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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/06/Average_Andrews_Dorm_Room.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Now with free genetic testing!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley has decided to offer its 5500 incoming freshmen of the College of Letters and Sciences the chance at a free genetic test. And all hell has broken loose. Well, maybe not all hell but a bee’s nest has been stirred up at the very least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side are the folks who see no problem with this. Knowledge about oneself is the most important thing and any legal route to more knowledge is good. These tests are also a great way to teach college students about the wave of genetic testing that is about to wash over them and to get everyone talking about genetic tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side are people more leery of genetic testing. Genetic tests do not give as much information as advertised and are really hard to understand. They also worry that students will feel pressured to take the test and so it won’t be truly voluntary. Add to this concerns about genetic privacy, effects on student behavior, and acclimatizing people to genetic tests to support the genetic testing industry and you begin to see why there was such an outcry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I want to do is add my two cents. After looking over the details and thinking about it, I think this experiment is worth doing and as safe as anything like this can be. I also think it is an excellent way to get people more interested in and talking about genetics and genetic testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any of you who have read some of my previous stuff might be surprised by this. I tend to be pretty conservative when it comes to genetic testing because I think by and large it is oversold. Most genetic tests can’t tell you as much as the companies tell you they can. They are hard to understand and you need a deep understanding to really figure out what they can and can’t tell you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t true for every genetic test. Especially not for the one that UCB is offering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test will look at three different genes to figure out whether a student has a DNA change that might affect their ability to: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1)\tDigest lactose (lactase gene)\u003cbr>\n2)\tMetabolize folate (MTHFR gene)\u003cbr>\n3)\tFlush when they drink alcohol (ALDH2 gene). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By and large these tests are pretty benign but still offer great opportunities for discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, most people in the world can’t digest dairy as an adult because their lactase gene shuts off. Around 25% of people have a DNA change that keeps the gene on into adulthood. The test will reveal whether a student has that change or not. Hardly life altering stuff!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it does offer a chance to talk about genes and genetic tests. Many of the students who test as lactose intolerant won’t be. One reason is because the gene will shut off at different times for different people. This is a true teachable moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially since as a science educator I know that what makes science most interesting to a student is science about that student. Experiments that look at a student’s own nucleus are much more powerful than those that look at an onion’s or even some other person’s. Same thing with DNA isolation and a host of other experiments. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kind of genetic testing being done at Berkeley will excite and interest many of these students in genetics and genetic testing. This is critically important if we are to have a scientifically literate public capable of making the best informed decisions about genetic tests, vaccines, GM foods, evolution, cloning, etc. We also need such a public if we are to compete globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the test is not without some risk. There is always the danger that someone’s private DNA will be stolen and used against him or her. Another risk is that by testing such user friendly, well characterized DNA markers these students will come away thinking all genetic tests are like this. They’re not and hopefully this will become clear in the seminars and discussions that accompany the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now if the test had been on any genes that are disease related and/or not well characterized, I would have been opposed to this testing. In my opinion, the benefits to society and the students would not outweigh the risks to particular students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, I almost switched my vote back to opposed when I found out they are testing the MTHFR gene. This gene has been implicated in a number of conditions including an \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=84\">increased risk for miscarriage\u003c/a>. What changed my mind is that this is one of the few genetic tests where you can actually use the information to make a simple life style change to counteract its effects. A little extra B vitamins is all it takes to counteract the effects of having this marker (if the marker leads to problems in that student’s particular case).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t want people to come away thinking I am opposed to people knowing more about themselves. I’m not. But a fact without understanding is not knowledge, it is just a fact. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/06/Average_Andrews_Dorm_Room.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Now with free genetic testing!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley has decided to offer its 5500 incoming freshmen of the College of Letters and Sciences the chance at a free genetic test. And all hell has broken loose. Well, maybe not all hell but a bee’s nest has been stirred up at the very least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side are the folks who see no problem with this. Knowledge about oneself is the most important thing and any legal route to more knowledge is good. These tests are also a great way to teach college students about the wave of genetic testing that is about to wash over them and to get everyone talking about genetic tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side are people more leery of genetic testing. Genetic tests do not give as much information as advertised and are really hard to understand. They also worry that students will feel pressured to take the test and so it won’t be truly voluntary. Add to this concerns about genetic privacy, effects on student behavior, and acclimatizing people to genetic tests to support the genetic testing industry and you begin to see why there was such an outcry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I want to do is add my two cents. After looking over the details and thinking about it, I think this experiment is worth doing and as safe as anything like this can be. I also think it is an excellent way to get people more interested in and talking about genetics and genetic testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any of you who have read some of my previous stuff might be surprised by this. I tend to be pretty conservative when it comes to genetic testing because I think by and large it is oversold. Most genetic tests can’t tell you as much as the companies tell you they can. They are hard to understand and you need a deep understanding to really figure out what they can and can’t tell you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t true for every genetic test. Especially not for the one that UCB is offering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test will look at three different genes to figure out whether a student has a DNA change that might affect their ability to: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1)\tDigest lactose (lactase gene)\u003cbr>\n2)\tMetabolize folate (MTHFR gene)\u003cbr>\n3)\tFlush when they drink alcohol (ALDH2 gene). