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"content": "\u003cp>After 86 people in the town of Paradise lost their lives in a massive wildfire last year, California lawmakers vowed to prepare the state for future infernos. But while millions of dollars are going toward new firefighting crews and technology, some say the state is overlooking an area in dire need of help: making homes and buildings safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='State Sen. Bob Wieckowski']‘I’m concerned that a lot of localities are going to be making a lot of bad decisions because we haven’t rung the bell that you can’t do this any longer.’[/pullquote]Several bills in the state Legislature were drafted to help millions of homeowners in high fire-risk areas retrofit their homes with fire-resistant materials. This was considered critical because most of these homes were built before California enacted its modern wildfire building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other bills required stepped-up inspections of fire-prone vegetation around structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But due to a lack of funding in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s state budget, the bills were scaled back. They now await Newsom’s signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill, SB 182, would have directed cities and counties to limit how much housing is built in very high fire-hazard zones absent adequate firefighting capacity, evacuation routes and defensible space enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to concerns it could reduce the state’s housing stock, the bill failed to pass by the time legislators adjourned in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many fire experts have warned that California must make existing communities safer, if it’s going to tackle wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that spending money upfront to prevent wildfires is a better use of funds than having to spend a lot more money later on to deal with a tragedy,” said Assemblymember Laura Friedman, who authored one of the bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1516\u003c/a>, now on Newsom’s desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Improving Defensible Space, But No Cal-Fire Inspection Requirement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many houses destroyed in wildfires aren’t consumed by advancing flames; they’re ignited by embers that are blown ahead of the fire and land on brush, trees or grasses next to a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law requires homeowners in fire zones to minimize and clear vegetation to create “defensible space” within 100 feet of their home. In fire zones outside city limits, Cal Fire inspects homes and can issue citations for homeowners who don’t comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cal Fire has a goal of inspecting 33 percent of structures in its jurisdiction each year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED investigation \u003c/a>found the agency only did half that in 2018. In some parts of the state, only 6 percent of homes in risky areas were inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s become really clear that our defensible space has been insufficient to protect homes from embers,” said Yana Valachovic, a fire expert with UC Cooperative Extension. “What’s immediately adjacent to a structure affects the probability of a structure’s survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first draft of AB 1516 would have required Cal Fire to reach its 33 percent inspection goal. That would have meant hiring dozens of additional inspectors, potentially costing millions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without support from Gov. Newsom to fund the bill, its supporters struck a compromise. Local groups, like fire safe councils, the California Conservation Corps and those affiliated with Native American tribes, would be empowered to make defensible space assessments of communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those groups could look at vegetation around homes but would not have the same authorization as Cal Fire to write citations requiring homeowners to reduce it. The groups would instead send that information to Cal Fire to inform its inspection program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that this will get Cal Fire to its 33 percent inspection goal,” said Assemblymember Friedman. “I would like to see 100 percent, which will mean more funding, but I do think that using these trained third parties is a really good, cost-effective way to get statewide inspections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Newsom signs the bill, it will also create new defensible space requirements within 5 feet of homes and buildings in high-risk fire zones. Cal Fire would develop the guidelines for these “ember-resistant” areas, potentially limiting the kinds of vegetation and mulch that can touch a building, something fire experts strongly recommend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science has been clear for quite a while, but it’s been slow to incorporate into codes, standards and practices,” said Valachovic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Home Retrofitting Fund Created … With No Money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind-driven fire embers can also ignite a home by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landing on its wood roof or even entering an attic vent\u003c/a>. Some communities, like Big Bear, have provided residents with grants to replace wood roofs with those that are fire-resistant. Fire experts say even more affordable retrofits, like covering attic vents with mesh, can also make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help homeowners across the state, Assemblymember Jim Wood introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 38\u003c/a>, a bill that would create a $1 billion fund for no- or low-interest loans for home retrofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it became clear the funding wasn’t prioritized in the state budget, the bill was amended. The retrofitting program would be created, but the actual funding would have to be found at a later date, potentially relying on federal hazard funds from FEMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we made some very good steps in the right direction to help protect homes and communities,” said Wood. “But we still have a massive hill to climb and we need to climb it much faster to make sure communities are as safe as they can be as soon as they can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Housing vs. Wildfire Protection: Restrictions on New Construction Stalls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also took up one of the biggest debates around wildfire: balancing the state’s desperate need for new housing with the need to keep housing out of fire zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imposing development restrictions has been a third-rail of fire policy. When asked about it in April, Newsom responded that he wouldn’t advocate for a ban on building in high-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a deep analysis,” Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/b17b5c9200a64466b49f3f605f9202fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Associated Press\u003c/a>. “And I think one has to be cautious about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This session, State Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 182\u003c/a>, a bill that sought to dissuade local governments from building in very high fire hazard zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill required areas in which multiunit developments are approved to have a funded defensible space enforcement program, adequate emergency response capacity, and low-risk areas where residents can shelter from fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have to build, but on the other hand, we don’t want to see another Paradise,” said Jackson. “This bill is designed to work with those competing interests and is designed to meet the needs of both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill got tangled up in another controversial California issue: local requirements to build housing, set to help address the state’s housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Jackson’s bill specified that the wildfire building restrictions couldn’t be used to excuse an overall region from its housing requirement, some lawmakers thought it didn’t go far enough to protect housing mandates in individual cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way the bill is structured right now, it would let cities like Berkeley and some other cities off the hook and reduce their housing obligations when they have plenty of non-wildfire areas to build,” said State Sen. Scott Wiener, chair of the Senate Housing Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wiener agrees with the bill’s provision that regions should consider their fire risk when determining how much housing should be built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cities where most of the land or all of the land is in a high wildfire risk area?” he said. “We should not be building there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill failed to pass at the end of the legislative session in September, as lawmakers struggled to hammer out a compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we enter another fire season, I’m concerned that a lot of localities are going to be making a lot of bad decisions because we haven’t rung the bell that you can’t do this any longer,” State Sen. Bob Wieckowski said, when it became clear the bill wouldn’t proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener says he’s confident the bill can be passed in early 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delay is going to be a very short delay,” he said. “Taking a little bit of extra time to make sure we get it right is not going to harm anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where State Funding Is Going: Emergency Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as he took office, Newsom announced that tackling California’s wildfire readiness would be a priority for his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone is wondering if climate change is real, come to California,” he said in April. “We are in a very precarious state, literally and figuratively. It requires us to adapt. It requires us to be nimble. It requires us to meet the moment and meet the challenge. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is spending more than $900 million this year preparing for fires. More than $240 million is being directed at new firefighting crews, purchasing new aircraft and acquiring new technology. Large-scale forest management and vegetation-reduction projects received $225 million. Other funds are directed at improving emergency warning systems and 911 services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improving existing homes and buildings gets little mention in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2019-20/pdf/Enacted/BudgetSummary/EmergencyPreparednessResponseandRecovery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget document\u003c/a>, only receiving a one-time $5 million infusion for defensible space programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fire experts say improving emergency response is critical, shoring up existing communities will be as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no single solution that’s going to solve the fire problem,” said Valachovic. “It takes an all-hands-on-deck approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After 86 people in the town of Paradise lost their lives in a massive wildfire last year, California lawmakers vowed to prepare the state for future infernos. But while millions of dollars are going toward new firefighting crews and technology, some say the state is overlooking an area in dire need of help: making homes and buildings safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Several bills in the state Legislature were drafted to help millions of homeowners in high fire-risk areas retrofit their homes with fire-resistant materials. This was considered critical because most of these homes were built before California enacted its modern wildfire building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other bills required stepped-up inspections of fire-prone vegetation around structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But due to a lack of funding in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s state budget, the bills were scaled back. They now await Newsom’s signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill, SB 182, would have directed cities and counties to limit how much housing is built in very high fire-hazard zones absent adequate firefighting capacity, evacuation routes and defensible space enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to concerns it could reduce the state’s housing stock, the bill failed to pass by the time legislators adjourned in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many fire experts have warned that California must make existing communities safer, if it’s going to tackle wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that spending money upfront to prevent wildfires is a better use of funds than having to spend a lot more money later on to deal with a tragedy,” said Assemblymember Laura Friedman, who authored one of the bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1516\u003c/a>, now on Newsom’s desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Improving Defensible Space, But No Cal-Fire Inspection Requirement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many houses destroyed in wildfires aren’t consumed by advancing flames; they’re ignited by embers that are blown ahead of the fire and land on brush, trees or grasses next to a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law requires homeowners in fire zones to minimize and clear vegetation to create “defensible space” within 100 feet of their home. In fire zones outside city limits, Cal Fire inspects homes and can issue citations for homeowners who don’t comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cal Fire has a goal of inspecting 33 percent of structures in its jurisdiction each year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED investigation \u003c/a>found the agency only did half that in 2018. In some parts of the state, only 6 percent of homes in risky areas were inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s become really clear that our defensible space has been insufficient to protect homes from embers,” said Yana Valachovic, a fire expert with UC Cooperative Extension. “What’s immediately adjacent to a structure affects the probability of a structure’s survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first draft of AB 1516 would have required Cal Fire to reach its 33 percent inspection goal. That would have meant hiring dozens of additional inspectors, potentially costing millions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without support from Gov. Newsom to fund the bill, its supporters struck a compromise. Local groups, like fire safe councils, the California Conservation Corps and those affiliated with Native American tribes, would be empowered to make defensible space assessments of communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those groups could look at vegetation around homes but would not have the same authorization as Cal Fire to write citations requiring homeowners to reduce it. The groups would instead send that information to Cal Fire to inform its inspection program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that this will get Cal Fire to its 33 percent inspection goal,” said Assemblymember Friedman. “I would like to see 100 percent, which will mean more funding, but I do think that using these trained third parties is a really good, cost-effective way to get statewide inspections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Newsom signs the bill, it will also create new defensible space requirements within 5 feet of homes and buildings in high-risk fire zones. Cal Fire would develop the guidelines for these “ember-resistant” areas, potentially limiting the kinds of vegetation and mulch that can touch a building, something fire experts strongly recommend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science has been clear for quite a while, but it’s been slow to incorporate into codes, standards and practices,” said Valachovic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Home Retrofitting Fund Created … With No Money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind-driven fire embers can also ignite a home by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landing on its wood roof or even entering an attic vent\u003c/a>. Some communities, like Big Bear, have provided residents with grants to replace wood roofs with those that are fire-resistant. Fire experts say even more affordable retrofits, like covering attic vents with mesh, can also make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help homeowners across the state, Assemblymember Jim Wood introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 38\u003c/a>, a bill that would create a $1 billion fund for no- or low-interest loans for home retrofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it became clear the funding wasn’t prioritized in the state budget, the bill was amended. The retrofitting program would be created, but the actual funding would have to be found at a later date, potentially relying on federal hazard funds from FEMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we made some very good steps in the right direction to help protect homes and communities,” said Wood. “But we still have a massive hill to climb and we need to climb it much faster to make sure communities are as safe as they can be as soon as they can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Housing vs. Wildfire Protection: Restrictions on New Construction Stalls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also took up one of the biggest debates around wildfire: balancing the state’s desperate need for new housing with the need to keep housing out of fire zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imposing development restrictions has been a third-rail of fire policy. When asked about it in April, Newsom responded that he wouldn’t advocate for a ban on building in high-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a deep analysis,” Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/b17b5c9200a64466b49f3f605f9202fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Associated Press\u003c/a>. “And I think one has to be cautious about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This session, State Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 182\u003c/a>, a bill that sought to dissuade local governments from building in very high fire hazard zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill required areas in which multiunit developments are approved to have a funded defensible space enforcement program, adequate emergency response capacity, and low-risk areas where residents can shelter from fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have to build, but on the other hand, we don’t want to see another Paradise,” said Jackson. “This bill is designed to work with those competing interests and is designed to meet the needs of both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill got tangled up in another controversial California issue: local requirements to build housing, set to help address the state’s housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Jackson’s bill specified that the wildfire building restrictions couldn’t be used to excuse an overall region from its housing requirement, some lawmakers thought it didn’t go far enough to protect housing mandates in individual cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way the bill is structured right now, it would let cities like Berkeley and some other cities off the hook and reduce their housing obligations when they have plenty of non-wildfire areas to build,” said State Sen. Scott Wiener, chair of the Senate Housing Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wiener agrees with the bill’s provision that regions should consider their fire risk when determining how much housing should be built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cities where most of the land or all of the land is in a high wildfire risk area?” he said. “We should not be building there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill failed to pass at the end of the legislative session in September, as lawmakers struggled to hammer out a compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we enter another fire season, I’m concerned that a lot of localities are going to be making a lot of bad decisions because we haven’t rung the bell that you can’t do this any longer,” State Sen. Bob Wieckowski said, when it became clear the bill wouldn’t proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener says he’s confident the bill can be passed in early 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delay is going to be a very short delay,” he said. “Taking a little bit of extra time to make sure we get it right is not going to harm anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where State Funding Is Going: Emergency Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as he took office, Newsom announced that tackling California’s wildfire readiness would be a priority for his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone is wondering if climate change is real, come to California,” he said in April. “We are in a very precarious state, literally and figuratively. It requires us to adapt. It requires us to be nimble. It requires us to meet the moment and meet the challenge. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is spending more than $900 million this year preparing for fires. More than $240 million is being directed at new firefighting crews, purchasing new aircraft and acquiring new technology. Large-scale forest management and vegetation-reduction projects received $225 million. Other funds are directed at improving emergency warning systems and 911 services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improving existing homes and buildings gets little mention in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2019-20/pdf/Enacted/BudgetSummary/EmergencyPreparednessResponseandRecovery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget document\u003c/a>, only receiving a one-time $5 million infusion for defensible space programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fire experts say improving emergency response is critical, shoring up existing communities will be as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no single solution that’s going to solve the fire problem,” said Valachovic. “It takes an all-hands-on-deck approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Climate Activists, Artists Take Over San Francisco’s ‘Wall Street West’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Wielding banners and paintbrushes, activists from around the Bay Area shut down four blocks in San Francisco’s Financial District Wednesday in a protest over failure to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s rally, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://climatejusticesf.org/\">Strike for Climate Justice\u003c/a>, was organized by a coalition of local environmental groups in an effort to petition big banks to pull their investments out of the fossil fuel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to Wall Street West is that we really need climate action right now, no more delays,” said Nancy Roberts, who helped plan the demonstrations for Extinction Rebellion SF Bay. The area Roberts referred to is a stretch of Montgomery Street north of Market Street occupied by financial institutions like Wells Fargo and Bank of America, as well as consulates from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts called Wednesday’s action a nonviolent way to spread the vision of a sustainable future, using art, music and street theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948042\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Idle No More SF Bay leading the march up Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators started at just after 7 a.m. Wednesday, marching up Montgomery Street and blocking traffic between Pine and Sacramento streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march opened with a blessing by members of Idle No More SF Bay, a group focused on the environmental rights of indigenous people. Founding member Pennie Opal Plant says native people around the world are often left out of important discussions about the climate despite having insight about “how to move forward so that the sacred system of life continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for the climate profiteers to stop trying to make money off climate destruction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Wednesday’s action was more than a dozen circular murals painted directly onto Montgomery Street in front of financial institutions. These included a walkable labyrinth, created by the Bay Area Spiritual Communities group to help the public cope with their frustration and anxiety over climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948063 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4894-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Duff from Bay Area Spiritual Communities group painting a labyrinth on Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Brasil Solidarity Network painted outside of the Consulate General of Brazil, calling for an end to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, which absorbs carbon emission from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While artists painted, a clown troupe calling themselves the Climate Clown Brigade enlightened onlookers about wildfires while dressed as trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4815-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Climate Clown Brigade (L-R: Thumper, Hannah, Nick, Putt) performing for the forests. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A stretch of California Street between Kearny and Sansome was also blocked by demonstrators holding signs that read, “Leave the oil in the soil!” and “100 percent renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Wednesday’s action was directed toward Wells Fargo, where protesters blocked an entrance to the branch at 420 Montgomery Street that hosts the bank’s museum exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors block the entrance of the Wells Fargo at 420 Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, representatives from Wells Fargo said, “We recognize the growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, and we’re working to find solutions. Wells Fargo is committed to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Mills, a spokesperson for the California Bankers Association, said in an email that financial institutions “absolutely understand the importance of, and support initiatives, that protect and preserve our environment. Many of them lead by example in taking efforts to reduce their own carbon footprint, as well as supporting and financing projects that support that goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, addressing the demand for divestment from fossil fuel companies, “Our industry is generally concerned about government and elected officials trying to dictate who a commercial bank can and cannot do business with, particularly with a lawful business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate demonstrations in downtown San Francisco are expected to continue until 5 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wielding banners and paintbrushes, activists from around the Bay Area shut down four blocks in San Francisco’s Financial District Wednesday in a protest over failure to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s rally, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://climatejusticesf.org/\">Strike for Climate Justice\u003c/a>, was organized by a coalition of local environmental groups in an effort to petition big banks to pull their investments out of the fossil fuel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to Wall Street West is that we really need climate action right now, no more delays,” said Nancy Roberts, who helped plan the demonstrations for Extinction Rebellion SF Bay. The area Roberts referred to is a stretch of Montgomery Street north of Market Street occupied by financial institutions like Wells Fargo and Bank of America, as well as consulates from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts called Wednesday’s action a nonviolent way to spread the vision of a sustainable future, using art, music and street theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948042\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Idle No More SF Bay leading the march up Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators started at just after 7 a.m. Wednesday, marching up Montgomery Street and blocking traffic between Pine and Sacramento streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march opened with a blessing by members of Idle No More SF Bay, a group focused on the environmental rights of indigenous people. Founding member Pennie Opal Plant says native people around the world are often left out of important discussions about the climate despite having insight about “how to move forward so that the sacred system of life continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for the climate profiteers to stop trying to make money off climate destruction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Wednesday’s action was more than a dozen circular murals painted directly onto Montgomery Street in front of financial institutions. These included a walkable labyrinth, created by the Bay Area Spiritual Communities group to help the public cope with their frustration and anxiety over climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948063 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4894-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Duff from Bay Area Spiritual Communities group painting a labyrinth on Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Brasil Solidarity Network painted outside of the Consulate General of Brazil, calling for an end to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, which absorbs carbon emission from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While artists painted, a clown troupe calling themselves the Climate Clown Brigade enlightened onlookers about wildfires while dressed as trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4815-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Climate Clown Brigade (L-R: Thumper, Hannah, Nick, Putt) performing for the forests. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A stretch of California Street between Kearny and Sansome was also blocked by demonstrators holding signs that read, “Leave the oil in the soil!” and “100 percent renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Wednesday’s action was directed toward Wells Fargo, where protesters blocked an entrance to the branch at 420 Montgomery Street that hosts the bank’s museum exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors block the entrance of the Wells Fargo at 420 Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, representatives from Wells Fargo said, “We recognize the growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, and we’re working to find solutions. Wells Fargo is committed to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Mills, a spokesperson for the California Bankers Association, said in an email that financial institutions “absolutely understand the importance of, and support initiatives, that protect and preserve our environment. Many of them lead by example in taking efforts to reduce their own carbon footprint, as well as supporting and financing projects that support that goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, addressing the demand for divestment from fossil fuel companies, “Our industry is generally concerned about government and elected officials trying to dictate who a commercial bank can and cannot do business with, particularly with a lawful business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate demonstrations in downtown San Francisco are expected to continue until 5 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trade In Your Gas Stove to Save the Planet? Berkeley Bans Natural Gas",
"headTitle": "Trade In Your Gas Stove to Save the Planet? Berkeley Bans Natural Gas | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>To reach its ambitious climate change goals, California will have to entice homeowners to electrify everything. The state is trying to become carbon neutral by 2045 and around a quarter of the state’s emissions come from energy used by buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’ll be a big step, because today, an all-electric home isn’t common in California, as Oakland resident Bruce Nilles found out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" citation=\"Bruce Nilles, Oakland\"]‘I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas.’[/pullquote]Nilles spent his career working on reducing the country’s use of fossil fuels, first at the Sierra Club and then at the Rocky Mountain Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was thinking a lot about coal and how do we transition the United States off of coal,” he said, “and had missed the fact that right in my own home was this big source of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles’ two-story craftsman home had four appliances that ran on natural gas: hot water heater, furnace, dryer and gas stove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It never occurred to me that they were a big piece of my carbon footprint,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electricity has a lower carbon footprint in California than natural gas, because the state is investing heavily in renewable energy. In 2018, half of the state’s electricity came from sources free of carbon emissions, such as solar and wind, as well as hydropower and nuclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-768x689.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-1020x915.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bruce Nilles shows off his electric heat pump at his Oakland home. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas,” Nilles said. He wanted to trade out all four systems, and found some contractors didn’t even have experience switching gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he found one who was game to install a new electric induction range. Nilles says it’s a far cry from the old-school electric stoves with coils that heat up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thing this is so fast,” he said, “you put the water on and literally, 120 seconds later, its boiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles also got a new electric dryer, and in the basement, a water heater and heat pump that both heats and cools his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The inspector didn’t actually didn’t sign off on our project, because on a check-box, it said there needed to be a gas shut-off valve on our hot water heater,” he said. Eventually, the city agreed to ignore the check-box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First-of-a-Kind Ban\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the Berkeley city council voted unanimously to ban natural gas in newly constructed buildings, becoming the first city in the country to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials say new efficient electric appliances have lower carbon footprints than gas-powered furnaces and water heaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to tackle climate change every way that we can and by doing this, we’re not asking people to change that much,” said Kate Harrison, the Berkeley city council member who led the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"left\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Bob Raymer, California Building Industry Association\"]‘People love their gas stoves. We don’t want to force something onto the consumer that makes the consumer feel uncomfortable or that they just don’t like.’[/pullquote]The ban starts next year with homes and small apartment buildings, and will rope in other kinds of buildings such as high-rises and commercial space as soon as state officials complete energy efficiency analyses of those building types. Building owners can also apply for an exemption to the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to give us a better life,” Harrison said. “We’re going to have a cleaner environment. We’re going to have less health problems. We’re going to have less danger in our homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 27% of Berkeley’s greenhouse gas emissions come from natural gas. That’s on par with the nation; buildings, through heating and cooking, use almost a third of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas lines also leak one of the most potent climate pollutants, methane, directly into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change isn’t the only reason for the ban, according to the city. Berkeley sits on an earthquake fault, and a major event could cause natural gas lines to break and create explosions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking on gas stoves can also cause high levels of indoor air pollution, like nitrogen dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have health effects that have never been considered,” Harrison said, “that come from burning natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign marking the boundary of the Aliso Canyon storage facility in 2016, in Porter Ranch. California Governor Jerry Brown on January 6, 2016 declared a state of emergency in the Porter Ranch area due to the continuing leak of natural gas from the Aliso Canyon storage facility operated by the Southern California Gas Co. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Alcorn/AFP/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, stoves are the major sticking point, Harrison says. While homeowners may not have strong feelings about their water heaters, cooking is another matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy-duty gas ranges pack appliance showrooms, looking like industrial models made for restaurant kitchens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People love their gas stoves,” said Bob Raymer, technical director with the California Building Industry Association. “We don’t want to force something onto the consumer that makes the consumer feel uncomfortable or that they just don’t like. After all, it’s their home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he says, not offering those stoves could put builders at a competitive disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t support an outright ban on a particular product,” Raymer said. “What we do support are the use of regulatory and financial incentives to encourage a market to go a particular way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of restaurants today also use gas cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that restaurants, along with all ratepayers, have a diverse set of energy sources they can turn to – and that includes natural gas,” said Sharokina Shams of the California Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Raymer says some builders are already switching to all-electric homes in California, because in new construction, they save $2,000-to-$5,000 by not running gas lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Cities Following Suit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities including Sacramento, Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/index.aspx?NID=6150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/press-release/mayor-london-breed-announces-significant-efforts-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a> are all developing goals to cut emissions from buildings. While Sacramento has \u003ca href=\"https://engagesac.org/blog-civic-engagement/2019/3/15/converting-buildings-from-gas-to-electric-crucial-to-fighting-climate-change-commission-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">started discussing a potential ban\u003c/a> on natural gas in new buildings, other cities are looking at using incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state may not be far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have to get away from fossil natural gas combustion,” said Andrew McAllister of the California Energy Commission. “Electricity becomes cleaner and cleaner, and natural gas is methane and it’s just got carbon in it. There’s no way around that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Energy Commission is currently writing a road map for how the state can cut emissions from buildings 40% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, to meet its goal of becoming carbon-neutral, California will have to tackle natural gas use in existing buildings, not just new ones. That can be costlier. Many older homes don’t have large enough electrical panels or plugs that can handle 220 volts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric heat pumps and other electric appliances can be more expensive than gas-powered equivalents, especially because it can be harder to find rebates. Sacramento and San Jose are offering residents up to several thousand dollars to switch from gas to electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a cultural transition that we have to undergo,” said McAllister. “It’s a big lift, but we’re in a powerful state with a big economy and a lot of creativity. So I think if anybody can do it, California can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, McAllister says, a lot of the nation’s energy efficiency rules, including for appliances, were passed by California first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Natural gas appliances are a big target in the fight against global warming. Buildings, through heating and cooking, use almost a third of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.",
