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"bio": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.",
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"content": "\u003cp>California was in a state of emergency Thursday as a brutal heat wave brought the threat of power outages and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will continue to reach triple digits in many areas of the state through Labor Day, forecasters said, prompting concerns that people will turn up the air-conditioning and strain the state’s electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/08/31/as-heat-wave-grips-western-u-s-governor-newsom-takes-action-to-increase-energy-supplies-and-reduce-demand/\">declared an emergency\u003c/a> to increase energy production and relaxed rules aimed at curbing air pollution and global warming gases. He emphasized the role climate change was playing in the heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us have been trying to outrun Mother Nature, but it’s pretty clear Mother Nature has outrun us,” Newsom said. “The reality is we’re living in an era of extremes: extreme heat, extreme drought — and with the flooding we’re experiencing around the globe.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=news_11878134,science_1979812,forum_2010101884331]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lawrence, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service, told KQED’s Forum on Thursday that extreme heat events have become increasingly frequent and intense in the western United States over the past few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s declaration followed a Flex Alert call for energy conservation on Wednesday afternoon and again Thursday afternoon by the California Independent System Operator, which oversees the state’s electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2020, a record heat wave caused a surge in power use for air-conditioning that overtaxed the grid. That caused \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842647/what-caused-augusts-rolling-blackouts-experts-say-its-still-not-totally-clear\">two consecutive nights of rolling blackouts\u003c/a>, affecting hundreds of thousands of residential and business customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rolling blackouts “are a possibility but not an inevitability” during the current heat wave, said Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO of California Independent System Operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence of the National Weather Service said the triple-digit temperatures could continue for five to seven days, and night temperatures are likely to remain high, increasing the risk of health complications from the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooling centers were being opened across the state and officials encouraged people to seek comfort at public libraries and stores — even if just for a few hours to prevent overheating.[ad fullwidth]On Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles, where thousands of unhoused people live on the street without access to air-conditioning or refrigerators, many of the cooling centers they’ve relied on in past years remain closed due to COVID-19 restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sight of a half dozen volunteers wheeling carts full of ice-cold water bottles was a welcome sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hotter than heck out here,” said Dan, an unhoused man huddled with others in the shade of a building. “All of us have to stay outside here, look for shade and count on people coming by with water. … These five days are going to be rough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Gina Solomon, a clinical professor of medicine at UC San Francisco, said that heat kills hundreds to thousands of Californians each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Headaches, fatigue and dizziness are signs of heat-related illness to look out for, Solomon said on KQED’s Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures Wednesday soared as high as 112 degrees in Los Angeles’ San Fernando Valley neighborhoods. Anaheim, home to Disneyland, had an all-time August record of 106. Death Valley fried at 123.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘All of us have been trying to outrun Mother Nature, but it’s pretty clear Mother Nature has outrun us.’[/pullquote]Excessive-heat warnings were in effect for Southern California and up into the Central Valley. The heat was expected to spread into Northern California and could top 100 degrees in San Francisco Bay Area hills, although San Francisco probably would only have highs in the 70s and 80s, forecasters said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service warned of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=pmdspd\">an increased risk of wildfires\u003c/a>. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection planned to stage fire crews in strategic locations, based on humidity and wind forecasts, said Mark Ghilarducci, director of the Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday afternoon, wildfires broke out in bone-dry brush in rural San Diego County and Castaic in the Santa Clarita Valley north of Los Angeles, where a mobile home park was evacuated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfires quickly burned several thousand acres and shut down highways. Eight firefighters battling the Castaic blaze were treated for heat-related problems and six were taken to the hospital, Los Angeles County Fire Department Deputy Chief Thomas Ewald said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wearing heavy firefighting gear, carrying packs, dragging hose, swinging tools, the folks out there are just taking a beating,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The risk of fire could also increase over the Labor Day weekend when crowds are expected to descend on wilderness areas to camp, hike or fish and a spark or an ember from an untended fire could set brush ablaze, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California’s power concerns come in the midst of rising temperatures and a drought, both of which have affected much of the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anticipated imports of hydropower from the Pacific Northwest and energy from the desert Southwest dried up because warmer weather in those regions drove up demand there, Mainzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite more than 160 projects to increase power supply and storage by 4,000 megawatts after outages two years ago, the state’s power supply was partly flattened by the impact of the ongoing drought, which has sapped a significant share of the state’s hydropower production as reservoir levels drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s order allows use of backup diesel generators to put less strain on the system and won’t require ships at port to plug into onshore electricity sources. The move is expected to increase air pollution, but Karen Douglas, the governor’s senior energy advisor, said the priority was to keep the lights on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the Legislature approved extending the life of the state’s \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11924367/california-lawmakers-extend-the-life-of-the-states-last-nuclear-power-plant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11924367/california-lawmakers-extend-the-life-of-the-states-last-nuclear-power-plant\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" data-remove-tab-index=\"true\">last operating nuclear power plant\u003c/a> by five years to maintain reliable power supplies in the climate change era. The bill, which Newsom is expected to sign, would keep Pacific Gas and Electric’s Diablo Canyon Power Plant running beyond a scheduled closing by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara and Mina Kim.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California was in a state of emergency Thursday as a brutal heat wave brought the threat of power outages and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will continue to reach triple digits in many areas of the state through Labor Day, forecasters said, prompting concerns that people will turn up the air-conditioning and strain the state’s electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/08/31/as-heat-wave-grips-western-u-s-governor-newsom-takes-action-to-increase-energy-supplies-and-reduce-demand/\">declared an emergency\u003c/a> to increase energy production and relaxed rules aimed at curbing air pollution and global warming gases. He emphasized the role climate change was playing in the heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us have been trying to outrun Mother Nature, but it’s pretty clear Mother Nature has outrun us,” Newsom said. “The reality is we’re living in an era of extremes: extreme heat, extreme drought — and with the flooding we’re experiencing around the globe.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lawrence, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service, told KQED’s Forum on Thursday that extreme heat events have become increasingly frequent and intense in the western United States over the past few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s declaration followed a Flex Alert call for energy conservation on Wednesday afternoon and again Thursday afternoon by the California Independent System Operator, which oversees the state’s electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2020, a record heat wave caused a surge in power use for air-conditioning that overtaxed the grid. That caused \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842647/what-caused-augusts-rolling-blackouts-experts-say-its-still-not-totally-clear\">two consecutive nights of rolling blackouts\u003c/a>, affecting hundreds of thousands of residential and business customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rolling blackouts “are a possibility but not an inevitability” during the current heat wave, said Elliot Mainzer, president and CEO of California Independent System Operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence of the National Weather Service said the triple-digit temperatures could continue for five to seven days, and night temperatures are likely to remain high, increasing the risk of health complications from the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooling centers were being opened across the state and officials encouraged people to seek comfort at public libraries and stores — even if just for a few hours to prevent overheating.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Excessive-heat warnings were in effect for Southern California and up into the Central Valley. The heat was expected to spread into Northern California and could top 100 degrees in San Francisco Bay Area hills, although San Francisco probably would only have highs in the 70s and 80s, forecasters said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service warned of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/hpcdiscussions.php?disc=pmdspd\">an increased risk of wildfires\u003c/a>. The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection planned to stage fire crews in strategic locations, based on humidity and wind forecasts, said Mark Ghilarducci, director of the Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday afternoon, wildfires broke out in bone-dry brush in rural San Diego County and Castaic in the Santa Clarita Valley north of Los Angeles, where a mobile home park was evacuated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfires quickly burned several thousand acres and shut down highways. Eight firefighters battling the Castaic blaze were treated for heat-related problems and six were taken to the hospital, Los Angeles County Fire Department Deputy Chief Thomas Ewald said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wearing heavy firefighting gear, carrying packs, dragging hose, swinging tools, the folks out there are just taking a beating,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The risk of fire could also increase over the Labor Day weekend when crowds are expected to descend on wilderness areas to camp, hike or fish and a spark or an ember from an untended fire could set brush ablaze, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California’s power concerns come in the midst of rising temperatures and a drought, both of which have affected much of the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anticipated imports of hydropower from the Pacific Northwest and energy from the desert Southwest dried up because warmer weather in those regions drove up demand there, Mainzer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite more than 160 projects to increase power supply and storage by 4,000 megawatts after outages two years ago, the state’s power supply was partly flattened by the impact of the ongoing drought, which has sapped a significant share of the state’s hydropower production as reservoir levels drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s order allows use of backup diesel generators to put less strain on the system and won’t require ships at port to plug into onshore electricity sources. The move is expected to increase air pollution, but Karen Douglas, the governor’s senior energy advisor, said the priority was to keep the lights on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the Legislature approved extending the life of the state’s \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11924367/california-lawmakers-extend-the-life-of-the-states-last-nuclear-power-plant\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11924367/california-lawmakers-extend-the-life-of-the-states-last-nuclear-power-plant\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" data-remove-tab-index=\"true\">last operating nuclear power plant\u003c/a> by five years to maintain reliable power supplies in the climate change era. The bill, which Newsom is expected to sign, would keep Pacific Gas and Electric’s Diablo Canyon Power Plant running beyond a scheduled closing by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara and Mina Kim.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Operators of California’s power grid expect to issue calls for voluntary conservation of electricity during a prolonged heat wave building over the West and warned there could be energy shortages if conditions worsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service on Wednesday issued an excessive heat warning for the Bay Area beginning Saturday morning and lasting through Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='National Weather Service']‘The big weather story this week will be a prolonged and possibly record heat wave building across much of the Western U.S.’[/pullquote]The excessive heat warning begins today for all of Southern California and northward into the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures could shoot past 100 degrees in the Bay Area and 110 degrees in the Central Valley on Sunday and Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This level of heat can be particularly dangerous for people who work outdoors, or who don’t have adequate cooling in their homes. For people in the Bay Area, who aren’t adjusted to living with high heat, even temperatures in the high 80s can be dangerous to health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11878134']The climate emergency has also made nights warmer than they used to be, meaning people don’t cool down as readily during sleep. So heat continues to build up in their bodies day after day as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elderly people are particularly vulnerable to heat illness; they tend not to notice thirst as quickly, and their bodies don’t sweat as readily as younger people’s bodies do, reducing their ability to cool off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1932692']The California Independent System Operator said in a statement that it was taking measures to bring all available energy resources online, including issuing an order restricting maintenance from noon to 10 p.m. daily through September 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peak load for electricity demand in California is projected to exceed 48,000 megawatts on Monday, the highest of the year, the grid operator said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calls for voluntary conservation, known as Flex Alerts, urge consumers to reduce use of electricity from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m., when there is most stress on the grid and solar energy production is declining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The power grid operator expects to call on Californians for voluntary energy conservation via Flex alerts over the long weekend,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary ways to reduce household energy use are to raise thermostat temperatures, avoid using major appliances and electric car chargers, and turning off lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If weather or grid conditions worsen, the ISO may issue a series of emergency notifications to access additional resources and prepare market participants and the public for potential energy shortages and the need to conserve,” Cal ISO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1975640]The heat wave arrived amid concern about California’s power grid. In August 2020, a record heat wave caused a surge in power use for air-conditioning that overtaxed the grid. That caused two consecutive nights of rolling blackouts, affecting hundreds of thousands of residential and business customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has proposed extending the life of the state’s last operating nuclear power plant by five years to maintain reliable power supplies in the climate change era. The proposal would keep Pacific Gas and Electric’s Diablo Canyon Power Plant running beyond a scheduled closing by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters, meanwhile, warned of triple-digit temperatures with little overnight relief, as well as elevated risk of wildfires in much of the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big weather story this week will be a prolonged and possibly record heat wave building across much of the Western U.S. associated with a strong upper level ridge,” the National Weather Service wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headTitle": "Why California Workers Are Still Dying From Heat — Despite Protections | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the summer of 2005, a terrible three-week heat wave swept the West, driving temperatures to triple-digit levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four farmworkers working the fields of central California died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state quickly put in place emergency orders, which evolved into the first workplace heat standards in the nation: Employers would have to give employees water, rest and shade as they toiled in high temperatures. Until then, there were no rules when it came to hot weather and the workplace.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Frank Polizzi, Cal/OSHA spokesperson\"]‘We believe that virtually all heat-related deaths and illnesses can be prevented. Periods of high heat are part of our new reality worldwide, and definitely in California.’