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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8 p.m. Tuesday:\u003c/strong> The West Contra Costa Unified School District Board of Education on Tuesday evening voted unanimously to appoint Kim Moses as interim superintendent. Moses, who is currently the associate superintendent of business services for the district, will officially take on the role of interim superintendent in December, following the retirement of current Superintendent Kenneth Hurst. The vote took place during a closed session board meeting at DeJean Middle School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">The board will begin the search for a permanent superintendent later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, 4:30 p.m. Tuesday: \u003c/strong>The West Contra Costa Unified School District board is expected to appoint an interim superintendent on Tuesday, a day after current Superintendent Kenneth Hurst \u003ca href=\"https://richmondside.org/2024/09/30/wccusd-superintendent-announces-retirement/\">announced plans to step down\u003c/a> in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurst’s announcement, in which he cites family health problems as the main reason for his departure, comes as the district faces long-standing issues with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/We-are-in-a-crisis-West-Contra-Costa-17660471.php\">staffing shortages\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://richmondconfidential.org/2023/06/28/wccusd-budget-cuts-involvency-looms/\">financial solvency\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ccpulse.org/2024/03/21/wccusd-school-board-says-its-received-threats-racist-messages/\">racism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Family and faith are at the core of what I am, and I must prioritize them at this time.” Hurst, who became superintendent in 2021, said in \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/HjkVe7vSNqM\">a video announcement\u003c/a> on Monday. “I am incredibly proud of the progress we’ve made as a district, and I know that the dedicated leadership team we’ve built will continue this work to support our students and staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, the district — which serves the cities of Richmond, El Cerrito, San Pablo, Hercules and Pinole — has been hit with a series of setbacks, including a\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/lawsuit-against-west-contra-costa-schools-could-set-precedent-for-how-districts-handle-complaints/717945\"> civil rights lawsuit\u003c/a> over school building conditions and teacher vacancies. It also\u003ca href=\"https://richmondside.org/2024/06/27/west-contra-costa-school-board-fails-to-adopt-2024-25-budget/\"> failed to pass its budget on time \u003c/a>and was forced to \u003ca href=\"https://ccpulse.org/2024/08/09/problems-at-stege-elementary-now-temporarily-closed-had-happened-too-long/\">close an elementary school\u003c/a> because of environmental hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"west-contra-costa-unified-school-district\"]“It just adds to the instability in the district,” said Gabby Micheletti, vice president of United Teachers of Richmond, the union representing over 1,000 educators in the district. “As educators, we’re really here to ensure students are receiving the education and services they need and deserve despite all the chaos going on at the top.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://richmondconfidential.org/2024/10/01/richmoond-wccusd-purpose-based-budget-deficit/\">drop in enrollment and lack of attendance due to chronic absenteeism\u003c/a> have led to a significant decrease in district funding, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/west-contra-costa-unified-braces-for-more-major-budget-cuts/686328\">forcing the school board to make major budget cuts \u003c/a>over the past few years, even as it still faces a deficit of more than $20 million in the next three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its ongoing challenges, Micheletti thinks the transition to new leadership can be a smooth one that benefits the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are hopeful that, as we look for a new superintendent, we can find someone who is really student-centered, ready to really uplift the values of equity and inclusivity in this district, and ensuring that all our students are getting what they need,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his video announcement on Monday, Hurst said he believes the district is in good hands with the current school board and executive team that oversees the district’s departments, most of whom were appointed this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The district is in a strong place with a clear vision for the future,” he said. “I’m confident that our leadership, teachers and staff will continue to carry forth the important work we’ve started in ensuring every student has the opportunity to succeed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That work, according to a press release from the district, includes an equity audit, improvements to staffing and fiscal health, and the creation of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wccusd.net/collegeandcareerpathways\">24 Career Technical Education\u003c/a> pathways — which provide students with experience in select careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His commitment to anti-racism has left a lasting legacy,” WCCUSD Board President Jamela Smith-Folds said in the release. “While we are saddened to see him retire, we fully support his decision to prioritize his family at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Darden, a parent of a student at Harding Elementary in El Cerrito, called Hurst an advocate for the district’s students and teachers but mentioned a long-standing lack of transparency in the district predating Hurst’s tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to see much more transparency around where our dollars are going and what the prioritization process is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darden’s comments echo the feelings of other district parents who, in June, sought to block the board from passing part of the 2024–25 budget because they said they were not involved in the process as state law requires. The board eventually passed the budget last month after making revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8 p.m. Tuesday:\u003c/strong> The West Contra Costa Unified School District Board of Education on Tuesday evening voted unanimously to appoint Kim Moses as interim superintendent. Moses, who is currently the associate superintendent of business services for the district, will officially take on the role of interim superintendent in December, following the retirement of current Superintendent Kenneth Hurst. The vote took place during a closed session board meeting at DeJean Middle School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">The board will begin the search for a permanent superintendent later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, 4:30 p.m. Tuesday: \u003c/strong>The West Contra Costa Unified School District board is expected to appoint an interim superintendent on Tuesday, a day after current Superintendent Kenneth Hurst \u003ca href=\"https://richmondside.org/2024/09/30/wccusd-superintendent-announces-retirement/\">announced plans to step down\u003c/a> in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hurst’s announcement, in which he cites family health problems as the main reason for his departure, comes as the district faces long-standing issues with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/We-are-in-a-crisis-West-Contra-Costa-17660471.php\">staffing shortages\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://richmondconfidential.org/2023/06/28/wccusd-budget-cuts-involvency-looms/\">financial solvency\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ccpulse.org/2024/03/21/wccusd-school-board-says-its-received-threats-racist-messages/\">racism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Family and faith are at the core of what I am, and I must prioritize them at this time.” Hurst, who became superintendent in 2021, said in \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/HjkVe7vSNqM\">a video announcement\u003c/a> on Monday. “I am incredibly proud of the progress we’ve made as a district, and I know that the dedicated leadership team we’ve built will continue this work to support our students and staff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, the district — which serves the cities of Richmond, El Cerrito, San Pablo, Hercules and Pinole — has been hit with a series of setbacks, including a\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/lawsuit-against-west-contra-costa-schools-could-set-precedent-for-how-districts-handle-complaints/717945\"> civil rights lawsuit\u003c/a> over school building conditions and teacher vacancies. It also\u003ca href=\"https://richmondside.org/2024/06/27/west-contra-costa-school-board-fails-to-adopt-2024-25-budget/\"> failed to pass its budget on time \u003c/a>and was forced to \u003ca href=\"https://ccpulse.org/2024/08/09/problems-at-stege-elementary-now-temporarily-closed-had-happened-too-long/\">close an elementary school\u003c/a> because of environmental hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It just adds to the instability in the district,” said Gabby Micheletti, vice president of United Teachers of Richmond, the union representing over 1,000 educators in the district. “As educators, we’re really here to ensure students are receiving the education and services they need and deserve despite all the chaos going on at the top.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://richmondconfidential.org/2024/10/01/richmoond-wccusd-purpose-based-budget-deficit/\">drop in enrollment and lack of attendance due to chronic absenteeism\u003c/a> have led to a significant decrease in district funding, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/west-contra-costa-unified-braces-for-more-major-budget-cuts/686328\">forcing the school board to make major budget cuts \u003c/a>over the past few years, even as it still faces a deficit of more than $20 million in the next three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite its ongoing challenges, Micheletti thinks the transition to new leadership can be a smooth one that benefits the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are hopeful that, as we look for a new superintendent, we can find someone who is really student-centered, ready to really uplift the values of equity and inclusivity in this district, and ensuring that all our students are getting what they need,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his video announcement on Monday, Hurst said he believes the district is in good hands with the current school board and executive team that oversees the district’s departments, most of whom were appointed this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The district is in a strong place with a clear vision for the future,” he said. “I’m confident that our leadership, teachers and staff will continue to carry forth the important work we’ve started in ensuring every student has the opportunity to succeed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That work, according to a press release from the district, includes an equity audit, improvements to staffing and fiscal health, and the creation of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wccusd.net/collegeandcareerpathways\">24 Career Technical Education\u003c/a> pathways — which provide students with experience in select careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His commitment to anti-racism has left a lasting legacy,” WCCUSD Board President Jamela Smith-Folds said in the release. “While we are saddened to see him retire, we fully support his decision to prioritize his family at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Darden, a parent of a student at Harding Elementary in El Cerrito, called Hurst an advocate for the district’s students and teachers but mentioned a long-standing lack of transparency in the district predating Hurst’s tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would love to see much more transparency around where our dollars are going and what the prioritization process is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darden’s comments echo the feelings of other district parents who, in June, sought to block the board from passing part of the 2024–25 budget because they said they were not involved in the process as state law requires. The board eventually passed the budget last month after making revisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lead Problems in Oakland Schools’ Drinking Water Could Cost Over $50 Million to Fix",
