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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_smelt.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)\u003cbr>\n- photo credit: US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The little delta smelt is back in the headlines. An Alameda County judge has ruled that giant pumps operated by the Department of Water Resources are illegally killing delta smelt and Chinook salmon, two species protected under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). He has given the state 60 days to obtain the proper permits or shut down the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to our Senior Scientist, Tina Swanson, about the fish that's been causing so much fuss. As she summed it up, \"The delta smelt is a little fish at the center of a huge hurricane.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish at issue is petite (generally 2-3 inches), steely blue and nearly translucent. Delta smelt live 1-2 years, feed exclusively on plankton, and, amazingly, smell like cucumbers. The species is endemic to the upper San Francisco Bay and the Delta, meaning it is found nowhere else on earth. Unfortunately, the place it calls home is a place in crisis. And that is cause for concern, even if you don’t happen to be a delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta-- where the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers converge before flowing into the Bay-- is the heart of the Bay watershed and the hub for much of the state's freshwater supply. 2 in 3 Californians-- some 23 million people-- depend on the system for at least part of their water. (If you live in the East or South Bay, chances are you are one of them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's troubles are manifold. Once a vast and ecologically abundant inland marsh, it was diked and channelized starting in the 1800s. Today, many of its islands have subsided as much as 20 feet below sea level behind aging levee systems, putting farms, homes, our water supply, and human lives at risk (think hurricane Katrina). The rivers flowing into the Delta have been dammed, and water quality suffers due to pesticides and other pollutants from Central Valley and Delta farms. Native species like the smelt are in steep decline, and invasives are taking over. And more and more people are moving into the Delta, building houses on land better suited for flood bypasses or tidal marsh restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the giant pumps. They suck in water with the force of a large river, squashing the delicate smelt against-- or pulling them right through-- screens meant to keep them out of the facilities. Further, by extracting so much fresh water, we are altering the unique chemical composition of the system and disrupting the seasonal ebb and flow of salty and fresh water-- natural rhythms that serve as vital cues for migration and spawning for the smelt and other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once one of the Delta's most common pelagic-- or open water-- fishes, today the delta smelt is thought by many scientists to be on the brink of extinction. In an effort to help save it, The Bay Institute has filed emergency petitions with federal and state agencies seeking to change the status of the species from threatened to endangered. We are also analyzing the effects of Delta water operations and promoting actions that could be taken to help the fish, such as limiting pumping in the early spring to protect vulnerable young smelt hatched during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delta smelt has been described as an aquatic \"canary in the coalmine\"-- a key indicator of the condition of the Delta and upper San Francisco Bay. Its disappearance is a sounding alarm bell of a system in crisis. Let's hope this latest court ruling is enough to finally wake us up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Ann Dickinson\u003c/strong> is Communications Manager for The Bay Institute (\u003ca href=\"http://www.bay.org\">www.bay.org\u003c/a>), a nonprofit research, education, and advocacy organization dedicated to protecting and restoring San Francisco Bay and its watershed, “from the Sierra to the sea.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_smelt.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus)\u003cbr>\n- photo credit: US Fish & Wildlife Service\u003c/em>\u003c/span>The little delta smelt is back in the headlines. An Alameda County judge has ruled that giant pumps operated by the Department of Water Resources are illegally killing delta smelt and Chinook salmon, two species protected under the California Endangered Species Act (CESA). He has given the state 60 days to obtain the proper permits or shut down the pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to our Senior Scientist, Tina Swanson, about the fish that's been causing so much fuss. As she summed it up, \"The delta smelt is a little fish at the center of a huge hurricane.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish at issue is petite (generally 2-3 inches), steely blue and nearly translucent. Delta smelt live 1-2 years, feed exclusively on plankton, and, amazingly, smell like cucumbers. The species is endemic to the upper San Francisco Bay and the Delta, meaning it is found nowhere else on earth. Unfortunately, the place it calls home is a place in crisis. And that is cause for concern, even if you don’t happen to be a delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta-- where the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers converge before flowing into the Bay-- is the heart of the Bay watershed and the hub for much of the state's freshwater supply. 