[/pullquote]Since then, California has seen hotter average temperatures in 12 of the past 16 years. Even as the climate emergency has grown more acute, the state’s once-groundbreaking heat-safety rules have not kept pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts and federal workplace regulators say they consider heat-related illness and death to be 100% preventable. But California’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health — Cal/OSHA — the agency that enforces the heat standard, has been chronically underfunded and understaffed. The result, according to dozens of interviews, a review of government records and an analysis of worker heat-death cases: Farmworkers, firefighters, construction workers and others required to work in hot environments continue to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s failure to adequately invest in Cal/OSHA has undercut the agency’s ability to crack down on companies that violate the heat standard. Its most recent budget request admitted as much, describing enforcement as “minimal to non-existent due to the lack of occupational health inspectors.” Rising temperatures caused by climate change have compounded the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say the standard is already obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a startling point of view considering that California’s heat standard is held up as a model. Its water, rest and shade measures are considered both stringent and eminently achievable by former and current officials at the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Workers’ rights advocates and OSHA officials have decried the lack of a similar standard to protect workers nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absent that safeguard, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1026154042/hundreds-of-workers-have-died-from-heat-in-the-last-decade-and-its-getting-worse\">workers of color across the country have borne the brunt of dangerous heat in the U.S.\u003c/a>, according to an investigation by Columbia Journalism Investigations, NPR, KPCC and The California Newsroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA declined multiple requests for on-the-record interviews for this story. In response to 39 written questions from CJI and The California Newsroom, the agency stressed the need for businesses to do their part to help stem the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that virtually all heat-related deaths and illnesses can be prevented,” Frank Polizzi, a Cal/OSHA spokesperson, wrote in a response on Aug. 13, 2021. “Periods of high heat are part of our new reality worldwide, and definitely in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where things stand\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past 10 years — during a period when state regulators lowered temperature limits that trigger workplace protections from 85 to 80 degrees — nearly four dozen California workers died from heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses. The deaths occurred across the state but were concentrated in the lower Central Valley, in and around Bakersfield, according to an analysis of federal data on worker heat deaths by CJI and NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the official death count doesn’t begin to reflect heat’s toll on workers. California, unlike other states, doesn’t record the number of serious worker injuries involving overnight hospital stays due to heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses. That makes it difficult to understand heat’s full impact on the state’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1824-scaled-e1630006553116.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886406 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1824-scaled-e1630006553116.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a long-sleeved shirt, T-shirt, apron, neck wrap, visor, mask and surgical gloves pulls leeks beneath a cloudless sky.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1635\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Sonia Bonce harvests leeks on a 90-degree day at Muranaka Farms in Moorpark. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jisung Park, an economist at UCLA, studies the effects of rising temperatures on the labor force. Using a computer model of temperature increases over 20 years and workers’ compensation claims, he estimates that heat sickens, or contributes to injuries among, at least 15,000 California workers each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park attributes the gap in part to misclassified injuries. Heat, for example, can cause a construction worker standing on a ladder to fall and get hurt, but the injury likely won’t be categorized as heat-related. Heat illnesses also occur at lower temperatures than expected; Park has found that workers experienced heat exhaustion and similar conditions on days when the temperature was as low as 75 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=california workers\"]Cal/OSHA said in its written response that the data the agency collects is not comparable to Park’s analysis. Insiders within the agency acknowledge the limitations of official data, however, and endorse the analysis. The agency also defended its record and said inspectors investigate every heat complaint reported by workers and advocates. In 2019, for instance, Cal/OSHA conducted more than 4,000 heat-related inspections and cited employers in 47% of them. Heat inspections, citations and fines have increased almost every year since the standard has been in effect, except for 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic affected such activities across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Cal/OSHA insiders say that accelerating temperatures across the state — especially in the thousands of miles of valleys, where temperatures now exceed 100 degrees more than a dozen times a year — have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1028542777/workers-are-dying-of-heat-outdoors-without-standards-to-protect-them\">made the 16-year-old standard outdated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat costs lives. CJI and NPR reporters analyzed 267 worker heat deaths recorded by the U.S. Department of Labor between 2010 and 2020 and compared the high temperature on the date of each incident to historic averages over 40 years. More than 66% of these deaths occurred when temperatures reached at least 90 degrees. In California — one of two states where at least 40 workers died — almost half of all deaths happened on days that were unusually hot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen over the last few years, certainly since I was chief of OSHA, is catastrophic warming of the earth,” said Ellen Widess, who led Cal/OSHA from 2011 to 2013. “The hundreds of thousands of farmworkers we depend on are extremely vulnerable, exploitable, dependent on these jobs, even in high heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The current standards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While water always needs to be available, once the thermometer reads 80 degrees, California’s heat standard kicks in. Employers are required to provide shade to their workers. Companies must ease workers into a job to enable them to adapt to hot temperatures, a practice known as acclimatization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886413\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1.png\" alt=\"Two photos, one of a freestanding shade structure, one of a water cooler atop a plastic basket, both in the middle of a field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1.png 3639w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-800x262.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-1020x334.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-160x52.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-1536x503.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-2048x670.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-1920x628.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s heat standard mandates that shade and water be available to workers throughout the day, as seen here at Muranaka Farms in Moorpark. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 95 degrees, employers must offer additional safeguards: a 10-minute break every two hours, a team meeting to remind workers of the signs of heat illness, and the designation of an employee to call emergency services in the event of a heat incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it enough?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Widess, who says she was forced out at Cal/OSHA during Jerry Brown’s third term as governor, said the state’s standard has “certainly improved” over the years but “remains inadequate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the issue of enforcement. The United Farm Workers has twice sued Cal/OSHA for what the labor group claimed was a systemic failure to enforce the rule. After a six-year legal battle, in 2015 the agency agreed to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Commission enforcement audits.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create a system to monitor heat-related worker complaints.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set up a UFW-affiliated hotline so workers could report employers who flouted the standard.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase inspections and crack down on repeat offenders.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In the five years since Cal/OSHA tightened its standard, agency data shows it issued thousands of citations. Most citations involved employers that didn’t offer heat training or prepare written heat-stress plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit reports, obtained by CJI and The California Newsroom, show that Cal/OSHA often failed to interview eyewitnesses about heat complaints if an inspector couldn’t find an obvious violation. At times, job sites named in complaints were dismantled and moved before an OSHA inspector ever reached them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has fewer than 200 inspectors in total to police a state with 18 million workers. According to Cal/OSHA, it has only 35 employees working in enforcement who speak Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886418 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Three men in wide-brimmed hats chat near a stack of leeks in the middle of a field.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Juan Chavez speaks with colleagues while harvesting leeks on a 90-degree day at Muranaka Farms in Moorpark. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Garrett Brown, a former Cal/OSHA inspector who also served as a special assistant to Widess, has tracked the agency’s staff vacancies for years. As of July 31, at least 25% of its about 250 inspector positions remained open. About 33% of posts in its legal division were unfilled as of June, according to an analysis published on Brown’s website, \u003ca href=\"https://insidecalosha.org/\">Inside Cal/OSHA\u003c/a>. With such high turnover, Brown said, the agency’s inspectors simply can’t keep up with complaints. Were Cal/OSHA inspectors to visit every farm in the state annually, they’d be outmatched by the sheer number: There are more than 350 farms for each inspector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA said it is hiring inspectors as “quickly as possible,” noting the 70 inspector positions it has filled since January 2020. Twenty-three of those posts involved internal promotions, resulting in additional vacancies. The agency denied it has experienced any hiring delays and said the candidate pool for workplace safety inspectors “is smaller than for other state classifications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA lawyers often are outnumbered when companies appeal a citation by legal teams that flood the agency with paperwork to escape enforcement until the cases are resolved, Brown said.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An independent study commissioned by Cal/OSHA identified the need for as many as 258 additional positions. Earlier this year, Gov. Gavin Newsom released his budget that included $14.4 million for 70 new posts. Only a small fraction of those will be inspectors. In a statement to CJI and The California Newsroom, the governor’s office said it is considering a phased-in approach for hiring more Cal/OSHA employees in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent Cal/OSHA chief, Doug Parker, is awaiting confirmation to head federal OSHA, leaving the state agency without a permanent leader.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Garrett Brown, former Cal/OSHA inspector\"]‘You have an agency that’s barely able to do what it’s supposed to do and presents no threat to irresponsible employers.’[/pullquote]“You have an agency that’s barely able to do what it’s supposed to do,” Brown said, “and presents no threat to irresponsible employers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA laid out additional ways it is attempting to improve its enforcement practices, such as streamlining the citation process and reviewing protocols for closing cases. The agency said even one work-related fatality or serious illness is “too many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal/OSHA investigates all notifications of suspect work-related fatalities to determine the cause, identify violations and require employers to correct unsafe or unhealthy conditions,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A repeat offender\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2017, a 16-year-old girl working in a watermelon field in Sutter grew ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Cal/OSHA inspectors visited the field where the teenager had collapsed, they couldn’t examine the worksite because the harvest had finished and the workers had moved to a new location. Cal/OSHA interviewed the worker and her mother through a translator and cited the company that hired them, Ceja Reyes, for not making them aware of the dangers of heat. Cal/OSHA fined the company $31,365 and told it to make sure all employees received heat training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ceja Reyes, based in Sutter County, provides contract farm laborers. Cal/OSHA has cited the company for at least six heat violations in the last decade — many of them after the agency said Ceja Reyes failed to properly train workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto Ceja, president and partner at Ceja Reyes, refuted Cal/OSHA’s findings. He said in an interview that the mother and daughter had been trained, but the company forgot to have them sign off on their training sheets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two years after the teenager got sick on the job, Cal/OSHA found that Ceja Reyes failed to provide its heat plan to an inspector who made an on-site visit. Cal/OSHA fined the company another $635 for failing to make the plan readily available to workers. Cal/OSHA’s heat program coordinator suggested in the investigative file that Ceja Reyes be considered a repeat offender in the case, which would have meant higher possible fines for similar violations in the future. But the acting district manager at the time declined that designation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ceja blamed Cal/OSHA for the string of violations. He said inspectors interpret the law in various ways, making it impossible for farms and contractors to keep up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think their inspectors have plenty of training before they send [them] to the field,” Ceja said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ceja said he supports more stringent heat rules, such as halting all work at 95 degrees, which he said his company does in most cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why it matters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Put into practice, heat standards can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September of last year, Sonia Bonce was working at the Muranaka Farm in Moorpark. The temperature was rising steadily, and it was beyond 90 degrees by lunchtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886420\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1854-scaled-e1631073034135.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886420 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1854-scaled-e1631073034135.jpg\" alt=\"A line of five vehicles at the edge of a rocky field, with car doors and trunks propped open for workers to sit and lean.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers at Muranaka Farms take a break from harvesting leeks to eat lunch. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Bonce stood up to take a lunch break and began walking toward the shade, her vision became blurry, her legs weak. She passed out and hit her head. The farm’s foreman, recognizing the signs of heat-related illness, alerted a supervisor, who called an ambulance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She felt exhausted and sore for a couple of days; otherwise, there were no lingering physical effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonce, who has worked the fields since leaving El Salvador more than a decade ago, was spared serious injury or death in part because of her employer’s buy-in. Muranaka’s supervisors noticed the warning signs of heat illness and responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other employers have not been as attentive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Jimenez, 17, traveled 2,500 miles from her hometown of Oaxaca, Mexico, to rural Lodi to find work after her father died. Her uncle, Doroteo Jimenez, had worked in the area for two decades. Maria was employed by Merced Farm Labor Contractors and soon found herself tying grapes into bundles at a local vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 14, 2008, the temperature rose to 86 degrees, seven degrees hotter than the average high for that date over the previous 40 years. Maria was working in the vineyard without shade or water breaks, as required by the heat-safety rules. She became dehydrated and fainted. Another employee took her to a drugstore to try to revive her with rubbing alcohol before bringing her to a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, it was too late. Jimenez had a core body temperature of 108 degrees — hot enough for the brain, liver and kidneys to shut down. Her heart stopped six times while doctors tried to revive her. It was then they learned she was pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County filed criminal manslaughter charges against the owner, safety director and supervisor of Merced Farm, which eventually was shuttered by the state. Cal/OSHA imposed a fine of more than $250,000. In 2011, the company’s executives pleaded no contest to failing to provide shade and were sentenced to community service, $1,370 in fines and no jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a company supervisor first contacted him by phone when his niece collapsed, Doroteo Jimenez remembers the supervisor saying she was dizzy. He didn’t think it was that serious. He only realized the gravity of her injuries when he went to visit her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point, I couldn’t even talk to her anymore,” he said. She died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordeal prompted Doroteo and his wife, Juana, to join union leaders and other activists to push for farmworker protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91240378\">Hundreds of workers walked with Doroteo and Juana some 50 miles to the state Capitol carrying two coffins\u003c/a> over several days to draw attention to Maria’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, the state fortified its heat standard. This time, the state required employers to make water readily available, expand shade coverage and increase the number of breaks. In 2018, on the 10th anniversary of Jimenez’s death, the standard was renamed in her memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been many deaths before,” Doroteo said in Spanish through a translator. “I said that I am going to do something that would not just be thrown away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A broader problem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s farmworkers aren’t the only workers dying from heat. In the last decade, there have been 10 deaths in construction and four deaths in landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California’s workers, the difference between a heat standard that works and one that doesn’t often hinges on employers’ good faith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonia Bonce, the farmworker at Muranaka, said in Spanish through a translator that she appreciates how her employer responded to her bout with heat exhaustion. The company agreed to cover her medical expenses, including the cost of the ambulance. She was allowed to take off the two work days she needed to recuperate, though she said she had to forgo her earnings those days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886425\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1766-scaled-e1630008683701.