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"description": "Natural gas appliances are a big target in the fight against global warming. Buildings, through heating and cooking, use almost a third of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To reach its ambitious climate change goals, California will have to entice homeowners to electrify everything. The state is trying to become carbon neutral by 2045 and around a quarter of the state’s emissions come from energy used by buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’ll be a big step, because today, an all-electric home isn’t common in California, as Oakland resident Bruce Nilles found out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Nilles spent his career working on reducing the country’s use of fossil fuels, first at the Sierra Club and then at the Rocky Mountain Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was thinking a lot about coal and how do we transition the United States off of coal,” he said, “and had missed the fact that right in my own home was this big source of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles’ two-story craftsman home had four appliances that ran on natural gas: hot water heater, furnace, dryer and gas stove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It never occurred to me that they were a big piece of my carbon footprint,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electricity has a lower carbon footprint in California than natural gas, because the state is investing heavily in renewable energy. In 2018, half of the state’s electricity came from sources free of carbon emissions, such as solar and wind, as well as hydropower and nuclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-768x689.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-1020x915.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bruce Nilles shows off his electric heat pump at his Oakland home. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas,” Nilles said. He wanted to trade out all four systems, and found some contractors didn’t even have experience switching gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he found one who was game to install a new electric induction range. Nilles says it’s a far cry from the old-school electric stoves with coils that heat up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thing this is so fast,” he said, “you put the water on and literally, 120 seconds later, its boiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles also got a new electric dryer, and in the basement, a water heater and heat pump that both heats and cools his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The inspector didn’t actually didn’t sign off on our project, because on a check-box, it said there needed to be a gas shut-off valve on our hot water heater,” he said. Eventually, the city agreed to ignore the check-box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First-of-a-Kind Ban\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the Berkeley city council voted unanimously to ban natural gas in newly constructed buildings, becoming the first city in the country to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials say new efficient electric appliances have lower carbon footprints than gas-powered furnaces and water heaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to tackle climate change every way that we can and by doing this, we’re not asking people to change that much,” said Kate Harrison, the Berkeley city council member who led the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The ban starts next year with homes and small apartment buildings, and will rope in other kinds of buildings such as high-rises and commercial space as soon as state officials complete energy efficiency analyses of those building types. Building owners can also apply for an exemption to the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to give us a better life,” Harrison said. “We’re going to have a cleaner environment. We’re going to have less health problems. We’re going to have less danger in our homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 27% of Berkeley’s greenhouse gas emissions come from natural gas. That’s on par with the nation; buildings, through heating and cooking, use almost a third of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas lines also leak one of the most potent climate pollutants, methane, directly into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change isn’t the only reason for the ban, according to the city. Berkeley sits on an earthquake fault, and a major event could cause natural gas lines to break and create explosions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking on gas stoves can also cause high levels of indoor air pollution, like nitrogen dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have health effects that have never been considered,” Harrison said, “that come from burning natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign marking the boundary of the Aliso Canyon storage facility in 2016, in Porter Ranch. California Governor Jerry Brown on January 6, 2016 declared a state of emergency in the Porter Ranch area due to the continuing leak of natural gas from the Aliso Canyon storage facility operated by the Southern California Gas Co. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Alcorn/AFP/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, stoves are the major sticking point, Harrison says. While homeowners may not have strong feelings about their water heaters, cooking is another matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy-duty gas ranges pack appliance showrooms, looking like industrial models made for restaurant kitchens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People love their gas stoves,” said Bob Raymer, technical director with the California Building Industry Association. “We don’t want to force something onto the consumer that makes the consumer feel uncomfortable or that they just don’t like. After all, it’s their home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he says, not offering those stoves could put builders at a competitive disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t support an outright ban on a particular product,” Raymer said. “What we do support are the use of regulatory and financial incentives to encourage a market to go a particular way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of restaurants today also use gas cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that restaurants, along with all ratepayers, have a diverse set of energy sources they can turn to – and that includes natural gas,” said Sharokina Shams of the California Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Raymer says some builders are already switching to all-electric homes in California, because in new construction, they save $2,000-to-$5,000 by not running gas lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Cities Following Suit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities including Sacramento, Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/index.aspx?NID=6150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/press-release/mayor-london-breed-announces-significant-efforts-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a> are all developing goals to cut emissions from buildings. While Sacramento has \u003ca href=\"https://engagesac.org/blog-civic-engagement/2019/3/15/converting-buildings-from-gas-to-electric-crucial-to-fighting-climate-change-commission-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">started discussing a potential ban\u003c/a> on natural gas in new buildings, other cities are looking at using incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state may not be far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have to get away from fossil natural gas combustion,” said Andrew McAllister of the California Energy Commission. “Electricity becomes cleaner and cleaner, and natural gas is methane and it’s just got carbon in it. There’s no way around that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Energy Commission is currently writing a road map for how the state can cut emissions from buildings 40% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, to meet its goal of becoming carbon-neutral, California will have to tackle natural gas use in existing buildings, not just new ones. That can be costlier. Many older homes don’t have large enough electrical panels or plugs that can handle 220 volts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric heat pumps and other electric appliances can be more expensive than gas-powered equivalents, especially because it can be harder to find rebates. Sacramento and San Jose are offering residents up to several thousand dollars to switch from gas to electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a cultural transition that we have to undergo,” said McAllister. “It’s a big lift, but we’re in a powerful state with a big economy and a lot of creativity. So I think if anybody can do it, California can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, McAllister says, a lot of the nation’s energy efficiency rules, including for appliances, were passed by California first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'Like a Sunburn on Your Lungs: How Does the Climate Crisis Impact Health?",
"headTitle": "‘Like a Sunburn on Your Lungs: How Does the Climate Crisis Impact Health? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The climate crisis is making people sicker – worsening illnesses ranging from seasonal allergies to heart and lung disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children, pregnant people and the elderly are the most at risk from extreme weather and rising heat. But the impact of the climate crisis – for patients, doctors and researchers – is already being felt across every specialty of medicine, with worse feared to come.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote align='right' size='medium' citation='Dr. Bruce Bekkar, San Diego']‘We’re finding that we have increasing numbers of children born already in a weakened state from heat and air pollution. That’s a totally different story than thinking about climate change as the cause of hurricanes over Florida.’[/pullquote]“There’s research suggesting that our prescription medications may be causing harm because of changing heat patterns,” said Aaron Bernstein, a pediatric hospitalist who is the co-director of the Center for Climate, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/society/health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the Global Environment at Harvard University.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s evidence that extreme weather events are affecting critical medical supplies so we can’t do things as we normally would do because IV fluids aren’t available.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“And there’s evidence that extreme weather events are knocking out power more and more, and that is a huge issue for providing care in healthcare facilities.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/09/ClimateHealthMcClurgWatt2way.mp3\" title=\"Listen to Lesley McClurg's Report on Health Impacts\" program=\"Science\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/SciencePlayer_BG.jpeg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a recent example,\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that lung cancer patients undergoing radiation were less likely to survive when hurricane disasters disrupted their treatments.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">An August \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1906035\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the New England Journal of Medicine lays out dozens of similar studies to show how the climate crisis affects each practice of medicine. Renee Salas, a co-author of the report, who teaches emergency medicine at Harvard Medical Schoolsaid: “The climate crisis is impacting not only health for our patients but the way we deliver care and our ability to do our jobs. And that’s happening today.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/a>Allergies\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/environment/climate-change\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> makes allergies worse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As temperatures increase, plants produce more pollen for longer periods of time, intensifying the allergy seasons. Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can make plants grow more and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25372614?dopt=Abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cause more grass pollen\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which causes allergies in about 20% of people. Carbon dioxide can also \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publish.csiro.au/fp/FP05039\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">increase the allergy-causing effects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of pollen.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neelu Tummala, an ear, nose and throat specialist at the George Washington Medical Faculty Associates in Washington DC, said she sees many patients with allergic rhinitis, or inflammation of the nasal cavity, congestion and post-nasal drip.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It used to be that tree pollens were only in spring, grasses were just in summer, ragweed was just in fall,” Tummala said. “But the timing of those is starting to overlap more.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of Tummala’s patients, Kelly Kenney, had minor seasonal allergies as a child but now suffers from year-round from sinus pains, ear pressure and congestion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The last four years, my symptoms have gotten increasingly worse,” Kenney said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pregnancy and newborn complications\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pregnant people are more vulnerable to heat and the air pollution that is being made worse by climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\">\u003c/a>Bruce Bekkar, a San Diego-based obstetrician gynecologist who stopped practicing six years ago to spend more time as a climate activist, has compiled 68 studies from the continental US on the association between heat, smog and the tiny particles of pollution that come from fossil fuels and how they are connected with premature birth, low birth weight and stillbirth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More smog forms when it is hot, and some research suggests particulate matter also increases with the climate crisis, although the data is less robust.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bekkar said he and his co-authors found a significant association in 58 of the 68 studies. The body of research covers 30m births in the US.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bekkar said doctors should talk to their patients about how heat waves could lead to premature births and how staying away from air pollution can help them keep their children healthy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re finding that we have increasing numbers of children born already in a weakened state from heat and air pollution. That’s a totally different story than thinking about climate change as the cause of hurricanes over Florida … It’s a much more pervasive and ongoing impact.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the developing world pregnant people can also suffer from food and water scarcity. Insect-borne illnesses – such as the Zika virus, which was spread by mosquitoes – are also a hazard to developing fetuses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\">\u003c/a>Risks for children\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children under the age of five experience the majority of the health burden from climate change, according to Salas’ report.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Samantha Ahdoot, a pediatrician in Alexandria, Virginia, treated an 11-year-old and a 13-year-old who moved from Florida after a hurricane destroyed their community and their medical records at their doctor’s office.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One needed surgery for a heart condition and had to start from scratch with a new cardiologist. Both had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that was harder to treat amid the major life disruption and without records on adjustments to medication dosages. Ahdoot, who also founded the group Virginia Clinicians for Climate Action, said she has seen an influx of families moving because of weather disasters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947704\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"328\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Infectious disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Changing temperature and rainfall patterns allow some insects spread farther and transmit malaria, dengue, Lyme disease and West Nile virus. Waterborne cholera and cryptosporidiosis increase with drought and flooding.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Heart and lung disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air pollution gets worse as temperatures rise, stressing both the heart and lungs. The fossil fuel pollution that causes the climate crisis also is linked with increased hospitalizations and deaths from cardiovascular disease, and it is connected with more asthma attacks and other breathing problems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More intense wildfires \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/world/2018/aug/02/wildfire-events-air-quality-health-issues-in-western-us\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">spew dangerous smoke\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the air, as documented in the western US this year. And hotter days make more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/environment/2019/apr/23/americans-unsafe-air-quality-report\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">smog\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which the American Lung Association describes as acting “like a sunburn on your lungs which may trigger an asthma attack”.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dehydration and kidney problems\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much hotter days make it harder to stay hydrated. They are linked with electrolyte imbalances, kidney stones and kidney failure. Patients who need dialysis as their kidneys fail can have trouble getting treatment during extreme weather events.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947739\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\">\u003c/a>Mental health conditions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The American Psychological Association created a 69-page guide on how climate change can induce stress, depression and anxiety. The group says “the connections with mental health are often not part” of the climate-health discussion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People exposed to or displaced by extreme weather or violent conflict are at higher risk for mental health challenges. Extreme heat can also make some mental illnesses worse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The University of Maryland’s Howard Center for Investigative Journalism found emergency calls relating to psychiatric conditions increased about 40% in Baltimore in summer 2018, when the heat index surged above 103F, as reported on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757034136/how-high-heat-can-impact-mental-health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NPR\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And some psychotropic medications interfere with the body’s ability to regulate temperature – increasing vulnerability to heat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Neurologic disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fossil fuel pollution can increase the risk of stroke. Coal combustion also produces mercury – a neurotoxin for fetuses. Diseases spread by mosquitoes and ticks increase the chance of neurological problems. Extreme heat is also linked with cerebrovascular disease, a disorder that affects blood supply to the brain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Skin disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher temperatures and the depletion of the ozone layer increase the risk of skin cancer. The same refrigerants and gases that damage the ozone layer contribute to climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"Art showing corn plants growing in dry soil, withering under an orange sun.\" width=\"386\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\">\u003c/a>Nutrition\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carbon dioxide emissions are lowering the nutritional density of food crops, reducing plant levels of protein, zinc and iron and leading to more nutritional deficiencies. Food supplies are also disrupted by drought, societal instability and inequity \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211912418300063\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">linked with climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Digestive illnesses\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heat is linked with higher risks for salmonella and campylobacter outbreaks. Extreme rains can contaminate drinking water. Harmful algae blooms that thrive in higher temperatures can cause gastrointestinal problems, too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trauma\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Extreme weather events, including hurricanes, floods and wildfires, often cause physical injuries. Doctors see minor fractures, crush injuries and smoke inhalation. Extreme heat is also linked with aggression and violence, and the climate crisis globally is connected with violent conflict and forced migration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/16/climate-crisis-health-risks-extreme-weather\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/climatenow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering Climate Now\u003c/a>, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Children, pregnant people and the elderly are the most at risk from extreme weather and heat – but the impact is already felt across every specialty of medicine.\r\n\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The climate crisis is making people sicker – worsening illnesses ranging from seasonal allergies to heart and lung disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children, pregnant people and the elderly are the most at risk from extreme weather and rising heat. But the impact of the climate crisis – for patients, doctors and researchers – is already being felt across every specialty of medicine, with worse feared to come.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We’re finding that we have increasing numbers of children born already in a weakened state from heat and air pollution. That’s a totally different story than thinking about climate change as the cause of hurricanes over Florida.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There’s research suggesting that our prescription medications may be causing harm because of changing heat patterns,” said Aaron Bernstein, a pediatric hospitalist who is the co-director of the Center for Climate, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/society/health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Health\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the Global Environment at Harvard University.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s evidence that extreme weather events are affecting critical medical supplies so we can’t do things as we normally would do because IV fluids aren’t available.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“And there’s evidence that extreme weather events are knocking out power more and more, and that is a huge issue for providing care in healthcare facilities.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a recent example,\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that lung cancer patients undergoing radiation were less likely to survive when hurricane disasters disrupted their treatments.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">An August \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1906035\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">article\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the New England Journal of Medicine lays out dozens of similar studies to show how the climate crisis affects each practice of medicine. Renee Salas, a co-author of the report, who teaches emergency medicine at Harvard Medical Schoolsaid: “The climate crisis is impacting not only health for our patients but the way we deliver care and our ability to do our jobs. And that’s happening today.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6704.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/a>Allergies\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/environment/climate-change\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> makes allergies worse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As temperatures increase, plants produce more pollen for longer periods of time, intensifying the allergy seasons. Increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can make plants grow more and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25372614?dopt=Abstract\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">cause more grass pollen\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which causes allergies in about 20% of people. Carbon dioxide can also \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.publish.csiro.au/fp/FP05039\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">increase the allergy-causing effects\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of pollen.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neelu Tummala, an ear, nose and throat specialist at the George Washington Medical Faculty Associates in Washington DC, said she sees many patients with allergic rhinitis, or inflammation of the nasal cavity, congestion and post-nasal drip.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It used to be that tree pollens were only in spring, grasses were just in summer, ragweed was just in fall,” Tummala said. “But the timing of those is starting to overlap more.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of Tummala’s patients, Kelly Kenney, had minor seasonal allergies as a child but now suffers from year-round from sinus pains, ear pressure and congestion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The last four years, my symptoms have gotten increasingly worse,” Kenney said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Pregnancy and newborn complications\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pregnant people are more vulnerable to heat and the air pollution that is being made worse by climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6707.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\">\u003c/a>Bruce Bekkar, a San Diego-based obstetrician gynecologist who stopped practicing six years ago to spend more time as a climate activist, has compiled 68 studies from the continental US on the association between heat, smog and the tiny particles of pollution that come from fossil fuels and how they are connected with premature birth, low birth weight and stillbirth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More smog forms when it is hot, and some research suggests particulate matter also increases with the climate crisis, although the data is less robust.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bekkar said he and his co-authors found a significant association in 58 of the 68 studies. The body of research covers 30m births in the US.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bekkar said doctors should talk to their patients about how heat waves could lead to premature births and how staying away from air pollution can help them keep their children healthy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re finding that we have increasing numbers of children born already in a weakened state from heat and air pollution. That’s a totally different story than thinking about climate change as the cause of hurricanes over Florida … It’s a much more pervasive and ongoing impact.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the developing world pregnant people can also suffer from food and water scarcity. Insect-borne illnesses – such as the Zika virus, which was spread by mosquitoes – are also a hazard to developing fetuses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"274\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\">\u003c/a>Risks for children\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Children under the age of five experience the majority of the health burden from climate change, according to Salas’ report.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Samantha Ahdoot, a pediatrician in Alexandria, Virginia, treated an 11-year-old and a 13-year-old who moved from Florida after a hurricane destroyed their community and their medical records at their doctor’s office.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One needed surgery for a heart condition and had to start from scratch with a new cardiologist. Both had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that was harder to treat amid the major life disruption and without records on adjustments to medication dosages. Ahdoot, who also founded the group Virginia Clinicians for Climate Action, said she has seen an influx of families moving because of weather disasters.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947704\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"328\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6709.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 328px) 100vw, 328px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Infectious disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Changing temperature and rainfall patterns allow some insects spread farther and transmit malaria, dengue, Lyme disease and West Nile virus. Waterborne cholera and cryptosporidiosis increase with drought and flooding.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Heart and lung disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air pollution gets worse as temperatures rise, stressing both the heart and lungs. The fossil fuel pollution that causes the climate crisis also is linked with increased hospitalizations and deaths from cardiovascular disease, and it is connected with more asthma attacks and other breathing problems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More intense wildfires \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/world/2018/aug/02/wildfire-events-air-quality-health-issues-in-western-us\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">spew dangerous smoke\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> into the air, as documented in the western US this year. And hotter days make more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://viewer.gutools.co.uk/environment/2019/apr/23/americans-unsafe-air-quality-report\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">smog\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which the American Lung Association describes as acting “like a sunburn on your lungs which may trigger an asthma attack”.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dehydration and kidney problems\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much hotter days make it harder to stay hydrated. They are linked with electrolyte imbalances, kidney stones and kidney failure. Patients who need dialysis as their kidneys fail can have trouble getting treatment during extreme weather events.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1947739\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6703.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\">\u003c/a>Mental health conditions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The American Psychological Association created a 69-page guide on how climate change can induce stress, depression and anxiety. The group says “the connections with mental health are often not part” of the climate-health discussion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People exposed to or displaced by extreme weather or violent conflict are at higher risk for mental health challenges. Extreme heat can also make some mental illnesses worse.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The University of Maryland’s Howard Center for Investigative Journalism found emergency calls relating to psychiatric conditions increased about 40% in Baltimore in summer 2018, when the heat index surged above 103F, as reported on \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/04/757034136/how-high-heat-can-impact-mental-health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NPR\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And some psychotropic medications interfere with the body’s ability to regulate temperature – increasing vulnerability to heat.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Neurologic disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fossil fuel pollution can increase the risk of stroke. Coal combustion also produces mercury – a neurotoxin for fetuses. Diseases spread by mosquitoes and ticks increase the chance of neurological problems. Extreme heat is also linked with cerebrovascular disease, a disorder that affects blood supply to the brain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Skin disease\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Higher temperatures and the depletion of the ozone layer increase the risk of skin cancer. The same refrigerants and gases that damage the ozone layer contribute to climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1020x1020.png\" alt=\"Art showing corn plants growing in dry soil, withering under an orange sun.\" width=\"386\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-768x768.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1200x1200.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712-1920x1920.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/IMG_6712.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\">\u003c/a>Nutrition\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carbon dioxide emissions are lowering the nutritional density of food crops, reducing plant levels of protein, zinc and iron and leading to more nutritional deficiencies. Food supplies are also disrupted by drought, societal instability and inequity \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2211912418300063\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">linked with climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Digestive illnesses\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Heat is linked with higher risks for salmonella and campylobacter outbreaks. Extreme rains can contaminate drinking water. Harmful algae blooms that thrive in higher temperatures can cause gastrointestinal problems, too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trauma\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Extreme weather events, including hurricanes, floods and wildfires, often cause physical injuries. Doctors see minor fractures, crush injuries and smoke inhalation. Extreme heat is also linked with aggression and violence, and the climate crisis globally is connected with violent conflict and forced migration.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/16/climate-crisis-health-risks-extreme-weather\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/climatenow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering Climate Now\u003c/a>, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Beginner's Guide to Electric Cars",
