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"content": "\u003cp>Preparing for a lengthy legal battle with the Trump administration about how much pollution to allow from cars, California regulators on Thursday said they were considering cracking down on other emissions to make up for any impacts on air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration on Thursday officially revoked California’s authority to set its own emission standards — authority the state has had for decades under a waiver from the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes won’t take effect for another 60 days, giving state officials time to prepare a lawsuit. But the litigation will be complex and could last for years. In the meantime, California regulators in charge of reducing pollutants are considering toughening limits on refinery emissions and imposing “roadway pricing” — which includes charging higher tolls during rush hour in the hopes of keeping cars off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘We must do other things to meet our commitments,” Ellen Peter, chief counsel for the California Air Resources Board, said during Thursday’s board meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the board said officials are “evaluating options at this point and aren’t prepared to discuss details.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, (the board) has been quite public about the need to make up reductions that may be lost through any federal attempt at intervention in state air quality and (greenhouse gas) regulations,” spokesman Dave Clegern said. “This is a public health issue for California and not an abstract exercise, so we must find additional reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has 35 million registered vehicles, giving it great influence with the auto industry. That was evident in July, when Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom announced that Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen had agreed to follow California’s standards, bypassing the administration, which had been working on new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s decision to stop California from setting its own emission standards for cars and trucks would undermine the state’s ability to convince the world’s largest automakers that they should make more environmentally friendly vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will not let political agendas in a single state be forced upon the other 49,” Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao said Thursday at a Washington news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One California lawmaker is already working on a way to preserve at least some of the state’s environmental muscle: rebates for electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California residents who buy or lease a zero-emission vehicle can get up to $7,000 from the state. A bill by Democratic Assemblyman Phil Ting would mean people could only get that money if they buy a car from a company that has agreed to follow California’s emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be incentivizing consumers to purchase from automakers that have aligned themselves with our state’s overall goals,” Ting said. “I think rebates are one tool. I’m sure the administration and the state will be looking at other tools that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Vogel, a professor emeritus of business ethics at the Haas School of Business of the University of California-Berkeley, noted California could accomplish its goals through various tax changes, which the federal government could not stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if the Trump administration would win on this, California could use taxes to accomplish much of the same goals,” Vogel said. “The federal government would have less of an ability to challenge, because states can pretty much tax who they want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said his move would result in less expensive, safer cars. He predicted Americans would purchase more new cars, which would result in cleaner air as older models are taken off the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many more cars will be produced under the new and uniform standard, meaning significantly more JOBS, JOBS, JOBS! Automakers should seize this opportunity because without this alternative to California, you will be out of business,” Trump tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Andrew Wheeler said at the Thursday news conference with Chao that Trump’s approach was “good for public safety, good for the economy and good for the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler also played down electric vehicles, calling them “a product that has minimal impact on the environment and which most families cannot approach”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. automakers contend that without year-over-year increases in fuel efficiency that align with global market realities, their vehicles could be less competitive, potentially resulting in job losses. But most of the industry favors increases in standards that are less than the Obama-era requirements, saying their consumers are gravitating to SUVs and trucks rather than buying more efficient cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action to stop the Trump rollback. The U.S. transportation sector is the nation’s biggest single source of greenhouse gasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s claim that his proposal would result in a cleaner environment is contrary to his own administration’s estimate that by freezing economy standards, U.S. fuel consumption would increase by about 500,000 barrels per day, a 2% to 3% increase. Environmental groups predict even more fuel consumed, resulting in higher pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues that lower-cost vehicles would allow more people to buy new ones that are safer, cutting roadway deaths by 12,700 lives through the 2029 model year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But The Associated Press reported last year that internal EPA emails show senior career officials privately questioned the administration’s calculations, saying the proposed freeze would actually modestly increase highway fatalities, by about 17 deaths annually.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“However, (the board) has been quite public about the need to make up reductions that may be lost through any federal attempt at intervention in state air quality and (greenhouse gas) regulations,” spokesman Dave Clegern said. “This is a public health issue for California and not an abstract exercise, so we must find additional reductions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has 35 million registered vehicles, giving it great influence with the auto industry. That was evident in July, when Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom announced that Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen had agreed to follow California’s standards, bypassing the administration, which had been working on new rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s decision to stop California from setting its own emission standards for cars and trucks would undermine the state’s ability to convince the world’s largest automakers that they should make more environmentally friendly vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will not let political agendas in a single state be forced upon the other 49,” Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao said Thursday at a Washington news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One California lawmaker is already working on a way to preserve at least some of the state’s environmental muscle: rebates for electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California residents who buy or lease a zero-emission vehicle can get up to $7,000 from the state. A bill by Democratic Assemblyman Phil Ting would mean people could only get that money if they buy a car from a company that has agreed to follow California’s emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be incentivizing consumers to purchase from automakers that have aligned themselves with our state’s overall goals,” Ting said. “I think rebates are one tool. I’m sure the administration and the state will be looking at other tools that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Vogel, a professor emeritus of business ethics at the Haas School of Business of the University of California-Berkeley, noted California could accomplish its goals through various tax changes, which the federal government could not stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if the Trump administration would win on this, California could use taxes to accomplish much of the same goals,” Vogel said. “The federal government would have less of an ability to challenge, because states can pretty much tax who they want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said his move would result in less expensive, safer cars. He predicted Americans would purchase more new cars, which would result in cleaner air as older models are taken off the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many more cars will be produced under the new and uniform standard, meaning significantly more JOBS, JOBS, JOBS! Automakers should seize this opportunity because without this alternative to California, you will be out of business,” Trump tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency chief Andrew Wheeler said at the Thursday news conference with Chao that Trump’s approach was “good for public safety, good for the economy and good for the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler also played down electric vehicles, calling them “a product that has minimal impact on the environment and which most families cannot approach”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. automakers contend that without year-over-year increases in fuel efficiency that align with global market realities, their vehicles could be less competitive, potentially resulting in job losses. But most of the industry favors increases in standards that are less than the Obama-era requirements, saying their consumers are gravitating to SUVs and trucks rather than buying more efficient cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action to stop the Trump rollback. The U.S. transportation sector is the nation’s biggest single source of greenhouse gasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s claim that his proposal would result in a cleaner environment is contrary to his own administration’s estimate that by freezing economy standards, U.S. fuel consumption would increase by about 500,000 barrels per day, a 2% to 3% increase. Environmental groups predict even more fuel consumed, resulting in higher pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues that lower-cost vehicles would allow more people to buy new ones that are safer, cutting roadway deaths by 12,700 lives through the 2029 model year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But The Associated Press reported last year that internal EPA emails show senior career officials privately questioned the administration’s calculations, saying the proposed freeze would actually modestly increase highway fatalities, by about 17 deaths annually.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Update, Sept. 19, 2019:\u003c/strong> The Trump administration today \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/trump-administration-announces-one-national-program-rule-federal-preemption-state-fuel\">formally announced\u003c/a> it will finalize uniform vehicle emission standards for the U.S. and take away California’s right to enact stricter rules as it has for more than half a century.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from the federal Environmental Protection Agency announced the administration’s a final action called the “One National Program Rule.” It will enable the federal government to provide nationwide uniform fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards for automobiles and light duty trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative goes by the acronym SAFE, for “Safer, Affordable, Fuel-Efficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials are poised to fight the administration’s effort in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA statement continues: “Pursuant to Congress’s mandate in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, only the federal government may set fuel economy standards, and state and local governments may not establish their own separate fuel economy standards. This includes state laws that substantially affect fuel economy standards (such as tailpipe GHG emissions standards and ZEV mandates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also is withdrawing the 2013 Clean Air Act waiver that authorized California to pursue its own tailpipe greenhouse gas emission standard (fuel economy standard) and ZEV mandate. As a result, the statement said, these two programs are also prohibited by the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s statement emphasized that “California must continue to enforce its programs to address smog and other forms of traditional air pollution caused by motor vehicles. The state must redouble its efforts to address the worst air quality in the United States and finally achieve compliance with EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards, where for decades it has failed to address serious, severe, and extreme non-compliance status in several areas within the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1174342163141812224?s=20\">tweet\u003c/a> Wednesday morning, President Donald Trump announced the revocation of California’s legal authority to set tailpipe pollution standards, upending 50 years of precedent under the federal Clean Air Act of 1970.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1174342163141812224?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The latest attempt by the administration to dismantle longstanding environmental regulations follows California’s voluntary framework agreement in July with Ford, Honda, Volkswagen and BMW on clean-car standards. That effort was supposed to circumvent the Trump administration’s efforts to loosen emission rules for new small cars and trucks set under President Barack Obama. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The stronger pollution requirements were central to the Obama administration’s plans to address the climate crisis. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In response, the Trump administration’s opened an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/06/climate/automakers-california-emissions-antitrust.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">antitrust investigation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of the deal.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During a press conference Wednesday, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gov. Gavin Newsom slammed the plan to revoke California’s authority and accused the Trump administration of bullying the state and the car companies. He expressed confidence th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">at California would prevail in a\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> legal challenge.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He added that the market, as well as the future of the auto industry, are on California’s side. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The innovation genie is out of the bottle,” Newsom said. “Every single one of these companies know where the consumer is going and the world is going. That is the elimination of the internal combustion engine. California gets that because we are in the future business.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>California’s Waiver\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California has a long history of writing its own car emission rules. Starting in the early 1960s, the state required that car makers prevent exhaust from going straight into the air from a vehicle’s engine. California passed the nation’s first tailpipe emissions standards for carbon monoxide in 1966. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the federal government passed the Clean Air Act in 1970, it recognized California’s existing rules and the state’s extraordinary air pollution problem by providing for a waiver through which the state could set emission standards more stringent than those in the rest of the U.S.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Air Resources Board reports that California is home to 7 of 10 cities with the worst air pollution in the country, and that 10 million people breathe punishing smog in the San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles air basins. Scientists expect climate change to exacerbate these problems. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to receive the waiver, California’s emission standards have to meet certain technical requirements and provide enough lead time for car manufacturers to adapt. California must also demonstrate the need for a waiver that meets “compelling and extraordinary conditions.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legal scholars describe as unprecedented any formal revocation of California’s ability to set its own tailpipe emissions standards. They also question whether the federal Environmental Protection Agency has legal authority to do so.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2008, President George W. Bush threatened to deny a waiver. California sued, and a federal appeals court had not ruled on the issue by the time Obama took office the following year and granted the waiver.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">‘\u003c/span>\u003cb>Trying to Muddy the Waters’\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler raised the issue of the waiver when he addressed the National Automobile Dealers Association \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/administrator-wheeler-addresses-national-automobile-dealers-association\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. He said his agency will work with the U.S. Department of Transportation to “bring clarity to the proper — and improper — scope and use of the Clean Air Act pre-emption waiver.”\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheeler said the the current standards set in the previous administration “focused almost exclusively on energy efficiency and carbon dioxide reductions.” Bloomberg, which first \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-17/epa-to-unveil-plan-to-yank-california-s-car-emissions-authority\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> the coming announcement of the waiver’s revocation, said the administration’s plan “leaves intact California’s power to regulate smog-forming pollutants from autos and other sources.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheeler seemed to say as much to the auto dealers.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our actions will not impact California’s health-based standards and programs,” he said. “California will be able to keep in place and enforce programs to address smog and other forms of air pollution caused by motor vehicles. This will allow the state to redouble its efforts to address its air quality problems and finally achieve compliance with EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California routinely fails to meet federal smog standards. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mary Nichols, chairwoman of the California Air Resources Board, pushed back against the notion of separating the issues of climate change from air quality and public health. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They are trying to muddy the waters,” Nichols said. “The standards that we are in the process of enforcing are necessary to protect the public health and welfare. Not just because we care about the future of the planet. We need these extra clean cars in order to meet the health standards set by the federal government that we violate now on a regular basis throughout Southern California and the San Joaquin Valley.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ann Carlson, a law professor at UCLA, says the Trump administration has struggled to implement its long-promised plan of rolling back Obama-era auto emission standards. The process the EPA has to complete in order to formally roll back those rules has resulted in a “a mess full of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/10/trumps-clean-car-rollback-is-riddled-with-math-errors-clouding-its-legal-future/574249/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">errors\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The Trump administration is not yet in a position to roll back the Obama standards because their legal justifications are weak.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carlson added that\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the timing of the EPA’s announcement on California’s waiver is “completely suspect.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the heels of the states agreement with automakers, Carlson said, the lifting of the waiver looks motivated by spite.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s also terrible for the climate and clean air,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/ld_cafe_my2021-26_deis_0.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">estimates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that the rollbacks could increase total vehicle greenhouse gas emissions between 2% and 10%. That’s the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-auto-emissions-standards-fight-with-donald-trump-explained/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">equivalent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of putting 9 million additional vehicles on the road.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attorney General Xavier Becerra promised to meet Trump in court.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“While the White House clings to the past, automakers and American families embrace cleaner cars,” Becerra said in a statement. “The evidence is irrefutable: Today’s clean car standards are achievable, science-based, and a boon for hardworking American families and public health.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Legal Outlook\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s unclear when President Trump’s order will go into effect — California air regulators have yet to see any paperwork. It’s also unclear whether California will retain regulatory authority while the case is litigated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the law is clear that the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> EPA can grant the waiver, it says nothing about whether the agency can revoke it, said Julia Stein, a supervising attorney with UCLA’s environmental law clinic.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There has never been a waiver revocation in the entire 50-year history of the Clean Air Act,” she said. “We’re really in unprecedented territory here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stein said that normally when a federal regulatory action will have fiscal impacts, as is the case with Trump’s plan, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs must review that action within 90 days. However, it’s possible that because a draft of the waiver went to the agency earlier this year, the review could take only 45 days.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration could pursue an expedited review if it designates the changes an emergency, but Stein called into question the rationale for such an action.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once the regulatory affairs office finishes its review, California will have 60 days to sue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Once litigation is filed, it is possible that California could seek a stay to keep waiver authority in place while the case is pending,” Stein said. “If a court were to grant a stay, California would continue to have the right to enforce its standards until the action is resolved.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Chaos’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Michael Wara, a lawyer and research fellow at Stanford University, said the administration is pursuing an agenda of regulatory rollbacks that extends beyond what businesses want. In this case, Trump’s plan could set off deep uncertainty within the auto industry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is chaos,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wara added that the timing of the announcement was clearly made with the upcoming presidential election in mind. “They want the litigation to be concluded with a final Supreme Court decision by the time that the November 2020 elections occur,” Wara said. “They are looking at the clock.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reducing Emissions Through Technology … and Burning Less Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While California can set tougher rules for tailpipe emissions, a 1975 law that requires what’s called corporate average fuel economy standards says only the federal government can set gas mileage standards.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So automakers can reduce greenhouse gases through innovation and technology, or they can make cars that burn less gasoline, and California’s rules have had the effect of pushing manufacturers to build more fuel-efficient cars.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over decades, EPA granted waivers to California so it could reduce smog from vehicles by requiring tighter-fitting fuel caps, catalytic converters, check-engine lights and other measures.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/enrd/massachusetts-v-epa\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Massachusetts v. EPA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> decision that the federal government could use the Clean Air Act to regulate greenhouse gases. Afterward, California passed rules to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "California leaders are promising to fight Trump's plan to revoke the state's legal authority to set tailpipe pollution rules, and lawyers are dubious.",
"title": "Trump Aims to Kill California's Clean-Air Powers. Lawyers Doubt He Can. | KQED",