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By and large these tests are pretty benign but still offer great opportunities for discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, most people in the world can’t digest dairy as an adult because their lactase gene shuts off. Around 25% of people have a DNA change that keeps the gene on into adulthood. The test will reveal whether a student has that change or not. Hardly life altering stuff!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it does offer a chance to talk about genes and genetic tests. Many of the students who test as lactose intolerant won’t be. One reason is because the gene will shut off at different times for different people. This is a true teachable moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially since as a science educator I know that what makes science most interesting to a student is science about that student. Experiments that look at a student’s own nucleus are much more powerful than those that look at an onion’s or even some other person’s. Same thing with DNA isolation and a host of other experiments. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kind of genetic testing being done at Berkeley will excite and interest many of these students in genetics and genetic testing. This is critically important if we are to have a scientifically literate public capable of making the best informed decisions about genetic tests, vaccines, GM foods, evolution, cloning, etc. We also need such a public if we are to compete globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the test is not without some risk. There is always the danger that someone’s private DNA will be stolen and used against him or her. Another risk is that by testing such user friendly, well characterized DNA markers these students will come away thinking all genetic tests are like this. They’re not and hopefully this will become clear in the seminars and discussions that accompany the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now if the test had been on any genes that are disease related and/or not well characterized, I would have been opposed to this testing. In my opinion, the benefits to society and the students would not outweigh the risks to particular students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, I almost switched my vote back to opposed when I found out they are testing the MTHFR gene. This gene has been implicated in a number of conditions including an \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=84\">increased risk for miscarriage\u003c/a>. What changed my mind is that this is one of the few genetic tests where you can actually use the information to make a simple life style change to counteract its effects. A little extra B vitamins is all it takes to counteract the effects of having this marker (if the marker leads to problems in that student’s particular case).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t want people to come away thinking I am opposed to people knowing more about themselves. I’m not. But a fact without understanding is not knowledge, it is just a fact. And given the complexity of many of these genetic tests, a set of facts is all most people can get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More information:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/05/28/berkeley\">An article from Inside Higher Ed\u003c/a>:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://onthesamepage.berkeley.edu/\">From the UCB “On the Same Page” site\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.councilforresponsiblegenetics.org/\">From the Council for Responsible Genetics\u003c/a> (check out “Current Developments”)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://chronicle.com/article/Welcome-Freshmen-DNA-Swabs/65729/\">Article from a Berkeley professor who opposes doing this\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/lower-russian-river-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"We go to the river's edge for comfort, spiritual renewal, meditation, solitude; we go to the river to feel and know the continuance of life.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>- Henry David Thoreau\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River has been a favorite destination for generations of San Franciscans looking to get away from the rolling chill of the seasonal fog. It’s also a popular get-away for inland Bay Area residents looking for a watery escape from the summer heat. But for people more familiar with the middle stretches of the river, venturing into the lower Russian River might offer a surprise or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploring the lower Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner by the Sea, you are just as likely to meet animals such as North American River Otters, Harbor Seals or Pacific Pond Turtles as you are to see another person on the river. Bird lovers marvel as Barn Swallows zip by overhead, Osprey call from their nests and Great Blue Heron fish in the shallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also an excellent place to study the river’s ecology. Since all the runoff in the watershed, from pristine wilderness to agriculture and developed areas such as Santa Rosa, makes its way to and through this one spot, scientists can use the river as a living laboratory for how our human activities affect the water quality of the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is an extraordinarily wild place in the backyard of the bustling Bay Area that we encourage you to explore. Leave nothing, take only photos and, as they say up the river, \"Memories that linger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Location and Directions to Duncans Mills & Jenner.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From Hwy 101 at Santa Rosa, CA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Take River Road Exit west to Russian River Resort Areas and Guerneville (go approx. 18 miles to Guerneville). At Guerneville continue straight on River Road / Hwy 116 for another 8 miles, past Monte Rio to Duncans Mills. (Jenner and the Pacific Coast is another 5 miles down river.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Directions From Pacific Coast Hwy 1\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Traveling North on Hwy 1, Cross the Russian River at Bridgehaven, make right onto Hwy 116 toward Russian River Resort Areas and continue upriver 4 miles to Duncans Mills. To get to Jenner, make a left after the bridge and travel up Coast Hwy 1 for one mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Boat Put-in & Take-out Locations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Public access to the Russian River is surprisingly limited. 95 percent of the entire watershed is private property. Professional river guides and outfitters can make arrangements for the start and finish your trek and can supply shuttle, and portage for your boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explore the lower Russian River on your own, probably the most convenient place to put in your boat is at the Casini Ranch Family Campground, just across and up river from Duncans Mills. There is a $3 day-use fee. For more information contact: 1 (800) 451-8400 or E-mail: reservations@casiniranch.com\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take-out is at the Jenner boat launch near the Visitor Center in Jenner, CA, at the mouth of the Russian River, off HWY 1. There is no fee and ample parking is available. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is doing our Exploration in reverse by putting in at the Jenner boat launch, and paddling up river to Duncans Mills. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>River Guides and Boat Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>WaterTreks EcoTours & Jenner Kayak Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Toll Free:1-888-865-2249\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.watertreks.com/\">http://www.watertreks.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were guided on our Exploration by Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours in Jenner, CA. Suki is a local guide, naturalist and kayak instructor whose roots in the area go back generations to her Native American ancestors. She has been working with the public in outdoor recreation, education and safety on The Russian River since 1979. WaterTreks provided us with kayaks and gear, as well as safety, expertise and fun company on the river. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Russian River Outfitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>1-877-775-2925\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com/\">http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nKayak and Canoe rentals at Duncan’s Mills, CA. Russian River Outfitters can also provide experienced river guides and instruction, as well as a shuttle service and boat portage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clothing and Outfitting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you don't have your own gear, your professional river guide or outfitter can supply boats, paddles, life vests, dry bags and other equipment you will need. You should plan to supply your own enthusiasm, curiosity and sense of adventure. The Russian River is classified as class 1 waterway, meaning it is mild. However winds, tide, and currents can be unpredictable. Kayaking is not without risk, it is highly recommended that everyone wear a personal flotation device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the summertime, the wind can come up and the fog will roll in on the coast. The lower Russian River can turn quite chilly, even when it is warm inland. You will get wet. It is recommended to wear layers and a waterproof outer shell. Cotton clothing is not recommended as it tends to hold water and pull heat from your body when soaked. Water wicking fleece or other material is best for warmth. Shoes, such as sport sandals, that won’t get waterlogged are suggested. Bring sun protection. And a good tip is to have a warm set of clothes to change into after your day on The River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Food and Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping yourself fueled and hydrated is important You will be on the river for a few hours without access to resources. Bring water and some snacks packed in watertight bags or a small cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Communications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cell phone coverage is spotty at best in this section of the Russian River but it is still recommended that you keep a cell phone handy in case of emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nearby Open Space Attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Long sandy beaches below rugged headlands, a craggy coastline with natural arches and secluded coves are features that make \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=451\" target=\"_blank\">Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/a> one of California's most scenic attractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of The River from Jenner, is Sonoma Coast State Park. Mostly known for its beaches, one of the highlights for those who love the outdoors is Pomo Canyon. A former Pomo-Miwok trade route, this 3 mile hike takes you from the redwood glens near Willow Creek, up and over the grassy hillside and down to the coast at Shell Beach. It's considered by many to be one of the prettiest hikes in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The serene, majestic beauty of this Grove is a living reminder of the magnificent primeval redwood forest that covered much of this area before logging operations began during the 19th century.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 800 acres of magnificent Sequoia sempervirens, commonly known as the Coast Redwood are preserved near Guerneville, CA. Armstrong Grove is a favorite place to escape the heat of summer and bask in the shade of an old growth forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient Coast Redwood is the tallest living thing in the world. Some coast redwoods are more than 2000 years old and tower over 350 feet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=450\" target=\"_blank\">Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/a> offers self-guided nature trails, a visitor's center and a variety of picnic facilities. The tallest tree you’ll encounter in the park is called the \"Parson Jones Tree\" measuring more than 310 feet in height. The oldest tree here is the stately \"Colonel Armstrong Tree,\" estimated to be over 1400 years old. It is named after a benevolent lumberman who chose to preserve this portion of the park in the 1870's. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a trail map, see:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\">http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to Jenny Donovan and Rich Lawton of the California State Parks, Jessica Martini-Lamb of the Sonoma County Water Agency, as well as Michele Luna and Annie Cresswell from the Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods for assisting us on this project. And a special thanks to our guide, Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours, for taking us on this wonderful paddle and showing us all that the Lower Russian River has to offer!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cruising Down The River: A Paddle Exploration of the Lower Russian River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172849/\" title=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4030/4667172849_bbb74055e5_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there some day.\"- A. A. Milne, Pooh's Little Instruction Book. Photo provided by George Scott Zastrow Photography\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River begins its ramblings in the northern California redwood forests of Mendocino County, gently flowing south through Sonoma County, past lush vineyards and the towns of Geyserville, Healdsburg and Guerneville, before turning and winding its way to the Pacific Ocean. The river is a popular summertime destination for Bay Area residents and is also home to a vibrant and diverse wildlife community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the wildest spots on the main stem of the Russian River is near its mouth where the river meets the sea. Here at the estuary the waters widen and the influences of two dynamic ecosystems merge. We have explored estuary environments before, discovering their beauty, learning about the fluctuating environment, the impact of human interaction and the challenges of restoration. But for this Quest Exploration we trade in our walking sticks for kayak paddles. The only way to be fully immersed in the river environment is to take to the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A young steelhead jumps at a dragonfly, an Osprey lands in its nest above, a family of river otters frolics along the riverbanks. The river is a verdant but fragile part of California's natural heritage. Exploring the lower stretch of the Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner, provides a micro-climate glimpse of the varied river terrain; winding from the warm inland mountains and forests, past breezy oaks, willows and grasslands, to fog-draped Tule marshes and coastal dunes. And as we slowly drift down the river, the aquatic ecosystems are changing too, from fresh to salty brackish water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172551/\" title=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4047/4667172551_2cdcba2541_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" alt=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Russian River Tule Perch, (Hysterocarpus traskii pomo), is the only genetically endemic (biologically native) fish in the Russian River.