"headTitle": "The Beginner’s Guide to Electric Cars | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Electric vehicles (EVs) \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are getting cheaper\u003c/a>—so whether you’re looking for a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">save on the hassle and cost of gas\u003c/a>, shrink your carbon footprint, or simply zip around in a new Tesla, there are lots of reasons to consider a hybrid or electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\">\u003c/a>But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to\u003cbr>\nmake—and some planning you need to do—to make sure the car you buy fits your driving needs. Here are a few things to consider before you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decide Whether to Go With a Plug-in Hybrid or Full EV\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a conventional hybrid (HEV) relies on its gasoline engine and a small battery to work in tandem, a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) can operate on its battery alone—and burn no fuel—for a limited number of miles before the engine starts up to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you never plug your PHEV in, it’ll act just like a regular hybrid with the engine and battery trading off. So while you can charge your plug-in hybrid to get the benefits of battery-only driving over a short distance, you don’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full EV, on the other hand, relies solely on its battery for power—which means it has to be charged regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calculate Your Costs\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few elements to comparing the cost of an EV versus a conventional car. One is the cost to drive your vehicle off the lot. EVs are still \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more expensive up front\u003c/a>: $55,600 compared to an industry median of $36,600. The median cost of a PHEV is somewhere in the middle (\u003ca href=\"https://evadoption.com/ev-models/available-phevs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around $46,000\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some electric cars qualify you for \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/irc-30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicle-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">up to $7,500 in federal tax credits\u003c/a> plus additional rebates and credits offered by your state or city. Some PHEVs have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slightly lower credits\u003c/a> than full EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you install Level 2 home charging equipment, that’ll add to your upfront cost (more on that in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real difference is in long-term costs, which vary widely based on factors like the car make and model; gas and electricity prices where you live; when and where you charge your EV; maintenance costs; and how much you drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it’s likely that your \u003ca href=\"https://craig.bonsignore.com/2012/09/19/one-year-of-electric-driving/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy costs will be lower\u003c/a> with an EV (electricity) versus a conventional car (gas) and somewhere in the middle with a PHEV. Use a calculator (like the FuelEconomy.gov’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=phev1Prompt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug-in Hybrid tool\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eGallon comparison\u003c/a>) to get a ballpark figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a charger at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where you live, you may be able to rely on public charging stations to keep your EV’s battery full. But many electric car owners say that it’s much easier and more convenient to install a charger at your home if you’re able. Your vehicle is likely to spend the largest chunks of idle time parked in your garage or driveway, so if you can charge there you’ll save yourself the hassle of waiting at a station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in an apartment or have to park on the street or in a public lot, you may be out of luck on this (unless you can convince your landlord or property manager to install charging equipment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Setting up home charging is pretty straightforward. You can plug a Level 1 charger right into a standard 120V outlet, though this will juice up your vehicle very slowly (2–5 miles per hour, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/WPCC_L1ChargingAtTheWorkplace_0716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Department estimates\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Level 2 charger uses 240V, costs anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/whats-the-right-electric-car-charger-for-your-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a few hundred dollars to $1,000 or more\u003c/a> to install, and works much faster—adding anywhere from about \u003ca href=\"https://www.clippercreek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Level-1-vs-Level-2_Chart_-20180502_Final_Low-Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 20 (or more, for some models) miles of range per hour\u003c/a> of charging. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/charging-your-ev/install-a-home-charging-station/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">install this type of charger yourself\u003c/a> or hire an electrician. Make sure you get the right parts for your vehicle. Tesla, for example, has a specific \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardware and installation guide\u003c/a> for its cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take Advantage of Free Charging (and Downtime)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging at home will add a little bit to your electricity bill, and some charging stations do require you to pay for juicing up your EV. But there are lots of ways to charge for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your office may provide charging stations for employees so you can leave your car plugged in for part of your workday. Some hotels, restaurants, and stores offer charging for patrons. You can also find nearby public charging stations that are free using maps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.chargepoint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChargePoint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> (which have filters for paid vs. free stations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that public charging stations often have time limits (similar to parking restrictions). Make sure you check signage and observe any posted rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, you can use any time you’re not driving—and any location where you can plug into a 120V outlet—as an opportunity to charge (at your friends’ homes, at your Airbnb, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plan Your Driving Routes Ahead of Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your vehicle’s range may be one of the biggest limitations to consider before you buy. Most EVs have a range of fewer than 300 miles, which makes longer trips difficult unless you can find charging stations along the way. PHEVs have very \u003ca href=\"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27127697/plug-in-hybrid-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short driving ranges per charge\u003c/a>—generally enough for commuting or running errands—but will switch to gas when needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are far more gas stations than charging stations, driving a full EV over longer distances requires some planning. Google Maps \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-find-ev-charging-stations-using-google-maps-1829884348\" rel=\"nofollow\">shows you nearby stations\u003c/a> and what kind of equipment is available if you search “EV Charging” or “EV Charging Stations.” \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/chargehub-finds-charging-stations-for-your-electric-veh-1743937351\" rel=\"nofollow\">Apps like ChargeHub\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> offer similar mapping features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where and how much you drive, an EV’s range may be plenty. But if you travel a lot, you may end up frustrated with charging stops and route planning if an EV is your only option. If charging stations are few and far between, if there’s a line of cars already waiting, or if you simply don’t want to stop for longer than a lunch break, this could get really old, really fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A possible workaround: if you road trip less frequently, rent a car as needed for distances beyond your EV’s range. Or go with a PHEV, which can switch to gas for longer journeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the Right Charging Equipment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have to charge your car away from home, make sure you use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/vehicle-charging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right combination of charger and plug\u003c/a>. Most vehicles have a standard J1772 port that connects with a Level 1 or Level 2 charging unit. Some cars can also connect to faster Level 3 charging equipment using one of a few different connectors (called CHAdeMO and SAE Combo).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teslas can hook up to proprietary \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supercharger stations\u003c/a>, though Tesla also has J1772 and CHAdeMO adapters for stations outside of its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your car’s specs should outline \u003ca href=\"https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which connectors and charging systems\u003c/a> your EV can use (or it’s something you’ll learn on day one of ownership). It is possible that not every charging station you encounter will have fast charging options, but you should be able to connect to any Level 2 charger with or without a J1772 adapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maintain Your Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs don’t require regular oil changes like gas-powered cars. But that doesn’t mean you can simply charge and go. You still have to attend to other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/top-5-electric-car-maintenance-issues-and-their-costs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard-issue car maintenance tasks\u003c/a> and regularly inflate and rotate your tires, change your wiper blades, and keep an eye on brake pads. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/comments/67951o/should_i_get_an_electric_car/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EV drivers report\u003c/a> that underinflated tires can significantly affect your car’s range. Basically, maintenance matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most EVs come with much less frequent maintenance checks than conventional cars (case in point: the Chevy Bolt has no \u003ca href=\"https://insideevs.com/news/330737/chevrolet-bolt-requires-almost-no-maintenance-for-first-150000-miles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled maintenance\u003c/a> outside of tire rotations every 7,500 miles, air filter changes every 22,500 miles, and coolant flushes \u003cem>every 150,000 miles\u003c/em>). There may be some minimal maintenance required on batteries and electronics, and of course, things can unexpectedly go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, PHEVs will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-car-safety-maintenance-and-battery-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on similar schedules to conventional cars\u003c/a> because they still have gas engines and associated fluids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on your specific service needs, your neighborhood mechanic may not be equipped for the job (if specialty tools are required, for example). In that case, you may need to seek out a dealer who works on your EV model.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"inset--story js_inset branded-item branded-item--lifehacker\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prepare for Extreme Temperatures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs \u003ca href=\"https://jalopnik.com/heres-what-happens-to-your-electric-car-in-a-bitter-can-1832151810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have some quirks in cold weather\u003c/a>. All cars are slightly less efficient in the winter, but EVs lose some of their range (\u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/maximizing-electric-cars-range-extreme-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent or more\u003c/a>) because batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Plus, it takes energy to power climate control—whether you’re running the heat or the air conditioning.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way around this is to \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ucsusa.org/dave-reichmuth/electric-cars-cold-weather-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precondition your EV\u003c/a> while it’s plugged into your charger—this warms the car and the battery so stored energy goes toward powering your actual drive. It’s similar to turning on your gas-powered car’s heat before you actually need to get in and drive away, but with most EVs, you can turn on or schedule this function with a connected app. Heating both your battery and your EV’s cabin ahead of time means you’ll be warmer and your car will be more efficient despite the cold weather. You can also set preconditioning to work in the summer so your car is nice and cool for your commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a PHEV, heat relies on the gas engine. If you want to stay on battery power, turn on your heated seats until you can’t handle the cold and need to blast the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t forget to turn your car off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs and PHEVs are generally a lot quieter than regular vehicles—which means it’s easy to get out, shut the door, and forget that the car is running. Remember to turn it off before you walk away. While it’s unlikely you’ll come close to draining your battery before you return, you probably shouldn’t get in the habit of leaving it on. You may have the option to enable an alarm that goes off when you’ve left your car running. Some EVs \u003ca href=\"https://www.motortrend.com/news/chevrolet-bolt-ev-engineers-reveal-11-cool-facts-car-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically shut off\u003c/a> after a set amount of time—and Teslas turn off when you exit and close the door behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lifehacker\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to make—and some planning you need to do.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electric vehicles (EVs) \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are getting cheaper\u003c/a>—so whether you’re looking for a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">save on the hassle and cost of gas\u003c/a>, shrink your carbon footprint, or simply zip around in a new Tesla, there are lots of reasons to consider a hybrid or electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\">\u003c/a>But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to\u003cbr>\nmake—and some planning you need to do—to make sure the car you buy fits your driving needs. Here are a few things to consider before you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decide Whether to Go With a Plug-in Hybrid or Full EV\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a conventional hybrid (HEV) relies on its gasoline engine and a small battery to work in tandem, a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) can operate on its battery alone—and burn no fuel—for a limited number of miles before the engine starts up to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you never plug your PHEV in, it’ll act just like a regular hybrid with the engine and battery trading off. So while you can charge your plug-in hybrid to get the benefits of battery-only driving over a short distance, you don’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full EV, on the other hand, relies solely on its battery for power—which means it has to be charged regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calculate Your Costs\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few elements to comparing the cost of an EV versus a conventional car. One is the cost to drive your vehicle off the lot. EVs are still \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more expensive up front\u003c/a>: $55,600 compared to an industry median of $36,600. The median cost of a PHEV is somewhere in the middle (\u003ca href=\"https://evadoption.com/ev-models/available-phevs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around $46,000\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some electric cars qualify you for \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/irc-30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicle-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">up to $7,500 in federal tax credits\u003c/a> plus additional rebates and credits offered by your state or city. Some PHEVs have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slightly lower credits\u003c/a> than full EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you install Level 2 home charging equipment, that’ll add to your upfront cost (more on that in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real difference is in long-term costs, which vary widely based on factors like the car make and model; gas and electricity prices where you live; when and where you charge your EV; maintenance costs; and how much you drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it’s likely that your \u003ca href=\"https://craig.bonsignore.com/2012/09/19/one-year-of-electric-driving/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy costs will be lower\u003c/a> with an EV (electricity) versus a conventional car (gas) and somewhere in the middle with a PHEV. Use a calculator (like the FuelEconomy.gov’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=phev1Prompt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug-in Hybrid tool\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eGallon comparison\u003c/a>) to get a ballpark figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a charger at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where you live, you may be able to rely on public charging stations to keep your EV’s battery full. But many electric car owners say that it’s much easier and more convenient to install a charger at your home if you’re able. Your vehicle is likely to spend the largest chunks of idle time parked in your garage or driveway, so if you can charge there you’ll save yourself the hassle of waiting at a station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in an apartment or have to park on the street or in a public lot, you may be out of luck on this (unless you can convince your landlord or property manager to install charging equipment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Setting up home charging is pretty straightforward. You can plug a Level 1 charger right into a standard 120V outlet, though this will juice up your vehicle very slowly (2–5 miles per hour, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/WPCC_L1ChargingAtTheWorkplace_0716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Department estimates\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Level 2 charger uses 240V, costs anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/whats-the-right-electric-car-charger-for-your-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a few hundred dollars to $1,000 or more\u003c/a> to install, and works much faster—adding anywhere from about \u003ca href=\"https://www.clippercreek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Level-1-vs-Level-2_Chart_-20180502_Final_Low-Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 20 (or more, for some models) miles of range per hour\u003c/a> of charging. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/charging-your-ev/install-a-home-charging-station/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">install this type of charger yourself\u003c/a> or hire an electrician. Make sure you get the right parts for your vehicle. Tesla, for example, has a specific \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardware and installation guide\u003c/a> for its cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take Advantage of Free Charging (and Downtime)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging at home will add a little bit to your electricity bill, and some charging stations do require you to pay for juicing up your EV. But there are lots of ways to charge for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your office may provide charging stations for employees so you can leave your car plugged in for part of your workday. Some hotels, restaurants, and stores offer charging for patrons. You can also find nearby public charging stations that are free using maps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.chargepoint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChargePoint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> (which have filters for paid vs. free stations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that public charging stations often have time limits (similar to parking restrictions). Make sure you check signage and observe any posted rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, you can use any time you’re not driving—and any location where you can plug into a 120V outlet—as an opportunity to charge (at your friends’ homes, at your Airbnb, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plan Your Driving Routes Ahead of Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your vehicle’s range may be one of the biggest limitations to consider before you buy. Most EVs have a range of fewer than 300 miles, which makes longer trips difficult unless you can find charging stations along the way. PHEVs have very \u003ca href=\"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27127697/plug-in-hybrid-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short driving ranges per charge\u003c/a>—generally enough for commuting or running errands—but will switch to gas when needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are far more gas stations than charging stations, driving a full EV over longer distances requires some planning. Google Maps \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-find-ev-charging-stations-using-google-maps-1829884348\" rel=\"nofollow\">shows you nearby stations\u003c/a> and what kind of equipment is available if you search “EV Charging” or “EV Charging Stations.” \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/chargehub-finds-charging-stations-for-your-electric-veh-1743937351\" rel=\"nofollow\">Apps like ChargeHub\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> offer similar mapping features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where and how much you drive, an EV’s range may be plenty. But if you travel a lot, you may end up frustrated with charging stops and route planning if an EV is your only option. If charging stations are few and far between, if there’s a line of cars already waiting, or if you simply don’t want to stop for longer than a lunch break, this could get really old, really fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A possible workaround: if you road trip less frequently, rent a car as needed for distances beyond your EV’s range. Or go with a PHEV, which can switch to gas for longer journeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the Right Charging Equipment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have to charge your car away from home, make sure you use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/vehicle-charging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right combination of charger and plug\u003c/a>. Most vehicles have a standard J1772 port that connects with a Level 1 or Level 2 charging unit. Some cars can also connect to faster Level 3 charging equipment using one of a few different connectors (called CHAdeMO and SAE Combo).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teslas can hook up to proprietary \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supercharger stations\u003c/a>, though Tesla also has J1772 and CHAdeMO adapters for stations outside of its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your car’s specs should outline \u003ca href=\"https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which connectors and charging systems\u003c/a> your EV can use (or it’s something you’ll learn on day one of ownership). It is possible that not every charging station you encounter will have fast charging options, but you should be able to connect to any Level 2 charger with or without a J1772 adapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maintain Your Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs don’t require regular oil changes like gas-powered cars. But that doesn’t mean you can simply charge and go. You still have to attend to other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/top-5-electric-car-maintenance-issues-and-their-costs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard-issue car maintenance tasks\u003c/a> and regularly inflate and rotate your tires, change your wiper blades, and keep an eye on brake pads. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/comments/67951o/should_i_get_an_electric_car/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EV drivers report\u003c/a> that underinflated tires can significantly affect your car’s range. Basically, maintenance matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most EVs come with much less frequent maintenance checks than conventional cars (case in point: the Chevy Bolt has no \u003ca href=\"https://insideevs.com/news/330737/chevrolet-bolt-requires-almost-no-maintenance-for-first-150000-miles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled maintenance\u003c/a> outside of tire rotations every 7,500 miles, air filter changes every 22,500 miles, and coolant flushes \u003cem>every 150,000 miles\u003c/em>). There may be some minimal maintenance required on batteries and electronics, and of course, things can unexpectedly go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, PHEVs will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-car-safety-maintenance-and-battery-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on similar schedules to conventional cars\u003c/a> because they still have gas engines and associated fluids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on your specific service needs, your neighborhood mechanic may not be equipped for the job (if specialty tools are required, for example). In that case, you may need to seek out a dealer who works on your EV model.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"inset--story js_inset branded-item branded-item--lifehacker\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prepare for Extreme Temperatures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs \u003ca href=\"https://jalopnik.com/heres-what-happens-to-your-electric-car-in-a-bitter-can-1832151810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have some quirks in cold weather\u003c/a>. All cars are slightly less efficient in the winter, but EVs lose some of their range (\u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/maximizing-electric-cars-range-extreme-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent or more\u003c/a>) because batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Plus, it takes energy to power climate control—whether you’re running the heat or the air conditioning.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way around this is to \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ucsusa.org/dave-reichmuth/electric-cars-cold-weather-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precondition your EV\u003c/a> while it’s plugged into your charger—this warms the car and the battery so stored energy goes toward powering your actual drive. It’s similar to turning on your gas-powered car’s heat before you actually need to get in and drive away, but with most EVs, you can turn on or schedule this function with a connected app. Heating both your battery and your EV’s cabin ahead of time means you’ll be warmer and your car will be more efficient despite the cold weather. You can also set preconditioning to work in the summer so your car is nice and cool for your commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a PHEV, heat relies on the gas engine. If you want to stay on battery power, turn on your heated seats until you can’t handle the cold and need to blast the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t forget to turn your car off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs and PHEVs are generally a lot quieter than regular vehicles—which means it’s easy to get out, shut the door, and forget that the car is running. Remember to turn it off before you walk away. While it’s unlikely you’ll come close to draining your battery before you return, you probably shouldn’t get in the habit of leaving it on. You may have the option to enable an alarm that goes off when you’ve left your car running. Some EVs \u003ca href=\"https://www.motortrend.com/news/chevrolet-bolt-ev-engineers-reveal-11-cool-facts-car-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically shut off\u003c/a> after a set amount of time—and Teslas turn off when you exit and close the door behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lifehacker\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "‘There’s No Ambiguity. It Will Be Gone.’ How California's Animals Will Feel the Warming Climate",
