window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"quest_70612": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_70612",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "70612",
"found": true
},
"parent": 68329,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Peggy-Lemaux-header-image-e1400541970203-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1400541872,
"modified": 1442678184,
"caption": "Peggy Lemaux, a University of California-Berkeley biologist, has engineered tobacco plants so they produce oil for biofuel directly in their leaves. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Peggy Lemaux header image",
"credit": "Photo courtesy UC Berkeley",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_57283": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_57283",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "57283",
"found": true
},
"parent": 52167,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Anne2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1372290015,
"modified": 1372290015,
"caption": "Artist John Sabraw checks the paint on one of his works in progress. The brown pigment is sourced from coal mine runoff.",
"description": null,
"title": "Anne2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_70082": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_70082",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "70082",
"found": true
},
"parent": 67581,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Svalbard-Global-Seed-Vault-Mari-Tefre-Global-Crop-Diversity-Trust-e1398118119855-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1398117620,
"modified": 1442692353,
"caption": "Exterior of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. Most of the facility is located underground. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Svalbard Global Seed Vault - Mari Tefre - Global Crop Diversity Trust",
"credit": "Photo by Mari Tefre/Global Crop Diversity Trust",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_69089": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_69089",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "69089",
"found": true
},
"parent": 69075,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QUEST_NorthCarolina_IMG_2975-640x360-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1396190658,
"modified": 1396190658,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": null,
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_68664": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_68664",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "68664",
"found": true
},
"parent": 61576,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight_640X360-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1395258673,
"modified": 1395258673,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Enviroflight_640X360",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_68353": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_68353",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "68353",
"found": true
},
"parent": 58920,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Nov-or-Dec-shot-2-CREDIT-Sandra-Albro2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1394807401,
"modified": 1394807401,
"caption": "Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden, is working to transform Cleveland's vacant spaces by installing \"green infrastructure\" like rain gardens. Credit: Sandra Albro.",
"description": null,
"title": "Nov or Dec shot 2 CREDIT, Sandra Albro",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_68371": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_68371",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "68371",
"found": true
},
"parent": 67857,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/DSC1560Yiqi-Yang-1560-e1394832985414-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1394831848,
"modified": 1394831848,
"caption": "University of Nebraska textile scientist Yiqi Yang holds a sweater made from fibers from corn husks. ",
"description": null,
"title": "_DSC1560Yiqi Yang 1560",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_68713": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_68713",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "68713",
"found": true
},
"parent": 65631,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1395328349,
"modified": 1395328349,
"caption": "Dredging on the Great Miami River in southwestern Ohio. Photo by Ted / Flickr.",
"description": null,
"title": "March20.2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_67911": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_67911",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "67911",
"found": true
},
"parent": 67583,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-feature2-e1393529701200-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1393529671,
"modified": 1442700651,
"caption": "Butternut Ski Resort",
"description": null,
"title": "SKI-feature2",
"credit": "Photo by Matt Sawyer/Courtesy of Ski Butternut",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_67148": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_67148",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "67148",
"found": true
},
"parent": 63142,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1392070487,
"modified": 1392070487,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jim Feature image 02",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_65744": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_65744",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "65744",
"found": true
},
"parent": 63103,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/orange-hopscotch-e1389130969956-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1389130863,
"modified": 1442705198,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "orange hopscotch",
"credit": "Photo courtesy of mkw87/Flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"lisalanders": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5412",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5412",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lisa Landers",
"firstName": "Lisa",
"lastName": "Landers",
"slug": "lisalanders",
"email": "llanders@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lisa Landers is a producer and writer whose work includes documentaries, museum exhibitions, and educational multimedia. Her work has covered a diversity of subject matter including natural history, ecological and social issues, cultural exploration, food, music, and architecture. She’s developed and produced films for broadcasters such as National Geographic, Smithsonian Channel, and the Discovery Channel. Her work as an exhibition developer and multimedia producer has been featured at institutions including the American Museum of Natural History, the National Building Museum, and The Tech Museum. Her writing has also appeared in a wide variety of print and online publications.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1e4aa08f6f0a92ea11a2779a453cb36d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"leadcoordinator",
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lisa Landers | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1e4aa08f6f0a92ea11a2779a453cb36d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1e4aa08f6f0a92ea11a2779a453cb36d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lisalanders"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"quest": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10216",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10216",
"found": true
},
"name": "QUEST Staff",
"firstName": "QUEST",
"lastName": "Staff",
"slug": "quest",
"email": "quest@kqed.orgx",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "QUEST, an Emmy Award-winning multimedia science series, has a new focus on the science of sustainability.The half-hour magazine style episodes are produced by a collaboration of six public broadcasters around the country and explore a wide variety of sustainability issues related to food, energy, water, climate and biodiversity. The story segments featured in each show are introduced by on-camera host, environmental journalist \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/pssethi/\">Simran Sethi\u003c/a>. The series also includes half-hour specials that focus on a single topic.\r\n \r\nAll 2013-2014 television programs can be viewed online in their entirety or as individual segments by clicking on the titles and images listed below. The programs are also broadcast in each of our six PBS partner regions including \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/north-carolina/\">North Carolina\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/ohio/\">Ohio\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/nebraska/\">Nebraska\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/northern-california/\">Northern California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/stations/northwest/\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a>. Check local listings for broadcast dates and times.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "QUEST Staff | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d3874a881a1fe56a99098a4feea236c8?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/quest"
},
"anneglausser": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10270",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10270",
"found": true
},
"name": "Anne Glausser",
"firstName": "Anne",
"lastName": "Glausser",
"slug": "anneglausser",
"email": "anne.glausser@ideastream.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Anne Glausser is the Coordinating Producer for QUEST Ohio. Before taking on this role, she was WCPN 90.3 FM & WVIZ/PBS ideastream’s health reporter and produced award-winning radio pieces. She’s spent time on both coasts (her college mascot was the banana slug!), but grew up in the Midwest and is happy to be back home. She got started in radio at PRI’s Living on Earth, and has also spent time as a researcher at the Harvard School of Public Health. Anne got her SM from MIT’s Graduate Program in Science Writing.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"leadcoordinator",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Anne Glausser | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cb2272efe9d1c6b409249b4273bcef1b?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/anneglausser"
},
"davidhuppert": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10296",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10296",
"found": true
},
"name": "David Huppert",
"firstName": "David",
"lastName": "Huppert",
"slug": "davidhuppert",
"email": "dhuppert@unctv.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "As a producer/reporter for UNC-TV, David Huppert has spent the last 6 years immersing himself in the Old North State's culture and folklore, consuming as much of state's rich legacy (and barbecue) as possible.\r\n\r\nDavid returns to UNC-TV after a one-year hiatus in NYC where he produced for CBS This Morning. Since 2000 David has produced pieces for public television (UNC-TV, Charlie Rose) and commercial news (CBS, FNC’s The O’Reilly Factor, CNBC).\r\n\r\nWhen he’s not telling stories for television, David is either working on a documentary about Alaska’s Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, or gallivanting around North Carolina with his wife, @mediumish. You can follow him @hupdiggs and at vimeo.com/davidhuppert",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"leadcoordinator",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "David Huppert | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ee54583217cf12dbdba4ce61ceacb7fd?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/davidhuppert"
},
"garyhochman": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10297",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10297",
"found": true
},
"name": "Gary Hochman",
"firstName": "Gary",
"lastName": "Hochman",
"slug": "garyhochman",
"email": "GHochman@netad.unl.edu",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Gary is a senior producer at NET Television. He’s produced documentaries worldwide, bringing science to audiences through TV, the web, museums, and schools. Gary has twice received the American Association for the Advancement of Science Journalism Award. His recent documentary, NOVA: Secrets Beneath The Ice, examines how researchers explore, drill and prospect to detect how Antarctica’s climate history can forecast Earth’s global climate future. His national productions include: NOVA: Ancient Refuge in the Holy Land, NOVA: Buried In Ash, NOVA: Edgerton and His Incredible Seeing Machines, Behind Lab Doors, Jungle Under Glass, Profit the Earth, Sexuality and Aging, and Seeking the Real Jesse James.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2211943d85f3e4fed61c451f70e04239?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"coordinator",
"edit_dashboard",
"edit_posts",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Gary Hochman | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2211943d85f3e4fed61c451f70e04239?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/2211943d85f3e4fed61c451f70e04239?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/garyhochman"
},
"maryfecteau": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10426",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10426",
"found": true
},
"name": "Mary Fecteau",
"firstName": "Mary",
"lastName": "Fecteau",
"slug": "maryfecteau",
"email": "Mary.Fecteau@ideastream.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Mary Fecteau is an Educational Multimedia Producer at WVIZ/PBS ideastream. A native of Rhode Island, she began her career in 2007 at ThinkTV in Dayton, Ohio. Traveling the state for the magazine program Our Ohio, she’s covered everything from chili in Cincinnati, to coral farms in Columbus, to the infamous Cuyahoga River in Cleveland – and was awarded an Ohio Valley Regional Emmy for her work in 2010. She’s currently concentrating on web-based science and educational media, having completed several STEM-focused videos for ideastream. Mary holds a BA in Film from California State University, Long Beach and an MA in Public Media from Ohio University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6986a92e4816fc55d42f730b7672e7cc?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"coordinator",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Mary Fecteau | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6986a92e4816fc55d42f730b7672e7cc?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6986a92e4816fc55d42f730b7672e7cc?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/maryfecteau"
},
"sanbornsarahn": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10471",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10471",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sarah Sanborn",
"firstName": "Sarah",
"lastName": "Sanborn",
"slug": "sanbornsarahn",
"email": "SSanborn@kcts9.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Sarah Sanborn joins QUEST Northwest from the University of Washington’s Program on the Environment. She has worked with the Environmental Protection Agency and a variety of citizen science projects in the Pacific Northwest. In the spring of 2013, Sarah was awarded the UW Environmental Leadership Scholarship given to those who represent leadership, integrative thought and action, and vision of how they hope to make a positive difference in the world.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26e834ee9c913ef10e1ef2540202776a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"coordinator",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sarah Sanborn | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26e834ee9c913ef10e1ef2540202776a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26e834ee9c913ef10e1ef2540202776a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sanbornsarahn"
},
"rmcclure": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10505",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10505",
"found": true
},
"name": "Robert McClure",
"firstName": "Robert",
"lastName": "McClure",
"slug": "rmcclure",
"email": "rmcclure@invw.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Robert McClure is executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org\">InvestigateWest\u003c/a>, a nonprofit newsroom in Seattle specializing in the environment, public health and government accountability for the Pacific Northwest and British Columbia. A veteran newspaper reporter with a quarter of a century on the environment beat, he is a winner of the John B. Oakes Award for Distinguished Environmental Journalism and serves on the board of the Society of Environmental Journalists. Robert was named in 2013 as one of Seattle Magazine’s “most influential” people in Seattle.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d854ab5ac9cf1e8e2da364a59642dd31?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Robert McClure | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d854ab5ac9cf1e8e2da364a59642dd31?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d854ab5ac9cf1e8e2da364a59642dd31?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/rmcclure"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"quest_category_engineering": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_8",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "8",
"score": 12.795914
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Engineering",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "quest",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 6
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/quest?category=engineering",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 6
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"quest_68329": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_68329",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "68329",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1401804026000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1401804026,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Tobacco Gets a Makeover as New Source for Biofuel",
"title": "Tobacco Gets a Makeover as New Source for Biofuel",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Tobacco is about to get a facelift. As a key ingredient in cigarettes, the plant contributes to gum disease, emphysema and cancer. This has led to a decline in cigarette sales and tobacco production in the United States over the past 25 years. But one research team thinks tobacco could provide a societal benefit by becoming a new source for biofuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the things that make tobacco bad are really good for fuels,” said \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/bill-shelander\">Bill Shelander\u003c/a>, business development specialist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\"> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you smoke cigarettes you are smoking tar and nicotine, and the tar is bad for health,” he said. “Tobacco is unusually high in tar content and it’s the type of chemical that can be converted into fuels -- they are precursors to oil. If these plants were buried for millions of years they would be a very nice oil reserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has partnered with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/index.html\">University of California-Berkeley\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uky.edu/\">University of Kentucky\u003c/a> to engineer tobacco so that its leaves produce oil that can more easily be converted into a fuel source for everything from cars to yachts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called \u003ca href=\"http://ucbiotech.org/folium/\">Folium\u003c/a>, is backed by a $4.8 million grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/\">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy\u003c/a> or ARPA-E, a \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/a> agency that funds the research and development of emerging energy technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70734\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry\" width=\"341\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers introduce genes from cyanobacteria and algae to increase the amount of oil that is produced in tobacco leaves. Photo: Arwen Curry, KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea for biofuel -- using plants as a fuel source -- is nothing new, but it has gained popularity in recent years with rising gasoline prices and concern that burning fossil fuels is a main driver of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common source for biofuel in the U.S. is corn, which is fermented and turned into an alcohol, called ethanol, that is added to gasoline and used to power automobiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create biofuel from tobacco, researchers have added genes from algae and cyanobacteria that can process sunlight more efficiently than corn does and convert the sunlight into hydrocarbons via photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrocarbons in the engineered tobacco are a form of bio-crude oil, an antecedent to fuel. This bio-crude can be stored in the leaves and directly removed and processed to create biofuel, which requires fewer steps than making ethanol, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because less processing is required, at a commercial scale biofuel from tobacco could be price competitive with gasoline at three to six dollars a gallon, said Peggy Lemaux, a University of California-Berkeley biologist working on the Folium team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant has several other distinct advantages, said Lemaux. Tobacco doesn’t compete with the national food supply. It occupies 350,000 acres of land, compared to 95.3 million for corn, and is cultivated in designated areas where it has been produced for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also can be harvested several times a year and it produces more biomass than traditional biofuel crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the [tobacco] industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities -Marty Ortañez \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Kentucky have been planting and machine harvesting tobacco on a two-acre plot to measure the potential yield. The tobacco biofuel has not been used in vehicles yet and would need more financial backing for testing after the three-year Department of Energy grant runs out this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say there are lots of problems with the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticide pollution and inhumane working conditions are prevalent in the countries where tobacco is grown, said anthropology professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/CLAS/Departments/anthropology/AboutUs/Contact/DepartmentDirectory/Pages/MartyOta%C3%B1ez.aspx\">Marty Ortañez\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/pages/ucdwelcomepage.aspx\">University of Colorado Denver\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco is an industry that relies on child labor,” said Ortañez. “We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Human Rights Watch, a nonprofit advocacy group, released \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrw.org/reports/2014/05/13/tobacco-s-hidden-children\">a report\u003c/a> about the dangerous working conditions for children as young as seven who work in U.S. tobacco fields. Many young workers were exposed to pesticides and nicotine that sometimes resulted in acute nicotine poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando Chambers, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ca.uky.edu/KTRDC/\">Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center\u003c/a> (KTRDC), said that tobacco used for biofuel would be machine harvested, making child labor a non-issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conventional tobacco uses lots of labor, but genetically modified tobacco would be planted closer together and be machine harvested,” Chambers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortañez contends that tobacco research, whether for biofuel or cancer vaccines, ultimately helps tobacco companies’ portray the industry in a positive light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\" width=\"343\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tobacco for cigarettes is picked by hand but tobacco grown for biofuel would be more efficiently harvested by machines. Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco for biofuel is just another strategy for the tobacco industry to derail the discussion about unfair contracts and low leaf prices [for farmers],” said Ortañez. “It’s the last-ditch effort of tobacco companies to represent themselves as having any sort of benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When contacted, cigarette manufacturer Philip Morris declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Folium biologist Peggy Lemaux, the research is neither supported nor influenced by the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project had nothing to do with big tobacco,” said Lemaux. “It was thought of by a bunch of researchers because it’s not an edible crop, it has a high biomass and it’s easy to genetically manipulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemaux and other scientists participating in Folium have not received money from the tobacco companies, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the problems associated with tobacco farming, Ortañez does believe Folium has merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am excited that the biofuel project will get people talking about labor rights and unfair wages,” said Ortañez. “There’s a lot of room for tobacco to improve.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "68329 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=68329",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/06/03/tobacco-gets-a-makeover-as-new-source-for-biofuel/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1020,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1442678272,
"excerpt": "Is a new biofuel a win for renewable energy or the far-reaching arms of the tobacco industry?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Is a new biofuel a win for renewable energy or the far-reaching arms of the tobacco industry?",
"title": "Tobacco Gets a Makeover as New Source for Biofuel | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Tobacco Gets a Makeover as New Source for Biofuel",
"datePublished": "2014-06-03T07:00:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-19T08:57:52-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "tobacco-gets-a-makeover-as-new-source-for-biofuel",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/",
"source": "Energy",
"path": "/quest/68329/tobacco-gets-a-makeover-as-new-source-for-biofuel",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tobacco is about to get a facelift. As a key ingredient in cigarettes, the plant contributes to gum disease, emphysema and cancer. This has led to a decline in cigarette sales and tobacco production in the United States over the past 25 years. But one research team thinks tobacco could provide a societal benefit by becoming a new source for biofuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the things that make tobacco bad are really good for fuels,” said \u003ca href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/bill-shelander\">Bill Shelander\u003c/a>, business development specialist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.lbl.gov/\"> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you smoke cigarettes you are smoking tar and nicotine, and the tar is bad for health,” he said. “Tobacco is unusually high in tar content and it’s the type of chemical that can be converted into fuels -- they are precursors to oil. If these plants were buried for millions of years they would be a very nice oil reserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has partnered with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/index.html\">University of California-Berkeley\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uky.edu/\">University of Kentucky\u003c/a> to engineer tobacco so that its leaves produce oil that can more easily be converted into a fuel source for everything from cars to yachts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called \u003ca href=\"http://ucbiotech.org/folium/\">Folium\u003c/a>, is backed by a $4.8 million grant from the \u003ca href=\"http://arpa-e.energy.gov/\">Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy\u003c/a> or ARPA-E, a \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/\">U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/a> agency that funds the research and development of emerging energy technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70734\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 341px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"NextMeal_Tobacco_Arwen_Curry\" width=\"341\" height=\"229\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers introduce genes from cyanobacteria and algae to increase the amount of oil that is produced in tobacco leaves. Photo: Arwen Curry, KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The idea for biofuel -- using plants as a fuel source -- is nothing new, but it has gained popularity in recent years with rising gasoline prices and concern that burning fossil fuels is a main driver of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common source for biofuel in the U.S. is corn, which is fermented and turned into an alcohol, called ethanol, that is added to gasoline and used to power automobiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create biofuel from tobacco, researchers have added genes from algae and cyanobacteria that can process sunlight more efficiently than corn does and convert the sunlight into hydrocarbons via photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrocarbons in the engineered tobacco are a form of bio-crude oil, an antecedent to fuel. This bio-crude can be stored in the leaves and directly removed and processed to create biofuel, which requires fewer steps than making ethanol, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because less processing is required, at a commercial scale biofuel from tobacco could be price competitive with gasoline at three to six dollars a gallon, said Peggy Lemaux, a University of California-Berkeley biologist working on the Folium team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant has several other distinct advantages, said Lemaux. Tobacco doesn’t compete with the national food supply. It occupies 350,000 acres of land, compared to 95.3 million for corn, and is cultivated in designated areas where it has been produced for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also can be harvested several times a year and it produces more biomass than traditional biofuel crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the [tobacco] industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities -Marty Ortañez \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Kentucky have been planting and machine harvesting tobacco on a two-acre plot to measure the potential yield. The tobacco biofuel has not been used in vehicles yet and would need more financial backing for testing after the three-year Department of Energy grant runs out this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say there are lots of problems with the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesticide pollution and inhumane working conditions are prevalent in the countries where tobacco is grown, said anthropology professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/CLAS/Departments/anthropology/AboutUs/Contact/DepartmentDirectory/Pages/MartyOta%C3%B1ez.aspx\">Marty Ortañez\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucdenver.edu/pages/ucdwelcomepage.aspx\">University of Colorado Denver\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco is an industry that relies on child labor,” said Ortañez. “We need alternative sources of fuel, but we also need researchers to come up with remedies to end the industry’s behavior that harms soils and communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Human Rights Watch, a nonprofit advocacy group, released \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrw.org/reports/2014/05/13/tobacco-s-hidden-children\">a report\u003c/a> about the dangerous working conditions for children as young as seven who work in U.S. tobacco fields. Many young workers were exposed to pesticides and nicotine that sometimes resulted in acute nicotine poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando Chambers, managing director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ca.uky.edu/KTRDC/\">Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center\u003c/a> (KTRDC), said that tobacco used for biofuel would be machine harvested, making child labor a non-issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conventional tobacco uses lots of labor, but genetically modified tobacco would be planted closer together and be machine harvested,” Chambers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortañez contends that tobacco research, whether for biofuel or cancer vaccines, ultimately helps tobacco companies’ portray the industry in a positive light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70755\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 343px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-70755\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Tobacco-harvesting_300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\" width=\"343\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tobacco for cigarettes is picked by hand but tobacco grown for biofuel would be more efficiently harvested by machines. Photo: La Casa del Habano and Habanos S.A.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Tobacco for biofuel is just another strategy for the tobacco industry to derail the discussion about unfair contracts and low leaf prices [for farmers],” said Ortañez. “It’s the last-ditch effort of tobacco companies to represent themselves as having any sort of benefit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When contacted, cigarette manufacturer Philip Morris declined to comment for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Folium biologist Peggy Lemaux, the research is neither supported nor influenced by the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This project had nothing to do with big tobacco,” said Lemaux. “It was thought of by a bunch of researchers because it’s not an edible crop, it has a high biomass and it’s easy to genetically manipulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemaux and other scientists participating in Folium have not received money from the tobacco companies, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the problems associated with tobacco farming, Ortañez does believe Folium has merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am excited that the biofuel project will get people talking about labor rights and unfair wages,” said Ortañez. “There’s a lot of room for tobacco to improve.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/68329/tobacco-gets-a-makeover-as-new-source-for-biofuel",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"quest_11765",