2 in 3 Californians-- some 23 million people-- depend on the system for at least part of their water. (If you live in the East or South Bay, chances are you are one of them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's troubles are manifold. Once a vast and ecologically abundant inland marsh, it was diked and channelized starting in the 1800s. Today, many of its islands have subsided as much as 20 feet below sea level behind aging levee systems, putting farms, homes, our water supply, and human lives at risk (think hurricane Katrina). The rivers flowing into the Delta have been dammed, and water quality suffers due to pesticides and other pollutants from Central Valley and Delta farms. Native species like the smelt are in steep decline, and invasives are taking over. And more and more people are moving into the Delta, building houses on land better suited for flood bypasses or tidal marsh restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the giant pumps. They suck in water with the force of a large river, squashing the delicate smelt against-- or pulling them right through-- screens meant to keep them out of the facilities. Further, by extracting so much fresh water, we are altering the unique chemical composition of the system and disrupting the seasonal ebb and flow of salty and fresh water-- natural rhythms that serve as vital cues for migration and spawning for the smelt and other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once one of the Delta's most common pelagic-- or open water-- fishes, today the delta smelt is thought by many scientists to be on the brink of extinction. In an effort to help save it, The Bay Institute has filed emergency petitions with federal and state agencies seeking to change the status of the species from threatened to endangered. We are also analyzing the effects of Delta water operations and promoting actions that could be taken to help the fish, such as limiting pumping in the early spring to protect vulnerable young smelt hatched during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delta smelt has been described as an aquatic \"canary in the coalmine\"-- a key indicator of the condition of the Delta and upper San Francisco Bay. Its disappearance is a sounding alarm bell of a system in crisis. Let's hope this latest court ruling is enough to finally wake us up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Ann Dickinson\u003c/strong> is Communications Manager for The Bay Institute (\u003ca href=\"http://www.bay.org\">www.bay.org\u003c/a>), a nonprofit research, education, and advocacy organization dedicated to protecting and restoring San Francisco Bay and its watershed, “from the Sierra to the sea.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_evolution.gif\">\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/03/19/distrust-of-science/\">Last blog\u003c/a> I talked about some of the reasons scientists are to blame for the public’s distrust of science. This week I want to look at what all of this means in the context of a concrete example--evolution. In the near future, I'll talk about this topic with regard to genetically modified organisms\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases it is the public's misunderstanding of how science works and what science is that can lead to a growing distrust of scientists. And of course scientists aren’t blameless. Both examples also show how scientists have made the situation worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, evolution. It is important to start out by saying what evolution is. Evolution is simply the best scientifically testable model to explain a bunch of data about the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a whole lot of data out there that shows that the Earth is 4 or 5 billion years old. That species have come and gone over time. That species adapt to their environment and that these adaptations are passed down to their offspring through DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is the fossil record that shows the transition of one species into another. And the DNA evidence that shows that relationship. And a whole lot more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this data cries out for a theory to explain it. And evolution does a terrific job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it explains the data so well that almost no scientist disputes it. Nearly all life scientists use the backdrop of evolution to help plan and interpret their experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/22/opinion/polls/main965223.shtml\">study from a couple of years ago\u003c/a>, over half of Americans reject evolution. This is mind boggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is like thinking the evidence is inconclusive that the Earth is round. Or that other stars have planets around them. So why do so few Americans accept that the evidence is that compelling?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_lucy.jpg\">\u003c/span>Largely because it conflicts with their religious beliefs. But that explanation doesn’t help partly because I asked the wrong question. A better question might be, \"Given that the evolution is the only scientifically testable theory that explains all of the data, why do people think they can refute it? Or think that the evidence for evolution is not strong?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big reason is a lack of understanding about what science is. Science is not a belief. Scientists don't believe in evolution like most people believe in God.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a better model came around that could explain the data, scientists would drop evolution and use the new model. And believe me, some young hotshot scientist somewhere would love to become famous by showing that evolution is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course not any model will do. Anyone can propose an idea. To work, the theory would have to make predictions that you can test with experimentation. Evolution does this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other model out there does. Creationism certainly does not. Nor does Intelligent Design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only evolution makes testable predictions. And these predictions lead to new experiments that can lead to changes in the details about how evolution works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is another area where the public often misunderstands science. Scientific theories are not written in stone. They are not like religious beliefs. A theory is modified to fit new data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't wishy-washyism at its worst. This is just how science works. Scientists do not know everything and so propose theories based on the data they have. New data can change a theory. Or more rarely, a new theory can be proposed to replace the old one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the huge body of data that supports evolution, it is very unlikely there will be a smoking gun that causes