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886425 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1766-scaled-e1630008683701.jpg\" alt=\"A tractor rolls thorough a field of leeks.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers processing a field of leeks on a 90-degree day at Muranaka Farms. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The UFW’s Roman Pinal, who organizes laborers in California’s fields, commended the farm’s management for allowing workers to speak up whenever they see problems — a rarity, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valuing human lives and a little bit less the production,” Pinal said. “That’s when we’re heading in the right direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many employers aren’t as conscientious. Until Cal/OSHA hires more inspectors and becomes more proactive, former inspector Brown said, the agency won’t make significant headway against heat deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with increased inspections, California’s existing heat standard may need another boost. In Moorpark, for instance, where Muranaka Farm is located, the average maximum temperature has risen one degree in the 16 years since the standard was implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Cal/OSHA insiders said state lawmakers should consider mandating a split work day for outdoor laborers to address the ever-escalating temperatures. During the record-breaking heat wave that blanketed the Pacific Northwest in June, many farms switched to early morning and late-evening hours so workers could avoid the most punishing conditions. Public health officials already recommend that workers avoid midday heat whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others advocate for more drastic labor reforms, such as canceling work on days above 105 degrees. The human body, they say, is simply not equipped to endure such temperatures over long periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enhanced protections can’t come soon enough. At Muranaka Farm in June, a crew of sweat-soaked farmworkers harvested leeks under the scorching sun. The temperature exceeded 90 degrees that day — the second day of an early heat wave. Nearly two dozen laborers, aligned in a row on their hands and knees, plucked the long-stemmed plants from the dirt. They sliced off extraneous leaves with their knives and tossed the vegetables into a pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this summer, Bonce has felt heat overtake her while she is in the fields. Her chest grows tight and her head spins. Recognizing the warning signs, she’s taken some time off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is hot. It’s not easy work,” Bonce said. “We are struggling every single day to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York. Jacob Margolis is a reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom. David Nickerson, a reporting fellow at CJI; Robert Benincasa, a senior data reporter at NPR; and Cascade Tuholske, a climate impact scientist at Columbia University’s Earth Institute, contributed to the data analysis. Public Health Watch, an independent investigative nonprofit, helped produce this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California is seen as a nationwide leader in hot-weather protections, but its workers are still getting sick and dying from heat. Experts and insiders say climate change and a dysfunctional workplace regulatory agency are to blame.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the summer of 2005, a terrible three-week heat wave swept the West, driving temperatures to triple-digit levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four farmworkers working the fields of central California died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state quickly put in place emergency orders, which evolved into the first workplace heat standards in the nation: Employers would have to give employees water, rest and shade as they toiled in high temperatures. Until then, there were no rules when it came to hot weather and the workplace.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We believe that virtually all heat-related deaths and illnesses can be prevented. Periods of high heat are part of our new reality worldwide, and definitely in California.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since then, California has seen hotter average temperatures in 12 of the past 16 years. Even as the climate emergency has grown more acute, the state’s once-groundbreaking heat-safety rules have not kept pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts and federal workplace regulators say they consider heat-related illness and death to be 100% preventable. But California’s Division of Occupational Safety and Health — Cal/OSHA — the agency that enforces the heat standard, has been chronically underfunded and understaffed. The result, according to dozens of interviews, a review of government records and an analysis of worker heat-death cases: Farmworkers, firefighters, construction workers and others required to work in hot environments continue to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s failure to adequately invest in Cal/OSHA has undercut the agency’s ability to crack down on companies that violate the heat standard. Its most recent budget request admitted as much, describing enforcement as “minimal to non-existent due to the lack of occupational health inspectors.” Rising temperatures caused by climate change have compounded the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say the standard is already obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a startling point of view considering that California’s heat standard is held up as a model. Its water, rest and shade measures are considered both stringent and eminently achievable by former and current officials at the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Workers’ rights advocates and OSHA officials have decried the lack of a similar standard to protect workers nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absent that safeguard, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1026154042/hundreds-of-workers-have-died-from-heat-in-the-last-decade-and-its-getting-worse\">workers of color across the country have borne the brunt of dangerous heat in the U.S.\u003c/a>, according to an investigation by Columbia Journalism Investigations, NPR, KPCC and The California Newsroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA declined multiple requests for on-the-record interviews for this story. In response to 39 written questions from CJI and The California Newsroom, the agency stressed the need for businesses to do their part to help stem the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that virtually all heat-related deaths and illnesses can be prevented,” Frank Polizzi, a Cal/OSHA spokesperson, wrote in a response on Aug. 13, 2021. “Periods of high heat are part of our new reality worldwide, and definitely in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where things stand\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the past 10 years — during a period when state regulators lowered temperature limits that trigger workplace protections from 85 to 80 degrees — nearly four dozen California workers died from heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses. The deaths occurred across the state but were concentrated in the lower Central Valley, in and around Bakersfield, according to an analysis of federal data on worker heat deaths by CJI and NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the official death count doesn’t begin to reflect heat’s toll on workers. California, unlike other states, doesn’t record the number of serious worker injuries involving overnight hospital stays due to heatstroke and other heat-related illnesses. That makes it difficult to understand heat’s full impact on the state’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1824-scaled-e1630006553116.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886406 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1824-scaled-e1630006553116.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a long-sleeved shirt, T-shirt, apron, neck wrap, visor, mask and surgical gloves pulls leeks beneath a cloudless sky.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1635\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Sonia Bonce harvests leeks on a 90-degree day at Muranaka Farms in Moorpark. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jisung Park, an economist at UCLA, studies the effects of rising temperatures on the labor force. Using a computer model of temperature increases over 20 years and workers’ compensation claims, he estimates that heat sickens, or contributes to injuries among, at least 15,000 California workers each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park attributes the gap in part to misclassified injuries. Heat, for example, can cause a construction worker standing on a ladder to fall and get hurt, but the injury likely won’t be categorized as heat-related. Heat illnesses also occur at lower temperatures than expected; Park has found that workers experienced heat exhaustion and similar conditions on days when the temperature was as low as 75 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cal/OSHA said in its written response that the data the agency collects is not comparable to Park’s analysis. Insiders within the agency acknowledge the limitations of official data, however, and endorse the analysis. The agency also defended its record and said inspectors investigate every heat complaint reported by workers and advocates. In 2019, for instance, Cal/OSHA conducted more than 4,000 heat-related inspections and cited employers in 47% of them. Heat inspections, citations and fines have increased almost every year since the standard has been in effect, except for 2020, when the coronavirus pandemic affected such activities across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Cal/OSHA insiders say that accelerating temperatures across the state — especially in the thousands of miles of valleys, where temperatures now exceed 100 degrees more than a dozen times a year — have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/17/1028542777/workers-are-dying-of-heat-outdoors-without-standards-to-protect-them\">made the 16-year-old standard outdated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat costs lives. CJI and NPR reporters analyzed 267 worker heat deaths recorded by the U.S. Department of Labor between 2010 and 2020 and compared the high temperature on the date of each incident to historic averages over 40 years. More than 66% of these deaths occurred when temperatures reached at least 90 degrees. In California — one of two states where at least 40 workers died — almost half of all deaths happened on days that were unusually hot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen over the last few years, certainly since I was chief of OSHA, is catastrophic warming of the earth,” said Ellen Widess, who led Cal/OSHA from 2011 to 2013. “The hundreds of thousands of farmworkers we depend on are extremely vulnerable, exploitable, dependent on these jobs, even in high heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The current standards\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While water always needs to be available, once the thermometer reads 80 degrees, California’s heat standard kicks in. Employers are required to provide shade to their workers. Companies must ease workers into a job to enable them to adapt to hot temperatures, a practice known as acclimatization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886413\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1.png\" alt=\"Two photos, one of a freestanding shade structure, one of a water cooler atop a plastic basket, both in the middle of a field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1.png 3639w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-800x262.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-1020x334.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-160x52.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-1536x503.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-2048x670.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/water-shade-1-1920x628.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s heat standard mandates that shade and water be available to workers throughout the day, as seen here at Muranaka Farms in Moorpark. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 95 degrees, employers must offer additional safeguards: a 10-minute break every two hours, a team meeting to remind workers of the signs of heat illness, and the designation of an employee to call emergency services in the event of a heat incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it enough?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Widess, who says she was forced out at Cal/OSHA during Jerry Brown’s third term as governor, said the state’s standard has “certainly improved” over the years but “remains inadequate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the issue of enforcement. The United Farm Workers has twice sued Cal/OSHA for what the labor group claimed was a systemic failure to enforce the rule. After a six-year legal battle, in 2015 the agency agreed to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Commission enforcement audits.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Create a system to monitor heat-related worker complaints.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set up a UFW-affiliated hotline so workers could report employers who flouted the standard.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Increase inspections and crack down on repeat offenders.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In the five years since Cal/OSHA tightened its standard, agency data shows it issued thousands of citations. Most citations involved employers that didn’t offer heat training or prepare written heat-stress plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit reports, obtained by CJI and The California Newsroom, show that Cal/OSHA often failed to interview eyewitnesses about heat complaints if an inspector couldn’t find an obvious violation. At times, job sites named in complaints were dismantled and moved before an OSHA inspector ever reached them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has fewer than 200 inspectors in total to police a state with 18 million workers. According to Cal/OSHA, it has only 35 employees working in enforcement who speak Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886418\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886418 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Three men in wide-brimmed hats chat near a stack of leeks in the middle of a field.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1833-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Juan Chavez speaks with colleagues while harvesting leeks on a 90-degree day at Muranaka Farms in Moorpark. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Garrett Brown, a former Cal/OSHA inspector who also served as a special assistant to Widess, has tracked the agency’s staff vacancies for years. As of July 31, at least 25% of its about 250 inspector positions remained open. About 33% of posts in its legal division were unfilled as of June, according to an analysis published on Brown’s website, \u003ca href=\"https://insidecalosha.org/\">Inside Cal/OSHA\u003c/a>. With such high turnover, Brown said, the agency’s inspectors simply can’t keep up with complaints. Were Cal/OSHA inspectors to visit every farm in the state annually, they’d be outmatched by the sheer number: There are more than 350 farms for each inspector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA said it is hiring inspectors as “quickly as possible,” noting the 70 inspector positions it has filled since January 2020. Twenty-three of those posts involved internal promotions, resulting in additional vacancies. The agency denied it has experienced any hiring delays and said the candidate pool for workplace safety inspectors “is smaller than for other state classifications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA lawyers often are outnumbered when companies appeal a citation by legal teams that flood the agency with paperwork to escape enforcement until the cases are resolved, Brown said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An independent study commissioned by Cal/OSHA identified the need for as many as 258 additional positions. Earlier this year, Gov. Gavin Newsom released his budget that included $14.4 million for 70 new posts. Only a small fraction of those will be inspectors. In a statement to CJI and The California Newsroom, the governor’s office said it is considering a phased-in approach for hiring more Cal/OSHA employees in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent Cal/OSHA chief, Doug Parker, is awaiting confirmation to head federal OSHA, leaving the state agency without a permanent leader.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘You have an agency that’s barely able to do what it’s supposed to do and presents no threat to irresponsible employers.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You have an agency that’s barely able to do what it’s supposed to do,” Brown said, “and presents no threat to irresponsible employers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA laid out additional ways it is attempting to improve its enforcement practices, such as streamlining the citation process and reviewing protocols for closing cases. The agency said even one work-related fatality or serious illness is “too many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal/OSHA investigates all notifications of suspect work-related fatalities to determine the cause, identify violations and require employers to correct unsafe or unhealthy conditions,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A repeat offender\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In 2017, a 16-year-old girl working in a watermelon field in Sutter grew ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Cal/OSHA inspectors visited the field where the teenager had collapsed, they couldn’t examine the worksite because the harvest had finished and the workers had moved to a new location. Cal/OSHA interviewed the worker and her mother through a translator and cited the company that hired them, Ceja Reyes, for not making them aware of the dangers of heat. Cal/OSHA fined the company $31,365 and told it to make sure all employees received heat training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ceja Reyes, based in Sutter County, provides contract farm laborers. Cal/OSHA has cited the company for at least six heat violations in the last decade — many of them after the agency said Ceja Reyes failed to properly train workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto Ceja, president and partner at Ceja Reyes, refuted Cal/OSHA’s findings. He said in an interview that the mother and daughter had been trained, but the company forgot to have them sign off on their training sheets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two years after the teenager got sick on the job, Cal/OSHA found that Ceja Reyes failed to provide its heat plan to an inspector who made an on-site visit. Cal/OSHA fined the company another $635 for failing to make the plan readily available to workers. Cal/OSHA’s heat program coordinator suggested in the investigative file that Ceja Reyes be considered a repeat offender in the case, which would have meant higher possible fines for similar violations in the future. But the acting district manager at the time declined that designation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ceja blamed Cal/OSHA for the string of violations. He said inspectors interpret the law in various ways, making it impossible for farms and contractors to keep up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think their inspectors have plenty of training before they send [them] to the field,” Ceja said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ceja said he supports more stringent heat rules, such as halting all work at 95 degrees, which he said his company does in most cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why it matters\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Put into practice, heat standards can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September of last year, Sonia Bonce was working at the Muranaka Farm in Moorpark. The temperature was rising steadily, and it was beyond 90 degrees by lunchtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886420\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1854-scaled-e1631073034135.