"quest_8",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_85",
"quest_116",
"quest_328",
"quest_12871",
"quest_12700",
"quest_12502",
"quest_12269",
"quest_9950",
"quest_1626",
"quest_12870",
"quest_13",
"quest_2409",
"quest_12868",
"quest_12869",
"quest_10239",
"quest_10240"
],
"featImg": "quest_70612",
"label": "source_quest_68329"
},
"quest_52167": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_52167",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "52167",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1399989609000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1399989609,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "From Coal to Canvas: An Artist Turns Toxic Runoff into Palette-Worthy Paints",
"title": "From Coal to Canvas: An Artist Turns Toxic Runoff into Palette-Worthy Paints",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This is an area where we have massive coal mines left abandoned,\" says Sabraw.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>John Sabraw grew up making time machines from toasters and old alarm clocks. He built a helicopter from fence pickets and broom handles for liftoff from the military base where he spent his childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever he could lay his hands on Sabraw would turn into craft and sculpture. These days he brings that same principle of salvage and innovation to \u003ca href=\"http://www.johnsabraw.com/#/home?i=299\">his work\u003c/a> as a professional artist. Inspired by science and the natural world, his goal is to produce artwork using sustainable materials and methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57305\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Photo_20110308_114717.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Photo_20110308_114717-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Rain washes heavy metals from old Ohio coal mines into streams and lakes, acidifying the ecosystem. Engineers figured out how to remove the metals and turn them into paint. Photo courtesy of the Ohio Dept of Natural Resources.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rain washes heavy metals from old coal mines into waterways, acidifying the ecosystem. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/mineral/acid/tabid/10421/Default.aspx\">Ohio Dept of Natural Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That goal is made easier by his collegiate surroundings. Partnering with Ohio University engineer \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.edu/ohiocoal/people/riefler.cfm\">Dr. Guy Riefler\u003c/a>, they developed an entirely new type of paint made of the runoff from Ohio’s old coal mines. “This is an area where we have massive coal mines left abandoned,” says Sabraw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iron ore and other heavy metals wash out of those old mines. They acidify streams, kill fish, and damage ecosystems. “You look at these streams and they are absolutely orange or a really acidic yellow -- sort of a vomit yellow,” says Sabraw, “and you know it’s dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“You look at these streams and they are absolutely orange or a really acidic yellow -- sort of a vomit yellow,” says Sabraw, “and you know it’s dead.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Riefler and Sabraw found a way to extract those metals from the streams and put them to work as pigments. Iron ore (ferrous oxide) is the basis of commercial red and yellow paints, but according to Sabraw a lot of it comes from China. “They take rusted old metals and put them in giant tanks and use chemicals to get it to do what our streams are doing naturally here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a heavy glass mortar, Sabraw demonstrates how he blends the pigments with oil to create a rich mahogany hue. “You can get a range of shades. It can go anywhere from a super-deep brown, something like 80 percent dark chocolate, all the way up to something that’s going to look like a terra-cotta tile,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw's ultimate goal is to commercialize the paint and put the profits toward the cleanup of runoff-damaged Ohio streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70110\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70110 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2.jpg\" alt=\"Artist John Sabraw checks the paint on one of his works in progress. The brown pigment is sourced from coal mine runoff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist John Sabraw checks the paint on one of his works in progress. The brown pigment is sourced from coal mine runoff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTIST TOOLBOX | \u003c/strong> Check out some of the other methods and materials used by artist John Sabraw:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paint:\u003c/strong> Sabraw uses water and \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209841/flax\">linseed\u003c/a>-oil-based paints, carefully sourced \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Pigments.html\">pigments\u003c/a>, and low-VOC, reusable \u003ca href=\"http://www.paintquality.com/going-green/paint-types/solvent.html\">solvents\u003c/a> to clean his brushes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Canvas:\u003c/strong> Instead of canvas, Sabraw paints on linen, recycled wood, and scrap aluminum from old commercial signage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Delivery:\u003c/strong> All his shipping crates are reusable. Foam and other packing materials are also reused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Studio:\u003c/strong> Sabraw wakes up early to beat the summer heat. His southern Ohio studio isn't air-conditioned. He relies on natural and CFL lighting. When he leaves the studio, it is by bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carbon Credits:\u003c/strong> All of Sabraw’s works are carbon neutral because he purchases carbon offset credits. He even developed an \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenworldart.org/calculator_details.html\">algorithm\u003c/a> for artists to determine their carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Classroom:\u003c/strong> Sabraw is a teacher at Ohio University, where he asks students to consider ideas of sustainability within their craft. He started a website called \u003ca title='\"Green World Art\"' href=\"http://www.greenworldart.org/home.html\" target=\"_blank\">Green World Art\u003c/a> to spark and share best practices within the artist community. And he doesn’t stop at adults. He’s helping build sustainability into the curriculum of the New York-based \u003ca href=\"https://scribbleartworkshop.com/\">Scribble Art Workshop\u003c/a>, a kids’ art program created by one of his former students.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "52167 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=52167",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/05/13/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 652,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1457561162,
"excerpt": " In this video from QUEST Ohio, discover how an artist is repurposing runoff from coalmines to create a variety of rich paint pigments—and draw attention to the state’s polluted waterways.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": " In this video from QUEST Ohio, discover how an artist is repurposing runoff from coalmines to create a variety of rich paint pigments—and draw attention to the state’s polluted waterways.",
"title": "From Coal to Canvas: An Artist Turns Toxic Runoff into Palette-Worthy Paints | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "From Coal to Canvas: An Artist Turns Toxic Runoff into Palette-Worthy Paints",
"datePublished": "2014-05-13T07:00:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-09T14:06:02-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDiy-PIboRw",
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/quest/52167/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This is an area where we have massive coal mines left abandoned,\" says Sabraw.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>John Sabraw grew up making time machines from toasters and old alarm clocks. He built a helicopter from fence pickets and broom handles for liftoff from the military base where he spent his childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever he could lay his hands on Sabraw would turn into craft and sculpture. These days he brings that same principle of salvage and innovation to \u003ca href=\"http://www.johnsabraw.com/#/home?i=299\">his work\u003c/a> as a professional artist. Inspired by science and the natural world, his goal is to produce artwork using sustainable materials and methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57305\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Photo_20110308_114717.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-57305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Photo_20110308_114717-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Rain washes heavy metals from old Ohio coal mines into streams and lakes, acidifying the ecosystem. Engineers figured out how to remove the metals and turn them into paint. Photo courtesy of the Ohio Dept of Natural Resources.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rain washes heavy metals from old coal mines into waterways, acidifying the ecosystem. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/mineral/acid/tabid/10421/Default.aspx\">Ohio Dept of Natural Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That goal is made easier by his collegiate surroundings. Partnering with Ohio University engineer \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohio.edu/ohiocoal/people/riefler.cfm\">Dr. Guy Riefler\u003c/a>, they developed an entirely new type of paint made of the runoff from Ohio’s old coal mines. “This is an area where we have massive coal mines left abandoned,” says Sabraw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iron ore and other heavy metals wash out of those old mines. They acidify streams, kill fish, and damage ecosystems. “You look at these streams and they are absolutely orange or a really acidic yellow -- sort of a vomit yellow,” says Sabraw, “and you know it’s dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“You look at these streams and they are absolutely orange or a really acidic yellow -- sort of a vomit yellow,” says Sabraw, “and you know it’s dead.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Riefler and Sabraw found a way to extract those metals from the streams and put them to work as pigments. Iron ore (ferrous oxide) is the basis of commercial red and yellow paints, but according to Sabraw a lot of it comes from China. “They take rusted old metals and put them in giant tanks and use chemicals to get it to do what our streams are doing naturally here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a heavy glass mortar, Sabraw demonstrates how he blends the pigments with oil to create a rich mahogany hue. “You can get a range of shades. It can go anywhere from a super-deep brown, something like 80 percent dark chocolate, all the way up to something that’s going to look like a terra-cotta tile,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabraw's ultimate goal is to commercialize the paint and put the profits toward the cleanup of runoff-damaged Ohio streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_70110\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-70110 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2.jpg\" alt=\"Artist John Sabraw checks the paint on one of his works in progress. The brown pigment is sourced from coal mine runoff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/Anne2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist John Sabraw checks the paint on one of his works in progress. The brown pigment is sourced from coal mine runoff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTIST TOOLBOX | \u003c/strong> Check out some of the other methods and materials used by artist John Sabraw:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paint:\u003c/strong> Sabraw uses water and \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/209841/flax\">linseed\u003c/a>-oil-based paints, carefully sourced \u003ca href=\"http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Pigments.html\">pigments\u003c/a>, and low-VOC, reusable \u003ca href=\"http://www.paintquality.com/going-green/paint-types/solvent.html\">solvents\u003c/a> to clean his brushes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Canvas:\u003c/strong> Instead of canvas, Sabraw paints on linen, recycled wood, and scrap aluminum from old commercial signage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Delivery:\u003c/strong> All his shipping crates are reusable. Foam and other packing materials are also reused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Studio:\u003c/strong> Sabraw wakes up early to beat the summer heat. His southern Ohio studio isn't air-conditioned. He relies on natural and CFL lighting. When he leaves the studio, it is by bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carbon Credits:\u003c/strong> All of Sabraw’s works are carbon neutral because he purchases carbon offset credits. He even developed an \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenworldart.org/calculator_details.html\">algorithm\u003c/a> for artists to determine their carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Classroom:\u003c/strong> Sabraw is a teacher at Ohio University, where he asks students to consider ideas of sustainability within their craft. He started a website called \u003ca title='\"Green World Art\"' href=\"http://www.greenworldart.org/home.html\" target=\"_blank\">Green World Art\u003c/a> to spark and share best practices within the artist community. And he doesn’t stop at adults. He’s helping build sustainability into the curriculum of the New York-based \u003ca href=\"https://scribbleartworkshop.com/\">Scribble Art Workshop\u003c/a>, a kids’ art program created by one of his former students.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/52167/coal-to-canvas-an-artist-turns-toxic-runoff-into-paints",
"authors": [
"10270"
],
"categories": [
"quest_5",
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_3422",
"quest_3233",
"quest_11766"
],
"tags": [
"quest_12141",
"quest_216",
"quest_12143",
"quest_638",
"quest_12269",
"quest_10327",
"quest_12142",
"quest_12140",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2349",
"quest_10429",
"quest_11409",
"quest_2893",
"quest_3071"
],
"featImg": "quest_57283",
"label": "source_quest_52167"
},
"quest_67581": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_67581",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "67581",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1398434428000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1398434428,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Secrets of the Global Seed Vault: A Conversation with Scientist Luigi Guarino",
"title": "Secrets of the Global Seed Vault: A Conversation with Scientist Luigi Guarino",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On a remote island near the North Pole, a disaster-proof underground vault holds millions of frozen seeds. Like something out of a James Bond movie, this high-security seed bank in Norway’s Svalbard archipelago was built to help ensure the survival of something incredibly precious: food diversity. If this seems extreme, consider that the U.S. has likely lost over \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecobooks.com/books/shatter.htm\">90 percent of fruit tree and vegetable varieties\u003c/a> since 1900 and India has lost an estimated 90 percent of its \u003ca href=\"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://agro.biodiver.se/2009/11/tracking-down-rice-genetic-erosion-numbers/\">rice varieties\u003c/a>, largely as a result of industrialization. If the trend continues and climate change compounds the toll, some of our favorite foods could disappear, and important staples like rice, wheat, and corn may become endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">This stuff is precious and unique, and you don’t want to take any risks with it. Once it’s gone, it’s gone forever... [Luigi Guarino]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To understand why this loss of crop diversity matters and explore the inner workings of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.croptrust.org/content/svalbard-global-seed-vault\">Global Seed Vault\u003c/a>, QUEST TV host \u003ca href=\"http://simransethi.com\">Simran Sethi\u003c/a> talks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.croptrust.org/content/technical-team\">Luigi Guarino\u003c/a>, a scientist with the\u003ca href=\"http://www.croptrust.org/\"> Global Crop Diversity Trust\u003c/a>, an organization that helped establish this Arctic seed bank. During the interview Guarino answers questions about how seeds are acquired and stored, whether the vault accepts genetically modified seeds, and who owns and manages the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sethi herself has a particular interest and growing expertise in the subject of seeds, which was the focus of her \u003ca href=\"http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Seeds-The-Buried-Beginnings-of\">TEDx talk\u003c/a> in 2013. Sethi first met Guarino while conducting research for a book she is writing about the loss of biodiversity. She credits Guarino for reminding her -- and her book editor -- that seeds are not only sexy; they \u003cstrong>are\u003c/strong> sex. Watch their long-distance Google Hangout below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nmn8fQKg1YE\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>*See some footage of the Global Seed Vault \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/saving-our-seeds/\">in this QUEST television segment\u003c/a> about efforts to preserve seed diversity in America’s Midwest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "67581 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67581",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/25/secrets-of-the-svalbard-global-seed-vault/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 325,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 5
},
"modified": 1442692790,
"excerpt": "Explore the inner workings of a mysterious seed vault on a remote island near the North Pole. Scientist Luigi Guarino talks to QUEST about this initiative to safeguard the future of the world’s food diversity.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Explore the inner workings of a mysterious seed vault on a remote island near the North Pole. Scientist Luigi Guarino talks to QUEST about this initiative to safeguard the future of the world’s food diversity.",
"title": "Secrets of the Global Seed Vault: A Conversation with Scientist Luigi Guarino | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Secrets of the Global Seed Vault: A Conversation with Scientist Luigi Guarino",
"datePublished": "2014-04-25T07:00:28-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-19T12:59:50-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "secrets-of-the-svalbard-global-seed-vault",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"source": "Biology",
"path": "/quest/67581/secrets-of-the-svalbard-global-seed-vault",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a remote island near the North Pole, a disaster-proof underground vault holds millions of frozen seeds. Like something out of a James Bond movie, this high-security seed bank in Norway’s Svalbard archipelago was built to help ensure the survival of something incredibly precious: food diversity. If this seems extreme, consider that the U.S. has likely lost over \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecobooks.com/books/shatter.htm\">90 percent of fruit tree and vegetable varieties\u003c/a> since 1900 and India has lost an estimated 90 percent of its \u003ca href=\"http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://agro.biodiver.se/2009/11/tracking-down-rice-genetic-erosion-numbers/\">rice varieties\u003c/a>, largely as a result of industrialization. If the trend continues and climate change compounds the toll, some of our favorite foods could disappear, and important staples like rice, wheat, and corn may become endangered.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">This stuff is precious and unique, and you don’t want to take any risks with it. Once it’s gone, it’s gone forever... [Luigi Guarino]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To understand why this loss of crop diversity matters and explore the inner workings of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.croptrust.org/content/svalbard-global-seed-vault\">Global Seed Vault\u003c/a>, QUEST TV host \u003ca href=\"http://simransethi.com\">Simran Sethi\u003c/a> talks to \u003ca href=\"https://www.croptrust.org/content/technical-team\">Luigi Guarino\u003c/a>, a scientist with the\u003ca href=\"http://www.croptrust.org/\"> Global Crop Diversity Trust\u003c/a>, an organization that helped establish this Arctic seed bank. During the interview Guarino answers questions about how seeds are acquired and stored, whether the vault accepts genetically modified seeds, and who owns and manages the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sethi herself has a particular interest and growing expertise in the subject of seeds, which was the focus of her \u003ca href=\"http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Seeds-The-Buried-Beginnings-of\">TEDx talk\u003c/a> in 2013. Sethi first met Guarino while conducting research for a book she is writing about the loss of biodiversity. She credits Guarino for reminding her -- and her book editor -- that seeds are not only sexy; they \u003cstrong>are\u003c/strong> sex. Watch their long-distance Google Hangout below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nmn8fQKg1YE\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>*See some footage of the Global Seed Vault \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/saving-our-seeds/\">in this QUEST television segment\u003c/a> about efforts to preserve seed diversity in America’s Midwest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/67581/secrets-of-the-svalbard-global-seed-vault",
"authors": [
"5412"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_6",
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_3229"
],
"tags": [
"quest_326",
"quest_12269",
"quest_11155",
"quest_12840",
"quest_12841",
"quest_2349",
"quest_2352",
"quest_12839",
"quest_12297",
"quest_13364",
"quest_12838"
],
"featImg": "quest_70082",
"label": "source_quest_67581"
},
"quest_67209": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_67209",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "67209",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1396634425000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1396634425,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Bike To The Future",
"title": "Bike To The Future",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Picture a vehicle that would look equally at home on \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1843821_1843820_1843808,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Flintstones\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdWswvLPdE0\" target=\"_blank\">The Jetsons\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>and you’ll have a pretty good idea of the ELF’s unique design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68922\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_3046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68922 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_3046-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Rob Cotter, a lifelong inventor, started his company Organic Transit after a career designing high-end race cars. Photos by David Huppert/UNC-TV.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rob Cotter, a lifelong inventor, started his company Organic Transit after a career designing high-end race cars. Photos by David Huppert/UNC-TV.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ELF is a semi-enclosed tricycle with a roof, trunk, and enough room for eight bags of groceries. And while it doesn’t require a license plate, the bike-lane-legal electric- and human-powered ELF is capable of cruising up to 30 miles per hour, thanks to its onboard rechargeable battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012 Rob Cotter and a group of mechanics, bike builders, and engineers started \u003ca href=\"http://organictransit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Organic Transit\u003c/a>, a Durham, North Carolina, company dedicated to manufacturing highly efficient tricycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69004\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 172px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/TransportationEfficiencyInfographicforQuest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69004 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Elf_Graph_Finalv1_big-172x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ELF's velomobile design offers aerodynamic advantages over traditional bicycles. Infographic by Ariana Rodriguez-Gitler/UNC-TV. Click to enlarge.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One element that separates the ELF from other electric-assist bikes is its protective aerodynamic shell. And it’s that outer shell that qualifies the ELF as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=velomobile&espv=210&es_sm=119&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=qzEzU6zfD-ersAS3lYDIAQ&ved=0CDIQsAQ&biw=1201&bih=660\" target=\"_blank\">velomobile\u003c/a>,” a class of vehicle that comes in many shapes and sizes, including some of the most efficient vehicles on the road. Most velos, as they are known, are enclosed recumbent tricycles that generate incredible efficiency, thanks to their sleek design. From his work with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ihpva.org/about.htm\" target=\"_blank\">International Human Powered Vehicle Association \u003c/a>Cotter knew it was possible to design a velo that could travel at speeds that would tempt people to ditch their cars for an ELF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cotter, “Many types of technology come together and merge to fill this technological space between a bicycle and a car.”Some of the ELF’s futuristic features include its continuously variable transmission (CVT), which consists of two chains that coast independently, eliminating any friction when switching between pedal power and the 600-watt backup battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If and when riders get tired of pedaling, they can flip a switch, stop pedaling, and still cruise at speeds up to 15 miles per hour using the onboard rechargeable lithium iron phosphate battery. What’s more, the battery can be powered from the roof’s solar panel in about seven hours. If it’s cloudy outside, the ELF can get a charge from a traditional outlet in about an hour and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/wheel_adjustment.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/wheel_adjustment-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"The ELF is manufactured in Durham, North Carolina. Plans are reportedly in the works for a truck version, capable of transporting two people and with a higher payload capacity.\" width=\"360\" height=\"202\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ELF is manufactured in Durham, North Carolina. Plans are reportedly in the works for a truck version, with a higher payload capacity capable of transporting two people.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These distribution goals will likely give rise to new challenges, such as how to source sustainable solar materials and batteries, how to integrate ELFs into the bike/car culture, and how to make the vehicle affordable for the masses. But for now Cotter is focused on defining a new transportation category. “For inventors or builders or designers or entrepreneurs, if they have the opportunity to launch a very green product, a product that can help lots of people, it’s the best thing you can ever do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The \"Bike To The Future\" Quest video was co-produced by Stephanie Bourland and David Huppert.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: the video mistakenly refers to the ELF's CVT as a contingency variable transmission instead of a continuously variable transmission.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "67209 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67209",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/04/bike-to-the-future/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 562,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1457556201,
"excerpt": "Meet the ELF -- a solar and pedal powered vehicle bridging the gap between bicycles and cars. See the ELF in action in this new QUEST video.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Meet the ELF -- a solar and pedal powered vehicle bridging the gap between bicycles and cars. See the ELF in action in this new QUEST video.",
"title": "Bike To The Future | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Bike To The Future",
"datePublished": "2014-04-04T11:00:25-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-09T12:43:21-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "bike-to-the-future",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYHRNG95duU",
"source": "Engineering",