us to replace it with a new theory. There would need to be a lot of new data to support some other model. And there isn't any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another misconception is that a current theory has to explain everything right now. And if it can't, then the whole theory is bunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this isn't how science works. If there is some data that the current theory of evolution can't explain, scientists will modify the theory so that it fits the data. Or do experiments or find evidence that explains the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This often happens with the fossil record. Someone will show a gap in the record and say that because of the gap, all of evolution is wrong. Of course this ignores the mountains of other data that do support the theory. And scientists often then find fossils that fill in the gap and so people opposed to evolution look for new gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, you don’t get rid of the whole theory because some data doesn't fit. No more than we got rid of Christianity when Galileo saw moons orbiting Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, scientists shoulder some of the blame too. As I wrote last blog, scientists don't tend to be the best communicators. So you get a lawyer or a clergyman whose job it is to talk against a scientist whose job it is to do science. Guess which one sounds the most convincing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But science isn't American Idol. Or Yahoo Answers. The audience doesn't get to pick who the winner is or what the best answer is based on who has the best sound bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best answer is the one that fits the data and is testable. And that is evolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think a bigger problem has to do with the misuse of science by some scientists. I don't mean the handful who claim that other theories do a better job of explaining the data (although this sows the seeds of distrust as well).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bigger problem is scientists who use evolution as a weapon against God. Some scientists claim that evolution shows there is no God. This is, of course, rubbish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when religious people hear this kind of talk, they naturally turn against evolution. After all, if evolution is proof that there is no God and I believe there is one, then evolution is bunk. It is important to state that evolution has nothing to do with God.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But evolution is real. Which means believers in a Judeo-Christian God will eventually need to incorporate it into their religion. And many, many believers are doing that right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More interviews with scientists about evolution\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/pov_atkins/index.html\"> http://www.thetech.org/genetics/pov_atkins/index.html\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A great website about evolution\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://evolution.berkeley.edu/\"> http://evolution.berkeley.edu/\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If people evolved from apes, then why are there still apes?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=150\"> http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=150\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Dr. Barry Starr\u003c/strong> is a Geneticist-in-Residence at \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a> in San Jose, CA.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this data cries out for a theory to explain it. And evolution does a terrific job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it explains the data so well that almost no scientist disputes it. Nearly all life scientists use the backdrop of evolution to help plan and interpret their experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/22/opinion/polls/main965223.shtml\">study from a couple of years ago\u003c/a>, over half of Americans reject evolution. This is mind boggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is like thinking the evidence is inconclusive that the Earth is round. Or that other stars have planets around them. So why do so few Americans accept that the evidence is that compelling?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blog_lucy.jpg\">\u003c/span>Largely because it conflicts with their religious beliefs. But that explanation doesn’t help partly because I asked the wrong question. A better question might be, \"Given that the evolution is the only scientifically testable theory that explains all of the data, why do people think they can refute it? Or think that the evidence for evolution is not strong?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big reason is a lack of understanding about what science is. Science is not a belief. Scientists don't believe in evolution like most people believe in God.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a better model came around that could explain the data, scientists would drop evolution and use the new model. And believe me, some young hotshot scientist somewhere would love to become famous by showing that evolution is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course not any model will do. Anyone can propose an idea. To work, the theory would have to make predictions that you can test with experimentation. Evolution does this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other model out there does. Creationism certainly does not. Nor does Intelligent Design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only evolution makes testable predictions. And these predictions lead to new experiments that can lead to changes in the details about how evolution works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is another area where the public often misunderstands science. Scientific theories are not written in stone. They are not like religious beliefs. A theory is modified to fit new data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't wishy-washyism at its worst. This is just how science works. Scientists do not know everything and so propose theories based on the data they have. New data can change a theory. Or more rarely, a