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886420 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1854-scaled-e1631073034135.jpg\" alt=\"A line of five vehicles at the edge of a rocky field, with car doors and trunks propped open for workers to sit and lean.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers at Muranaka Farms take a break from harvesting leeks to eat lunch. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Bonce stood up to take a lunch break and began walking toward the shade, her vision became blurry, her legs weak. She passed out and hit her head. The farm’s foreman, recognizing the signs of heat-related illness, alerted a supervisor, who called an ambulance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She felt exhausted and sore for a couple of days; otherwise, there were no lingering physical effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonce, who has worked the fields since leaving El Salvador more than a decade ago, was spared serious injury or death in part because of her employer’s buy-in. Muranaka’s supervisors noticed the warning signs of heat illness and responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other employers have not been as attentive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Jimenez, 17, traveled 2,500 miles from her hometown of Oaxaca, Mexico, to rural Lodi to find work after her father died. Her uncle, Doroteo Jimenez, had worked in the area for two decades. Maria was employed by Merced Farm Labor Contractors and soon found herself tying grapes into bundles at a local vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 14, 2008, the temperature rose to 86 degrees, seven degrees hotter than the average high for that date over the previous 40 years. Maria was working in the vineyard without shade or water breaks, as required by the heat-safety rules. She became dehydrated and fainted. Another employee took her to a drugstore to try to revive her with rubbing alcohol before bringing her to a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then, it was too late. Jimenez had a core body temperature of 108 degrees — hot enough for the brain, liver and kidneys to shut down. Her heart stopped six times while doctors tried to revive her. It was then they learned she was pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County filed criminal manslaughter charges against the owner, safety director and supervisor of Merced Farm, which eventually was shuttered by the state. Cal/OSHA imposed a fine of more than $250,000. In 2011, the company’s executives pleaded no contest to failing to provide shade and were sentenced to community service, $1,370 in fines and no jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a company supervisor first contacted him by phone when his niece collapsed, Doroteo Jimenez remembers the supervisor saying she was dizzy. He didn’t think it was that serious. He only realized the gravity of her injuries when he went to visit her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point, I couldn’t even talk to her anymore,” he said. She died the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordeal prompted Doroteo and his wife, Juana, to join union leaders and other activists to push for farmworker protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91240378\">Hundreds of workers walked with Doroteo and Juana some 50 miles to the state Capitol carrying two coffins\u003c/a> over several days to draw attention to Maria’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, the state fortified its heat standard. This time, the state required employers to make water readily available, expand shade coverage and increase the number of breaks. In 2018, on the 10th anniversary of Jimenez’s death, the standard was renamed in her memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been many deaths before,” Doroteo said in Spanish through a translator. “I said that I am going to do something that would not just be thrown away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A broader problem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s farmworkers aren’t the only workers dying from heat. In the last decade, there have been 10 deaths in construction and four deaths in landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For California’s workers, the difference between a heat standard that works and one that doesn’t often hinges on employers’ good faith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonia Bonce, the farmworker at Muranaka, said in Spanish through a translator that she appreciates how her employer responded to her bout with heat exhaustion. The company agreed to cover her medical expenses, including the cost of the ambulance. She was allowed to take off the two work days she needed to recuperate, though she said she had to forgo her earnings those days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886425\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1766-scaled-e1630008683701.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11886425 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/DSCF1766-scaled-e1630008683701.jpg\" alt=\"A tractor rolls thorough a field of leeks.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers processing a field of leeks on a 90-degree day at Muranaka Farms. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The UFW’s Roman Pinal, who organizes laborers in California’s fields, commended the farm’s management for allowing workers to speak up whenever they see problems — a rarity, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Valuing human lives and a little bit less the production,” Pinal said. “That’s when we’re heading in the right direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many employers aren’t as conscientious. Until Cal/OSHA hires more inspectors and becomes more proactive, former inspector Brown said, the agency won’t make significant headway against heat deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with increased inspections, California’s existing heat standard may need another boost. In Moorpark, for instance, where Muranaka Farm is located, the average maximum temperature has risen one degree in the 16 years since the standard was implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Cal/OSHA insiders said state lawmakers should consider mandating a split work day for outdoor laborers to address the ever-escalating temperatures. During the record-breaking heat wave that blanketed the Pacific Northwest in June, many farms switched to early morning and late-evening hours so workers could avoid the most punishing conditions. Public health officials already recommend that workers avoid midday heat whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others advocate for more drastic labor reforms, such as canceling work on days above 105 degrees. The human body, they say, is simply not equipped to endure such temperatures over long periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enhanced protections can’t come soon enough. At Muranaka Farm in June, a crew of sweat-soaked farmworkers harvested leeks under the scorching sun. The temperature exceeded 90 degrees that day — the second day of an early heat wave. Nearly two dozen laborers, aligned in a row on their hands and knees, plucked the long-stemmed plants from the dirt. They sliced off extraneous leaves with their knives and tossed the vegetables into a pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this summer, Bonce has felt heat overtake her while she is in the fields. Her chest grows tight and her head spins. Recognizing the warning signs, she’s taken some time off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is hot. It’s not easy work,” Bonce said. “We are struggling every single day to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brian Edwards reported this story as a fellow for Columbia Journalism Investigations, an investigative reporting unit at the Columbia Journalism School in New York. Jacob Margolis is a reporter at KPCC and LAist, and a member of The California Newsroom. David Nickerson, a reporting fellow at CJI; Robert Benincasa, a senior data reporter at NPR; and Cascade Tuholske, a climate impact scientist at Columbia University’s Earth Institute, contributed to the data analysis. Public Health Watch, an independent investigative nonprofit, helped produce this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was supported by the Fund for Investigative Journalism.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As record-high heat hammers much of the country, a new \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021EF002016\">study\u003c/a> shows that in many American cities, residents of lower-income neighborhoods and communities of color often endure far higher temperatures than those who live in whiter, wealthier communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban areas are known to be hotter than more rural ones, but the research published Tuesday in the journal Earth’s Future provides one of the most detailed looks to date at how differences in heat extremes break down along racial and socioeconomic lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors used satellite imagery to measure land surface temperature in 1,056 counties across the country, home to about 300 million people. They found that in more than 70% of those counties, neighborhoods that are lower income and those that have larger percentages of people of color “experience significantly more extreme surface urban heat than their wealthier, whiter counterparts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relying on U.S. census data, the researchers found that in areas with higher rates of poverty, temperatures can be as much as 7 degrees Fahrenheit warmer during the summer months than in nearby wealthier neighborhoods. The same held true for predominantly minority communities, as compared to nearby non-Hispanic, white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to show how climate change driven by human activity disproportionately harms people of color and poor people. The warming climate is \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/1/\">making\u003c/a> heat waves more frequent and intense. And even without heat waves, Americans can expect\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/30/climate/how-much-hotter-is-your-hometown.html\"> far more days over 90 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a> than there were just a few decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-related-deaths\">Heat is the biggest weather-related killer of Americans, \u003c/a>according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kuow.org/stories/nearly-700-people-believed-to-have-died-in-northwest-heat-wave\">estimated 800 people\u003c/a> have already died in the heat wave that has gripped the Pacific Northwest this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers — Susanne Benz and Jennifer Burney of UC San Diego — found that in 76% of the counties they studied, lower-income communities experienced higher temperatures than those with higher incomes. When looking at neighborhoods by race, in 71% of counties, people of color lived in neighborhoods with higher temperatures than residents in largely white communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers point to several factors that are driving up temperatures in these neighborhoods, including more buildings, less vegetation, and to a lesser extent, higher population density.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0249715\">studies\u003c/a> have shown that less vegetation can impact a city’s temperature, and that neighborhoods that are lower income and where there are more people of color tend to have less tree cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11879641,science_1975631,science_1975668\"]The researchers also note that the temperature differences they found weren’t unique to larger, more developed cities; heat disparities were also evident in many smaller, more rural areas with newer developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The existence of these gradients implies that the inequality we find in our cities does not only develop after large urbanization and growth, but manifests early in the existence of a city itself,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its authors also point to a long history of racist land-use policies that have driven such disparities, and urge local policymakers to make equitable development decisions that incorporate heat mitigation strategies, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These areas have less tree canopy, more streets, and higher building densities,” the authors contend, “meaning that in addition to their other racist outcomes, redlining policies directly codified into law existing disparity in urban land use and reinforced urban design choices that magnify urban heating into the present.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Extreme+Heat+Is+Getting+Worse+For+Low-Income%2C+Non-White+Americans%2C+A+New+Study+Shows&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Matthew Green contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As record-high heat hammers much of the country, a new \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2021EF002016\">study\u003c/a> shows that in many American cities, residents of lower-income neighborhoods and communities of color often endure far higher temperatures than those who live in whiter, wealthier communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urban areas are known to be hotter than more rural ones, but the research published Tuesday in the journal Earth’s Future provides one of the most detailed looks to date at how differences in heat extremes break down along racial and socioeconomic lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors used satellite imagery to measure land surface temperature in 1,056 counties across the country, home to about 300 million people. They found that in more than 70% of those counties, neighborhoods that are lower income and those that have larger percentages of people of color “experience significantly more extreme surface urban heat than their wealthier, whiter counterparts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relying on U.S. census data, the researchers found that in areas with higher rates of poverty, temperatures can be as much as 7 degrees Fahrenheit warmer during the summer months than in nearby wealthier neighborhoods. The same held true for predominantly minority communities, as compared to nearby non-Hispanic, white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to show how climate change driven by human activity disproportionately harms people of color and poor people. The warming climate is \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/1/\">making\u003c/a> heat waves more frequent and intense. And even without heat waves, Americans can expect\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/30/climate/how-much-hotter-is-your-hometown.html\"> far more days over 90 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a> than there were just a few decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-related-deaths\">Heat is the biggest weather-related killer of Americans, \u003c/a>according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kuow.org/stories/nearly-700-people-believed-to-have-died-in-northwest-heat-wave\">estimated 800 people\u003c/a> have already died in the heat wave that has gripped the Pacific Northwest this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers — Susanne Benz and Jennifer Burney of UC San Diego — found that in 76% of the counties they studied, lower-income communities experienced higher temperatures than those with higher incomes. When looking at neighborhoods by race, in 71% of counties, people of color lived in neighborhoods with higher temperatures than residents in largely white communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers point to several factors that are driving up temperatures in these neighborhoods, including more buildings, less vegetation, and to a lesser extent, higher population density.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0249715\">studies\u003c/a> have shown that less vegetation can impact a city’s temperature, and that neighborhoods that are lower income and where there are more people of color tend to have less tree cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The researchers also note that the temperature differences they found weren’t unique to larger, more developed cities; heat disparities were also evident in many smaller, more rural areas with newer developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The existence of these gradients implies that the inequality we find in our cities does not only develop after large urbanization and growth, but manifests early in the existence of a city itself,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its authors also point to a long history of racist land-use policies that have driven such disparities, and urge local policymakers to make equitable development decisions that incorporate heat mitigation strategies, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These areas have less tree canopy, more streets, and higher building densities,” the authors contend, “meaning that in addition to their other racist outcomes, redlining policies directly codified into law existing disparity in urban land use and reinforced urban design choices that magnify urban heating into the present.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Extreme+Heat+Is+Getting+Worse+For+Low-Income%2C+Non-White+Americans%2C+A+New+Study+Shows&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Matthew Green contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated July 12, 4 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of wildfires burned across the U.S. West on Monday, but fire agencies reported some progress in corralling the flames and forecasters predicted a gradual decrease in extreme temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Clements, a professor of meteorology and director of the Wildfire Interdisciplinary Research Center at San Jose State University, said that what’s different this year is the fact that California has been in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in a severe drought, exceptional drought across most of California, and that’s affected the fuel moisture content,” Clements said. “With dry fuels, fires get bigger, they burn hotter, and we have more extreme fire behavior.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clements also added that the fuel moisture levels now are equivalent to what would typically be see in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having such high maximum temperatures is a sign that we’re warming the planet, he said. “We are supposed to expect more of these events, and that’s pretty scary given the fact that we’re in a drought and we’ve got warmer temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clements said that with many of these big fires, they’re more intense because of climate change, but it’s not just climate change that people need to be aware of — it’s also forest management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have forced evacuations in numerous areas with dispersed properties and tiny communities where some burned homes and other structures have been observed but total losses were still being tallied. Mandatory evacuation orders are in effect in \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MaderaSheriff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Madera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/mariposacountysheriff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mariposa\u003c/a> counties, where the River Fire is at 8,000 acres burned and 10% contained.