"headTitle": "‘There’s No Ambiguity. It Will Be Gone.’ How California’s Animals Will Feel the Warming Climate | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">A blue copper butterfly perches waist height on a buckwheat blossom blooming in the cloud dunes near Bodega Bay. In the thick fog its gossamer wings are folded, keeping its sky-blue hues to itself and the milk-white flower. Normally found at higher elevations in California’s Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains, this colony of blue coppers exists in this chilly coastal prairie because of the low clouds that drip with moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"245\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\">\u003c/a>If the fog belt burns off permanently, this butterfly population will become extinct. “There’s no ambiguity. It will be gone,” said Arthur Shapiro, an evolution and ecology professor at University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is threatening animals around the world. At a time when scientists are certain that human greenhouse gas emissions are warming ocean waters and raising temperatures, however, they are still sorting out how turning up the thermostat is affecting the specific ecosystems that plants and animals rely on – including the coastal fogs so critical to redwoods, these blue coppers and a host of other species. Researchers are also raising questions about the impacts of an additional 8 degrees Fahrenheit on California’s inland species, from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada. While there is little doubt that changes in climate are shifting the habitats of virtually every living being on Earth, an examination of Northern California, one of the most biologically diverse places on the planet because of its mix of habitats, illustrates the challenges of trying to predict the future for evolving species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly there will be losers. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report found that around 1 million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction, many within decades, more than ever before in human history.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>But there may also be winners, at least temporarily. As scientists wrestle with the impacts of global temperatures already 2.7 degrees hotter than pre-industrial levels, they are entering a phase of scientific inquiry without parallels, said Shapiro: “Climate change is leading to environments that have no analog in our modern world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947884\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Cassins_Auklet-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cassin’s auklet on the Farallon Island \u003ccite>(Duncan Wright, Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the San Francisco Bay Area, the effects of climate change on local species begin at sea. Like oceans around the world, the Pacific has warmed by as much as a half-degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1910. For Cassin’s auklets, the results have been devastating. These chunky fist-sized birds are common in the waters around the Farallon Islands. During the winter of 2014 more than 1,200 young Cassin’s auklets washed up dead – and tens of thousands are thought to have starved, said Shaye Wolf, a climate change scientist with the Center for Biological Diversity. An enormous slog of warm water had developed off the Pacific coast. Known as the Blob, this marine heat wave caused massive die-offs and a 30 percent drop in the population of humpback whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warming waters hit Cassin’s auklets, along with many other seabirds and marine mammals, through their food supply. The auklets feed on krill and copepods, small crustaceans found in most of the world’s oceans. Scientists believe the over-heated waters drastically reduced the numbers of the shrimp-like krill, depriving the birds of a dietary mainstay. Warm waters also drew southern copepods north. And while Cassin’s auklets will eat them, they are less nutritious than their fat northern counterparts, “a kind of junk food,” said Wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists detected \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/09/12/review-of-the-pacific-warm-blob-sequel-not-yet-a-phenomena-like-the-original/\">another heat wave developing this summer\u003c/a> in the same area of the previous Blob, this one already 4 degrees Celsius above normal in places. With warmer waters leading to less food, Cassin’s auklets suffered an alarming breeding failure this summer. “Parents abandoned nests and chicks just starved,” Wolf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">Warming waters are also taking a toll on salmon, threatening these cold-loving fish in several ways. Chinook, the largest of the salmon family, live in both ocean water and freshwater at different stages of their lifecycle. They are extremely resilient and have adapted to some of the warming, said Lisa Crozier, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration salmon researcher and lead author of a July \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em>. Still, Chinook, already listed as a federally endangered species, are stressed by warmer temperatures in the Sacramento and other rivers. That makes them susceptible to parasites and disease. If stream temperatures rise beyond 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit above the pre-industrial era all bets are off, Crozier said. Chinook salmon in the Central Valley may be the first of the many salmon species to blink out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In inland California, butterflies at various elevations have shown mixed responses to record-setting temperatures. During the state’s five-year drought, researchers found the number of butterfly species and individuals observed per year increased at lower elevations but decreased at higher elevations. A 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://climatechangeresponses.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40665-018-0039-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">study\u003c/a> documented those at sea level reversing long-term declines, while butterflies in the Sierra Nevada were severely harmed, said Shapiro, the UC Davis professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butterflies generally do not do well in warm, wet winters, he said. During the drought, species at low elevation sites benefitted from hot sunny days and cold nights with minimal humidity. But the drought reduced the high-elevation snowpack that helps overwintering butterflies survive until spring. It may also have caused them to emerge earlier in the season, which could have put them out of sync with the flowers and other resources they depend upon. When ecosystems warm to the extent that they are no longer capable of supporting these and other species, “it’s bye bye,” Shapiro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">How animals will respond is not always straightforward. When \u003ca href=\"https://www.pointblue.org/employee_bios/jay-roberts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Jay Roberts, a Point Blue forest ecologist\u003c/a>, began a study of birds in the Sierra he assumed the five-year drought that killed 147 million trees would be analogous to the climate conditions predicted to occur in the future. He expected to find negative effects to the dusky flycatchers, golden-crowned kinglets and others among the 45 species he monitored. Instead, his \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.1848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">research\u003c/a> documented an overall abundance of birds. Nearly half of the species responded positively to higher temperatures; only 20 percent declined. As climate change continues to increase temperatures, Roberts believes many species may benefit, especially if it is coupled with an increase in precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can’t conclude this trend will continue, Roberts said, but the birds’ response to a drastic shift in temperature over a very few years demonstrates that they are resilient. Like other species in the Sierra, birds have evolved to adjust to disturbances that include drought and fire. “These responses are in their DNA,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, if some of the effects of heat on animals are counterintuitive, the general results are not. Of the state’s 300 at-risk species, those already gone include two populations of the Bay Checkerspot butterfly. \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment\u003c/a> predicts temperatures will climb another 5 to 8 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100. Glaciers will continue to melt. In the San Francisco area, where sea level is already 8 inches higher than a century ago, the 2018 assessment projects it will rise an additional 4.5 feet by 2100 – and possibly as much as 9 feet along the California coast. Northern California farmers will face water shortages of up to 16 percent in some regions. Winter storms will likely become more intense in a boom-bust cycle with very wet and very dry years. And in the Sierra Nevada, the snowpack will decline by two-thirds over the next century and temperatures will increase up to 9 degrees Fahrenheit, according to an assessment led by David Ackerly, a biology professor at University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists continue to document the sometimes surprising ways that animals respond to heat, blue coppers will continue to lay eggs and nibble on buckwheat as caterpillars before spreading their bright blue wings as butterflies. But for how long? These are uncharted times in a hot and entirely novel climate regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/09/20/theres-no-ambiguity-it-will-be-gone-how-animals-will-feel-the-warming-climate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"author-name\">\u003cem>Based in the northern Sierra Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://www.janebraxtonlittle.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jane Braxton Little\u003c/a> is an independent journalist covering science and natural resource issues for publications that include Scientific American, National Geographic, Audubon, Discover, High Country News and, with this story, Bay Nature.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">A blue copper butterfly perches waist height on a buckwheat blossom blooming in the cloud dunes near Bodega Bay. In the thick fog its gossamer wings are folded, keeping its sky-blue hues to itself and the milk-white flower. Normally found at higher elevations in California’s Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains, this colony of blue coppers exists in this chilly coastal prairie because of the low clouds that drip with moisture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"245\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\">\u003c/a>If the fog belt burns off permanently, this butterfly population will become extinct. “There’s no ambiguity. It will be gone,” said Arthur Shapiro, an evolution and ecology professor at University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is threatening animals around the world. At a time when scientists are certain that human greenhouse gas emissions are warming ocean waters and raising temperatures, however, they are still sorting out how turning up the thermostat is affecting the specific ecosystems that plants and animals rely on – including the coastal fogs so critical to redwoods, these blue coppers and a host of other species. Researchers are also raising questions about the impacts of an additional 8 degrees Fahrenheit on California’s inland species, from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada. While there is little doubt that changes in climate are shifting the habitats of virtually every living being on Earth, an examination of Northern California, one of the most biologically diverse places on the planet because of its mix of habitats, illustrates the challenges of trying to predict the future for evolving species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly there will be losers. The latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report found that around 1 million animal and plant species are now threatened with extinction, many within decades, more than ever before in human history.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>But there may also be winners, at least temporarily. As scientists wrestle with the impacts of global temperatures already 2.7 degrees hotter than pre-industrial levels, they are entering a phase of scientific inquiry without parallels, said Shapiro: “Climate change is leading to environments that have no analog in our modern world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947884\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Cassins_Auklet-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Cassin’s auklet on the Farallon Island \u003ccite>(Duncan Wright, Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the San Francisco Bay Area, the effects of climate change on local species begin at sea. Like oceans around the world, the Pacific has warmed by as much as a half-degree Fahrenheit every decade since 1910. For Cassin’s auklets, the results have been devastating. These chunky fist-sized birds are common in the waters around the Farallon Islands. During the winter of 2014 more than 1,200 young Cassin’s auklets washed up dead – and tens of thousands are thought to have starved, said Shaye Wolf, a climate change scientist with the Center for Biological Diversity. An enormous slog of warm water had developed off the Pacific coast. Known as the Blob, this marine heat wave caused massive die-offs and a 30 percent drop in the population of humpback whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warming waters hit Cassin’s auklets, along with many other seabirds and marine mammals, through their food supply. The auklets feed on krill and copepods, small crustaceans found in most of the world’s oceans. Scientists believe the over-heated waters drastically reduced the numbers of the shrimp-like krill, depriving the birds of a dietary mainstay. Warm waters also drew southern copepods north. And while Cassin’s auklets will eat them, they are less nutritious than their fat northern counterparts, “a kind of junk food,” said Wolf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists detected \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/09/12/review-of-the-pacific-warm-blob-sequel-not-yet-a-phenomena-like-the-original/\">another heat wave developing this summer\u003c/a> in the same area of the previous Blob, this one already 4 degrees Celsius above normal in places. With warmer waters leading to less food, Cassin’s auklets suffered an alarming breeding failure this summer. “Parents abandoned nests and chicks just starved,” Wolf said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">Warming waters are also taking a toll on salmon, threatening these cold-loving fish in several ways. Chinook, the largest of the salmon family, live in both ocean water and freshwater at different stages of their lifecycle. They are extremely resilient and have adapted to some of the warming, said Lisa Crozier, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration salmon researcher and lead author of a July \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0217711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>PLOS One\u003c/em>. Still, Chinook, already listed as a federally endangered species, are stressed by warmer temperatures in the Sacramento and other rivers. That makes them susceptible to parasites and disease. If stream temperatures rise beyond 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit above the pre-industrial era all bets are off, Crozier said. Chinook salmon in the Central Valley may be the first of the many salmon species to blink out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In inland California, butterflies at various elevations have shown mixed responses to record-setting temperatures. During the state’s five-year drought, researchers found the number of butterfly species and individuals observed per year increased at lower elevations but decreased at higher elevations. A 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://climatechangeresponses.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40665-018-0039-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">study\u003c/a> documented those at sea level reversing long-term declines, while butterflies in the Sierra Nevada were severely harmed, said Shapiro, the UC Davis professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butterflies generally do not do well in warm, wet winters, he said. During the drought, species at low elevation sites benefitted from hot sunny days and cold nights with minimal humidity. But the drought reduced the high-elevation snowpack that helps overwintering butterflies survive until spring. It may also have caused them to emerge earlier in the season, which could have put them out of sync with the flowers and other resources they depend upon. When ecosystems warm to the extent that they are no longer capable of supporting these and other species, “it’s bye bye,” Shapiro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">How animals will respond is not always straightforward. When \u003ca href=\"https://www.pointblue.org/employee_bios/jay-roberts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Jay Roberts, a Point Blue forest ecologist\u003c/a>, began a study of birds in the Sierra he assumed the five-year drought that killed 147 million trees would be analogous to the climate conditions predicted to occur in the future. He expected to find negative effects to the dusky flycatchers, golden-crowned kinglets and others among the 45 species he monitored. Instead, his \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eap.1848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">research\u003c/a> documented an overall abundance of birds. Nearly half of the species responded positively to higher temperatures; only 20 percent declined. As climate change continues to increase temperatures, Roberts believes many species may benefit, especially if it is coupled with an increase in precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can’t conclude this trend will continue, Roberts said, but the birds’ response to a drastic shift in temperature over a very few years demonstrates that they are resilient. Like other species in the Sierra, birds have evolved to adjust to disturbances that include drought and fire. “These responses are in their DNA,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, if some of the effects of heat on animals are counterintuitive, the general results are not. Of the state’s 300 at-risk species, those already gone include two populations of the Bay Checkerspot butterfly. \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California’s Fourth Climate Change Assessment\u003c/a> predicts temperatures will climb another 5 to 8 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100. Glaciers will continue to melt. In the San Francisco area, where sea level is already 8 inches higher than a century ago, the 2018 assessment projects it will rise an additional 4.5 feet by 2100 – and possibly as much as 9 feet along the California coast. Northern California farmers will face water shortages of up to 16 percent in some regions. Winter storms will likely become more intense in a boom-bust cycle with very wet and very dry years. And in the Sierra Nevada, the snowpack will decline by two-thirds over the next century and temperatures will increase up to 9 degrees Fahrenheit, according to an assessment led by David Ackerly, a biology professor at University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists continue to document the sometimes surprising ways that animals respond to heat, blue coppers will continue to lay eggs and nibble on buckwheat as caterpillars before spreading their bright blue wings as butterflies. But for how long? These are uncharted times in a hot and entirely novel climate regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/09/20/theres-no-ambiguity-it-will-be-gone-how-animals-will-feel-the-warming-climate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"author-name\">\u003cem>Based in the northern Sierra Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://www.janebraxtonlittle.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jane Braxton Little\u003c/a> is an independent journalist covering science and natural resource issues for publications that include Scientific American, National Geographic, Audubon, Discover, High Country News and, with this story, Bay Nature.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Michael Mann’s work as a press critic began in earnest a decade ago. Ahead of the 2009 international climate-change summit in Copenhagen, hackers stole email correspondence between Mann and other climate scientists from a computer server at the University of East Anglia. Climate-change deniers used portions of the emails, freed from context, to attack the credibility of Mann, whose “hockey stick” graph charting the rapid rise of the Earth’s\u003cbr>\ntemperature since industrialization would become an emblem of the climate fight. Coverage of what news outlets called “Climategate” saved space for Mann’s critics; such choices emphasized conflict out of all proportion with the scientific consensus on a warming planet. In \u003ci>The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars\u003c/i>, his 2012 book, Mann called such false balance and sympathetic framing “a sweet victory for climate change deniers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003c/a>Though multiple investigations upheld the integrity of Mann’s research, such vindication took years. Mann has vigorously contested misinformation concerning his work and climate science \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=(reporter%20OR%20reporters%20OR%20journalist%20OR%20journalists)%20(from%3Amichaelemann)&src=typed_query\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on social media\u003c/a> as well as in the courts. In 2011, Mann filed \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160905215806/http://www.courthousenews.com/2011/03/28/ClimateGuy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a defamation claim\u003c/a> in a British Columbia court against the Frontier Center for Public Policy (FCPP), a Canadian think-tank, and Tim Ball, a former geography professor, after Ball suggested in an interview that Mann should be imprisoned. In June, the FCPP settled with Mann and \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190609170116/https://fcpp.org/retraction-and-apology-to-michael-mann/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">apologized\u003c/a> for its characterization of his work. Last month, after Ball’s lawyers cited their client’s poor health and his website’s low ranking, a judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/19/15/2019BCSC1580.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dismissed the case\u003c/a>, for delays he attributed to Mann. (The judge also noted the two parties’ “dramatically different opinions on climate change,” which the court did not address.) Mann then took to Twitter to counter climate-denial sites that spun the dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann, a climatologist who directs the Penn State Earth System Science Center, spoke with CJR last week, one day after \u003ci>The New Yorker\u003c/i> published a widely derided climate-change column by Jonathan Franzen. (Writing in her “Heated” newsletter, journalist Emily Atkin called Franzen’s take “the most brilliantly unintentional fossil fuel industry propaganda I’ve ever read.”) Mann talked about the lessons learned by newsrooms since “Climategate,” and the new pitfalls that await reporters covering the planet’s most important story. Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This year marks a decade since news coverage of what many news outlets called “Climategate.” What gains have journalists made in their coverage of climate science and global warming since then?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen a pretty dramatic move away from the false balance that we used to see, where every news story about climate change had to have a contrarian, a climate-change denier, representing the other side—as if there’s equal weight on the side of science and science denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, I think there are other problems that we’re seeing crop up in media coverage of this issue. [Franzen’s piece is] emblematic of a trend toward doomist framing; my worry is it leads people down a path of despair and hopelessness and inaction, which actually leads us to the same place as outright climate-change denialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re also seeing a tendency to emphasize personal responsibility and choice over systemic change. \u003ci>The New York Times\u003c/i>, in the space of a month or two, had a half-dozen articles touting the importance of individuals. \u003ci>The problem is us and our eating habits, our travel habits\u003c/i>. Again, I think this may not be intentional, but it is actually playing into a deflection campaign that is being used by fossil-fuel interests, trying to emphasize the role of individuals to take the pressure off regulation of industry and systemic changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s impossible now to deny that climate change is happening. The fossil-fuel industry has essentially give up on their campaign to deny the reality of climate change. So instead they’re focused on this kinder, gentler form of denialism. This is the new climate war, and we need to recognize that it’s being waged and understand that it’s every bit as dangerous as the old climate war—the old-fashioned, outright denial of the science. In some ways, it has the veneer of credibility. It seems reasonable to many people. And that makes it, to some extent, even more pernicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>There’s a tension in climate communication between alerting people and alarming them. How do you spur people to action without paralyzing them with fear?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a fine line there. We have to convey both urgency and agency. Yes, we have an urgent problem; you could call it a crisis or an emergency, if you’d like. But we can do something about it. Urgency and agency have to go hand-in-hand. Only now are we seeing the sort of action that needs to be mobilized to shift us away from the business-as-usual paradigm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is that different people are going to be motivated by different things, and some amount of concern and even fear can motivate—we know that, psychologists have established that. But it can also elicit other, disabling instinctual reactions—paralysis and disengagement. Different people are going to respond differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a logical fallacy, right? It’s like, \u003ci>Look, we still have the problem, so it’s not working.\u003c/i> And Franzen, in essence, in his latest article, to me, is doing this. He’s saying, \u003ci>Look, it hasn’t worked, so this isn’t going to work, so let’s adapt to the changes that are coming. \u003c/i>To me, it was unambiguous that that was his message. I don’t think that sort of messaging is helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Franzen’s case, I was actually \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MichaelEMann/status/1170847152060477440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contacted by a fact-checker\u003c/a> to check a fact in the article, and I pointed out that it was wrong. When you look at model projections, and there’s an average and then there’s a spread, the estimate is that there’s an equal likelihood that the reality is above and below that spread. He had implied it was one-sided—that somehow the average is systematically underestimating the warming. He got that wrong. I pointed that out, and the error persists in the piece that appeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MichaelEMann/status/1170851084111425538?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think it’s accidental that the errors that I’m talking about, the misrepresentations of the science, are systematically in the direction that paints an overly sort of gloomy, doomist picture. It’s exactly what climate-change deniers do in the opposite direction. They always cherry-pick the model projections and observations to understate the threat of climate change. Here, the doomists, in my view, are doing the same thing in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How would you characterize your interactions with journalists? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personally, I find journalists to be a very thoughtful lot, and even though many of them don’t have training in physical science, I’ve always found it fairly easy to communicate the science to them and to help them frame it in ways that the general public can understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent to which we still have some problems and challenges has less to do with journalists and more to do with management and editorial staff. The business model sort of favors clickbait and exaggeration. Some of the nuance and some of the key scientific framing are lost, and what you have is a more biased article that exaggerates the science in one way or another, that favors the sort of “\u003ca href=\"https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/29/climate-research-media-focus-whiplash/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">whiplash effect\u003c/a>” that Andy Revkin has talked about: \u003ci>Climate change is a hoax\u003c/i>, or \u003ci>Climate change is far worse than we thought\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You have about as many Twitter followers as CJR—\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>—and more than many news outlets. You curate a lot of reporting and criticism concerning the climate crisis and the environmental changes of a warming planet. How do you engage that audience responsibly?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I need some humility, I’ll look at how many followers Miley Cyrus has. [\u003ci>Editor’s note: She has 43.9 million.\u003c/i>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not necessarily an objective measure of the intellectual contribution you’re making to the public discourse. And I recognize that. And, I guess, I feel like I’ve been given this great privilege of having a fairly large following, and I have a responsibility to use it responsibly. I do my best to do that, but I’m a human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media is often about the moment, the here-and-now, the hot take. We respond to impulses, to individual events. We’re less good at seeing things in broader context. I try to be aware of that, and I try to control my impulses. If something makes me really angry and I want to react, I’ll try to catch myself. I try to be as constructive as I can. I try to provide what I feel is important context to news articles and commentary that will help people see the climate crisis more broadly, and more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You responded on social media to misinformation published about your court case against Tim Ball. After I saw your responses, I realized hadn’t seen any coverage from actual news outlets. Is there some conclusion about the press to draw from that?\u003c/b>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d say in a phrase, \u003ci>Fool me once\u003c/i>. I think the journalism community learned its lesson from the so-called “Climategate” affair. Climate-change deniers and the organizations that front for the fossil-fuel industry did a very good job at putting huge amounts of pressure on journalists to cover this fake story. Eventually, the mainstream media took the bait, because, well, \u003ci>If there’s this much smoke\u003c/i>. Of course, it took a while for the various investigations to play out. Ultimately, when they did, what we saw was: there was no fire. The only wrongdoing was the theft of the emails. There was no indiscretion on the part of the scientists. The denial machine sort of lost its credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, I think it’s now a damp squib, but [climate-change deniers] generated a solid week or so of noise and distraction, and I actually think it folds into something larger. Right now, we’re seeing \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16092019/trollbot-twitter-climate-change-attacks-disinformation-campaign-mann-mckenna-greta-targeted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an uptick in online climate-denial trolling\u003c/a> and bot armies being deployed to promote misinformation and disinformation. We see that in attacks on folks like Greta Thunberg, who’s become the figurehead of the youth climate movement. OPEC declared the movement “perhaps the greatest threat to our industry.” There’s all this ire and vitriol that’s been directed her way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has happened in the past. “Climategate” was intended to distract the public and policymakers going into the Copenhagen summit, back in December 2009. I think we’ve seen an uptick in denialist trolling and bot armies in the lead-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to this UN summit\u003c/a>. I’ve seen other people comment on that; I think there’s clear recognition that there’s a ramping-up of this disinformation machine right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/covering_climate_now/michael-mann-climategate-franzen.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/covering_climate_now/michael-mann-climategate-franzen.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Columbia Journalism Review\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Michael Mann’s work as a press critic began in earnest a decade ago. Ahead of the 2009 international climate-change summit in Copenhagen, hackers stole email correspondence between Mann and other climate scientists from a computer server at the University of East Anglia. Climate-change deniers used portions of the emails, freed from context, to attack the credibility of Mann, whose “hockey stick” graph charting the rapid rise of the Earth’s\u003cbr>\ntemperature since industrialization would become an emblem of the climate fight. Coverage of what news outlets called “Climategate” saved space for Mann’s critics; such choices emphasized conflict out of all proportion with the scientific consensus on a warming planet. In \u003ci>The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars\u003c/i>, his 2012 book, Mann called such false balance and sympathetic framing “a sweet victory for climate change deniers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003c/a>Though multiple investigations upheld the integrity of Mann’s research, such vindication took years. Mann has vigorously contested misinformation concerning his work and climate science \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=(reporter%20OR%20reporters%20OR%20journalist%20OR%20journalists)%20(from%3Amichaelemann)&src=typed_query\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on social media\u003c/a> as well as in the courts. In 2011, Mann filed \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160905215806/http://www.courthousenews.com/2011/03/28/ClimateGuy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a defamation claim\u003c/a> in a British Columbia court against the Frontier Center for Public Policy (FCPP), a Canadian think-tank, and Tim Ball, a former geography professor, after Ball suggested in an interview that Mann should be imprisoned. In June, the FCPP settled with Mann and \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190609170116/https://fcpp.org/retraction-and-apology-to-michael-mann/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">apologized\u003c/a> for its characterization of his work. Last month, after Ball’s lawyers cited their client’s poor health and his website’s low ranking, a judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.bccourts.ca/jdb-txt/sc/19/15/2019BCSC1580.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dismissed the case\u003c/a>, for delays he attributed to Mann. (The judge also noted the two parties’ “dramatically different opinions on climate change,” which the court did not address.) Mann then took to Twitter to counter climate-denial sites that spun the dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann, a climatologist who directs the Penn State Earth System Science Center, spoke with CJR last week, one day after \u003ci>The New Yorker\u003c/i> published a widely derided climate-change column by Jonathan Franzen. (Writing in her “Heated” newsletter, journalist Emily Atkin called Franzen’s take “the most brilliantly unintentional fossil fuel industry propaganda I’ve ever read.”) Mann talked about the lessons learned by newsrooms since “Climategate,” and the new pitfalls that await reporters covering the planet’s most important story. Our conversation has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This year marks a decade since news coverage of what many news outlets called “Climategate.” What gains have journalists made in their coverage of climate science and global warming since then?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve seen a pretty dramatic move away from the false balance that we used to see, where every news story about climate change had to have a contrarian, a climate-change denier, representing the other side—as if there’s equal weight on the side of science and science denial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, I think there are other problems that we’re seeing crop up in media coverage of this issue. [Franzen’s piece is] emblematic of a trend toward doomist framing; my worry is it leads people down a path of despair and hopelessness and inaction, which actually leads us to the same place as outright climate-change denialism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re also seeing a tendency to emphasize personal responsibility and choice over systemic change. \u003ci>The New York Times\u003c/i>, in the space of a month or two, had a half-dozen articles touting the importance of individuals. \u003ci>The problem is us and our eating habits, our travel habits\u003c/i>. Again, I think this may not be intentional, but it is actually playing into a deflection campaign that is being used by fossil-fuel interests, trying to emphasize the role of individuals to take the pressure off regulation of industry and systemic changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s impossible now to deny that climate change is happening. The fossil-fuel industry has essentially give up on their campaign to deny the reality of climate change. So instead they’re focused on this kinder, gentler form of denialism. This is the new climate war, and we need to recognize that it’s being waged and understand that it’s every bit as dangerous as the old climate war—the old-fashioned, outright denial of the science. In some ways, it has the veneer of credibility. It seems reasonable to many people. And that makes it, to some extent, even more pernicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>There’s a tension in climate communication between alerting people and alarming them. How do you spur people to action without paralyzing them with fear?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a fine line there. We have to convey both urgency and agency. Yes, we have an urgent problem; you could call it a crisis or an emergency, if you’d like. But we can do something about it. Urgency and agency have to go hand-in-hand. Only now are we seeing the sort of action that needs to be mobilized to shift us away from the business-as-usual paradigm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is that different people are going to be motivated by different things, and some amount of concern and even fear can motivate—we know that, psychologists have established that. But it can also elicit other, disabling instinctual reactions—paralysis and disengagement. Different people are going to respond differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a logical fallacy, right? It’s like, \u003ci>Look, we still have the problem, so it’s not working.\u003c/i> And Franzen, in essence, in his latest article, to me, is doing this. He’s saying, \u003ci>Look, it hasn’t worked, so this isn’t going to work, so let’s adapt to the changes that are coming. \u003c/i>To me, it was unambiguous that that was his message. I don’t think that sort of messaging is helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Franzen’s case, I was actually \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MichaelEMann/status/1170847152060477440\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contacted by a fact-checker\u003c/a> to check a fact in the article, and I pointed out that it was wrong. When you look at model projections, and there’s an average and then there’s a spread, the estimate is that there’s an equal likelihood that the reality is above and below that spread. He had implied it was one-sided—that somehow the average is systematically underestimating the warming. He got that wrong. I pointed that out, and the error persists in the piece that appeared.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>I don’t think it’s accidental that the errors that I’m talking about, the misrepresentations of the science, are systematically in the direction that paints an overly sort of gloomy, doomist picture. It’s exactly what climate-change deniers do in the opposite direction. They always cherry-pick the model projections and observations to understate the threat of climate change. Here, the doomists, in my view, are doing the same thing in the opposite direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How would you characterize your interactions with journalists? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personally, I find journalists to be a very thoughtful lot, and even though many of them don’t have training in physical science, I’ve always found it fairly easy to communicate the science to them and to help them frame it in ways that the general public can understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent to which we still have some problems and challenges has less to do with journalists and more to do with management and editorial staff. The business model sort of favors clickbait and exaggeration. Some of the nuance and some of the key scientific framing are lost, and what you have is a more biased article that exaggerates the science in one way or another, that favors the sort of “\u003ca href=\"https://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/07/29/climate-research-media-focus-whiplash/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">whiplash effect\u003c/a>” that Andy Revkin has talked about: \u003ci>Climate change is a hoax\u003c/i>, or \u003ci>Climate change is far worse than we thought\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You have about as many Twitter followers as CJR—\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>—and more than many news outlets. You curate a lot of reporting and criticism concerning the climate crisis and the environmental changes of a warming planet. How do you engage that audience responsibly?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I need some humility, I’ll look at how many followers Miley Cyrus has. [\u003ci>Editor’s note: She has 43.9 million.\u003c/i>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not necessarily an objective measure of the intellectual contribution you’re making to the public discourse. And I recognize that. And, I guess, I feel like I’ve been given this great privilege of having a fairly large following, and I have a responsibility to use it responsibly. I do my best to do that, but I’m a human being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media is often about the moment, the here-and-now, the hot take. We respond to impulses, to individual events. We’re less good at seeing things in broader context. I try to be aware of that, and I try to control my impulses. If something makes me really angry and I want to react, I’ll try to catch myself. I try to be as constructive as I can. I try to provide what I feel is important context to news articles and commentary that will help people see the climate crisis more broadly, and more deeply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You responded on social media to misinformation published about your court case against Tim Ball. After I saw your responses, I realized hadn’t seen any coverage from actual news outlets. Is there some conclusion about the press to draw from that?\u003c/b>\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d say in a phrase, \u003ci>Fool me once\u003c/i>. I think the journalism community learned its lesson from the so-called “Climategate” affair. Climate-change deniers and the organizations that front for the fossil-fuel industry did a very good job at putting huge amounts of pressure on journalists to cover this fake story. Eventually, the mainstream media took the bait, because, well, \u003ci>If there’s this much smoke\u003c/i>. Of course, it took a while for the various investigations to play out. Ultimately, when they did, what we saw was: there was no fire. The only wrongdoing was the theft of the emails. There was no indiscretion on the part of the scientists. The denial machine sort of lost its credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, I think it’s now a damp squib, but [climate-change deniers] generated a solid week or so of noise and distraction, and I actually think it folds into something larger. Right now, we’re seeing \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16092019/trollbot-twitter-climate-change-attacks-disinformation-campaign-mann-mckenna-greta-targeted\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an uptick in online climate-denial trolling\u003c/a> and bot armies being deployed to promote misinformation and disinformation. We see that in attacks on folks like Greta Thunberg, who’s become the figurehead of the youth climate movement. OPEC declared the movement “perhaps the greatest threat to our industry.” There’s all this ire and vitriol that’s been directed her way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has happened in the past. “Climategate” was intended to distract the public and policymakers going into the Copenhagen summit, back in December 2009. I think we’ve seen an uptick in denialist trolling and bot armies in the lead-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">to this UN summit\u003c/a>. I’ve seen other people comment on that; I think there’s clear recognition that there’s a ramping-up of this disinformation machine right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/covering_climate_now/michael-mann-climategate-franzen.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/covering_climate_now/michael-mann-climategate-franzen.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Columbia Journalism Review\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Want to Prevent California’s Katrina? Grow a Marsh",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">Something is amiss on Sherman Island, a whale-shaped swath of farm and grazing land at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. If you don’t know what ails the place, it might be hard to pinpoint the problem. The island, in the Sacramento Delta, is roughly 16 square miles. Its asphalt roads, cracked and sagging at the edges, look like cheese melted over a lumpy pizza. The telephone\u003cbr>\npoles, many of them kept erect by taut guy-wires, stand conspicuously at non-right angles. The landscape feels Dr. Seussian—a wacky, slightly absurdist version of farmland, right down to the exaggerated industrial backdrop: a steady stream of cars driving past on State Highway 160, which traverses the island; steaming smokestacks from the power plant across the river; the Antioch Bridge arcing dramatically over the San Joaquin River; enormous wind turbines turning lazily on a hill to the northwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"251\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\">\u003c/a>What’s wrong?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing 10 feet below sea level,” Bryan Brock, an engineer with California’s Department of Water Resources, told me during a visit in May. Brock, who has a white-blond goatee sprouting from his chin like tuft grass, evinced supreme calm as he explained: “None of these people realize it driving past, but they’re below sea level. And that’s a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land here, and hundreds of thousands of acres elsewhere in the Delta, began to sink in the late 1800s as people started draining the region’s vast wetlands. As they walled off rivers and created dry islands from what was previously soggy marsh, they discovered incredibly rich soil. In contrast to other fertile regions like Iowa, where topsoil two feet deep was considered bounteous when farmers began plowing it in the 19th century, Delta peat soils—created over thousands of years, by wetland plants growing and dying and not quite decomposing—could be 50 feet deep. No one foresaw that this very bounty—soil rich with organic material—would, over time, become a curse of sorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River and marsh bottoms typically have low oxygen levels, which slows the decomposition of organic material that collects there. That organic material contains copious amounts of carbon. Once the waterlogged Delta soils dried out, microbes began to consume the organic detritus, transforming it into gas. Millions of tons of solid ground started going up into the air as microbial exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the land began to sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, including parts of Sherman Island, the land has now subsided 25 feet since the late 1800s—and continues to sink between half an inch and 1.5 inches yearly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “islands” aren’t really islands at all anymore, Brock told me, but empty bathtubs whose bottoms are receding. The deepening cauldrons, now sitting well below sea level, are creating a situation that grows more precarious with each passing year. The more the islands sink, the greater the pressure on the aging mounded dirt levees that keep the water back, and the greater the likelihood that they’ll fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This situation, called subsidence, worries the California Department of Water Resources and many others, not just because farmers could lose pasture and farmland, but because much of the water that irrigates the Central Valley, and that many Californians depend on for drinking water, is pumped through a sprawling network of canals from the Delta. A large enough breach of those levees—especially if it affected many of the Delta’s 57 islands simultaneously—could hamper the flow of fresh water to the Central Valley, leaving huge swaths of the state without usable water for months, even years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brock describes the mechanics of the threat as the “big gulp.” Water in the 1,100-square-mile Delta—nearly the size of Rhode Island—sits at sea level. Only the pressure of the fresh water flowing down the leveed Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers prevents salt water from the San Francisco Bay from pushing inland. If many levees fail at once, the fresh water that otherwise keeps the salt water away would rush to fill all those empty bathtubs. Brackish water from San Francisco Bay would then flow inland. The water used to irrigate the Central Valley and its $17 billion agricultural economy, and the drinking water for about 25 million people, could become salty and unusable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s Katrina on steroids,” Dennis Baldocchi, a professor of biometeorology at UC Berkeley who studies the Delta, told me. “We’re a $4 trillion economy. Think of shutting down water for 30 million Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the region is prone to earthquakes—and because faults pass right through the Delta region—an earthquake that could trigger a catastrophic levee failure, defined as 20 islands flooding at once, has a 62 percent chance of occurring in the next two decades if subsidence isn’t addressed, DWR’s own analysis suggests. The event would likely incur tens of billions of dollars’ worth of damage and could take a year-and-a-half to repair. Nor is the flooding of Delta islands unprecedented. When Jones Tract, a Delta island, flooded in 2004, the damage cost $90 million to fix. In earlier times, several islands that were inundated were simply abandoned: Google Maps reveals lakes—the Mildred Tract, Franks Tract— where farmland once existed, discernible by the ring-shaped remains of levees rising, like coral atolls, from the Delta water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not paying attention,” Baldocchi told me; the disaster-in-waiting, he asserts, has not drawn the concern it deserves. Action to address the problem has been stymied for years by, in part, the sheer number and variety of agencies, sometimes with competing agendas, operating in the Delta. Interagency rivalry and distrust have yielded what Ray Seed, a UC Berkeley professor of environmental engineering and an expert on the Delta, once described as a “60- to 70-year stalemate” in which “we will all lose together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s truly a wicked problem,” agrees Campbell Ingram, head of the Delta Conservancy, a state agency tasked with ecosystem restoration in the area. Yet for the first time in his 13-plus years working on the issue, he says, the majority of stakeholders now concur that the subsidence issue needs to be addressed urgently. “We’re kind of in this weird space where we simultaneously can’t \u003cem>prevent\u003c/em> the Delta from failing, and we can’t \u003cem>allow\u003c/em> it to fail,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One solution is for the landowners, with some state funding, to keep repairing the levees, building them higher and wider. But as sea levels rise and the islands continue to subside, the costs of fortifying and maintaining the structures may exceed the value of the land and agricultural production behind them, says Alf Brandt, counsel to the State Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. For some of the deepest islands, the conclusion of that cost-benefit analysis already looks unfavorable, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, DWR has been working on another more ecosystem-based fix. Since the 1990s, the agency has experimentally re-flooded pieces of land in the Delta, with the goal of reestablishing wetlands like those that created the soil in the first place. The reasoning is that once wet, the land will stop losing carbon and the sinking will come to a halt. Even if that doesn’t entirely resolve the problem, Ingram says, it prevents the situation from getting worse. And over the long term, marsh plants may, through photosynthesis, capture enough carbon from the atmosphere that the ground begins rising again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s through this last mechanism—plants’ ability to pull carbon from the atmosphere—that a project originally conceived to protect California’s water infrastructure has, over the years, evolved into something more interdisciplinary, and of potentially greater importance. Although they can produce powerful greenhouse gases, wetlands can also sequester and store immense quantities of carbon. Policymakers have historically ignored these places in discussions about greenhouse gas emissions, but that’s now changing as they come to appreciate the huge stores of carbon that wetlands already contain—and the large quantities of greenhouse gases they release when destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An expanding body of research has prompted land managers to consider, for the first time, creating wetland carbon credits that might be traded in carbon markets. In California, at least, efforts to address one worsening disaster could enable prevention of another. Mounting anxiety over global heating may be what spurs creation of carbon credits that, by providing funding for Delta wetland restoration, also produce badly needed funds to protect California’s water infrastructure. “It would have been great to have done this 30 or 40 years ago,” Kristopher Tjernell, deputy director of DWR’s Integrated Watershed Management Program, told me. “But you know, it wasn’t ripe. And it’s ripe now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">“Blue carbon” refers to carbon momentarily trapped—or slowed down, really—in waterlogged ecosystems. Because the microbes that break down carbon in wet conditions work much more slowly than those in more aerated environs and through different biochemical pathways, wetland ecosystems can accumulate and store far more carbon per acre than forests and savannas can. Scientists have known this in a roundabout way for a long time: After all, the coal and oil deposits that have fueled civilization since the Industrial Revolution come from ancient marsh and marine ecosystems that, after accumulating huge quantities of carbon, were buried and fossilized over millions of years. Fossil fuels, you might say, are an aged form of blue carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, policymakers and scientists have been daunted by the many variables involved in calculating the amount of carbon held in wetlands and, more broadly, in the web of living things we call the biosphere, according to Stephen Crooks, cofounder of Silvestrum Climate associates in San Francisco. It’s far more complicated than quantifying how much comes out of smokestacks and tailpipes, he says: “It was seen as more challenging and somewhat scary to include.” But the omission has always been, in his view, untenable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, about 450 million tons of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere yearly from wetland degradation—destroyed mangrove forests, drained marshes, and smothered seagrass beds. That’s equal to the yearly human-caused greenhouse gas emissions of France, the U.K., or California. “When your emissions are the size of California’s economy and you weren’t counting it,” he told me, “that’s a very big surprise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetland ecosystems comprise just 5 to 8 percent of the planet’s land area but contain between 20 and 30 percent of the world’s soil carbon. “When you destroy a wetland, you can release thousands of years of carbon in just a few decades,” Crooks says. On the flip side, by preserving wetlands, you can protect millennia’s worth of accumulated carbon with, in theory, relatively little effort. The Sacramento Delta, the largest estuary along the western edge of the Americas, has become a test case for this idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta may have once held the largest freshwater wetland carbon reserves on the West Coast. Since it was drained over a century ago, it has released an amount of carbon equal to one-quarter of California’s forests—all the redwoods, pines, and oaks in the nation’s third-largest state, according to Baldocchi and his colleagues. And it’s still emitting carbon. Although it comprises less than 1 percent of the state’s cropland, every year the Delta releases a quantity of carbon equal to one-quarter of all plant-related agriculture—all the tractors, plows, and combine harvesters operated in the state. “I’ve been making measurements my whole career, and I’ve never seen fluxes as large as what’s happening from these peat soils,” Baldocchi told me. The near-term goal in the Delta, and in any degraded wetland really, is to stop subsidence and emissions. The longer-term goal is to reverse them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crossing over the blue-gray San Joaquin River on the Antioch Bridge, you can just glimpse the glittering wetlands to the west on Sherman Island. They’re easy to miss at 60 miles an hour. But as I stood with Brock on a wooden walkway a few feet above them in May, the low roar of the semi-industrial landscape—cars speeding over the bridge and boats motoring by on the other side of the levee—receded as I watched birds flit acrobatically among the rustling tule reeds and dragonflies hover over the dark water. The wetlands, hemmed in as they are by levees, roads, and fields of grazing cows, look remarkably healthy. They represent the implementation phase of DWR’s ongoing project, which seeks to shore up the threatened levees by creating wetlands on their subsided “bathtub” sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Isn’t it beautiful,” Brock said, looking out over the reeds. “Sometimes nature can do things better than humans.” Which is not to say the DWR restoration project was as easy as opening the floodgates and watching the cattails return. Before water was allowed back, he explained, the land had to be carefully sculpted to ensure the optimal water depth for marsh plants to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brock’s predecessors created the first experimental wetlands, on nearby Twitchell Island, in the 1990s. Not only did bringing water back halt the loss of carbon from the soil and stop subsidence, experts discovered, but the wetland plants grew so rapidly that, as they died and left tangled masses of roots and stalks, they raised the elevation of ground at an average rate of 4 centimeters per year. A common assertion among soil scientists is that an inch of topsoil takes a century to accumulate, maybe longer. But these wetland plants were turning carbon dioxide into solid earth at a rate observable by humans from one year to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, given the magnitude of the subsidence problem, that rate of soil accretion can seem sorely inadequate. It will take roughly 150 years to get the most sunken areas of these islands back to sea level, Baldocchi told me. “People have trouble thinking in 100-year time scales,” he said. “We can’t get bored with these projects in 15 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the long-term time frame doesn’t mean we have to wait till the end for the project to bear fruit. Campbell Ingram of the Delta Conservancy emphasizes the importance of “stopping increased risk”—of halting subsidence. What’s key to understand, he says, is that the risk of levee breach does not increase linearly with subsidence, but exponentially. So by halting subsidence, you prevent the ballooning probability of catastrophic failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the ground regains just a few feet over the years, the risk of catastrophe declines non-linearly as well. Meaning you don’t need to grow the ground back to sea level to dramatically reduce the possibility of a calamitous breach. Some modeling suggests that just gaining half the lost ground back—about 50 to 75 years as opposed to 150—could bring the likelihood of widespread failure to nearly zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, the major challenge facing the project is how to reach a scale of wetland restoration that’s meaningful for the greater Delta. DWR has so far flooded about 1,700 acres in four separate wetlands. But altogether there are about 250,000 acres of deeply subsided land in the Delta, most of it owned by farmers. So success depends in part on convincing farmers to forgo cash crops and flood their land instead, something that’s unlikely to happen without adequate monetary incentive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, Ingram says, the state would pay farmers to convert cropland to wetland. (There is also an intermediate option, a wetland that sustains a crop: rice in flooded fields. In experiments, rice paddies stopped subsidence, but they didn’t reverse it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does have a relatively new program, called the Healthy Soils Initiative, whereby state money goes to farmers who implement practices thought to benefit soil health. It’s a model of what’s possible, Ingram says, but regrettably no such program exists for Delta wetlands. Marsh provides critical habitat for various species, so other income sources for farmers might include duck clubs or federal and state programs that pay for creation of endangered-animal habitat. But for now Ingram is betting on carbon markets, particularly California’s cap-and-trade system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to get to a point where a farmer wakes up and says, ‘I can earn more flooding my land than growing corn,’” Ingram told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established in 2006 by the law AB32, the cap-and-trade system seeks to reduce the state’s greenhouse gas emissions by harnessing market forces. The state establishes an upper limit on greenhouse gas pollution—the cap—and then gives polluters a certain number of allowances to emit the offending gases. The quantity of allowances given out declines over time, forcing polluters to either clean up their operations or to purchase allowances from polluters who have a surfeit. Polluters can also buy a certain number of offset carbon credits from projects that either prevent the emission of greenhouse gases or remove them from the atmosphere. This is where restored Delta marshes might come in—as a source of offset credits for purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ingram and Steve Deverel—one of the scientists who, when with USGS, conducted the original pilot projects on reversing subsidence in the Delta and is now with the consulting firm Hydrofocus—developed a Delta wetland carbon protocol that the American Carbon Registry approved in 2017. Meaning that they can sell offsets in the voluntary carbon market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval for the state’s cap-and-trade system, where offset credits now trade for roughly double the rate seen on the voluntary market and might actually compete with earnings from crops, is likely a year-and-a-half away, Ingram says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And these are complicated carbon offsets. Freshwater wetland plants can pull carbon from the atmosphere at a spectacular rate—about 5.7 tons per acre per year in the Delta—but freshwater wetlands also emit the greenhouse gas methane, which has about 30 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide. According to Baldocchi, the warming caused by the methane released from Delta wetlands about equals, in the short term, the cooling potential of the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"entry-content\">\n\u003cp>Why go through all the trouble, then, if we end up right where we started? Think of it as preventive medicine. By re-flooding one acre of peatland in the Sacramento Delta, you prevent between 10 and 20 tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere—via the organic material that microbes would have turned into gas if the land remained dry. That’s equivalent to between two and four years of driving your average car. In addition, you prevent worsening of the subsidence problem and its threat to the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisamarie Windham-Myers, a scientist with USGS, thinks she may eventually be able to improve the climate-cooling potential of these wetlands by emulating what happens in certain marshes that \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em> produce greenhouse gases. Saltwater and brackish marshes don’t release nearly as much methane as freshwater wetlands, she explains. That’s because ocean water contains sulfate, which changes the biochemical pathways available to microbes that break down organic material. With sulfate present, instead of creating methane as a byproduct, microbes produce sulfide, which isn’t a greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Windham-Myers studies the Suisun marshes, not far from Sherman Island. She’s found that even trace amounts of sulfate in the water prevent those counterproductive methane emissions. In Suisun, the sulfate comes from the small quantity of seawater that pushes into the system from San Francisco Bay. But even freshwater systems, she emphasizes, can contain trace amounts of sulfate—or iron, which also prevents methane production. In fact, she has observed that methane emissions from different parts of the restored DWR wetlands vary greatly, likely because of how water moves through them—carrying tiny concentrations of sulfate or iron to some areas, but not to others. Once scientists better understand such dynamics, they may be able to control the flow of water through resurrected wetlands in a way that limits methane, increases the net climate benefit, and raises the value of the carbon credit sold against restored Delta wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The role of hydrology is definitely emerging as a knob we can turn,” Windham-Myers told me. “Let’s fine-tune these wetlands to make them as amazing as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/want-to-prevent-californias-katrina-grow-a-marsh/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Moises Velasquez-Manoff is Bay Nature’s senior editor and the author of An Epidemic of Absence.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">Something is amiss on Sherman Island, a whale-shaped swath of farm and grazing land at the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. If you don’t know what ails the place, it might be hard to pinpoint the problem. The island, in the Sacramento Delta, is roughly 16 square miles. Its asphalt roads, cracked and sagging at the edges, look like cheese melted over a lumpy pizza. The telephone\u003cbr>\npoles, many of them kept erect by taut guy-wires, stand conspicuously at non-right angles. The landscape feels Dr. Seussian—a wacky, slightly absurdist version of farmland, right down to the exaggerated industrial backdrop: a steady stream of cars driving past on State Highway 160, which traverses the island; steaming smokestacks from the power plant across the river; the Antioch Bridge arcing dramatically over the San Joaquin River; enormous wind turbines turning lazily on a hill to the northwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"251\" height=\"251\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\">\u003c/a>What’s wrong?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing 10 feet below sea level,” Bryan Brock, an engineer with California’s Department of Water Resources, told me during a visit in May. Brock, who has a white-blond goatee sprouting from his chin like tuft grass, evinced supreme calm as he explained: “None of these people realize it driving past, but they’re below sea level. And that’s a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The land here, and hundreds of thousands of acres elsewhere in the Delta, began to sink in the late 1800s as people started draining the region’s vast wetlands. As they walled off rivers and created dry islands from what was previously soggy marsh, they discovered incredibly rich soil. In contrast to other fertile regions like Iowa, where topsoil two feet deep was considered bounteous when farmers began plowing it in the 19th century, Delta peat soils—created over thousands of years, by wetland plants growing and dying and not quite decomposing—could be 50 feet deep. No one foresaw that this very bounty—soil rich with organic material—would, over time, become a curse of sorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River and marsh bottoms typically have low oxygen levels, which slows the decomposition of organic material that collects there. That organic material contains copious amounts of carbon. Once the waterlogged Delta soils dried out, microbes began to consume the organic detritus, transforming it into gas. Millions of tons of solid ground started going up into the air as microbial exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the land began to sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, including parts of Sherman Island, the land has now subsided 25 feet since the late 1800s—and continues to sink between half an inch and 1.5 inches yearly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “islands” aren’t really islands at all anymore, Brock told me, but empty bathtubs whose bottoms are receding. The deepening cauldrons, now sitting well below sea level, are creating a situation that grows more precarious with each passing year. The more the islands sink, the greater the pressure on the aging mounded dirt levees that keep the water back, and the greater the likelihood that they’ll fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This situation, called subsidence, worries the California Department of Water Resources and many others, not just because farmers could lose pasture and farmland, but because much of the water that irrigates the Central Valley, and that many Californians depend on for drinking water, is pumped through a sprawling network of canals from the Delta. A large enough breach of those levees—especially if it affected many of the Delta’s 57 islands simultaneously—could hamper the flow of fresh water to the Central Valley, leaving huge swaths of the state without usable water for months, even years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brock describes the mechanics of the threat as the “big gulp.” Water in the 1,100-square-mile Delta—nearly the size of Rhode Island—sits at sea level. Only the pressure of the fresh water flowing down the leveed Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers prevents salt water from the San Francisco Bay from pushing inland. If many levees fail at once, the fresh water that otherwise keeps the salt water away would rush to fill all those empty bathtubs. Brackish water from San Francisco Bay would then flow inland. The water used to irrigate the Central Valley and its $17 billion agricultural economy, and the drinking water for about 25 million people, could become salty and unusable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s Katrina on steroids,” Dennis Baldocchi, a professor of biometeorology at UC Berkeley who studies the Delta, told me. “We’re a $4 trillion economy. Think of shutting down water for 30 million Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the region is prone to earthquakes—and because faults pass right through the Delta region—an earthquake that could trigger a catastrophic levee failure, defined as 20 islands flooding at once, has a 62 percent chance of occurring in the next two decades if subsidence isn’t addressed, DWR’s own analysis suggests. The event would likely incur tens of billions of dollars’ worth of damage and could take a year-and-a-half to repair. Nor is the flooding of Delta islands unprecedented. When Jones Tract, a Delta island, flooded in 2004, the damage cost $90 million to fix. In earlier times, several islands that were inundated were simply abandoned: Google Maps reveals lakes—the Mildred Tract, Franks Tract— where farmland once existed, discernible by the ring-shaped remains of levees rising, like coral atolls, from the Delta water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not paying attention,” Baldocchi told me; the disaster-in-waiting, he asserts, has not drawn the concern it deserves. Action to address the problem has been stymied for years by, in part, the sheer number and variety of agencies, sometimes with competing agendas, operating in the Delta. Interagency rivalry and distrust have yielded what Ray Seed, a UC Berkeley professor of environmental engineering and an expert on the Delta, once described as a “60- to 70-year stalemate” in which “we will all lose together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s truly a wicked problem,” agrees Campbell Ingram, head of the Delta Conservancy, a state agency tasked with ecosystem restoration in the area. Yet for the first time in his 13-plus years working on the issue, he says, the majority of stakeholders now concur that the subsidence issue needs to be addressed urgently. “We’re kind of in this weird space where we simultaneously can’t \u003cem>prevent\u003c/em> the Delta from failing, and we can’t \u003cem>allow\u003c/em> it to fail,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One solution is for the landowners, with some state funding, to keep repairing the levees, building them higher and wider. But as sea levels rise and the islands continue to subside, the costs of fortifying and maintaining the structures may exceed the value of the land and agricultural production behind them, says Alf Brandt, counsel to the State Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. For some of the deepest islands, the conclusion of that cost-benefit analysis already looks unfavorable, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, DWR has been working on another more ecosystem-based fix. Since the 1990s, the agency has experimentally re-flooded pieces of land in the Delta, with the goal of reestablishing wetlands like those that created the soil in the first place. The reasoning is that once wet, the land will stop losing carbon and the sinking will come to a halt. Even if that doesn’t entirely resolve the problem, Ingram says, it prevents the situation from getting worse. And over the long term, marsh plants may, through photosynthesis, capture enough carbon from the atmosphere that the ground begins rising again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s through this last mechanism—plants’ ability to pull carbon from the atmosphere—that a project originally conceived to protect California’s water infrastructure has, over the years, evolved into something more interdisciplinary, and of potentially greater importance. Although they can produce powerful greenhouse gases, wetlands can also sequester and store immense quantities of carbon. Policymakers have historically ignored these places in discussions about greenhouse gas emissions, but that’s now changing as they come to appreciate the huge stores of carbon that wetlands already contain—and the large quantities of greenhouse gases they release when destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An expanding body of research has prompted land managers to consider, for the first time, creating wetland carbon credits that might be traded in carbon markets. In California, at least, efforts to address one worsening disaster could enable prevention of another. Mounting anxiety over global heating may be what spurs creation of carbon credits that, by providing funding for Delta wetland restoration, also produce badly needed funds to protect California’s water infrastructure. “It would have been great to have done this 30 or 40 years ago,” Kristopher Tjernell, deputy director of DWR’s Integrated Watershed Management Program, told me. “But you know, it wasn’t ripe. And it’s ripe now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"has-drop-cap\">“Blue carbon” refers to carbon momentarily trapped—or slowed down, really—in waterlogged ecosystems. Because the microbes that break down carbon in wet conditions work much more slowly than those in more aerated environs and through different biochemical pathways, wetland ecosystems can accumulate and store far more carbon per acre than forests and savannas can. Scientists have known this in a roundabout way for a long time: After all, the coal and oil deposits that have fueled civilization since the Industrial Revolution come from ancient marsh and marine ecosystems that, after accumulating huge quantities of carbon, were buried and fossilized over millions of years. Fossil fuels, you might say, are an aged form of blue carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, policymakers and scientists have been daunted by the many variables involved in calculating the amount of carbon held in wetlands and, more broadly, in the web of living things we call the biosphere, according to Stephen Crooks, cofounder of Silvestrum Climate associates in San Francisco. It’s far more complicated than quantifying how much comes out of smokestacks and tailpipes, he says: “It was seen as more challenging and somewhat scary to include.” But the omission has always been, in his view, untenable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, about 450 million tons of carbon dioxide enter the atmosphere yearly from wetland degradation—destroyed mangrove forests, drained marshes, and smothered seagrass beds. That’s equal to the yearly human-caused