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"headline": "Trump Aims to Kill California's Clean-Air Powers. Lawyers Doubt He Can.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Update, Sept. 19, 2019:\u003c/strong> The Trump administration today \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/trump-administration-announces-one-national-program-rule-federal-preemption-state-fuel\">formally announced\u003c/a> it will finalize uniform vehicle emission standards for the U.S. and take away California’s right to enact stricter rules as it has for more than half a century.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from the federal Environmental Protection Agency announced the administration’s a final action called the “One National Program Rule.” It will enable the federal government to provide nationwide uniform fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards for automobiles and light duty trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative goes by the acronym SAFE, for “Safer, Affordable, Fuel-Efficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials are poised to fight the administration’s effort in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA statement continues: “Pursuant to Congress’s mandate in the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, only the federal government may set fuel economy standards, and state and local governments may not establish their own separate fuel economy standards. This includes state laws that substantially affect fuel economy standards (such as tailpipe GHG emissions standards and ZEV mandates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also is withdrawing the 2013 Clean Air Act waiver that authorized California to pursue its own tailpipe greenhouse gas emission standard (fuel economy standard) and ZEV mandate. As a result, the statement said, these two programs are also prohibited by the Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration’s statement emphasized that “California must continue to enforce its programs to address smog and other forms of traditional air pollution caused by motor vehicles. The state must redouble its efforts to address the worst air quality in the United States and finally achieve compliance with EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards, where for decades it has failed to address serious, severe, and extreme non-compliance status in several areas within the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1174342163141812224?s=20\">tweet\u003c/a> Wednesday morning, President Donald Trump announced the revocation of California’s legal authority to set tailpipe pollution standards, upending 50 years of precedent under the federal Clean Air Act of 1970.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The latest attempt by the administration to dismantle longstanding environmental regulations follows California’s voluntary framework agreement in July with Ford, Honda, Volkswagen and BMW on clean-car standards. That effort was supposed to circumvent the Trump administration’s efforts to loosen emission rules for new small cars and trucks set under President Barack Obama. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The stronger pollution requirements were central to the Obama administration’s plans to address the climate crisis. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In response, the Trump administration’s opened an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/06/climate/automakers-california-emissions-antitrust.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">antitrust investigation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of the deal.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">During a press conference Wednesday, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gov. Gavin Newsom slammed the plan to revoke California’s authority and accused the Trump administration of bullying the state and the car companies. He expressed confidence th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">at California would prevail in a\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> legal challenge.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He added that the market, as well as the future of the auto industry, are on California’s side. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The innovation genie is out of the bottle,” Newsom said. “Every single one of these companies know where the consumer is going and the world is going. That is the elimination of the internal combustion engine. California gets that because we are in the future business.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>California’s Waiver\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California has a long history of writing its own car emission rules. Starting in the early 1960s, the state required that car makers prevent exhaust from going straight into the air from a vehicle’s engine. California passed the nation’s first tailpipe emissions standards for carbon monoxide in 1966. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the federal government passed the Clean Air Act in 1970, it recognized California’s existing rules and the state’s extraordinary air pollution problem by providing for a waiver through which the state could set emission standards more stringent than those in the rest of the U.S.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Air Resources Board reports that California is home to 7 of 10 cities with the worst air pollution in the country, and that 10 million people breathe punishing smog in the San Joaquin Valley and Los Angeles air basins. Scientists expect climate change to exacerbate these problems. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In order to receive the waiver, California’s emission standards have to meet certain technical requirements and provide enough lead time for car manufacturers to adapt. California must also demonstrate the need for a waiver that meets “compelling and extraordinary conditions.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legal scholars describe as unprecedented any formal revocation of California’s ability to set its own tailpipe emissions standards. They also question whether the federal Environmental Protection Agency has legal authority to do so.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2008, President George W. Bush threatened to deny a waiver. California sued, and a federal appeals court had not ruled on the issue by the time Obama took office the following year and granted the waiver.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">‘\u003c/span>\u003cb>Trying to Muddy the Waters’\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler raised the issue of the waiver when he addressed the National Automobile Dealers Association \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/administrator-wheeler-addresses-national-automobile-dealers-association\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tuesday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. He said his agency will work with the U.S. Department of Transportation to “bring clarity to the proper — and improper — scope and use of the Clean Air Act pre-emption waiver.”\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheeler said the the current standards set in the previous administration “focused almost exclusively on energy efficiency and carbon dioxide reductions.” Bloomberg, which first \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-17/epa-to-unveil-plan-to-yank-california-s-car-emissions-authority\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> the coming announcement of the waiver’s revocation, said the administration’s plan “leaves intact California’s power to regulate smog-forming pollutants from autos and other sources.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wheeler seemed to say as much to the auto dealers.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our actions will not impact California’s health-based standards and programs,” he said. “California will be able to keep in place and enforce programs to address smog and other forms of air pollution caused by motor vehicles. This will allow the state to redouble its efforts to address its air quality problems and finally achieve compliance with EPA’s National Ambient Air Quality Standards.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California routinely fails to meet federal smog standards. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mary Nichols, chairwoman of the California Air Resources Board, pushed back against the notion of separating the issues of climate change from air quality and public health. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“They are trying to muddy the waters,” Nichols said. “The standards that we are in the process of enforcing are necessary to protect the public health and welfare. Not just because we care about the future of the planet. We need these extra clean cars in order to meet the health standards set by the federal government that we violate now on a regular basis throughout Southern California and the San Joaquin Valley.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ann Carlson, a law professor at UCLA, says the Trump administration has struggled to implement its long-promised plan of rolling back Obama-era auto emission standards. The process the EPA has to complete in order to formally roll back those rules has resulted in a “a mess full of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/10/trumps-clean-car-rollback-is-riddled-with-math-errors-clouding-its-legal-future/574249/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">errors\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The Trump administration is not yet in a position to roll back the Obama standards because their legal justifications are weak.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carlson added that\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the timing of the EPA’s announcement on California’s waiver is “completely suspect.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the heels of the states agreement with automakers, Carlson said, the lifting of the waiver looks motivated by spite.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s also terrible for the climate and clean air,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/ld_cafe_my2021-26_deis_0.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">estimates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that the rollbacks could increase total vehicle greenhouse gas emissions between 2% and 10%. That’s the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-auto-emissions-standards-fight-with-donald-trump-explained/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">equivalent\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of putting 9 million additional vehicles on the road.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Attorney General Xavier Becerra promised to meet Trump in court.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“While the White House clings to the past, automakers and American families embrace cleaner cars,” Becerra said in a statement. “The evidence is irrefutable: Today’s clean car standards are achievable, science-based, and a boon for hardworking American families and public health.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Legal Outlook\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s unclear when President Trump’s order will go into effect — California air regulators have yet to see any paperwork. It’s also unclear whether California will retain regulatory authority while the case is litigated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While the law is clear that the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> EPA can grant the waiver, it says nothing about whether the agency can revoke it, said Julia Stein, a supervising attorney with UCLA’s environmental law clinic.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There has never been a waiver revocation in the entire 50-year history of the Clean Air Act,” she said. “We’re really in unprecedented territory here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stein said that normally when a federal regulatory action will have fiscal impacts, as is the case with Trump’s plan, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs must review that action within 90 days. However, it’s possible that because a draft of the waiver went to the agency earlier this year, the review could take only 45 days.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration could pursue an expedited review if it designates the changes an emergency, but Stein called into question the rationale for such an action.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once the regulatory affairs office finishes its review, California will have 60 days to sue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Once litigation is filed, it is possible that California could seek a stay to keep waiver authority in place while the case is pending,” Stein said. “If a court were to grant a stay, California would continue to have the right to enforce its standards until the action is resolved.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Chaos’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Michael Wara, a lawyer and research fellow at Stanford University, said the administration is pursuing an agenda of regulatory rollbacks that extends beyond what businesses want. In this case, Trump’s plan could set off deep uncertainty within the auto industry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is chaos,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wara added that the timing of the announcement was clearly made with the upcoming presidential election in mind. “They want the litigation to be concluded with a final Supreme Court decision by the time that the November 2020 elections occur,” Wara said. “They are looking at the clock.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reducing Emissions Through Technology … and Burning Less Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While California can set tougher rules for tailpipe emissions, a 1975 law that requires what’s called corporate average fuel economy standards says only the federal government can set gas mileage standards.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So automakers can reduce greenhouse gases through innovation and technology, or they can make cars that burn less gasoline, and California’s rules have had the effect of pushing manufacturers to build more fuel-efficient cars.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over decades, EPA granted waivers to California so it could reduce smog from vehicles by requiring tighter-fitting fuel caps, catalytic converters, check-engine lights and other measures.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2007, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/enrd/massachusetts-v-epa\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Massachusetts v. EPA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> decision that the federal government could use the Clean Air Act to regulate greenhouse gases. Afterward, California passed rules to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "EPA Set to End California Authority Over Car Emissions",
"headTitle": "EPA Set to End California Authority Over Car Emissions | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is poised to revoke California’s authority to set tailpipe emission standards, asserting that only the federal government has the power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomberg is \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-17/epa-to-unveil-plan-to-yank-california-s-car-emissions-authority\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a> the administration’s plan “leaves intact California’s power to regulate smog-forming pollutants from autos and other sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservative and free-market groups have been asked to attend a formal announcement of the rollback set for Wednesday afternoon at Environmental Protection Agency headquarters in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gloria Bergquist, spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, said Tuesday that her group was among those invited to the event featuring EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler and Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after the Justice Department recently opened an antitrust investigation into a deal between California and four automakers for tougher pollution and related mileage requirements than those sought by President Donald Trump. Trump also has sought to relax Obama-era federal mileage standards nationwide, weakening a key effort by his Democratic predecessor to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action to stop the rollback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California won’t ever wait for permission from Washington to protect the health and safety of children and families,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California senator and Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris said in a statement that the administration “has put a target on California’s back, and sought only to score political points by attacking our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House declined to comment Tuesday, referring questions to EPA. EPA’s press office did not respond to a phone message and email seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler told the National Automobile Dealers Association on Tuesday that the Trump administration would move “in the very near future” to take steps toward establishing one nationwide set of fuel-economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We embrace federalism and the role of the states, but federalism does not mean that one state can dictate standards for the nation,” he said, adding that higher fuel economy standards would hurt consumers by increasing the average sticker price of new cars and requiring automakers to produce more electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of the pending announcement came as Trump traveled to California on Tuesday for an overnight trip that includes GOP fundraising events near San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards goes back to a waiver issued by Congress during passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970. The state has long pushed automakers to adopt more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles that emit less pollution. A dozen states and the District of Columbia also follow California’s fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Tuesday that the Trump administration’s action will hurt both U.S. automakers and American families. He said California would fight the administration in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have no basis and no authority to pull this waiver,” Becerra, a Democrat, said in a statement, referring to Trump. “We’re ready to fight for a future that you seem unable to comprehend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom said the White House “has abdicated its responsibility to the rest of the world on cutting emissions and fighting global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California won’t ever wait for permission from Washington to protect the health and safety of children and families,” said Newsom, a Democrat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal struck in July between California and four of the world’s largest automakers — Ford, Honda, BMW and Volkswagen — bypassed the Trump administration’s plan to freeze emissions and fuel economy standards adopted under Obama at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four automakers agreed with California to reduce emissions by 3.7% per year starting with the 2022 model year, through 2026. That compares with 4.7% yearly reductions through 2025 under the Obama standards. Emissions standards are closely linked with fuel economy requirements because vehicles pollute less if they burn fewer gallons of fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. transportation sector is the nation’s biggest single source of planet-warming greenhouse gasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler said Tuesday: “California will be able to keep in place and enforce programs to address smog and other forms of air pollution caused by motor vehicles.” But fuel economy has been one of the key regulatory tools the state has used to reduce harmful emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists condemned the Trump administration’s expected announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone wins when we adopt strong clean car standards as our public policy,” said Fred Krupp, president of Environmental Defense Fund. “Strong clean car standards give us healthier air to breathe, help protect us from the urgent threat of climate change and save Americans hundreds of dollars a year in gas expenses.”\u003cbr>\n___\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press writer Adam Beam contributed to this report from Sacramento, California.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is poised to revoke California’s authority to set tailpipe emission standards, asserting that only the federal government has the power to regulate greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomberg is \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-09-17/epa-to-unveil-plan-to-yank-california-s-car-emissions-authority\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a> the administration’s plan “leaves intact California’s power to regulate smog-forming pollutants from autos and other sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservative and free-market groups have been asked to attend a formal announcement of the rollback set for Wednesday afternoon at Environmental Protection Agency headquarters in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gloria Bergquist, spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, said Tuesday that her group was among those invited to the event featuring EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler and Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after the Justice Department recently opened an antitrust investigation into a deal between California and four automakers for tougher pollution and related mileage requirements than those sought by President Donald Trump. Trump also has sought to relax Obama-era federal mileage standards nationwide, weakening a key effort by his Democratic predecessor to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top California officials and environmental groups pledged legal action to stop the rollback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California won’t ever wait for permission from Washington to protect the health and safety of children and families,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California senator and Democratic presidential candidate Kamala Harris said in a statement that the administration “has put a target on California’s back, and sought only to score political points by attacking our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House declined to comment Tuesday, referring questions to EPA. EPA’s press office did not respond to a phone message and email seeking comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler told the National Automobile Dealers Association on Tuesday that the Trump administration would move “in the very near future” to take steps toward establishing one nationwide set of fuel-economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We embrace federalism and the role of the states, but federalism does not mean that one state can dictate standards for the nation,” he said, adding that higher fuel economy standards would hurt consumers by increasing the average sticker price of new cars and requiring automakers to produce more electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of the pending announcement came as Trump traveled to California on Tuesday for an overnight trip that includes GOP fundraising events near San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards goes back to a waiver issued by Congress during passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970. The state has long pushed automakers to adopt more fuel-efficient passenger vehicles that emit less pollution. A dozen states and the District of Columbia also follow California’s fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Tuesday that the Trump administration’s action will hurt both U.S. automakers and American families. He said California would fight the administration in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have no basis and no authority to pull this waiver,” Becerra, a Democrat, said in a statement, referring to Trump. “We’re ready to fight for a future that you seem unable to comprehend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom said the White House “has abdicated its responsibility to the rest of the world on cutting emissions and fighting global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California won’t ever wait for permission from Washington to protect the health and safety of children and families,” said Newsom, a Democrat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal struck in July between California and four of the world’s largest automakers — Ford, Honda, BMW and Volkswagen — bypassed the Trump administration’s plan to freeze emissions and fuel economy standards adopted under Obama at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four automakers agreed with California to reduce emissions by 3.7% per year starting with the 2022 model year, through 2026. That compares with 4.7% yearly reductions through 2025 under the Obama standards. Emissions standards are closely linked with fuel economy requirements because vehicles pollute less if they burn fewer gallons of fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. transportation sector is the nation’s biggest single source of planet-warming greenhouse gasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler said Tuesday: “California will be able to keep in place and enforce programs to address smog and other forms of air pollution caused by motor vehicles.” But fuel economy has been one of the key regulatory tools the state has used to reduce harmful emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists condemned the Trump administration’s expected announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone wins when we adopt strong clean car standards as our public policy,” said Fred Krupp, president of Environmental Defense Fund. “Strong clean car standards give us healthier air to breathe, help protect us from the urgent threat of climate change and save Americans hundreds of dollars a year in gas expenses.”\u003cbr>\n___\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press writer Adam Beam contributed to this report from Sacramento, California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Americans Are Waking Up': Two-Thirds Say Climate Crisis Must Be Addressed",
"headTitle": "‘Americans Are Waking Up’: Two-Thirds Say Climate Crisis Must Be Addressed | KQED",