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"content": "\u003cp>As parents and educators call for stricter lead regulations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002387/oakland-schools-official-calls-for-state-federal-help-after-lead-contamination-findings\">Oakland schools\u003c/a>, district directors worry about the budget needed to remediate the issue — which could cost more than $50 million at the high end of estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The costs were discussed at a Monday special meeting of the Oakland school board and the City Council’s Education Partnership Committee, where officials said the district was making progress in installing safe drinking sources and testing water fixtures after over 185 water sources across 22 Oakland schools tested above district limits for lead ahead of this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the tests were done as far back as April, but school communities did not find out that their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12000525/water-at-22-oakland-schools-tested-high-for-lead-its-no-surprise-parents-and-teachers-say\">water sources were contaminated\u003c/a> until Aug. 12 — the first week of the school year for the Oakland Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the district has repaired the fixtures where lead was detected, started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002005/oakland-schools-vow-to-step-up-lead-testing-but-teachers-arent-convinced\">tiered system to test all schools’ fixtures\u003c/a> by the end of the year, and installed new water bottle filling stations. However, in the longer term, it will need to decide how often to test which fixtures and what additional repairs might be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district is currently estimating that full remediation could cost between $16 million and $53 million, OUSD Chief Systems and Services Officer Preston Thomas said during the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of scary how much it costs,” Councilmember Dan Kalb said. “Thirty, $40, $50 million — that’s scary because people are drinking this water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated families think the district should be doing more to address the problem. Nate Landry, whose daughter attends Edna Brewer Middle School, said installing additional Flowater bottle-filling systems is a good start but not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12005223 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/230802-OAKLAND-CITY-HALL-MHN-02_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that’s sort of somewhere between a Band-Aid and a suture. It’s not really the solution that we’re looking for,” Landry told KQED. They led a community rally outside the meeting to call on the district to meet a list of demands, including stricter parts-per-billion lead standards and better communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re looking for is not only accountability for why there was this complete sort of failure in communication, but also we’re looking for a comprehensive analysis of where the contamination points are at any given school site and how those will be addressed,” Landry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the longer term, the district plans to analyze how extensive the remediation will need to be, but how it will pay for the work it identifies is unclear. Thomas said further testing would help OUSD determine where repairing the fixtures got rid of lead or where larger systems, like the pipes, might be the root of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are ongoing in testing every day as we speak right now, and then we will circle back to those schools at the end of this school year to do a second round of testing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the district has installed 50 of 60 new FloWater bottle-filling systems, which routinely test extremely low for lead, Thomas said at the meeting. All of the fixtures where lead was initially detected have been repaired and are awaiting retesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OUSD also has plans to install 88 more FloWater stations by the end of the year, aiming to have one water fountain per every 200 students on a school site. Installing the additional Flowater systems will cost an estimated $1.5 million, plus more than half a million to maintain annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger cost of remediation comes as Oakland and its school district are both dealing with budget deficits. School board Vice President Mike Hutchinson said there isn’t much money left unaccounted for in the budget set aside for facilities through recent bond measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District leaders at Monday’s meeting asked about using funds from a settlement initiated in 2019 between 10 cities and counties in California, including Oakland, and companies whose lead paint “poisons tens of thousands of children across California each year,” according to a press release, but Selia Warren, a deputy attorney at the Oakland city attorney’s office, said that money is required to be used for remediation efforts related to lead paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb suggested a city staffer help the district with outreach to state and local agencies and applications for grants that have funding available for lead-related remediation. But the true cost won’t be known until at least the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We greatly need help and support from everyone,” Hutchinson said. “Both to make sure this short-term solution of Flowater systems is accessible and workable, but especially for the medium and long-term fix, which probably is going to involve repairs at some of our school sites that could become more extensive. … We don’t know what the cost is, but we have to take care of this immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Lead Problems in Oakland Schools’ Drinking Water Could Cost Over $50 Million to Fix",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As parents and educators call for stricter lead regulations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002387/oakland-schools-official-calls-for-state-federal-help-after-lead-contamination-findings\">Oakland schools\u003c/a>, district directors worry about the budget needed to remediate the issue — which could cost more than $50 million at the high end of estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The costs were discussed at a Monday special meeting of the Oakland school board and the City Council’s Education Partnership Committee, where officials said the district was making progress in installing safe drinking sources and testing water fixtures after over 185 water sources across 22 Oakland schools tested above district limits for lead ahead of this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the tests were done as far back as April, but school communities did not find out that their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12000525/water-at-22-oakland-schools-tested-high-for-lead-its-no-surprise-parents-and-teachers-say\">water sources were contaminated\u003c/a> until Aug. 12 — the first week of the school year for the Oakland Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the district has repaired the fixtures where lead was detected, started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002005/oakland-schools-vow-to-step-up-lead-testing-but-teachers-arent-convinced\">tiered system to test all schools’ fixtures\u003c/a> by the end of the year, and installed new water bottle filling stations. However, in the longer term, it will need to decide how often to test which fixtures and what additional repairs might be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district is currently estimating that full remediation could cost between $16 million and $53 million, OUSD Chief Systems and Services Officer Preston Thomas said during the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of scary how much it costs,” Councilmember Dan Kalb said. “Thirty, $40, $50 million — that’s scary because people are drinking this water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated families think the district should be doing more to address the problem. Nate Landry, whose daughter attends Edna Brewer Middle School, said installing additional Flowater bottle-filling systems is a good start but not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that’s sort of somewhere between a Band-Aid and a suture. It’s not really the solution that we’re looking for,” Landry told KQED. They led a community rally outside the meeting to call on the district to meet a list of demands, including stricter parts-per-billion lead standards and better communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re looking for is not only accountability for why there was this complete sort of failure in communication, but also we’re looking for a comprehensive analysis of where the contamination points are at any given school site and how those will be addressed,” Landry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the longer term, the district plans to analyze how extensive the remediation will need to be, but how it will pay for the work it identifies is unclear. Thomas said further testing would help OUSD determine where repairing the fixtures got rid of lead or where larger systems, like the pipes, might be the root of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are ongoing in testing every day as we speak right now, and then we will circle back to those schools at the end of this school year to do a second round of testing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the district has installed 50 of 60 new FloWater bottle-filling systems, which routinely test extremely low for lead, Thomas said at the meeting. All of the fixtures where lead was initially detected have been repaired and are awaiting retesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OUSD also has plans to install 88 more FloWater stations by the end of the year, aiming to have one water fountain per every 200 students on a school site. Installing the additional Flowater systems will cost an estimated $1.5 million, plus more than half a million to maintain annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger cost of remediation comes as Oakland and its school district are both dealing with budget deficits. School board Vice President Mike Hutchinson said there isn’t much money left unaccounted for in the budget set aside for facilities through recent bond measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District leaders at Monday’s meeting asked about using funds from a settlement initiated in 2019 between 10 cities and counties in California, including Oakland, and companies whose lead paint “poisons tens of thousands of children across California each year,” according to a press release, but Selia Warren, a deputy attorney at the Oakland city attorney’s office, said that money is required to be used for remediation efforts related to lead paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalb suggested a city staffer help the district with outreach to state and local agencies and applications for grants that have funding available for lead-related remediation. But the true cost won’t be known until at least the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We greatly need help and support from everyone,” Hutchinson said. “Both to make sure this short-term solution of Flowater systems is accessible and workable, but especially for the medium and long-term fix, which probably is going to involve repairs at some of our school sites that could become more extensive. … We don’t know what the cost is, but we have to take care of this immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "a-hot-mess-as-heat-rises-california-kids-are-sweltering-in-schools-without-air-conditioning",
"title": "'A Hot Mess': As Heat Rises, California Kids Are Sweltering in Schools Without Air Conditioning",