"path": "/quest/67209/bike-to-the-future",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Picture a vehicle that would look equally at home on \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1843821_1843820_1843808,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Flintstones\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdWswvLPdE0\" target=\"_blank\">The Jetsons\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>and you’ll have a pretty good idea of the ELF’s unique design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68922\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 379px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_3046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68922 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/IMG_3046-379x253.jpg\" alt=\"Rob Cotter, a lifelong inventor, started his company Organic Transit after a career designing high-end race cars. Photos by David Huppert/UNC-TV.\" width=\"379\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rob Cotter, a lifelong inventor, started his company Organic Transit after a career designing high-end race cars. Photos by David Huppert/UNC-TV.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ELF is a semi-enclosed tricycle with a roof, trunk, and enough room for eight bags of groceries. And while it doesn’t require a license plate, the bike-lane-legal electric- and human-powered ELF is capable of cruising up to 30 miles per hour, thanks to its onboard rechargeable battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012 Rob Cotter and a group of mechanics, bike builders, and engineers started \u003ca href=\"http://organictransit.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Organic Transit\u003c/a>, a Durham, North Carolina, company dedicated to manufacturing highly efficient tricycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69004\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 172px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/TransportationEfficiencyInfographicforQuest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-69004 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/Elf_Graph_Finalv1_big-172x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"172\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ELF's velomobile design offers aerodynamic advantages over traditional bicycles. Infographic by Ariana Rodriguez-Gitler/UNC-TV. Click to enlarge.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One element that separates the ELF from other electric-assist bikes is its protective aerodynamic shell. And it’s that outer shell that qualifies the ELF as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=velomobile&espv=210&es_sm=119&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ei=qzEzU6zfD-ersAS3lYDIAQ&ved=0CDIQsAQ&biw=1201&bih=660\" target=\"_blank\">velomobile\u003c/a>,” a class of vehicle that comes in many shapes and sizes, including some of the most efficient vehicles on the road. Most velos, as they are known, are enclosed recumbent tricycles that generate incredible efficiency, thanks to their sleek design. From his work with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ihpva.org/about.htm\" target=\"_blank\">International Human Powered Vehicle Association \u003c/a>Cotter knew it was possible to design a velo that could travel at speeds that would tempt people to ditch their cars for an ELF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cotter, “Many types of technology come together and merge to fill this technological space between a bicycle and a car.”Some of the ELF’s futuristic features include its continuously variable transmission (CVT), which consists of two chains that coast independently, eliminating any friction when switching between pedal power and the 600-watt backup battery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If and when riders get tired of pedaling, they can flip a switch, stop pedaling, and still cruise at speeds up to 15 miles per hour using the onboard rechargeable lithium iron phosphate battery. What’s more, the battery can be powered from the roof’s solar panel in about seven hours. If it’s cloudy outside, the ELF can get a charge from a traditional outlet in about an hour and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/wheel_adjustment.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/wheel_adjustment-450x253.jpg\" alt=\"The ELF is manufactured in Durham, North Carolina. Plans are reportedly in the works for a truck version, capable of transporting two people and with a higher payload capacity.\" width=\"360\" height=\"202\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ELF is manufactured in Durham, North Carolina. Plans are reportedly in the works for a truck version, with a higher payload capacity capable of transporting two people.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These distribution goals will likely give rise to new challenges, such as how to source sustainable solar materials and batteries, how to integrate ELFs into the bike/car culture, and how to make the vehicle affordable for the masses. But for now Cotter is focused on defining a new transportation category. “For inventors or builders or designers or entrepreneurs, if they have the opportunity to launch a very green product, a product that can help lots of people, it’s the best thing you can ever do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The \"Bike To The Future\" Quest video was co-produced by Stephanie Bourland and David Huppert.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: the video mistakenly refers to the ELF's CVT as a contingency variable transmission instead of a continuously variable transmission.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/67209/bike-to-the-future",
"authors": [
"10296"
],
"categories": [
"quest_6",
"quest_11765",
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_16",
"quest_3422",
"quest_3233"
],
"tags": [
"quest_315",
"quest_320",
"quest_949",
"quest_12771",
"quest_12269",
"quest_12772",
"quest_10427",
"quest_2709",
"quest_2893",
"quest_2983",
"quest_12770",
"quest_3071"
],
"featImg": "quest_69089",
"label": "source_quest_67209"
},
"quest_69075": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_69075",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "69075",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1396447245000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1396447245,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "QUEST TV - Inventing the Future: Bikes, Bugs and Fashionistas",
"title": "QUEST TV - Inventing the Future: Bikes, Bugs and Fashionistas",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Go behind the scenes with a North Carolina inventor bridging the gap between bicycles and cars with his sun-powered velomobile; meet an Ohio engineer transforming flies into fishmeal; and visit a Nebraska textile engineer converting corn husks into fashion. Also, discover a vast network of ocean observatories offering unprecedented views of the Pacific seafloor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles, as they become available:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Bike To The Future\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bike-to-the-future/\">Bike To The Future\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Let Them Eat Flies\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/let-them-eat-flies/\">Let Them Eat Flies\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Farm Waste Fashionistas\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/farm-waste-fashionistas/\">Farm Waste Fasionistas\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "69075 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?post_type=videos&p=69075",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/02/quest-tv-inventing-the-future-bikes-bugs-and-fashionistas/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 93,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 4
},
"modified": 1457556079,
"excerpt": "Meet innovators building sun-powered velomobiles, transforming flies into fishmeal, and converting husks into fashion. Also, discover a vast network of ocean observatories.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Meet innovators building sun-powered velomobiles, transforming flies into fishmeal, and converting husks into fashion. Also, discover a vast network of ocean observatories.",
"title": "QUEST TV - Inventing the Future: Bikes, Bugs and Fashionistas | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "QUEST TV - Inventing the Future: Bikes, Bugs and Fashionistas",
"datePublished": "2014-04-02T07:00:45-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-09T12:41:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "quest-tv-inventing-the-future-bikes-bugs-and-fashionistas",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3elpa8KYeo",
"source": "Engineering",
"path": "/quest/69075/quest-tv-inventing-the-future-bikes-bugs-and-fashionistas",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Episode Description\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Go behind the scenes with a North Carolina inventor bridging the gap between bicycles and cars with his sun-powered velomobile; meet an Ohio engineer transforming flies into fishmeal; and visit a Nebraska textile engineer converting corn husks into fashion. Also, discover a vast network of ocean observatories offering unprecedented views of the Pacific seafloor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Segment Details\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Watch the full 1/2 hour television episode above or watch individual segments and read accompanying articles, as they become available:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Bike To The Future\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/bike-to-the-future/\">Bike To The Future\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Let Them Eat Flies\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/let-them-eat-flies/\">Let Them Eat Flies\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Farm Waste Fashionistas\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/farm-waste-fashionistas/\">Farm Waste Fasionistas\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/69075/quest-tv-inventing-the-future-bikes-bugs-and-fashionistas",
"authors": [
"10216"
],
"categories": [
"quest_11765",
"quest_8",
"quest_3229",
"quest_3422",
"quest_3233"
],
"tags": [
"quest_12781",
"quest_326",
"quest_702",
"quest_984",
"quest_13197",
"quest_1075",
"quest_12604",
"quest_1122",
"quest_12228",
"quest_12562",
"quest_1472",
"quest_2046",
"quest_2349",
"quest_2693",
"quest_13364",
"quest_2893",
"quest_12719",
"quest_2983",
"quest_3071"
],
"featImg": "quest_69089",
"label": "source_quest_69075"
},
"quest_61576": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_61576",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "61576",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1396360845000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1396360845,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Let Them Eat Flies",
"title": "Let Them Eat Flies",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Yellow Springs, Ohio, has been known for its counter-culture vibe since the 1960s, but the day the bug farm arrived its eccentricity rating went up a notch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consisting of a few tidy buildings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.enviroflight.net/\">EnviroFlight\u003c/a> sits across from a hip brewpub in an unassuming industrial park. It houses millions of bugs, but you wouldn’t know it from the outside -- or from the inside for that matter. The “production room” is so bright and clean it could be an industrial bakery. But look closely inside one of the dozens of stainless steel vats and you’ll see writhing insect larvae, happily munching on cookie and cracker crumbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae are those of the \u003ca href=\"https://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg226.html\">black soldier fly\u003c/a>, a native, nonpathogenic insect. The larva’s size increases by 5,000 times in the span of just a few weeks. Their fast growth is key to the operation, but so is their food: mostly pre-consumer waste, aka the scraps from big food manufacturing facilities. Chicken-nugget breading is often on the menu, but sometimes it’s broken cookies or spent grains from the adjacent brewpub -- whatever is cheap and available. “They’ll eat anything,” said Glen Courtright, the man at the helm of the operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-084.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-084-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"EnviroFlight founder Glen Courtright\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EnviroFlight founder Glen Courtright shows off one of his millions black soldier flies. He believes these insects are the key to sustainable animal feed. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a bug farmer in a hippy town, Glen Courtright isn’t what you’d expect. An ex-Naval Intelligence Officer and engineer, he’s now an entrepreneur on the ground floor of what he believes is the next big thing in agriculture. He’s spent years tinkering with the most efficient way to grow his bugs. “The goal here is to grow bugs in a safe and responsible manner to get a safe product into our food chain,” said Courtright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-083.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-083-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Mating Soldier Flies\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black soldier flies mate in the part of the facility that Glen refers to as \"The Love Shack\" -- a structure specifically designed to get the insects to mate. Photo by Anne Glausser\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But where on the food chain will Courtright’s bugs reside? Although his “bug protein” can certainly be used as an alternative protein source for humans, Courtright is very clear that he doesn’t think bugs will be crawling onto our plates anytime soon. Instead, he sees his bugs, among \u003ca href=\"http://www.enviroflight.net/our-process/\">other things,\u003c/a> as a feed augmentation for farmed fish. The appeal to fish is simple. “Fish normally eat bugs in the wild,” said Courtright, referring to the fact that aquatic bugs make up a significant portion of most wild fish diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 602px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68622 \" title=\"Drying Larva\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097.jpg\" alt=\"Drying Larva\" width=\"602\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-1440x809.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-960x539.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtright removes a sample batch of dried larva from his test oven. From here, the larva is ground up and added in place of fishmeal. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmed fish generally eat a combination of corn and soy fillers paired with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/13/vegetarian-farmed-fish-may-be-key-to-sustainable-aquaculture/\">fish meal\u003c/a>, made of ground up small fish like anchovies and sardines. Corn and soy are cheap and plentiful sources of protein and fat, but the most popular farmed fish (salmon, trout, perch, tilapia) are carnivorous and not inclined to eat food that doesn’t contain fish meal. According to Dr. Tony Forshey, chief of animal health for the Ohio Department of Agriculture, it’s a matter of taste. “Fish meal tastes good for the fish,” he said, “so in order to get them to eat it, they have to like it and they have to like the taste of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that the small fish that are used to make fish meal are \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/issues/aquaculture_wildfish.aspx\">wild caught\u003c/a>, and with a growing population of seafood lovers across the world, the threat of overfishing these forage fish is \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/emptyoceans/fts/fishmeal/index.html\">very real\u003c/a>. According to Wooster-based fish farmer Tom Machamer, the threat extends to people’s pocketbooks. “We’re harvesting more from the ocean,” he said, “so the cost of fish meal has increased drastically in the last three or four years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/aquaculture-38.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68619\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/aquaculture-38-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Fish Farmer Tom Machamer\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fish farmer Tom Machamer gathers up some bass at his farm in Wooster, OH. He currently uses traditional fish meal-based feed, but is interested in the prospect of a more affordable and sustainable feed. Photo by Hannah Weinberger.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is where EnviroFlight comes in. According to Courtright’s tests, larger carnivorous fish crave his “insect meal” the same way they do fish meal. And because Courtright is able to grow an abundant, steady supply of insect meal, he thinks he has created a more affordable and sustainable way to feed farmed fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting the growing human population, the overfished oceans, and widespread wasteful food practices, Courtright says his bug engineering could help on many fronts. “We have the technology that can solve two problems,” he noted. “We can solve a food problem, and we can solve a waste problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All with the help of some very hungry flies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "61576 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=61576",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/04/01/let-them-eat-flies/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 853,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1457556009,
"excerpt": "QUEST goes behind the scenes at an innovative “bug farm” in Ohio, where engineer and entrepreneur Glen Courtright harnesses the power of flies to turn food waste into sustainable fish feed.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "QUEST goes behind the scenes at an innovative “bug farm” in Ohio, where engineer and entrepreneur Glen Courtright harnesses the power of flies to turn food waste into sustainable fish feed.",
"title": "Let Them Eat Flies | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Let Them Eat Flies",
"datePublished": "2014-04-01T07:00:45-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-09T12:40:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "let-them-eat-flies",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpol2d0c820",
"source": "Biology",
"path": "/quest/61576/let-them-eat-flies",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yellow Springs, Ohio, has been known for its counter-culture vibe since the 1960s, but the day the bug farm arrived its eccentricity rating went up a notch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consisting of a few tidy buildings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.enviroflight.net/\">EnviroFlight\u003c/a> sits across from a hip brewpub in an unassuming industrial park. It houses millions of bugs, but you wouldn’t know it from the outside -- or from the inside for that matter. The “production room” is so bright and clean it could be an industrial bakery. But look closely inside one of the dozens of stainless steel vats and you’ll see writhing insect larvae, happily munching on cookie and cracker crumbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae are those of the \u003ca href=\"https://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg226.html\">black soldier fly\u003c/a>, a native, nonpathogenic insect. The larva’s size increases by 5,000 times in the span of just a few weeks. Their fast growth is key to the operation, but so is their food: mostly pre-consumer waste, aka the scraps from big food manufacturing facilities. Chicken-nugget breading is often on the menu, but sometimes it’s broken cookies or spent grains from the adjacent brewpub -- whatever is cheap and available. “They’ll eat anything,” said Glen Courtright, the man at the helm of the operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-084.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68621\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-084-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"EnviroFlight founder Glen Courtright\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EnviroFlight founder Glen Courtright shows off one of his millions black soldier flies. He believes these insects are the key to sustainable animal feed. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a bug farmer in a hippy town, Glen Courtright isn’t what you’d expect. An ex-Naval Intelligence Officer and engineer, he’s now an entrepreneur on the ground floor of what he believes is the next big thing in agriculture. He’s spent years tinkering with the most efficient way to grow his bugs. “The goal here is to grow bugs in a safe and responsible manner to get a safe product into our food chain,” said Courtright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-083.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68620\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-083-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Mating Soldier Flies\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black soldier flies mate in the part of the facility that Glen refers to as \"The Love Shack\" -- a structure specifically designed to get the insects to mate. Photo by Anne Glausser\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But where on the food chain will Courtright’s bugs reside? Although his “bug protein” can certainly be used as an alternative protein source for humans, Courtright is very clear that he doesn’t think bugs will be crawling onto our plates anytime soon. Instead, he sees his bugs, among \u003ca href=\"http://www.enviroflight.net/our-process/\">other things,\u003c/a> as a feed augmentation for farmed fish. The appeal to fish is simple. “Fish normally eat bugs in the wild,” said Courtright, referring to the fact that aquatic bugs make up a significant portion of most wild fish diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 602px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68622 \" title=\"Drying Larva\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097.jpg\" alt=\"Drying Larva\" width=\"602\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097.jpg 1673w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-1440x809.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Enviroflight-097-960x539.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtright removes a sample batch of dried larva from his test oven. From here, the larva is ground up and added in place of fishmeal. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmed fish generally eat a combination of corn and soy fillers paired with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/13/vegetarian-farmed-fish-may-be-key-to-sustainable-aquaculture/\">fish meal\u003c/a>, made of ground up small fish like anchovies and sardines. Corn and soy are cheap and plentiful sources of protein and fat, but the most popular farmed fish (salmon, trout, perch, tilapia) are carnivorous and not inclined to eat food that doesn’t contain fish meal. According to Dr. Tony Forshey, chief of animal health for the Ohio Department of Agriculture, it’s a matter of taste. “Fish meal tastes good for the fish,” he said, “so in order to get them to eat it, they have to like it and they have to like the taste of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that the small fish that are used to make fish meal are \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/issues/aquaculture_wildfish.aspx\">wild caught\u003c/a>, and with a growing population of seafood lovers across the world, the threat of overfishing these forage fish is \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/emptyoceans/fts/fishmeal/index.html\">very real\u003c/a>. According to Wooster-based fish farmer Tom Machamer, the threat extends to people’s pocketbooks. “We’re harvesting more from the ocean,” he said, “so the cost of fish meal has increased drastically in the last three or four years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/aquaculture-38.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68619\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/aquaculture-38-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Fish Farmer Tom Machamer\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fish farmer Tom Machamer gathers up some bass at his farm in Wooster, OH. He currently uses traditional fish meal-based feed, but is interested in the prospect of a more affordable and sustainable feed. Photo by Hannah Weinberger.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is where EnviroFlight comes in. According to Courtright’s tests, larger carnivorous fish crave his “insect meal” the same way they do fish meal. And because Courtright is able to grow an abundant, steady supply of insect meal, he thinks he has created a more affordable and sustainable way to feed farmed fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting the growing human population, the overfished oceans, and widespread wasteful food practices, Courtright says his bug engineering could help on many fronts. “We have the technology that can solve two problems,” he noted. “We can solve a food problem, and we can solve a waste problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All with the help of some very hungry flies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/61576/let-them-eat-flies",
"authors": [
"10426"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_8",
"quest_3229",
"quest_3422",
"quest_3233"
],
"tags": [
"quest_9912",
"quest_12736",
"quest_403",
"quest_12741",
"quest_1099",
"quest_12604",
"quest_1122",
"quest_12228",
"quest_12269",
"quest_10327",
"quest_1472",
"quest_12738",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2349",
"quest_10429",
"quest_13364",
"quest_2893",
"quest_3071",
"quest_12295",
"quest_12744"
],
"featImg": "quest_68664",
"label": "source_quest_61576"
},
"quest_58920": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_58920",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "58920",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1395842428000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1395842428,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover",
"title": "Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacant lots are a big problem for cities that have lost a lot of their population, like Detroit and Cleveland. That’s got people tinkering with ways to do something meaningful with the space, such as plant an urban farm or create a neighborhood park. But those options take money, time, and maintenance, so researchers in Cleveland are testing a way to help revitalize an area -- and improve stormwater management -- without breaking the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Cleveland is home to 20,000 vacant lots. Last fall I trudged through one of them with Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be an abandoned building here, flanked by houses in the city’s\u003ca href=\"http://slavicvillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Slavic Village\u003c/a> neighborhood. In its place Albro’s team is installing a rain garden amid rumbling Bobcats, bags of mulch, and plenty of mud. Galoshes were in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68248\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68248\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra Albro plants her rain garden with greenery that will help mitigate stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser. \" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Albro plants the vacant lot with greenery that will help mitigate the city's stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Situated on a slope, at the base of the site is a big, bean-shaped indentation in the soil that will soon be planted with thirsty native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're hoping to accomplish with these beans, our little rain gardens, is to just slow the water down and capture it long enough to let it \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">infiltrate into the soil\u003c/a>,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “beans” are part of an \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/urbanwaters\" target=\"_blank\">EPA-funded research study\u003c/a> looking at lower cost, lower maintenance ways to transform vacant land while benefiting communities and the environment. In the environmental engineering community, this kind of project is often called \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albro has set up nine “beans” in this neighborhood and will be comparing their ability to capture stormwater runoff to control sites they’re also monitoring. Regardless of what the data yield, Albro said “greening” projects like this tend to benefit communities in many ways. “There's been a lot of evidence showing that intensive green in neighborhoods improves property values by about 30 percent,” she said. “It reduces violent crime and improves human health indicators. And then on the green infrastructure side, I mean, we do know that green infrastructure can absorb millions of gallons of stormwater every year, so we're hoping to achieve a mixture of those two things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is a big issue in cities like Cleveland. Heavy rains overwhelm the sewer system here, forcing \u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/cso_edu.php\" target=\"_blank\">raw sewage to discharge\u003c/a> into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622-453x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cleveland_vacants_8-15-13\" width=\"386\" height=\"306\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cleveland's vacant spaces, highlighted in orange, all present opportunities for green revitalization. Credit: Sandra Albro.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Albro hopes data from this study, and others like it, will help cities make smart land-use decisions. “We're definitely not promising this is the be all, end all of vacant land reuse and green infrastructure, but in two years we will be able to tell you exactly how it works and what the pros and cons are,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right as Albro planted the site’s first seedling, an aster, the sky turned gray. I camped out under Marlane Weslian’s umbrella. Weslian is a longtime resident and works for the area development group. She said she joined the project because she cares about stormwater issues, but mostly to help her neighborhood get back on its feet. “I've actually been living in the neighborhood since 1972. I raised my kids here and I'm living here now with my partner and I'm not gonna leave. It's a great neighborhood. We'll weather all the ups and downs. We always have,” Weslian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s plan is to tap into this sense of neighborhood pride, and recruit local volunteers to tend the rain gardens. Urban planners with whom I spoke, including Terry Schwarz with the Kent State Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, say this kind of dual-purpose green infrastructure project could go a long way in helping Cleveland dust off and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a neighborhood that's on the -- maybe on the brink -- that has demolition and some vacant land but also has residents living there who would really like to see their neighborhood turn around, these individual vacant parcels become really important,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "58920 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=58920",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/26/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 741,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1442698980,
"excerpt": "Vacant lots are a big problem for cities with population loss, like Cleveland, where researchers are testing a cost-efficient way to transform abandoned land into spaces that revitalize neighborhoods and improve the environment. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Vacant lots are a big problem for cities with population loss, like Cleveland, where researchers are testing a cost-efficient way to transform abandoned land into spaces that revitalize neighborhoods and improve the environment. ",
"title": "Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Vacant Lots Get a Green Makeover",
"datePublished": "2014-03-26T07:00:28-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-19T14:43:00-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/58920/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover",