\u003c/em> When we think of rivers we usually just think of the main stem, the stream we see flowing in the waterway. But rivers begin at the tops of mountains. The whole area of land that drains into a river is called the watershed. The Russian River watershed encompasses 1485 square miles of mountains and valleys, forests and agriculture, cities and towns, 95 percent of which is private property. All of the water running off this land makes its way into and down the 110 mile stretch of the main stem before finally meeting the Pacific Ocean at Jenner, California. The river supplies drinking water for over a half million people in Mendocino, Sonoma and Marin counties while during the summer it is also one of the most heavily used rivers for canoeing and kayaking in the nation. The river provides critical habitat for birds and other wildlife, as well as many species of fish including three endangered salmonid species and the endemic Russian River Tule Perch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area of the river that we are exploring is located within the coastal fog belt of the outer North Coast Ranges. Here cool, moist, maritime conditions contrast the warmer dryer continental climate of the inland watershed. Tree species such as Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and Pacific Madrone (A. menziesii) dominate the forested landscape. The south-facing slopes and ridgelines are quilted with upland Coastal Prairie that serves as a reminder of the once vast and diverse grassland that stretched along the northern California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old-timers tell tales of the Russian River at a time when the redwood trees growing along the riverbanks were so huge, their branches stretched across the entire river, touching in the middle, and creating a shaded tunnel that the cool water gently flowed through. Today most of the big trees are long gone, but the second and third-growth timbers still provide homes for waterfowl, eagles, owls, osprey, heron and a host of other birdlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native riparian plant communities support a high level of biological diversity and are particularly important to the life cycle of fish such as endangered salmon. The native vegetation also helps control erosion during the winter flood stages and can mitigate over-sedimentation of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On our paddle we glided past an osprey and great blue heron roosting site that is testament to a thriving river environment. In one 50-yard stretch we could see at least four large osprey nests, each with a courting pair calling out to one another as they were busy rearing this year's young brood. The success of these fish-eating raptors, at the top of the river food chain, is encouraging, showing a thriving food-web of fish and invertebrates in the aquatic ecosystem below the nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we enter the estuary and approach historic Penny Island, The river begins a transformation both readily seen and unseen. Scientists from the Sonoma County Water Agency and National Marine Fisheries Service are now actively studying this region. 12 data collection stations have been installed in the estuary, taking readings of the salinity and water temperature and measuring the levels of bacteria and oxygen in the river. The scientists are also working with the USGS to test for pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and wastewater residue in the estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River estuary has an incredibly rich biodiversity. Over 50 species of fish have been identified in the lagoon, including Chinook Salmon, Tule Perch, Starry Flounder, American Shad and Bay Pipefish. The estuary is a nursery and particularly important for fish such as young steelhead who use this area to grow and adapt to saltwater before entering the ocean. It's this mixing of two distinct ecosystems that makes the estuary environment so vibrant; a confluence of life where an upriver animal such as the Northern River Otter, might interact with an ocean species such as a harbor seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the tale \"The Wind in the Willows\" Rat said of the river, \"It's my world, and I don't want any other. What it hasn't got is not worth having, and what it doesn't know is not worth knowing. Lord! The times we've had together!\" Ever changing, ever moving, always full of surprises, maybe the pre-Socratic philosopher Heraclitus said it best, \"you never set foot in the same river twice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1408535@N24\">Lower Russian River photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriverwatershed.net/\">Russian River Watershed Council\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2009/around-the-bend\">Bay Nature: Paddling the Russian River's Middle Reach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa.ca.gov/\">Sonoma County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast Redwoods\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Russian River originates in the redwood forests of Mendocino County and winds its way gently south thorough Sonoma County. One of the wildest spots on the main stem of the Russian River is towards the end, near its mouth. Here the waters widen, fresh water mixing with the tidal flows of the ocean, and the influences of two dynamic ecosystems merge. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/lower-russian-river-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"We go to the river's edge for comfort, spiritual renewal, meditation, solitude; we go to the river to feel and know the continuance of life.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>- Henry David Thoreau\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River has been a favorite destination for generations of San Franciscans looking to get away from the rolling chill of the seasonal fog. It’s also a popular get-away for inland Bay Area residents looking for a watery escape from the summer heat. But for people more familiar with the middle stretches of the river, venturing into the lower Russian River might offer a surprise or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploring the lower Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner by the Sea, you are just as likely to meet animals such as North American River Otters, Harbor Seals or Pacific Pond Turtles as you are to see another person on the river. Bird lovers marvel as Barn Swallows zip by overhead, Osprey call from their nests and Great Blue Heron fish in the shallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also an excellent place to study the river’s ecology. Since all the runoff in the watershed, from pristine wilderness to agriculture and developed areas such as Santa Rosa, makes its way to and through this one spot, scientists can use the river as a living laboratory for how our human activities affect the water quality of the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is an extraordinarily wild place in the backyard of the bustling Bay Area that we encourage you to explore. Leave nothing, take only photos and, as they say up the river, \"Memories that linger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Location and Directions to Duncans Mills & Jenner.