new theory can be proposed to replace the old one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with the huge body of data that supports evolution, it is very unlikely there will be a smoking gun that causes us to replace it with a new theory. There would need to be a lot of new data to support some other model. And there isn't any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another misconception is that a current theory has to explain everything right now. And if it can't, then the whole theory is bunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, this isn't how science works. If there is some data that the current theory of evolution can't explain, scientists will modify the theory so that it fits the data. Or do experiments or find evidence that explains the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This often happens with the fossil record. Someone will show a gap in the record and say that because of the gap, all of evolution is wrong. Of course this ignores the mountains of other data that do support the theory. And scientists often then find fossils that fill in the gap and so people opposed to evolution look for new gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, you don’t get rid of the whole theory because some data doesn't fit. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blogCA_shark.jpg\">\u003c/span>Benchley's book and Spielberg's classic film \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws\" target=\"_blank\">Jaws\u003c/a> might well have been set off San Francisco, in that although shark attacks are rare events, the fear and publicity associated with sharks off central California is on most everyone's mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White shark (\u003cem>Carcharodon carcharias\u003c/em>), also known as the Great White Shark, requires no hyperbole. It is the only shark species in California that presents a significant danger to humans. White sharks live worldwide in cool, coastal waters. Interactions between humans and sharks happen each year and within the \"Red Triangle\" (a 100 mile stretch of coast running from Bodega Head to the Farallon Islands to the south end of Monterey Bay) there have been 48 white shark attacks since 1952. With increasing use of the coast by swimmers, surfers, abalone divers, kayakers, and windsurfers, the risk of attack will increase unless users become aware of the natural and unnatural history of the White shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research accomplished by scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, as well as by researchers from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.prbo.org/cms/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">Point Reyes Bird Observatory\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbayaq.org\" target=\"_blank\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"http://biotelemetry.ucdavis.edu/pages/whiteshark.htm\" target=\"_blank\">University of California at Davis\u003c/a>, has significantly increased our knowledge of white shark biology, allowing us to better predict their risk to human safety and to demonstrate the important ecological role that sharks play within our coastal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult White sharks feed primarily on \u003cem>pinnipeds\u003c/em> (seals and sea lions) and typically stalk their prey from behind and beneath before attacking -- in most cases, neither pinniped nor people see the shark before it bites them. The initial bite is so rapid and so forceful (adult White sharks weigh as much as 1-3 tons) that the victim is often lifted from the water and then released, after which the shark typically waits for the victim to bleed to death before attempting to consume it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White shark attacks upon humans typically occur nearshore in water 10-30 feet deep, placing swimmers, snorklers, surfers, kayakers, and scuba divers (when at the surface) at greatest risk. The appearance of a surfer on a short board, for example, might easily be mistaken by a hungry shark for a basking sea lion. White sharks can see color, have quite good vision, and rely on that sense to spot their prey. They do not appear to discriminate coloration in that they usually look skyward before an attack and only observe the surface silhouette of the victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White shark attacks have occurred during every month, but are most common in August, September and October. White shark attacks are not random. The Farallon Islands, Año Nuevo Island, Tomales Point and Bird Rock (Marin County) are particularly dangerous locations and should be avoided. In particular, those rocky headlands where pinnipeds congregate are the most likely locations for patrolling white sharks. One should never enter California waters alone in that the \"buddy system\" has saved the majority of attack victims. Although many water users drown each year, only 88 attacks and 8 fatalities are known to have occurred in California waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists now understand the importance of White sharks in coastal ecosystems through their role as top level predators within food webs. They are protected by law in California and elsewhere in the world and, like so many other shark species, are endangered through overfishing, bycatch, and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Guest blogger \u003cstrong>Dr. John E. McCosker \u003c/strong>is the Chair of Aquatic Biology at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/blogCA_shark.jpg\">\u003c/span>Benchley's book and Spielberg's classic film \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaws\" target=\"_blank\">Jaws\u003c/a> might well have been set off San Francisco, in that although shark attacks are rare events, the fear and publicity associated with sharks off central California is on most everyone's mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White shark (\u003cem>Carcharodon carcharias\u003c/em>), also known as the Great White Shark, requires no hyperbole. It is the only shark species in California that presents a significant danger to humans. White sharks live worldwide in cool, coastal waters. Interactions between humans and sharks happen each year and within the \"Red Triangle\" (a 100 mile stretch of coast running from Bodega Head