"audioUrl": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Vacant+to+vibrant/Stream/vacantstreamwfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacant lots are a big problem for cities that have lost a lot of their population, like Detroit and Cleveland. That’s got people tinkering with ways to do something meaningful with the space, such as plant an urban farm or create a neighborhood park. But those options take money, time, and maintenance, so researchers in Cleveland are testing a way to help revitalize an area -- and improve stormwater management -- without breaking the bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Cleveland is home to 20,000 vacant lots. Last fall I trudged through one of them with Sandra Albro, a researcher with the Cleveland Botanical Garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There used to be an abandoned building here, flanked by houses in the city’s\u003ca href=\"http://slavicvillage.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Slavic Village\u003c/a> neighborhood. In its place Albro’s team is installing a rain garden amid rumbling Bobcats, bags of mulch, and plenty of mud. Galoshes were in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68248\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 202px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68248\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Slavic-Village-Vacant-to-Vibrant-046-202x360.jpg\" alt=\"Sandra Albro plants her rain garden with greenery that will help mitigate stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser. \" width=\"202\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra Albro plants the vacant lot with greenery that will help mitigate the city's stormwater problems. Credit: Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Situated on a slope, at the base of the site is a big, bean-shaped indentation in the soil that will soon be planted with thirsty native grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're hoping to accomplish with these beans, our little rain gardens, is to just slow the water down and capture it long enough to let it \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vmo0FRAVgkM&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">infiltrate into the soil\u003c/a>,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These “beans” are part of an \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/urbanwaters\" target=\"_blank\">EPA-funded research study\u003c/a> looking at lower cost, lower maintenance ways to transform vacant land while benefiting communities and the environment. In the environmental engineering community, this kind of project is often called \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/greeninfrastructure/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">green infrastructure\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albro has set up nine “beans” in this neighborhood and will be comparing their ability to capture stormwater runoff to control sites they’re also monitoring. Regardless of what the data yield, Albro said “greening” projects like this tend to benefit communities in many ways. “There's been a lot of evidence showing that intensive green in neighborhoods improves property values by about 30 percent,” she said. “It reduces violent crime and improves human health indicators. And then on the green infrastructure side, I mean, we do know that green infrastructure can absorb millions of gallons of stormwater every year, so we're hoping to achieve a mixture of those two things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is a big issue in cities like Cleveland. Heavy rains overwhelm the sewer system here, forcing \u003ca href=\"http://www.neorsd.org/cso_edu.php\" target=\"_blank\">raw sewage to discharge\u003c/a> into Lake Erie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68253\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-68253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/08/Cleveland_vacants_8-15-131-e1394635400622-453x360.jpg\" alt=\"Cleveland_vacants_8-15-13\" width=\"386\" height=\"306\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cleveland's vacant spaces, highlighted in orange, all present opportunities for green revitalization. Credit: Sandra Albro.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Albro hopes data from this study, and others like it, will help cities make smart land-use decisions. “We're definitely not promising this is the be all, end all of vacant land reuse and green infrastructure, but in two years we will be able to tell you exactly how it works and what the pros and cons are,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right as Albro planted the site’s first seedling, an aster, the sky turned gray. I camped out under Marlane Weslian’s umbrella. Weslian is a longtime resident and works for the area development group. She said she joined the project because she cares about stormwater issues, but mostly to help her neighborhood get back on its feet. “I've actually been living in the neighborhood since 1972. I raised my kids here and I'm living here now with my partner and I'm not gonna leave. It's a great neighborhood. We'll weather all the ups and downs. We always have,” Weslian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project’s plan is to tap into this sense of neighborhood pride, and recruit local volunteers to tend the rain gardens. Urban planners with whom I spoke, including Terry Schwarz with the Kent State Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative, say this kind of dual-purpose green infrastructure project could go a long way in helping Cleveland dust off and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you take a neighborhood that's on the -- maybe on the brink -- that has demolition and some vacant land but also has residents living there who would really like to see their neighborhood turn around, these individual vacant parcels become really important,” Albro said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/58920/vacant-lots-get-a-green-makeover",
"authors": [
"10270"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_8",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_252",
"quest_12021",
"quest_12699",
"quest_12269",
"quest_12698",
"quest_10327",
"quest_2349",
"quest_3293",
"quest_10429",
"quest_12693",
"quest_11130",
"quest_12694",
"quest_12697",
"quest_11536",
"quest_12701",
"quest_12695",
"quest_12212"
],
"featImg": "quest_68353",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_67857": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_67857",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "67857",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1395756003000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1395756003,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Farm Waste Fashionistas",
"title": "Farm Waste Fashionistas",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>In the near future, when you reach for your favorite shirt or sweater – textile scientist Yiqi Yang wants you to thank CORN – not cotton – for that soft, comfortable feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn? Yup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang thinks part of the world’s most abundant grain may one day rival cotton as the future of textiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang develops sustainable bio-based textile fibers as a biochemical engineer at the University of Nebraska’s Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design. “All clothing is created from fibers,” says Yang. Some are natural, from plants and animals, like cotton, linen, and wool. Others are manufactured from oil-based synthetics, including polyester, spandex, and nylon. The clothing we wear is determined by the supply and demand of natural and synthetic fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A radical change in global fibers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68428\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 930px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68428 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11.jpg\" alt=\"QuestTextileGraph1\" width=\"930\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11.jpg 1897w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-400x175.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-800x350.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-1440x629.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-1180x516.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-960x420.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The source of textile fibers - natural vs. synthetics - has shifted dramatically in the past 50 years. Graphic design: Scott Beachler/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For more than 50 years, a radical shift has been taking place in the worldwide source of fibers. In the 1960s, 80% of fibers were natural, while 20% were oil-based synthetics. Today, synthetics dominate the market because petro-based fibers have been cheap and durable, while natural fibers require higher investments in land and water to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68390 \" style=\"border: 0.5px solid black\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph3.jpg\" alt=\"QuestTextileGraph3\" width=\"303\" height=\"256\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worldwide consumption of textile fibers has doubled in the past 15 years. It will double again in the next 10-15 years. Graphic design: Scott Beachler/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But our changing world is impacting the textile supply. An oil shortage is causing petroleum prices to rise, increasing the cost of synthetics. And soaring global populations are competing for space traditionally used to grow crops and cotton – creating a critical need to both feed and clothe the spiraling masses with less available land. Yang fears a crisis is brewing that could create an uncertain future – one that pits growing food vs. clothing fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the world’s annual demand for textile fibers is 85 million tons. Just 15 years ago, it was about \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">half\u003c/span> that figure. Yang cautions, “The consumption will double \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">again\u003c/span> in the next 10-15 years. So everyone in the fiber industry worries how we can get that much fiber for the unlimited demands of humankind?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn tops Yang’s list of new fiber options. “If you look at history, textiles are agriculture. And Nebraska is the place we have lots of corn,” says Yang. Corn is also grown worldwide. Most of that crop is used to feed people and animals – with some serving as a fuel additive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not the corn kernels that interest Yang. It’s their husks he’s after – part of the farm waste left behind in the harvesting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can farm waste become fiber?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68482\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 231px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/SuperdomeHighway1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68482\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/SuperdomeHighway1-231x253.jpg\" alt=\"SuperdomeHighway\" width=\"231\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos: Superdome interior - Scott Walker.\u003cbr>Superdome exterior - Photos.com.\u003cbr>Graphic design: Scott Beachler/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, the annual farm waste from corn is enormous, a whopping 400 million tons. That’s enough to fill 1,000 Superdomes each year! The stalks, leaves and husks are normally diced up during harvesting and left on the fields to decompose as fertilizer to enrich the soil for the next growing season. But where farmers see fodder for soil, Yang sees a new source of renewable natural fibers that could reduce our dependence on oil-based synthetics – and help meet the world’s textile needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how can Yang’s corn husks become textiles? Corn husks, like cotton, contains cellulose, the building blocks of plant’s cell walls. Cotton is almost pure cellulose that is plucked from the plant’s flower. But corn husks, stalks, cobs, and leaves are made of \u003cstrong>lignocellulose\u003c/strong> – complex and woody biopolymers (lignen, cellulose, and hemicellulose) that are distributed throughout the plant. Many of the fibers in the stalks and leaves are too coarse for textiles. But finer fibers are embedded in the husks to protect the kernels throughout a long growing season. To make husks useful for textiles, Yang and his researchers separate the lignocellulose fibers from the husks in a patented biochemical process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Converting husks to fibers in the lab\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68464\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yangs-LAB_893_8069_01.new_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yangs-LAB_893_8069_01.new_-228x169.jpg\" alt=\"Yang's LAB_893_8069_01.new\" width=\"228\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yang's graduate students operate a test lab to extract fibers from corn husks. Photo: Gary Hochman/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yang’s team designed a custom-built test lab for the process. “We use common, non-toxic chemicals in a mechanical and biochemical process to extract the fibers,” he says. Yang’s graduate students empty a trash can of husks into a stainless steel tumbling reactor and add a solution of simple chemicals (acetic acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, surfactants, and softeners). Piping in hot water, the reactor rotates continuously for half an hour as the solution breaks down the rigid husk material, leaving behind clumps of coarse fibers. The fibers are then washed with water, and dried. Finally, another biochemical treatment reduces the diameter of the coarse fibers to make finer strands. Once the fine fibers are bleached, they can be spun into yarns and colored with common cotton dyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68469\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 193px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ECU-Husk-Fibers-2_893_8069_01.new_.01.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68469\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ECU-Husk-Fibers-2_893_8069_01.new_.01-193x169.jpg\" alt=\"ECU Husk Fibers 2_893_8069_01.new.01\" width=\"193\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lignocellulose fibers from corn husks. Photo: Gary Hochman/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the husk fibers look similar to common textile fibers, Yang says they have different properties than cotton or linen. “Fibers from corn husks have much better stretchability compared to any other natural cellulose fibers. That makes it compatible to be spun together with synthetic fibers, like polyester, that are usually mixed with cotton in making textiles,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has proved that husk fibers can be made on a small scale. So far, Yang’s team has made one prototype, a red sweater from a yarn mixed from corn husks and polyester fibers. By touch, it’s softer than linen, but similar to cotton. But making one sweater requires a single trash can of husks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can corn husks find a market?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the process to work on an industrial scale will require massive volumes of husks. That’s no easy task. “Right now, it’s a challenge because there’s not a market for husks,” laments Yang. For the most part, the farming industry is set up to harvest corn for its kernels. Conventional harvesters shell the corn grain, but aren’t designed to separate the rest of the corn plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68486\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/AK-4_MVI_0010.MP4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68486\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/AK-4_MVI_0010.MP4-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"A&K 4_MVI_0010.MP4\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">High speed corn husking equipment designed by A&K Development Company separates husks from whole corn cobs at a sweet corn manufacturing plant. Courtesy: Sergio Holm/A&K Development Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Consulting industry experts, Yang found two exceptions – seed corn and sweet corn manufacturers. Both harvest full cobs, complete with husks. A&K Development Company in Eugene, Oregon manufactures high-speed automated corn husking assemblies that shred the husks off in the blink of an eye before shelling the kernels for seed or sweet corn. Most of these husks are sold to livestock breeders as feed for cattle. In time, these growers and manufacturers might become a source for husks. But it would take complex distribution to make it work – and transportation costs might make it unaffordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68496\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 258px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dux-students-4_Cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dux-students-4_Cropped-258x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dux students 4_Cropped\" width=\"258\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mead High School teacher Thomas Dux and his student 4-H members harvest corn husks by hand\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a while, it looked like the Yang might have to rely upon a century old solution – picking husks by hand. To help, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln enlisted the help of 4-H, the nation’s youth agricultural organization. Thomas Dux, Mead High School science teacher and 4-H leader, organized a class project to help Yang by having his students collect husks in trash bags. “Someday, we hope corn husks will be a commodity,” says Dux, as he bags a fistful of husks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But collecting husks by hand is impractical. A single barrel weighs under 10 pounds. Yang’s team needs 1,000 pounds to run a larger scale test to convince farmers, implement manufacturers and textile mill operators that husks are worth harvesting on an industrial scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dux hopes his class project inspires students to think about sustainable agriculture and new uses for crops. “Maybe one of our students will be the person who creates a part of a combine that actually separates the husk and stores them in a bin,” he adds hopefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68517\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 366px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Jay-and-Ty-2_Cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Jay-and-Ty-2_Cropped-366x253.jpg\" alt=\"Jay and Ty 2_Cropped\" width=\"366\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">FarMax agricultural engineers Jay and Ty Stukenholz are designing innovations in harvesting equipment that may create a commodity for corn husks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unbeknownst to the class, 40 miles away, two enterprising twins, Ty and Jay Stukenholtz, are closing in on a solution. The Stukenholz brothers are agricultural engineers who farm near Nebraska City. During the past 10 years, they’ve designed and custom-built three combines and formed a company, FarmMax, to create sustainable harvesting equipment. They began with a prototype harvester that separates cobs as a source for biochemicals and biofuels. “Over the years, we figured ways to clean the waste stream from a combine,” says Ty Stukenholtz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68794\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/FarmMax-Farm-Waste-Recovery-Device.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68794\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/FarmMax-Farm-Waste-Recovery-Device-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"The FarmMax Farm Waste Recovery Device attaches onto existing corn harvesting combines.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The FarmMax Farm Waste Recovery Device attaches onto existing corn harvesting combines.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Stukenholtz brothers learned of Yang’s plan to harvest husks for textile fibers, they re-designed their harvester to separate kernels and cobs, grind the stalks as mulch for the field, and eject the husks out the back of the combine to collect in a bobcat. “There is literally no combine in the world that can do what this machine is doing right now,” adds Ty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, they’ve re-engineered a farm waste recovery device that attaches onto existing commercial combines. Jay adds, “We’ve designed it to fit any combine.” Soon, their invention will allow farmers to collect kernels, cobs, and husks in one pass, while unloading them “on-the-go,” rather than pulling a cart or making multiple passes to pick up discarded farm waste. Their single-pass system is a sustainable means of saving time and fuel, while enabling farmers to create additional revenue from corn byproducts. “I think it’s got great potential,” adds Ty. “If harvesting husks brings in a similar price to cotton, farmers would really think about the value of those husks.”\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yiqi-Yang_Corn-WS.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-68542\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yiqi-Yang_Corn-WS-255x169.jpg\" alt=\"Yiqi Yang_Corn WS\" width=\"255\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stukenholtz farm waste recovery system may be a game changer for creating a commodity of husks. And although the market doesn’t yet exist, Yiqi Yang remains optimistic. “We have a strong agricultural industry. We’re using Ag wastes. It’s a perfect fit here in Nebraska, and there’s no reason we cannot develop a fiber industry right here at home,” said Yang.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "67857 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67857",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/25/farm-waste-fashionistas/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1864,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1457555937,
"excerpt": "In this video, discover how a biochemical engineer in Nebraska is transforming corn husks into fibers for clothing. Could husk fibers rival cotton as a mainstay for textiles in the future?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In this video, discover how a biochemical engineer in Nebraska is transforming corn husks into fibers for clothing. Could husk fibers rival cotton as a mainstay for textiles in the future?",
"title": "Farm Waste Fashionistas | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Farm Waste Fashionistas",
"datePublished": "2014-03-25T07:00:03-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-03-09T12:38:57-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "farm-waste-fashionistas",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcaMyWY6gU0",
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/quest/67857/farm-waste-fashionistas",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the near future, when you reach for your favorite shirt or sweater – textile scientist Yiqi Yang wants you to thank CORN – not cotton – for that soft, comfortable feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn? Yup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang thinks part of the world’s most abundant grain may one day rival cotton as the future of textiles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang develops sustainable bio-based textile fibers as a biochemical engineer at the University of Nebraska’s Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design. “All clothing is created from fibers,” says Yang. Some are natural, from plants and animals, like cotton, linen, and wool. Others are manufactured from oil-based synthetics, including polyester, spandex, and nylon. The clothing we wear is determined by the supply and demand of natural and synthetic fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A radical change in global fibers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68428\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 930px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68428 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11.jpg\" alt=\"QuestTextileGraph1\" width=\"930\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11.jpg 1897w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-400x175.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-800x350.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-1440x629.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-1180x516.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph11-960x420.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The source of textile fibers - natural vs. synthetics - has shifted dramatically in the past 50 years. Graphic design: Scott Beachler/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For more than 50 years, a radical shift has been taking place in the worldwide source of fibers. In the 1960s, 80% of fibers were natural, while 20% were oil-based synthetics. Today, synthetics dominate the market because petro-based fibers have been cheap and durable, while natural fibers require higher investments in land and water to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 303px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-68390 \" style=\"border: 0.5px solid black\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/QuestTextileGraph3.jpg\" alt=\"QuestTextileGraph3\" width=\"303\" height=\"256\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worldwide consumption of textile fibers has doubled in the past 15 years. It will double again in the next 10-15 years. Graphic design: Scott Beachler/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But our changing world is impacting the textile supply. An oil shortage is causing petroleum prices to rise, increasing the cost of synthetics. And soaring global populations are competing for space traditionally used to grow crops and cotton – creating a critical need to both feed and clothe the spiraling masses with less available land. Yang fears a crisis is brewing that could create an uncertain future – one that pits growing food vs. clothing fibers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the world’s annual demand for textile fibers is 85 million tons. Just 15 years ago, it was about \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">half\u003c/span> that figure. Yang cautions, “The consumption will double \u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">again\u003c/span> in the next 10-15 years. So everyone in the fiber industry worries how we can get that much fiber for the unlimited demands of humankind?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corn tops Yang’s list of new fiber options. “If you look at history, textiles are agriculture. And Nebraska is the place we have lots of corn,” says Yang. Corn is also grown worldwide. Most of that crop is used to feed people and animals – with some serving as a fuel additive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not the corn kernels that interest Yang. It’s their husks he’s after – part of the farm waste left behind in the harvesting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can farm waste become fiber?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68482\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 231px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/SuperdomeHighway1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68482\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/SuperdomeHighway1-231x253.jpg\" alt=\"SuperdomeHighway\" width=\"231\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos: Superdome interior - Scott Walker.\u003cbr>Superdome exterior - Photos.com.\u003cbr>Graphic design: Scott Beachler/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, the annual farm waste from corn is enormous, a whopping 400 million tons. That’s enough to fill 1,000 Superdomes each year! The stalks, leaves and husks are normally diced up during harvesting and left on the fields to decompose as fertilizer to enrich the soil for the next growing season. But where farmers see fodder for soil, Yang sees a new source of renewable natural fibers that could reduce our dependence on oil-based synthetics – and help meet the world’s textile needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how can Yang’s corn husks become textiles? Corn husks, like cotton, contains cellulose, the building blocks of plant’s cell walls. Cotton is almost pure cellulose that is plucked from the plant’s flower. But corn husks, stalks, cobs, and leaves are made of \u003cstrong>lignocellulose\u003c/strong> – complex and woody biopolymers (lignen, cellulose, and hemicellulose) that are distributed throughout the plant. Many of the fibers in the stalks and leaves are too coarse for textiles. But finer fibers are embedded in the husks to protect the kernels throughout a long growing season. To make husks useful for textiles, Yang and his researchers separate the lignocellulose fibers from the husks in a patented biochemical process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Converting husks to fibers in the lab\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68464\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 228px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yangs-LAB_893_8069_01.new_.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yangs-LAB_893_8069_01.new_-228x169.jpg\" alt=\"Yang's LAB_893_8069_01.new\" width=\"228\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yang's graduate students operate a test lab to extract fibers from corn husks. Photo: Gary Hochman/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yang’s team designed a custom-built test lab for the process. “We use common, non-toxic chemicals in a mechanical and biochemical process to extract the fibers,” he says. Yang’s graduate students empty a trash can of husks into a stainless steel tumbling reactor and add a solution of simple chemicals (acetic acid, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, surfactants, and softeners). Piping in hot water, the reactor rotates continuously for half an hour as the solution breaks down the rigid husk material, leaving behind clumps of coarse fibers. The fibers are then washed with water, and dried. Finally, another biochemical treatment reduces the diameter of the coarse fibers to make finer strands. Once the fine fibers are bleached, they can be spun into yarns and colored with common cotton dyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68469\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 193px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ECU-Husk-Fibers-2_893_8069_01.new_.01.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68469\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ECU-Husk-Fibers-2_893_8069_01.new_.01-193x169.jpg\" alt=\"ECU Husk Fibers 2_893_8069_01.new.01\" width=\"193\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lignocellulose fibers from corn husks. Photo: Gary Hochman/NET Television\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the husk fibers look similar to common textile fibers, Yang says they have different properties than cotton or linen. “Fibers from corn husks have much better stretchability compared to any other natural cellulose fibers. That makes it compatible to be spun together with synthetic fibers, like polyester, that are usually mixed with cotton in making textiles,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has proved that husk fibers can be made on a small scale. So far, Yang’s team has made one prototype, a red sweater from a yarn mixed from corn husks and polyester fibers. By touch, it’s softer than linen, but similar to cotton. But making one sweater requires a single trash can of husks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can corn husks find a market?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the process to work on an industrial scale will require massive volumes of husks. That’s no easy task. “Right now, it’s a challenge because there’s not a market for husks,” laments Yang. For the most part, the farming industry is set up to harvest corn for its kernels. Conventional harvesters shell the corn grain, but aren’t designed to separate the rest of the corn plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68486\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/AK-4_MVI_0010.MP4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68486\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/AK-4_MVI_0010.MP4-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"A&K 4_MVI_0010.MP4\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">High speed corn husking equipment designed by A&K Development Company separates husks from whole corn cobs at a sweet corn manufacturing plant. Courtesy: Sergio Holm/A&K Development Co.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Consulting industry experts, Yang found two exceptions – seed corn and sweet corn manufacturers. Both harvest full cobs, complete with husks. A&K Development Company in Eugene, Oregon manufactures high-speed automated corn husking assemblies that shred the husks off in the blink of an eye before shelling the kernels for seed or sweet corn. Most of these husks are sold to livestock breeders as feed for cattle. In time, these growers and manufacturers might become a source for husks. But it would take complex distribution to make it work – and transportation costs might make it unaffordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68496\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 258px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dux-students-4_Cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Dux-students-4_Cropped-258x169.jpg\" alt=\"Dux students 4_Cropped\" width=\"258\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mead High School teacher Thomas Dux and his student 4-H members harvest corn husks by hand\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For a while, it looked like the Yang might have to rely upon a century old solution – picking husks by hand. To help, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln enlisted the help of 4-H, the nation’s youth agricultural organization. Thomas Dux, Mead High School science teacher and 4-H leader, organized a class project to help Yang by having his students collect husks in trash bags. “Someday, we hope corn husks will be a commodity,” says Dux, as he bags a fistful of husks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But collecting husks by hand is impractical. A single barrel weighs under 10 pounds. Yang’s team needs 1,000 pounds to run a larger scale test to convince farmers, implement manufacturers and textile mill operators that husks are worth harvesting on an industrial scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dux hopes his class project inspires students to think about sustainable agriculture and new uses for crops. “Maybe one of our students will be the person who creates a part of a combine that actually separates the husk and stores them in a bin,” he adds hopefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68517\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 366px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Jay-and-Ty-2_Cropped.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Jay-and-Ty-2_Cropped-366x253.jpg\" alt=\"Jay and Ty 2_Cropped\" width=\"366\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">FarMax agricultural engineers Jay and Ty Stukenholz are designing innovations in harvesting equipment that may create a commodity for corn husks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unbeknownst to the class, 40 miles away, two enterprising twins, Ty and Jay Stukenholtz, are closing in on a solution. The Stukenholz brothers are agricultural engineers who farm near Nebraska City. During the past 10 years, they’ve designed and custom-built three combines and formed a company, FarmMax, to create sustainable harvesting equipment. They began with a prototype harvester that separates cobs as a source for biochemicals and biofuels. “Over the years, we figured ways to clean the waste stream from a combine,” says Ty Stukenholtz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68794\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/FarmMax-Farm-Waste-Recovery-Device.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68794\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/FarmMax-Farm-Waste-Recovery-Device-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"The FarmMax Farm Waste Recovery Device attaches onto existing corn harvesting combines.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The FarmMax Farm Waste Recovery Device attaches onto existing corn harvesting combines.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Stukenholtz brothers learned of Yang’s plan to harvest husks for textile fibers, they re-designed their harvester to separate kernels and cobs, grind the stalks as mulch for the field, and eject the husks out the back of the combine to collect in a bobcat. “There is literally no combine in the world that can do what this machine is doing right now,” adds Ty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, they’ve re-engineered a farm waste recovery device that attaches onto existing commercial combines. Jay adds, “We’ve designed it to fit any combine.” Soon, their invention will allow farmers to collect kernels, cobs, and husks in one pass, while unloading them “on-the-go,” rather than pulling a cart or making multiple passes to pick up discarded farm waste. Their single-pass system is a sustainable means of saving time and fuel, while enabling farmers to create additional revenue from corn byproducts. “I think it’s got great potential,” adds Ty. “If harvesting husks brings in a similar price to cotton, farmers would really think about the value of those husks.”\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yiqi-Yang_Corn-WS.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-68542\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/Yiqi-Yang_Corn-WS-255x169.jpg\" alt=\"Yiqi Yang_Corn WS\" width=\"255\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stukenholtz farm waste recovery system may be a game changer for creating a commodity of husks. And although the market doesn’t yet exist, Yiqi Yang remains optimistic. “We have a strong agricultural industry. We’re using Ag wastes. It’s a perfect fit here in Nebraska, and there’s no reason we cannot develop a fiber industry right here at home,” said Yang.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/67857/farm-waste-fashionistas",
