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"content": "\u003cp>Ants used to creep me out. But over the last few months, I and several other QUEST producers have definitely become ant-lovers. The study of ants is called “myrmecology” so perhaps we could be considered “myrmecophiles”. Whatever it’s called, we can’t get enough of them. Ever since a story meeting with the California Academy of Sciences in November 2009 when they told us about their “amazing” ant researcher, Brian Fisher and the work he’s doing locally as well as in Madagascar with ants, we’ve been smitten with the Family Formicidae. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since that Cal Academy meeting, QUEST has created six distinct ant-related pieces of content. Lauren Sommer decided to do a radio report right away. I distinctly remember the excitement on her face when she came back from her first meeting with Brian Fisher. She stopped at my desk and said, “…you guys HAVE to do this story! The ants are SO AMAZING!” She especially liked their “little faces”. I have to admit, up to that point, I hadn’t really thought of ants as having faces. You need only check out \u003ca href=\"http://www.antweb.org/\">Ant Web\u003c/a> to see that not only do they have faces and hairdos, the world’s ant species have incredible morphological diversity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren produced a great radio report, “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/bay-area-ant-invasion\">Bay Area Ant Invasion\u003c/a>” about the invasive Argentine Ant “super-colony” in California that has pushed out most of the native ant species here. She also published a slide show along with her Producer’s Notes about “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/19/reporters-notes-bay-area-ant-invasion/\">Coping with Ants at Home\u003c/a>”. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just in time for the broadcast of my TV story, “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/07/13/ants-the-invisible-majority/\">Ants: The Invisible Majority\u003c/a>”, Lauren’s made a beautiful \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/interactive-map-ants-of-the-bay-area\">map\u003c/a> that features some of the top Bay Area ant researchers’ favorite native ants and personal notes about why they love them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the production of my TV story, we contacted the world’s foremost expert on ants, E.O. Wilson, on the off chance that he might be in the Bay Area during the time when we were shooting. To our delight, his answer was ‘yes’ and although we were not ultimately able to time it for inclusion in the QUEST segment, I was able to shoot an produce an interview segment with him for the KQED TV series, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/thisweek/watch/archive/226569/c\">This Week in Northern California\u003c/a>, in which he talks with me about his lifelong fascination with ants, his new novel, “Anthill” and what we can all do to save the natural world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Lindsay Kelliher produced a short but sweet TV segment with E.O. Wilson called “Why I Do Science” that focuses on how he first started studying ants. Look for that in QUEST episode 412 which airs on August 24th, 2010. I also want to mention the very first piece of ant content from QUEST Education Supervisor, Jessica Neely. Back in January 2008, she took a group of science teachers out ant pooting as part of our QUEST Science Education Institute. Check out her blog post called, “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/01/29/never-used-a-pooter/\">Never Used a Pooter?\u003c/a>” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what is it about ants that warrant all this QUEST attention? As Brian Fisher points out, we depend on ants for the health of terrestrial ecosystems. They are key players in the recycling of organic matter and without them, most ecosystems would collapse. But also, ants are just plain weird. They communicate with chemicals, live in complex social systems and do things like farming, herding and slave-making. And did you know that all of the ants in a colony are female? Yep. The males are bred up and live only long enough to mate and die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, I could go on. But I’ll restrain myself and let you peruse all the amazing ant materials that QUEST has created and compiled in the last few months and let you explore for yourself the wonderful world of ants. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/FileVaccination-of-girl300l.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Why aren’t more parents vaccinating their kids?\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough has reached epidemic proportions in the state of California. And it is hard to know who to be the maddest at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be mad at the parents who refuse to have their children vaccinated? Or the scientists who have failed to communicate the safety of vaccines to these parents? Or the bacterium itself since it tends to follow a cycle and get worse every 2-5 years? Or the state of California for being too cheap to provide booster shots for 11 and 12 year olds? Or the insurance companies for refusing to adequately reimburse the cost of a vaccine? As you can see, there is plenty of blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t do anything about the bacterium itself and little or nothing about the last two. Penny-wise and pound-foolish seems to be the modus operandi of government and the insurance industry. But it seems like other scientists and I should be able to do something about the first two. The question is what…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facts are out there. Vaccines are very safe and they do not cause autism. All the follow up studies have failed to find a link between autism and vaccines. And the doctor in the U.K. who published the original paper on the subject has had his license taken away because of the unethical way he did the original study. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is some risk of adverse side effects from a vaccine but they tend to be small. For example, the whooping cough or pertussis vaccine can sometimes lead to severe side effects like shock or brain inflammation. These only happen 1 in 10,000 and less than I in one million respectively. These are much better odds than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsgrowth.com/resources/articledetail.cfm?id=248\">1 in 200 kids\u003c/a> who died from whooping cough before the vaccine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why aren’t more parents vaccinating their kids? I have always thought that if people have the facts, then they will come to the “right” conclusion. But this is only true if someone can tell good facts from bad. And without training, this can be very difficult which means most folks need to trust the authorities who are reporting the facts. Unfortunately, as our UK doctor and countless others have shown, not all authorities can be trusted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Mooney is someone who thinks an awful lot about this stuff and in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/25/AR2010062502158.html?wprss=rss_technology\">Washington Post op-ed \u003c/a>he concluded that, “…based upon my observation, vaccine skepticism seems closely connected to distrust of the pharmaceutical industry and of the federal government's medical research establishment.” What this means is that the facts are out there and the people who don’t vaccinate their kids know about them, they just don’t trust the folks who did the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we don’t necessarily need more facts or getting the facts out there more comprehensively. We need some out-of-the-box thinking to get around this impasse. Here are three possibilities off the top of my head (note that I didn’t even try to come up with a way to gain trust in the pharmaceutical industry): \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1)\tBuild up trust in government agencies\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2)\tCircumvent government agencies by creating new scientifically reliable nongovernmental study groups \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3)\tIncrease the public’s scientific literacy\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the three, the best short term solution is probably to create some reliable alternative to government agencies on controversial sorts of issues like vaccinations. Perhaps something like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation could fund a group who would try to build consensus on the need for vaccinations and their relative safety compared to the diseases they protect us from. The group would include people opposed to vaccines like Jenny McCarthy, parents whose children have died from whooping cough, scientists with no stake in the discussion, etc. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe these people get together and start the discussion with the fact that, “In 1920 prior to the development of the ‘DPT’ vaccine, one in 200 children died of whooping cough.” Then they propose ways to solve this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most likely the solution will be vaccines but who knows, maybe people can come up with something better. If vaccines end up as the solution, then the next step is to figure out how to get more buy in for vaccination. Find out why people aren’t getting vaccinated and then build studies or policy suggestions around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If people think kids get too many vaccines too close together, then maybe alternative vaccination strategies should be made available. Maybe some people just get vaccines to the real killers and vaccines like chicken pox and maybe even the measles become optional. Would this get more people on board? Would this provide adequate safety for the public? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also find out what scientific studies this group wants done and by whom to show that vaccines do not cause autism. Then fund those studies and have people that Jenny McCarthy trusts to do the studies. The study would obviously need to be done by someone qualified to conduct such a study but still, get everyone as involved as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe we could push the pharmaceutical industry to create even safer vaccines. Or maybe have nongovernmental organization make the vaccine instead. If we have Pharma do it, then we’ll have to give them incentives. More profits (since profits on vaccines tend to be mighty low) or maybe some protection from lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, the take home message here is that unlike Joe Friday, most people need more than just the facts. They need for the facts to come from someone they trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201006250931\">Forum\u003c/a> discussion of the whooping cough epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is some risk of adverse side effects from a vaccine but they tend to be small. For example, the whooping cough or pertussis vaccine can sometimes lead to severe side effects like shock or brain inflammation. These only happen 1 in 10,000 and less than I in one million respectively. These are much better odds than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kidsgrowth.com/resources/articledetail.cfm?id=248\">1 in 200 kids\u003c/a> who died from whooping cough before the vaccine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why aren’t more parents vaccinating their kids? I have always thought that if people have the facts, then they will come to the “right” conclusion. But this is only true if someone can tell good facts from bad. And without training, this can be very difficult which means most folks need to trust