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"headTitle": "‘A Hot Mess’: As Heat Rises, California Kids Are Sweltering in Schools Without Air Conditioning | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In her fifth grade class in a Los Angeles school, on a day when outdoor temperatures reached 116 degrees, the heat gave Lilian Chin\u003cem> \u003c/em>a headache. The air conditioner in her classroom was broken. Her fingers felt numb, and she vomited in class, according to her mother. The nurse wasn’t available, so she was sent back to her hot classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the school day was over and Lilian made it to her mother’s air-conditioned car, she was exhausted and red-faced. At home, she vomited again and got a leg cramp. Veronica Chin rushed her 11-year-old daughter to an emergency room, where she was diagnosed with heat exhaustion — a serious condition that leads to a life-threatening heat stroke if not treated promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Chin called the school, Haskell Elementary STEAM Magnet, to complain about the broken air conditioning, she received an email that a repair ticket had been created. The San Fernando Valley school, in the Los Angeles Unified School District, had marked the repair a “low priority.” (School officials did not respond to CalMatters’ questions when a reporter called and visited the campus.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin was furious. “I’m trusting them with my children,” she said. “I’m thinking that my children are in a safe space when they’re not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/climate-change/2024/09/california-extreme-heat-population-growth-inland-communities/\">As climate change intensifies heat waves\u003c/a>, California schools are unprepared to protect their students from extreme heat. Some schools don’t have air conditioning at all because they were built before hotter climates made it a necessity. Others have old systems pushed to their limits, with school districts struggling to keep up with repairs or replacements with limited staff and funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, in Long Beach — which reached a \u003ca href=\"https://lbpost.com/news/record-heat-long-beach-temperature-109-heat-wave/\">record high of 109 \u003c/a>degrees last month — all or most buildings in 13 public schools with about 14,000 students have no air conditioning systems. In Oakland, as many as 2,000 classrooms don’t have them. And in Fresno, officials have been overwhelmed with more than 5,000 calls for air conditioning repairs in the past 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 15% and 20% of California’s kindergarten through 12th-grade public schools “have \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/635dbc6808cab54e82a25127/t/640f57089a49a966b5803dcb/1678726934033/Climate-Resilient+California+Schools\">no functioning heating and air conditioning systems at all\u003c/a>, and as many as another 10% of schools need major repair or replacement for their systems to function adequately,” UC Berkeley and Stanford University researchers wrote in a report last year. Some advocates say that is likely an underestimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials say they would need tens of billions of dollars to install and repair air conditioning. Many of the worst problems are in hot, inland school districts that serve low-income communities of color, where there are fewer financial resources to replace or repair them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s too hot, just like if you’re too hungry, it’s almost impossible to learn, so the impact on students and teachers is great,” said Paul Idsvoog, the Fresno Unified School District’s chief operations officer. “If you have multiple systems that are 20 years old, sooner or later, you’re not going to be able to keep up with the tide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters in November will be asked to approve a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2024/06/school-bond-california/\">$10 billion school infrastructure bond\u003c/a> to fund repairs and upgrades of buildings at K–12 schools and community colleges, including air conditioning systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom last month vetoed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1182\">a bill that would have created a master plan\u003c/a> for climate-resilient schools, including an assessment of when air conditioning systems were last modernized. State officials currently do not collect data on air conditioning in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007309\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007309\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24.jpeg\" alt=\"A portable air conditioner in a classroom.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24.jpeg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portable air conditioning unit is used in the library of the Melrose Leadership Academy in Oakland on a hot day in late September. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-494\">41% of school districts\u003c/a> need to update or replace their heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems in at least half of their schools, according to a federal study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the problems are common statewide, jeopardizing children and teachers in inland as well as coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a hot mess,” said Aaron Kahlenberg, a teacher at Los Angeles Unified’s John F. Kennedy High School in Granada Hills\u003cem>.\u003c/em> “When it was cool out, it worked, and when it got hot, it didn’t work. It got to be very frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-absences-rise-and-learning-drops-on-hot-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003cstrong>Absences rise and learning drops on hot days\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hot classrooms lead to more student and teacher \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/07/extreme-heat-report-insurance/\">illnesses \u003c/a>and absences, and studies show that they reduce children’s ability to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day in Oakland, when outdoor temperatures reached 88 degrees, 8th-grader Juliette Sanchez felt sticky and hot in a stuffy room at Melrose Leadership Academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, it’s a lot harder to focus on what I’m doing,” Sanchez said. “Like, right now, I’m sticking to the table. It’s uncomfortable to write. My arm is sticky, and I’m just hot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007306\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007306\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18.jpeg\" alt=\"A young girl with sunglasses on her forehead sits in a classroom behind a tower of small colored blocks.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18.jpeg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-800x1000.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-1020x1275.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-160x200.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-1229x1536.jpeg 1229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juliette Sanchez, 13, an eighth grader, said the heat is sometimes unbearable at the Melrose Leadership Academy in Oakland. She is a member of an environmental club that advocated for more efficient heat and air conditioning systems at her school. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Student performance on exams declines by up to 14% on hot days, according to a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jisungpark/files/paper_nyc_aejep.pdf\">Harvard study\u003c/a> in New York City. According to another study, an increase in the average temperature of 1 degree leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20180612\">1% less learning\u003c/a>, measured by changes in test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Black and brown students, the learning losses are even greater, said V. Kelly Turner, a heat expert at UCLA’s Luskin School of Public Affairs who has researched hot schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re already perhaps in schools that don’t have enough teachers or enough supplies and then put on top of that, they’re going to hot homes,” she said. “Maybe they don’t have any rights to install air conditioning systems. Maybe they live in mobile homes and have even fewer rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state program, \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/california-schools-healthy-air-plumbing-and-efficiency-program\">called CalSHAPE\u003c/a>, helps public schools improve air conditioning and water systems. Between 2021 and 2023, more than 3,800 schools were \u003ca href=\"https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=254791&DocumentContentId=90470\">awarded\u003c/a> $421 million to assess their systems, with 11 undertaking major repairs or replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in August, state legislators considered eliminating the program \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/08/california-electric-bill-legislation/\">as part of a plan to give utility ratepayers small rebates\u003c/a>. Although the bill failed, the program has been closed to new applications since July. More than a dozen school districts have \u003ca href=\"https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=20-RENEW-01\">urged the state Energy Commission\u003c/a> to reopen applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attempt to gut the program worries school and environmental advocates, who say the state is failing to prioritize schools as climate change raises temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many schools, cooling is no longer just a nicety, but a necessity,” Jonathan Klein, head of UndauntedK12, an organization that supports schools transitioning to zero emissions to reduce greenhouse gasses, said in a statement. “Students and staff deserve safe, healthy, resilient school campuses that support teaching and learning amidst extreme weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-fixing-air-conditioners-9-billion-in-la-schools-alone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003cstrong>Fixing air conditioners: $9 billion in LA schools alone\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most students return to school in mid-August or early September, when much of the state — particularly in the Los Angeles region — suffers its most intense heat waves. Some schools also operate year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, classroom temperatures reached into the mid-90s during an early September heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers at several schools there told CalMatters that their requests for air conditioning repairs went unanswered or were slow to come. Portable units installed in classrooms were insufficient to keep temperatures comfortable enough for students to learn. Students were visibly lethargic from the heat. Some parents opted to keep their children home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kahlenberg, who teaches high school architecture, said he had asked for the air conditioning in his classroom to be repaired for weeks. By the time a heat wave hit in early September, it still wasn’t fixed. His classroom temperature reached 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody was tired,” Kahlenberg said. “I told them if they needed to take a break, that if they didn’t want to work, it was totally acceptable. I would just extend the project. But it just shouldn’t have to be like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kahlenberg said teachers told him about 20 other classrooms at his school also didn’t have working air conditioning during that heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007308\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007308\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20.jpeg\" alt=\"Students sit in the shade on a soccer field in a schoolyard, next to basketball courts.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20.jpeg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students sit in the shade in the schoolyard of the Melrose Leadership Academy in Oakland on Sept. 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A physical education teacher in another Los Angeles school said she spent weeks before the September heat wave trying to flag air conditioning problems in her office. (The teacher wished to remain anonymous out of fear she would be disciplined for discussing the issue with CalMatters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, when the extreme heat came and the gymnasium temperature was too hot for the students, she and others informed the school. She said the school responded on the last day of the heat wave that students could sit outside in shade if they needed to. The suggestion dumbfounded her: Why would she have her students sit outside, where it was even hotter than in the gym?