to the Farallon Islands to the south end of Monterey Bay) there have been 48 white shark attacks since 1952. With increasing use of the coast by swimmers, surfers, abalone divers, kayakers, and windsurfers, the risk of attack will increase unless users become aware of the natural and unnatural history of the White shark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research accomplished by scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, as well as by researchers from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.prbo.org/cms/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">Point Reyes Bird Observatory\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbayaq.org\" target=\"_blank\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>, and the \u003ca href=\"http://biotelemetry.ucdavis.edu/pages/whiteshark.htm\" target=\"_blank\">University of California at Davis\u003c/a>, has significantly increased our knowledge of white shark biology, allowing us to better predict their risk to human safety and to demonstrate the important ecological role that sharks play within our coastal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult White sharks feed primarily on \u003cem>pinnipeds\u003c/em> (seals and sea lions) and typically stalk their prey from behind and beneath before attacking -- in most cases, neither pinniped nor people see the shark before it bites them. The initial bite is so rapid and so forceful (adult White sharks weigh as much as 1-3 tons) that the victim is often lifted from the water and then released, after which the shark typically waits for the victim to bleed to death before attempting to consume it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White shark attacks upon humans typically occur nearshore in water 10-30 feet deep, placing swimmers, snorklers, surfers, kayakers, and scuba divers (when at the surface) at greatest risk. The appearance of a surfer on a short board, for example, might easily be mistaken by a hungry shark for a basking sea lion. White sharks can see color, have quite good vision, and rely on that sense to spot their prey. They do not appear to discriminate coloration in that they usually look skyward before an attack and only observe the surface silhouette of the victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Elkhorn Slough",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/elkhorn-slough-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1700 Elkhorn Road [\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/maps?q=1700%20Elkhorn%20Rd%2C%20Watsonville%2C%20CA%2095076\">Directions\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nWatsonville, CA 95076\u003cbr>\n(831) 728-2822\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Otters and Elkhorn Slough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/140/361194518_732fd42d73_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"135\" alt=\"Elkhorn Slough\">\u003c/span>Elkhorn Slough is a jewel on California's coastline and one of the 25 most significant biodiversity hot spots in the world. Its acreage is second in size only to the wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Area. While it offers a variety of rich habitats and vegetation for hundreds of species of birds, fish and other wildlife, it's under constant threat from human activity, pollution and erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This region is home to one of the largest populations of southern sea otters on the California coast. Still, their numbers today are but a fraction of what they were a few hundred years ago when they numbered well over 100,000 along the entire West Coast, from Alaska to Mexico. Hunters nearly wiped them out in the 18th and 19th centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, federal law protects the otters from hunters, but they face other dangers nearly as deadly. More sea otters seem to be getting sick and researchers want to find out why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Is Elkhorn Slough?\n\u003c/h2>\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough is an estuary, a region where freshwater, such as from rivers, meets the saltwater of the ocean. Such coastal regions consist of deep-water tidal habitats next to tidal wetlands. The wetlands are partially enclosed by land, but have open access to the sea. Seawater enters the wetlands with the tides and occasionally gets diluted by freshwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough is an extraordinary place-- one of the 25 most significant biodiversity hotspots in the world. The National Audubon Society lists the area in its Globally Important Bird Areas, and it was named a Western Shorebird Reserve by the Manomet Bird Observatory. There are two dozen threatened and endangered plant and animal species here, including the California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), the western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), and the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). Elkhorn Slough provides critical habitat for over 550 marine invertebrates and over 100 fish species, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As important as it is to nature, Elkhorn Slough is surrounded by a power plant, an active fishing harbor, communities and commercial farmland. This much-studied region exhibits the delicate balance between critical wildlife habitat and human activity. Researchers have monitored the area for decades to better understand its changes and their causes, as well as to make better informed decisions about its management.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Does a Slough Do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The slough and other estuaries serve many vital functions. They cycle nutrients through the food web, store flood waters and ease storm surges, improve water quality by filtering out sediments and pollution, provide nurseries for fish and offer rich feeding grounds for many animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keystone Species\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sea otters are a keystones species in Elkhorn Slough. That means they have a large influence on their environment relative to their numbers. Just like an arch will fall if you remove its keystone, take away the keystone species and that ecosystem falls apart. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant seaweed called kelp forms large forests from the seafloor to the surface. These forests shelter and nourish many animals and other plants the same way that trees and shrubs do on land. Researchers know that when sea otters leave an area, the kelp forests suffer. Sea urchins eat kelp. Otters eat sea urchins. Take away the otters and the urchins destroy the kelp forests, removing valuable habitat for many other species and leaving behind empty \"urchin barrens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Oil Spills\n\u003c/h2>\u003cp>Otters are well insulated from the cold water. They don't have blubber-- they rely on dense fur, which they keep impeccably groomed. Sea otters are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill. If the fur becomes coated with oil, it loses its insulating qualities. Water can penetrate to the skin, causing hypothermia and, ultimately, killing the otter. Also, ingesting the oil while grooming can damage the otter's internal organs and also cause death.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Threats\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Otters face lots of dangers in the water, from boat propellers to sharks to entangling fishing gear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because sea otters live so close to shore, they're particularly vulnerable to pollution from such things as agricultural runoff, boat yards and marinas and sewage treatment plants. For example, any chemicals, PCBs or heavy metals that make their way into the water get concentrated in the tissues of mussels and other filter feeders-- foods that sea otters eat in large quantities. These substances can harm the nervous system, lower birthrates and impair the otters' immune defenses against disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other major causes of otter deaths include heart disease, infections and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A New Danger\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The primary cause of death in 17 percent of otters examined by the California Department of Fish and Game was from a brain disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite formerly found among animals on land, including humans and cats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a cat eats a bird or rodent infected with the parasite, millions of the parasite's egg-like cysts are released in the scat, which ends up in the estuary through runoff or sewage-0- when used cat litter gets tossed into storm drains or toilets. Filter-feeding clams, oysters and other organisms ingest the cysts. When an otter eats the shellfish, the parasite infects its brain. Otter have no immune defense against this organism. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many organizations, including the California Department of Fish and Game, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and others are studying this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get Involved\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some very simple steps you can take to help the sea otters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Don't flush cat litter down the toilet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remove cat poop from your yard and dispose of it in plastic bags in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Volunteer with an organization that helps protect and restore these vital otter habitats, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.elkhornslough.org\">www.elkhornslough.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Learn more about otters from groups such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaotters.org\" target=\"_blank\">Friends of the Sea Otter\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.otterproject.org\" target=\"_blank\">The Otter Project\u003c/a> to find out ways that you can take action today to help protect this important California species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/groups/16868816@N00\">Elkhorn Slough photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.elkhornslough.com/\">Elkhorn Slough Safari Tours\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.elkhornslough.org/\">elkhornslough.org\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tmmc.org/\">The Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.saveseaotters.org/\">Defenders of Wildlife\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">MBARI: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/lobo/Intro.html\">MBARI: LOBO Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/elkhorn-slough-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1700 Elkhorn Road [\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/maps?q=1700%20Elkhorn%20Rd%2C%20Watsonville%2C%20CA%2095076\">Directions\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nWatsonville, CA 95076\u003cbr>\n(831) 728-2822\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Otters and Elkhorn Slough\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm1.static.flickr.com/140/361194518_732fd42d73_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"135\" alt=\"Elkhorn Slough\">\u003c/span>Elkhorn Slough is a jewel on California's coastline and one of the 25 most significant biodiversity hot spots in the world. Its acreage is second in size only to the wetlands in the San Francisco Bay Area. While it offers a variety of rich habitats and vegetation for hundreds of species of birds, fish and other wildlife, it's under constant threat from human activity, pollution and erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This region is home to one of the largest populations of southern sea otters on the California coast. Still, their numbers today are but a fraction of what they were a few hundred years ago when they numbered well over 100,000 along the entire West Coast, from Alaska to Mexico. Hunters nearly wiped them out in the 18th and 19th centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, federal law protects the otters from hunters, but they face other dangers nearly as deadly. More sea otters seem to be getting sick and researchers want to find out why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Is Elkhorn Slough?