the authorities who are reporting the facts. Unfortunately, as our UK doctor and countless others have shown, not all authorities can be trusted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Mooney is someone who thinks an awful lot about this stuff and in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/25/AR2010062502158.html?wprss=rss_technology\">Washington Post op-ed \u003c/a>he concluded that, “…based upon my observation, vaccine skepticism seems closely connected to distrust of the pharmaceutical industry and of the federal government's medical research establishment.” What this means is that the facts are out there and the people who don’t vaccinate their kids know about them, they just don’t trust the folks who did the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we don’t necessarily need more facts or getting the facts out there more comprehensively. We need some out-of-the-box thinking to get around this impasse. Here are three possibilities off the top of my head (note that I didn’t even try to come up with a way to gain trust in the pharmaceutical industry): \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1)\tBuild up trust in government agencies\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2)\tCircumvent government agencies by creating new scientifically reliable nongovernmental study groups \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3)\tIncrease the public’s scientific literacy\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the three, the best short term solution is probably to create some reliable alternative to government agencies on controversial sorts of issues like vaccinations. Perhaps something like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation could fund a group who would try to build consensus on the need for vaccinations and their relative safety compared to the diseases they protect us from. The group would include people opposed to vaccines like Jenny McCarthy, parents whose children have died from whooping cough, scientists with no stake in the discussion, etc. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe these people get together and start the discussion with the fact that, “In 1920 prior to the development of the ‘DPT’ vaccine, one in 200 children died of whooping cough.” Then they propose ways to solve this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most likely the solution will be vaccines but who knows, maybe people can come up with something better. If vaccines end up as the solution, then the next step is to figure out how to get more buy in for vaccination. Find out why people aren’t getting vaccinated and then build studies or policy suggestions around that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If people think kids get too many vaccines too close together, then maybe alternative vaccination strategies should be made available. Maybe some people just get vaccines to the real killers and vaccines like chicken pox and maybe even the measles become optional. Would this get more people on board? Would this provide adequate safety for the public? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also find out what scientific studies this group wants done and by whom to show that vaccines do not cause autism. Then fund those studies and have people that Jenny McCarthy trusts to do the studies. The study would obviously need to be done by someone qualified to conduct such a study but still, get everyone as involved as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe we could push the pharmaceutical industry to create even safer vaccines. Or maybe have nongovernmental organization make the vaccine instead. If we have Pharma do it, then we’ll have to give them incentives. More profits (since profits on vaccines tend to be mighty low) or maybe some protection from lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, the take home message here is that unlike Joe Friday, most people need more than just the facts. They need for the facts to come from someone they trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/epArchive/R201006250931\">Forum\u003c/a> discussion of the whooping cough epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/07/FileTwo-Banana-Slugs300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Banana Slugs are hermaphrodites, which means they are an animal that has both female and male reproductive parts\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty and Fabulous is the theme for Pride this year. San Francisco’s Pride Celebration and Parade has been going strong since 1970. Pride recognizes and celebrates the diversity that has put San Francisco on the map. NightLife at the California Academy of Sciences kicked off the Pride weekend with some help from Juanita MORE, Verasphere, SF Cheer and Jane Tollini. In prepping for the festivities and specifically Jane Tollini’s talk – “How Animals Get Down”, I had to research a specific Academy animal and its claim to fame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are a few of the tidbits I’ve learned about in my tenure at the Academy which prove equally intriguing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most popular docent cart at NightLife is the baculum cart. Baculums are penis bones that are found in most mammals. They range in sizes depending on the mammal and aid in sexual intercourse. One of the largest Baculums belong to the walrus and Alaskan native Americans would polish and carve these baculums for clubs or knife handles. They are known is there culture as Oosik. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banana Slugs are hermaphrodites, which means they are an animal that has both female and male reproductive parts. In some cases of mating, a male reproductive member will become stuck; if this happens it is chewed off and discarded; thus making the slug a female.