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All schools in Los Angeles Unified have air conditioners. But Krisztina Tokes, the district’s chief facilities executive\u003cem>, \u003c/em>said 50,000 faulty or aged units and pieces of equipment need to be replaced in the district’s more than 1,000 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LA Unified, the largest school district in the state, has invested $1 billion to upgrade heating, ventilation and cooling systems in the last two decades, including $287 million for 20 projects that are currently under construction or being designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokes said officials work to keep students safe by following protocols when air conditioning breaks down, such as installing portable units or moving students to spare air-conditioned spaces. Outside, schools place portable misting fans and commercial-grade pop-up tents for shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School days were cut short in schools where district officials felt they couldn’t provide a safe learning environment. Air conditioning systems are also checked at the start of summer and again just before classes start. Teachers and staff are trained to identify and respond to signs of heat related illness, a district spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under no circumstance should there be a child or parent thinking their health isn’t being addressed,” Tokes said. “There were conditions that were beyond the district’s control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing all air conditioners in the district’s schools would cost at least $9 billion, according to Amanda Wherritt, Los Angeles Unified’s deputy chief of staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really about financial resources,” Tokes said. “We do not receive enough money from the state to either repair or replace our systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-even-coastal-schools-are-sweltering-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003cstrong>Even coastal schools are sweltering \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many classrooms throughout the state have air conditioning, those that don’t are often in coastal areas. Many of these schools were built in the 1950s or ’60s before the warming effects of climate change had worsened heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Long Beach, less than a decade ago, 51 out of 84 schools didn’t have air conditioning in all classrooms. Since then, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.presstelegram.com/2016/10/22/long-beach-election-2016-school-district-asking-for-15-billion-bond/\">$1.5 billion local facilities bond \u003c/a>has helped the school district upgrade many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 13 schools, serving about a quarter of the district’s students, still \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/thirteen-long-beach-schools-braving-socal-heatwave-without-air-conditioning/3503162/\">won’t be fully air-conditioned \u003c/a>for at least another three years. One school, Polytechnic High School, which has about 4,000 students, will undergo major renovations, including adding air conditioning, that won’t be complete until 2028, said Alan Reising, Long Beach Unified School District’s facilities and operations assistant superintendent. In the meantime, officials installed portable air conditioners and outdoor shade structures in many of the schools, Reising said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some inland Long Beach neighborhoods experience five high-heat days a year when temperatures exceed 97 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arguably, we haven’t needed it,” Reising said. But now, he said, “with the obvious signs of climate change, we have more hot days we have to deal with every year. There’s no thought that it’s going to get better in the future, so the need for air conditioning now has become very obvious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-graphics-heat-housing.netlify.app/heat-days-lookup?initialWidth=780&childId=pym_0&parentTitle=As%20heat%20rises%2C%20kids%20are%20sweltering%20in%20CA%20schools%20with%20no%20AC%20-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2Fclimate-change%2F2024%2F10%2Fcalifornia-schools-air-conditioning-heatwave-climate%2F\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Diego Unified School District, all 175 schools now have air conditioning. The district spent $460 million between 2013 and 2019 to install systems in the 118 schools that didn’t have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many of the systems are newer as a result, they’re still \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/hoover-high-school-hot-classroom-air-conditioning/3598054/\">breaking down, \u003c/a>with students saying some classrooms reached around 100 degrees in September. Some San Diego neighborhoods have four high-heat days a year that exceed 91 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were definitely experiencing some air conditioning issues throughout the district. We are doing our best to respond to all repair requests as quickly as possible,” said Samer Naji, a district spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Oakland Unified School District, about 2,000 classrooms in 77 schools have no air conditioners. In late September, outdoor temperatures reached 88 degrees; some Oakland neighborhoods have seven days a year that exceed 89 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipping those schools with air conditioning would be an expensive and complicated task that would cost at least $400 million, said Preston Thomas, Oakland Unified School District’s chief systems and services officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Melrose Learning Academy in Oakland, students said the heat makes it hard to focus. Lyra Modersbach, an eighth grader who is a member of an environmental club at the school, said she has noticed temperatures getting hotter year after year. When she’s home, she can wear cool clothes and rest to beat the heat, but she can’t do that at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modersbach said her school has a few portable air conditioners, but if too many are on at once, they shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat “is very distracting,” she said. “I’ve noticed having a harder time getting my work done or feeling frustrated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the Youth Versus Apocalypse environmental club, Modersbach and Juliette Sanchez\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jun/10/school-heat-pump-climate-emissions\"> advocated for their school to stop using a gas boiler\u003c/a> and invest in an energy-efficient heat pump that will provide air conditioning. The district will use funds from a 2020 $735 million bond measure to \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2023/12/08/oakland-middle-school-students-win-heat-pump-climate-activism/\">install heat pumps\u003c/a> at their school next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-inland-schools-have-little-money-to-invest\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inland schools have little money to invest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many inland schools are fully air-conditioned, some don’t have air conditioning in their gymnasiums, cafeterias and multi-purpose rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many inland school districts, where 100-degree days are common, have far fewer financial resources than wealthier coastal districts, said Sara Hinkley, California program manager for UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities + Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the spending on facility upgrades is based on local bond measures, which is based on your ability to levy property taxes,” she said. “So districts that have lower levels of property values per student are able to raise less money to upgrade their facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts in the Central Valley and the Inland Empire are among those that have invested less money because of lower property values and a smaller voter base to tap into, Hinkley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no environmental justice or climate equity imperative. That would take an active regulation to change how bond disbursements are made in the state,” UCLA’s Turner said. “The state could go a long way by investing in better technical assistance to communities to apply for these funds and focusing on priority schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified School District, where 90% of students are on free or reduced lunch plans, recently invested $60 million in federal funds to replace or install air conditioning systems in some of its gyms, cafeterias and multi-purpose rooms, said Alex Belanger, chief executive over the district’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the district needs about $500 million to improve its heating and ventilation systems, Belanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belanger said during heat waves, it’s\u003ca href=\"https://abc30.com/heat-wave-central-california-fresno-unified-ac-down-courthouse/12204755/\"> “all hands on deck” \u003c/a>to keep students cool. Staff work weekends and nights to repair air conditioning systems and the school provides temporary chillers and portable air conditioning if systems break down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Idsvoog said the Fresno school district would like to invest in energy-efficient strategies such as building well-insulated schools with green space and oriented in a way that won’t absorb heat. But there’s simply no money to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is it’s not going to get any cooler and resources will always be a challenge for any school district,” Idsvoog said. “Any assistance, grants or state funding that can support those efforts is more than welcome.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Underfunded schools are struggling to keep classrooms cool amid more frequent heat waves. An estimated 1 in 5 schools has no air conditioning and another 10% need repair.",
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"title": "'A Hot Mess': As Heat Rises, California Kids Are Sweltering in Schools Without Air Conditioning | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/alejandra-reyesvelarde/\">Alejandra Reyes-Velarde\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In her fifth grade class in a Los Angeles school, on a day when outdoor temperatures reached 116 degrees, the heat gave Lilian Chin\u003cem> \u003c/em>a headache. The air conditioner in her classroom was broken. Her fingers felt numb, and she vomited in class, according to her mother. The nurse wasn’t available, so she was sent back to her hot classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time the school day was over and Lilian made it to her mother’s air-conditioned car, she was exhausted and red-faced. At home, she vomited again and got a leg cramp. Veronica Chin rushed her 11-year-old daughter to an emergency room, where she was diagnosed with heat exhaustion — a serious condition that leads to a life-threatening heat stroke if not treated promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Chin called the school, Haskell Elementary STEAM Magnet, to complain about the broken air conditioning, she received an email that a repair ticket had been created. The San Fernando Valley school, in the Los Angeles Unified School District, had marked the repair a “low priority.” (School officials did not respond to CalMatters’ questions when a reporter called and visited the campus.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin was furious. “I’m trusting them with my children,” she said. “I’m thinking that my children are in a safe space when they’re not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/climate-change/2024/09/california-extreme-heat-population-growth-inland-communities/\">As climate change intensifies heat waves\u003c/a>, California schools are unprepared to protect their students from extreme heat. Some schools don’t have air conditioning at all because they were built before hotter climates made it a necessity. Others have old systems pushed to their limits, with school districts struggling to keep up with repairs or replacements with limited staff and funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, in Long Beach — which reached a \u003ca href=\"https://lbpost.com/news/record-heat-long-beach-temperature-109-heat-wave/\">record high of 109 \u003c/a>degrees last month — all or most buildings in 13 public schools with about 14,000 students have no air conditioning systems. In Oakland, as many as 2,000 classrooms don’t have them. And in Fresno, officials have been overwhelmed with more than 5,000 calls for air conditioning repairs in the past 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 15% and 20% of California’s kindergarten through 12th-grade public schools “have \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/635dbc6808cab54e82a25127/t/640f57089a49a966b5803dcb/1678726934033/Climate-Resilient+California+Schools\">no functioning heating and air conditioning systems at all\u003c/a>, and as many as another 10% of schools need major repair or replacement for their systems to function adequately,” UC Berkeley and Stanford University researchers wrote in a report last year. Some advocates say that is likely an underestimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials say they would need tens of billions of dollars to install and repair air conditioning. Many of the worst problems are in hot, inland school districts that serve low-income communities of color, where there are fewer financial resources to replace or repair them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s too hot, just like if you’re too hungry, it’s almost impossible to learn, so the impact on students and teachers is great,” said Paul Idsvoog, the Fresno Unified School District’s chief operations officer. “If you have multiple systems that are 20 years old, sooner or later, you’re not going to be able to keep up with the tide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters in November will be asked to approve a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2024/06/school-bond-california/\">$10 billion school infrastructure bond\u003c/a> to fund repairs and upgrades of buildings at K–12 schools and community colleges, including air conditioning systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom last month vetoed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1182\">a bill that would have created a master plan\u003c/a> for climate-resilient schools, including an assessment of when air conditioning systems were last modernized. State officials currently do not collect data on air conditioning in schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007309\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007309\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24.jpeg\" alt=\"A portable air conditioner in a classroom.