[aside postID=news_11880307]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires erupted as California and neighboring states were in the grip of the second bout of dangerously high temperatures in just a few weeks. The entire region is also suffering from intense drought. The National Weather Service said, however, that the heat wave appeared to have peaked in many areas and excessive-heat warnings were largely expected to expire by Monday night or Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two largest fires were burning forests in northeastern California and southern Oregon, sending smoke across other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were working in extreme temperatures across the West Coast and struggling to contain wildfires, the largest burning in California and Oregon, as another heat wave baked the region, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880813/growing-oregon-wildfire-threatens-ca-electric-transmission-lines-state-issues-grid-warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">straining power grids\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest wildfire of the year in California — the \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/7601/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beckwourth Complex\u003c/a> — was raging along the Nevada state line and has burned 89,748 acres — about 140 square miles — as of Monday morning. The California Independent System Operator, which oversees the transmission of bulk electricity in the state, issued a statewide flex alert for Monday from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/California_ISO/status/1414377622470119425\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oregon, the Bootleg Fire exploded to 240 square miles as it raced through heavy timber in the Fremont-Winema National Forest, near the Klamath County town of Sprague River. The fire disrupted service on three transmission lines providing up to 5,500 megawatts of electricity to neighboring California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in southeast Washington grew to almost 60 square miles, while in Idaho, Gov. Brad Little has mobilized the National Guard to help fight fires sparked after lightning storms swept across the drought-stricken region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blazes come as the West is in the midst of a second extreme heat wave within just a few weeks and as the entire region is suffering from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880716/during-jaw-dropping-california-drought-governor-asks-state-to-limit-water-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of the worst droughts in recent history\u003c/a>. Extreme heat warnings in California are finally expected to expire Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Wildfire News\" postID=news_11834901,news_11840047,forum_2010101879386]On Sunday, firefighters working in temperatures that topped 100 degrees were able to gain some ground on the Beckwourth Complex, increasing containment to 23%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Saturday, flames jumped U.S. Route 395, which was closed near the small town of Doyle in California’s Lassen County. The lanes reopened Sunday, and officials urged motorists to use caution and keep moving along the key north-south route where flames were still active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do not stop and take pictures,” said Jake Cagle, the fire’s operations section chief. “You are going to impede our operations if you stop and look at what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cagle said structures had burned in Doyle, but he didn’t have an exact number. Bob Prary, who manages the Buck Inn Bar in the town of about 600 people, said he saw at least six houses destroyed after Saturday’s flare-up. The fire was smoldering Sunday in and around Doyle, but he feared some remote ranch properties were still in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like the worst is over in town, but back on the mountainside the fire’s still going strong,” Prary said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/7/11/river-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The River Fire\u003c/a> broke out Sunday afternoon south of Yosemite National Park. Thus far, it has burned 4,000 acres and triggered evacuations in two counties. Containment was just 5% but the highway leading to the southern entrance of the park remained open early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July heat wave followed an unusual June siege of broiling temperatures in the West. A growing number of scientific studies are concluding that heat waves in some cases can be directly attributed to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hosseini contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having such high maximum temperatures is a sign that we’re warming the planet, he said. “We are supposed to expect more of these events, and that’s pretty scary given the fact that we’re in a drought and we’ve got warmer temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clements said that with many of these big fires, they’re more intense because of climate change, but it’s not just climate change that people need to be aware of — it’s also forest management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have forced evacuations in numerous areas with dispersed properties and tiny communities where some burned homes and other structures have been observed but total losses were still being tallied. Mandatory evacuation orders are in effect in \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/MaderaSheriff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Madera\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/mariposacountysheriff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mariposa\u003c/a> counties, where the River Fire is at 8,000 acres burned and 10% contained.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires erupted as California and neighboring states were in the grip of the second bout of dangerously high temperatures in just a few weeks. The entire region is also suffering from intense drought. The National Weather Service said, however, that the heat wave appeared to have peaked in many areas and excessive-heat warnings were largely expected to expire by Monday night or Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two largest fires were burning forests in northeastern California and southern Oregon, sending smoke across other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were working in extreme temperatures across the West Coast and struggling to contain wildfires, the largest burning in California and Oregon, as another heat wave baked the region, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880813/growing-oregon-wildfire-threatens-ca-electric-transmission-lines-state-issues-grid-warning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">straining power grids\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest wildfire of the year in California — the \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/7601/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Beckwourth Complex\u003c/a> — was raging along the Nevada state line and has burned 89,748 acres — about 140 square miles — as of Monday morning. The California Independent System Operator, which oversees the transmission of bulk electricity in the state, issued a statewide flex alert for Monday from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In Oregon, the Bootleg Fire exploded to 240 square miles as it raced through heavy timber in the Fremont-Winema National Forest, near the Klamath County town of Sprague River. The fire disrupted service on three transmission lines providing up to 5,500 megawatts of electricity to neighboring California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in southeast Washington grew to almost 60 square miles, while in Idaho, Gov. Brad Little has mobilized the National Guard to help fight fires sparked after lightning storms swept across the drought-stricken region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blazes come as the West is in the midst of a second extreme heat wave within just a few weeks and as the entire region is suffering from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880716/during-jaw-dropping-california-drought-governor-asks-state-to-limit-water-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one of the worst droughts in recent history\u003c/a>. Extreme heat warnings in California are finally expected to expire Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On Sunday, firefighters working in temperatures that topped 100 degrees were able to gain some ground on the Beckwourth Complex, increasing containment to 23%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Saturday, flames jumped U.S. Route 395, which was closed near the small town of Doyle in California’s Lassen County. The lanes reopened Sunday, and officials urged motorists to use caution and keep moving along the key north-south route where flames were still active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do not stop and take pictures,” said Jake Cagle, the fire’s operations section chief. “You are going to impede our operations if you stop and look at what’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cagle said structures had burned in Doyle, but he didn’t have an exact number. Bob Prary, who manages the Buck Inn Bar in the town of about 600 people, said he saw at least six houses destroyed after Saturday’s flare-up. The fire was smoldering Sunday in and around Doyle, but he feared some remote ranch properties were still in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like the worst is over in town, but back on the mountainside the fire’s still going strong,” Prary said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2021/7/11/river-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The River Fire\u003c/a> broke out Sunday afternoon south of Yosemite National Park. Thus far, it has burned 4,000 acres and triggered evacuations in two counties. Containment was just 5% but the highway leading to the southern entrance of the park remained open early Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July heat wave followed an unusual June siege of broiling temperatures in the West. A growing number of scientific studies are concluding that heat waves in some cases can be directly attributed to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hosseini contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "During 'Jaw-Dropping' California Drought, Governor Asks State to Limit Water Use",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut how much water they use by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/08/as-drought-conditions-intensify-governor-newsom-calls-on-californians-to-take-simple-actions-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">governor’s office said\u003c/a> if Californians reduce their water usage by 15%, it could save enough to supply 1.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880180/california-recall-election-set-for-sept-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recall election in September\u003c/a>, has so far refrained from ordering any mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plea for voluntary reduction in water use demonstrates the growing challenges of a drought that will only worsen throughout the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-science-cd3e6dcb4d2490ed8c2ddcd3c54f69ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summer\u003c/a> and fall and is tied to more intense wildfires and heat waves. Temperatures in parts of the region are spiking again this week as firefighters battle \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ca-state-wire-california-fires-wildfires-4a22f9e6c31ebe2bef033586d8386f68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several wildfires\u003c/a> in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-oregon-wildfires-fires-22d608785b85d39b0fe8607d2af29177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other states\u003c/a> but are less extreme than the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-science-environment-and-nature-935be069af34aad472074d42097af85e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record heat wave\u003c/a> that may have caused hundreds of deaths in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-ecea3ed406610f352f5e3f64850b32f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> and British Columbia in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1975707 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/07/RS50215_GettyImages-1233516072-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s most important reservoirs\u003c/a> are already at dangerously low levels and will likely reach historic lows later this year. Lake Oroville in Northern California is at 30% capacity, and state officials worry water levels could get so low they might have to shut down a hydroelectric plant later this year. Along the Russian River, officials fear Lake Mendocino could empty later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is jaw-dropping, what’s happening in the West Coast of the United States,” Newsom said Thursday during a news conference at Lopez Lake, a reservoir in San Luis Obispo County formed by a dam on the Arroyo Grande Creek that is at 34% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic drought tied to climate change is gripping the U.S. West and comes just a few years after California declared its last dry spell over in 2016. The earlier drought in California depleted groundwater supplies and changed how people use water, with many people and businesses ripping out landscaping and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to before the previous drought, urban water usage in California is down an average of 16%. But scientists say this drought is already hotter and drier than the earlier one, accelerating the impact on people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Mediterranean climate means it doesn’t get significant rain or snow until the winter. The state relies on snowmelt in the mountains to fill its reservoirs in the spring, which then provide water for farms, homes and fish throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big storms in January made officials optimistic about avoiding water shortages this year. But the soil was so dry that instead of melting into runoff to fill rivers and reservoirs, much of the snow in the mountains instead seeped into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we didn’t understand was we had this deepening and intensifying drought underground,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “It really is the speed at which the compounding effects of climate change in soil moisture and ambient temperatures have made this drought a very different kind of drought. It’s no longer a slow-moving train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how low California’s reservoirs already are, Nemeth said Newsom’s request for people to use less water is about planning for next year. The governor is asking for voluntary conservation efforts, such as taking shorter showers, running dishwashers only when they are full and reducing the frequency of watering lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta, a grassroots organization seeking to protect the San Francisco Bay Delta and its surrounding communities, called Newsom’s response “too little, too late.” She said her group and others warned the state at the end of 2020 to prepare for the drought, and added that Newsom has been given “bad advice” by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let too much of the water out of the system for industrial agriculture users,” she said. “Our water resources and public trust resources like salmon fisheries have been squandered for almonds and other unsustainable crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, meanwhile, have complained about their water allocations being severely cut this year. Nemeth said the state released water from Lake Oroville largely to satisfy water quality requirements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, formed by those two river systems that feed into the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"drought\" label=\"More drought coverage\"]“We released more than we had planned because much of that water never made it to the delta — it was diverted by other water users instead,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local governments already have imposed mandatory water restrictions. And in Oregon, Gov. Kate Brown \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-droughts-dee2206521e42d939984b3ba7ab41aa1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> this week to stop watering lawns, washing windows at their offices and running fountains that don’t recirculate water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nevada-droughts-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-3bc619e46f902b2ebb77245fcf54e22a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> bans nearly a third of grass in the Las Vegas area, targeting ornamental turf at places like office parks and street medians. The ban does not apply to single-family homes, parks and golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Newsom on Thursday also added nine more counties to an emergency drought proclamation, which now covers 50 of the state’s 58 counties and 42% of the state’s population. The newly added counties are Inyo, Marin, Mono, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties included in the proclamation are eligible for various state actions, including suspension of some environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco, are not included in the proclamation. But Newsom is still asking people who live in heavily populated areas to reduce their water consumption because they rely on rivers and reservoirs in drought-stricken areas for much of their supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut how much water they use by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/08/as-drought-conditions-intensify-governor-newsom-calls-on-californians-to-take-simple-actions-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">governor’s office said\u003c/a> if Californians reduce their water usage by 15%, it could save enough to supply 1.