"content": "\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Major CBS News poll released as part of Covering Climate Now, a collaboration of more than 250 news outlets around the world to strengthen coverage of the climate story\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of Americans believe climate change is either a crisis or a serious problem, with a majority wanting immediate action to address global heating and its damaging consequences, major new polling has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote=’alignright’ size=’medium’ citation=’Margaret Klein Salamon, \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" style=\"color: #41a62a\" href=\"https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/\">Climate Mobilization Project\u003c/a>‘]’Americans are finally beginning waking up to the existential threat that the climate emergency poses to our society, and it’s young people that have been primarily responsible for that.’[/pullquote]Amid a Democratic primary shaped by unprecedented alarm over the climate crisis and \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/13/greta-thunberg-white-house-climate-protest\">an insurgent youth climate movement\u003c/a> that is sweeping the world, the polling shows substantial if uneven support for tackling the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of Americans questioned in the new CBS News poll consider climate change a “crisis”, with a further 36% defining it as a “serious problem”. Two in 10 respondents said it was a minor problem, with just 16% considering it not worrisome at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of polled Americans said they wanted the climate crisis to be confronted right away, with smaller groups happy to wait a few more years and just 18% rejecting any need to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans are finally beginning waking up to the existential threat that the climate emergency poses to our society,” said Margaret Klein Salamon, a clinical psychologist and founder of the \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/\">Climate Mobilization Project\u003c/a>. “This is huge progress for our movement – and it’s young people that have been primarily responsible for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\">\u003c/a>But while nearly all of those questioned accept that the climate is changing, there appears to be lingering confusion over why and scientists’ confidence over the causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a consensus among climate scientists that the world is heating up due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation, as well as cutting down forests. However, just 44% of poll respondents said human activity was a major contributor to climate change. More than a quarter said our impact was minor or nonexistent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an even starker split on the findings of climate scientists. According to the CBS poll, 52% of Americans say “scientists agree that humans are a main cause” of the climate crisis, with 48% claiming there is disagreement among experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This remains a vitally important misunderstanding – if you believe global warming is just a natural cycle, you’re unlikely to support policies intended to reduce carbon pollution, like regulations and taxes,” said Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/\">Yale Program on Climate Change Communication\u003c/a>, which has made similar findings in its own, long-running polling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These results also again confirm a longstanding problem, which is that many Americans still believe scientists themselves are uncertain whether human-caused global warming is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our own and others’ research has repeatedly found that this is a critical misunderstanding, promoted by the fossil fuel industry for decades, in order to sow doubt, increase public uncertainty and thus keep people stuck in the status quo, in a ‘wait and see’ mode.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-1020x1370.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"421\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-1020x1370.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-160x215.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-800x1075.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-768x1032.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-893x1200.jpg 893w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-1920x2580.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1.jpg 1524w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\">\u003c/a>Similar to previous polls, the CBS research finds sharp ideological differences in attitudes to the climate crisis. While nearly seven in 10 Democratic voters understand that humans significantly influence the climate and 80% want immediate action, just 20% of Republicans think humans are a primary cause and barely a quarter want rapid action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the science, nearly three-quarters of Democrats said almost all experts agree that humans are driving climate change, with just 29% of Republicans saying the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Age is another key variable. While 70% of 18- to 29-year-olds think climate change is a serious problem or crisis, just 58% over 65 concur. Younger people are far more likely to consider it a personal responsibility to address the climate crisis and to believe that a transition to 100% renewable energy is viable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people have been galvanized by climate science being taught in schools as well as a spreading global activist movement spearheaded by Greta Thunberg, the Swedish teenager who started a wave of school walkouts to demand action. Thunberg \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/29/greta-thunberg-young-activists-push-leaders-climate-crisis\">recently arrived in the US on a solar-powered yacht\u003c/a>, ahead of a major United Nations climate summit in New York on 23 September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This generational divide even cuts across party affiliation, with two-thirds of Republican voters aged under 45 considering it their duty to address the climate crisis, according to the CBS poll. Just 38% of Republicans aged over 45 feel the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Younger Republicans are much more convinced climate change is a crisis and are supportive of action than older Republicans – which has big implications for the future of the party,” said Leiserowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1947487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1951\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2.jpg 1951w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-160x168.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-800x840.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-768x806.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-1020x1071.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-1143x1200.jpg 1143w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-1920x2015.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1951px) 100vw, 1951px\">\u003c/a>Around three-quarters of all respondents said they understand that climate change is melting the Arctic, raising sea levels and causing warmer summers. A further two-thirds accept that hurricanes will be made more severe by global heating. Hurricane Dorian, which recently devastated parts of the Bahamas, made 38% of Americans more concerned about the climate crisis, with 56% unswayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leiserowitz said that the relationship between extreme weather events and concern over climate change is a complex one, with people already worried the most likely to say that their alarm has increased when a major storm or flood hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of concern over climate change there appears to be skepticism among Americans about how much humans can do about it. Just 19% said humans can stop rising temperatures and the associated impacts, with nearly half thinking it possible to slow but not stop the changes and 23% refusing to believe humans can do anything at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may well influence the views of leading presidential contenders’ climate plans. Democratic hopeful Bernie Sanders, for example, has \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/1654-bernie-sanders-green-new-deal/761873c26ec4075c609b/optimized/full.pdf#page=1\">proposed\u003c/a> a rapid remodeling of society where planet-warming emissions from transport and power generation are eradicated within just 11 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By saying we should merely slow and not reverse global warming, we are passively accepting the deaths of billions of people,” said Margaret Klein Salamon, of the \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/\">Climate Mobilization Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing that can protect us is an all-out, all-hands-on-deck mobilization, like we did during the second world war. Avoiding the collapse of civilization and restoring a safe climate should be every government’s top priority – at the national, state and local levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/15/americans-climate-change-crisis-cbs-poll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/climatenow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering Climate Now\u003c/a>, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Amid a Democratic primary shaped by unprecedented alarm over the climate crisis and an insurgent youth climate movement that is sweeping the world, the polling shows substantial if uneven support for tackling the issue.",
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"description": "Amid a Democratic primary shaped by unprecedented alarm over the climate crisis and an insurgent youth climate movement that is sweeping the world, the polling shows substantial if uneven support for tackling the issue.",
"title": "'Americans Are Waking Up': Two-Thirds Say Climate Crisis Must Be Addressed | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Oliver Milman, New York\u003cbr>The Guardian\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Major CBS News poll released as part of Covering Climate Now, a collaboration of more than 250 news outlets around the world to strengthen coverage of the climate story\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of Americans believe climate change is either a crisis or a serious problem, with a majority wanting immediate action to address global heating and its damaging consequences, major new polling has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Amid a Democratic primary shaped by unprecedented alarm over the climate crisis and \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/13/greta-thunberg-white-house-climate-protest\">an insurgent youth climate movement\u003c/a> that is sweeping the world, the polling shows substantial if uneven support for tackling the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a quarter of Americans questioned in the new CBS News poll consider climate change a “crisis”, with a further 36% defining it as a “serious problem”. Two in 10 respondents said it was a minor problem, with just 16% considering it not worrisome at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of polled Americans said they wanted the climate crisis to be confronted right away, with smaller groups happy to wait a few more years and just 18% rejecting any need to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans are finally beginning waking up to the existential threat that the climate emergency poses to our society,” said Margaret Klein Salamon, a clinical psychologist and founder of the \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/\">Climate Mobilization Project\u003c/a>. “This is huge progress for our movement – and it’s young people that have been primarily responsible for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"253\" height=\"252\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\">\u003c/a>But while nearly all of those questioned accept that the climate is changing, there appears to be lingering confusion over why and scientists’ confidence over the causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a consensus among climate scientists that the world is heating up due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation, as well as cutting down forests. However, just 44% of poll respondents said human activity was a major contributor to climate change. More than a quarter said our impact was minor or nonexistent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an even starker split on the findings of climate scientists. According to the CBS poll, 52% of Americans say “scientists agree that humans are a main cause” of the climate crisis, with 48% claiming there is disagreement among experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This remains a vitally important misunderstanding – if you believe global warming is just a natural cycle, you’re unlikely to support policies intended to reduce carbon pollution, like regulations and taxes,” said Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/\">Yale Program on Climate Change Communication\u003c/a>, which has made similar findings in its own, long-running polling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These results also again confirm a longstanding problem, which is that many Americans still believe scientists themselves are uncertain whether human-caused global warming is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our own and others’ research has repeatedly found that this is a critical misunderstanding, promoted by the fossil fuel industry for decades, in order to sow doubt, increase public uncertainty and thus keep people stuck in the status quo, in a ‘wait and see’ mode.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-1020x1370.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"421\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-1020x1370.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-160x215.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-800x1075.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-768x1032.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-893x1200.jpg 893w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1-1920x2580.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_1.jpg 1524w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\">\u003c/a>Similar to previous polls, the CBS research finds sharp ideological differences in attitudes to the climate crisis. While nearly seven in 10 Democratic voters understand that humans significantly influence the climate and 80% want immediate action, just 20% of Republicans think humans are a primary cause and barely a quarter want rapid action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the science, nearly three-quarters of Democrats said almost all experts agree that humans are driving climate change, with just 29% of Republicans saying the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Age is another key variable. While 70% of 18- to 29-year-olds think climate change is a serious problem or crisis, just 58% over 65 concur. Younger people are far more likely to consider it a personal responsibility to address the climate crisis and to believe that a transition to 100% renewable energy is viable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young people have been galvanized by climate science being taught in schools as well as a spreading global activist movement spearheaded by Greta Thunberg, the Swedish teenager who started a wave of school walkouts to demand action. Thunberg \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/aug/29/greta-thunberg-young-activists-push-leaders-climate-crisis\">recently arrived in the US on a solar-powered yacht\u003c/a>, ahead of a major United Nations climate summit in New York on 23 September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This generational divide even cuts across party affiliation, with two-thirds of Republican voters aged under 45 considering it their duty to address the climate crisis, according to the CBS poll. Just 38% of Republicans aged over 45 feel the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Younger Republicans are much more convinced climate change is a crisis and are supportive of action than older Republicans – which has big implications for the future of the party,” said Leiserowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1947487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1951\" height=\"2048\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2.jpg 1951w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-160x168.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-800x840.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-768x806.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-1020x1071.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-1143x1200.jpg 1143w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/cbspoll_2-1920x2015.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1951px) 100vw, 1951px\">\u003c/a>Around three-quarters of all respondents said they understand that climate change is melting the Arctic, raising sea levels and causing warmer summers. A further two-thirds accept that hurricanes will be made more severe by global heating. Hurricane Dorian, which recently devastated parts of the Bahamas, made 38% of Americans more concerned about the climate crisis, with 56% unswayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leiserowitz said that the relationship between extreme weather events and concern over climate change is a complex one, with people already worried the most likely to say that their alarm has increased when a major storm or flood hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of concern over climate change there appears to be skepticism among Americans about how much humans can do about it. Just 19% said humans can stop rising temperatures and the associated impacts, with nearly half thinking it possible to slow but not stop the changes and 23% refusing to believe humans can do anything at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may well influence the views of leading presidential contenders’ climate plans. Democratic hopeful Bernie Sanders, for example, has \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/1654-bernie-sanders-green-new-deal/761873c26ec4075c609b/optimized/full.pdf#page=1\">proposed\u003c/a> a rapid remodeling of society where planet-warming emissions from transport and power generation are eradicated within just 11 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By saying we should merely slow and not reverse global warming, we are passively accepting the deaths of billions of people,” said Margaret Klein Salamon, of the \u003ca class=\"u-underline\" href=\"https://www.theclimatemobilization.org/\">Climate Mobilization Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing that can protect us is an all-out, all-hands-on-deck mobilization, like we did during the second world war. Avoiding the collapse of civilization and restoring a safe climate should be every government’s top priority – at the national, state and local levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/sep/15/americans-climate-change-crisis-cbs-poll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/climatenow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering Climate Now\u003c/a>, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "A New Beginning for Climate Reporting",
"headTitle": "A New Beginning for Climate Reporting | KQED",
"content": "\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>KQED has joined Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen climate coverage. Here, you’ll find stories about science, culture, laws and solutions. These are stories about the central task of our time: how to reshape human life to live in cooperation with Earth. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Could it be that the press, especially the U.S. press, is finally waking up to the climate story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been 30 years since Bill McKibben rang the warning bells about the threat of man-made climate change—first in a piece in The New Yorker, and then in his book, “The End of Nature.” For most of that time, the response from most quarters of the media, especially in the U.S., has been either silence or, worse, getting the story wrong. Reporters and their news organizations sidelined climate stories as too technical or too political or too depressing. Spun by the fossil-fuel industry and vexed by their own business problems, media outlets often leaned on a false balance between the views of genuine scientists and those of paid corporate mouthpieces. The media’s minimization of the looming disaster is one of our great journalistic failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is heartening, then, to report that the press may at last be waking up to the defining story of our time. At the end of April, the \u003ci>Columbia Journalism Review\u003c/i> and \u003ci>The Nation\u003c/i> launched Covering Climate Now, a project aimed at encouraging news organizations, here and abroad, to raise their game when it comes to climate coverage. We weren’t going to tell people what to write or broadcast; we just wanted them to do more coverage, and to do it better. \u003ci>Close the gap\u003c/i>, we urged them, \u003ci>between the size of the story and the ambition of your efforts. Try it for a week, then report back on what you learned\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had a hunch that there was a critical mass of reporters and news outlets that wanted to do more climate coverage, and hoped that by highlighting that critical mass, we could also help to grow it. That’s exactly what has happened. Our initiative has been embraced by more than 250 news outlets from across the US and around the world—big outlets and small, print and digital, TV and radio—with a combined audience of well over 1 billion people. Their response has been amazing, and gratifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe that Covering Climate Now is the biggest effort ever undertaken to organize the world’s press around a single topic. (You’ll find a list of partners \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveringclimatenow.org/partners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>, and you can follow all of us on Twitter at #CoveringClimateNow.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our week of focused climate coverage began yesterday and will continue through next Monday, September 23, the day of the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York. \u003cem>(KQED’s coverage will continue through September 27.)\u003c/em> And there’s more to come after this week is over; the climate story is not going away, so neither are we. We’ll be talking to our newsroom partners about what they learned this week, what they need to continue the momentum, what they can learn from one another, and where we go from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\">\u003c/a>We are thrilled that Covering Climate Now has flourished. Yet what has also become clear in the five months since we began this effort is the enormous amount of work that remains to be done in order for the media to get this story right. In talking with dozens of reporters, producers, editors, we’ve learned a lot about the ambitions that newsrooms have for improving their climate coverage, but we’ve also seen where roadblocks remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the scientists have been telling us with increasing urgency, humanity’s window to transform our world is shrinking fast. Transforming the news media is fundamental to achieving that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What misconceptions remain? What’s keeping newsrooms from doing more? Here are some roadblocks that stood out in our conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We Don’t Know Where to Start\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our most sobering conversations came during a meeting inside one of the world’s biggest news organizations, with a group of people asked by their boss to improve their climate coverage. These people were eager to embrace our project and had the resources to do it. But they had no idea how to begin: Where do we come up with story ideas? Who should our sources be? Can you help us think this through? Their response stunned us, given the size of the newsroom around us, but it reminded us early on in this process that in many cases, we’re starting from scratch. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/special_report/climate-change-media.php\">We’ve written before\u003c/a>, critically, about why this should not be the case, about how the media’s avoidance of the climate story has been an epic fail. Going forward, our focus will be on helping this newsroom, and others like it, get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Our Viewers Will Think We’re Activists\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many journalists and news executives continue to see climate coverage as political, and worry that more coverage will be seen as activism. We heard it from numerous newsrooms, and not just in those places where climate-denying politicians still hold sway. We think this concern distorts what newsgathering is about. Journalism has always been about righting wrongs, holding the powerful to account, calling out lies. It is in our best traditions to shine a light on our most vexing problems, in order to help fix them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>It’s Too Late; The Problem is Too Big for Us To Make Any Difference\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good journalism often makes things happen, though not always on the timeline we’d like—if at all. The public doesn’t respond; readers feel powerless; entrenched players outmaneuver reporters. That is part of how it works, too. But few reporters would still do the work if they believed it made no difference. It’s our journalistic responsibility to convey what is happening and why, as well as who is trying to fix it, and how. That’s our job as storytellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Readers Will Find This Depressing and Tune Out\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News organizations that have embraced climate coverage find that audiences—particularly younger viewers, listeners, and readers—are, in fact, enormously engaged in the coverage. They may get angry or energized or organized by climate stories, but they don’t tune them out. It is a strange time when journalism’s leaders argue against covering a subject that’s undeniably important simply because they’re worried their audience may find it challenging. Is this really where you want your newsroom to be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We’re Already Pulling Our Weight\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of media outlets—not enough, but a number—that already are producing excellent climate coverage. (Our lead media partner, \u003ci>The Guardian,\u003c/i> is at the top of that list.) But others declined to join this effort because they didn’t see how it would help them; they already know the climate story, and believe they are covering it aggressively. We found those responses disappointing. This is a chance for big media organizations to lead, and to help others along. The climate story stretches across all journalistic beats; it demands that we dismantle the usual siloes. Covering it well may require a bit of cooperation and collaboration that is antithetical to how we usually work. Take this on as a problem that is bigger than your own newsroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these challenges are surmountable. Throughout this week, you’ll hear from hundreds of newsrooms that have overcome them. Two hundred and fifty media organizations, more than 1 billion people. Those are big numbers. And they are just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Columbia Journalism Review\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Nation\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with Covering Climate Now, \u003c/em>\u003cem>a global \u003c/em>\u003cem>collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to \u003c/em>\u003cem>strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mark Hertsgaard, The Nation’s environment correspondent, has covered climate change since 1989. His books include “On Bended Knee: The Press And The Reagan Presidency,” “Earth Odyssey: Around The World In Search Of Our Environmental Future,” and “HOT: Living Through The Next Fifty Years On Earth.” Kyle Pope is the editor and publisher of Columbia Journalism Review.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>KQED has joined Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen climate coverage. Here, you’ll find stories about science, culture, laws and solutions. These are stories about the central task of our time: how to reshape human life to live in cooperation with Earth. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Could it be that the press, especially the U.S. press, is finally waking up to the climate story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been 30 years since Bill McKibben rang the warning bells about the threat of man-made climate change—first in a piece in The New Yorker, and then in his book, “The End of Nature.” For most of that time, the response from most quarters of the media, especially in the U.S., has been either silence or, worse, getting the story wrong. Reporters and their news organizations sidelined climate stories as too technical or too political or too depressing. Spun by the fossil-fuel industry and vexed by their own business problems, media outlets often leaned on a false balance between the views of genuine scientists and those of paid corporate mouthpieces. The media’s minimization of the looming disaster is one of our great journalistic failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is heartening, then, to report that the press may at last be waking up to the defining story of our time. At the end of April, the \u003ci>Columbia Journalism Review\u003c/i> and \u003ci>The Nation\u003c/i> launched Covering Climate Now, a project aimed at encouraging news organizations, here and abroad, to raise their game when it comes to climate coverage. We weren’t going to tell people what to write or broadcast; we just wanted them to do more coverage, and to do it better. \u003ci>Close the gap\u003c/i>, we urged them, \u003ci>between the size of the story and the ambition of your efforts. Try it for a week, then report back on what you learned\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had a hunch that there was a critical mass of reporters and news outlets that wanted to do more climate coverage, and hoped that by highlighting that critical mass, we could also help to grow it. That’s exactly what has happened. Our initiative has been embraced by more than 250 news outlets from across the US and around the world—big outlets and small, print and digital, TV and radio—with a combined audience of well over 1 billion people. Their response has been amazing, and gratifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe that Covering Climate Now is the biggest effort ever undertaken to organize the world’s press around a single topic. (You’ll find a list of partners \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveringclimatenow.org/partners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>, and you can follow all of us on Twitter at #CoveringClimateNow.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our week of focused climate coverage began yesterday and will continue through next Monday, September 23, the day of the United Nations Climate Action Summit in New York. \u003cem>(KQED’s coverage will continue through September 27.)\u003c/em> And there’s more to come after this week is over; the climate story is not going away, so neither are we. We’ll be talking to our newsroom partners about what they learned this week, what they need to continue the momentum, what they can learn from one another, and where we go from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"244\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\">\u003c/a>We are thrilled that Covering Climate Now has flourished. Yet what has also become clear in the five months since we began this effort is the enormous amount of work that remains to be done in order for the media to get this story right. In talking with dozens of reporters, producers, editors, we’ve learned a lot about the ambitions that newsrooms have for improving their climate coverage, but we’ve also seen where roadblocks remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the scientists have been telling us with increasing urgency, humanity’s window to transform our world is shrinking fast. Transforming the news media is fundamental to achieving that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What misconceptions remain? What’s keeping newsrooms from doing more? Here are some roadblocks that stood out in our conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We Don’t Know Where to Start\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our most sobering conversations came during a meeting inside one of the world’s biggest news organizations, with a group of people asked by their boss to improve their climate coverage. These people were eager to embrace our project and had the resources to do it. But they had no idea how to begin: Where do we come up with story ideas? Who should our sources be? Can you help us think this through? Their response stunned us, given the size of the newsroom around us, but it reminded us early on in this process that in many cases, we’re starting from scratch. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/special_report/climate-change-media.php\">We’ve written before\u003c/a>, critically, about why this should not be the case, about how the media’s avoidance of the climate story has been an epic fail. Going forward, our focus will be on helping this newsroom, and others like it, get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Our Viewers Will Think We’re Activists\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many journalists and news executives continue to see climate coverage as political, and worry that more coverage will be seen as activism. We heard it from numerous newsrooms, and not just in those places where climate-denying politicians still hold sway. We think this concern distorts what newsgathering is about. Journalism has always been about righting wrongs, holding the powerful to account, calling out lies. It is in our best traditions to shine a light on our most vexing problems, in order to help fix them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>It’s Too Late; The Problem is Too Big for Us To Make Any Difference\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good journalism often makes things happen, though not always on the timeline we’d like—if at all. The public doesn’t respond; readers feel powerless; entrenched players outmaneuver reporters. That is part of how it works, too. But few reporters would still do the work if they believed it made no difference. It’s our journalistic responsibility to convey what is happening and why, as well as who is trying to fix it, and how. That’s our job as storytellers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Readers Will Find This Depressing and Tune Out\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News organizations that have embraced climate coverage find that audiences—particularly younger viewers, listeners, and readers—are, in fact, enormously engaged in the coverage. They may get angry or energized or organized by climate stories, but they don’t tune them out. It is a strange time when journalism’s leaders argue against covering a subject that’s undeniably important simply because they’re worried their audience may find it challenging. Is this really where you want your newsroom to be?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We’re Already Pulling Our Weight\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of media outlets—not enough, but a number—that already are producing excellent climate coverage. (Our lead media partner, \u003ci>The Guardian,\u003c/i> is at the top of that list.) But others declined to join this effort because they didn’t see how it would help them; they already know the climate story, and believe they are covering it aggressively. We found those responses disappointing. This is a chance for big media organizations to lead, and to help others along. The climate story stretches across all journalistic beats; it demands that we dismantle the usual siloes. Covering it well may require a bit of cooperation and collaboration that is antithetical to how we usually work. Take this on as a problem that is bigger than your own newsroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these challenges are surmountable. Throughout this week, you’ll hear from hundreds of newsrooms that have overcome them. Two hundred and fifty media organizations, more than 1 billion people. Those are big numbers. And they are just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Columbia Journalism Review\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Nation\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with Covering Climate Now, \u003c/em>\u003cem>a global \u003c/em>\u003cem>collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to \u003c/em>\u003cem>strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mark Hertsgaard, The Nation’s environment correspondent, has covered climate change since 1989. His books include “On Bended Knee: The Press And The Reagan Presidency,” “Earth Odyssey: Around The World In Search Of Our Environmental Future,” and “HOT: Living Through The Next Fifty Years On Earth.” Kyle Pope is the editor and publisher of Columbia Journalism Review.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Someday you could slice into a steak from a Petri dish, or savor sashimi from a test tube. By growing meat in labs, a slew of Bay Area startups promise a future of tasty dishes for carnivores without making billions of animals suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ju.st/en-us\">Just Inc.\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://finlessfoods.com/\">Finless Foods\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.memphismeats.com/\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a> are making beef, pork, poultry and seafood by harvesting cells from muscle tissue instead of living animals. Others like \u003ca href=\"https://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://geltor.com/\">Geltor\u003c/a> ferment yeast cells to make egg whites and collagen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, teams from many of these companies gathered to discuss this trend at the \u003ca href=\"https://goodfoodconference.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Good Food Conference \u003c/a>in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make cultured meat, companies use techniques very similar to what doctors do to help burn victims heal. Physicians take skin grafts, replicate the cells outside the body and add the new cells back to the wound. The biggest difference with growing cultured meat is the result. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists begin with a biopsy of animal muscle tissue. Technicians collect stem cells from the tissue, multiply them dramatically and allow them to differentiate into fibers that eventually bulk up and form muscle tissue. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voila! Sirloin without a slaughterhouse. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Well, not yet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For now, companies focus on ground products like chicken nuggets, sausages and hamburger. This first line of offerings will likely include fillers, flavors and additives to help lab grown meat look, taste and feel the way people expect it to. Before scientists can create pork chops and filet mignon, they must learn how to design and replicate blood vessels. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Yuck…to Yum!?!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers’ aversion to genetic engineering and artificial flavors in food could make it tricky to market lab-grown meat. Cultured meat companies are quick to point out that labs allow much more control over flavor and food safety than farms do. Also, their products could save farm animals from enormous suffering and help the planet by reducing the number of methane-producing cattle and other livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farms generate a hefty carbon footprint. Raising animals in California \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/tables/ghg_inventory_sector_sum_2000-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emits 8 percent\u003c/a> of the state’s total greenhouse gases. That’s more than all the state’s oil refineries combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In theory, lab-grown meat is a sensible solution because it removes the need for vast acres of land to grow cattle, chickens and pigs. Not to mention chemical fertilizers that pollute air and water. That said,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the environmental reality is much less certain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00005/full\"> new study\u003c/a> suggests lab-grown meat could accelerate climate change more than regular beef does. The claims, pro and con, are based on theoretical models. We won’t know what cultured meat on a commercial scale requires until labs are able to feed large populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Can I Order a Lab-Grown Burger?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area CEOs promise their products will be ready for public consumption in a year or two. Industry buzz suggests that’ll happen in Asia first. In countries like Singapore and Japan – where land is limited and meat imports are very expensive – excitement is brewing. Asian cultures tend to embrace, instead of scoff, novel foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the industry faces significant scientific, regulatory, manufacturing, economic and cultural hurdles before it catches on in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no proof that producing meat in labs could endanger human health, but the federal Food and Drug Administration would need to regulate an entirely new industry. There’s also pushback from traditional farmers and ranchers who argue vehemently against labeling these products as meat. Marketers will have to coax consumers past the gross-out factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, companies need to create a commercially viable product. Mark Post, the co-founder of Mosa Meat, developed the first lab-grown burger in 2013. That patty cost $300,000. Prices have dropped a lot since then, but not to a level that can compete with U.S. beef on the hoof. For all these reasons, food industry skeptics suggest it will be at least a decade or even two before diners can order cultured meat on local menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Someday you could slice into a steak from a Petri dish, or savor sashimi from a test tube. By growing meat in labs, a slew of Bay Area startups promise a future of tasty dishes for carnivores without making billions of animals suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ju.st/en-us\">Just Inc.\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://finlessfoods.com/\">Finless Foods\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.memphismeats.com/\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a> are making beef, pork, poultry and seafood by harvesting cells from muscle tissue instead of living animals. Others like \u003ca href=\"https://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://geltor.com/\">Geltor\u003c/a> ferment yeast cells to make egg whites and collagen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, teams from many of these companies gathered to discuss this trend at the \u003ca href=\"https://goodfoodconference.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Good Food Conference \u003c/a>in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To make cultured meat, companies use techniques very similar to what doctors do to help burn victims heal. Physicians take skin grafts, replicate the cells outside the body and add the new cells back to the wound. The biggest difference with growing cultured meat is the result. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists begin with a biopsy of animal muscle tissue. Technicians collect stem cells from the tissue, multiply them dramatically and allow them to differentiate into fibers that eventually bulk up and form muscle tissue. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Voila! Sirloin without a slaughterhouse. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Well, not yet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For now, companies focus on ground products like chicken nuggets, sausages and hamburger. This first line of offerings will likely include fillers, flavors and additives to help lab grown meat look, taste and feel the way people expect it to. Before scientists can create pork chops and filet mignon, they must learn how to design and replicate blood vessels. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Yuck…to Yum!?!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers’ aversion to genetic engineering and artificial flavors in food could make it tricky to market lab-grown meat. Cultured meat companies are quick to point out that labs allow much more control over flavor and food safety than farms do. Also, their products could save farm animals from enormous suffering and help the planet by reducing the number of methane-producing cattle and other livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farms generate a hefty carbon footprint. Raising animals in California \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/tables/ghg_inventory_sector_sum_2000-17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emits 8 percent\u003c/a> of the state’s total greenhouse gases. That’s more than all the state’s oil refineries combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In theory, lab-grown meat is a sensible solution because it removes the need for vast acres of land to grow cattle, chickens and pigs. Not to mention chemical fertilizers that pollute air and water. That said,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the environmental reality is much less certain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00005/full\"> new study\u003c/a> suggests lab-grown meat could accelerate climate change more than regular beef does. The claims, pro and con, are based on theoretical models. We won’t know what cultured meat on a commercial scale requires until labs are able to feed large populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Can I Order a Lab-Grown Burger?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area CEOs promise their products will be ready for public consumption in a year or two. Industry buzz suggests that’ll happen in Asia first. In countries like Singapore and Japan – where land is limited and meat imports are very expensive – excitement is brewing. Asian cultures tend to embrace, instead of scoff, novel foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the industry faces significant scientific, regulatory, manufacturing, economic and cultural hurdles before it catches on in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no proof that producing meat in labs could endanger human health, but the federal Food and Drug Administration would need to regulate an entirely new industry. There’s also pushback from traditional farmers and ranchers who argue vehemently against labeling these products as meat. Marketers will have to coax consumers past the gross-out factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, companies need to create a commercially viable product. Mark Post, the co-founder of Mosa Meat, developed the first lab-grown burger in 2013. That patty cost $300,000. Prices have dropped a lot since then, but not to a level that can compete with U.S. beef on the hoof. For all these reasons, food industry skeptics suggest it will be at least a decade or even two before diners can order cultured meat on local menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Jonathan Franzen Says It's Too Late For Us on Climate Change. Scientists Immediately Push Back",
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"content": "\u003cp>The climate apocalypse is coming and there’s nothing we can do to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least that’s the thesis of writer Jonathan Franzen, whose recent essay in The New Yorker — “\u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/what-if-we-stopped-pretending\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What if We Stopped Pretending?\u003c/a>” — tapped into fear of a climate apocalypse that many people are grappling with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the wake of Franzen’s piece, published on the magazine’s website Sunday, climate scientists, advocates and journalists quickly took to social media to pick apart his interpretation of the current scientific outlook, and his framing of the world’s goal of reducing carbon emissions to the point of staving off global catastrophe as nearly impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The goal has been clear for thirty years, and despite earnest efforts we’ve made essentially no progress toward reaching it. Today, the scientific evidence verges on irrefutable. If you’re younger than sixty, you have a good chance of witnessing the radical destabilization of life on earth—massive crop failures, apocalyptic fires, imploding economies, epic flooding, hundreds of millions of refugees fleeing regions made uninhabitable by extreme heat or permanent drought. If you’re under thirty, you’re all but guaranteed to witness it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Critics of the piece were quick to assert that Franzen’s argument is based upon misreading reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and prominent scientific journals like \u003cem>Nature.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A particular sticking point for some was Franzen’s assertion that roughly 2 degrees Celsius of warming above preindustrial levels represents a tipping point from which there is no coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Hecht, the co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/centers/environmental-law/emmett-institute-on-climate-change-and-the-environment/main/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment\u003c/a> at UCLA Law School, responded on Twitter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/seanhecht/status/1170742396264402945\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Kammen, a UC Berkeley climate physicist and co-author of previous IPCC reports, says the reality is not that black and white. “No one has a precise year, has a precise number, that if you exceed this all hope is lost,” he said. “That is just not the scientific fact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just really unfortunate because it doesn’t reflect any of the current science. It’s as if he ignored the comments of the IPCC reports,” Kammen said. “This piece clearly got no fact checking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen argues that in order to collectively make a go at averting all-out disaster, “The first condition is that every one of the world’s major polluting countries institute draconian conservation measures, shut down much of its energy and transportation infrastructure, and completely retool its economy.\u003cem>“\u003c/em> He adds: “Call me a pessimist or call me a humanist, but I don’t see human nature fundamentally changing anytime soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Kammen says, it’s far from a given that 1.5 or 2 degrees of warming is unpreventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the U.S. is ignoring this, the rest of the world is proceeding,” Kammen said. And within the U.S., he pointed out, California, New York and New Mexico are making significant progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With advances in electric vehicles, energy storage, and solar and wind power, Kammen said, “the technology base to make it happen is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/leahstokes/status/1170734860534714368\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen’s essay does make a case for the benefits of reducing the world’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we can no longer hope to be saved from two degrees of warming,” he wrote, “there’s still a strong practical and ethical case for reducing carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Postponing what may be inevitable and mitigating the fallout of climate collapse are worthwhile pursuits, he says. As are investing in communities, local farming and conservation. But he also argues against putting all of our collective eggs (i.e., precious resources and hope) in a long-shot war against carbon when other, more addressable problems, such as water depletion and the overuse of pesticides, merit attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen writes that, “a false hope of salvation can be actively harmful.” Personal initiatives like biking to work and voting green, he says, may lure the public into a state of “complacency.” Instead, he argues, we should be preparing for life in a radically different — and hotter — future, where wildfires and floods persist and the threat of destabilization looms over civilization.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Doom and Gloom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Franzen’s critics say that kind of apocalyptic rhetoric can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the discussions of doom and gloom have not led to change we need,” said Rob Jackson, chair of Stanford University’s Earth Systems Science Department. “It almost relieves us of responsibility. If an apocalypse is inevitable, why should I do anything to stave it off, to minimize its effects? It reduces actions, rather than enhancing action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Jackson says he thinks Franzen is correct to point out that we need to better prepare for a changing world, “We are not locked into a Mad Max world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fallout from climate change is on a continuum, he says, and “Every tenth of a degree matters. Every tenth of a degree increases the chances of runaway permafrost melt and methane release. Every tenth of a degree will increase the amount of ice melt and sea level rise we face over the next millennium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know where all the tipping points are. A two degree threshold is an arbitrary threshold. The farther we go, the more likely we make it that catastrophic things will happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Franzen is right that climate is an existential threat, Jackson said, “so we should vote and act like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone thought Frazen’s arguments were completely off base. In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2019/09/jonathan-franzen-isnt-quite-right-but-he-has-a-point/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article \u003c/a>published Monday by Mother Jones, Kevin Drum points out that while the use of renewable energy sources is on the rise — up from 19 to 22 percent of the world’s energy capacity since 1990 — so is our dependence on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All told, our reliance on fossil fuels has increased from 62 percent to 65 percent,” Drum wrote. “We haven’t even managed to stabilize carbon emissions, let alone reduce them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Drum continues:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Franzen’s prescription is wrong: we shouldn’t give up hope. Success is still possible, even if it’s hardly certain. However, his assessment of human nature is something to be taken seriously and it should illuminate the way we approach climate change. Working with human nature is far more likely to produce results than fighting it, and that means finding new ways to make green energy cheap and plentiful instead of fruitlessly pleading with people to use less of it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here are a few more reactions from around the web prompted by Franzen’s essay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/article/4-corrections-for-jonathan-franzen-and-other-climate-cowards/\">4 corrections for Jonathan Franzen and other climate cowards\u003c/a> (Eve Andrews, Grist)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/09/what-jonathan-franzen-gets-wrong-ab\">Jonathan Franzen’s Climate Pessimism Is Justified. His Fatalism is Not.\u003c/a> (Eric Levitz, New York magazine)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com/article/climate-change-jonathan-franzen/\">Jonathan Franzen Pens Another Environmental Disaster Story\u003c/a> (Jeet Herr, The Nation)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The climate apocalypse is coming and there’s nothing we can do to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least that’s the thesis of writer Jonathan Franzen, whose recent essay in The New Yorker — “\u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/culture/cultural-comment/what-if-we-stopped-pretending\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What if We Stopped Pretending?