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24.jpeg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_24-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portable air conditioning unit is used in the library of the Melrose Leadership Academy in Oakland on a hot day in late September. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationally, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-494\">41% of school districts\u003c/a> need to update or replace their heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems in at least half of their schools, according to a federal study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the problems are common statewide, jeopardizing children and teachers in inland as well as coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a hot mess,” said Aaron Kahlenberg, a teacher at Los Angeles Unified’s John F. Kennedy High School in Granada Hills\u003cem>.\u003c/em> “When it was cool out, it worked, and when it got hot, it didn’t work. It got to be very frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-absences-rise-and-learning-drops-on-hot-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003cstrong>Absences rise and learning drops on hot days\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hot classrooms lead to more student and teacher \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/07/extreme-heat-report-insurance/\">illnesses \u003c/a>and absences, and studies show that they reduce children’s ability to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day in Oakland, when outdoor temperatures reached 88 degrees, 8th-grader Juliette Sanchez felt sticky and hot in a stuffy room at Melrose Leadership Academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, it’s a lot harder to focus on what I’m doing,” Sanchez said. “Like, right now, I’m sticking to the table. It’s uncomfortable to write. My arm is sticky, and I’m just hot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007306\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007306\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18.jpeg\" alt=\"A young girl with sunglasses on her forehead sits in a classroom behind a tower of small colored blocks.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18.jpeg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-800x1000.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-1020x1275.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-160x200.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_18-1229x1536.jpeg 1229w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juliette Sanchez, 13, an eighth grader, said the heat is sometimes unbearable at the Melrose Leadership Academy in Oakland. She is a member of an environmental club that advocated for more efficient heat and air conditioning systems at her school. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Student performance on exams declines by up to 14% on hot days, according to a 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jisungpark/files/paper_nyc_aejep.pdf\">Harvard study\u003c/a> in New York City. According to another study, an increase in the average temperature of 1 degree leads to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20180612\">1% less learning\u003c/a>, measured by changes in test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Black and brown students, the learning losses are even greater, said V. Kelly Turner, a heat expert at UCLA’s Luskin School of Public Affairs who has researched hot schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re already perhaps in schools that don’t have enough teachers or enough supplies and then put on top of that, they’re going to hot homes,” she said. “Maybe they don’t have any rights to install air conditioning systems. Maybe they live in mobile homes and have even fewer rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A state program, \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/california-schools-healthy-air-plumbing-and-efficiency-program\">called CalSHAPE\u003c/a>, helps public schools improve air conditioning and water systems. Between 2021 and 2023, more than 3,800 schools were \u003ca href=\"https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/GetDocument.aspx?tn=254791&DocumentContentId=90470\">awarded\u003c/a> $421 million to assess their systems, with 11 undertaking major repairs or replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in August, state legislators considered eliminating the program \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2024/08/california-electric-bill-legislation/\">as part of a plan to give utility ratepayers small rebates\u003c/a>. Although the bill failed, the program has been closed to new applications since July. More than a dozen school districts have \u003ca href=\"https://efiling.energy.ca.gov/Lists/DocketLog.aspx?docketnumber=20-RENEW-01\">urged the state Energy Commission\u003c/a> to reopen applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attempt to gut the program worries school and environmental advocates, who say the state is failing to prioritize schools as climate change raises temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many schools, cooling is no longer just a nicety, but a necessity,” Jonathan Klein, head of UndauntedK12, an organization that supports schools transitioning to zero emissions to reduce greenhouse gasses, said in a statement. “Students and staff deserve safe, healthy, resilient school campuses that support teaching and learning amidst extreme weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-fixing-air-conditioners-9-billion-in-la-schools-alone\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003cstrong>Fixing air conditioners: $9 billion in LA schools alone\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most students return to school in mid-August or early September, when much of the state — particularly in the Los Angeles region — suffers its most intense heat waves. Some schools also operate year-round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, classroom temperatures reached into the mid-90s during an early September heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers at several schools there told CalMatters that their requests for air conditioning repairs went unanswered or were slow to come. Portable units installed in classrooms were insufficient to keep temperatures comfortable enough for students to learn. Students were visibly lethargic from the heat. Some parents opted to keep their children home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kahlenberg, who teaches high school architecture, said he had asked for the air conditioning in his classroom to be repaired for weeks. By the time a heat wave hit in early September, it still wasn’t fixed. His classroom temperature reached 95 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody was tired,” Kahlenberg said. “I told them if they needed to take a break, that if they didn’t want to work, it was totally acceptable. I would just extend the project. But it just shouldn’t have to be like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kahlenberg said teachers told him about 20 other classrooms at his school also didn’t have working air conditioning during that heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12007308\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12007308\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20.jpeg\" alt=\"Students sit in the shade on a soccer field in a schoolyard, next to basketball courts.\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20.jpeg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/092324_Oakland-Schools-AC_LA_CM_20-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students sit in the shade in the schoolyard of the Melrose Leadership Academy in Oakland on Sept. 23, 2024. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A physical education teacher in another Los Angeles school said she spent weeks before the September heat wave trying to flag air conditioning problems in her office. (The teacher wished to remain anonymous out of fear she would be disciplined for discussing the issue with CalMatters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, when the extreme heat came and the gymnasium temperature was too hot for the students, she and others informed the school. She said the school responded on the last day of the heat wave that students could sit outside in shade if they needed to. The suggestion dumbfounded her: Why would she have her students sit outside, where it was even hotter than in the gym?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All schools in Los Angeles Unified have air conditioners. But Krisztina Tokes, the district’s chief facilities executive\u003cem>, \u003c/em>said 50,000 faulty or aged units and pieces of equipment need to be replaced in the district’s more than 1,000 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LA Unified, the largest school district in the state, has invested $1 billion to upgrade heating, ventilation and cooling systems in the last two decades, including $287 million for 20 projects that are currently under construction or being designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokes said officials work to keep students safe by following protocols when air conditioning breaks down, such as installing portable units or moving students to spare air-conditioned spaces. Outside, schools place portable misting fans and commercial-grade pop-up tents for shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School days were cut short in schools where district officials felt they couldn’t provide a safe learning environment. Air conditioning systems are also checked at the start of summer and again just before classes start. Teachers and staff are trained to identify and respond to signs of heat related illness, a district spokesperson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under no circumstance should there be a child or parent thinking their health isn’t being addressed,” Tokes said. “There were conditions that were beyond the district’s control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing all air conditioners in the district’s schools would cost at least $9 billion, according to Amanda Wherritt, Los Angeles Unified’s deputy chief of staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really about financial resources,” Tokes said. “We do not receive enough money from the state to either repair or replace our systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-even-coastal-schools-are-sweltering-nbsp\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u003cstrong>Even coastal schools are sweltering \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many classrooms throughout the state have air conditioning, those that don’t are often in coastal areas. Many of these schools were built in the 1950s or ’60s before the warming effects of climate change had worsened heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Long Beach, less than a decade ago, 51 out of 84 schools didn’t have air conditioning in all classrooms. Since then, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.presstelegram.com/2016/10/22/long-beach-election-2016-school-district-asking-for-15-billion-bond/\">$1.5 billion local facilities bond \u003c/a>has helped the school district upgrade many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 13 schools, serving about a quarter of the district’s students, still \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/thirteen-long-beach-schools-braving-socal-heatwave-without-air-conditioning/3503162/\">won’t be fully air-conditioned \u003c/a>for at least another three years. One school, Polytechnic High School, which has about 4,000 students, will undergo major renovations, including adding air conditioning, that won’t be complete until 2028, said Alan Reising, Long Beach Unified School District’s facilities and operations assistant superintendent. In the meantime, officials installed portable air conditioners and outdoor shade structures in many of the schools, Reising said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some inland Long Beach neighborhoods experience five high-heat days a year when temperatures exceed 97 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arguably, we haven’t needed it,” Reising said. But now, he said, “with the obvious signs of climate change, we have more hot days we have to deal with every year. There’s no thought that it’s going to get better in the future, so the need for air conditioning now has become very obvious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-graphics-heat-housing.netlify.app/heat-days-lookup?initialWidth=780&childId=pym_0&parentTitle=As%20heat%20rises%2C%20kids%20are%20sweltering%20in%20CA%20schools%20with%20no%20AC%20-%20CalMatters&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fcalmatters.org%2Fenvironment%2Fclimate-change%2F2024%2F10%2Fcalifornia-schools-air-conditioning-heatwave-climate%2F\" width=\"1000\" height=\"780\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the