"authors": [
"10297"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_3229",
"quest_3422",
"quest_3233"
],
"tags": [
"quest_12734",
"quest_12721",
"quest_702",
"quest_12730",
"quest_12727",
"quest_12720",
"quest_12728",
"quest_12726",
"quest_12731",
"quest_12269",
"quest_12729",
"quest_12718",
"quest_12724",
"quest_12722",
"quest_12732",
"quest_12354",
"quest_13364",
"quest_12733",
"quest_2893",
"quest_12735",
"quest_12719",
"quest_12725",
"quest_10511",
"quest_3071",
"quest_12723"
],
"featImg": "quest_68371",
"label": "source_quest_67857"
},
"quest_65631": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_65631",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "65631",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1395410423000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1395410423,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Dredging Up a Problem",
"title": "Dredging Up a Problem",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "65631 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=65631",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/21/dredging-up-a-problem/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1191,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1442699329,
"excerpt": "The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Cuyahoga River in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent dredging to keep the shipping channels open. Now a controversial new proposal to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie has residents worried about contamination of the public water supply. ",
"title": "Dredging Up a Problem | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Dredging Up a Problem",
"datePublished": "2014-03-21T07:00:23-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-19T14:48:49-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "dredging-up-a-problem",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem",
"audioUrl": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/qbl-int-usw2/QUEST+Ohio/Radio/Content/Dredge/Stream/dredgewithfunders.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to maintain open navigation channels for ships, sediment buildup in waterways has to be scooped out periodically through a process known as dredging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68708\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68708\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/ideastream-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping activity on the Cuyahoga River. Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt come through the Port of Cleveland. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the Great Lakes states, 60 commercial ports rely on this practice. When dredged material is contaminated, it raises questions about how to dispose of it safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/aoc/cuyahoga/\">Cuyahoga River\u003c/a> in northeast Ohio -- known for catching fire in the 1960s -- relies on frequent \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/region2/water/dredge/\">dredging. \u003c/a> The standard practice has been to put the river muck in confined disposal facilities (\u003ca href=\"http://www.iadc-dredging.com/ul/cms/fck-uploaded/documents/PDF%20Facts%20About/facts-about-confined-disposal-facilities.pdf\">CDFs\u003c/a>). But now there’s a controversial new \u003ca href=\"http://wwwapp.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/401Applications/CHD2014/134292-Cuyahoga2014Dredge401application.pdf\">proposal\u003c/a> on the table to dump the dredged material into Lake Erie, a source of drinking water for more than 11 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year nearly 13 million tons of iron ore, limestone, cement, and salt are hauled into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.portofcleveland.com/\">Port of Cleveland\u003c/a> and unloaded. This commerce supports more than 17,000 jobs, all of which depend on the shipping channel remaining clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sediment naturally flows downstream with the current, and when it does it clogs things up. To keep the channel open, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil/\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a> removes enough sediment each year to fill a stadium (approximately 250,000 cubic yards).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is then what to do with the spoils, what to do with what you dredge up from the bottom. So we’ve constantly got this, not ‘Where’s Waldo?’ but ‘Where to Put Waldo?’” said Eric Fitch, an environmental science professor at Marietta College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, it’s been put in confined disposal facilities near the Erie shore. Now the Army Corps, the agency charged with maintaining the nation’s navigation channels, wants to dump it into the open lake instead. Fitch said this might be a reasonable plan, though he’d like to see some pilot testing first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-68714\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg\" alt=\"The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/March20.1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cleveland Lakefront. Photo by ideastream staff.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">Other Great Lakes harbors\u003c/a> already submerge their dredged material in fresh water. As much as 50 percent of dredged Great Lakes sediment is placed in the open lake, once it is determined to be largely free of contaminants. Some states, including Pennsylvania, Minnesota, and Wisconsin, have attempted to ban the practice due to concerns about lingering sediment contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some northeast Ohio residents, environmental groups, and politicians vocally oppose this idea of lake dumping and say it’s an ill-advised cost-cutting measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no idea at this point how it will contaminate the water process [or] what we’ll have to do to add additional chemicals and treatments,” said Cleveland council member Michael Polensek at a recent public hearing held by the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68706\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-68706\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/dredge0307-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Opponents testified against the Army Corps' plan to dump river dredgings into Lake Erie during a hearing held by the Ohio EPA. Photo by Anne Glausser.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Long-time resident George Havens also testified at the meeting. “I’ve been living in Cleveland for 89 years and drinking this water. I’d like to continue to drink it a little bit longer. Dumping anything into the lake is unscientific, unimaginative, uncivilized, and barbaric,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/greatlakes/sediments.html\">Great Lakes basin\u003c/a> has a long history of industrial pollution, and some of those pollutants, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/tsd/pcbs/about.htm\">PCBs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">PAHs\u003c/a>, heavy metals, DDT, and its metabolite DDE, persist in the buried sediment. Current urban and agricultural runoff also contributes to the problem. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/CivilWorks/PublicReview/ClevelandOpenLakeEA-FinalDraft.pdf\">Army Corps says according to their tests on the Cuyahoga River, the sediment in the proposed dredging location is not as contaminated\u003c/a> as it used to be. But they have faced pushback not only from citizens and NGOs but also from the Ohio EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day they need to meet the Ohio EPA water quality standards,” said Ohio EPA Northeast Office District Chief Kurt Princic, “and we don’t feel that’s being met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ohio EPA has to sign off on the Army Corps proposal before it can move forward. Princic says they’re concerned because the dredged material would be dumped close to the city’s drinking water intake valves. Fish toxicity is another concern. They also question the methods by which the Army Corps arrived at their conclusion that the sediment is safe enough to put in the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Asquith, dredging program manager for the Army Corps’s Buffalo District, said the sampling methods employed were appropriate for the situation. “All the material there is recent and storm-derived. It’s not a situation where you have legacy contamination over years of material being placed there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Akron geoscientist John Peck reviewed the Corps’s methodology, and is still on the fence about whether this is a good idea or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outstanding question for him was why didn’t they take samples from deeper down, where they would be dredging? “I just wonder, because you’ll vary the floods, you’ll vary the type of sediment, you’ll vary the contaminants, maybe one should just take a sediment core,” Peck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerns like this have environmental groups calling for the Ohio EPA to put the brakes on the plan and allow for further review of the science and a discussion of other disposal options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_68735\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 277px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-68735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/03/A-common-yellowthroat-at-Dike-14-in-Cleveland-Photo-by-Laura-Gooch-Flickr-277x253.jpg\" alt=\"A Common Yellowthroat perches on top of the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River.\" width=\"277\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Common Yellowthroat perches on shrubbery at the Dike 14 Nature Preserve in Cleveland, Ohio, which is made up of repurposed dredge from the Cuyahoga River. Photo by Laura Gooch / Flickr.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the Army Corps is required to deal with the material in the least expensive environmentally acceptable manner, there are other options for it. It could be stored more efficiently at the current confined disposal sites and eke out, by some estimates, another 20 years of storage. Or it could be \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/type/oceb/oceandumping/dredgedmaterial/upload/2004_08_20_oceans_regulatory_dumpdredged_framework_techframework.pdf\">remediated\u003c/a> and put to \u003ca href=\"http://glc.org/files/docs/2013BeneficialUse-online-FINAL.pdf\">beneficial use. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Green Bay, Wisconsin, uses dredged material to reconstruct a series of barrier islands, creating habitat for pelicans, cormorants, and other species. Grand Haven, Michigan, mixes their dredged material with composted municipal yard waste to create topsoil. Chicago has also experimented with reuse with their “Mud to Parks” project. At the Port of Duluth-Superior in Minnesota and Wisconsin, dredged material replaces fill dirt on construction sites, and it’s also used in asphalt production. And even Cleveland has a history of putting it to beneficial use: \u003ca href=\"http://ohiodnr.com/Coastal_Main_Menu/PublicAccess/CU_ClevLakefrontNaturePreserve_Dike14/tabid/22784/Default.aspx\">Dike 14 Nature Preserve\u003c/a> is made up of material dredged from the Cuyahoga in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decision is expected from Ohio EPA by the end of March as to whether material from the Cuyahoga River will be allowed in Lake Erie. Rejecting this proposal would send the Army Corps of Engineers back to the drawing board to find another place to put this season’s cache of muck.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/65631/dredging-up-a-problem",
"authors": [
"10270"
],
"categories": [
"quest_5",
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_12",
"quest_11766"
],
"tags": [
"quest_12760",
"quest_252",
"quest_12021",
"quest_688",
"quest_12757",
"quest_3541",
"quest_10167",
"quest_883",
"quest_12269",
"quest_10201",
"quest_1339",
"quest_10327",
"quest_12758",
"quest_12098",
"quest_12638",
"quest_2141",
"quest_9868",
"quest_2349",
"quest_3293",
"quest_10429",
"quest_2576",
"quest_12759",
"quest_12212"
],
"featImg": "quest_68713",
"label": "source_quest_65631"
},
"quest_67583": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_67583",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "67583",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1393858843000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1393858843,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "The Ski-cast: Is There Hope for the Slopes?",
"title": "The Ski-cast: Is There Hope for the Slopes?",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The first time I struck out on skis was at Butternut Mountain, a beginner-friendly ski resort that’s been around since 1963 in Massachusetts’ Berkshire range. On that sunny but brisk February day, the bunny hill was brimming with wobbly novices like me -- a veritable sea of flailing poles and legs gone wild. I can still remember a particularly exhilarating run in which I managed to knock over a small child before landing on my side in a pile of snow that was clearly intended to stop people like me from careening into an adjacent parking lot. That was the day I literally and figuratively fell for skiing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every winter thousands of people fall for skiing and snowboarding at places like Butternut, places with gentle slopes where even future Olympians first begin building their confidence and ability. But, unfortunately, it’s at these small, snowy havens where we often get our start where the fun may soon be coming to an end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517712001367\">a study\u003c/a> out of Canada’s University of Ottawa about the impact of climate change on regional ski areas, none of the 17 winter resorts in Massachusetts and Connecticut will be able to sustain a viable skiing season as soon as 2039 as a result of reduced snowfall. Meanwhile, many of the slopes in neighboring Vermont are expected to fare better. The main reason for the differing predictions? Altitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may seem obvious that temperatures would remain colder at higher elevations, what we don’t know is when these more vulnerable ski spots will no longer be able to survive the financial toll of changing climate conditions. After crunching the data for 103 northeast resorts, with help from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc-data.org/\">IPCC climate models\u003c/a>, the researchers concluded that in the next 15 years the number of “skiable” days at many areas could fall to fewer than 100. While season lengths vary depending on a resort’s size and capacity, the 100-day rule has long been a general benchmark of economic viability for any ski hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the biggest factors impacting these smaller ski areas is that the season will also become shorter as the warming trend continues,” said Jackie Dawson, one of the report’s authors. “Snow won’t really start falling until after the December holidays, and that’s when these resorts usually make 35 percent of their total revenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-Snowmaking-on-Aspen-Mtn.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67868 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-Snowmaking-on-Aspen-Mtn-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Colorado's Aspen Mountain. Image by Brent Gardner-Smith/Aspen Journalism\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machine-made snow is blasted on Colorado's Aspen Mountain. Image by Brent Gardner-Smith/\u003ca href=\"http://aspenjournalism.org/\">Aspen Journalism\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although Dawson’s report focused on Northeast ski resorts, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/winter-olympics-downhill-forecast-1.14639\">recent article in the journal \u003cstrong>Nature\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> also highlighted predictions for other ski destinations whose future remains “climatically unreliable,” with milder winters threatening to render obsolete even former Olympic ski areas like those in and around Salt Lake City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cstrong>Nature\u003c/strong> article also cited another prediction that “by 2030 the rising snowline at Colorado’s world famous Aspen resort will be near the base of the chairlifts,” and snow may only cover the summit by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if you live in the Northeast you are probably scratching your head and wondering how these projections could possibly be true after being hammered by snow in 2014. “A lot of people are under the false impression that climate change will only result in warmer temperatures,” Dawson reminded me. “The reality is that we will experience more extreme weather events and increased variability. This means we will not only see warmer temperatures but also increased events of extreme precipitation during short periods of time and more extreme cold temperatures for short periods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although machine-made snow can help make up for lost precipitation, Dawson pointed out that snowmaking still requires cold temperatures and works best with a base layer of real snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowmaking is also a costly and resource-intensive endeavor. Comprised of the same ingredients as real snow, machine-made snow is created by forcing pressurized air and water through the nozzle of a snow gun and blasting it onto the mountain. A consistent and powerful source of energy is required to run the snow machines, and the process requires vast amounts of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.snowmakers.com/snowmaking-basic.html\">SMI Snow Makers\u003c/a>, the company that saved the day by making snow for the 2014 Winter Olympics, it takes 82,000 gallons of water (enough to fill about 11 tanker trucks) to create a six-inch layer of snow covering a 200-by-200-foot area. To cover a medium-sized ski slope, some 1.5 million gallons of water are required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the main Olympic skiing venue near Sochi, two man-made lakes were constructed from which water could be drawn to make snow. More typically, water is siphoned from local rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. Although some water returns after the snow melts, moving it around can disturb ecosystems, impacting the health of aquatic plants and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67954\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 254px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/family_windturbine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-67954 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/family_windturbine-254x360.jpg\" alt=\"lmage by Rob Boss/Courtesy of Jiminy Peak Mountain Resort\" width=\"254\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jiminy Creek's 1.5MW wind turbine provides about 33% of the resort's electrical demands annually. lmage by Rob Boss/Courtesy of Jiminy Peak Mountain Resort\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And when the weather is balmy and water is scarce, as it has been in California this winter, snowmaking becomes difficult for some. Without the physical and financial resources to keep their snow machines humming, the owners of the small but popular Donner Ski Ranch in California’s Lake Tahoe ski area were unable to open their slopes for business until March 1 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dawson believes there is hope for these slopes, and her study even offers suggestions to ski resort managers about how to deal with climate change. She pointed with optimism to Jiminy Peak Mountain Resort, a Massachusetts ski area where \u003ca href=\"http://www.jiminypeak.com/green-jiminy\">energy-efficient technologies\u003c/a>, such as an on-site wind turbine, will help them prepare for the increasing need to make snow. The resort has also found other ways to market themselves as hiking and mountain biking destinations in non-winter months, as have many other ski areas across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all about adaptation -- that’s how these places will survive,” said Dawson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, although these ski resorts won’t be turning into water parks just yet, the next generation of skiers will likely be taking their first steps -- and falls -- on higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with the increasing costs of making snow, their lift tickets won’t be getting any cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "67583 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=67583",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/03/03/the-ski-cast-is-there-hope-for-the-slopes/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1096,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1442700681,
"excerpt": "Despite predictions that many ski resorts in New England and around the nation may no longer be economically viable in just 15 years, researchers point to adaptation as the key to staying the course.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Despite predictions that many ski resorts in New England and around the nation may no longer be economically viable in just 15 years, researchers point to adaptation as the key to staying the course.",
"title": "The Ski-cast: Is There Hope for the Slopes? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Ski-cast: Is There Hope for the Slopes?",
"datePublished": "2014-03-03T07:00:43-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-19T15:11:21-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-ski-cast-is-there-hope-for-the-slopes",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/67583/the-ski-cast-is-there-hope-for-the-slopes",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first time I struck out on skis was at Butternut Mountain, a beginner-friendly ski resort that’s been around since 1963 in Massachusetts’ Berkshire range. On that sunny but brisk February day, the bunny hill was brimming with wobbly novices like me -- a veritable sea of flailing poles and legs gone wild. I can still remember a particularly exhilarating run in which I managed to knock over a small child before landing on my side in a pile of snow that was clearly intended to stop people like me from careening into an adjacent parking lot. That was the day I literally and figuratively fell for skiing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every winter thousands of people fall for skiing and snowboarding at places like Butternut, places with gentle slopes where even future Olympians first begin building their confidence and ability. But, unfortunately, it’s at these small, snowy havens where we often get our start where the fun may soon be coming to an end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517712001367\">a study\u003c/a> out of Canada’s University of Ottawa about the impact of climate change on regional ski areas, none of the 17 winter resorts in Massachusetts and Connecticut will be able to sustain a viable skiing season as soon as 2039 as a result of reduced snowfall. Meanwhile, many of the slopes in neighboring Vermont are expected to fare better. The main reason for the differing predictions? Altitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may seem obvious that temperatures would remain colder at higher elevations, what we don’t know is when these more vulnerable ski spots will no longer be able to survive the financial toll of changing climate conditions. After crunching the data for 103 northeast resorts, with help from \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc-data.org/\">IPCC climate models\u003c/a>, the researchers concluded that in the next 15 years the number of “skiable” days at many areas could fall to fewer than 100. While season lengths vary depending on a resort’s size and capacity, the 100-day rule has long been a general benchmark of economic viability for any ski hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the biggest factors impacting these smaller ski areas is that the season will also become shorter as the warming trend continues,” said Jackie Dawson, one of the report’s authors. “Snow won’t really start falling until after the December holidays, and that’s when these resorts usually make 35 percent of their total revenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-Snowmaking-on-Aspen-Mtn.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67868 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/SKI-Snowmaking-on-Aspen-Mtn-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Colorado's Aspen Mountain. Image by Brent Gardner-Smith/Aspen Journalism\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machine-made snow is blasted on Colorado's Aspen Mountain. Image by Brent Gardner-Smith/\u003ca href=\"http://aspenjournalism.org/\">Aspen Journalism\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although Dawson’s report focused on Northeast ski resorts, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/winter-olympics-downhill-forecast-1.14639\">recent article in the journal \u003cstrong>Nature\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> also highlighted predictions for other ski destinations whose future remains “climatically unreliable,” with milder winters threatening to render obsolete even former Olympic ski areas like those in and around Salt Lake City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cstrong>Nature\u003c/strong> article also cited another prediction that “by 2030 the rising snowline at Colorado’s world famous Aspen resort will be near the base of the chairlifts,” and snow may only cover the summit by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, if you live in the Northeast you are probably scratching your head and wondering how these projections could possibly be true after being hammered by snow in 2014. “A lot of people are under the false impression that climate change will only result in warmer temperatures,” Dawson reminded me. “The reality is that we will experience more extreme weather events and increased variability. This means we will not only see warmer temperatures but also increased events of extreme precipitation during short periods of time and more extreme cold temperatures for short periods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although machine-made snow can help make up for lost precipitation, Dawson pointed out that snowmaking still requires cold temperatures and works best with a base layer of real snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowmaking is also a costly and resource-intensive endeavor. Comprised of the same ingredients as real snow, machine-made snow is created by forcing pressurized air and water through the nozzle of a snow gun and blasting it onto the mountain. A consistent and powerful source of energy is required to run the snow machines, and the process requires vast amounts of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.snowmakers.com/snowmaking-basic.html\">SMI Snow Makers\u003c/a>, the company that saved the day by making snow for the 2014 Winter Olympics, it takes 82,000 gallons of water (enough to fill about 11 tanker trucks) to create a six-inch layer of snow covering a 200-by-200-foot area. To cover a medium-sized ski slope, some 1.5 million gallons of water are required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the main Olympic skiing venue near Sochi, two man-made lakes were constructed from which water could be drawn to make snow. More typically, water is siphoned from local rivers, lakes and underground aquifers. Although some water returns after the snow melts, moving it around can disturb ecosystems, impacting the health of aquatic plants and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67954\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 254px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/family_windturbine.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-67954 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/02/family_windturbine-254x360.jpg\" alt=\"lmage by Rob Boss/Courtesy of Jiminy Peak Mountain Resort\" width=\"254\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jiminy Creek's 1.5MW wind turbine provides about 33% of the resort's electrical demands annually. lmage by Rob Boss/Courtesy of Jiminy Peak Mountain Resort\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And when the weather is balmy and water is scarce, as it has been in California this winter, snowmaking becomes difficult for some. Without the physical and financial resources to keep their snow machines humming, the owners of the small but popular Donner Ski Ranch in California’s Lake Tahoe ski area were unable to open their slopes for business until March 1 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dawson believes there is hope for these slopes, and her study even offers suggestions to ski resort managers about how to deal with climate change. She pointed with optimism to Jiminy Peak Mountain Resort, a Massachusetts ski area where \u003ca href=\"http://www.jiminypeak.com/green-jiminy\">energy-efficient technologies\u003c/a>, such as an on-site wind turbine, will help them prepare for the increasing need to make snow. The resort has also found other ways to market themselves as hiking and mountain biking destinations in non-winter months, as have many other ski areas across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all about adaptation -- that’s how these places will survive,” said Dawson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, although these ski resorts won’t be turning into water parks just yet, the next generation of skiers will likely be taking their first steps -- and falls -- on higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with the increasing costs of making snow, their lift tickets won’t be getting any cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/67583/the-ski-cast-is-there-hope-for-the-slopes",