\u003c/a>” — tapped into fear of a climate apocalypse that many people are grappling with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the wake of Franzen’s piece, published on the magazine’s website Sunday, climate scientists, advocates and journalists quickly took to social media to pick apart his interpretation of the current scientific outlook, and his framing of the world’s goal of reducing carbon emissions to the point of staving off global catastrophe as nearly impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The goal has been clear for thirty years, and despite earnest efforts we’ve made essentially no progress toward reaching it. Today, the scientific evidence verges on irrefutable. If you’re younger than sixty, you have a good chance of witnessing the radical destabilization of life on earth—massive crop failures, apocalyptic fires, imploding economies, epic flooding, hundreds of millions of refugees fleeing regions made uninhabitable by extreme heat or permanent drought. If you’re under thirty, you’re all but guaranteed to witness it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Critics of the piece were quick to assert that Franzen’s argument is based upon misreading reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and prominent scientific journals like \u003cem>Nature.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A particular sticking point for some was Franzen’s assertion that roughly 2 degrees Celsius of warming above preindustrial levels represents a tipping point from which there is no coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sean Hecht, the co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/centers/environmental-law/emmett-institute-on-climate-change-and-the-environment/main/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment\u003c/a> at UCLA Law School, responded on Twitter:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Daniel Kammen, a UC Berkeley climate physicist and co-author of previous IPCC reports, says the reality is not that black and white. “No one has a precise year, has a precise number, that if you exceed this all hope is lost,” he said. “That is just not the scientific fact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just really unfortunate because it doesn’t reflect any of the current science. It’s as if he ignored the comments of the IPCC reports,” Kammen said. “This piece clearly got no fact checking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen argues that in order to collectively make a go at averting all-out disaster, “The first condition is that every one of the world’s major polluting countries institute draconian conservation measures, shut down much of its energy and transportation infrastructure, and completely retool its economy.\u003cem>“\u003c/em> He adds: “Call me a pessimist or call me a humanist, but I don’t see human nature fundamentally changing anytime soon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Kammen says, it’s far from a given that 1.5 or 2 degrees of warming is unpreventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the U.S. is ignoring this, the rest of the world is proceeding,” Kammen said. And within the U.S., he pointed out, California, New York and New Mexico are making significant progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With advances in electric vehicles, energy storage, and solar and wind power, Kammen said, “the technology base to make it happen is there.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Franzen’s essay does make a case for the benefits of reducing the world’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we can no longer hope to be saved from two degrees of warming,” he wrote, “there’s still a strong practical and ethical case for reducing carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Postponing what may be inevitable and mitigating the fallout of climate collapse are worthwhile pursuits, he says. As are investing in communities, local farming and conservation. But he also argues against putting all of our collective eggs (i.e., precious resources and hope) in a long-shot war against carbon when other, more addressable problems, such as water depletion and the overuse of pesticides, merit attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franzen writes that, “a false hope of salvation can be actively harmful.” Personal initiatives like biking to work and voting green, he says, may lure the public into a state of “complacency.” Instead, he argues, we should be preparing for life in a radically different — and hotter — future, where wildfires and floods persist and the threat of destabilization looms over civilization.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Doom and Gloom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Franzen’s critics say that kind of apocalyptic rhetoric can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the discussions of doom and gloom have not led to change we need,” said Rob Jackson, chair of Stanford University’s Earth Systems Science Department. “It almost relieves us of responsibility. If an apocalypse is inevitable, why should I do anything to stave it off, to minimize its effects? It reduces actions, rather than enhancing action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Jackson says he thinks Franzen is correct to point out that we need to better prepare for a changing world, “We are not locked into a Mad Max world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fallout from climate change is on a continuum, he says, and “Every tenth of a degree matters. Every tenth of a degree increases the chances of runaway permafrost melt and methane release. Every tenth of a degree will increase the amount of ice melt and sea level rise we face over the next millennium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know where all the tipping points are. A two degree threshold is an arbitrary threshold. The farther we go, the more likely we make it that catastrophic things will happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Franzen is right that climate is an existential threat, Jackson said, “so we should vote and act like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone thought Frazen’s arguments were completely off base. In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2019/09/jonathan-franzen-isnt-quite-right-but-he-has-a-point/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article \u003c/a>published Monday by Mother Jones, Kevin Drum points out that while the use of renewable energy sources is on the rise — up from 19 to 22 percent of the world’s energy capacity since 1990 — so is our dependence on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All told, our reliance on fossil fuels has increased from 62 percent to 65 percent,” Drum wrote. “We haven’t even managed to stabilize carbon emissions, let alone reduce them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Drum continues:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Franzen’s prescription is wrong: we shouldn’t give up hope. Success is still possible, even if it’s hardly certain. However, his assessment of human nature is something to be taken seriously and it should illuminate the way we approach climate change. Working with human nature is far more likely to produce results than fighting it, and that means finding new ways to make green energy cheap and plentiful instead of fruitlessly pleading with people to use less of it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here are a few more reactions from around the web prompted by Franzen’s essay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://grist.org/article/4-corrections-for-jonathan-franzen-and-other-climate-cowards/\">4 corrections for Jonathan Franzen and other climate cowards\u003c/a> (Eve Andrews, Grist)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2019/09/what-jonathan-franzen-gets-wrong-ab\">Jonathan Franzen’s Climate Pessimism Is Justified. His Fatalism is Not.\u003c/a> (Eric Levitz, New York magazine)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thenation.com/article/climate-change-jonathan-franzen/\">Jonathan Franzen Pens Another Environmental Disaster Story\u003c/a> (Jeet Herr, The Nation)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Video: Biden, Warren, Other Candidates Discuss Climate Change at CNN Town Hall",
"headTitle": "Video: Biden, Warren, Other Candidates Discuss Climate Change at CNN Town Hall | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Top Democratic presidential contenders talked tough Wednesday on cutting climate-damaging emissions from oil, gas and coal, turning their focus to global warming in a marathon evening of town halls that gave the candidates a chance to distinguish themselves on a topic of growing importance to their party’s liberal base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVD2YSdbjkw&t=1s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lengthy climate conversations promised to hand Republicans ammunition for next year’s general election fight by emphasizing one common element in the Democrats’ climate change plans: their overwhelming — and overwhelmingly costly — scope. But the 10 Democrats who participated in the seven-hour series of climate change forums on CNN didn’t shy away from making sweeping promises to reshape the American economy in service of what their party’s grassroots supporters see as the paramount goal of averting global warming’s most devastating effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside link1='https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2019/09/05/climate-crisis-town-halls-best-moments-llr-orig.cnn,Highlights from more of the candidates']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a moral responsibility to act and act boldly. And to do that, yes, it is going to be expensive,” said Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, who billed his $16 trillion climate change plan as a necessary response to scientists’ calls for dramatic cuts to carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Joe Biden took a more pragmatic view than Sanders, even as he defended his own climate proposal as “aggressive enough” to meet the challenge. Biden, who has held an early lead in the Democratic primary, has pledged to regulate the oilfield production method known as hydraulic fracturing — though not abolish it, as some rivals have — and said Wednesday that he doubted an outright ban could be feasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=go_ELOsVPWg&t=26s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After facing sharp questions about his plans to attend a Thursday fundraiser hosted by the co-founder of a natural gas company, Biden defended his decision as consistent with a pledge he signed to turn away any contributions from fossil fuel executives or lobbyists. The energy investor in question, his former aide Andrew Goldman, is described in a company press release as “a long-term investor in the liquefied natural gas sector.”\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Sen. Kamala Harris vowed that, as president, she would ban hydraulic fracturing, also called fracking, and take other steps to cut fossil fuel emissions, regardless of whether Republicans cooperated. Harris said she would eliminate the Senate filibuster, if necessary, to get liberal Democrats’ sweeping Green New Deal proposal passed with a simple majority vote — a significant move from a candidate who had previously stopped short of a pledge to change congressional procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In targeting oil and gas and coal production, “this is a fight against powerful interests,” Harris said. “It’s lead, follow or get out of the way … starting with Donald Trump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders declined to support a full end to the filibuster, asserting that he could get climate change legislation through Congress without needing to eliminate the Senate’s 60-vote requirement for many bills by using a procedural maneuver that the GOP most recently used in 2017 to pass massive tax legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7TjxOkbP3U\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All 10 candidates have proposed plans starting at $1 trillion for investment and research designed to wean the U.S. economy off oil, gas and coal by mid-century, with varying focuses on sharp emissions cuts and technological solutions, among other measures. Former Housing Secretary Julián Castro led off the town halls, defending his own decision to stop short of endorsing a national fracking ban by saying that natural gas — some of it from fracking — had served as a bridge while the economy moves to renewable energy sources like solar and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the extreme weather over the summer to illustrate the urgency of the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see that now with Hurricane Dorian,” said Castro, who joined Biden, New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker and Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar in calling for regulating but not completely ending fracking. “The Arctic ice caps melting. The Amazon on fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump began tweeting almost as soon as the forums kicked off, calling Democrats’ proposals to address climate change unnecessary and costly.\u003cbr>\n“The Democrats’ destructive “environmental” proposals will raise your energy bill and prices at the pump,” Trump warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates suggested, at turns throughout the night, an array of smaller-scale ideas to limit emissions — from banning plastic straws to adjusting dietary guidelines to washing clothes in cold water. Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, for her part, brushed aside questions about those lifestyle changes by noting that the resulting public debate is “what the fossil fuel industry wants us” to engage in while they remain considerable contributors to carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The candidates also differed on the issue of nuclear power, which currently generates an estimated one-fifth of U.S. electricity. Warren said she would seek to gradually phase the nation away from nuclear power if she’s elected. Sanders would seek to eliminate it outright, while Biden’s and Booker’s plans leave room for nuclear to remain a power-generation option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who think that we can get there without nuclear being part of the blend just aren’t looking at the facts,” Booker said.\u003cbr>\nPete Buttigieg spoke broadly about addressing climate change not just as an economic issue but also as a moral and national security imperative. The Afghanistan War veteran proposed that the military should be “leading the way” in solving the issue, by making sure bases are carbon neutral and by purchasing zero-emissions vehicles, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats spent the run-up to the town halls burnishing their environmental credentials, with five candidates releasing in-depth proposals to slash carbon emissions. Sanders went further, challenging his rivals for the party’s presidential nomination to join him in supporting a full ban on fracking, which is strongly opposed by most environmentalists who view it as an unmanageable risk to local water and air quality as well as the broader climate.\u003cbr>\n___\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press writer Alexandra Jaffe in Des Moines, Iowa, contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a moral responsibility to act and act boldly. And to do that, yes, it is going to be expensive,” said Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, who billed his $16 trillion climate change plan as a necessary response to scientists’ calls for dramatic cuts to carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Joe Biden took a more pragmatic view than Sanders, even as he defended his own climate proposal as “aggressive enough” to meet the challenge. Biden, who has held an early lead in the Democratic primary, has pledged to regulate the oilfield production method known as hydraulic fracturing — though not abolish it, as some rivals have — and said Wednesday that he doubted an outright ban could be feasible.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/go_ELOsVPWg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/go_ELOsVPWg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>After facing sharp questions about his plans to attend a Thursday fundraiser hosted by the co-founder of a natural gas company, Biden defended his decision as consistent with a pledge he signed to turn away any contributions from fossil fuel executives or lobbyists. The energy investor in question, his former aide Andrew Goldman, is described in a company press release as “a long-term investor in the liquefied natural gas sector.”\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Sen. Kamala Harris vowed that, as president, she would ban hydraulic fracturing, also called fracking, and take other steps to cut fossil fuel emissions, regardless of whether Republicans cooperated. Harris said she would eliminate the Senate filibuster, if necessary, to get liberal Democrats’ sweeping Green New Deal proposal passed with a simple majority vote — a significant move from a candidate who had previously stopped short of a pledge to change congressional procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In targeting oil and gas and coal production, “this is a fight against powerful interests,” Harris said. “It’s lead, follow or get out of the way … starting with Donald Trump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanders declined to support a full end to the filibuster, asserting that he could get climate change legislation through Congress without needing to eliminate the Senate’s 60-vote requirement for many bills by using a procedural maneuver that the GOP most recently used in 2017 to pass massive tax legislation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/I7TjxOkbP3U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/I7TjxOkbP3U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>All 10 candidates have proposed plans starting at $1 trillion for investment and research designed to wean the U.S. economy off oil, gas and coal by mid-century, with varying focuses on sharp emissions cuts and technological solutions, among other measures. Former Housing Secretary Julián Castro led off the town halls, defending his own decision to stop short of endorsing a national fracking ban by saying that natural gas — some of it from fracking — had served as a bridge while the economy moves to renewable energy sources like solar and wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the extreme weather over the summer to illustrate the urgency of the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see that now with Hurricane Dorian,” said Castro, who joined Biden, New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker and Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar in calling for regulating but not completely ending fracking. “The Arctic ice caps melting. The Amazon on fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump began tweeting almost as soon as the forums kicked off, calling Democrats’ proposals to address climate change unnecessary and costly.\u003cbr>\n“The Democrats’ destructive “environmental” proposals will raise your energy bill and prices at the pump,” Trump warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates suggested, at turns throughout the night, an array of smaller-scale ideas to limit emissions — from banning plastic straws to adjusting dietary guidelines to washing clothes in cold water. Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren, for her part, brushed aside questions about those lifestyle changes by noting that the resulting public debate is “what the fossil fuel industry wants us” to engage in while they remain considerable contributors to carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The candidates also differed on the issue of nuclear power, which currently generates an estimated one-fifth of U.S. electricity. Warren said she would seek to gradually phase the nation away from nuclear power if she’s elected. Sanders would seek to eliminate it outright, while Biden’s and Booker’s plans leave room for nuclear to remain a power-generation option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People who think that we can get there without nuclear being part of the blend just aren’t looking at the facts,” Booker said.\u003cbr>\nPete Buttigieg spoke broadly about addressing climate change not just as an economic issue but also as a moral and national security imperative. The Afghanistan War veteran proposed that the military should be “leading the way” in solving the issue, by making sure bases are carbon neutral and by purchasing zero-emissions vehicles, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats spent the run-up to the town halls burnishing their environmental credentials, with five candidates releasing in-depth proposals to slash carbon emissions. Sanders went further, challenging his rivals for the party’s presidential nomination to join him in supporting a full ban on fracking, which is strongly opposed by most environmentalists who view it as an unmanageable risk to local water and air quality as well as the broader climate.\u003cbr>\n___\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press writer Alexandra Jaffe in Des Moines, Iowa, contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trees Are Key to Fighting Urban Heat — But Poorer Areas Keep Losing Them",
"headTitle": "Trees Are Key to Fighting Urban Heat — But Poorer Areas Keep Losing Them | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Annie Haigler steps out of her home in Louisville, Ky., pulling a handkerchief out of her pocket to dab sweat off her forehead. She enjoys sitting on her porch, especially to watch the sunrise. She has always been a morning person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the day progresses, the heat can be unbearable for her. On summer days like this, when highs reach into the 90s, the lack of trees in her neighborhood is hard for Haigler to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I’m accustomed to trees doing: They bring comfort. You don’t notice it, you don’t think about it. But they bring comfort to you,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree cover in her neighborhood, Park DuValle, is about \u003ca href=\"https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/community_forestry/community_foresty_files/louisvilleutcreport-24march2015_draft.pdf\">half the city average\u003c/a>. As one of the lower-income areas of Louisville, it’s in line with a citywide trend: Wealthier areas of the city have \u003ca href=\"https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/community_forestry/community_foresty_files/louisvilleutcreport-24march2015_draft.pdf\">up to twice\u003c/a> as many trees as do poorer areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees can play a huge role in the health of people living in cities, but across the country, cities are losing millions of trees year after year. And many poor urban neighborhoods — often home to a city’s most vulnerable — are starting at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we show you a map of tree canopy in virtually any city in America, we’re also showing you a map of income,” says Jad Daley, president and CEO of the nonprofit American Forests. “And in many cases we’re showing you a map of race and ethnicity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of tree cover can make a neighborhood hotter, and a joint investigation by NPR and the University of Maryland’s Howard Center for Investigative Journalism found just that: Low-income areas in dozens of major U.S. cities are more likely to be hotter than their wealthier counterparts, and those areas are disproportionately communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you live in an area in cities that is seeing more extreme heat days, but you don’t have tree cover to cool down your neighborhood, that can literally be a life or death issue,” says Daley. “The folks who are least likely to have air conditioning to weather heat waves, the folks who are most likely to have preexisting health conditions that put them at greater risk from those heat waves, aren’t getting the benefits of trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://wfpl.org/louisville-needs-more-trees-curb-fast-growing-urban-heat-island-effect-researcher-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study by the Georgia Institute of Technology\u003c/a> found Louisville to be getting hotter faster than any of the other 50 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, compared with the rural areas around them. One reason cities tend to be hotter? Fewer trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisville is losing \u003ca href=\"https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/community_forestry/community_foresty_files/louisvilleutcreport-24march2015_draft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">54,000 trees\u003c/a> each year from development, natural disasters, disease, invasive species and lack of tree care. And it’s not alone. From 2009 to 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2018/nrs_2018_nowak_005.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">44 states\u003c/a> lost tree cover in urban areas — that’s around 28.5 million trees lost every year, according to the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake, we are losing trees all around the U.S., and cities are struggling to keep up with restoring and establishing a healthy, thriving tree canopy,” says Dan Lambe, president of the Arbor Day Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In Keeping Neighborhoods Cool, Money Matters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Louisville, St. James Court is an oasis: A fountain bubbles in the center of a scenic boulevard. There are few spots left unshaded by the dense tree canopy that stretches overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maintaining the quarter-mile stretch of land will cost around $20,000 this year, according to the St. James Court Association. That money comes from the annual St. James Court Art Show. Not all neighborhoods can afford that kind of tree maintenance, and neither can the city government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisville is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2019/03/01/what-to-know-louisville-budget-crisis-2019/3002382002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$35 million budget deficit\u003c/a>, which has already resulted in cuts to libraries, pools and firehouses. The city also eliminated the Office of Sustainability, which was coordinating tree planting and heat island issues in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the city estimates it has planted and donated nearly 30,000 trees since 2013. That ends up being more than 5,000 trees on average each year — not nearly enough to make up for the more than 50,000 lost annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to wrestle with this great American challenge, right? People want everything but they don’t want to pay for anything,” says Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer. When it comes to increasing tree cover, “city government is not going to be able to do all that by itself,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Koetter, the former director of the Office of Sustainability, says one of the reasons sustainability initiatives can lack political support and resources is that their benefits often aren’t immediate. That is especially true, she says, when it comes to trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a tree, you plant it now, it won’t hit a 30-foot crown for 15 years,” says Koetter. “A lot of that work of today is about a future payoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Instead of giving pills, we plant trees”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one Louisville neighborhood, a team of researchers is trying to prove that trees are just as important to the health of people in cities as are widely accepted practices like building codes and water treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Green Heart Project — a multimillion-dollar effort funded in large part by the National Institutes of Health and the Nature Conservancy — is starting to plant fully grown trees, as tall as 30 feet, in a test area within the city. The five-year study will measure health indicators, particularly those for heart health, for around 700 participants, half of whom will be living under the shade of those new trees. The other half will be part of a control group, who live where new trees haven’t yet been planted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea was to run this whole project as a clinical trial, but instead of giving pills, we plant trees,” says Aruni Bhatnagar, director of the University of Louisville’s Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, which is leading the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond cooling a city’s temperature down, which on its own can improve health, trees have been linked in prior studies to myriad positive health outcomes: longer life spans, lower levels of stress, better air quality and lower rates of cardiac disease. But Bhatnagar says those studies haven’t been enough to get city leaders to prioritize trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to convince other cities that this is worth doing,” says Bhatnagar. “Design cities and neighborhoods that first think about health, not last. That should be the first consideration before you put a single brick into a neighborhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trees+Are+Key+To+Fighting+Urban+Heat+%E2%80%94+But+Cities+Keep+Losing+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Trees are one of the best ways to fight deadly urban heat, but U.S. cities lose millions every year. And many low-income areas are starting at a disadvantage.