\n\u003c/h2>\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough is an estuary, a region where freshwater, such as from rivers, meets the saltwater of the ocean. Such coastal regions consist of deep-water tidal habitats next to tidal wetlands. The wetlands are partially enclosed by land, but have open access to the sea. Seawater enters the wetlands with the tides and occasionally gets diluted by freshwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhorn Slough is an extraordinary place-- one of the 25 most significant biodiversity hotspots in the world. The National Audubon Society lists the area in its Globally Important Bird Areas, and it was named a Western Shorebird Reserve by the Manomet Bird Observatory. There are two dozen threatened and endangered plant and animal species here, including the California brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis), the western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), and the southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis). Elkhorn Slough provides critical habitat for over 550 marine invertebrates and over 100 fish species, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As important as it is to nature, Elkhorn Slough is surrounded by a power plant, an active fishing harbor, communities and commercial farmland. This much-studied region exhibits the delicate balance between critical wildlife habitat and human activity. Researchers have monitored the area for decades to better understand its changes and their causes, as well as to make better informed decisions about its management.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What Does a Slough Do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The slough and other estuaries serve many vital functions. They cycle nutrients through the food web, store flood waters and ease storm surges, improve water quality by filtering out sediments and pollution, provide nurseries for fish and offer rich feeding grounds for many animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keystone Species\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sea otters are a keystones species in Elkhorn Slough. That means they have a large influence on their environment relative to their numbers. Just like an arch will fall if you remove its keystone, take away the keystone species and that ecosystem falls apart. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant seaweed called kelp forms large forests from the seafloor to the surface. These forests shelter and nourish many animals and other plants the same way that trees and shrubs do on land. Researchers know that when sea otters leave an area, the kelp forests suffer. Sea urchins eat kelp. Otters eat sea urchins. Take away the otters and the urchins destroy the kelp forests, removing valuable habitat for many other species and leaving behind empty \"urchin barrens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Oil Spills\n\u003c/h2>\u003cp>Otters are well insulated from the cold water. They don't have blubber-- they rely on dense fur, which they keep impeccably groomed. Sea otters are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an oil spill. If the fur becomes coated with oil, it loses its insulating qualities. Water can penetrate to the skin, causing hypothermia and, ultimately, killing the otter. Also, ingesting the oil while grooming can damage the otter's internal organs and also cause death.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other Threats\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Otters face lots of dangers in the water, from boat propellers to sharks to entangling fishing gear. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because sea otters live so close to shore, they're particularly vulnerable to pollution from such things as agricultural runoff, boat yards and marinas and sewage treatment plants. For example, any chemicals, PCBs or heavy metals that make their way into the water get concentrated in the tissues of mussels and other filter feeders-- foods that sea otters eat in large quantities. These substances can harm the nervous system, lower birthrates and impair the otters' immune defenses against disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other major causes of otter deaths include heart disease, infections and parasites.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A New Danger\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The primary cause of death in 17 percent of otters examined by the California Department of Fish and Game was from a brain disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite formerly found among animals on land, including humans and cats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a cat eats a bird or rodent infected with the parasite, millions of the parasite's egg-like cysts are released in the scat, which ends up in the estuary through runoff or sewage-0- when used cat litter gets tossed into storm drains or toilets. Filter-feeding clams, oysters and other organisms ingest the cysts. When an otter eats the shellfish, the parasite infects its brain. Otter have no immune defense against this organism. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many organizations, including the California Department of Fish and Game, the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine and others are studying this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get Involved\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some very simple steps you can take to help the sea otters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"links\">\n\u003cli>Don't flush cat litter down the toilet.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remove cat poop from your yard and dispose of it in plastic bags in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Volunteer with an organization that helps protect and restore these vital otter habitats, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.elkhornslough.org\">www.elkhornslough.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Learn more about otters from groups such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.seaotters.org\" target=\"_blank\">Friends of the Sea Otter\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://www.otterproject.org\" target=\"_blank\">The Otter Project\u003c/a> to find out ways that you can take action today to help protect this important California species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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