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880180/california-recall-election-set-for-sept-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recall election in September\u003c/a>, has so far refrained from ordering any mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plea for voluntary reduction in water use demonstrates the growing challenges of a drought that will only worsen throughout the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-science-cd3e6dcb4d2490ed8c2ddcd3c54f69ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summer\u003c/a> and fall and is tied to more intense wildfires and heat waves. Temperatures in parts of the region are spiking again this week as firefighters battle \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ca-state-wire-california-fires-wildfires-4a22f9e6c31ebe2bef033586d8386f68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several wildfires\u003c/a> in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-oregon-wildfires-fires-22d608785b85d39b0fe8607d2af29177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other states\u003c/a> but are less extreme than the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-science-environment-and-nature-935be069af34aad472074d42097af85e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record heat wave\u003c/a> that may have caused hundreds of deaths in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-ecea3ed406610f352f5e3f64850b32f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> and British Columbia in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s most important reservoirs\u003c/a> are already at dangerously low levels and will likely reach historic lows later this year. Lake Oroville in Northern California is at 30% capacity, and state officials worry water levels could get so low they might have to shut down a hydroelectric plant later this year. Along the Russian River, officials fear Lake Mendocino could empty later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is jaw-dropping, what’s happening in the West Coast of the United States,” Newsom said Thursday during a news conference at Lopez Lake, a reservoir in San Luis Obispo County formed by a dam on the Arroyo Grande Creek that is at 34% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic drought tied to climate change is gripping the U.S. West and comes just a few years after California declared its last dry spell over in 2016. The earlier drought in California depleted groundwater supplies and changed how people use water, with many people and businesses ripping out landscaping and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to before the previous drought, urban water usage in California is down an average of 16%. But scientists say this drought is already hotter and drier than the earlier one, accelerating the impact on people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Mediterranean climate means it doesn’t get significant rain or snow until the winter. The state relies on snowmelt in the mountains to fill its reservoirs in the spring, which then provide water for farms, homes and fish throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big storms in January made officials optimistic about avoiding water shortages this year. But the soil was so dry that instead of melting into runoff to fill rivers and reservoirs, much of the snow in the mountains instead seeped into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we didn’t understand was we had this deepening and intensifying drought underground,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “It really is the speed at which the compounding effects of climate change in soil moisture and ambient temperatures have made this drought a very different kind of drought. It’s no longer a slow-moving train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how low California’s reservoirs already are, Nemeth said Newsom’s request for people to use less water is about planning for next year. The governor is asking for voluntary conservation efforts, such as taking shorter showers, running dishwashers only when they are full and reducing the frequency of watering lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta, a grassroots organization seeking to protect the San Francisco Bay Delta and its surrounding communities, called Newsom’s response “too little, too late.” She said her group and others warned the state at the end of 2020 to prepare for the drought, and added that Newsom has been given “bad advice” by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let too much of the water out of the system for industrial agriculture users,” she said. “Our water resources and public trust resources like salmon fisheries have been squandered for almonds and other unsustainable crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, meanwhile, have complained about their water allocations being severely cut this year. Nemeth said the state released water from Lake Oroville largely to satisfy water quality requirements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, formed by those two river systems that feed into the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We released more than we had planned because much of that water never made it to the delta — it was diverted by other water users instead,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local governments already have imposed mandatory water restrictions. And in Oregon, Gov. Kate Brown \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-droughts-dee2206521e42d939984b3ba7ab41aa1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> this week to stop watering lawns, washing windows at their offices and running fountains that don’t recirculate water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nevada-droughts-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-3bc619e46f902b2ebb77245fcf54e22a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> bans nearly a third of grass in the Las Vegas area, targeting ornamental turf at places like office parks and street medians. The ban does not apply to single-family homes, parks and golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Newsom on Thursday also added nine more counties to an emergency drought proclamation, which now covers 50 of the state’s 58 counties and 42% of the state’s population. The newly added counties are Inyo, Marin, Mono, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties included in the proclamation are eligible for various state actions, including suspension of some environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco, are not included in the proclamation. But Newsom is still asking people who live in heavily populated areas to reduce their water consumption because they rely on rivers and reservoirs in drought-stricken areas for much of their supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eight days ago, it rained over the western Pacific Ocean near Japan. There was nothing especially remarkable about this rain event, yet it made big waves twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it disturbed the atmosphere in just the right way to set off an undulation in the jet stream — a river of very strong winds in the upper atmosphere — that atmospheric scientists call a Rossby wave (or a planetary wave). Then the wave was guided eastward by the jet stream towards North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way the wave amplified, until it broke just like an ocean wave does when it approaches the shore. When the wave broke it created a region of high pressure that remained stationary over the North American northwest for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where our innocuous rain event made waves again: The locked region of high pressure air set off one of the most extraordinary heat waves we have ever seen, smashing temperature records in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and in Western Canada as far north as the Arctic. Lytton in British Columbia hit 49.6℃ this week before suffering \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-02/lytton-fire-record-temperatures-heat-dome-canada-heatwave/100261768\">a devastating wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Makes a Heat Wave?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1975665\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/07/Camping-Wildfire-1920x1280.jpg\"]While this heat wave has been extraordinary in many ways, its birth and evolution followed a well-known sequence of events that generate heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat waves occur when there is high air pressure at ground level. The high pressure is a result of air sinking through the atmosphere. As the air descends, the pressure increases, compressing the air and heating it up, just like in a bike pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sinking air has a big warming effect: The temperature increases by 1 degree for every 100 meters the air is pushed downward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-pressure systems are an intrinsic part of an atmospheric Rossby wave, and they travel along with the wave. Heat waves occur when the high-pressure systems stop moving and affect a particular region for a considerable time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this happens, the warming of the air by sinking alone can be further intensified by the ground heating the air — which is especially powerful if the ground was already dry. In the Northwestern U.S. and Western Canada, heat waves are compounded by the warming produced by air sinking after it crosses the Rocky Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Rossby Waves Drive Weather\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1975549\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/06/RS49952_056_MendocinoCounty_LakeMendocinoDrought_06112021-qut-1038x576.jpg\"]This leaves two questions: What makes a high-pressure system, and why does it stop moving?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we mentioned above, a high-pressure system is usually part of a specific type of wave in the atmosphere — a Rossby wave. These waves are very common, and they form when air is displaced north or south by mountains, other weather systems or large areas of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rossby waves are the main drivers of weather outside the tropics, including the changeable weather in the southern half of Australia. Occasionally, the waves grow so large that they overturn on themselves and break. The breaking of the waves is intimately involved in making them stationary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly, just as for the recent event, the seeds for the Rossby waves that trigger heat waves are located several thousands of kilometers to the west of their location. So for the Northwestern U.S., that’s the western Pacific. Australian heat waves are typically triggered by events in the Atlantic to the west of Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important feature of heat waves is that they are often accompanied by high rainfall closer to the equator. When southeast Australia experiences heatwaves, northern Australia often experiences rain. These rain events are not just side effects, but they actively enhance and prolong heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Does Climate Change Mean for Heat Waves?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1975443\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/06/RS50018_GettyImages-1229318331-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]Understanding the mechanics of what causes heat waves is very important if we want to know how they might change as the planet gets hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing Earth’s average surface temperature. However, while this average warming is the background for heat waves, the extremely high temperatures are produced by the movements of the atmosphere we talked about earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to know how heat waves will change as our planet warms, we need to know how the changing climate affects the weather events that produce them. This is a much more difficult question than knowing the change in global average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How will events that seed Rossby waves change? How will the jet streams change? Will more waves get big enough to break? Will high-pressure systems stay in one place for longer? Will the associated rainfall become more intense, and how might that affect the heat waves themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our answers to these questions are so far somewhat rudimentary. This is largely because some of the key processes involved are too detailed to be explicitly included in current large-scale climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate models agree that global warming will change the position and strength of the jet streams. However, the models disagree about what will happen to Rossby waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Climate Change to Weather Change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='climate']There is one thing we do know for sure: We need to up our game in understanding how the \u003cem>weather\u003c/em> is changing as our planet warms, because weather is what has the biggest impact on humans and natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, we will need to build computer models of the world’s climate that explicitly include some of the fine detail of weather (by fine detail, we mean anything about a kilometer in size).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This in turn will require investment in huge amounts of computing power for tools such as our national climate model, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.csiro.au/en/research/environmental-impacts/climate-change/access\">Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator\u003c/a> (ACCESS), and the computing and modelling infrastructure projects of the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) that support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We will also need to break down the artificial boundaries between weather and climate which exist in our research, our education and our public conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/christian-jakob-5393\">Christian Jakob\u003c/a> is a professor of atmospheric science at Monash University, a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/michael-reeder-318684\">Michael Reeder\u003c/a> is a professor of earth, atmosphere and environmental sciences, also at Monash University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-north-american-heatwave-shows-we-need-to-know-how-climate-change-will-change-our-weather-163802\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eight days ago, it rained over the western Pacific Ocean near Japan. There was nothing especially remarkable about this rain event, yet it made big waves twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it disturbed the atmosphere in just the right way to set off an undulation in the jet stream — a river of very strong winds in the upper atmosphere — that atmospheric scientists call a Rossby wave (or a planetary wave). Then the wave was guided eastward by the jet stream towards North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way the wave amplified, until it broke just like an ocean wave does when it approaches the shore. When the wave broke it created a region of high pressure that remained stationary over the North American northwest for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where our innocuous rain event made waves again: The locked region of high pressure air set off one of the most extraordinary heat waves we have ever seen, smashing temperature records in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and in Western Canada as far north as the Arctic. Lytton in British Columbia hit 49.6℃ this week before suffering \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-02/lytton-fire-record-temperatures-heat-dome-canada-heatwave/100261768\">a devastating wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While this heat wave has been extraordinary in many ways, its birth and evolution followed a well-known sequence of events that generate heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat waves occur when there is high air pressure at ground level. The high pressure is a result of air sinking through the atmosphere. As the air descends, the pressure increases, compressing the air and heating it up, just like in a bike pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sinking air has a big warming effect: The temperature increases by 1 degree for every 100 meters the air is pushed downward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-pressure systems are an intrinsic part of an atmospheric Rossby wave, and they travel along with the wave. Heat waves occur when the high-pressure systems stop moving and affect a particular region for a considerable time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this happens, the warming of the air by sinking alone can be further intensified by the ground heating the air — which is especially powerful if the ground was already dry. In the Northwestern U.S. and Western Canada, heat waves are compounded by the warming produced by air sinking after it crosses the Rocky Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Rossby Waves Drive Weather\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This leaves two questions: What makes a high-pressure system, and why does it stop moving?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we mentioned above, a high-pressure system is usually part of a specific type of wave in the atmosphere — a Rossby wave. These waves are very common, and they form when air is displaced north or south by mountains, other weather systems or large areas of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rossby waves are the main drivers of weather outside the tropics, including the changeable weather in the southern half of Australia. Occasionally, the waves grow so large that they overturn on themselves and break. The breaking of the waves is intimately involved in making them stationary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly, just as for the recent event, the seeds for the Rossby waves that trigger heat waves are located several thousands of kilometers to the west of their location. So for the Northwestern U.S., that’s the western Pacific. Australian heat waves are typically triggered by events in the Atlantic to the west of Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important feature of heat waves is that they are often accompanied by high rainfall closer to the equator. When southeast Australia experiences heatwaves, northern Australia often experiences rain. These rain events are not just side effects, but they actively enhance and prolong heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Does Climate Change Mean for Heat Waves?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Understanding the mechanics of what causes heat waves is very important if we want to know how they might change as the planet gets hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing Earth’s average surface temperature. However, while this average warming is the background for heat waves, the extremely high temperatures are produced by the movements of the atmosphere we talked about earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to know how heat waves will change as our planet warms, we need to know how the changing climate affects the weather events that produce them. This is a much more difficult question than knowing the change in global average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How will events that seed Rossby waves change? How will the jet streams change? Will more waves get big enough to break? Will high-pressure systems stay in one place for longer? Will the associated rainfall become more intense, and how might that affect the heat waves themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our answers to these questions are so far somewhat rudimentary. This is largely because some of the key processes involved are too detailed to be explicitly included in current large-scale climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate models agree that global warming will change the position and strength of the jet streams. However, the models disagree about what will happen to Rossby waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Climate Change to Weather Change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There is one thing we do know for sure: We need to up our game in understanding how the \u003cem>weather\u003c/em> is changing as our planet warms, because weather is what has the biggest impact on humans and natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, we will need to build computer models of the world’s climate that explicitly include some of the fine detail of weather (by fine detail, we mean anything about a kilometer in size).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This in turn will require investment in huge amounts of computing power for tools such as our national climate model, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.csiro.au/en/research/environmental-impacts/climate-change/access\">Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator\u003c/a> (ACCESS), and the computing and modelling infrastructure projects of the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) that support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We will also need to break down the artificial boundaries between weather and climate which exist in our research, our education and our public conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/christian-jakob-5393\">Christian Jakob\u003c/a> is a professor of atmospheric science at Monash University, a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/michael-reeder-318684\">Michael Reeder\u003c/a> is a professor of earth, atmosphere and environmental sciences, also at Monash University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-north-american-heatwave-shows-we-need-to-know-how-climate-change-will-change-our-weather-163802\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11878905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final.png\" alt=\"A Mark Fiore cartoon on climate change increasing heat, showing two scientists looking at a thermometer sign that rangest from, warm, warmest, hot, hottest, sweatiest, heat waviest, bakingest, meltiest, as one scientist says," we're going to need more superlatives."