"authors": [
"5412"
],
"categories": [
"quest_6",
"quest_8"
],
"tags": [
"quest_12676",
"quest_621",
"quest_12662",
"quest_12269",
"quest_12663",
"quest_12677",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2349",
"quest_2643",
"quest_12659",
"quest_12675",
"quest_12660"
],
"featImg": "quest_67911",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_63142": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_63142",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "63142",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1392908422000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1392908422,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline",
"title": "Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On Bainbridge Island, Washington, a transformation is occurring: 7.5 acres of shoreline previously starved of natural vegetation and organisms has begun to recover. Salt marsh vegetation is returning, juvenile salmon can safely swim along the banks, and the shore is reshaping itself into a gentle slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This environmental success story hung on one family’s decision to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel family has cared for this land for nearly five decades. In 1993, they signed a conservation easement with the \u003ca href=\"http://bi-landtrust.org/\">Bainbridge Island Land Trust\u003c/a> (BILT) for the land to be conserved regardless of the land owner. So when the family noticed their crumbling shoreline walls, they turned to BILT for an answer. After a careful study, the property was determined to be at a low risk for erosion and the family was encouraged to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"67102,66547,66552,66551,66550,66540,66539,66544,66543,66542,66541,66546,66545,66549,66548\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time in nearly 60 years, the Powel property has marine and terrestrial environments converging again. This project offers hope for the survival of intertidal coastline habitat being lost in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pugetsound/species/salmon.html\">Puget Sound\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/whats_damaging_marshes_on_us_coast_and_why_it_matters/2604/\">around the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical that this is happening now,” says Jim Brennan, a marine biologist from Bainbridge Island who has worked on the Powel Project for three years. “This is very important habitat for salmon and many other fishes and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the walls will \u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004409777_growth_shorelines15m1.html\">greatly expand shallow water and salt marsh areas\u003c/a>, creating refuge and migration corridors. When walls are replaced with gently sloped native vegetation, more of the insects important to juvenile Chinook salmon will become readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67148 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Feature image 02\" width=\"363\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Brennan holds up images of shoreline walls around the Powel property on Bainbridge Island. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plants create shade for the intertidal habitat,” says Brennan, “They help stabilize beaches and banks, moderate erosion, sedimentation, and contaminants. They produce insects that we now know juvenile salmon, particularly Chinook, eat. So vegetation is an important function for recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists and volunteers have replanted along the Powel property with pickelweed and salt grass that are adapted to the extreme conditions of a salt marsh ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel project aligns with Washington State’s salmon and shoreline restoration goals, overseen by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.psp.wa.gov/\">Puget Sound Partnership\u003c/a>, and was partially supported by grant funds through the state’s Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Fund. Martha Kongsgaard, chair of the Partnership, believes the Powel Project sets the gold standard for shoreline recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of a model shows what can happen when people listen to each other, get out of their desks, and come on site,” says Kongsgaard. “My hope is this project is one of a string of great stories that we can cobble together around the Puget Sound that’s going to add up to a full recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67188 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\" alt=\"Brenda giving tour\" width=\"335\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg 1146w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-400x373.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-800x746.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-960x895.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brenda Padgham gives a tour of the Powel Project. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, some private land owners raise concerns about the erosion of beaches and how removal of their shoreline walls would impact their property. Brenda Padgham, stewardship director for BILT and project manager for the Powel Project, wants these land owners to know that they have options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A restored shoreline could be a more resilient shoreline,” says Padgham. “Restored shorelines may not need to be maintained with heavy construction equipment and big checks written by landowners every 10 to 20 years. This project helps private land owners know that there are more options out there than the traditional ways of ‘protecting’ their property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2013/07/18/the-best-protection-against-storms-nature-herself/\">a shoreline wall may not be necessary for all\u003c/a> land owners, and the removal of shoreline walls could save them money in the future while improving habitat conditions. Padgham and Brennan hope the Powel family’s decision can be an inspiration to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can take incremental steps, neighbor by neighbor, then I think people will start to feel more open to a dialogue [about restoration] without feeling a loss to their property rights,” says Padgham. This is an example for others to look to on how people can live along their shoreline in a way that can contribute to the overall goal of recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "63142 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63142",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/02/20/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 737,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": true,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1442702176,
"excerpt": "How one family’s decision to remove their waterfront wall has sparked the recovery of coastal ecosystems on a popular Washington island.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "How one family’s decision to remove their waterfront wall has sparked the recovery of coastal ecosystems on a popular Washington island.",
"title": "Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Landowners Make Way for More Shoreline",
"datePublished": "2014-02-20T07:00:22-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-19T15:36:16-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"videoEmbed": "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWnr6XaRCho",
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/quest/63142/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Bainbridge Island, Washington, a transformation is occurring: 7.5 acres of shoreline previously starved of natural vegetation and organisms has begun to recover. Salt marsh vegetation is returning, juvenile salmon can safely swim along the banks, and the shore is reshaping itself into a gentle slope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This environmental success story hung on one family’s decision to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel family has cared for this land for nearly five decades. In 1993, they signed a conservation easement with the \u003ca href=\"http://bi-landtrust.org/\">Bainbridge Island Land Trust\u003c/a> (BILT) for the land to be conserved regardless of the land owner. So when the family noticed their crumbling shoreline walls, they turned to BILT for an answer. After a careful study, the property was determined to be at a low risk for erosion and the family was encouraged to remove their shoreline walls rather than replace them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "gallery",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"type": "slideshow",
"link": "file",
"ids": "67102,66547,66552,66551,66550,66540,66539,66544,66543,66542,66541,66546,66545,66549,66548",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, for the first time in nearly 60 years, the Powel property has marine and terrestrial environments converging again. This project offers hope for the survival of intertidal coastline habitat being lost in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/pugetsound/species/salmon.html\">Puget Sound\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://e360.yale.edu/feature/whats_damaging_marshes_on_us_coast_and_why_it_matters/2604/\">around the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical that this is happening now,” says Jim Brennan, a marine biologist from Bainbridge Island who has worked on the Powel Project for three years. “This is very important habitat for salmon and many other fishes and wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Removing the walls will \u003ca href=\"http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2004409777_growth_shorelines15m1.html\">greatly expand shallow water and salt marsh areas\u003c/a>, creating refuge and migration corridors. When walls are replaced with gently sloped native vegetation, more of the insects important to juvenile Chinook salmon will become readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67148\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 363px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-67148 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg\" alt=\"Jim Feature image 02\" width=\"363\" height=\"204\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Jim-Feature-image-02-e1392070535541-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 363px) 100vw, 363px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jim Brennan holds up images of shoreline walls around the Powel property on Bainbridge Island. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Plants create shade for the intertidal habitat,” says Brennan, “They help stabilize beaches and banks, moderate erosion, sedimentation, and contaminants. They produce insects that we now know juvenile salmon, particularly Chinook, eat. So vegetation is an important function for recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists and volunteers have replanted along the Powel property with pickelweed and salt grass that are adapted to the extreme conditions of a salt marsh ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Powel project aligns with Washington State’s salmon and shoreline restoration goals, overseen by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.psp.wa.gov/\">Puget Sound Partnership\u003c/a>, and was partially supported by grant funds through the state’s Puget Sound Acquisition and Restoration Fund. Martha Kongsgaard, chair of the Partnership, believes the Powel Project sets the gold standard for shoreline recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of a model shows what can happen when people listen to each other, get out of their desks, and come on site,” says Kongsgaard. “My hope is this project is one of a string of great stories that we can cobble together around the Puget Sound that’s going to add up to a full recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_67188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 335px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-67188 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg\" alt=\"Brenda giving tour\" width=\"335\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898.jpg 1146w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-400x373.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-800x746.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Brenda-giving-tour-e1392142507898-960x895.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brenda Padgham gives a tour of the Powel Project. Photo by Katie Jennings\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, some private land owners raise concerns about the erosion of beaches and how removal of their shoreline walls would impact their property. Brenda Padgham, stewardship director for BILT and project manager for the Powel Project, wants these land owners to know that they have options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A restored shoreline could be a more resilient shoreline,” says Padgham. “Restored shorelines may not need to be maintained with heavy construction equipment and big checks written by landowners every 10 to 20 years. This project helps private land owners know that there are more options out there than the traditional ways of ‘protecting’ their property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/plugged-in/2013/07/18/the-best-protection-against-storms-nature-herself/\">a shoreline wall may not be necessary for all\u003c/a> land owners, and the removal of shoreline walls could save them money in the future while improving habitat conditions. Padgham and Brennan hope the Powel family’s decision can be an inspiration to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can take incremental steps, neighbor by neighbor, then I think people will start to feel more open to a dialogue [about restoration] without feeling a loss to their property rights,” says Padgham. This is an example for others to look to on how people can live along their shoreline in a way that can contribute to the overall goal of recovery.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/63142/landowners-make-way-for-more-shoreline",
"authors": [
"10471"
],
"categories": [
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_11766"
],
"tags": [
"quest_68",
"quest_12556",
"quest_12619",
"quest_326",
"quest_12617",
"quest_621",
"quest_12621",
"quest_11940",
"quest_12505",
"quest_11003",
"quest_12269",
"quest_1293",
"quest_12618",
"quest_12620",
"quest_12146",
"quest_2477",
"quest_2623",
"quest_3071"
],
"featImg": "quest_67148",
"label": "source_quest_63142"
},
"quest_63103": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_63103",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "63103",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1390489217000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1390489217,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?",
"title": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Every year about 85 million gallons of a toxic waste that is known to promote cancer is carefully painted across about 170 square miles of American cities and suburbs, a swath as big as the city of New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As incredible as that may sound, that’s the conclusion squarely presented by a growing body of research that looks at a gooey black \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)\">pitch\u003c/a> made from a substance known as coal tar. It’s a kind of creosote, the stuff used to weatherproof telephone poles and railroad ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the two main ways Americans use to “seal” asphalt parking lots and driveways. It makes the asphalt look blacker and is intended to keep the pavement from wearing away so fast. Researchers are most interested in a class of chemicals contained in asphalt sealers known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a>,” or PAHs. And coal tar-based sealers are dangerous enough in the opinion of some local and state governments that they have been banned. In 2011 Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/content/washington-is-first-state-in-nation-to-ban-toxic-pavement-sealants\">became the first state to forbid\u003c/a> the use of this kind of sealant, followed by Minnesota \u003ca href=\"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=116.202\"> last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65749 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg\" alt=\"Man spraying\" width=\"393\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg 1135w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-400x389.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-800x779.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-960x935.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Man 'seals' pavement with spray. Photo courtesy of USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever walked by a parking lot or driveway that’s recently been sealed with coal tar, your nose most likely told you so. The “aromatic” part of PAHs means that you can smell the chemicals emanating from the recently sealed pavement , especially when it bakes in the sun. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101200057X\">Recent research\u003c/a> shows that large and potentially dangerous amounts of these harmful chemicals are released into the air in the days, weeks, and even months after the pavement is sealed – more, in fact, than what is put out by all the cars in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also looked at what happens to the toxic coal tar sealants after they have sat on the asphalt for a few months or years and start to peel off in tiny bits. Car tires, rain, foot traffic, snowplows, and the freeze/thaw cycle all cause tiny bits of the sealant to “abrade,” as scientists say. Little bits of the black stuff flake off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902533r\">Research shows\u003c/a> some of it gets tracked off the parking lots and driveways and into people’s homes. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that the most dangerous coal tar component , a PAH chemical called benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene, was in driveway dust at two suburban single-family homes at thousands of times the level that would trigger a cleanup at a toxic-waste site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has no standard for benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene in house dust, but Germany does: an official guideline of 10 parts of the chemical for every 1 million parts of dust. In the USGS’s tests of apartments near parking lots sealed with coal tar, more than one-third of the apartments showed levels of the toxic chemical exceeding that standard. House dust levels were much lower in apartments located next to parking lots coated with other kinds of sealants, which are based on asphalt and contain thousands of times less PAHs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-66042 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"Converse shoe\" width=\"398\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/werewolvesbaby/2863909864/\">brittany fucci\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es303371t\">Further research\u003c/a> revealed that growing up with toxic dust from a coal tar-sealed parking lot next door could cause a child to face a 38-fold increase in lifetime cancer risk. It’s especially toxic to kids under age 6. The levels measured exceed those the EPA considers worthy of cleanup at toxic waste sites, because they are likely to cause cancer in more than 1 person out of every 1,000 people exposed, researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have shown that the runoff from the coal tar-sealed lots harms critters in freshwater streams where it ends up, affecting their development and reproduction and reducing the populations and the number of species able to live in affected streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing body of research around asphalt sealants was \u003ca href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/parking%20lot%20sealants.pdf\">pioneered by\u003c/a> Barbara Mahler and Peter van Metre, a husband-and-wife team of researchers for the USGS in Austin, Texas. Many other researchers from more than a dozen other governments and universities also investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sealant industry questioned their findings. In reaction to the work by these government and university researchers, the trade group of asphalt sealers, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/\">Pavement Coatings Technology Council\u003c/a>, has sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/scientific-journals\">its own body of research\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/pavementcouncil/PAH%20volatilization%20critique.pdf\">One industry-sponsored critique\u003c/a> went after the USGS researchers, saying,in general, that in their work, “effects have been exaggerated and uncertainties have been minimized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/walking-the-line/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-66066\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66066 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg\" alt=\"Walking the line\" width=\"419\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg 1539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelinawb/1085267480/\">Angelina 🙂\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PAHs are produced by many sources, the industry pointed out. Any \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter\">organic matter\u003c/a> that is burned – gasoline, for example – puts out PAHs. But the USGS team and its collaborators said the chemical “fingerprint” they are finding in, for example, sediments at the bottom of lakes near coal tar-sealed pavement, looks very similar to the PAH “fingerprint” in sealants made with coal tar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only two states have banned coal tar sealants, \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/p/bans.html\">more than 40 local and state governments\u003c/a> forbid application of the coal tar-based sealants, according to the blog \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/\">coaltarfreeamerica.com\u003c/a>, which tracks the bans and is crusading to have the sealants outlawed nationwide. Some of the first local governments to ban the coal tar sealants were Austin, TX, Washington, DC, and Madison, WI, and surrounding Dane County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent webinar for researchers and others interested the topic, Mahler, the USGS researcher, reviewed the findings to date. Other scientists on the call suggested further work, such as looking into how the sealants are affecting creatures in salt water, and analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope\">isotopes\u003c/a> of the chemicals involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahler agreed, telling the other researchers, “There’s a lot of really fruitful areas for research that have to do with this subject.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "63103 http://science.kqed.org/quest/?p=63103",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 983,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1443823502,
"excerpt": "Parking lots coated with coal tar, a gooey black waste product of steel manufacturing, shed the coatings at a high rate. This toxic residue is showing up in dust on nearby apartment surfaces.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Parking lots coated with coal tar, a gooey black waste product of steel manufacturing, shed the coatings at a high rate. This toxic residue is showing up in dust on nearby apartment surfaces.",
"title": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Could your driveway be poisoning your kids?",
"datePublished": "2014-01-23T07:00:17-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-02T15:05:02-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/63103/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year about 85 million gallons of a toxic waste that is known to promote cancer is carefully painted across about 170 square miles of American cities and suburbs, a swath as big as the city of New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As incredible as that may sound, that’s the conclusion squarely presented by a growing body of research that looks at a gooey black \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitch_(resin)\">pitch\u003c/a> made from a substance known as coal tar. It’s a kind of creosote, the stuff used to weatherproof telephone poles and railroad ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also one of the two main ways Americans use to “seal” asphalt parking lots and driveways. It makes the asphalt look blacker and is intended to keep the pavement from wearing away so fast. Researchers are most interested in a class of chemicals contained in asphalt sealers known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/osw/hazard/wastemin/minimize/factshts/pahs.pdf\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a>,” or PAHs. And coal tar-based sealers are dangerous enough in the opinion of some local and state governments that they have been banned. In 2011 Washington \u003ca href=\"http://www.invw.org/content/washington-is-first-state-in-nation-to-ban-toxic-pavement-sealants\">became the first state to forbid\u003c/a> the use of this kind of sealant, followed by Minnesota \u003ca href=\"https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/?id=116.202\"> last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-65749 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg\" alt=\"Man spraying\" width=\"393\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776.jpg 1135w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-400x389.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-800x779.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-960x935.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/10/Man-spraying-e1389131931776-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Man 'seals' pavement with spray. Photo courtesy of USGS.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you’ve ever walked by a parking lot or driveway that’s recently been sealed with coal tar, your nose most likely told you so. The “aromatic” part of PAHs means that you can smell the chemicals emanating from the recently sealed pavement , especially when it bakes in the sun. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135223101200057X\">Recent research\u003c/a> shows that large and potentially dangerous amounts of these harmful chemicals are released into the air in the days, weeks, and even months after the pavement is sealed – more, in fact, than what is put out by all the cars in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists also looked at what happens to the toxic coal tar sealants after they have sat on the asphalt for a few months or years and start to peel off in tiny bits. Car tires, rain, foot traffic, snowplows, and the freeze/thaw cycle all cause tiny bits of the sealant to “abrade,” as scientists say. Little bits of the black stuff flake off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es902533r\">Research shows\u003c/a> some of it gets tracked off the parking lots and driveways and into people’s homes. Scientists at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) found that the most dangerous coal tar component , a PAH chemical called benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene, was in driveway dust at two suburban single-family homes at thousands of times the level that would trigger a cleanup at a toxic-waste site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States has no standard for benzo[\u003cem>a\u003c/em>]pyrene in house dust, but Germany does: an official guideline of 10 parts of the chemical for every 1 million parts of dust. In the USGS’s tests of apartments near parking lots sealed with coal tar, more than one-third of the apartments showed levels of the toxic chemical exceeding that standard. House dust levels were much lower in apartments located next to parking lots coated with other kinds of sealants, which are based on asphalt and contain thousands of times less PAHs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66042\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-66042 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg\" alt=\"Converse shoe\" width=\"398\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Converse-shoe-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/werewolvesbaby/2863909864/\">brittany fucci\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es303371t\">Further research\u003c/a> revealed that growing up with toxic dust from a coal tar-sealed parking lot next door could cause a child to face a 38-fold increase in lifetime cancer risk. It’s especially toxic to kids under age 6. The levels measured exceed those the EPA considers worthy of cleanup at toxic waste sites, because they are likely to cause cancer in more than 1 person out of every 1,000 people exposed, researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have shown that the runoff from the coal tar-sealed lots harms critters in freshwater streams where it ends up, affecting their development and reproduction and reducing the populations and the number of species able to live in affected streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing body of research around asphalt sealants was \u003ca href=\"http://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/parking%20lot%20sealants.pdf\">pioneered by\u003c/a> Barbara Mahler and Peter van Metre, a husband-and-wife team of researchers for the USGS in Austin, Texas. Many other researchers from more than a dozen other governments and universities also investigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sealant industry questioned their findings. In reaction to the work by these government and university researchers, the trade group of asphalt sealers, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/\">Pavement Coatings Technology Council\u003c/a>, has sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/scientific-journals\">its own body of research\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pavementcouncil.org/pavementcouncil/PAH%20volatilization%20critique.pdf\">One industry-sponsored critique\u003c/a> went after the USGS researchers, saying,in general, that in their work, “effects have been exaggerated and uncertainties have been minimized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_66066\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 419px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2014/01/23/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids/walking-the-line/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-66066\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-66066 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg\" alt=\"Walking the line\" width=\"419\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line.jpg 1539w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1440x957.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2014/01/Walking-the-line-960x638.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelinawb/1085267480/\">Angelina 🙂\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PAHs are produced by many sources, the industry pointed out. Any \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_matter\">organic matter\u003c/a> that is burned – gasoline, for example – puts out PAHs. But the USGS team and its collaborators said the chemical “fingerprint” they are finding in, for example, sediments at the bottom of lakes near coal tar-sealed pavement, looks very similar to the PAH “fingerprint” in sealants made with coal tar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although only two states have banned coal tar sealants, \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/p/bans.html\">more than 40 local and state governments\u003c/a> forbid application of the coal tar-based sealants, according to the blog \u003ca href=\"http://coaltarfreeamerica.blogspot.com/\">coaltarfreeamerica.com\u003c/a>, which tracks the bans and is crusading to have the sealants outlawed nationwide. Some of the first local governments to ban the coal tar sealants were Austin, TX, Washington, DC, and Madison, WI, and surrounding Dane County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent webinar for researchers and others interested the topic, Mahler, the USGS researcher, reviewed the findings to date. Other scientists on the call suggested further work, such as looking into how the sealants are affecting creatures in salt water, and analysis of \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope\">isotopes\u003c/a> of the chemicals involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahler agreed, telling the other researchers, “There’s a lot of really fruitful areas for research that have to do with this subject.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/63103/could-your-driveway-be-poisoning-your-kids",