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a species of Cichlids called the Cross Dressing Cichlids. In this species there are three sexes – a dominant male, a non-dominant male and a female. The beta male resembles the female and when the alpha male is protecting his female harem the beta male will mate with the females. It is also interesting to note males can change between dominant and non-dominant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clownfish live in small groups in a single anemone. They are one of only a few species of fish that are immune to the anemone’s toxicity. Within a group of Clownfish there is a breeding pair that cohabitate with smaller non-breeding males. When the female dies, the dominant male changes sex and becomes the female. This strategy is defined as sequential hermaphroditism. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penguins like most birds, reptiles and amphibians reproduce by what’s known as a cloacal kiss. The cloaca is a single orifice that is used for many functions; namely, urinating, defecating and mating. Thus, both male and female penguins have cloacas. Mating is achieved by bringing the cloacas together to touch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often it is very difficult to sex a snake as all the reproductive parts are internal. Biologists will use a special probe to determine the sex of a snake in captivity. Males have two members that protrude during mating calling hemepenes. Other than during mating, it is hard to tell the difference between a male and female. I learned this the hard way when I went to pull out a Ball Python for an outreach program. It was curled around its cage mate and I realized too late that they were mating when I interrupted! \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have often heard that homosexuality is not natural. Yet is has been observed, researched, and documented in many species - so has sex changes, several sexes in one species, hermaphrodites, harems, polygamy and sexual cannibalism. An interesting article was written up in the New York Times entitled, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/04/magazine/04animals-t.html\">Can Animals Be Gay\u003c/a>?\" If you are interested in learning more about the diversity of reproduction methods in the animal kingdom and why this diversity is needed; these two books are great:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation: The Definitive Guide to the Evolutionary Biology of Sex by Olivia Judson \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People by Joan Roughgarden\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/DiseaseRisk.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/06/risk.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Results like these get a company noticed by the FDA. (Click the image for a larger version.) \u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month or so ago a small company in San Diego struck a deal with Walgreens. Together they were going to sell genetic tests directly to consumers from drug store shelves. Sort of like how some paternity tests are now sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/05/12/genetic.testing.walgreens/index.html\">resulting furor\u003c/a> has caused Walgreens to back off. It has also awakened the slumbering beast—the FDA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week the FDA sent a letter out to five different direct to consumer genetic testing companies about the genetic tests they offer. The FDA is arguing that these genetic tests are medical devices and therefore it has \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/11/AR2010061106097.html\">the authority to regulate them\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tests actually consist of thousands of individual tests. If the FDA wants to regulate each one separately, there is no way that these companies will be able to make a profit. They’ll have to raise prices beyond what most people are willing to pay or simply fold up shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is probably why companies like 23andMe and deCODEme shied away from medical sorts of tests before and instead focused on recreational genomics. They offered tests to learn about the DNA behind your earwax, lactose intolerance and lots of other little, fun traits. But people would learn very little about their disease-causing DNA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies must have found that they had trouble finding enough people willing to plunk down 400 or 500 dollars for a fun genetic test. A new TV, iPhone, Wii are all more fun and cheaper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to scare up some customers, the companies began to offer more medical information in these tests. Undoubtedly they thought that people would be willing to pony up 400 dollars to learn about their risks for diabetes, heart disease, lots of rare genetic diseases and much more. A bargain by any standard!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving aside the fact that most of these individual tests aren’t as useful as you might think, including medical tests introduces another problem. Including medical tests puts these companies square in the sights of the FDA which is not known for its liberal attitude towards medical devices. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get enough customers to stay profitable, these companies need to offer medical tests. But if the FDA regulates these tests then the profits will go away. Or the companies will have to charge a lot more money which will drive customers away. A Catch-22 if I’ve ever heard one!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies may need to provide detailed evidence for each individual genetic test. Many of them probably won’t stand up to the FDA’s scrutiny and will have to be removed. Let’s hope for their sake that the remaining ones are still interesting enough to consumers. If the companies can survive the cost of complying with the FDA that is…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
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