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Annie Haigler steps out of her home in Louisville, Ky., pulling a handkerchief out of her pocket to dab sweat off her forehead. She enjoys sitting on her porch, especially to watch the sunrise. She has always been a morning person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the day progresses, the heat can be unbearable for her. On summer days like this, when highs reach into the 90s, the lack of trees in her neighborhood is hard for Haigler to ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what I’m accustomed to trees doing: They bring comfort. You don’t notice it, you don’t think about it. But they bring comfort to you,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree cover in her neighborhood, Park DuValle, is about \u003ca href=\"https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/community_forestry/community_foresty_files/louisvilleutcreport-24march2015_draft.pdf\">half the city average\u003c/a>. As one of the lower-income areas of Louisville, it’s in line with a citywide trend: Wealthier areas of the city have \u003ca href=\"https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/community_forestry/community_foresty_files/louisvilleutcreport-24march2015_draft.pdf\">up to twice\u003c/a> as many trees as do poorer areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees can play a huge role in the health of people living in cities, but across the country, cities are losing millions of trees year after year. And many poor urban neighborhoods — often home to a city’s most vulnerable — are starting at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we show you a map of tree canopy in virtually any city in America, we’re also showing you a map of income,” says Jad Daley, president and CEO of the nonprofit American Forests. “And in many cases we’re showing you a map of race and ethnicity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of tree cover can make a neighborhood hotter, and a joint investigation by NPR and the University of Maryland’s Howard Center for Investigative Journalism found just that: Low-income areas in dozens of major U.S. cities are more likely to be hotter than their wealthier counterparts, and those areas are disproportionately communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you live in an area in cities that is seeing more extreme heat days, but you don’t have tree cover to cool down your neighborhood, that can literally be a life or death issue,” says Daley. “The folks who are least likely to have air conditioning to weather heat waves, the folks who are most likely to have preexisting health conditions that put them at greater risk from those heat waves, aren’t getting the benefits of trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://wfpl.org/louisville-needs-more-trees-curb-fast-growing-urban-heat-island-effect-researcher-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study by the Georgia Institute of Technology\u003c/a> found Louisville to be getting hotter faster than any of the other 50 largest U.S. metropolitan areas, compared with the rural areas around them. One reason cities tend to be hotter? Fewer trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisville is losing \u003ca href=\"https://louisvilleky.gov/sites/default/files/community_forestry/community_foresty_files/louisvilleutcreport-24march2015_draft.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">54,000 trees\u003c/a> each year from development, natural disasters, disease, invasive species and lack of tree care. And it’s not alone. From 2009 to 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/2018/nrs_2018_nowak_005.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">44 states\u003c/a> lost tree cover in urban areas — that’s around 28.5 million trees lost every year, according to the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake, we are losing trees all around the U.S., and cities are struggling to keep up with restoring and establishing a healthy, thriving tree canopy,” says Dan Lambe, president of the Arbor Day Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In Keeping Neighborhoods Cool, Money Matters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Louisville, St. James Court is an oasis: A fountain bubbles in the center of a scenic boulevard. There are few spots left unshaded by the dense tree canopy that stretches overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maintaining the quarter-mile stretch of land will cost around $20,000 this year, according to the St. James Court Association. That money comes from the annual St. James Court Art Show. Not all neighborhoods can afford that kind of tree maintenance, and neither can the city government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Louisville is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/metro-government/2019/03/01/what-to-know-louisville-budget-crisis-2019/3002382002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$35 million budget deficit\u003c/a>, which has already resulted in cuts to libraries, pools and firehouses. The city also eliminated the Office of Sustainability, which was coordinating tree planting and heat island issues in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the city estimates it has planted and donated nearly 30,000 trees since 2013. That ends up being more than 5,000 trees on average each year — not nearly enough to make up for the more than 50,000 lost annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to wrestle with this great American challenge, right? People want everything but they don’t want to pay for anything,” says Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer. When it comes to increasing tree cover, “city government is not going to be able to do all that by itself,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Koetter, the former director of the Office of Sustainability, says one of the reasons sustainability initiatives can lack political support and resources is that their benefits often aren’t immediate. That is especially true, she says, when it comes to trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With a tree, you plant it now, it won’t hit a 30-foot crown for 15 years,” says Koetter. “A lot of that work of today is about a future payoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Instead of giving pills, we plant trees”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one Louisville neighborhood, a team of researchers is trying to prove that trees are just as important to the health of people in cities as are widely accepted practices like building codes and water treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Green Heart Project — a multimillion-dollar effort funded in large part by the National Institutes of Health and the Nature Conservancy — is starting to plant fully grown trees, as tall as 30 feet, in a test area within the city. The five-year study will measure health indicators, particularly those for heart health, for around 700 participants, half of whom will be living under the shade of those new trees. The other half will be part of a control group, who live where new trees haven’t yet been planted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea was to run this whole project as a clinical trial, but instead of giving pills, we plant trees,” says Aruni Bhatnagar, director of the University of Louisville’s Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, which is leading the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond cooling a city’s temperature down, which on its own can improve health, trees have been linked in prior studies to myriad positive health outcomes: longer life spans, lower levels of stress, better air quality and lower rates of cardiac disease. But Bhatnagar says those studies haven’t been enough to get city leaders to prioritize trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to convince other cities that this is worth doing,” says Bhatnagar. “Design cities and neighborhoods that first think about health, not last. That should be the first consideration before you put a single brick into a neighborhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trees+Are+Key+To+Fighting+Urban+Heat+%E2%80%94+But+Cities+Keep+Losing+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As Rising Heat Bakes U.S. Cities, The Poor Often Feel It Most",
"headTitle": "As Rising Heat Bakes U.S. Cities, The Poor Often Feel It Most | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When Shakira Franklin drives from West Baltimore to her job near the city’s Inner Harbor, she can feel the summer heat ease up like a fist loosening its grip.[aside postID=science_1944972,science_1934110]“I can actually feel me riding out of the heat. When I get to a certain place when I’m on my way, I’ll turn off my air and I’ll roll my windows down,” says Franklin. “It just seems like the sun is beaming down on this neighborhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin isn’t imagining that. Her neighborhood, Franklin Square, is hotter than about two-thirds of the other neighborhoods in Baltimore — about 6 degrees hotter than the city’s coolest neighborhood. It’s also in one of the city’s poorest communities, with more than one-third of residents living in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 671px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1947040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/baltimore.snip_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"671\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/baltimore.snip_.png 671w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/baltimore.snip_-160x152.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: NASA, Census Bureau \u003ccite>(Sean McMinn/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(Explore this information with NPR’s interactive tool \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Baltimore, the hottest areas tend to be the poorest and that pattern is not unusual. In dozens of major U.S. cities, low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be hotter than their wealthier counterparts, according to a joint investigation by NPR and the University of Maryland’s Howard Center for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exposed to that extra heat are often a city’s most vulnerable: the poorest and, our data show, disproportionately people of color. And living day after day in an environment that’s literally hotter isn’t just uncomfortable, it can have dire and sometimes deadly health consequences — a fact we found reflected in Baltimore’s soaring rates of emergency calls when the heat index spiked to dangerous levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a Howard Center analysis of U.S. census data and air temperature data obtained from Portland State University and the Science Museum of Virginia, the hottest neighborhoods in Baltimore can differ by as much as 10 degrees from the coolest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Baltimore is not an extreme case. NPR analyzed 97 of the most populous U.S. cities using the median household income from U.S. Census Bureau data and NASA’s thermal satellite images. In more than three-quarters of those cities, we found that where it’s hotter, it also tends to be poorer. And at least 69 had an even stronger relationship than Baltimore, the first city we mapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that as the planet warms, the urban poor in dozens of large U.S. cities will actually experience more heat than the wealthy, simply by virtue of where they live. And not only will more people get sick from rising temperatures in the future, we found they likely already are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-800x663.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-800x663.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-160x133.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-768x637.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_.png 831w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: NASA, Census Bureau \u003ccite>(Sean McMinn/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Before I Knew It, I Was Gasping For Air’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 2018 in Baltimore, when the heat index reached 103 degrees — the threshold deemed dangerous by the National Weather Service — EMS calls increased dramatically citywide for potentially fatal heat stroke. But calls increased for chronic conditions too: EMS calls for chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) increased by nearly 70%. Calls for respiratory distress increased by 20%. Calls for cardiac arrest rose by 80%. And those for high blood pressure more than doubled. Other conditions also spiked: psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and dehydration, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat affected residents citywide, but even when controlling for income by looking only at the patterns of Medicaid patients, there were differences across the city. From 2013 to 2018, Medicaid patients in Baltimore’s hottest areas visited the hospital at higher rates than Medicaid patients in the city’s coolest areas. The low-income patients in the city’s hot spots visited more often with several conditions, including asthma, COPD and heart disease, according to hospital inpatient and emergency room admissions data from Maryland’s Health Services Cost Review Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Franklin Square neighborhood of West Baltimore, Shakira Franklin knows the link between heat and health all too well. She says her asthma is triggered by heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday in July, Franklin says she was making the same drive she often makes from her home to the city’s harbor. A heat wave was gripping the city, with temperatures reaching 100 degrees and above. Franklin says she normally tries to stay inside on days like that, but she had to get to work. That’s when she had her first asthma attack in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before I knew it, I was gasping for air. It doesn’t even take me 10 minutes to get from home to my other job. Just like that,” says Franklin, who says an attack feels like drinking water through a pinched straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your windpipe is that straw and that water is the breaths you can take,” Franklin says. “You’re trying to bring your air through as much as you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in emergency departments near Baltimore’s hotter neighborhoods say they prepare each summer for an increase in heat-related conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times the heat played a factor in making a chronic condition acutely worse,” says Dr. Amit Chandra, chief of emergency medicine at the University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus. He says that’s especially true for cardiovascular conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worse your circulatory system is, the worse you are at getting cool,” Chandra says. A weak or damaged heart might struggle to pump extra blood to the skin so heat can radiate off the body. Even sweating, which also gets rid of heat by evaporation, can put stress on the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Respiratory conditions can become aggravated too, in part, because heat can actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrn/summer-article-clearing-the-air\">worsen air quality\u003c/a> and because conditions like asthma and COPD can be triggered by high heat and humidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandra says even looking at patients’ medical records wouldn’t necessarily tell the full story of how heat could be harming their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wouldn’t diagnose them at the end of the day with heat exhaustion or heat stroke necessarily unless their temperature went up,” Chandra says. “So there’s probably quite a few folks that are affected by the heat, and we’re not really tracking or measuring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of where they live, people in poverty \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/part2_ch2/en/\">are more vulnerable\u003c/a> to many chronic conditions, including some made worse by heat, like asthma and heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our patients are plagued by poverty, substance abuse and unfortunately some of the patients don’t have great access to health care,” says Dr. Reginald Brown, chair of emergency medicine at Bon Secours Hospital Baltimore in West Baltimore. “As far as the impact [of heat] to our patients, it’s just another thing that complicates their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The urban heat island\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Y-bVwPRy_no\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities in general tend to be hotter than their natural surroundings, thanks to a phenomenon known as the \u003ca href=\"https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/urban-heat-islands\">urban heat island\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have less green cover, you will almost always have higher temperatures, and greater exposure to heat,” says Brian Stone, director of the urban climate lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees provide shade, but they also cool the environment down through the evaporation of water from their leaves — a process similar to how humans sweat to cool down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you pave over an area, particularly if it had green plants, you have interrupted that cycle,” Stone says. “Not only have you sealed the surface, you have put a lid on it, so evaporation cannot happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavement — particularly if it’s black — absorbs heat and holds it in. At night, a city of more than 1 million people can be as much as \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/learn-about-heat-islands\">22 degrees warmer\u003c/a> than its surroundings. Even the buildings themselves, Stone says, can create a sort of canyon that traps heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these elements, Stone says it makes sense that many low-income areas are hotter than richer areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lower-income parts of the city tend to have less green cover,” Stone says. “That’s something that we see across a lot of cities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also not unusual, Stone says, for poorer areas to be located near “undesirable land uses” such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/traffic-atlanta-segregation.html\">nearby highways\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/04/15/pollution-is-substantially-worse-in-minority-neighborhoods-across-the-u-s/\">industrial areas\u003c/a>, which create even more heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern of who lives closer to those sources of heat is not just a matter of poor versus rich, it is also often a matter of black and brown versus white. Nationwide, many of the low-income communities NPR found to be hotter — often with fewer trees, more concrete and closer to highways and factories — are also communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t just a coincidence that communities of color end up in some of the most undesirable places,” says Miya Yoshitani, executive director of the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, which focuses on environmental justice issues affecting working-class Asian and Pacific Islander immigrant and refugee communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoshitani explains that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/19/498536077/interactive-redlining-map-zooms-in-on-americas-history-of-discrimination\">policies like redlining\u003c/a> — a practice, beginning in the 1930s and banned by the Fair Housing Act in 1968, in which neighborhoods were marked high risk for mortgage lenders in large part based on their racial makeup — forced people of color into less desirable areas. In Baltimore, the city’s hottest neighborhoods, many of which are predominantly African American, still \u003ca href=\"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=11/39.293/-76.677&city=baltimore-md&adview=full\">line up fairly consistently\u003c/a> with the neighborhoods marked “hazardous” on a 1937 map created by the Home Owners’ Loan Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People of color, African American communities, indigenous communities in the beginning and then immigrant communities as they came to the United States were not given a choice about where they could live, where they could raise their families, where they could work,” Yoshitani says. “Those choices were made for them and that legacy continues today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“They can’t escape it”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the majority of the cities NPR mapped, poverty was linked to heat, adding a second layer of risk to an already at-risk population. This is not only because poverty itself is a health hazard, but because poverty is also tied to other factors that can make it harder to get cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with money, of course, can do that a lot better than people with less money,” says Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says no one is immune to climate change, but wealthier people can more easily control their exposure to heat by using air conditioning — which on its own \u003ca href=\"https://climate.org/cooling-your-home-but-warming-the-planet-how-we-can-stop-air-conditioning-from-worsening-climate-change/\">contributes to climate change\u003c/a> — or even by moving to a cooler part of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, the folks with less money, they’re going to be in their one home. And they’re going to have to deal with the conditions in their one home,” Benjamin says. “If they’re going to be in an area where it’s real hot, they’re going to have to find other ways to adapt, but they can’t escape it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urban poor, already often in hotter environments and already at higher risk for health problems, will have a harder time escaping climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the most significant public health problem that we have. It’s going to be here for a long time. And it’s getting worse,” Benjamin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“This is ours”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/climate-change-and-heat-islands\">strategies to cool down\u003c/a> a city: investing in public transit, designing roofs that reflect sunlight, and planting more trees, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Baltimore, the city is \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimoresustainability.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Appendix-5-1-All-Strategies-and-Actions.pdf\">working to combat urban heat\u003c/a>. The government has installed cool roofs, turned vacant lots into community green space and strategically planted and maintained trees in low-income neighborhoods, among other initiatives. But the city’s own arborist told the Howard Center that Baltimore is not on track to meet its goal of increasing the tree canopy to 40% by 2037.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing a lot with a little,” says Anne Draddy, the city’s sustainability coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood where Shakira Franklin lives has increased its tree canopy over time. But by 2015, it still was among the city’s lowest. Franklin says she’s not optimistic the city will be able to cool down her neighborhood anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city has a lot of responsibility. And I think that we would be close to the bottom of the list to be honest,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a grassy vacant lot near her apartment where Franklin often takes a break from her job as a landscaping crew supervisor at Bon Secours Community Works, a nearby community organization owned by Bon Secours Health System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of the few places in the neighborhood with a lot of shade — mainly from a large tree Franklin calls the mother shade. She helped come up with the idea to build a free splash park in the lot for residents to cool down in the heat. Now Bon Secours is taking on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was me taking my stand,” Franklin says. “I didn’t sit around and wait for everybody to say, ‘Well, who’s going to redo the park?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Greenspan, an architectural fellow working on the project, says they’re about halfway to their current fundraising goal — with plans to buy the lot from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hot Saturday this summer, Bon Secours and the neighborhood’s community association threw a party in the lot. Children ran through streams of water from a pop-up fountain, while adults discussed and voted on potential designs for the new park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our kids, they deserve it,” says Franklin, who has two children. “I just feel like it’s a long time coming to just have something to say that we built this here for us. This is ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin says the park would become a refuge for people who can’t escape the heat — and it will indeed be a place to cool off in this neighborhood. But worldwide, heat waves are getting hotter and more frequent, and \u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2841/2018-fourth-warmest-year-in-continued-warming-trend-according-to-nasa-noaa/\">the past five years\u003c/a> have been the hottest ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Methodology\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To determine the link between heat and income in U.S. cities, NPR used NASA satellite imagery and U.S. Census American Community Survey data. An \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nprapps/heat-income\">\u003cem>open-source computer program developed by NPR\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> downloaded median household income data for census tracts in the 100 most populated American cities, as well as geographic boundaries for census tracts. NPR combined these data with TIGER/Line shapefiles of the cities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The software also downloaded thermal imagery for each city from NASA’s Landsat 8 satellite, looking for days since 2011 in June, July and August when there was less than 4% cloud cover. NPR reviewed each of the satellite images and removed images that contained clouds or other obscuring features over the city of interest. In cases when there were multiple clear images of a city, we used the thermal reading that showed a greater contrast between the warm and cool parts of the area of interest. In cases where there were no acceptable images, we manually searched for additional satellite images and found acceptable images from Landsat 8 for every city except for Hialeah and Miami, Fla., and Honolulu, which are frequently covered by clouds.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For each city, NPR aligned the satellite surface temperature data with the census tracts. For each census tract, the software trimmed the geography to only what is contained within the city of interest’s boundaries, then removed any lakes, rivers, ocean, etc. It calculated a median temperature reading for each census tract. When all of the tracts in a city were completed, it calculated a correlation coefficient (R) of the tracts to find the relationship between income and heat. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The satellite data measure temperature at a surface, such as the ground or a rooftop. We used this measurement rather than ambient temperature, which measures the air about 2 meters above the ground. Measuring air is a more accurate measure of how people experience heat, but satellite data are more widely available than air temperature data. Using that data allowed us to provide a more complete snapshot of temperature trends across many cities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nprapps/heat-income\">\u003cem>View NPR’s full data and code on Github.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To determine the relationship between heat and poverty in Baltimore, the Howard Center for Investigative Journalism used block-by-block temperature data showing variations in Baltimore’s urban heat island captured by researchers at Portland State University and the Science Museum of Virginia on Aug. 29, 2018. For each “community statistical area” in Baltimore, the Howard Center computed a median temperature and joined it to a U.S. Census American Community Survey data set with the poverty rate for each area and then calculated the correlation coefficient (R).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Rising+Heat+Bakes+U.S.+Cities%2C+The+Poor+Often+Feel+It+Most&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Hotter neighborhoods tend to be poorer in dozens of major U.S. cities. That extra heat can have serious health effects for those living there.",