"authors": [
"10505"
],
"categories": [
"quest_5",
"quest_8",
"quest_9",
"quest_12"
],
"tags": [
"quest_12556",
"quest_475",
"quest_530",
"quest_12555",
"quest_12558",
"quest_12557",
"quest_12269",
"quest_12386",
"quest_12684",
"quest_12683",
"quest_12146",
"quest_12682",
"quest_13365"
],
"featImg": "quest_65744",
"label": "quest"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/quest?category=engineering": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 60,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 581,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"quest_68329",
"quest_52167",
"quest_67581",
"quest_67209",
"quest_69075",
"quest_61576",
"quest_58920",
"quest_67857",
"quest_65631",
"quest_67583",
"quest_63142",
"quest_63103"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest_category_engineering": {
"isLoading": true
},
"quest_8": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_8",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "8",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/engineering"
},
"source_quest_68329": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_68329",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Energy",
"link": "http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/energy/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_52167": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_52167",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_67581": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_67581",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Biology",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_67209": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_67209",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Engineering",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_69075": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_69075",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Engineering",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/engineering/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_61576": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_61576",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Biology",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_67857": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_67857",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_65631": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_65631",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"link": "http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_quest_63142": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_63142",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/environment/",
"isLoading": false
},
"quest_11765": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11765",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11765",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11799,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/energy"
},
"quest_9": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/environment"
},
"quest_85": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_85",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "85",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "agriculture",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "agriculture Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 86,
"slug": "agriculture",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/agriculture"
},
"quest_116": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_116",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "116",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "algae",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "algae Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "algae",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/algae"
},
"quest_328": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_328",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "328",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "biofuel",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "biofuel Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 330,
"slug": "biofuel",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/biofuel"
},
"quest_12871": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12871",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12871",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "child labor",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "child labor Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13037,
"slug": "child-labor",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/child-labor"
},
"quest_12700": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12700",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12700",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crop modification",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crop modification Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12862,
"slug": "crop-modification",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/crop-modification"
},
"quest_12502": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12502",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12502",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fuel",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fuel Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12656,
"slug": "fuel",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fuel"
},
"quest_12269": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12269",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12269",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "full-image",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "full-image Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12407,
"slug": "full-image",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/full-image"
},
"quest_9950": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9950",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9950",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetic engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetic engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9980,
"slug": "genetic-engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/genetic-engineering"
},
"quest_1626": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1626",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1626",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
"description": "http://www.lbl.gov/",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "http://www.lbl.gov/",
"title": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3338,
"slug": "lawrence-berkeley-national-laboratory",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/lawrence-berkeley-national-laboratory"
},
"quest_12870": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12870",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12870",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Philip Morris",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Philip Morris Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13036,
"slug": "philip-morris",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/philip-morris"
},
"quest_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1594,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_2409": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2409",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2409",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "renewable energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "renewable energy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2425,
"slug": "renewable-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/renewable-energy"
},
"quest_12868": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12868",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12868",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "the university of California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "the university of California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13034,
"slug": "the-university-of-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/the-university-of-california"
},
"quest_12869": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12869",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12869",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "the university of Kentucky",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "the university of Kentucky Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13035,
"slug": "the-university-of-kentucky",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/the-university-of-kentucky"
},
"quest_10239": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10239",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10239",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tobacco",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tobacco Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10272,
"slug": "tobacco",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tobacco"
},
"quest_10240": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10240",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10240",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tobacco industry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tobacco industry Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10273,
"slug": "tobacco-industry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tobacco-industry"
},
"quest_5": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_5",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "5",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/chemistry"
},
"quest_3422": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3422",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3422",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Television",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Television Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3448,
"slug": "television",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/television"
},
"quest_3233": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3233",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3233",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Video",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Video Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3252,
"slug": "video",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/video"
},
"quest_11766": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11766",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11766",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11800,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/water"
},
"quest_12141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Abandoned Mines",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Abandoned Mines Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12271,
"slug": "abandoned-mines",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/abandoned-mines"
},
"quest_216": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_216",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "216",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "art",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "art Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 217,
"slug": "art",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/art"
},
"quest_12143": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12143",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12143",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Athens",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Athens Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12273,
"slug": "athens",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/athens"
},
"quest_638": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_638",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "638",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coal",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coal Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 643,
"slug": "coal",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/coal"
},
"quest_10327": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10327",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10327",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ideastream",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ideastream Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10360,
"slug": "ideastream",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ideastream"
},
"quest_12142": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12142",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12142",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "John Sabraw",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "John Sabraw Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12272,
"slug": "john-sabraw",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/john-sabraw"
},
"quest_12140": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12140",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12140",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Paint",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Paint Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12270,
"slug": "paint",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/paint"
},
"quest_2141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pbs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pbs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2155,
"slug": "pbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pbs"
},
"quest_2349": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2349",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2349",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2364,
"slug": "quest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest"
},
"quest_10429": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10429",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10429",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "quest ohio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "quest ohio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10462,
"slug": "quest-ohio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-ohio"
},
"quest_11409": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11409",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11409",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "streams",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "streams Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11442,
"slug": "streams",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/streams"
},
"quest_2893": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2893",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2893",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "television",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "television Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2909,
"slug": "quest-television",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-television"
},
"quest_3071": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3071",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3071",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "video",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "video Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3088,
"slug": "tag-video",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-video"
},
"quest_4": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_4",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "4",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/biology"
},
"quest_6": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_6",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "6",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 7,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/climate"
},
"quest_3229": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3229",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3229",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3248,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/food"
},
"quest_326": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_326",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "326",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "biodiversity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "biodiversity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 328,
"slug": "tag-biodiversity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-biodiversity"
},
"quest_11155": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11155",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11155",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetic diversity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetic diversity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11188,
"slug": "genetic-diversity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/genetic-diversity"
},
"quest_12840": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12840",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12840",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Global Crop Trust",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Global Crop Trust Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13004,
"slug": "global-crop-trust",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/global-crop-trust"
},
"quest_12841": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12841",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12841",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Luigi Guarino",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Luigi Guarino Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13005,
"slug": "luigi-guarino",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/luigi-guarino"
},
"quest_2352": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2352",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2352",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "quest. pbs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "quest. pbs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2367,
"slug": "quest-pbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-pbs"
},
"quest_12839": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12839",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12839",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "seed bank",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "seed bank Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13003,
"slug": "seed-bank",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/seed-bank"
},
"quest_12297": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12297",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12297",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Simran Sethi",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Simran Sethi Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12440,
"slug": "simran-sethi",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/simran-sethi"
},
"quest_13364": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13364",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13364",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sustainable food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sustainable food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13372,
"slug": "sustainable-food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sustainable-food"
},
"quest_12838": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12838",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12838",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Svalbard Global Crop Trust",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Svalbard Global Crop Trust Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13002,
"slug": "svalbard-global-crop-trust",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/svalbard-global-crop-trust"
},
"quest_16": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_16",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "16",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Physics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Physics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 17,
"slug": "physics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/physics"
},
"quest_315": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_315",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "315",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bicycle",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bicycle Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 317,
"slug": "bicycle",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bicycle"
},
"quest_320": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_320",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "320",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bike",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bike Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 322,
"slug": "bike",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bike"
},
"quest_949": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_949",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "949",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Electric",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Electric Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 955,
"slug": "electric",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/electric"
},
"quest_12771": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12771",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12771",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ELF",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ELF Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12935,
"slug": "elf",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/elf"
},
"quest_12772": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12772",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12772",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "organic transit",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "organic transit Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12936,
"slug": "organic-transit",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/organic-transit"
},
"quest_10427": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10427",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10427",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "quest north carolina",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "quest north carolina Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10460,
"slug": "quest-north-carolina",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-north-carolina"
},
"quest_2709": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2709",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2709",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar power",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar power Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2725,
"slug": "solar-power",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/solar-power"
},
"quest_2983": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2983",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2983",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "transportation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "transportation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2999,
"slug": "transportation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/transportation"
},
"quest_12770": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12770",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12770",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "velomobile",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "velomobile Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12934,
"slug": "velomobile",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/velomobile"
},
"quest_12781": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12781",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12781",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bicycles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bicycles Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12945,
"slug": "bicycles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bicycles"
},
"quest_702": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_702",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "702",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "corn",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "corn Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 707,
"slug": "corn",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/corn"
},
"quest_984": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_984",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "984",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "energy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 990,
"slug": "tag-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-energy"
},
"quest_13197": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13197",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13197",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1005,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/engineering"
},
"quest_1075": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1075",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1075",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fashion",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fashion Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1084,
"slug": "fashion",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fashion"
},
"quest_12604": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12604",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12604",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fishmeal",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fishmeal Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12765,
"slug": "fishmeal",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fishmeal"
},
"quest_1122": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1122",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1122",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1131,
"slug": "tag-food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-food"
},
"quest_12228": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12228",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12228",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "food waste",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "food waste Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12366,
"slug": "food-waste",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/food-waste"
},
"quest_12562": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12562",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12562",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "innovation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "innovation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12721,
"slug": "innovation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/innovation"
},
"quest_1472": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1472",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1472",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "insects",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "insects Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1483,
"slug": "insects",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/insects"
},
"quest_2046": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2046",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2046",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "oceans Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2059,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/oceans"
},
"quest_2693": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2693",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2693",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2709,
"slug": "solar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/solar"
},
"quest_12719": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12719",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12719",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "textiles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "textiles Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12883,
"slug": "textiles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/textiles"
},
"quest_9912": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9912",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9912",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "aquaculture",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "aquaculture Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9942,
"slug": "aquaculture",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/aquaculture"
},
"quest_12736": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12736",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12736",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "black soldier fly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "black soldier fly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12900,
"slug": "black-soldier-fly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/black-soldier-fly"
},
"quest_403": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_403",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "403",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bugs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bugs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 406,
"slug": "bugs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bugs"
},
"quest_12741": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12741",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12741",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "enviroflight",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "enviroflight Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12905,
"slug": "enviroflight",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/enviroflight"
},
"quest_1099": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1099",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1099",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fish",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fish Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1108,
"slug": "fish",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fish"
},
"quest_12738": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12738",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12738",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "larva",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "larva Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12902,
"slug": "larva",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/larva"
},
"quest_12295": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12295",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12295",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "WVIZ/PBS",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "WVIZ/PBS Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12438,
"slug": "wvizpbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/wvizpbs"
},
"quest_12744": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12744",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12744",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Yellow Springs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Yellow Springs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12908,
"slug": "yellow-springs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/yellow-springs"
},
"quest_252": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_252",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "252",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "audio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 254,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/audio"
},
"quest_12021": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12021",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12021",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cleveland",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cleveland Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12145,
"slug": "cleveland",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cleveland"
},