San Diego Unified School District, all 175 schools now have air conditioning. The district spent $460 million between 2013 and 2019 to install systems in the 118 schools that didn’t have them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many of the systems are newer as a result, they’re still \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/hoover-high-school-hot-classroom-air-conditioning/3598054/\">breaking down, \u003c/a>with students saying some classrooms reached around 100 degrees in September. Some San Diego neighborhoods have four high-heat days a year that exceed 91 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were definitely experiencing some air conditioning issues throughout the district. We are doing our best to respond to all repair requests as quickly as possible,” said Samer Naji, a district spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Oakland Unified School District, about 2,000 classrooms in 77 schools have no air conditioners. In late September, outdoor temperatures reached 88 degrees; some Oakland neighborhoods have seven days a year that exceed 89 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipping those schools with air conditioning would be an expensive and complicated task that would cost at least $400 million, said Preston Thomas, Oakland Unified School District’s chief systems and services officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Melrose Learning Academy in Oakland, students said the heat makes it hard to focus. Lyra Modersbach, an eighth grader who is a member of an environmental club at the school, said she has noticed temperatures getting hotter year after year. When she’s home, she can wear cool clothes and rest to beat the heat, but she can’t do that at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modersbach said her school has a few portable air conditioners, but if too many are on at once, they shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat “is very distracting,” she said. “I’ve noticed having a harder time getting my work done or feeling frustrated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the Youth Versus Apocalypse environmental club, Modersbach and Juliette Sanchez\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jun/10/school-heat-pump-climate-emissions\"> advocated for their school to stop using a gas boiler\u003c/a> and invest in an energy-efficient heat pump that will provide air conditioning. The district will use funds from a 2020 $735 million bond measure to \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2023/12/08/oakland-middle-school-students-win-heat-pump-climate-activism/\">install heat pumps\u003c/a> at their school next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-inland-schools-have-little-money-to-invest\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inland schools have little money to invest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many inland schools are fully air-conditioned, some don’t have air conditioning in their gymnasiums, cafeterias and multi-purpose rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many inland school districts, where 100-degree days are common, have far fewer financial resources than wealthier coastal districts, said Sara Hinkley, California program manager for UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities + Schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the spending on facility upgrades is based on local bond measures, which is based on your ability to levy property taxes,” she said. “So districts that have lower levels of property values per student are able to raise less money to upgrade their facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts in the Central Valley and the Inland Empire are among those that have invested less money because of lower property values and a smaller voter base to tap into, Hinkley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no environmental justice or climate equity imperative. That would take an active regulation to change how bond disbursements are made in the state,” UCLA’s Turner said. “The state could go a long way by investing in better technical assistance to communities to apply for these funds and focusing on priority schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified School District, where 90% of students are on free or reduced lunch plans, recently invested $60 million in federal funds to replace or install air conditioning systems in some of its gyms, cafeterias and multi-purpose rooms, said Alex Belanger, chief executive over the district’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the district needs about $500 million to improve its heating and ventilation systems, Belanger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belanger said during heat waves, it’s\u003ca href=\"https://abc30.com/heat-wave-central-california-fresno-unified-ac-down-courthouse/12204755/\"> “all hands on deck” \u003c/a>to keep students cool. Staff work weekends and nights to repair air conditioning systems and the school provides temporary chillers and portable air conditioning if systems break down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Idsvoog said the Fresno school district would like to invest in energy-efficient strategies such as building well-insulated schools with green space and oriented in a way that won’t absorb heat. But there’s simply no money to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is it’s not going to get any cooler and resources will always be a challenge for any school district,” Idsvoog said. “Any assistance, grants or state funding that can support those efforts is more than welcome.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>College is not cheap. And as the price of attending a four-year university \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/28/1172684287/families-grapple-with-the-rising-cost-of-a-college-education\">keeps increasing each year\u003c/a>, parents and caregivers are getting more creative on how to finance such a big expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy that’s working: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004855/sf-narrowed-college-enrollment-gap-by-giving-kindergarteners-50-in-savings-study-finds\">Start saving early\u003c/a> — years before your kid starts filling out college applications — even if it’s in small amounts. And in California, that’s become easier to do thanks to multiple college savings options and additional financial support provided by the government and non-profit organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how effective is it to start saving early? And most importantly, for parents who have to carefully balance the family budget each year, is it worth setting aside a handful of dollars each month for such a far-off expense?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what you need to know about saving for college, or jump straight to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#k2c\">San Francisco’s Kindergarten 2 College program\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#difference\">The differences between college savings accounts\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#state\">What the state can offer\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#kids\">How to talk to kids about saving for college\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"k2c\">\u003c/a>One mom’s story\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over a decade ago, San Francisco mom of four Aisha Brown sat down with her eldest daughter, Tierra, to talk about her college goals. Tierra was just in middle school at the time but she was already deeply motivated to get a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing her daughter talk about her dreams with so much determination gave Brown a feeling of pride, but thinking about saving money to pay for college felt insurmountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew that it was going to be a struggle trying to put my kids in college,” said Brown, adding that even applying to college comes with a price tag — application fees, testing fees, visiting college campuses and other related costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Brown started to do the math, she remembered that she had \u003ci>been \u003c/i>saving for Tierra’s college costs for several years already. When Tierra was in kindergarten, the city opened a savings account in her name and deposited $50, and Brown had also added money whenever she could. Tierra, now in her second year studying nursing at Grambling State University in Louisiana, was part of the founding class of Kindergarten 2 College (K2C), \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952106/kindergarten-to-college-2023\">San Francisco’s universal college savings account program for kids enrolled in the city’s public schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I looked at the K2C account and I said to myself, ‘Well, that can help with [application costs],’” Brown explained. At that point, they had a little over $1,000. “That’s not tuition money, but it’s something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Tierra grew and moved through high school, Brown kept saving and learned a few things along the way about how to make the most of what she was setting aside. For many families, even a few hundred dollars each month can make a big difference in household expenses. So if you’re planning on starting to save up for college for your little ones, here’s a few things to keep in mind to make the most of this hard-won investment in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The positive side effects of saving for college\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, researchers from the University of Michigan and Summitlab Corporation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004855/sf-narrowed-college-enrollment-gap-by-giving-kindergarteners-50-in-savings-study-finds\">presented the findings of a years-long study that tracked college enrollment data among San Francisco Unified School District students\u003c/a>. The study compares the college enrollment of students who graduated high school in 2023 — who were the first group to be part of K2C when the program began in 2011 — with those who graduated in 2022 and started kindergarten before K2C launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both groups, white and Asian students (identified in the study as “represented students”) enrolled in college at higher rates than Black, Latino, Filipino, Pacific Islander and Native students (“underrepresented students”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgov.org/k2c/media/420/download?attachment\">the gap between represented and underrepresented students was smaller in the class of 2023\u003c/a> — the first K2C group — than in the class of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_12004855\" hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS65701_025_KQED_Kindergarten2College_05162023-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The gap between the represented and underrepresented groups narrowed by 30% relative to the gap in the comparison group,” said William Elliott, a professor at the University of Michigan’s School of Social Work and one of the authors of the study. Elliott has been studying CSA services for years and is familiar with the various positive impacts that these accounts have on students who come from lower-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having these accounts — and using them — can give kids and their families what Elliot describes as “tangible hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tangible hope is when you have reasons in your world, in your environment, that make achieving your dream seem reasonable,” he said. “It’s not that you have all the money [for college] today, but rather the perception that you now have a strategy for how to pay for college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s critical to also pair this feeling of tangible hope with concrete steps. As your child grows up and gets closer to college, make the times you deposit into their account also an opportunity to talk to them about preparing for college. These conversations don’t have to only be about having the money to pay for school, but can also encompass other ideas like grades, tests and information about specific universities or majors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, having a college savings account (known as CSA) doesn’t mean you’ll automatically have the funds to go to college – but it gets you one step closer to figuring out some really big questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are giving families access to an institution that allows them to build wealth that’s coupled with a change in attitude and reflecting on what’s now achievable for them,” Elliot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"difference\">\u003c/a>There are many types of college savings accounts. Know the differences\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not all CSAs are the same. Some only serve families in specific cities or