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From Hwy 101 at Santa Rosa, CA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Take River Road Exit west to Russian River Resort Areas and Guerneville (go approx. 18 miles to Guerneville). At Guerneville continue straight on River Road / Hwy 116 for another 8 miles, past Monte Rio to Duncans Mills. (Jenner and the Pacific Coast is another 5 miles down river.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Directions From Pacific Coast Hwy 1\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Traveling North on Hwy 1, Cross the Russian River at Bridgehaven, make right onto Hwy 116 toward Russian River Resort Areas and continue upriver 4 miles to Duncans Mills. To get to Jenner, make a left after the bridge and travel up Coast Hwy 1 for one mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Boat Put-in & Take-out Locations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Public access to the Russian River is surprisingly limited. 95 percent of the entire watershed is private property. Professional river guides and outfitters can make arrangements for the start and finish your trek and can supply shuttle, and portage for your boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explore the lower Russian River on your own, probably the most convenient place to put in your boat is at the Casini Ranch Family Campground, just across and up river from Duncans Mills. There is a $3 day-use fee. For more information contact: 1 (800) 451-8400 or E-mail: reservations@casiniranch.com\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take-out is at the Jenner boat launch near the Visitor Center in Jenner, CA, at the mouth of the Russian River, off HWY 1. There is no fee and ample parking is available. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is doing our Exploration in reverse by putting in at the Jenner boat launch, and paddling up river to Duncans Mills. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>River Guides and Boat Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>WaterTreks EcoTours & Jenner Kayak Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Toll Free:1-888-865-2249\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.watertreks.com/\">http://www.watertreks.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were guided on our Exploration by Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours in Jenner, CA. Suki is a local guide, naturalist and kayak instructor whose roots in the area go back generations to her Native American ancestors. She has been working with the public in outdoor recreation, education and safety on The Russian River since 1979. WaterTreks provided us with kayaks and gear, as well as safety, expertise and fun company on the river. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Russian River Outfitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>1-877-775-2925\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com/\">http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nKayak and Canoe rentals at Duncan’s Mills, CA. Russian River Outfitters can also provide experienced river guides and instruction, as well as a shuttle service and boat portage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clothing and Outfitting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you don't have your own gear, your professional river guide or outfitter can supply boats, paddles, life vests, dry bags and other equipment you will need. You should plan to supply your own enthusiasm, curiosity and sense of adventure. The Russian River is classified as class 1 waterway, meaning it is mild. However winds, tide, and currents can be unpredictable. Kayaking is not without risk, it is highly recommended that everyone wear a personal flotation device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the summertime, the wind can come up and the fog will roll in on the coast. The lower Russian River can turn quite chilly, even when it is warm inland. You will get wet. It is recommended to wear layers and a waterproof outer shell. Cotton clothing is not recommended as it tends to hold water and pull heat from your body when soaked. Water wicking fleece or other material is best for warmth. Shoes, such as sport sandals, that won’t get waterlogged are suggested. Bring sun protection. And a good tip is to have a warm set of clothes to change into after your day on The River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Food and Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping yourself fueled and hydrated is important You will be on the river for a few hours without access to resources. Bring water and some snacks packed in watertight bags or a small cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Communications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cell phone coverage is spotty at best in this section of the Russian River but it is still recommended that you keep a cell phone handy in case of emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nearby Open Space Attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Long sandy beaches below rugged headlands, a craggy coastline with natural arches and secluded coves are features that make \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=451\" target=\"_blank\">Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/a> one of California's most scenic attractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of The River from Jenner, is Sonoma Coast State Park. Mostly known for its beaches, one of the highlights for those who love the outdoors is Pomo Canyon. A former Pomo-Miwok trade route, this 3 mile hike takes you from the redwood glens near Willow Creek, up and over the grassy hillside and down to the coast at Shell Beach. It's considered by many to be one of the prettiest hikes in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The serene, majestic beauty of this Grove is a living reminder of the magnificent primeval redwood forest that covered much of this area before logging operations began during the 19th century.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 800 acres of magnificent Sequoia sempervirens, commonly known as the Coast Redwood are preserved near Guerneville, CA. Armstrong Grove is a favorite place to escape the heat of summer and bask in the shade of an old growth forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient Coast Redwood is the tallest living thing in the world. Some coast redwoods are more than 2000 years old and tower over 350 feet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=450\" target=\"_blank\">Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/a> offers self-guided nature trails, a visitor's center and a variety of picnic facilities. The tallest tree you’ll encounter in the park is called the \"Parson Jones Tree\" measuring more than 310 feet in height. The oldest tree here is the stately \"Colonel Armstrong Tree,\" estimated to be over 1400 years old. It is named after a benevolent lumberman who chose to preserve this portion of the park in the 1870's. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a trail map, see:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\">http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to Jenny Donovan and Rich Lawton of the California State Parks, Jessica Martini-Lamb of the Sonoma County Water Agency, as well as Michele Luna and Annie Cresswell from the Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods for assisting us on this project. And a special thanks to our guide, Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours, for taking us on this wonderful paddle and showing us all that the Lower Russian River has to offer!