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"title": "As Rising Heat Bakes U.S. Cities, The Poor Often Feel It Most | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Shakira Franklin drives from West Baltimore to her job near the city’s Inner Harbor, she can feel the summer heat ease up like a fist loosening its grip.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I can actually feel me riding out of the heat. When I get to a certain place when I’m on my way, I’ll turn off my air and I’ll roll my windows down,” says Franklin. “It just seems like the sun is beaming down on this neighborhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin isn’t imagining that. Her neighborhood, Franklin Square, is hotter than about two-thirds of the other neighborhoods in Baltimore — about 6 degrees hotter than the city’s coolest neighborhood. It’s also in one of the city’s poorest communities, with more than one-third of residents living in poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 671px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1947040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/baltimore.snip_.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"671\" height=\"637\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/baltimore.snip_.png 671w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/baltimore.snip_-160x152.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: NASA, Census Bureau \u003ccite>(Sean McMinn/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(Explore this information with NPR’s interactive tool \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/03/754044732/as-rising-heat-bakes-u-s-cities-the-poor-often-feel-it-most\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Baltimore, the hottest areas tend to be the poorest and that pattern is not unusual. In dozens of major U.S. cities, low-income neighborhoods are more likely to be hotter than their wealthier counterparts, according to a joint investigation by NPR and the University of Maryland’s Howard Center for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those exposed to that extra heat are often a city’s most vulnerable: the poorest and, our data show, disproportionately people of color. And living day after day in an environment that’s literally hotter isn’t just uncomfortable, it can have dire and sometimes deadly health consequences — a fact we found reflected in Baltimore’s soaring rates of emergency calls when the heat index spiked to dangerous levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a Howard Center analysis of U.S. census data and air temperature data obtained from Portland State University and the Science Museum of Virginia, the hottest neighborhoods in Baltimore can differ by as much as 10 degrees from the coolest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Baltimore is not an extreme case. NPR analyzed 97 of the most populous U.S. cities using the median household income from U.S. Census Bureau data and NASA’s thermal satellite images. In more than three-quarters of those cities, we found that where it’s hotter, it also tends to be poorer. And at least 69 had an even stronger relationship than Baltimore, the first city we mapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that as the planet warms, the urban poor in dozens of large U.S. cities will actually experience more heat than the wealthy, simply by virtue of where they live. And not only will more people get sick from rising temperatures in the future, we found they likely already are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-800x663.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-800x663.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-160x133.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_-768x637.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Oakland.snip_.png 831w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: NASA, Census Bureau \u003ccite>(Sean McMinn/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Before I Knew It, I Was Gasping For Air’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 2018 in Baltimore, when the heat index reached 103 degrees — the threshold deemed dangerous by the National Weather Service — EMS calls increased dramatically citywide for potentially fatal heat stroke. But calls increased for chronic conditions too: EMS calls for chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) increased by nearly 70%. Calls for respiratory distress increased by 20%. Calls for cardiac arrest rose by 80%. And those for high blood pressure more than doubled. Other conditions also spiked: psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and dehydration, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat affected residents citywide, but even when controlling for income by looking only at the patterns of Medicaid patients, there were differences across the city. From 2013 to 2018, Medicaid patients in Baltimore’s hottest areas visited the hospital at higher rates than Medicaid patients in the city’s coolest areas. The low-income patients in the city’s hot spots visited more often with several conditions, including asthma, COPD and heart disease, according to hospital inpatient and emergency room admissions data from Maryland’s Health Services Cost Review Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Franklin Square neighborhood of West Baltimore, Shakira Franklin knows the link between heat and health all too well. She says her asthma is triggered by heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a Saturday in July, Franklin says she was making the same drive she often makes from her home to the city’s harbor. A heat wave was gripping the city, with temperatures reaching 100 degrees and above. Franklin says she normally tries to stay inside on days like that, but she had to get to work. That’s when she had her first asthma attack in nearly five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before I knew it, I was gasping for air. It doesn’t even take me 10 minutes to get from home to my other job. Just like that,” says Franklin, who says an attack feels like drinking water through a pinched straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your windpipe is that straw and that water is the breaths you can take,” Franklin says. “You’re trying to bring your air through as much as you can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in emergency departments near Baltimore’s hotter neighborhoods say they prepare each summer for an increase in heat-related conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times the heat played a factor in making a chronic condition acutely worse,” says Dr. Amit Chandra, chief of emergency medicine at the University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus. He says that’s especially true for cardiovascular conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worse your circulatory system is, the worse you are at getting cool,” Chandra says. A weak or damaged heart might struggle to pump extra blood to the skin so heat can radiate off the body. Even sweating, which also gets rid of heat by evaporation, can put stress on the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Respiratory conditions can become aggravated too, in part, because heat can actually \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/wrn/summer-article-clearing-the-air\">worsen air quality\u003c/a> and because conditions like asthma and COPD can be triggered by high heat and humidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandra says even looking at patients’ medical records wouldn’t necessarily tell the full story of how heat could be harming their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wouldn’t diagnose them at the end of the day with heat exhaustion or heat stroke necessarily unless their temperature went up,” Chandra says. “So there’s probably quite a few folks that are affected by the heat, and we’re not really tracking or measuring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of where they live, people in poverty \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/part2_ch2/en/\">are more vulnerable\u003c/a> to many chronic conditions, including some made worse by heat, like asthma and heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our patients are plagued by poverty, substance abuse and unfortunately some of the patients don’t have great access to health care,” says Dr. Reginald Brown, chair of emergency medicine at Bon Secours Hospital Baltimore in West Baltimore. “As far as the impact [of heat] to our patients, it’s just another thing that complicates their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The urban heat island\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y-bVwPRy_no'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y-bVwPRy_no'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Cities in general tend to be hotter than their natural surroundings, thanks to a phenomenon known as the \u003ca href=\"https://scied.ucar.edu/longcontent/urban-heat-islands\">urban heat island\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have less green cover, you will almost always have higher temperatures, and greater exposure to heat,” says Brian Stone, director of the urban climate lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees provide shade, but they also cool the environment down through the evaporation of water from their leaves — a process similar to how humans sweat to cool down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you pave over an area, particularly if it had green plants, you have interrupted that cycle,” Stone says. “Not only have you sealed the surface, you have put a lid on it, so evaporation cannot happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavement — particularly if it’s black — absorbs heat and holds it in. At night, a city of more than 1 million people can be as much as \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/learn-about-heat-islands\">22 degrees warmer\u003c/a> than its surroundings. Even the buildings themselves, Stone says, can create a sort of canyon that traps heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given these elements, Stone says it makes sense that many low-income areas are hotter than richer areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lower-income parts of the city tend to have less green cover,” Stone says. “That’s something that we see across a lot of cities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also not unusual, Stone says, for poorer areas to be located near “undesirable land uses” such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/traffic-atlanta-segregation.html\">nearby highways\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/04/15/pollution-is-substantially-worse-in-minority-neighborhoods-across-the-u-s/\">industrial areas\u003c/a>, which create even more heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern of who lives closer to those sources of heat is not just a matter of poor versus rich, it is also often a matter of black and brown versus white. Nationwide, many of the low-income communities NPR found to be hotter — often with fewer trees, more concrete and closer to highways and factories — are also communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t just a coincidence that communities of color end up in some of the most undesirable places,” says Miya Yoshitani, executive director of the Asian Pacific Environmental Network, which focuses on environmental justice issues affecting working-class Asian and Pacific Islander immigrant and refugee communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoshitani explains that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/19/498536077/interactive-redlining-map-zooms-in-on-americas-history-of-discrimination\">policies like redlining\u003c/a> — a practice, beginning in the 1930s and banned by the Fair Housing Act in 1968, in which neighborhoods were marked high risk for mortgage lenders in large part based on their racial makeup — forced people of color into less desirable areas. In Baltimore, the city’s hottest neighborhoods, many of which are predominantly African American, still \u003ca href=\"https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/#loc=11/39.293/-76.677&city=baltimore-md&adview=full\">line up fairly consistently\u003c/a> with the neighborhoods marked “hazardous” on a 1937 map created by the Home Owners’ Loan Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People of color, African American communities, indigenous communities in the beginning and then immigrant communities as they came to the United States were not given a choice about where they could live, where they could raise their families, where they could work,” Yoshitani says. “Those choices were made for them and that legacy continues today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“They can’t escape it”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the majority of the cities NPR mapped, poverty was linked to heat, adding a second layer of risk to an already at-risk population. This is not only because poverty itself is a health hazard, but because poverty is also tied to other factors that can make it harder to get cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with money, of course, can do that a lot better than people with less money,” says Dr. Georges Benjamin, executive director of the American Public Health Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says no one is immune to climate change, but wealthier people can more easily control their exposure to heat by using air conditioning — which on its own \u003ca href=\"https://climate.org/cooling-your-home-but-warming-the-planet-how-we-can-stop-air-conditioning-from-worsening-climate-change/\">contributes to climate change\u003c/a> — or even by moving to a cooler part of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, the folks with less money, they’re going to be in their one home. And they’re going to have to deal with the conditions in their one home,” Benjamin says. “If they’re going to be in an area where it’s real hot, they’re going to have to find other ways to adapt, but they can’t escape it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urban poor, already often in hotter environments and already at higher risk for health problems, will have a harder time escaping climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the most significant public health problem that we have. It’s going to be here for a long time. And it’s getting worse,” Benjamin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“This is ours”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/heat-islands/climate-change-and-heat-islands\">strategies to cool down\u003c/a> a city: investing in public transit, designing roofs that reflect sunlight, and planting more trees, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Baltimore, the city is \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimoresustainability.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Appendix-5-1-All-Strategies-and-Actions.pdf\">working to combat urban heat\u003c/a>. The government has installed cool roofs, turned vacant lots into community green space and strategically planted and maintained trees in low-income neighborhoods, among other initiatives. But the city’s own arborist told the Howard Center that Baltimore is not on track to meet its goal of increasing the tree canopy to 40% by 2037.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing a lot with a little,” says Anne Draddy, the city’s sustainability coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood where Shakira Franklin lives has increased its tree canopy over time. But by 2015, it still was among the city’s lowest. Franklin says she’s not optimistic the city will be able to cool down her neighborhood anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city has a lot of responsibility. And I think that we would be close to the bottom of the list to be honest,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a grassy vacant lot near her apartment where Franklin often takes a break from her job as a landscaping crew supervisor at Bon Secours Community Works, a nearby community organization owned by Bon Secours Health System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of the few places in the neighborhood with a lot of shade — mainly from a large tree Franklin calls the mother shade. She helped come up with the idea to build a free splash park in the lot for residents to cool down in the heat. Now Bon Secours is taking on the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was me taking my stand,” Franklin says. “I didn’t sit around and wait for everybody to say, ‘Well, who’s going to redo the park?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Greenspan, an architectural fellow working on the project, says they’re about halfway to their current fundraising goal — with plans to buy the lot from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a hot Saturday this summer, Bon Secours and the neighborhood’s community association threw a party in the lot. Children ran through streams of water from a pop-up fountain, while adults discussed and voted on potential designs for the new park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our kids, they deserve it,” says Franklin, who has two children. “I just feel like it’s a long time coming to just have something to say that we built this here for us. This is ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin says the park would become a refuge for people who can’t escape the heat — and it will indeed be a place to cool off in this neighborhood. But worldwide, heat waves are getting hotter and more frequent, and \u003ca href=\"https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2841/2018-fourth-warmest-year-in-continued-warming-trend-according-to-nasa-noaa/\">the past five years\u003c/a> have been the hottest ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Methodology\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To determine the link between heat and income in U.S. cities, NPR used NASA satellite imagery and U.S. Census American Community Survey data. An \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nprapps/heat-income\">\u003cem>open-source computer program developed by NPR\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> downloaded median household income data for census tracts in the 100 most populated American cities, as well as geographic boundaries for census tracts. NPR combined these data with TIGER/Line shapefiles of the cities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The software also downloaded thermal imagery for each city from NASA’s Landsat 8 satellite, looking for days since 2011 in June, July and August when there was less than 4% cloud cover. NPR reviewed each of the satellite images and removed images that contained clouds or other obscuring features over the city of interest. In cases when there were multiple clear images of a city, we used the thermal reading that showed a greater contrast between the warm and cool parts of the area of interest. In cases where there were no acceptable images, we manually searched for additional satellite images and found acceptable images from Landsat 8 for every city except for Hialeah and Miami, Fla., and Honolulu, which are frequently covered by clouds.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For each city, NPR aligned the satellite surface temperature data with the census tracts. For each census tract, the software trimmed the geography to only what is contained within the city of interest’s boundaries, then removed any lakes, rivers, ocean, etc. It calculated a median temperature reading for each census tract. When all of the tracts in a city were completed, it calculated a correlation coefficient (R) of the tracts to find the relationship between income and heat. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The satellite data measure temperature at a surface, such as the ground or a rooftop. We used this measurement rather than ambient temperature, which measures the air about 2 meters above the ground. Measuring air is a more accurate measure of how people experience heat, but satellite data are more widely available than air temperature data. Using that data allowed us to provide a more complete snapshot of temperature trends across many cities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/nprapps/heat-income\">\u003cem>View NPR’s full data and code on Github.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To determine the relationship between heat and poverty in Baltimore, the Howard Center for Investigative Journalism used block-by-block temperature data showing variations in Baltimore’s urban heat island captured by researchers at Portland State University and the Science Museum of Virginia on Aug. 29, 2018. For each “community statistical area” in Baltimore, the Howard Center computed a median temperature and joined it to a U.S. Census American Community Survey data set with the poverty rate for each area and then calculated the correlation coefficient (R).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Rising+Heat+Bakes+U.S.+Cities%2C+The+Poor+Often+Feel+It+Most&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the sand trickles through summer’s hourglass, Labor Day weekend offers one more opportunity this season to spend a few leisurely hours with a book. Here are a few favorites from the KQED Science and Environment team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780140178241\">Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water\u003c/a> By Marc Reisner\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of California’s cities — San Jose, Los Angeles, Fresno — receive an average of 15 inches of rain a year. That’s the same amount as Casablanca, Morocco. Yet in this arid landscape, California built the world’s fifth-largest economy, home to 40 million people, with America’s largest farming industry, Silicon Valley and Hollywood. All of it exists only because of a massively complex system of dams, canals and water systems that made the desert bloom and also killed spectacular rivers and reshaped nature. “Water flows uphill toward money,” Marc Reisner wrote in this landmark work explaining the history, the bounty and the corruption of the West’s water. Reisner, a Marin County resident who died of cancer in 2000, wrote the book mostly on yellow legal pads at coffee shops. It’s essential reading for anyone who wants to truly understand California’s oldest and most intractable environmental issue. — \u003cem>Paul Rogers, KQED Science managing editor and environment writer, Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780812994711\">Cloud Atlas\u003c/a> By David Mitchell\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I personally love an apocalyptic climate story. But because so many of them only see one way to go — down, dark, and depressing — many people I know \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em>. That’s why I love to tell them to read Cloud Atlas. Its dazzling structure includes six nested stories-within-stories, each from a different genre. The whole novel takes in different lengths of time: the span of a relationship, or a human life, of a country or a civilization, of the planet itself. By the end of the last story, almost the entire planet is uninhabitable, and that’s what makes it a novel concerned with environmental damage and changing climate. What I take away from it is a feeling of possibility: that even if violence, greed, and barbarism are always present, our ability to reject those things is, continually, renewed. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101947883\">Exhalation\u003c/a> By Ted Chiang\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do humans have free will? How can we, if we are just a collection of atoms? If we are subject to the forces of nature, not one of them? In his second collection of stories, Ted Chiang, giant of science fiction, isn’t interested in answering the question about will. Like some physicists and \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/finding-free-will/\">determinists\u003c/a>, he assumes that humans can’t choose. His characters set out to live within this constraint and still experience joy, curiosity, love, and – of course – science. (David Kestenbaum attempted something similar in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/662/where-there-is-a-will/act-two-7\">terrific\u003c/a> episode of \u003cem>This American Life). \u003c/em>Here, you’ll find time portals, robots, supercomputers, and wonderfully rendered characters – a terrific follow to his first collection, which included the seed story for the movie “Arrival.” Reading this volume allows you to, as one of his narrators puts it: “contemplate the marvel that is existence, and rejoice that you are able to do so.” — \u003cem>Kevin Stark, digital producer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101873724\">Lab Girl \u003c/a> By Hope Jahren\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while there were a lot of science books — biographies and memoirs — with the word “girl” in the title and I wouldn’t read them. But this paleobiologist’s account hooked me and made me laugh out loud. She weaves together chapters about the life cycle of trees and plants with her own self-discovery as a scientist — a woman scientist, and a colleague to what New Orleanians would call her “running partner,” Bill. In one review of Lab Girl, the Washington Post wrote, “It’s hard to tell the truth about another person in their presence.” That’s the essence of the best stories, and Jahren accomplishes it. (Relatedly, she also wrote the best obituary I’ve read of the poet W.S. Merwin, and it’s all in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/opinion/w-s-merwin-poet-trees.html\">the last five sentences\u003c/a> of her visit with him.) — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780306825507\">Poached: Inside the Dark World of Wildlife Poaching\u003c/a> By Rachel Nuwer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This book reads like an adventure story that brings you along on a journey into the illegal wildlife trade. You accompany the author as she joins a Vietnamese hunter setting traps in the jungle. You visit shops selling illegal ivory and pangolin scales. You observe a remote outpost rumored to be a center of black market trade. It’s an engrossing read that paints a nuanced view of the forces driving the global supply chain of illegal wildlife products — from hunter to consumer. (Disclaimer: The author is a personal friend. You should still read her book.) — \u003cem>Danielle Venton, editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/search/book?keys=Rising+Elizabeth+Rush\">Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore\u003c/a> By Elizabeth Rush\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of sea level rise draws you in. The luminous writing keeps you reading this book-length sorrow song about climate crisis and the species at risk — including ours. The author applies her naturalist’s eye and humanist’s empathy to the stories of people who’d expected to spend their lives in by the water — not manicured resorts with golf courses, but gritty outposts where they’d hoped to fish as their grandparents did, operate small businesses and break bread with longtime neighbors. Her survey sweeps the continent, from places trying to recover from Hurricane Sandy to those sinking into the Gulf of Mexico and skirting the old Leslie Salt flats south of San Francisco.\u003cem> — Cheryl Devall, on-call editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781501144325\">Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams\u003c/a> By Matthew Walker\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The] silent sleep loss epidemic is the greatest public health challenge we face in the twenty-first century in developed nations.” Neuroscientist Matthew Walker’s argument doesn’t quite convince me. But after more than a decade after wrecking my circadian rhythm with night shift work at NPR, I appreciate his attempt to persuade us. We’re still far from full understanding the functions of sleep but in a fascinating way he explains how REM and non-REM sleep shapes and cements memory. My sleep hygiene is abominable, yet I know this: don’t read this book in bed. Read it at the beach or the lake, and maybe you can use what’s in it to make a resolution. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the sand trickles through summer’s hourglass, Labor Day weekend offers one more opportunity this season to spend a few leisurely hours with a book. Here are a few favorites from the KQED Science and Environment team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780140178241\">Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water\u003c/a> By Marc Reisner\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of California’s cities — San Jose, Los Angeles, Fresno — receive an average of 15 inches of rain a year. That’s the same amount as Casablanca, Morocco. Yet in this arid landscape, California built the world’s fifth-largest economy, home to 40 million people, with America’s largest farming industry, Silicon Valley and Hollywood. All of it exists only because of a massively complex system of dams, canals and water systems that made the desert bloom and also killed spectacular rivers and reshaped nature. “Water flows uphill toward money,” Marc Reisner wrote in this landmark work explaining the history, the bounty and the corruption of the West’s water. Reisner, a Marin County resident who died of cancer in 2000, wrote the book mostly on yellow legal pads at coffee shops. It’s essential reading for anyone who wants to truly understand California’s oldest and most intractable environmental issue. — \u003cem>Paul Rogers, KQED Science managing editor and environment writer, Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780812994711\">Cloud Atlas\u003c/a> By David Mitchell\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I personally love an apocalyptic climate story. But because so many of them only see one way to go — down, dark, and depressing — many people I know \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em>. That’s why I love to tell them to read Cloud Atlas. Its dazzling structure includes six nested stories-within-stories, each from a different genre. The whole novel takes in different lengths of time: the span of a relationship, or a human life, of a country or a civilization, of the planet itself. By the end of the last story, almost the entire planet is uninhabitable, and that’s what makes it a novel concerned with environmental damage and changing climate. What I take away from it is a feeling of possibility: that even if violence, greed, and barbarism are always present, our ability to reject those things is, continually, renewed. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101947883\">Exhalation\u003c/a> By Ted Chiang\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do humans have free will? How can we, if we are just a collection of atoms? If we are subject to the forces of nature, not one of them? In his second collection of stories, Ted Chiang, giant of science fiction, isn’t interested in answering the question about will. Like some physicists and \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/finding-free-will/\">determinists\u003c/a>, he assumes that humans can’t choose. His characters set out to live within this constraint and still experience joy, curiosity, love, and – of course – science. (David Kestenbaum attempted something similar in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/662/where-there-is-a-will/act-two-7\">terrific\u003c/a> episode of \u003cem>This American Life). \u003c/em>Here, you’ll find time portals, robots, supercomputers, and wonderfully rendered characters – a terrific follow to his first collection, which included the seed story for the movie “Arrival.” Reading this volume allows you to, as one of his narrators puts it: “contemplate the marvel that is existence, and rejoice that you are able to do so.” — \u003cem>Kevin Stark, digital producer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101873724\">Lab Girl \u003c/a> By Hope Jahren\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while there were a lot of science books — biographies and memoirs — with the word “girl” in the title and I wouldn’t read them. But this paleobiologist’s account hooked me and made me laugh out loud. She weaves together chapters about the life cycle of trees and plants with her own self-discovery as a scientist — a woman scientist, and a colleague to what New Orleanians would call her “running partner,” Bill. In one review of Lab Girl, the Washington Post wrote, “It’s hard to tell the truth about another person in their presence.” That’s the essence of the best stories, and Jahren accomplishes it. (Relatedly, she also wrote the best obituary I’ve read of the poet W.S. Merwin, and it’s all in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/opinion/w-s-merwin-poet-trees.html\">the last five sentences\u003c/a> of her visit with him.) — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780306825507\">Poached: Inside the Dark World of Wildlife Poaching\u003c/a> By Rachel Nuwer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This book reads like an adventure story that brings you along on a journey into the illegal wildlife trade. You accompany the author as she joins a Vietnamese hunter setting traps in the jungle. You visit shops selling illegal ivory and pangolin scales. You observe a remote outpost rumored to be a center of black market trade. It’s an engrossing read that paints a nuanced view of the forces driving the global supply chain of illegal wildlife products — from hunter to consumer. (Disclaimer: The author is a personal friend. You should still read her book.) — \u003cem>Danielle Venton, editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/search/book?keys=Rising+Elizabeth+Rush\">Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore\u003c/a> By Elizabeth Rush\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of sea level rise draws you in. The luminous writing keeps you reading this book-length sorrow song about climate crisis and the species at risk — including ours. The author applies her naturalist’s eye and humanist’s empathy to the stories of people who’d expected to spend their lives in by the water — not manicured resorts with golf courses, but gritty outposts where they’d hoped to fish as their grandparents did, operate small businesses and break bread with longtime neighbors. Her survey sweeps the continent, from places trying to recover from Hurricane Sandy to those sinking into the Gulf of Mexico and skirting the old Leslie Salt flats south of San Francisco.\u003cem> — Cheryl Devall, on-call editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781501144325\">Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams\u003c/a> By Matthew Walker\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The] silent sleep loss epidemic is the greatest public health challenge we face in the twenty-first century in developed nations.” Neuroscientist Matthew Walker’s argument doesn’t quite convince me. But after more than a decade after wrecking my circadian rhythm with night shift work at NPR, I appreciate his attempt to persuade us. We’re still far from full understanding the functions of sleep but in a fascinating way he explains how REM and non-REM sleep shapes and cements memory. My sleep hygiene is abominable, yet I know this: don’t read this book in bed. Read it at the beach or the lake, and maybe you can use what’s in it to make a resolution. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Monumentally Stupid': California's AG Rebukes EPA Plan to Ease Methane Rules",
"headTitle": "‘Monumentally Stupid’: California’s AG Rebukes EPA Plan to Ease Methane Rules | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s Attorney General Xavier Becerra is chastising the Trump Administration over its plan to revoke Obama-era regulations on climate-changing methane leaks from many oil facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top lawyer called the plan “a monumentally stupid decision” and promised, once again, to fight the federal Environmental Protection Agency over its easing of environmental rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we face a catastrophic climate emergency, now is not the time to go backwards,” Becerra said in a statement. “It is beyond foolish to gut rules that reduce emissions of super pollutants and protect against increased ozone. The EPA must get back to its mission of protecting our environment and public health, not the profits of corporate polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra issued his comments shortly after the New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/29/climate/epa-methane-greenhouse-gas.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage\">reported\u003c/a> that EPA officials wanted to cut back on the regulation of methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas and a major contributor to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a component of natural gas that’s frequently wasted through leaks or intentional releases during drilling operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas driving climate change, methane gas is 84 times more potent in terms of global warming over the first 20 years it is released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you don’t believe in climate change, this is a bad idea,” said Rob Jackson, chair of the Earth System Science Department at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson called the proposal “irresponsible” and added that it undercuts companies that make money by selling captured gas for fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many reasons for cutting methane emissions beyond climate,” he said. “When we cut leaks, we save lives and improve human health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, toxics like cancer-causing \u003ca href=\"https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">benzene\u003c/a> are released along with the methane, Jackson said. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEnvironmental groups said the EPA’s plan is meant to restrict the agency’s overall legal authority to regulate the gas in the fight against global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said the proposed rule followed President Donald Trump’s directions to remove “unnecessary and duplicative regulatory burdens from the oil and gas industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Methane Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the California Air Resources Board \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/california-adopts-strict-rules-for-methane-emissions/\">passed\u003c/a> strong regulations that require oil and natural gas producers to reduce methane leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private interests own the vast majority of California’s large oil fields. Because the EPA proposal only applies to federal land, if adopted, the changes will not affect these places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson expressed concern that the rollbacks could apply to the oil fields that are on land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service. They account for about 10% of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/oil-and-gas/about/california\">total\u003c/a> oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a spokesperson for the board said in an email that California’s methane \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/oil-and-gas-methane-regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rules \u003c/a>apply to federal land, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of the largest importers of oil and gas in the U.S. The state imports about half of its oil and close to 90% of its natural gas, said Los Angeles-based Tim O’Connor, senior director of the Environmental Defense Fund’s energy program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it’s gas being imported from Texas and the Permian Basin or from the Four Corners region, that fuel will be much dirtier and more impactful to the climate,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Connor said the rollbacks could push California completely away from natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will continue California’s march toward the end of natural gas,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Environmental Deregulation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The step would be the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">latest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">in\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">a\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">series\u003c/a> easing the previous administration’s emissions controls on the oil, gas and \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/d48562a8d7ee4df1bceec0990205e5b3\">coal\u003c/a> industries, including a 2016 rule regulating oil-industry methane leaks as a pollutant under the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Trump, both the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/8388dfc9f24f4e42a14e51c0a666323f\">Interior\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/8388dfc9f24f4e42a14e51c0a666323f\">Department\u003c/a> and the EPA have proposed a series of rules — some blocked by courts — to loosen regulations of methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocates and former EPA officials had said they expected the new methane plan to go further than previous proposals, with a goal of exempting companies from requirements to detect and stop methane leaks at existing oil and gas sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, this is the umpteenth iteration of the EPA’s exercise to define away its Clean Air Act authority … to address air pollution and greenhouse gases,” said Joseph Goffman, an EPA air official under President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry is the country’s primary source of methane emissions, according to the EPA, accounting for nearly one-third in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While environmental groups pointed to the long-term impact, the oil industry said the direct immediate effect on methane emissions would be negligible. Controls on other, regulated pollutants would also capture methane in the pipeline, said Erik Milito of the American Petroleum Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama-era methane limits imposed “a disproportionate effect on small businesses” in the oil industry, Milito said. “A lot of mom and pops would have their wells shut in, elderly people with wells on their properties that could be shut down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rollbacks on emissions from oilfields, storage sites and pipelines have split the oil industry, worrying some in the industry about growing blowback in a world increasingly mindful of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Royal Dutch Shell this year urged the administration to crack down — not ease up — on the emissions. Many others in the oil and industry have welcomed the easing, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest rollback “highlights the Trump administration’s complete contempt for our climate,” Kassie Siegel of the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group, said in a statement. “The EPA is now so determined to actually increase greenhouse pollution that it’s even shrugging off concerns from oil and gas companies about gutting these protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ellen Knickmeyer from the Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "EPA leadership said the proposed rule followed President Trump’s directives to ease regulations. ",
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"title": "'Monumentally Stupid': California's AG Rebukes EPA Plan to Ease Methane Rules | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Attorney General Xavier Becerra is chastising the Trump Administration over its plan to revoke Obama-era regulations on climate-changing methane leaks from many oil facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top lawyer called the plan “a monumentally stupid decision” and promised, once again, to fight the federal Environmental Protection Agency over its easing of environmental rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we face a catastrophic climate emergency, now is not the time to go backwards,” Becerra said in a statement. “It is beyond foolish to gut rules that reduce emissions of super pollutants and protect against increased ozone. The EPA must get back to its mission of protecting our environment and public health, not the profits of corporate polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra issued his comments shortly after the New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/29/climate/epa-methane-greenhouse-gas.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage\">reported\u003c/a> that EPA officials wanted to cut back on the regulation of methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas and a major contributor to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a component of natural gas that’s frequently wasted through leaks or intentional releases during drilling operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas driving climate change, methane gas is 84 times more potent in terms of global warming over the first 20 years it is released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you don’t believe in climate change, this is a bad idea,” said Rob Jackson, chair of the Earth System Science Department at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson called the proposal “irresponsible” and added that it undercuts companies that make money by selling captured gas for fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many reasons for cutting methane emissions beyond climate,” he said. “When we cut leaks, we save lives and improve human health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, toxics like cancer-causing \u003ca href=\"https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">benzene\u003c/a> are released along with the methane, Jackson said. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEnvironmental groups said the EPA’s plan is meant to restrict the agency’s overall legal authority to regulate the gas in the fight against global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler said the proposed rule followed President Donald Trump’s directions to remove “unnecessary and duplicative regulatory burdens from the oil and gas industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Methane Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the California Air Resources Board \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/california-adopts-strict-rules-for-methane-emissions/\">passed\u003c/a> strong regulations that require oil and natural gas producers to reduce methane leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private interests own the vast majority of California’s large oil fields. Because the EPA proposal only applies to federal land, if adopted, the changes will not affect these places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson expressed concern that the rollbacks could apply to the oil fields that are on land managed by the Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service. They account for about 10% of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/programs/energy-and-minerals/oil-and-gas/about/california\">total\u003c/a> oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a spokesperson for the board said in an email that California’s methane \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/oil-and-gas-methane-regulation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rules \u003c/a>apply to federal land, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is one of the largest importers of oil and gas in the U.S. The state imports about half of its oil and close to 90% of its natural gas, said Los Angeles-based Tim O’Connor, senior director of the Environmental Defense Fund’s energy program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it’s gas being imported from Texas and the Permian Basin or from the Four Corners region, that fuel will be much dirtier and more impactful to the climate,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Connor said the rollbacks could push California completely away from natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will continue California’s march toward the end of natural gas,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Environmental Deregulation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The step would be the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">latest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">in\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">a\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/36c94da43d664b2393ea41c37f577bdb\">series\u003c/a> easing the previous administration’s emissions controls on the oil, gas and \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/d48562a8d7ee4df1bceec0990205e5b3\">coal\u003c/a> industries, including a 2016 rule regulating oil-industry methane leaks as a pollutant under the federal Clean Air Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Trump, both the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/8388dfc9f24f4e42a14e51c0a666323f\">Interior\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/8388dfc9f24f4e42a14e51c0a666323f\">Department\u003c/a> and the EPA have proposed a series of rules — some blocked by courts — to loosen regulations of methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocates and former EPA officials had said they expected the new methane plan to go further than previous proposals, with a goal of exempting companies from requirements to detect and stop methane leaks at existing oil and gas sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, this is the umpteenth iteration of the EPA’s exercise to define away its Clean Air Act authority … to address air pollution and greenhouse gases,” said Joseph Goffman, an EPA air official under President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas industry is the country’s primary source of methane emissions, according to the EPA, accounting for nearly one-third in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While environmental groups pointed to the long-term impact, the oil industry said the direct immediate effect on methane emissions would be negligible. Controls on other, regulated pollutants would also capture methane in the pipeline, said Erik Milito of the American Petroleum Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama-era methane limits imposed “a disproportionate effect on small businesses” in the oil industry, Milito said. “A lot of mom and pops would have their wells shut in, elderly people with wells on their properties that could be shut down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rollbacks on emissions from oilfields, storage sites and pipelines have split the oil industry, worrying some in the industry about growing blowback in a world increasingly mindful of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Royal Dutch Shell this year urged the administration to crack down — not ease up — on the emissions. Many others in the oil and industry have welcomed the easing, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest rollback “highlights the Trump administration’s complete contempt for our climate,” Kassie Siegel of the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group, said in a statement. “The EPA is now so determined to actually increase greenhouse pollution that it’s even shrugging off concerns from oil and gas companies about gutting these protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ellen Knickmeyer from the Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"meta": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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