who have kids starting at a certain age. There are some options, like San Francisco’s K2C, that offer cash incentives when students take time to explore their account or learn more about personal finance. Others offer an experience that somewhat resembles having an investment portfolio, where families can see annual returns based on what they save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, every student enrolled in the district’, regardless of their grade or academic performance, already has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952106/kindergarten-to-college-2023\">a K2C account in their name with $50 deposited in it\u003c/a>, made possible by the Office of the City Treasurer. Parents don’t have to do anything to open up their child’s account – that’s done automatically for them. But if they want to contribute to the account, see the balance, or withdraw the savings when it’s time for college, they need to \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/k2c/my-account/register-view-balance-online\">visit the K2C portal\u003c/a> and register their child’s information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nonprofit organizations that help Oakland families save for college\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit Oakland Promise manages two similar programs: \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandpromise.org/resources/family-resources/\">Oakland Promise Kindergarten to College\u003c/a> helps open savings accounts for families in Oakland public schools and offers scholarships for students who graduate high school, and the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandpromise.org/brilliant-baby/\">Brilliant Baby program\u003c/a>, opens college savings accounts with $500 already added, for families who recently had a baby and who qualify for Medi-Cal or food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families in Oakland Promise’s Kindergarten to College program have two options: they can either open a college savings account with Self-Help Federal Credit Union at the West Oakland branch or open a \u003ca href=\"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/529plan.asp\">529 plan, a college savings plan\u003c/a> that in many cases offers annual returns to the account.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"state\">\u003c/a>California-based college savings programs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wherever you live in California, you can always open up a 529 account – even years before your child starts school, thanks to the state’s own 529 plan: \u003ca href=\"https://www.scholarshare529.com/\">ScholarShare 529\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families can define their financial goals and set the length of time they want to save for. They can even choose for savings to go into bigger investment portfolios, which comes with risk, but also the possibility of annual returns.[aside postID=\"news_11988925\" hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/IMG_0524-1020x659.jpg']Another savings option California offers for families across the state is \u003ca href=\"https://calkids.org/need-help/\">CalKIDS\u003c/a>. Two groups of young Californians are eligible for CalKIDS: children born on or after the creation of the program on July 1, 2022 and current K–12 students enrolled in any California public school who are unhoused, enrolled in a foster youth program or are considered by the state to come from lower-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to be the parent or the child’s legal guardian to make a deposit into a CSA. These accounts make it very easy for relatives and friends to make deposits into these accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option is to share your child’s CSA account details to folks who are unsure what to give as a birthday present, making sure to let them know that each dollar received can only be used for educational purposes. And that way, your community can support this goal as your child grows up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something else to look out for: Some CSA programs will add cash into your account if you or your child take certain online courses or participate in contests. In San Francisco’s K2C, for example, whenever students take time to explore their account or learn more about personal finances, the program rewards them by adding small amounts into their accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check your student’s CSA website to learn more about specific cash incentives available for your account.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"kids\">\u003c/a>Overall, college savings is a family affair\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most important piece of advice Brown has for fellow parents: “Make sure your kids understand what this program is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, it’s common for kids during kindergarten or the start of elementary school to go on a field trip to the bank where they can walk up to the teller and make a contribution to their K2C savings account. That’s a great experience, Brown says, but adds that it’s also very important for a family to sit down and talk about what that experience means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe they’re not really paying attention then to what their college future or college goals may be,” she said. “But I think having those continuous conversations will help children understand how important college is to them, their family and how they want to get there and what it takes to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, it’s normal to feel a little discouraged as a parent during these conversations, considering the overall costs of college that might feel hard to reach. But when talking to your child, Brown recommends explaining how “starting small can lead to something, and even if parents feel they don’t have anything — something is better than nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you feel your kid may be too young to focus on the complexity of college finances or savings, start off with something that feels more familiar – even if that’s just explaining the exciting concept of college itself. As chief programs officer for Oakland Promise, Veena Pawloski has spoken to hundreds of families, many of them in which both parents and children are approaching the topic of college for the first time. Her advice to get a conversation started with a family is asking, “Have you heard of college? What do you know about college?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then we start talking from there because if you just start talking about a college savings account, it’s super overwhelming,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>College is not cheap. And as the price of attending a four-year university \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/28/1172684287/families-grapple-with-the-rising-cost-of-a-college-education\">keeps increasing each year\u003c/a>, parents and caregivers are getting more creative on how to finance such a big expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy that’s working: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004855/sf-narrowed-college-enrollment-gap-by-giving-kindergarteners-50-in-savings-study-finds\">Start saving early\u003c/a> — years before your kid starts filling out college applications — even if it’s in small amounts. And in California, that’s become easier to do thanks to multiple college savings options and additional financial support provided by the government and non-profit organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how effective is it to start saving early? And most importantly, for parents who have to carefully balance the family budget each year, is it worth setting aside a handful of dollars each month for such a far-off expense?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what you need to know about saving for college, or jump straight to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#k2c\">San Francisco’s Kindergarten 2 College program\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#difference\">The differences between college savings accounts\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#state\">What the state can offer\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#kids\">How to talk to kids about saving for college\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"k2c\">\u003c/a>One mom’s story\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over a decade ago, San Francisco mom of four Aisha Brown sat down with her eldest daughter, Tierra, to talk about her college goals. Tierra was just in middle school at the time but she was already deeply motivated to get a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing her daughter talk about her dreams with so much determination gave Brown a feeling of pride, but thinking about saving money to pay for college felt insurmountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew that it was going to be a struggle trying to put my kids in college,” said Brown, adding that even applying to college comes with a price tag — application fees, testing fees, visiting college campuses and other related costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Brown started to do the math, she remembered that she had \u003ci>been \u003c/i>saving for Tierra’s college costs for several years already. When Tierra was in kindergarten, the city opened a savings account in her name and deposited $50, and Brown had also added money whenever she could. Tierra, now in her second year studying nursing at Grambling State University in Louisiana, was part of the founding class of Kindergarten 2 College (K2C), \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952106/kindergarten-to-college-2023\">San Francisco’s universal college savings account program for kids enrolled in the city’s public schools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I looked at the K2C account and I said to myself, ‘Well, that can help with [application costs],’” Brown explained. At that point, they had a little over $1,000. “That’s not tuition money, but it’s something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Tierra grew and moved through high school, Brown kept saving and learned a few things along the way about how to make the most of what she was setting aside. For many families, even a few hundred dollars each month can make a big difference in household expenses. So if you’re planning on starting to save up for college for your little ones, here’s a few things to keep in mind to make the most of this hard-won investment in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The positive side effects of saving for college\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, researchers from the University of Michigan and Summitlab Corporation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004855/sf-narrowed-college-enrollment-gap-by-giving-kindergarteners-50-in-savings-study-finds\">presented the findings of a years-long study that tracked college enrollment data among San Francisco Unified School District students\u003c/a>. The study compares the college enrollment of students who graduated high school in 2023 — who were the first group to be part of K2C when the program began in 2011 — with those who graduated in 2022 and started kindergarten before K2C launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both groups, white and Asian students (identified in the study as “represented students”) enrolled in college at higher rates than Black, Latino, Filipino, Pacific Islander and Native students (“underrepresented students”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgov.org/k2c/media/420/download?attachment\">the gap between represented and underrepresented students was smaller in the class of 2023\u003c/a> — the first K2C group — than in the class of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The gap between the represented and underrepresented groups narrowed by 30% relative to the gap in the comparison group,” said William Elliott, a professor at the University of Michigan’s School of Social Work and one of the authors of the study. Elliott has been studying CSA services for years and is familiar with the various positive impacts that these accounts have on students who come from lower-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having these accounts — and using them — can give kids and their families what Elliot describes as “tangible hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tangible hope is when you have reasons in your world, in your environment, that make achieving your dream seem reasonable,” he said. “It’s not that you have all the money [for college] today, but rather the perception that you now have a strategy for how to pay for college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s critical to also pair this feeling of tangible hope with concrete steps. As your child grows up and gets closer to college, make the times you deposit into their account also an opportunity to talk to them about preparing for college. These conversations don’t have to only be about having the money to pay for school, but can also encompass other