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cruising Down The River: A Paddle Exploration of the Lower Russian River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172849/\" title=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4030/4667172849_bbb74055e5_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there some day.\"- A. A. Milne, Pooh's Little Instruction Book. Photo provided by George Scott Zastrow Photography\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River begins its ramblings in the northern California redwood forests of Mendocino County, gently flowing south through Sonoma County, past lush vineyards and the towns of Geyserville, Healdsburg and Guerneville, before turning and winding its way to the Pacific Ocean. The river is a popular summertime destination for Bay Area residents and is also home to a vibrant and diverse wildlife community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the wildest spots on the main stem of the Russian River is near its mouth where the river meets the sea. Here at the estuary the waters widen and the influences of two dynamic ecosystems merge. We have explored estuary environments before, discovering their beauty, learning about the fluctuating environment, the impact of human interaction and the challenges of restoration. But for this Quest Exploration we trade in our walking sticks for kayak paddles. The only way to be fully immersed in the river environment is to take to the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A young steelhead jumps at a dragonfly, an Osprey lands in its nest above, a family of river otters frolics along the riverbanks. The river is a verdant but fragile part of California's natural heritage. Exploring the lower stretch of the Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner, provides a micro-climate glimpse of the varied river terrain; winding from the warm inland mountains and forests, past breezy oaks, willows and grasslands, to fog-draped Tule marshes and coastal dunes. And as we slowly drift down the river, the aquatic ecosystems are changing too, from fresh to salty brackish water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172551/\" title=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4047/4667172551_2cdcba2541_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" alt=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Russian River Tule Perch, (Hysterocarpus traskii pomo), is the only genetically endemic (biologically native) fish in the Russian River.\u003c/em> When we think of rivers we usually just think of the main stem, the stream we see flowing in the waterway. But rivers begin at the tops of mountains. The whole area of land that drains into a river is called the watershed. The Russian River watershed encompasses 1485 square miles of mountains and valleys, forests and agriculture, cities and towns, 95 percent of which is private property. All of the water running off this land makes its way into and down the 110 mile stretch of the main stem before finally meeting the Pacific Ocean at Jenner, California. The river supplies drinking water for over a half million people in Mendocino, Sonoma and Marin counties while during the summer it is also one of the most heavily used rivers for canoeing and kayaking in the nation. The river provides critical habitat for birds and other wildlife, as well as many species of fish including three endangered salmonid species and the endemic Russian River Tule Perch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area of the river that we are exploring is located within the coastal fog belt of the outer North Coast Ranges. Here cool, moist, maritime conditions contrast the warmer dryer continental climate of the inland watershed. Tree species such as Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and Pacific Madrone (A. menziesii) dominate the forested landscape. The south-facing slopes and ridgelines are quilted with upland Coastal Prairie that serves as a reminder of the once vast and diverse grassland that stretched along the northern California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old-timers tell tales of the Russian River at a time when the redwood trees growing along the riverbanks were so huge, their branches stretched across the entire river, touching in the middle, and creating a shaded tunnel that the cool water gently flowed through. Today most of the big trees are long gone, but the second and third-growth timbers still provide homes for waterfowl, eagles, owls, osprey, heron and a host of other birdlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native riparian plant communities support a high level of biological diversity and are particularly important to the life cycle of fish such as endangered salmon. The native vegetation also helps control erosion during the winter flood stages and can mitigate over-sedimentation of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On our paddle we glided past an osprey and great blue heron roosting site that is testament to a thriving river environment. In one 50-yard stretch we could see at least four large osprey nests, each with a courting pair calling out to one another as they were busy rearing this year's young brood. The success of these fish-eating raptors, at the top of the river food chain, is encouraging, showing a thriving food-web of fish and invertebrates in the aquatic ecosystem below the nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we enter the estuary and approach historic Penny Island, The river begins a transformation both readily seen and unseen. Scientists from the Sonoma County Water Agency and National Marine Fisheries Service are now actively studying this region. 12 data collection stations have been installed in the estuary, taking readings of the salinity and water temperature and measuring the levels of bacteria and oxygen in the river. The scientists are also working with the USGS to test for pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and wastewater residue in the estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River estuary has an incredibly rich biodiversity. Over 50 species of fish have been identified in the lagoon, including Chinook Salmon, Tule Perch, Starry Flounder, American Shad and Bay Pipefish. The estuary is a nursery and particularly important for fish such as young steelhead who use this area to grow and adapt to saltwater before entering the ocean. It's this mixing of two distinct ecosystems that makes the estuary environment so vibrant; a confluence of life where an upriver animal such as the Northern River Otter, might interact with an ocean species such as a harbor seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the tale \"The Wind in the Willows\" Rat said of the river, \"It's my world, and I don't want any other. What it hasn't got is not worth having, and what it doesn't know is not worth knowing. Lord! The times we've had together!\" Ever changing, ever moving, always full of surprises, maybe the pre-Socratic philosopher Heraclitus said it best, \"you never set foot in the same river twice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1408535@N24\">Lower Russian River photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriverwatershed.net/\">Russian River Watershed Council\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2009/around-the-bend\">Bay Nature: Paddling the Russian River's Middle Reach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa.ca.gov/\">Sonoma County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast Redwoods\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What are the longest animals in the world? Hint: you’ve most likely never heard of them. They glow in the dark and have many stomachs, mouths and tentacles – sometimes hundreds. They’re about the width of a broomstick, but they can grow to be more than 100 feet long. So although blue whales are bulkier, some species of this marine animal are longer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6017\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/nur010063001.jpg\" alt=\"The longest animals in the world aren’t what you’d imagine.