greenhouse gas emissions of France, the U.K., or California. “When your emissions are the size of California’s economy and you weren’t counting it,” he told me, “that’s a very big surprise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetland ecosystems comprise just 5 to 8 percent of the planet’s land area but contain between 20 and 30 percent of the world’s soil carbon. “When you destroy a wetland, you can release thousands of years of carbon in just a few decades,” Crooks says. On the flip side, by preserving wetlands, you can protect millennia’s worth of accumulated carbon with, in theory, relatively little effort. The Sacramento Delta, the largest estuary along the western edge of the Americas, has become a test case for this idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta may have once held the largest freshwater wetland carbon reserves on the West Coast. Since it was drained over a century ago, it has released an amount of carbon equal to one-quarter of California’s forests—all the redwoods, pines, and oaks in the nation’s third-largest state, according to Baldocchi and his colleagues. And it’s still emitting carbon. Although it comprises less than 1 percent of the state’s cropland, every year the Delta releases a quantity of carbon equal to one-quarter of all plant-related agriculture—all the tractors, plows, and combine harvesters operated in the state. “I’ve been making measurements my whole career, and I’ve never seen fluxes as large as what’s happening from these peat soils,” Baldocchi told me. The near-term goal in the Delta, and in any degraded wetland really, is to stop subsidence and emissions. The longer-term goal is to reverse them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crossing over the blue-gray San Joaquin River on the Antioch Bridge, you can just glimpse the glittering wetlands to the west on Sherman Island. They’re easy to miss at 60 miles an hour. But as I stood with Brock on a wooden walkway a few feet above them in May, the low roar of the semi-industrial landscape—cars speeding over the bridge and boats motoring by on the other side of the levee—receded as I watched birds flit acrobatically among the rustling tule reeds and dragonflies hover over the dark water. The wetlands, hemmed in as they are by levees, roads, and fields of grazing cows, look remarkably healthy. They represent the implementation phase of DWR’s ongoing project, which seeks to shore up the threatened levees by creating wetlands on their subsided “bathtub” sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Isn’t it beautiful,” Brock said, looking out over the reeds. “Sometimes nature can do things better than humans.” Which is not to say the DWR restoration project was as easy as opening the floodgates and watching the cattails return. Before water was allowed back, he explained, the land had to be carefully sculpted to ensure the optimal water depth for marsh plants to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brock’s predecessors created the first experimental wetlands, on nearby Twitchell Island, in the 1990s. Not only did bringing water back halt the loss of carbon from the soil and stop subsidence, experts discovered, but the wetland plants grew so rapidly that, as they died and left tangled masses of roots and stalks, they raised the elevation of ground at an average rate of 4 centimeters per year. A common assertion among soil scientists is that an inch of topsoil takes a century to accumulate, maybe longer. But these wetland plants were turning carbon dioxide into solid earth at a rate observable by humans from one year to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, given the magnitude of the subsidence problem, that rate of soil accretion can seem sorely inadequate. It will take roughly 150 years to get the most sunken areas of these islands back to sea level, Baldocchi told me. “People have trouble thinking in 100-year time scales,” he said. “We can’t get bored with these projects in 15 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the long-term time frame doesn’t mean we have to wait till the end for the project to bear fruit. Campbell Ingram of the Delta Conservancy emphasizes the importance of “stopping increased risk”—of halting subsidence. What’s key to understand, he says, is that the risk of levee breach does not increase linearly with subsidence, but exponentially. So by halting subsidence, you prevent the ballooning probability of catastrophic failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if the ground regains just a few feet over the years, the risk of catastrophe declines non-linearly as well. Meaning you don’t need to grow the ground back to sea level to dramatically reduce the possibility of a calamitous breach. Some modeling suggests that just gaining half the lost ground back—about 50 to 75 years as opposed to 150—could bring the likelihood of widespread failure to nearly zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, the major challenge facing the project is how to reach a scale of wetland restoration that’s meaningful for the greater Delta. DWR has so far flooded about 1,700 acres in four separate wetlands. But altogether there are about 250,000 acres of deeply subsided land in the Delta, most of it owned by farmers. So success depends in part on convincing farmers to forgo cash crops and flood their land instead, something that’s unlikely to happen without adequate monetary incentive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, Ingram says, the state would pay farmers to convert cropland to wetland. (There is also an intermediate option, a wetland that sustains a crop: rice in flooded fields. In experiments, rice paddies stopped subsidence, but they didn’t reverse it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does have a relatively new program, called the Healthy Soils Initiative, whereby state money goes to farmers who implement practices thought to benefit soil health. It’s a model of what’s possible, Ingram says, but regrettably no such program exists for Delta wetlands. Marsh provides critical habitat for various species, so other income sources for farmers might include duck clubs or federal and state programs that pay for creation of endangered-animal habitat. But for now Ingram is betting on carbon markets, particularly California’s cap-and-trade system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to get to a point where a farmer wakes up and says, ‘I can earn more flooding my land than growing corn,’” Ingram told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established in 2006 by the law AB32, the cap-and-trade system seeks to reduce the state’s greenhouse gas emissions by harnessing market forces. The state establishes an upper limit on greenhouse gas pollution—the cap—and then gives polluters a certain number of allowances to emit the offending gases. The quantity of allowances given out declines over time, forcing polluters to either clean up their operations or to purchase allowances from polluters who have a surfeit. Polluters can also buy a certain number of offset carbon credits from projects that either prevent the emission of greenhouse gases or remove them from the atmosphere. This is where restored Delta marshes might come in—as a source of offset credits for purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ingram and Steve Deverel—one of the scientists who, when with USGS, conducted the original pilot projects on reversing subsidence in the Delta and is now with the consulting firm Hydrofocus—developed a Delta wetland carbon protocol that the American Carbon Registry approved in 2017. Meaning that they can sell offsets in the voluntary carbon market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Approval for the state’s cap-and-trade system, where offset credits now trade for roughly double the rate seen on the voluntary market and might actually compete with earnings from crops, is likely a year-and-a-half away, Ingram says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And these are complicated carbon offsets. Freshwater wetland plants can pull carbon from the atmosphere at a spectacular rate—about 5.7 tons per acre per year in the Delta—but freshwater wetlands also emit the greenhouse gas methane, which has about 30 times the warming potential of carbon dioxide. According to Baldocchi, the warming caused by the methane released from Delta wetlands about equals, in the short term, the cooling potential of the carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"entry-content\">\n\u003cp>Why go through all the trouble, then, if we end up right where we started? Think of it as preventive medicine. By re-flooding one acre of peatland in the Sacramento Delta, you prevent between 10 and 20 tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere—via the organic material that microbes would have turned into gas if the land remained dry. That’s equivalent to between two and four years of driving your average car. In addition, you prevent worsening of the subsidence problem and its threat to the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisamarie Windham-Myers, a scientist with USGS, thinks she may eventually be able to improve the climate-cooling potential of these wetlands by emulating what happens in certain marshes that \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em> produce greenhouse gases. Saltwater and brackish marshes don’t release nearly as much methane as freshwater wetlands, she explains. That’s because ocean water contains sulfate, which changes the biochemical pathways available to microbes that break down organic material. With sulfate present, instead of creating methane as a byproduct, microbes produce sulfide, which isn’t a greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Windham-Myers studies the Suisun marshes, not far from Sherman Island. She’s found that even trace amounts of sulfate in the water prevent those counterproductive methane emissions. In Suisun, the sulfate comes from the small quantity of seawater that pushes into the system from San Francisco Bay. But even freshwater systems, she emphasizes, can contain trace amounts of sulfate—or iron, which also prevents methane production. In fact, she has observed that methane emissions from different parts of the restored DWR wetlands vary greatly, likely because of how water moves through them—carrying tiny concentrations of sulfate or iron to some areas, but not to others. Once scientists better understand such dynamics, they may be able to control the flow of water through resurrected wetlands in a way that limits methane, increases the net climate benefit, and raises the value of the carbon credit sold against restored Delta wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The role of hydrology is definitely emerging as a knob we can turn,” Windham-Myers told me. “Let’s fine-tune these wetlands to make them as amazing as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/want-to-prevent-californias-katrina-grow-a-marsh/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Nature\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Moises Velasquez-Manoff is Bay Nature’s senior editor and the author of An Epidemic of Absence.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Former Governor Jerry Brown is continuing his international statesmanship on climate change, even out of office. He’s leading a new \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/09/23/uc-berkeley-former-gov-jerry-brown-partner-with-china-to-spur-climate-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research partnership\u003c/a> between UC Berkeley and Tsinghua University in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-China Climate Institute, launched Monday, Sept. 23, will focus on research and information-sharing about clean transportation, climate policy and adaptation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown first began meeting with Chinese officials as governor to urge action on climate change, especially after President Trump announced he intends to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Lauren Sommer spoke with Brown about what he hopes to accomplish outside of government channels. The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Working with China on climate change was something you started while you were governor. What are you hoping this Institute will do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will open doors with China at a time when they’re being closed throughout the American-China overall relationship. And the door opening will be in terms of climate change, dialogue, joint research, working together on a problem that, no matter what other problems exist, this one is shared by the Chinese, by the Americans, by everyone in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a common danger, and because of my work with China and my work as governor, I felt that continuing through the University of California with the top climate man in China at Tsinghua University would be a good next step in my work to reduce climate emissions and work toward a more sustainable world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And what have you heard from that University and from the Chinese government? What would they really like to partner with California and this Institute on in particular?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have technical exchanges on cap-and-trade, carbon pricing, appliance and building efficiency, battery storage, zero emission vehicles. Those are all policies that California is pursuing, as well as China. And we need to mutually strive to do much, much more. California is doing more than most places in the world, but it isn’t even a fraction of what it will take to get to net zero carbon emissions. Same with China, they’re still growing their emissions. So even though there’s a lot of good things going on, good research, some good laws and regulations, we need to step up our ambition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s the point of the Institute, to bring trained scientists, policy leaders and other people who can have some impact together and work first on the subject matter, but to push against the climate deniers, President Trump and the Republicans or whomever, who are denying the facts and are working, although they may not know it, to actually cause great damage that will result in suffering and death for untold numbers of people in the world. So this is a matter of utmost significance to China, to California, to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China is the top emitter of carbon in the world and certainly it’s a country that still relies on coal power. Do you think an institute like this could actually make a measurable difference in global emissions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t tell you, because it hasn’t happened yet, but I’m certainly going to push for quicker retirement of coal, quicker adoption of zero emission vehicle standards. So that California’s own effort in these regards can also prosper. I don’t want to be isolated in California, but I like the fact that the largest country in the world, China, has California-style automobile emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is burning a lot of coal. America still gets 40% of its electric power from coal. So we’ve all got a lot to do and rather than point fingers and cursing the darkness, I want to shed some light and work together with China at the state level, but also at the national level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You mentioned President Trump and the relationship he’s had with China through trade tariffs and trade wars recently. What has your dialogue been like with China? Do you feel like the door is still open?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is open and our dialogue’s been positive, but we’re not dealing with the South China Sea or intellectual property or cyber intrusion or whatever all the different issues are. We’re dealing with the overarching common danger of climate change and we’ll continue to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a reason not to leave this for government channels? Is there a reason to do it this way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if you want to make me governor or president, I can do it through official channels, but pending that, I’m going to work through the University. It’s a venerable institution that has the brightest people in the world connected to it. And certainly UC Berkeley and Tsinghua in Beijing are real powerhouses and I’m going to do my best to direct some of that power at reducing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there something that this Institute, because it’s through universities, can do that maybe governments can’t?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re a little more intellectually honest. Politicians are not known for their depth or, in many cases, for their candor. Hopefully we can do better on both those accounts through working with university people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your administration worked on climate change quite a bit. What was the biggest impediment or what was the biggest challenge to getting things done in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inertia. The way it is, the way we are. We are talking about a fossil fuel civilization, from the development of coal and oil. This has driven mass prosperity and driven major population increase. Now what we’re talking about is changing the basis of our civilization to renewable energy, to elegant kinds of manufacturing and living so that we get on the side of nature and not create the kind of awful negative feedback that we’re doing today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The last few years haven’t dissuaded you from working on an issue like this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think we have enough evidence for total despair, but we don’t have enough evidence that we should be overly optimistic. Yes, there are dark clouds, with the heat-trapping gasses going up, I think, last year by more than ever in atmosphere. So yeah, time is running out and the dangers are real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Former Governor Jerry Brown is continuing his international statesmanship on climate change, even out of office. He’s leading a new \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2019/09/23/uc-berkeley-former-gov-jerry-brown-partner-with-china-to-spur-climate-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research partnership\u003c/a> between UC Berkeley and Tsinghua University in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-China Climate Institute, launched Monday, Sept. 23, will focus on research and information-sharing about clean transportation, climate policy and adaptation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown first began meeting with Chinese officials as governor to urge action on climate change, especially after President Trump announced he intends to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Lauren Sommer spoke with Brown about what he hopes to accomplish outside of government channels. The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Working with China on climate change was something you started while you were governor. What are you hoping this Institute will do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will open doors with China at a time when they’re being closed throughout the American-China overall relationship. And the door opening will be in terms of climate change, dialogue, joint research, working together on a problem that, no matter what other problems exist, this one is shared by the Chinese, by the Americans, by everyone in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a common danger, and because of my work with China and my work as governor, I felt that continuing through the University of California with the top climate man in China at Tsinghua University would be a good next step in my work to reduce climate emissions and work toward a more sustainable world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And what have you heard from that University and from the Chinese government? What would they really like to partner with California and this Institute on in particular?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have technical exchanges on cap-and-trade, carbon pricing, appliance and building efficiency, battery storage, zero emission vehicles. Those are all policies that California is pursuing, as well as China. And we need to mutually strive to do much, much more. California is doing more than most places in the world, but it isn’t even a fraction of what it will take to get to net zero carbon emissions. Same with China, they’re still growing their emissions. So even though there’s a lot of good things going on, good research, some good laws and regulations, we need to step up our ambition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s the point of the Institute, to bring trained scientists, policy leaders and other people who can have some impact together and work first on the subject matter, but to push against the climate deniers, President Trump and the Republicans or whomever, who are denying the facts and are working, although they may not know it, to actually cause great damage that will result in suffering and death for untold numbers of people in the world. So this is a matter of utmost significance to China, to California, to the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>China is the top emitter of carbon in the world and certainly it’s a country that still relies on coal power. Do you think an institute like this could actually make a measurable difference in global emissions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t tell you, because it hasn’t happened yet, but I’m certainly going to push for quicker retirement of coal, quicker adoption of zero emission vehicle standards. So that California’s own effort in these regards can also prosper. I don’t want to be isolated in California, but I like the fact that the largest country in the world, China, has California-style automobile emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is burning a lot of coal. America still gets 40% of its electric power from coal. So we’ve all got a lot to do and rather than point fingers and cursing the darkness, I want to shed some light and work together with China at the state level, but also at the national level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You mentioned President Trump and the relationship he’s had with China through trade tariffs and trade wars recently. What has your dialogue been like with China? Do you feel like the door is still open?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is open and our dialogue’s been positive, but we’re not dealing with the South China Sea or intellectual property or cyber intrusion or whatever all the different issues are. We’re dealing with the overarching common danger of climate change and we’ll continue to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a reason not to leave this for government channels? Is there a reason to do it this way?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if you want to make me governor or president, I can do it through official channels, but pending that, I’m going to work through the University. It’s a venerable institution that has the brightest people in the world connected to it. And certainly UC Berkeley and Tsinghua in Beijing are real powerhouses and I’m going to do my best to direct some of that power at reducing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there something that this Institute, because it’s through universities, can do that maybe governments can’t?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re a little more intellectually honest. Politicians are not known for their depth or, in many cases, for their candor. Hopefully we can do better on both those accounts through working with university people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your administration worked on climate change quite a bit. What was the biggest impediment or what was the biggest challenge to getting things done in California?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inertia. The way it is, the way we are. We are talking about a fossil fuel civilization, from the development of coal and oil. This has driven mass prosperity and driven major population increase. Now what we’re talking about is changing the basis of our civilization to renewable energy, to elegant kinds of manufacturing and living so that we get on the side of nature and not create the kind of awful negative feedback that we’re doing today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The last few years haven’t dissuaded you from working on an issue like this?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think we have enough evidence for total despair, but we don’t have enough evidence that we should be overly optimistic. Yes, there are dark clouds, with the heat-trapping gasses going up, I think, last year by more than ever in atmosphere. So yeah, time is running out and the dangers are real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "These Trees Survived California’s Drought and That’s Giving Scientists Hope for Climate Change",
"headTitle": "These Trees Survived California’s Drought and That’s Giving Scientists Hope for Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When California’s historic five-year drought finally relented a few years ago, the tally of dead trees in the Sierra Nevada was higher than almost anyone expected: 129 million. Most are still standing, the dry patches dotting the mountainsides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"209\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\">\u003c/a>But some trees did survive the test of heat and drought. Now, scientists are racing to collect them and other species around the globe in the hope that these “climate survivors” may have a natural advantage, allowing them to cope with a warming world a bit better than others in their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the north shore of Lake Tahoe, Patricia Maloney, a UC Davis forest and conservation biologist, hunts for these survivors. Most people focus on the dead trees, their brown pine needles standing out against the glittering blue of the lake. But Maloney tends not to notice them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look for the good,” she said. “Like in people, you look for the good, not the bad. I do the same in forest systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maloney studies sugar pines, a tree John Muir once called the “king” of conifers. “They have these huge, beautiful cones,” Maloney said. “They’re stunning trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sugar pines on these slopes endured some of the worst water stress in the region. Winter snowpack melts earliest on south-facing slopes, leaving the trees with little soil moisture over the summer. That opens the door for the trees’ tiny nemesis, which would deal the fatal blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"left\" citation=\"Steve Palumbi, Stanford\"]‘Evolution is a tool that we can bring to bear in helping us get through this future.’[/pullquote]“Here you have some really good mountain pine beetle galleries,” Maloney said, as she peeled the bark off a dead sugar pine to \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wR5O48zsbnc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show winding channels eaten into the wood\u003c/a>. “Like little beetle highways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine beetle outbreaks are a normal occurrence in the Sierra. As the beetles try to bore into the bark, pine trees can usually fight them off by spewing a sticky, gummy resin, entrapping the insects. But trees need water to make resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tank ran dry, and they weren’t able to mobilize any sort of resin,” Maloney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But next to this dead tree, Maloney points to one towering above, with healthy green pine needles. Somehow, it was able to fight the beetles off and survive the drought. As she’s found more and more of these survivors, Maloney has studied them, trying to figure out what their secret is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we found is that the ones that were green, like this one, were more water-use efficient than their dead counterparts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 515px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1947800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-800x666.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-800x666.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-768x639.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountain pine beetle larvae leave holes in sugar pine bark after emerging. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other words, the survivors had an innate ability to do more with less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual members of any species can vary dramatically, something tied to genetic differences. That diversity comes in handy when environmental conditions change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought, heat and beetle outbreaks in recent years put extreme pressure on sugar pines, creating a natural experiment that weeded out all but the toughest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’re seeing is contemporary natural selection,” Maloney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s trying to ensure their descendents survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a greenhouse at her Tahoe City field station, Maloney showed off a sea of young green trees in their own containers. These 10,000 sugar pine seedlings grew from seeds Maloney and her team collected from 100 of the surviving sugar pines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, these young trees will be replanted around Lake Tahoe, both on national forest and private land. The hope is the trees, due to their genetics, will be better able to handle a warming climate, more extreme droughts and more frequent beetle outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These survivors matter,” Maloney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She plans to study the genetics of these trees as they grow, research that could help in other climate-threatened forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"Patricia Maloney next to a dead sugar pine on Lake Tahoe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-1020x613.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-1200x721.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney.jpg 1900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Maloney next to a dead sugar pine on Lake Tahoe. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coral Survivors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maloney’s not alone in searching for species that can handle the warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Palumbi, a biology professor at Stanford University, has been \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/259609055\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking for coral that can handle heat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Evolution is a tool that we can bring to bear in helping us get through this future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coral reefs are bleaching and dying as oceans warm, so Palumbi is growing surviving corals in the hope they can build new reefs, full of “super corals.” Reefs aren’t just tourist attractions, he says. They’re also biodiversity hotspots that protect coastlines from flooding by absorbing wave energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it gives us another decade, if it gives us another two generations, that’ll be good, we’ll take it,” he said. “I see these next 80 years as the time where we have to save as much as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond that, it gets trickier, given the rate the climate is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question in the future is: When the environment changes and it changes really fast, can these populations keep up? How fast can they adapt? How much help will they give us in keeping those ecosystems going?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi says, ultimately, the best solution for these species is for humans to curb emissions of heat-trapping gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, scientists are trying to buy them a little more time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When California’s historic five-year drought finally relented a few years ago, the tally of dead trees in the Sierra Nevada was higher than almost anyone expected: 129 million. Most are still standing, the dry patches dotting the mountainsides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"209\" height=\"209\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 209px) 100vw, 209px\">\u003c/a>But some trees did survive the test of heat and drought. Now, scientists are racing to collect them and other species around the globe in the hope that these “climate survivors” may have a natural advantage, allowing them to cope with a warming world a bit better than others in their species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the north shore of Lake Tahoe, Patricia Maloney, a UC Davis forest and conservation biologist, hunts for these survivors. Most people focus on the dead trees, their brown pine needles standing out against the glittering blue of the lake. But Maloney tends not to notice them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look for the good,” she said. “Like in people, you look for the good, not the bad. I do the same in forest systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maloney studies sugar pines, a tree John Muir once called the “king” of conifers. “They have these huge, beautiful cones,” Maloney said. “They’re stunning trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sugar pines on these slopes endured some of the worst water stress in the region. Winter snowpack melts earliest on south-facing slopes, leaving the trees with little soil moisture over the summer. That opens the door for the trees’ tiny nemesis, which would deal the fatal blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Here you have some really good mountain pine beetle galleries,” Maloney said, as she peeled the bark off a dead sugar pine to \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wR5O48zsbnc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">show winding channels eaten into the wood\u003c/a>. “Like little beetle highways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine beetle outbreaks are a normal occurrence in the Sierra. As the beetles try to bore into the bark, pine trees can usually fight them off by spewing a sticky, gummy resin, entrapping the insects. But trees need water to make resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tank ran dry, and they weren’t able to mobilize any sort of resin,” Maloney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But next to this dead tree, Maloney points to one towering above, with healthy green pine needles. Somehow, it was able to fight the beetles off and survive the drought. As she’s found more and more of these survivors, Maloney has studied them, trying to figure out what their secret is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we found is that the ones that were green, like this one, were more water-use efficient than their dead counterparts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 515px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1947800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-800x666.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"515\" height=\"429\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-800x666.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle-768x639.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/pine-beetle.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 515px) 100vw, 515px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountain pine beetle larvae leave holes in sugar pine bark after emerging. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other words, the survivors had an innate ability to do more with less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual members of any species can vary dramatically, something tied to genetic differences. That diversity comes in handy when environmental conditions change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought, heat and beetle outbreaks in recent years put extreme pressure on sugar pines, creating a natural experiment that weeded out all but the toughest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’re seeing is contemporary natural selection,” Maloney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, she’s trying to ensure their descendents survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a greenhouse at her Tahoe City field station, Maloney showed off a sea of young green trees in their own containers. These 10,000 sugar pine seedlings grew from seeds Maloney and her team collected from 100 of the surviving sugar pines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, these young trees will be replanted around Lake Tahoe, both on national forest and private land. The hope is the trees, due to their genetics, will be better able to handle a warming climate, more extreme droughts and more frequent beetle outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These survivors matter,” Maloney said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She plans to study the genetics of these trees as they grow, research that could help in other climate-threatened forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"Patricia Maloney next to a dead sugar pine on Lake Tahoe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-1020x613.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney-1200x721.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/patricia-maloney.jpg 1900w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Maloney next to a dead sugar pine on Lake Tahoe. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coral Survivors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maloney’s not alone in searching for species that can handle the warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Palumbi, a biology professor at Stanford University, has been \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/259609055\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looking for coral that can handle heat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Evolution is a tool that we can bring to bear in helping us get through this future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coral reefs are bleaching and dying as oceans warm, so Palumbi is growing surviving corals in the hope they can build new reefs, full of “super corals.” Reefs aren’t just tourist attractions, he says. They’re also biodiversity hotspots that protect coastlines from flooding by absorbing wave energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it gives us another decade, if it gives us another two generations, that’ll be good, we’ll take it,” he said. “I see these next 80 years as the time where we have to save as much as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond that, it gets trickier, given the rate the climate is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question in the future is: When the environment changes and it changes really fast, can these populations keep up? How fast can they adapt? How much help will they give us in keeping those ecosystems going?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi says, ultimately, the best solution for these species is for humans to curb emissions of heat-trapping gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, scientists are trying to buy them a little more time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Naomi Klein: 'We Are Seeing the Beginnings of the Era of Climate Barbarism'",