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1351\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-800x563.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-1020x718.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-160x113.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-1536x1081.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add “heat domes” to your climate change vocabulary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s heat wave and supercharged high-pressure zone points to \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreheatclimate\">more extreme weather\u003c/a>, with more high temperatures forecast for \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/local/article/Bay-Area-feels-relief-from-record-breaking-heat-16261004.php\">later this week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat domes make the drought in the West even worse and, according to climate scientist Daniel Swain, “there’s a crystal clear human fingerprint on extreme heat and extreme heat events … climate change is making these sorts of things worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1407363905257496579\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sigh. Summertime seems to be getting less fun every year …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11878905\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final.png\" alt=\"A Mark Fiore cartoon on climate change increasing heat, showing two scientists looking at a thermometer sign that rangest from, warm, warmest, hot, hottest, sweatiest, heat waviest, bakingest, meltiest, as one scientist says," we're going to need more superlatives."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1351\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-800x563.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-1020x718.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-160x113.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/superlatives_062221_final-1536x1081.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add “heat domes” to your climate change vocabulary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s heat wave and supercharged high-pressure zone points to \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreheatclimate\">more extreme weather\u003c/a>, with more high temperatures forecast for \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/local/article/Bay-Area-feels-relief-from-record-breaking-heat-16261004.php\">later this week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat domes make the drought in the West even worse and, according to climate scientist Daniel Swain, “there’s a crystal clear human fingerprint on extreme heat and extreme heat events … climate change is making these sorts of things worse.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Sigh. Summertime seems to be getting less fun every year …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6 p.m. Thursday, June 17\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As demand for air conditioning spikes amid a statewide siege of triple-digit heat, the agency that runs California’s electrical grid has extended an alert that asks consumers to conserve power. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Flex-Alert-Extended-a-Second-Day-Through-Friday.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Flex Alert\u003c/a> from the California Independent System Operator calls on residents to make a special effort to minimize electricity use between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. Thursday and from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a media briefing Wednesday, the grid manager said it called the alert after forecasting a relatively small shortfall in power available to the grid as electricity demand peaks Thursday afternoon. With another hot day looming Friday, the agency decided to extend the alert into a second day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://flexalert.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Flex Alert\u003c/a> is a statewide request for consumers to take a series of steps Thursday and Friday evenings: \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Set thermostats to 78 degrees or higher, if health permits\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid using major appliances\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off all unnecessary lights\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use fans for cooling and unplug unused electrical items\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California ISO also suggests that consumers can take several steps to prepare before the alert takes effect, including: \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Precool\" homes and apartments by lowering air conditioner thermostat settings\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use major appliances, like your dishwasher, and clothes washer and dryer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Close window coverings to keep your home or apartment cool\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Charge electric vehicles and electronic devices before the alert takes effect\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“We certainly know from experience, including last August and September, that Californians can make a huge difference in helping maintain overall grid stability by taking these very straight-forward and pragmatic steps to help conserve,” California ISO President and CEO Elliot Mainzer said during the media briefing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California ISO had forecasted Thursday's power demand will peak at about 43,000 megawatts between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. — an estimate that declined during the day as cool conditions prevailed in coastal Southern California. Friday's forecast peak is a bit lower -- about 41,400 megawatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those estimates 10% to 12% less than the highest level of demand last Aug. 14, when the grid's reserve capacity was exhausted and California ISO directed the state's biggest electrical utilities to initiate rotating power outages. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11878348 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/GettyImages-1228332986-1020x680.jpg']The agency said several factors make it unlikely that the state will see a return of rolling blackouts Thursday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them: More natural gas-fired generation capacity within California; an increased level of battery storage for power generated by renewable sources like solar and wind; greater availability of power from the Pacific Northwest, which is largely unaffected by the current heat wave and thus has more electricity to export to California; and relatively mild temperatures along the California coast, which is reducing statewide demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave that's stressing the power grid is forecast to bring triple-digit temperatures to much of the state through Saturday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By early Thursday afternoon, the mercury had soared past the 110 mark in the state's southeastern desert region, with Palm Springs hitting 123 degrees by 4 p.m., shattering the record of 115 for June 17, set in 2017, and tying its all-time record. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, Travis Air Force Base, outside Fairfield in Solano County, reported a record-setting 110 degrees. The old record, 103, was set in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6 p.m. Thursday, June 17\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As demand for air conditioning spikes amid a statewide siege of triple-digit heat, the agency that runs California’s electrical grid has extended an alert that asks consumers to conserve power. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Flex-Alert-Extended-a-Second-Day-Through-Friday.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Flex Alert\u003c/a> from the California Independent System Operator calls on residents to make a special effort to minimize electricity use between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. Thursday and from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a media briefing Wednesday, the grid manager said it called the alert after forecasting a relatively small shortfall in power available to the grid as electricity demand peaks Thursday afternoon. With another hot day looming Friday, the agency decided to extend the alert into a second day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://flexalert.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Flex Alert\u003c/a> is a statewide request for consumers to take a series of steps Thursday and Friday evenings: \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Set thermostats to 78 degrees or higher, if health permits\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid using major appliances\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off all unnecessary lights\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use fans for cooling and unplug unused electrical items\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California ISO also suggests that consumers can take several steps to prepare before the alert takes effect, including: \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\"Precool\" homes and apartments by lowering air conditioner thermostat settings\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use major appliances, like your dishwasher, and clothes washer and dryer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Close window coverings to keep your home or apartment cool\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Charge electric vehicles and electronic devices before the alert takes effect\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“We certainly know from experience, including last August and September, that Californians can make a huge difference in helping maintain overall grid stability by taking these very straight-forward and pragmatic steps to help conserve,” California ISO President and CEO Elliot Mainzer said during the media briefing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California ISO had forecasted Thursday's power demand will peak at about 43,000 megawatts between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. — an estimate that declined during the day as cool conditions prevailed in coastal Southern California. Friday's forecast peak is a bit lower -- about 41,400 megawatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those estimates 10% to 12% less than the highest level of demand last Aug. 14, when the grid's reserve capacity was exhausted and California ISO directed the state's biggest electrical utilities to initiate rotating power outages. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The agency said several factors make it unlikely that the state will see a return of rolling blackouts Thursday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them: More natural gas-fired generation capacity within California; an increased level of battery storage for power generated by renewable sources like solar and wind; greater availability of power from the Pacific Northwest, which is largely unaffected by the current heat wave and thus has more electricity to export to California; and relatively mild temperatures along the California coast, which is reducing statewide demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave that's stressing the power grid is forecast to bring triple-digit temperatures to much of the state through Saturday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By early Thursday afternoon, the mercury had soared past the 110 mark in the state's southeastern desert region, with Palm Springs hitting 123 degrees by 4 p.m., shattering the record of 115 for June 17, set in 2017, and tying its all-time record. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, Travis Air Force Base, outside Fairfield in Solano County, reported a record-setting 110 degrees. The old record, 103, was set in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "During Rolling Blackouts Last Summer, California Kept Exporting Power Out of State. There's Still No Permanent Fix",
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"content": "\u003cp>When hundreds of thousands of Californians lost power during a heat wave over two evenings last August, California was also — unbeknownst to most ratepayers — exporting thousands of megawatts of power to neighboring states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rolling blackouts, the first in two decades, have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842647/what-caused-augusts-rolling-blackouts-experts-say-its-still-not-totally-clear\">largely blamed\u003c/a> on factors like climate change-induced heat waves and the state’s large-scale transition to renewable energy generation. And while the California Independent System Operator — which manages 80% of the state’s grid — has acknowledged it also allowed power exports at the time, the state has yet to come up with a permanent fix to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rotating outages didn’t last long, cutting the lights for only a small fraction of the state’s 40 million residents. Just under half a million homes and businesses went dark for as long as 2½ hours on Aug. 14, with another 321,000 utility customers losing power for up to 90 minutes the following evening. While relatively minor compared to last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">massive electricity shutoffs\u003c/a> aimed at preventing power lines from sparking wildfires, the mishap exposed a host of statewide grid issues and poor planning, a cautionary tale as California heads into what promises to be another hot, dry summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first readiness test has already come this week, with a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1404531752823975938?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">major heat wave\u003c/a> that continues to hit much of the state. Those conditions have prompted California ISO to issue its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878332\">Flex Alert\u003c/a> of the year — urging people to conserve energy between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. on Thursday to prevent a repeat of the 2020 blackouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the California Public Utilities Commission directed the state’s utility companies to line up more power supplies, including from natural gas plants. Energy storage and conservation efforts have also gotten a boost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts came after California ISO, the CPUC and the California Energy Commission also laid partial blame for last summer’s blackouts on scheduling coordinators — the liaisons between power plants and California ISO — whom they said failed to secure enough power resources ahead of what ended up being two of the hottest days of the year, according to a “\u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Preliminary-Root-Cause-Analysis-Rotating-Outages-August-2020.pdf\">root-cause analysis\u003c/a>” demanded last year by Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"power-grid\"]At the same time, a software problem signaled that California had excess power that it could comfortably export to other states. As it turned out, though, power demand in California exceeded what was actually available. The report cited “convergence bidding,” a financial tool that energy traders use to bet on what the state’s power needs will be for the following day. Although intended to help keep electricity prices stable, the mechanism instead “masked tight supply conditions” during the August heat wave, the analysis concluded. California ISO \u003ca href=\"https://energycentral.com/news/trying-avoid-repeat-last-summers-blackouts\">later said\u003c/a> it had fixed the software flaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western states routinely exchange power. To keep up with its massive energy needs in real time, California \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=46156\">imports\u003c/a> more power from its neighbors — mainly Nevada and Arizona — than any other state. It also returns the favor, exporting excess power when neighbors need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last summer’s rolling blackouts accelerated debate over California’s role in moving power across state lines when demand spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they prioritized exports at the expense of [California’s] load is mind-boggling,” said Rick Humphreys, a retired engineer and power reliability expert. “Where’s the dividing line between being nice to your neighbors and being overly nice to your neighbors at the expense of California customers?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after months of meetings, stakeholder calls and workshops aimed at ensuring the state’s grid operators and regulators are prepared for this summer, the debate is expected to continue well into next year. For now, California ISO has proposed temporary changes to market rules that aim to prioritize California’s needs, including some restrictions on trades that use California’s grid as a pathway to transport power from one state to another — known as “wheel-through transactions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical the CAISO have reasonable measures in place to address this situation more effectively,” the grid operator wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Apr28-2021-Tariff-Amendment-Load-Exports-and-Wheeling-Tariff-Amendment-ER21-1790.pdf\">proposal \u003c/a>it has asked the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to approve by the end of this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going into this summer, California ISO and the CPUC’s Energy Division have at times clashed over the specifics of the updated rules. While the CPUC has been generally supportive of the proposed changes, it has also questioned whether they go far enough, specifically raising concerns that they will still prioritize wheel-through transactions over the state’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If allowed to continue, [this] will seriously jeopardize reliability in the state and undermine the resource adequacy and transmission planning processes,” CPUC regulatory analyst Michele Kito wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://stakeholdercenter.caiso.com/Comments/AllComments/2baf326f-dddd-485d-b374-4a2695c1dce5\">recent comments\u003c/a> on California ISO’s market reform proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conditions in the run-up to last summer’s rolling blackouts — when California ISO allowed exports of more than 4,000 megawatts of electricity (enough to power approximately 3 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/about/Pages/OurBusiness/Understanding-electricity.aspx#:~:text=Megawatt,of%20day%20and%20other%20factors.\">homes\u003c/a>) — serve as an example of what happens when exports and wheel-through trades are given priority during tight conditions, Kito wrote. “A durable solution will need to be developed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California ISO has expressed confidence that its changes will help California through this summer, despite reduced hydropower capacity due to drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are members of a vastly interwoven western electricity market, both importing and exporting energy. Our transmission system is built to accomplish that,” California ISO President and CEO Elliot Mainzer said on a media call Wednesday afternoon. But he also signaled that the status quo may be changing. “We are really moving into a mode where what we used to consider one-in-30-year events are becoming truly a new normal, which will force some level of rethinking of what that dependency could look like.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Loretta Lynch, former California Public Utilities Commission president\"]‘My biggest concern here is if California doesn’t get this right, not only does this cost us money, it hurts real people.’