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6017\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The longest animals in the world aren’t what you’d imagine.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’re called \u003ca href=\"http://siphonophores.org/\">siphonophores \u003c/a>(that’s pronounced sigh-FAWN-oh-for) and they’re cousins to the jellyfish you can see at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. Aliens, giant caterpillars, tropical flowers: siphonophores resemble all three. And in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/amazing-jellies--siphonophores2\">today’s QUEST television story\u003c/a> you’ll have a unique opportunity to see footage of the siphonophores that live in the Monterey Bay, courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s story also features a behind-the-scenes visit to the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s jellyfish exhibit. And I can promise you that you’ve never seen the orange sea nettles in the giant blue tank quite like you’ll see them in this story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What are the longest animals in the world? Hint: you’ve most likely never heard of them. They glow in the dark and have many stomachs, mouths and tentacles – sometimes hundreds. They’re about the width of a broomstick, but they can grow to be more than 100 feet long. So although blue whales are bulkier, some species of this marine animal are longer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6017\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/nur010063001.jpg\" alt=\"The longest animals in the world aren’t what you’d imagine.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6017\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The longest animals in the world aren’t what you’d imagine.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’re called \u003ca href=\"http://siphonophores.org/\">siphonophores \u003c/a>(that’s pronounced sigh-FAWN-oh-for) and they’re cousins to the jellyfish you can see at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. Aliens, giant caterpillars, tropical flowers: siphonophores resemble all three. And in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/amazing-jellies--siphonophores2\">today’s QUEST television story\u003c/a> you’ll have a unique opportunity to see footage of the siphonophores that live in the Monterey Bay, courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s story also features a behind-the-scenes visit to the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s jellyfish exhibit. And I can promise you that you’ve never seen the orange sea nettles in the giant blue tank quite like you’ll see them in this story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/FileNeandertaler-im-Museum300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Hello, Grandpa!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No this isn’t Will Ferrell’s latest comedy or a new ad from Geico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/328/5979/710\">New research\u003c/a> shows that Europeans and Asians have a bit of Neanderthal in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways this result was surprising. Not because my ancestors and Neanderthals didn’t have the opportunity to hook up. They did. Humans and Neanderthals overlapped in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East tens of thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was surprising about this latest research is that most of the previous data argued against human-Neanderthal hanky panky. For example, extensive searching showed \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=59\">no Neanderthal DNA in our mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>. And almost all of the fossil evidence argued against interbreeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big exception was a skeleton found in Portugal. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/96/13/7604.full\">skeleton\u003c/a> looked so much like a mix between Neanderthal and human that some scientists thought that is exactly what it was. And they may have been right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of weeks ago a German group announced that they had figured out about 60% of the DNA from three Neanderthal bones. They took this DNA and compared it to one San from Southern Africa, one Yoruba from West Africa, one Papua New Guinean, one Han Chinese, and one French person from Western Europe. They could see Neanderthal DNA in the European and Asian DNA but not in the African DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European and Asian result is probably pretty solid but the African result will need lots more data to back it up. With so few Africans tested, a negative result might just mean that the scientists happened to find some Africans who by chance have no Neanderthal left in their DNA. They’ll need to check out a whole lot more African DNA to really nail down this result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was most interesting to me about all of this is that after tens of thousands of years, scientists could still see Neanderthal DNA in human DNA. After something like 3000 generations of dilution, I would have guessed that if the DNA didn’t matter, scientists wouldn’t be able to see it anymore. So maybe the DNA that was left is important somehow. More research will need to be done to show whether this is the case or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll also be interested to see if red hair came from Neanderthals or not. Around ten years ago there was some speculation that it may have. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red hair is caused by changes in the MC1R gene. And there seem to be way too many of these changes in the MC1R gene of Europeans for them to have arisen in just the 40,000-50,000 years that humans have lived in Europe. One explanation for where all of these changes came from is our cousins the Neanderthals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neanderthals were in Europe for a much longer time than humans were and so there was more time for MC1R mutations to accumulate. So maybe all the MC1R changes we see in Europeans came from their Neanderthal ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists did find that some Neanderthals had red hair. But the one change they’ve found in the Neanderthal MC1R gene is different from any yet found in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figuring out more Neanderthal and human MC1R genes should help resolve this issue. Who knows, maybe the red highlights in my beard and my wife’s freckles came from our shared Neanderthal past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/FileNeandertaler-im-Museum300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Hello, Grandpa!