"headTitle": "Naomi Klein: ‘We Are Seeing the Beginnings of the Era of Climate Barbarism’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/14/crisis-talk-green-new-deal-naomi-klein?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this excerpt\u003c/a> from her latest book ‘On Fire,’ the author of ‘No Logo’ looks at why capitalism and politics have got in the way of addressing the climate crisis.\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why are you publishing this book now?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I still feel that the way that we talk about climate change is too compartmentalised, too siloed from the other crises we face. A really strong theme running through the book is the links between it and the crisis of rising white supremacy, the various forms of nationalism and the fact that so many people are being forced from their homelands, and the war that is waged on our attention spans. These are intersecting and interconnecting crises and so the solutions have to be as well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\">\u003c/a>The book collects essays from the last decade, have you changed your mind about anything?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When I look back, I don’t think I placed enough emphasis on the challenge climate change poses to the left. It’s more obvious the way the climate crisis challenges a rightwing dominant worldview, and the cult of serious centrism that never wants to do anything big, that’s always looking to split the difference. But this is also a challenge to a left worldview that is essentially only interested in redistributing the spoils of extractivism [the process of extracting natural resources from the earth] and not reckoning with the limits of endless consumption.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s stopping the left doing this?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a North American context, it’s the greatest taboo of all to actually admit that there are going to be limits. You see that in the way Fox News has gone after the Green New Deal – they are coming after your hamburgers! It cuts to the heart of the American dream – every generation gets more than the last, there is always a new frontier to expand to, the whole idea of settler colonial nations like ours. When somebody comes along and says, actually, there are limits, we’ve got some tough decisions, we need to figure out how to manage what’s left, we’ve got to share equitably – it is a psychic attack. And so the response [on the left] has been to avoid, and say no, no, we’re not coming to take away your stuff, there are going to be all kinds of benefits. And there \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">are\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">going to be benefits: we’ll have more livable cities, we’ll have less polluted air, we’ll spend less time stuck in traffic, we can design happier, richer lives in so many ways. But we are going to have to contract on the endless, disposable consumption side.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do you feel encouraged by talk of the Green New Deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel a tremendous excitement and a sense of relief, that we are finally talking about solutions on the scale of the crisis we face. That we’re not talking about a little carbon tax or a cap and trade scheme as a silver bullet. We’re talking about transforming our economy. This system is failing the majority of people anyway, which is why we’re in this period of such profound political destabilisation – that is giving us the Trumps and the Brexits, and all of these strongman leaders – so why don’t we figure out how to change everything from bottom to top, and do it in a way that addresses all of these other crises at the same time? There is every chance we will miss the mark, but every fraction of a degree warming that we are able to hold off is a victory and every policy that we are able to win that makes our societies more humane, the more we will weather the inevitable shocks and storms to come without slipping into barbarism. Because what really terrifies me is what we are seeing at our borders in Europe and North America and Australia – I don’t think it’s coincidental that the settler colonial states and the countries that are the engines of that colonialism are at the forefront of this. We are seeing the beginnings of the era of climate barbarism. We saw it in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/14/christchurch-attack-suspect-sent-call-to-arms-letter-from-cell\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Christchurch\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, we saw it in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/04/el-paso-safe-city-white-man-killing-latinos\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">El Paso\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where you have this marrying of white supremacist violence with vicious anti-immigrant racism.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>That is one of the most chilling sections of your book: I think\u003c/b> \u003cb>that’s a link a lot of people haven’t made.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This pattern has been clear for a while. White supremacy emerged not just because people felt like thinking up ideas that were going to get a lot of people killed but because it was useful to protect barbaric but highly profitable actions. The age of scientific racism begins alongside the transatlantic slave trade, it is a rationale for that brutality. If we are going to respond to climate change by fortressing our borders, then of course the theories that would justify that, that create these hierarchies of humanity, will come surging back. There have been signs of that for years, but it is getting harder to deny because you have killers who are screaming it from the rooftops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>One criticism you hear about the environment movement is that it is dominated by white people. How do you address that?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you have a movement that is overwhelmingly representative of the most privileged sector of society then the approach is going to be much more fearful of change, because people who have a lot to lose tend to be more fearful of change, whereas people who have a lot to gain will tend to fight harder for it. That’s the big benefit of having an approach to climate change that links it to those so called bread and butter issues: how are we going to get better paid jobs, affordable housing, a way for people to take care of their families? I have had many conversations with environmentalists over the years where they seem really to believe that by linking fighting climate change with fighting poverty, or fighting for racial justice, it’s going to make the fight harder. We have to get out of this “my crisis is bigger than your crisis: first we save the planet and then we fight poverty and racism, and violence against women”. That doesn’t work. That alienates the people who would fight hardest for change. This debate has shifted a huge amount in the US because of the leadership of the climate justice movement and because it is congresswomen of colour who are championing the Green New Deal. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-met-greta-thunberg-hope-contagious-climate\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ilhan-omar\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ilhan Omar\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2018/nov/07/ayanna-pressley-massachusetts-first-black-congresswoman\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ayanna Pressley\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/14/rashida-tlaib-holocaust-israel-palestine-comments-democrats-defend-context-republican-attack\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rashida Tlaib\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">come from communities that have gotten such a raw deal under the years of neoliberalism and longer, and are determined to represent, truly represent, the interests of those communities. They’re not afraid of deep change because their communities desperately need it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>In the book, you write: “The hard truth is that the answer to the question ‘What can I, as an individual, do to stop climate change?’ is: nothing.” Do you still believe that?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of the carbon, the individual decisions that we make are not going to add up to anything like the kind of scale of change that we need. And I do believe that the fact that for so many people it’s so much more comfortable to talk about our own personal consumption, than to talk about systemic change, is a product of neoliberalism, that we have been trained to see ourselves as consumers first. To me that’s the benefit of bringing up these historical analogies, like the New Deal or the Marshall Plan – it brings our minds back to a time when we were able to think of change on that scale. Because we’ve been trained to think very small. It is incredibly significant that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/profile/greta-thunberg\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greta Thunberg\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has turned her life into a living emergency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Yes, she set sail for the UN climate summit in New York on a zero carbon yacht …\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exactly. But this isn’t about what Greta is doing as an individual. It’s about what Greta is broadcasting in the choices that she makes as an activist, and I absolutely respect that. I think it’s magnificent. She is using the power that she has to broadcast that this is an emergency, and trying to inspire politicians to treat it as an emergency. I don’t think anybody is exempt from scrutinising their own decisions and behaviours but I think it is possible to overemphasise the individual choices. I have made a choice – and this has been true since I wrote \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">No Logo\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and I started getting these “what should I buy, where should I shop, what are the ethical clothes?” questions. My answer continues to be that I am not a lifestyle adviser, I am not anyone’s shopping guru, and I make these decisions in my own life but I’m under no illusion that these decisions are going to make the difference.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Some people are choosing to go on birth strikes. What do you think about that?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m happy these discussions are coming into the public domain as opposed to being furtive issues we’re afraid to talk about. It’s been very isolating for people. It certainly was for me. One of the reasons I waited as long as I did to try and get pregnant, and I would say this to my partner all the time – what, you want to have a Mad Max water warrior fighting with their friends for food and water? It wasn’t until I was part of the climate justice movement and I could see a path forward that I could even imagine having a kid. But I would never tell anybody how to answer this most intimate of questions. As a feminist who knows the brutal history of forced sterilisation and the ways in which women’s bodies become battle zones when policymakers decide that they are going to try and control population, I think that the idea that there are regulatory solutions when it comes to whether or not to have kids is catastrophically ahistorical. We need to be struggling with our climate grief together and our climate fears together, through whatever decision we decide to make, but the discussion we need to have is how do we build a world so that those kids can have thriving, zero-carbon lives?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Over the summer, you encouraged people to read Richard Powers’s novel, \u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003ci>The Overstory\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cb>. Why?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been incredibly important to me and I’m happy that so many people have written to me since. What \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/08/the-overstory-richard-powers-review\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Powers is writing about trees\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">: that trees live in communities and are in communication, and plan and react together, and we’ve been completely wrong in the way we conceptualise them. It’s the same conversation we’re having about whether we are going to solve this as individuals or whether we are going to save the collective organism. It’s also rare, in good fiction, to valorise activism, to treat it with real respect, failures and all, to acknowledge the heroism of the people who put their bodies on the line. I thought Powers did that in a really extraordinary way.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What are you views on what Extinction Rebellion has achieved?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One thing they have done so well is break us out of this classic campaign model we have been in for a long time, where you tell someone something scary, you ask them to click on something to do something about it, you skip out the whole phase where we need to grieve together and feel together and process what it is that we just saw. Because what I hear a lot from people is, ok, maybe those people back in the 1930s or 40s could organise neighbourhood by neighbourhood or workplace by workplace but we can’t. We believe we’ve been so downgraded as a species that we are incapable of that. The only thing that is going to change that belief is getting face to face, in community, having experiences, off our screens, with one another on the streets and in nature, and winning some things and feeling that power.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You talk about stamina in the book. How do you keep going? Do you feel hopeful?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I have complicated feelings about the hope question. Not a day goes by that I don’t have a moment of sheer panic, raw terror, complete conviction that we are doomed, and then I do pull myself out of it. I’m renewed by this new generation that is so determined, so forceful. I’m inspired by the willingness to engage in electoral politics, because my generation, when we were in our 20s and 30s, there was so much suspicion around getting our hands dirty with electoral politics that we lost a lot of opportunities. What gives me the most hope right now is that we’ve finally got the vision for what we want instead, or at least the first rough draft of it. This is the first time this has happened in my lifetime. And also, I did decide to have kids. I have a seven year old who is so completely obsessed and in love with the natural world. When I think about him, after we’ve spent an entire summer talking about the role of salmon in feeding the forests where he was born in British Columbia, and how they are linked to the health of the trees and the soil and the bears and the orcas and this entire magnificent ecosystem, and I think about what it would be like to have to tell him that there are no more salmon, it kills me. So that motivates me. And slays me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/14/naomi-klein-we-are-seeing-the-beginnings-of-the-era-of-climate-barbarism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/climatenow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering Climate Now\u003c/a>, a global collaboration of more than 300 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The 'No Logo' author talks about solutions to the climate crisis, Greta Thunberg, birth strikes and how she finds hope.",
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"description": "The 'No Logo' author talks about solutions to the climate crisis, Greta Thunberg, birth strikes and how she finds hope.",
"title": "Naomi Klein: 'We Are Seeing the Beginnings of the Era of Climate Barbarism' | KQED",
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"headline": "Naomi Klein: 'We Are Seeing the Beginnings of the Era of Climate Barbarism'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/14/crisis-talk-green-new-deal-naomi-klein?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this excerpt\u003c/a> from her latest book ‘On Fire,’ the author of ‘No Logo’ looks at why capitalism and politics have got in the way of addressing the climate crisis.\u003c/b>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why are you publishing this book now?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I still feel that the way that we talk about climate change is too compartmentalised, too siloed from the other crises we face. A really strong theme running through the book is the links between it and the crisis of rising white supremacy, the various forms of nationalism and the fact that so many people are being forced from their homelands, and the war that is waged on our attention spans. These are intersecting and interconnecting crises and so the solutions have to be as well.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 384px) 100vw, 384px\">\u003c/a>The book collects essays from the last decade, have you changed your mind about anything?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When I look back, I don’t think I placed enough emphasis on the challenge climate change poses to the left. It’s more obvious the way the climate crisis challenges a rightwing dominant worldview, and the cult of serious centrism that never wants to do anything big, that’s always looking to split the difference. But this is also a challenge to a left worldview that is essentially only interested in redistributing the spoils of extractivism [the process of extracting natural resources from the earth] and not reckoning with the limits of endless consumption.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s stopping the left doing this?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a North American context, it’s the greatest taboo of all to actually admit that there are going to be limits. You see that in the way Fox News has gone after the Green New Deal – they are coming after your hamburgers! It cuts to the heart of the American dream – every generation gets more than the last, there is always a new frontier to expand to, the whole idea of settler colonial nations like ours. When somebody comes along and says, actually, there are limits, we’ve got some tough decisions, we need to figure out how to manage what’s left, we’ve got to share equitably – it is a psychic attack. And so the response [on the left] has been to avoid, and say no, no, we’re not coming to take away your stuff, there are going to be all kinds of benefits. And there \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">are\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">going to be benefits: we’ll have more livable cities, we’ll have less polluted air, we’ll spend less time stuck in traffic, we can design happier, richer lives in so many ways. But we are going to have to contract on the endless, disposable consumption side.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do you feel encouraged by talk of the Green New Deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel a tremendous excitement and a sense of relief, that we are finally talking about solutions on the scale of the crisis we face. That we’re not talking about a little carbon tax or a cap and trade scheme as a silver bullet. We’re talking about transforming our economy. This system is failing the majority of people anyway, which is why we’re in this period of such profound political destabilisation – that is giving us the Trumps and the Brexits, and all of these strongman leaders – so why don’t we figure out how to change everything from bottom to top, and do it in a way that addresses all of these other crises at the same time? There is every chance we will miss the mark, but every fraction of a degree warming that we are able to hold off is a victory and every policy that we are able to win that makes our societies more humane, the more we will weather the inevitable shocks and storms to come without slipping into barbarism. Because what really terrifies me is what we are seeing at our borders in Europe and North America and Australia – I don’t think it’s coincidental that the settler colonial states and the countries that are the engines of that colonialism are at the forefront of this. We are seeing the beginnings of the era of climate barbarism. We saw it in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/14/christchurch-attack-suspect-sent-call-to-arms-letter-from-cell\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Christchurch\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, we saw it in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/04/el-paso-safe-city-white-man-killing-latinos\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">El Paso\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, where you have this marrying of white supremacist violence with vicious anti-immigrant racism.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>That is one of the most chilling sections of your book: I think\u003c/b> \u003cb>that’s a link a lot of people haven’t made.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This pattern has been clear for a while. White supremacy emerged not just because people felt like thinking up ideas that were going to get a lot of people killed but because it was useful to protect barbaric but highly profitable actions. The age of scientific racism begins alongside the transatlantic slave trade, it is a rationale for that brutality. If we are going to respond to climate change by fortressing our borders, then of course the theories that would justify that, that create these hierarchies of humanity, will come surging back. There have been signs of that for years, but it is getting harder to deny because you have killers who are screaming it from the rooftops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>One criticism you hear about the environment movement is that it is dominated by white people. How do you address that?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you have a movement that is overwhelmingly representative of the most privileged sector of society then the approach is going to be much more fearful of change, because people who have a lot to lose tend to be more fearful of change, whereas people who have a lot to gain will tend to fight harder for it. That’s the big benefit of having an approach to climate change that links it to those so called bread and butter issues: how are we going to get better paid jobs, affordable housing, a way for people to take care of their families? I have had many conversations with environmentalists over the years where they seem really to believe that by linking fighting climate change with fighting poverty, or fighting for racial justice, it’s going to make the fight harder. We have to get out of this “my crisis is bigger than your crisis: first we save the planet and then we fight poverty and racism, and violence against women”. That doesn’t work. That alienates the people who would fight hardest for change. This debate has shifted a huge amount in the US because of the leadership of the climate justice movement and because it is congresswomen of colour who are championing the Green New Deal. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/29/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-met-greta-thunberg-hope-contagious-climate\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ilhan-omar\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ilhan Omar\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2018/nov/07/ayanna-pressley-massachusetts-first-black-congresswoman\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ayanna Pressley\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/may/14/rashida-tlaib-holocaust-israel-palestine-comments-democrats-defend-context-republican-attack\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rashida Tlaib\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">come from communities that have gotten such a raw deal under the years of neoliberalism and longer, and are determined to represent, truly represent, the interests of those communities. They’re not afraid of deep change because their communities desperately need it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>In the book, you write: “The hard truth is that the answer to the question ‘What can I, as an individual, do to stop climate change?’ is: nothing.” Do you still believe that?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In terms of the carbon, the individual decisions that we make are not going to add up to anything like the kind of scale of change that we need. And I do believe that the fact that for so many people it’s so much more comfortable to talk about our own personal consumption, than to talk about systemic change, is a product of neoliberalism, that we have been trained to see ourselves as consumers first. To me that’s the benefit of bringing up these historical analogies, like the New Deal or the Marshall Plan – it brings our minds back to a time when we were able to think of change on that scale. Because we’ve been trained to think very small. It is incredibly significant that \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/profile/greta-thunberg\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greta Thunberg\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has turned her life into a living emergency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Yes, she set sail for the UN climate summit in New York on a zero carbon yacht …\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Exactly. But this isn’t about what Greta is doing as an individual. It’s about what Greta is broadcasting in the choices that she makes as an activist, and I absolutely respect that. I think it’s magnificent. She is using the power that she has to broadcast that this is an emergency, and trying to inspire politicians to treat it as an emergency. I don’t think anybody is exempt from scrutinising their own decisions and behaviours but I think it is possible to overemphasise the individual choices. I have made a choice – and this has been true since I wrote \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">No Logo\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and I started getting these “what should I buy, where should I shop, what are the ethical clothes?” questions. My answer continues to be that I am not a lifestyle adviser, I am not anyone’s shopping guru, and I make these decisions in my own life but I’m under no illusion that these decisions are going to make the difference.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Some people are choosing to go on birth strikes. What do you think about that?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m happy these discussions are coming into the public domain as opposed to being furtive issues we’re afraid to talk about. It’s been very isolating for people. It certainly was for me. One of the reasons I waited as long as I did to try and get pregnant, and I would say this to my partner all the time – what, you want to have a Mad Max water warrior fighting with their friends for food and water? It wasn’t until I was part of the climate justice movement and I could see a path forward that I could even imagine having a kid. But I would never tell anybody how to answer this most intimate of questions. As a feminist who knows the brutal history of forced sterilisation and the ways in which women’s bodies become battle zones when policymakers decide that they are going to try and control population, I think that the idea that there are regulatory solutions when it comes to whether or not to have kids is catastrophically ahistorical. We need to be struggling with our climate grief together and our climate fears together, through whatever decision we decide to make, but the discussion we need to have is how do we build a world so that those kids can have thriving, zero-carbon lives?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Over the summer, you encouraged people to read Richard Powers’s novel, \u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003ci>The Overstory\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cb>. Why?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been incredibly important to me and I’m happy that so many people have written to me since. What \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/08/the-overstory-richard-powers-review\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Powers is writing about trees\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">: that trees live in communities and are in communication, and plan and react together, and we’ve been completely wrong in the way we conceptualise them. It’s the same conversation we’re having about whether we are going to solve this as individuals or whether we are going to save the collective organism. It’s also rare, in good fiction, to valorise activism, to treat it with real respect, failures and all, to acknowledge the heroism of the people who put their bodies on the line. I thought Powers did that in a really extraordinary way.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What are you views on what Extinction Rebellion has achieved?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One thing they have done so well is break us out of this classic campaign model we have been in for a long time, where you tell someone something scary, you ask them to click on something to do something about it, you skip out the whole phase where we need to grieve together and feel together and process what it is that we just saw. Because what I hear a lot from people is, ok, maybe those people back in the 1930s or 40s could organise neighbourhood by neighbourhood or workplace by workplace but we can’t. We believe we’ve been so downgraded as a species that we are incapable of that. The only thing that is going to change that belief is getting face to face, in community, having experiences, off our screens, with one another on the streets and in nature, and winning some things and feeling that power.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You talk about stamina in the book. How do you keep going? Do you feel hopeful?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I have complicated feelings about the hope question. Not a day goes by that I don’t have a moment of sheer panic, raw terror, complete conviction that we are doomed, and then I do pull myself out of it. I’m renewed by this new generation that is so determined, so forceful. I’m inspired by the willingness to engage in electoral politics, because my generation, when we were in our 20s and 30s, there was so much suspicion around getting our hands dirty with electoral politics that we lost a lot of opportunities. What gives me the most hope right now is that we’ve finally got the vision for what we want instead, or at least the first rough draft of it. This is the first time this has happened in my lifetime. And also, I did decide to have kids. I have a seven year old who is so completely obsessed and in love with the natural world. When I think about him, after we’ve spent an entire summer talking about the role of salmon in feeding the forests where he was born in British Columbia, and how they are linked to the health of the trees and the soil and the bears and the orcas and this entire magnificent ecosystem, and I think about what it would be like to have to tell him that there are no more salmon, it kills me. So that motivates me. And slays me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/sep/14/naomi-klein-we-are-seeing-the-beginnings-of-the-era-of-climate-barbarism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of KQED’s partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/climatenow/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Covering Climate Now\u003c/a>, a global collaboration of more than 300 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Bay Area Joins Worldwide Youth Climate Strike",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Joins Worldwide Youth Climate Strike | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>3:24 p.m. \u003c/em>It’s as yet unclear just how many kids and adults participated in the youth climate strike today. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2019/sep/20/climate-strike-global-change-protest-sydney-melbourne-london-new-york-nyc-school-student-protest-greta-thunberg-rally-live-news-latest-updates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guardian \u003c/a>says “millions of people from Sydney to Manila, Dhaka to London and New York” joined in. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.smh.com.au/national/global-climate-strike-live-australian-school-students-march-in-protest-of-climate-change-20190920-p52t70.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sydney Morning Herald \u003c/a>reports more than 300,000 schoolchildren and college students took to the streets in Australia, alone. There were 270,000 in Berlin, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/5dedd106-3391-33ff-ba2f-24ace1a914d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Financial Times\u003c/a>. Organizers in London estimated more than 100,000, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/climate/global-climate-strike.