[/pullquote]More adjustments are on the horizon, according to Ben Hobbs, chair of California ISO’s Market Surveillance Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never been as clear as we should have been about who has rights to use California’s grid,” Hobbs said, adding that California’s dependence on imports means it must play nice with other states. “If we just said to Arizona that they can’t use our grid for wheel-through power anymore, that would really upset how things have gone for decades. You can bet Arizona is going to be really ticked off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hobbs said California consumers must be willing to pay higher prices to secure power when competition with other states tightens during a crunch. He likens the state-to-state competition for energy to a game of musical chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If prices here are $100 or $150 [per megawatt-hour], whereas Arizona is willing to pay $2,000 at a time that we’re curtailing load, we’re not going to get our fanny in the chair when the music stops. That’s a particular thing that needs to be fixed,” Hobbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others have blasted the idea of allowing higher prices, especially with so many lingering questions about last year’s rolling blackouts, including what they ultimately cost ratepayers — a price tag that California ISO says it has no plans to tally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would California want to expose itself to a game of musical chairs when it comes to safety and our economy?” said Loretta Lynch, who was president of the CPUC during California’s 2000-2001 energy crisis. “We should require the CPUC and California ISO to use their regulatory and enforcement authority to lock in clean electricity at reasonable prices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch has called on California’s attorney general to investigate California ISO’s role in last year’s rolling blackouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest concern here is if California doesn’t get this right, not only does this cost us money, it hurts real people,” Lynch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joanna Gardias and Dominic Moscatello are UC Berkeley undergraduate students. They contributed to this story after completing a course on energy regulation at the Goldman School of Public Policy taught by Steve Weissman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "During Rolling Blackouts Last Summer, California Kept Exporting Power Out of State. There's Still No Permanent Fix",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When hundreds of thousands of Californians lost power during a heat wave over two evenings last August, California was also — unbeknownst to most ratepayers — exporting thousands of megawatts of power to neighboring states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rolling blackouts, the first in two decades, have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11842647/what-caused-augusts-rolling-blackouts-experts-say-its-still-not-totally-clear\">largely blamed\u003c/a> on factors like climate change-induced heat waves and the state’s large-scale transition to renewable energy generation. And while the California Independent System Operator — which manages 80% of the state’s grid — has acknowledged it also allowed power exports at the time, the state has yet to come up with a permanent fix to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rotating outages didn’t last long, cutting the lights for only a small fraction of the state’s 40 million residents. Just under half a million homes and businesses went dark for as long as 2½ hours on Aug. 14, with another 321,000 utility customers losing power for up to 90 minutes the following evening. While relatively minor compared to last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">massive electricity shutoffs\u003c/a> aimed at preventing power lines from sparking wildfires, the mishap exposed a host of statewide grid issues and poor planning, a cautionary tale as California heads into what promises to be another hot, dry summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s first readiness test has already come this week, with a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1404531752823975938?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">major heat wave\u003c/a> that continues to hit much of the state. Those conditions have prompted California ISO to issue its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878332\">Flex Alert\u003c/a> of the year — urging people to conserve energy between 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. on Thursday to prevent a repeat of the 2020 blackouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the California Public Utilities Commission directed the state’s utility companies to line up more power supplies, including from natural gas plants. Energy storage and conservation efforts have also gotten a boost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These efforts came after California ISO, the CPUC and the California Energy Commission also laid partial blame for last summer’s blackouts on scheduling coordinators — the liaisons between power plants and California ISO — whom they said failed to secure enough power resources ahead of what ended up being two of the hottest days of the year, according to a “\u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Preliminary-Root-Cause-Analysis-Rotating-Outages-August-2020.pdf\">root-cause analysis\u003c/a>” demanded last year by Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the same time, a software problem signaled that California had excess power that it could comfortably export to other states. As it turned out, though, power demand in California exceeded what was actually available. The report cited “convergence bidding,” a financial tool that energy traders use to bet on what the state’s power needs will be for the following day. Although intended to help keep electricity prices stable, the mechanism instead “masked tight supply conditions” during the August heat wave, the analysis concluded. California ISO \u003ca href=\"https://energycentral.com/news/trying-avoid-repeat-last-summers-blackouts\">later said\u003c/a> it had fixed the software flaw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western states routinely exchange power. To keep up with its massive energy needs in real time, California \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=46156\">imports\u003c/a> more power from its neighbors — mainly Nevada and Arizona — than any other state. It also returns the favor, exporting excess power when neighbors need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last summer’s rolling blackouts accelerated debate over California’s role in moving power across state lines when demand spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they prioritized exports at the expense of [California’s] load is mind-boggling,” said Rick Humphreys, a retired engineer and power reliability expert. “Where’s the dividing line between being nice to your neighbors and being overly nice to your neighbors at the expense of California customers?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after months of meetings, stakeholder calls and workshops aimed at ensuring the state’s grid operators and regulators are prepared for this summer, the debate is expected to continue well into next year. For now, California ISO has proposed temporary changes to market rules that aim to prioritize California’s needs, including some restrictions on trades that use California’s grid as a pathway to transport power from one state to another — known as “wheel-through transactions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is critical the CAISO have reasonable measures in place to address this situation more effectively,” the grid operator wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/Apr28-2021-Tariff-Amendment-Load-Exports-and-Wheeling-Tariff-Amendment-ER21-1790.pdf\">proposal \u003c/a>it has asked the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to approve by the end of this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going into this summer, California ISO and the CPUC’s Energy Division have at times clashed over the specifics of the updated rules. While the CPUC has been generally supportive of the proposed changes, it has also questioned whether they go far enough, specifically raising concerns that they will still prioritize wheel-through transactions over the state’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If allowed to continue, [this] will seriously jeopardize reliability in the state and undermine the resource adequacy and transmission planning processes,” CPUC regulatory analyst Michele Kito wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://stakeholdercenter.caiso.com/Comments/AllComments/2baf326f-dddd-485d-b374-4a2695c1dce5\">recent comments\u003c/a> on California ISO’s market reform proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conditions in the run-up to last summer’s rolling blackouts — when California ISO allowed exports of more than 4,000 megawatts of electricity (enough to power approximately 3 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/about/Pages/OurBusiness/Understanding-electricity.aspx#:~:text=Megawatt,of%20day%20and%20other%20factors.\">homes\u003c/a>) — serve as an example of what happens when exports and wheel-through trades are given priority during tight conditions, Kito wrote. “A durable solution will need to be developed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California ISO has expressed confidence that its changes will help California through this summer, despite reduced hydropower capacity due to drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are members of a vastly interwoven western electricity market, both importing and exporting energy. Our transmission system is built to accomplish that,” California ISO President and CEO Elliot Mainzer said on a media call Wednesday afternoon. But he also signaled that the status quo may be changing. “We are really moving into a mode where what we used to consider one-in-30-year events are becoming truly a new normal, which will force some level of rethinking of what that dependency could look like.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘My biggest concern here is if California doesn’t get this right, not only does this cost us money, it hurts real people.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>More adjustments are on the horizon, according to Ben Hobbs, chair of California ISO’s Market Surveillance Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never been as clear as we should have been about who has rights to use California’s grid,” Hobbs said, adding that California’s dependence on imports means it must play nice with other states. “If we just said to Arizona that they can’t use our grid for wheel-through power anymore, that would really upset how things have gone for decades. You can bet Arizona is going to be really ticked off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hobbs said California consumers must be willing to pay higher prices to secure power when competition with other states tightens during a crunch. He likens the state-to-state competition for energy to a game of musical chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If prices here are $100 or $150 [per megawatt-hour], whereas Arizona is willing to pay $2,000 at a time that we’re curtailing load, we’re not going to get our fanny in the chair when the music stops. That’s a particular thing that needs to be fixed,” Hobbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others have blasted the idea of allowing higher prices, especially with so many lingering questions about last year’s rolling blackouts, including what they ultimately cost ratepayers — a price tag that California ISO says it has no plans to tally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would California want to expose itself to a game of musical chairs when it comes to safety and our economy?” said Loretta Lynch, who was president of the CPUC during California’s 2000-2001 energy crisis. “We should require the CPUC and California ISO to use their regulatory and enforcement authority to lock in clean electricity at reasonable prices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch has called on California’s attorney general to investigate California ISO’s role in last year’s rolling blackouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest concern here is if California doesn’t get this right, not only does this cost us money, it hurts real people,” Lynch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Joanna Gardias and Dominic Moscatello are UC Berkeley undergraduate students. They contributed to this story after completing a course on energy regulation at the Goldman School of Public Policy taught by Steve Weissman.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rescuers in military helicopters airlifted 207 people to safety after an explosive wildfire trapped them in the Sierra National Forest, one of dozens of fires burning Sunday amid record-breaking temperatures that strained the state’s electrical grid and could lead to planned power outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Office of Emergency Services said Black Hawk and Chinook helicopters were used for the rescues that began late Saturday and continued overnight. At least two people were severely injured and 10 more suffered moderate injuries. Two campers refused rescue and stayed behind, the Madera County Sheriff’s Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1302634100843372544\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A photo tweeted by the California National Guard showed at least 20 evacuees crammed inside one helicopter, crouched on the floor clutching their belongings. In another photo taken on the ground from a helicopter cockpit, the densely wooded hills surrounding the aircraft were in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Sunday afternoon, smoke had blocked the sun and fire threatened a marina and cabins along Shaver Lake. Jack Machado helped friends remove propane tanks from the lodge Cottages at the Point. Sheriff’s deputies went through the tiny town to make sure residents complied with evacuation orders. [aside postID=news_11834901]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lake is totally engulfed with smoke. You can’t hardly see in front of you,” Machado said. “The sky’s turning red. It looks like Mars out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some campers were rescued by helicopters, others made a white-knuckle drive to safety. Juliana Park recorded video of flames on both sides of her car as she and others fled down a mountain road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A backpacking trip cut short by unforeseen thunder, ash rain, and having to drive through literal fire to evacuate #SierraNationalForest in time,” Park tweeted. “Grateful to the SNF ranger who led us down … wish we got her name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire, named the Creek Fire, started Friday and by Saturday afternoon exploded in size, jumped the San Joaquin River and cut off the only road into the Mammoth Pool Campground, national forest spokesman Dan Tune said. At least 2,000 structures were threatened in the area northeast of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire had charred more than 71 square miles of timber with no containment and temperatures in the area topped 100 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to spread triple-digit temperatures over much of the state through Monday. Temperatures broke records in San Francisco as well as other parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1302700500253511680\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exceptionally high temperatures were driving the highest power use of the year and transmission losses due to wildfires have cut into supplies. Eric Schmitt of the California Independent System Operator that manages the state’s power grid said up to 3 million customers could lose power for up to four hours Sunday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said where those outages occur are up to local utilities. The Creek Fire forced the closure of a 915-megawatt hydropower station in Madera County and a wildfire in Southern California cut transmission lines carrying hundreds of additional kilowatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal ISO was projecting a 4,000-megawatt shortfall and urged people to conserve electricity by not using appliances and keeping air conditioners at 78 degrees or above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/California_ISO/status/1302706909355470849\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s fair to say that without significant conservation and help from customers today we’ll have to have some rolling outages,” Cal ISO Vice President Eric Schmitt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric, the state’s largest utility, warned customers that it might cut power starting Tuesday because of expected high winds and heat that could create even greater fire danger. Some of the state’s largest and deadliest fires in recent years have been sparked by downed power lines and other utility equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mammoth Pool Reservoir is about 35 miles northeast of Fresno. It’s surrounded by thick pine forests and is a popular destination for boating and fishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bone-dry conditions and the hot weather fueled the flames once the fire started and it grew seven-fold to 55 square miles within a few hours Saturday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the fire gets going, it creates its own weather, adding wind to increase the spread,” Tune said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lindsey Abbott and her family were guided to safety by a stranger they followed down from their campsite near Whisky Falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was so hot, you could feel the flames going through the window,” she told ABC30 in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"wildfire\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Wagner was among those rescued, along with two relatives and a friend. They were trapped in Logan’s Meadow behind Wagner’s Store, a 63-year-old business run by her aunt that was destroyed. “My family’s history just went up in flames,” Wagner told the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said nearly 12,500 firefighters were battling more than 20 major fires in the state. Despite the heat, firefighters were able to contain two major fires in coastal Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has seen 900 wildfires since Aug. 15, many of them started by an intense series of thousands of lightning strikes. The blazes have burned more than 1.5 million acres. There have been eight fire deaths and nearly 3,300 structures destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashley Wagner was among those rescued, along with two relatives and a friend. They were trapped in Logan’s Meadow behind Wagner’s Store, a 63-year-old business run by her aunt that was destroyed. “My family’s history just went up in flames,” Wagner told the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said nearly 12,500 firefighters were battling more than 20 major fires in the state. Despite the heat, firefighters were able to contain two major fires in coastal Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has seen 900 wildfires since Aug. 15, many of them started by an intense series of thousands of lightning strikes. The blazes have burned more than 1.5 million acres. There have been eight fire deaths and nearly 3,300 structures destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"soldout": {
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"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"info": "",
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"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"ted-radio-hour": {
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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