"quest_12699": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12699",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12699",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cleveland botanical garden",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cleveland botanical garden Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12861,
"slug": "cleveland-botanical-garden",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cleveland-botanical-garden"
},
"quest_12698": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12698",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12698",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "green infrastructure",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "green infrastructure Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12860,
"slug": "green-infrastructure",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/green-infrastructure"
},
"quest_3293": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3293",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3293",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Ohio",
"description": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideastream.org\">ideastream®\u003c/a> is public broadcasting and a whole lot more. ideastream is a non-profit organization that applies the power of media to education, culture and citizenship. It includes WVIZ/PBS, 90.3 WCPN and WCLV 104.9, educational and public service cable channels, broadband interactive video distance learning, the Internet and other interactive media. Based on careful and ongoing ascertainment of community needs, ideastream acquires, creates and delivers content that connects those who seek knowledge with those who have it. \r\n\r\nideastream leverages technical, creative and financial resources through partnerships with other organizations that share interests in education and public service. Support comes primarily from contributions made by individuals, foundations and corporations. Funding from state and federal agencies also plays a critical role. ideastream has attracted national attention as a new model for public service media. 2.8 million people in Cleveland, Northeast Ohio and beyond are touched by ideastream programs and services in a typical month.\r\n",
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "ideastream® is public broadcasting and a whole lot more. ideastream is a non-profit organization that applies the power of media to education, culture and citizenship. It includes WVIZ/PBS, 90.3 WCPN and WCLV 104.9, educational and public service cable channels, broadband interactive video distance learning, the Internet and other interactive media. Based on careful and ongoing ascertainment of community needs, ideastream acquires, creates and delivers content that connects those who seek knowledge with those who have it. ideastream leverages technical, creative and financial resources through partnerships with other organizations that share interests in education and public service. Support comes primarily from contributions made by individuals, foundations and corporations. Funding from state and federal agencies also plays a critical role. ideastream has attracted national attention as a new model for public service media. 2.8 million people in Cleveland, Northeast Ohio and beyond are touched by ideastream programs and services in a typical month.",
"title": "QUEST Ohio Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3314,
"slug": "ohio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ohio"
},
"quest_12693": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12693",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12693",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "rain garden",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "rain garden Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12855,
"slug": "rain-garden",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/rain-garden"
},
"quest_11130": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11130",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11130",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sewers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sewers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11163,
"slug": "sewers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sewers"
},
"quest_12694": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12694",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12694",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "slavic village",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "slavic village Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12856,
"slug": "slavic-village",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/slavic-village"
},
"quest_12697": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12697",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12697",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "stormwater",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "stormwater Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12859,
"slug": "stormwater",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/stormwater"
},
"quest_11536": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11536",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11536",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "urban planning",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "urban planning Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11570,
"slug": "urban-planning",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/urban-planning"
},
"quest_12701": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12701",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12701",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "vacant land reuse",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "vacant land reuse Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12863,
"slug": "vacant-land-reuse",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/vacant-land-reuse"
},
"quest_12695": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12695",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12695",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "vacant lots",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "vacant lots Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12857,
"slug": "vacant-lots",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/vacant-lots"
},
"quest_12212": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12212",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12212",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "WCPN",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "WCPN Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12349,
"slug": "wcpn",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/wcpn"
},
"quest_12734": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12734",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12734",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "biochemical engineer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "biochemical engineer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12898,
"slug": "biochemical-engineer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/biochemical-engineer"
},
"quest_12721": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12721",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12721",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cellulose",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cellulose Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12885,
"slug": "cellulose",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cellulose"
},
"quest_12730": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12730",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12730",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cotton",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cotton Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12894,
"slug": "cotton",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cotton"
},
"quest_12727": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12727",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12727",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Dave Nielsen",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Dave Nielsen Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12891,
"slug": "dave-nielsen",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/dave-nielsen"
},
"quest_12720": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12720",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12720",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "farm waste",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "farm waste Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12884,
"slug": "farm-waste",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/farm-waste"
},
"quest_12728": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12728",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12728",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "farmer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "farmer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12892,
"slug": "farmer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/farmer"
},
"quest_12726": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12726",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12726",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FarmMax",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FarmMax Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12890,
"slug": "farmmax",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/farmmax"
},
"quest_12731": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12731",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12731",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fibers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fibers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12895,
"slug": "fibers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fibers"
},
"quest_12729": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12729",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12729",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "harvest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "harvest Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12893,
"slug": "harvest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/harvest"
},
"quest_12718": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12718",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12718",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "husks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "husks Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12882,
"slug": "husks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/husks"
},
"quest_12724": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12724",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12724",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Jay Stukenholtz",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jay Stukenholtz Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12888,
"slug": "jay-stukenholtz",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/jay-stukenholtz"
},
"quest_12722": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12722",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12722",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "lignocellulose",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "lignocellulose Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12886,
"slug": "lignocellulose",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/lignocellulose"
},
"quest_12732": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12732",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12732",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "natural fibers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "natural fibers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12896,
"slug": "natural-fibers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/natural-fibers"
},
"quest_12354": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12354",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12354",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Nebraska",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Nebraska Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12499,
"slug": "quest-nebraska",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-nebraska"
},
"quest_12733": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12733",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12733",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "synthetics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "synthetics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12897,
"slug": "synthetics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/synthetics"
},
"quest_12735": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12735",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12735",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "textile scientist",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "textile scientist Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12899,
"slug": "textile-scientist",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/textile-scientist"
},
"quest_12725": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12725",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12725",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Ty Stukenholtz",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Ty Stukenholtz Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12889,
"slug": "ty-stukenholtz",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ty-stukenholtz"
},
"quest_10511": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10511",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10511",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "University of Nebraska-Lincoln",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "University of Nebraska-Lincoln Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10544,
"slug": "university-of-nebraska-lincoln",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/university-of-nebraska-lincoln"
},
"quest_12723": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12723",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12723",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Yiqi Yang",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Yiqi Yang Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12887,
"slug": "yiqi-yang",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/yiqi-yang"
},
"quest_12": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/health"
},
"quest_12760": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12760",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12760",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Army Corps",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Army Corps Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12924,
"slug": "army-corps",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/army-corps"
},
"quest_688": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_688",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "688",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "contamination",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "contamination Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 693,
"slug": "contamination",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/contamination"
},
"quest_12757": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12757",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12757",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Cuyahoga River",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Cuyahoga River Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12921,
"slug": "cuyahoga-river",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cuyahoga-river"
},
"quest_3541": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3541",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3541",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DDT",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DDT Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3568,
"slug": "ddt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ddt"
},
"quest_10167": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10167",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10167",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dredging",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dredging Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10200,
"slug": "dredging",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/dredging"
},
"quest_883": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_883",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "883",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drinking water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drinking water Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 888,
"slug": "drinking-water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/drinking-water"
},
"quest_10201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Great Lakes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Great Lakes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10234,
"slug": "great-lakes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/great-lakes"
},
"quest_1339": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1339",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1339",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "heavy metals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "heavy metals Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1350,
"slug": "heavy-metals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/heavy-metals"
},
"quest_12758": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12758",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12758",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "industrial waste",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "industrial waste Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12922,
"slug": "industrial-waste",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/industrial-waste"
},
"quest_12098": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12098",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12098",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Lake Erie",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Lake Erie Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12224,
"slug": "lake-erie",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/lake-erie"
},
"quest_12638": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12638",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12638",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Ohio EPA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Ohio EPA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12799,
"slug": "ohio-epa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ohio-epa"
},
"quest_9868": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9868",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9868",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PCBs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "PCBs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9898,
"slug": "pcbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pcbs"
},
"quest_2576": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2576",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2576",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sediment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sediment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2592,
"slug": "sediment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sediment"
},
"quest_12759": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12759",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12759",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "urban runoff",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "urban runoff Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12923,
"slug": "urban-runoff",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/urban-runoff"
},
"quest_12676": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12676",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12676",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Butternut",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Butternut Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12837,
"slug": "butternut",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/butternut"
},
"quest_621": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_621",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "621",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 626,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/climate-change"
},
"quest_12662": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12662",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12662",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Donner Ski Ranch",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Donner Ski Ranch Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12823,
"slug": "donner-ski-ranch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/donner-ski-ranch"
},
"quest_12663": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12663",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12663",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Jiminy Peak",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jiminy Peak Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12824,
"slug": "jiminy-peak",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/jiminy-peak"
},
"quest_12677": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12677",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12677",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "man-made snow",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "man-made snow Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12838,
"slug": "man-made-snow",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/man-made-snow"
},
"quest_2643": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2643",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2643",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ski",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ski Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2659,
"slug": "ski",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ski"
},
"quest_12659": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12659",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12659",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "slopes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "slopes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12820,
"slug": "slopes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/slopes"
},
"quest_12675": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12675",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12675",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "snow machine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "snow machine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12836,
"slug": "snow-machine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/snow-machine"
},
"quest_12660": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12660",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12660",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "winter sports",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "winter sports Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12821,
"slug": "winter-sports",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/winter-sports"
},
"quest_68": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_68",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "68",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "adaptation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "adaptation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 69,
"slug": "adaptation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/adaptation"
},
"quest_12556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "argument from evidence",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "argument from evidence Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12714,
"slug": "argument-from-evidence",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/argument-from-evidence"
},
"quest_12619": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12619",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12619",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Bainbridge Island Land Trust",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Bainbridge Island Land Trust Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12780,
"slug": "bainbridge-island-land-trust",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bainbridge-island-land-trust"
},
"quest_12617": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12617",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12617",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bulkhead",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bulkhead Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12778,
"slug": "bulkhead",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bulkhead"
},
"quest_12621": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12621",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12621",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coastline",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coastline Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12782,
"slug": "coastline",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/coastline"
},
"quest_11940": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11940",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11940",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecosystem dynamics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecosystem dynamics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12056,
"slug": "ecosystem-dynamics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecosystem-dynamics"
},
"quest_12505": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12505",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12505",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecosystem function",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecosystem function Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12659,
"slug": "ecosystem-function",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecosystem-function"
},
"quest_11003": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_11003",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "11003",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "erosion",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "erosion Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11036,
"slug": "erosion",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/erosion"
},
"quest_1293": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1293",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1293",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "habitat restoration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "habitat restoration Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1303,
"slug": "habitat-restoration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/habitat-restoration"
},
"quest_12618": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12618",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12618",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Powel",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Powel Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12779,
"slug": "powel",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/powel"
},
"quest_12620": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12620",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12620",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Puget Sound Partnerships",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Puget Sound Partnerships Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12781,
"slug": "puget-sound-partnerships",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/puget-sound-partnerships"
},
"quest_12146": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12146",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12146",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northwest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Northwest Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12276,
"slug": "quest-northwest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest-northwest"
},
"quest_2477": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2477",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2477",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "salmon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "salmon Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2493,
"slug": "tag-salmon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tag-salmon"
},
"quest_2623": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2623",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2623",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "shoreline",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "shoreline Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2639,
"slug": "shoreline",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/shoreline"
},
"quest_475": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_475",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "475",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cancer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cancer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 478,
"slug": "cancer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cancer"
},
"quest_530": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_530",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "530",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cement",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cement Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 533,
"slug": "cement",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cement"
},
"quest_12555": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12555",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12555",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coal tar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coal tar Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12713,
"slug": "coal-tar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/coal-tar"
},
"quest_12558": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12558",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12558",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ecosystem relationships",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ecosystem relationships Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12716,
"slug": "ecosystem-relationships",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ecosystem-relationships"
},
"quest_12557": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12557",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12557",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "engineering design",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "engineering design Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12715,
"slug": "engineering-design",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/engineering-design"
},
"quest_12386": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12386",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12386",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "InvestigateWest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "InvestigateWest Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12534,
"slug": "investigatewest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/investigatewest"
},
"quest_12684": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12684",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12684",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PAH",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "PAH Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12846,
"slug": "pah",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pah"
},
"quest_12683": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12683",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12683",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12845,
"slug": "polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons"
},
"quest_12682": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_12682",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "12682",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sealant",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sealant Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12844,
"slug": "sealant",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sealant"
},
"quest_13365": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13365",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13365",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sustainable health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sustainable health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13373,
"slug": "sustainable-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sustainable-health"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