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a>. In New York, Mayor Bill De Blasio \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NYCMayor/status/1175118915317436417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted 60,000 and counting\u003c/a>. Greta Thunberg, who addressed a crowd in Battery Park, put the figure \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1175142660283273218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considerably higher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, Bay City News is reporting “tens of thousands” joined the demonstrations, from Cupertino, Los Altos, Palo Alto, Richmond, Fremont, Oakland, Berkeley, San Francisco and dozens of other communities. So far, no violent incidents or arrests have been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York excused students from school in order to participate; most Bay Area school systems did not. Despite that distinct lack of permission, the kids filling Market Street were curb to curb, says our reporter Kevin Stark. They targeted, among other stops on the protest route, the offices of Nancy Pelosi and Dianne Feinstein; Amazon and PG&E; and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they had on their minds: Earth is warming, with the 10 hottest years on record all having occurred since 1998. Exposure to extreme heat is increasing, hurricanes and flooding are more intense, and wildfires are increasingly burning out of control. The world’s scientists say it’s only going to get worse if we don’t substantially reduce the planet-warming gases released by the burning of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since we’ve been talking to young people about this issue, their message has been fairly consistent: We are children, and you are adults. And on this issue, you have \u003cem>really\u003c/em> let us down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People aren’t listening to the scientists and what they’re trying to tell you about the Earth,” said Annabelle, 10 years old, in front of PG&E today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many things we can see happening, and it’s so, kind of terrifying to see how so many of the people in power really don’t believe it and are denying it,” said Ariel Skolnick, 15, who walked out of Berkeley High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fighting for our future, and we’re not going to let people sit around and destroy our planet,” said 12-year-old Samara Ixchelnuo-Pelayo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Stark followed these young protesters around all day, and we asked him what it felt like out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the day, the students are all leading this thing,” Stark said. “And they’re kind of fierce. They’re angry, and they’re frustrated, but they feel like they have this sense of power. Market Street is completely shut down; from Seventh to First streets, it’s full of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then I go to the Ferry Building, and I see this line of two or three dozen students getting soft-serve. And it just kind of landed for me: They’re out there pushing for us, adults, to do something, and making this huge statement. But here they are, getting ice cream, Because these are \u003cem>kids\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More climate actions are planned next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1:36 p.m\u003c/em>. More climate-related news from California today. California and 22 other states filed suit to prevent the Trump administration from revoking California’s authority to set more stringent standards on greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles than those put in place by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1:28 p.m. \u003c/em>Here’s Associated Press on the day’s events, around the world:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A wave of climate change protests swept the globe Friday, with hundreds of thousands of young people sending a message to leaders headed for a U.N. summit: The warming world can’t wait for action. Marches, rallies and demonstrations were held from Canberra to Kabul and Cape Town to New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Global Climate Strike” events ranged from a gathering of about two dozen activists in Seoul using LED flashlights to send Morse code messages calling for action to rescue the earth to Australia demonstrations that organizers estimated were the country’s largest protests since the Iraq War began in 2003. In New York, where public schools excused students with parental permission, tens of thousands of mostly young people rallied and marched through lower Manhattan. And in Paris, teenagers and kids as young as 10 traded classrooms for the streets. Marie-Lou Sahai, 15, skipped school because “the only way to make people listen is to protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protests were partly inspired by the activism of Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg, who has staged weekly “Fridays for Future” demonstrations for a year, urging world leaders to step up efforts against climate change. “It’s such a victory,” Thunberg told The Associated Press in an interview in New York. “I would never have predicted or believed that this was going to happen, and so fast — and only in 15 months.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>12:48 p.m.\u003c/em> Next stop on the protest schedule was PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateStrike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateStrike\u003c/a>, passing under the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQED?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQED\u003c/a> offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were blasting out ‘Wake Up’ by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/arcadefire?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@arcadefire\u003c/a>: “Children wake up / Hold your mistake up / Before they turn the summer into dust” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/1BDQvyzqKr\">pic.twitter.com/1BDQvyzqKr\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Carly Severn (@TeacupInTheBay) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TeacupInTheBay/status/1175136727154823168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is temporarily PG&E’s next door neighbor, so our intrepid reporter Molly Peterson took the elevator downstairs to interview kids who were making their displeasure at the adult world loudly known. She spoke with Wren, 9, and Annabelle, 10. Annabelle carried a sign that said “Why should I go to school if you won’t listen to the educated?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained it this way: “People aren’t listening to the scientists and what they’re trying to tell you about the earth,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo, 12, said he was advocating for the Green New Deal. He said his class had been discussing climate change and the need for renewable energy. Is there anyone doing something on the issue that he admires? “Greta Thunberg. I think she’s really important and all the things she’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateStrike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateStrike\u003c/a> just made it to Beale St. right in front of PG&E’s HQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth-led protestors are chanting “PG&E no more greed, we should own our energy.” 🌎 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/zkCyWsyETR\">pic.twitter.com/zkCyWsyETR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Chris Cox (@chriscoxrox) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/chriscoxrox/status/1175132127295197184?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>12:30 p.m.\u003c/em> The protest hit Amazon Go’s office in San Francisco …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1947717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>12:07 p.m.\u003c/em> Some climate news out of Sacramento today. In an effort to align California’s $700 million dollar-plus pension investment portfolio with its climate action policy, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/9.20.19-Climate-EO-N-19-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> directing the Department of Finance to create a climate-driven investment plan. The order aims to shift the state’s investments toward carbon-neutral and clean energy technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the heels of the federal government’s efforts this week to strip California’s authority over state emissions standards, Newsom also signed two bills aimed to reduce tailpipe pollution from trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what Newsom said in a statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the face of the White House’s inaction on climate change, California is stepping up and leading the way. Our state is proof that you can reach some of the strongest climate goals in the world while also achieving record economic growth. How we meet this moment will define our state – and country – for decades to come, just as the willemergence of the internet defined our economy over the past few decades. We have to get ahead of this and align our state investments, our purchasing power and our transportation and housing policies to be ready to meet this moment head-on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11:40 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Found the front of the march, passing Grant and O’Farrell now… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/kLya5exRxY\">pic.twitter.com/kLya5exRxY\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Kevin Stark (@StarkKev) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1175109858254700545?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 463px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1947681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"463\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">7th and Market in San Francisco \u003ccite>(Steph Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">From the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Climatestrike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Climatestrike\u003c/a> in San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SFSU?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SFSU\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/QjF9sckoAf\">pic.twitter.com/QjF9sckoAf\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Sustainable SF State (@sustainsfstate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sustainsfstate/status/1175109352019001344?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1947696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11:09 a.m\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Students chanting “Dianne Feinstein listen to us. We are the people, you work for us” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/N7r4kB3AmA\">pic.twitter.com/N7r4kB3AmA\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Kevin Stark (@StarkKev) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1175106287933116416?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10:54 a.m. \u003c/em> Thousands of students have taken over Market street, KQED’s Kevin Stark reports, and Muni buses are lined up and sitting idle. Lots of youth “facilitators” and “coordinators” are leading contingents from Bay Area middle and high schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A little scene from 7th towards Market from the SF \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatemarch?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatemarch\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wGQ4Vw1Nuv\">pic.twitter.com/wGQ4Vw1Nuv\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Kevin Stark (@StarkKev) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1175104942270373889?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10:28 a.m. Berkeley High walkout\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 400 Berkeley High School students were expected to walk out today. This morning, a group gathered in the park across school while a brass band played. The contingent was headed into San Francisco via BART for the main rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophomore Ariel Skolnick, 15, held a trio of signs, including one that read “Stop Denying Our Earth is Dying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many things we can see happening, and it’s so, kind of terrifying to see how so many of the people in power really don’t believe it and are denying it,” she said. “And it’s up to us, the youth, to try to make as much of a change as we can and try to get our voices out there as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to know that we are the future and we’re doing what we can to make sure that our future is going to be able to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10:10 a.m. MUNI problems in San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unrelated to the climate strike, MUNI \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sfmta_muni/status/1175085628750364672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">went down\u003c/a> this morning due to a PG&E power outage. Some service has returned, the SFMTA reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sfmta_muni/status/1175085628750364672\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>9:48 a.m. Art Build at UC Berkeley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1947672\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lindsay Puddicombe and her 19-month-old daughter Maude at UC Berkeley \u003ccite>( Kate Wolffe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students, faculty and families are gathered at UC Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza to paint cardboard signs as part of an Art Build sponsored by Students for Climate Action, a coalition of university groups on campus, KQED’s Kate Wolffe reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While kids and adults painted away, climate group gave “teach ins” to educate the crowd about how to build a zero waste sustainable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay Puddicombe was there to paint signs with her 19-month-old daughter. One action they’ve taken to reduce their carbon footprint is to forgo eating meat or meat byproducts. “We try to do our part as best … we can. You know, it’s her future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>9:33 a.m. On the protest itinerary\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E, which has made all kinds of news for not being prepared, is getting prepared — the company is an official destination on today’s protest itinerary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1947658\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outside PG&E headquarters in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bianca Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other protests are planned at Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office, Amazon, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, among other places. Here is the official \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareaclimatestrike.net/march\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">march route\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>9:15 a.m.\u003c/em> On Twitter, the climate strike hashtag is \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatestrike?src=hashtag_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#climatestrike\u003c/a>. The first thing that came up for us was this \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TEDTalks/status/1175077155748769793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TED Talk\u003c/a> from Greta Thunberg, the 16-year-old Swedish climate activist who ignited the global climate action youth movement by walking out of school a little over a year ago as a protest against inaction on climate change by the Swedish government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/TEDTalks/status/1175077155748769793\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>8:49 a.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Med students want meeting with Pelosi\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>12-year-old: we’re not going to let people sit around and destroy our planet\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Kevin Stark reports there are roughly 40 to 50 doctors, medical students and activists — all wearing white lab coats and carrying signs — that have entered the federal building in San Francisco to try and speak with Nancy Pelosi. They’re going through security, not forcing their way in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Baylen, 30, who attends UCSF, said the group wants Pelosi to know that “We need to take action now because this is a health emergency and it’s going to impact all of our health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update 10:00 a.m. Monday, Sept. 23: \u003c/strong>The group, California Climate Health Now, met with Pelosi’s staff to discuss the need to reduce emissions in order to protect public health, according to Ashley McClure, one of the group’s organizers. The meeting was previously scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also met with staff members from both California senators and Representative Barbara Lee, D-Oakland. In an email, McClure said that the goal was “to share our grave concern for human health if climate change continues unabated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to the electeds is that climate change is a medical emergency and needs to be framed as such in the American discourse,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Climate Health Now is coalition of medical doctors and health professionals. Altogether, 34 medical professionals participated Friday, including 24 physicians, 8 UCSF medical students, 1 UC Berkeley public health professor, and 1 UC Berkeley nurse practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post 9:45 a.m. Friday, Sept. 10:\u003c/strong>Outside the federal building, Stark also spoke with Samara Ixchelnuo-Pelayo, 12, who was taking off school today. “We are fighting for our future and we’re not going to let people sit around and destroy our planet,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking of K-12 students, Bay Area school districts are not necessarily on board with them missing class today. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/education/article/Bay-Area-school-districts-won-t-excuse-students-14453720.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> San Francisco, Oakland and other districts are not excusing students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a district we do not condone these walkouts and we asked our instructors to work the information into their curriculum if at all possible and talk about it with the students during the day,” said a spokesperson for San Jose Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>3:24 p.m. \u003c/em>It’s as yet unclear just how many kids and adults participated in the youth climate strike today. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2019/sep/20/climate-strike-global-change-protest-sydney-melbourne-london-new-york-nyc-school-student-protest-greta-thunberg-rally-live-news-latest-updates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guardian \u003c/a>says “millions of people from Sydney to Manila, Dhaka to London and New York” joined in. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.smh.com.au/national/global-climate-strike-live-australian-school-students-march-in-protest-of-climate-change-20190920-p52t70.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sydney Morning Herald \u003c/a>reports more than 300,000 schoolchildren and college students took to the streets in Australia, alone. There were 270,000 in Berlin, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/5dedd106-3391-33ff-ba2f-24ace1a914d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Financial Times\u003c/a>. Organizers in London estimated more than 100,000, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/20/climate/global-climate-strike.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a>. In New York, Mayor Bill De Blasio \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NYCMayor/status/1175118915317436417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted 60,000 and counting\u003c/a>. Greta Thunberg, who addressed a crowd in Battery Park, put the figure \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/status/1175142660283273218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">considerably higher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, Bay City News is reporting “tens of thousands” joined the demonstrations, from Cupertino, Los Altos, Palo Alto, Richmond, Fremont, Oakland, Berkeley, San Francisco and dozens of other communities. So far, no violent incidents or arrests have been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York excused students from school in order to participate; most Bay Area school systems did not. Despite that distinct lack of permission, the kids filling Market Street were curb to curb, says our reporter Kevin Stark. They targeted, among other stops on the protest route, the offices of Nancy Pelosi and Dianne Feinstein; Amazon and PG&E; and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they had on their minds: Earth is warming, with the 10 hottest years on record all having occurred since 1998. Exposure to extreme heat is increasing, hurricanes and flooding are more intense, and wildfires are increasingly burning out of control. The world’s scientists say it’s only going to get worse if we don’t substantially reduce the planet-warming gases released by the burning of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since we’ve been talking to young people about this issue, their message has been fairly consistent: We are children, and you are adults. And on this issue, you have \u003cem>really\u003c/em> let us down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People aren’t listening to the scientists and what they’re trying to tell you about the Earth,” said Annabelle, 10 years old, in front of PG&E today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many things we can see happening, and it’s so, kind of terrifying to see how so many of the people in power really don’t believe it and are denying it,” said Ariel Skolnick, 15, who walked out of Berkeley High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fighting for our future, and we’re not going to let people sit around and destroy our planet,” said 12-year-old Samara Ixchelnuo-Pelayo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Stark followed these young protesters around all day, and we asked him what it felt like out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the day, the students are all leading this thing,” Stark said. “And they’re kind of fierce. They’re angry, and they’re frustrated, but they feel like they have this sense of power. Market Street is completely shut down; from Seventh to First streets, it’s full of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then I go to the Ferry Building, and I see this line of two or three dozen students getting soft-serve. And it just kind of landed for me: They’re out there pushing for us, adults, to do something, and making this huge statement. But here they are, getting ice cream, Because these are \u003cem>kids\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More climate actions are planned next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1:36 p.m\u003c/em>. More climate-related news from California today. California and 22 other states filed suit to prevent the Trump administration from revoking California’s authority to set more stringent standards on greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles than those put in place by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1:28 p.m. \u003c/em>Here’s Associated Press on the day’s events, around the world:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A wave of climate change protests swept the globe Friday, with hundreds of thousands of young people sending a message to leaders headed for a U.N. summit: The warming world can’t wait for action. Marches, rallies and demonstrations were held from Canberra to Kabul and Cape Town to New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Global Climate Strike” events ranged from a gathering of about two dozen activists in Seoul using LED flashlights to send Morse code messages calling for action to rescue the earth to Australia demonstrations that organizers estimated were the country’s largest protests since the Iraq War began in 2003. In New York, where public schools excused students with parental permission, tens of thousands of mostly young people rallied and marched through lower Manhattan. And in Paris, teenagers and kids as young as 10 traded classrooms for the streets. Marie-Lou Sahai, 15, skipped school because “the only way to make people listen is to protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protests were partly inspired by the activism of Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg, who has staged weekly “Fridays for Future” demonstrations for a year, urging world leaders to step up efforts against climate change. “It’s such a victory,” Thunberg told The Associated Press in an interview in New York. “I would never have predicted or believed that this was going to happen, and so fast — and only in 15 months.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>12:48 p.m.\u003c/em> Next stop on the protest schedule was PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateStrike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateStrike\u003c/a>, passing under the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQED?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQED\u003c/a> offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were blasting out ‘Wake Up’ by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/arcadefire?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@arcadefire\u003c/a>: “Children wake up / Hold your mistake up / Before they turn the summer into dust” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/1BDQvyzqKr\">pic.twitter.com/1BDQvyzqKr\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Carly Severn (@TeacupInTheBay) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TeacupInTheBay/status/1175136727154823168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is temporarily PG&E’s next door neighbor, so our intrepid reporter Molly Peterson took the elevator downstairs to interview kids who were making their displeasure at the adult world loudly known. She spoke with Wren, 9, and Annabelle, 10. Annabelle carried a sign that said “Why should I go to school if you won’t listen to the educated?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained it this way: “People aren’t listening to the scientists and what they’re trying to tell you about the earth,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo, 12, said he was advocating for the Green New Deal. He said his class had been discussing climate change and the need for renewable energy. Is there anyone doing something on the issue that he admires? “Greta Thunberg. I think she’s really important and all the things she’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateStrike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateStrike\u003c/a> just made it to Beale St. right in front of PG&E’s HQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth-led protestors are chanting “PG&E no more greed, we should own our energy.” 🌎 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/zkCyWsyETR\">pic.twitter.com/zkCyWsyETR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Chris Cox (@chriscoxrox) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/chriscoxrox/status/1175132127295197184?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>12:30 p.m.\u003c/em> The protest hit Amazon Go’s office in San Francisco …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1947717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-protest-san-francisco-amazon.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>12:07 p.m.\u003c/em> Some climate news out of Sacramento today. In an effort to align California’s $700 million dollar-plus pension investment portfolio with its climate action policy, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/9.20.19-Climate-EO-N-19-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> directing the Department of Finance to create a climate-driven investment plan. The order aims to shift the state’s investments toward carbon-neutral and clean energy technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the heels of the federal government’s efforts this week to strip California’s authority over state emissions standards, Newsom also signed two bills aimed to reduce tailpipe pollution from trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what Newsom said in a statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the face of the White House’s inaction on climate change, California is stepping up and leading the way. Our state is proof that you can reach some of the strongest climate goals in the world while also achieving record economic growth. How we meet this moment will define our state – and country – for decades to come, just as the willemergence of the internet defined our economy over the past few decades. We have to get ahead of this and align our state investments, our purchasing power and our transportation and housing policies to be ready to meet this moment head-on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11:40 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Found the front of the march, passing Grant and O’Farrell now… \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/kLya5exRxY\">pic.twitter.com/kLya5exRxY\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Kevin Stark (@StarkKev) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1175109858254700545?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 463px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1947681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"463\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/climate-strike-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 463px) 100vw, 463px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">7th and Market in San Francisco \u003ccite>(Steph Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">From the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Climatestrike?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Climatestrike\u003c/a> in San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SFSU?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SFSU\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/QjF9sckoAf\">pic.twitter.com/QjF9sckoAf\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Sustainable SF State (@sustainsfstate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sustainsfstate/status/1175109352019001344?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1947696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"448\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/bay-area-climate-strike-4.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>11:09 a.m\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Students chanting “Dianne Feinstein listen to us. We are the people, you work for us” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/N7r4kB3AmA\">pic.twitter.com/N7r4kB3AmA\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Kevin Stark (@StarkKev) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1175106287933116416?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10:54 a.m. \u003c/em> Thousands of students have taken over Market street, KQED’s Kevin Stark reports, and Muni buses are lined up and sitting idle. Lots of youth “facilitators” and “coordinators” are leading contingents from Bay Area middle and high schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">A little scene from 7th towards Market from the SF \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatemarch?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climatemarch\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/wGQ4Vw1Nuv\">pic.twitter.com/wGQ4Vw1Nuv\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Kevin Stark (@StarkKev) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev/status/1175104942270373889?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 20, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\">https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10:28 a.m. Berkeley High walkout\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 400 Berkeley High School students were expected to walk out today. This morning, a group gathered in the park across school while a brass band played. The contingent was headed into San Francisco via BART for the main rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophomore Ariel Skolnick, 15, held a trio of signs, including one that read “Stop Denying Our Earth is Dying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many things we can see happening, and it’s so, kind of terrifying to see how so many of the people in power really don’t believe it and are denying it,” she said. “And it’s up to us, the youth, to try to make as much of a change as we can and try to get our voices out there as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to know that we are the future and we’re doing what we can to make sure that our future is going to be able to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>10:10 a.m. MUNI problems in San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unrelated to the climate strike, MUNI \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sfmta_muni/status/1175085628750364672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">went down\u003c/a> this morning due to a PG&E power outage. Some service has returned, the SFMTA reports:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>9:48 a.m. Art Build at UC Berkeley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947672\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1947672\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/UC-Berkeley-climate-strike.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lindsay Puddicombe and her 19-month-old daughter Maude at UC Berkeley \u003ccite>( Kate Wolffe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students, faculty and families are gathered at UC Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza to paint cardboard signs as part of an Art Build sponsored by Students for Climate Action, a coalition of university groups on campus, KQED’s Kate Wolffe reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While kids and adults painted away, climate group gave “teach ins” to educate the crowd about how to build a zero waste sustainable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsay Puddicombe was there to paint signs with her 19-month-old daughter. One action they’ve taken to reduce their carbon footprint is to forgo eating meat or meat byproducts. “We try to do our part as best … we can. You know, it’s her future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>9:33 a.m. On the protest itinerary\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E, which has made all kinds of news for not being prepared, is getting prepared — the company is an official destination on today’s protest itinerary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947658\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1947658\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/PGE-climate-strike.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 403px) 100vw, 403px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Outside PG&E headquarters in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bianca Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other protests are planned at Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office, Amazon, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, among other places. Here is the official \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareaclimatestrike.net/march\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">march route\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>9:15 a.m.\u003c/em> On Twitter, the climate strike hashtag is \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climatestrike?src=hashtag_click\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#climatestrike\u003c/a>. The first thing that came up for us was this \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TEDTalks/status/1175077155748769793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TED Talk\u003c/a> from Greta Thunberg, the 16-year-old Swedish climate activist who ignited the global climate action youth movement by walking out of school a little over a year ago as a protest against inaction on climate change by the Swedish government.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>8:49 a.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>Med students want meeting with Pelosi\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cem>12-year-old: we’re not going to let people sit around and destroy our planet\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Kevin Stark reports there are roughly 40 to 50 doctors, medical students and activists — all wearing white lab coats and carrying signs — that have entered the federal building in San Francisco to try and speak with Nancy Pelosi. They’re going through security, not forcing their way in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Baylen, 30, who attends UCSF, said the group wants Pelosi to know that “We need to take action now because this is a health emergency and it’s going to impact all of our health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update 10:00 a.m. Monday, Sept. 23: \u003c/strong>The group, California Climate Health Now, met with Pelosi’s staff to discuss the need to reduce emissions in order to protect public health, according to Ashley McClure, one of the group’s organizers. The meeting was previously scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also met with staff members from both California senators and Representative Barbara Lee, D-Oakland. In an email, McClure said that the goal was “to share our grave concern for human health if climate change continues unabated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to the electeds is that climate change is a medical emergency and needs to be framed as such in the American discourse,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Climate Health Now is coalition of medical doctors and health professionals. Altogether, 34 medical professionals participated Friday, including 24 physicians, 8 UCSF medical students, 1 UC Berkeley public health professor, and 1 UC Berkeley nurse practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post 9:45 a.m. Friday, Sept. 10:\u003c/strong>Outside the federal building, Stark also spoke with Samara Ixchelnuo-Pelayo, 12, who was taking off school today. “We are fighting for our future and we’re not going to let people sit around and destroy our planet,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking of K-12 students, Bay Area school districts are not necessarily on board with them missing class today. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/education/article/Bay-Area-school-districts-won-t-excuse-students-14453720.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> San Francisco, Oakland and other districts are not excusing students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a district we do not condone these walkouts and we asked our instructors to work the information into their curriculum if at all possible and talk about it with the students during the day,” said a spokesperson for San Jose Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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