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No this isn’t Will Ferrell’s latest comedy or a new ad from Geico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/328/5979/710\">New research\u003c/a> shows that Europeans and Asians have a bit of Neanderthal in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways this result was surprising. Not because my ancestors and Neanderthals didn’t have the opportunity to hook up. They did. Humans and Neanderthals overlapped in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East tens of thousands of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was surprising about this latest research is that most of the previous data argued against human-Neanderthal hanky panky. For example, extensive searching showed \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=59\">no Neanderthal DNA in our mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>. And almost all of the fossil evidence argued against interbreeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big exception was a skeleton found in Portugal. This \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/96/13/7604.full\">skeleton\u003c/a> looked so much like a mix between Neanderthal and human that some scientists thought that is exactly what it was. And they may have been right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of weeks ago a German group announced that they had figured out about 60% of the DNA from three Neanderthal bones. They took this DNA and compared it to one San from Southern Africa, one Yoruba from West Africa, one Papua New Guinean, one Han Chinese, and one French person from Western Europe. They could see Neanderthal DNA in the European and Asian DNA but not in the African DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European and Asian result is probably pretty solid but the African result will need lots more data to back it up. With so few Africans tested, a negative result might just mean that the scientists happened to find some Africans who by chance have no Neanderthal left in their DNA. They’ll need to check out a whole lot more African DNA to really nail down this result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was most interesting to me about all of this is that after tens of thousands of years, scientists could still see Neanderthal DNA in human DNA. After something like 3000 generations of dilution, I would have guessed that if the DNA didn’t matter, scientists wouldn’t be able to see it anymore. So maybe the DNA that was left is important somehow. More research will need to be done to show whether this is the case or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ll also be interested to see if red hair came from Neanderthals or not. Around ten years ago there was some speculation that it may have. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red hair is caused by changes in the MC1R gene. And there seem to be way too many of these changes in the MC1R gene of Europeans for them to have arisen in just the 40,000-50,000 years that humans have lived in Europe. One explanation for where all of these changes came from is our cousins the Neanderthals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neanderthals were in Europe for a much longer time than humans were and so there was more time for MC1R mutations to accumulate. So maybe all the MC1R changes we see in Europeans came from their Neanderthal ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists did find that some Neanderthals had red hair. But the one change they’ve found in the Neanderthal MC1R gene is different from any yet found in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Figuring out more Neanderthal and human MC1R genes should help resolve this issue. Who knows, maybe the red highlights in my beard and my wife’s freckles came from our shared Neanderthal past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Producer's Notes: Skulls at Cal Academy",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\nSo what should you do if you find a marine mammal stranded on the beach? If it is dead, call Moe Flannery & company at 415-379-5381 and they will try to salvage it for research. You can also report your finding via email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:marinemammals@calacademy.org\">marinemammals@calacademy.org\u003c/a>. If it is still alive, please call the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a> at 415-289-SEAL (415-289-7325) – they will come down and try to rescue it. Make sure to note where and when you found the stranded marine mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/05/ws103_skulls300_blog_new.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy shows us some jaws that didn’t move too well in life.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>If a dead marine mammal washes up on our beaches, from Bodega Bay to Año Nuevo, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om\">California Academy of Sciences Department of Ornithology & Mammalogy\u003c/a> gets a call. They’ve been part of the \u003ca href=\"http://research.calacademy.org/om/mmsn\">Marine Mammal Stranding Network\u003c/a> since 1982, a federal research program run by the National Marine Fisheries Service to investigate strandings, conduct biological monitoring, and coordinate the collection of specimens for study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST recently went across town to spend the afternoon with Moe Flannery, Collections Manager for Ornithology & Mammalogy at Cal Academy. She invited us over for a bit of sleuthing with some of her favorite skull & bone specimens from the sea. By comparing the skulls of healthy animals to those who met an untimely death, and factoring in evidence from the report and scene of the stranding, Moe can often formulate a story of what may have happened to the animal, as well as surmise larger patterns in it’s population and ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We started with California Sea Lions \u003cem>(Zalophus californianus)\u003c/em>, an abundant pinniped in our Northern California waters. The Cal Academy has over 28,500 mammal specimens in their vast collection, including 3000 California sea lion skulls. Some of the specimens– such as those with injuries (such as shark bites or broken bones) or congenital deformities, certainly pulled at my heartstrings, But, seeing animals that had been killed (or had their death hastened) due to “human interaction” definitely got my hackles up. In our video we take a look at 2 examples of human interaction, but sadly they are not the only two examples in the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My favorite skull by far was the beastly and beautiful adult male Northern Elephant Seal \u003cem>(Mirounga angustirostris)\u003c/em>. Although they are no slouch with the flesh intact, without such they made the black bear skull on the table look positively puny. At up to 14 feet long and 5,000 pounds in size, they are in fact the largest mammal breeding in the San Francisco Bay area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most fascinating skulls we saw in the Cal Academy collection actually did not make it into our video. At one point during our behind-the-scenes tour, Moe had us help her pull down a heavy, coffin-shaped wooden box. She opened the top to reveal a 5-plus-foot-long skull of an elderly female Killer Whale \u003cem>(Orcinus orca)\u003c/em>. Although associated more with the Northwest, orcas are found off of our shores as well, and every once in a while wash up on the beach. Moe was able to guess at the age in part by looking at the condition of the teeth. The teeth of the lower jaw were worn down to mere nubs, that would have likely been sitting at or below the gum line. Not much use for catching fish. It is surprising that she was able to live that long without a decent bite, but given the high level of social organization in orca pods, perhaps not. Some researchers have observed these whales sharing their catch with each other. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>In this Episode\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In our second episode of Science on the SPOT, join us on a behind-the-scenes trip deep into the massive collection of marine mammal skulls at the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You’d be surprised how much you can learn about an animal’s life– and death– by reading their bones. For your viewing pleasure, we’ve embedded a blog-sized version here. If you’d like to embed it on your blog (pretty please), go to the story page and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-skulls-at-the-cal-academy\">grab the embed code\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
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