ideas like grades, tests and information about specific universities or majors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, having a college savings account (known as CSA) doesn’t mean you’ll automatically have the funds to go to college – but it gets you one step closer to figuring out some really big questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are giving families access to an institution that allows them to build wealth that’s coupled with a change in attitude and reflecting on what’s now achievable for them,” Elliot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"difference\">\u003c/a>There are many types of college savings accounts. Know the differences\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not all CSAs are the same. Some only serve families in specific cities or who have kids starting at a certain age. There are some options, like San Francisco’s K2C, that offer cash incentives when students take time to explore their account or learn more about personal finance. Others offer an experience that somewhat resembles having an investment portfolio, where families can see annual returns based on what they save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, every student enrolled in the district’, regardless of their grade or academic performance, already has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11952106/kindergarten-to-college-2023\">a K2C account in their name with $50 deposited in it\u003c/a>, made possible by the Office of the City Treasurer. Parents don’t have to do anything to open up their child’s account – that’s done automatically for them. But if they want to contribute to the account, see the balance, or withdraw the savings when it’s time for college, they need to \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/k2c/my-account/register-view-balance-online\">visit the K2C portal\u003c/a> and register their child’s information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nonprofit organizations that help Oakland families save for college\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit Oakland Promise manages two similar programs: \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandpromise.org/resources/family-resources/\">Oakland Promise Kindergarten to College\u003c/a> helps open savings accounts for families in Oakland public schools and offers scholarships for students who graduate high school, and the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandpromise.org/brilliant-baby/\">Brilliant Baby program\u003c/a>, opens college savings accounts with $500 already added, for families who recently had a baby and who qualify for Medi-Cal or food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families in Oakland Promise’s Kindergarten to College program have two options: they can either open a college savings account with Self-Help Federal Credit Union at the West Oakland branch or open a \u003ca href=\"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/1/529plan.asp\">529 plan, a college savings plan\u003c/a> that in many cases offers annual returns to the account.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"state\">\u003c/a>California-based college savings programs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wherever you live in California, you can always open up a 529 account – even years before your child starts school, thanks to the state’s own 529 plan: \u003ca href=\"https://www.scholarshare529.com/\">ScholarShare 529\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families can define their financial goals and set the length of time they want to save for. They can even choose for savings to go into bigger investment portfolios, which comes with risk, but also the possibility of annual returns.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Another savings option California offers for families across the state is \u003ca href=\"https://calkids.org/need-help/\">CalKIDS\u003c/a>. Two groups of young Californians are eligible for CalKIDS: children born on or after the creation of the program on July 1, 2022 and current K–12 students enrolled in any California public school who are unhoused, enrolled in a foster youth program or are considered by the state to come from lower-income households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to be the parent or the child’s legal guardian to make a deposit into a CSA. These accounts make it very easy for relatives and friends to make deposits into these accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option is to share your child’s CSA account details to folks who are unsure what to give as a birthday present, making sure to let them know that each dollar received can only be used for educational purposes. And that way, your community can support this goal as your child grows up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something else to look out for: Some CSA programs will add cash into your account if you or your child take certain online courses or participate in contests. In San Francisco’s K2C, for example, whenever students take time to explore their account or learn more about personal finances, the program rewards them by adding small amounts into their accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check your student’s CSA website to learn more about specific cash incentives available for your account.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"kids\">\u003c/a>Overall, college savings is a family affair\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The most important piece of advice Brown has for fellow parents: “Make sure your kids understand what this program is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, it’s common for kids during kindergarten or the start of elementary school to go on a field trip to the bank where they can walk up to the teller and make a contribution to their K2C savings account. That’s a great experience, Brown says, but adds that it’s also very important for a family to sit down and talk about what that experience means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe they’re not really paying attention then to what their college future or college goals may be,” she said. “But I think having those continuous conversations will help children understand how important college is to them, their family and how they want to get there and what it takes to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, it’s normal to feel a little discouraged as a parent during these conversations, considering the overall costs of college that might feel hard to reach. But when talking to your child, Brown recommends explaining how “starting small can lead to something, and even if parents feel they don’t have anything — something is better than nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you feel your kid may be too young to focus on the complexity of college finances or savings, start off with something that feels more familiar – even if that’s just explaining the exciting concept of college itself. As chief programs officer for Oakland Promise, Veena Pawloski has spoken to hundreds of families, many of them in which both parents and children are approaching the topic of college for the first time. Her advice to get a conversation started with a family is asking, “Have you heard of college? What do you know about college?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then we start talking from there because if you just start talking about a college savings account, it’s super overwhelming,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "UC Santa Cruz Campus Bans for Protesters Are ‘Fundamentally Unfair,’ Lawyers Say",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lawyers representing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003855/uc-santa-cruz-students-professor-sue-over-campus-bans-after-pro-palestinian-protest\">pro-Palestinian protesters at UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> who were temporarily banned from campus last spring are asking a judge to halt the practice, calling it illegal and “fundamentally unfair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case seeks a court order declaring that the university cannot ban students without a hearing — except in situations where they find that the person’s presence poses a significant threat. In a motion filed Thursday night, lawyers asked the court to issue a preliminary injunction, preventing the school from doing so while the case works its way through the legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chessie Thacher, a senior attorney with the ACLU of Northern California, said the legal team felt it was important to stop the practice “as soon as possible” as students return to campus this week, expecting that there could be more protest activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are concerned that the school, if it thinks that it can use this section of penal code — 626.4 — indiscriminately, broadly, and just sort of gather everyone who’s in a spot protesting and ban them all instantly on the spot without due process, that’s a really big problem. And a lot of people will suffer,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Section 626.4 of the California Penal Code allows university officials to revoke consent for a person to be on campus for up to 14 days “whenever there is reasonable cause to believe that such person has willfully disrupted the orderly operation of such campus or facility.” Entering the campus while the ban is in place is a misdemeanor punishable by jail time or a fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988397/many-protesters-arrested-at-uc-santa-cruz-pro-palestinian-encampment\">112 protesters were arrested\u003c/a> after police in riot gear were deployed to a pro-Palestinian encampment set up in a little-used parking lot near the base of UC Santa Cruz’s mountainous campus. Some of those arrested had their permission to be on campus withdrawn under Section 626.4 and were left unable to access housing, campus resources or ways to complete their final exams and assignments, attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Two people affix a large brown sign with red text reading 'Do UCLA next' to a school sign outdoors near a busy street.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-1020x707.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-1536x1064.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Santa Cruz workers who are union members of UAW 4811 set up a sign in front of the university’s campus on May 20. Academic workers at UCSC walked off the job to strike in protest of the UC system’s handling of pro-Palestinian demonstrations. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thacher and a legal team representing two students and one professor who were arrested \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003855/uc-santa-cruz-students-professor-sue-over-campus-bans-after-pro-palestinian-protest\">sued the university\u003c/a> this month for what they said were illegal campus bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters’ lawyers argue that California’s Supreme Court has previously limited the scope of the legal code so that such bans can only be imposed without a hearing if a person’s presence on campus constitutes a “substantial and material threat of significant injury to persons or property,” and the students should have had due process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t present any such threat,” Rachel Lederman, another member of the legal team, told KQED earlier this month. “There was no violence or disruption caused by this protest. The only disruption was caused by these bans that instantly banished students from campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12006193 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/231031-UCSFGazaPresser-22-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students did have hearings, but those did not begin to take place until at least a week after the bans were issued, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for UC Santa Cruz did not immediately respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the protest, Lederman said, many students and staff had come to stand in solidarity after they found out that police were arriving, and throughout the night, police surrounded and squeezed in on demonstrators before making the eventual arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those arrested was professor Christine Hong, who said she joined around 11 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past, faculty have served as a buffer between students and the police at different protests. We’ve also been there to witness what has happened, and I also went because I also was joining in the protest,” Hong, who directs the campus Center for Racial Justice, said earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She received a campus ban and was unable to access her office and personal library or record asynchronous lecture videos she needed to prepare for an upcoming summer course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students Elio Ellutzi and Laaila Irshad are also joining the suit over their bans. Both reported in declarations filed with the court that they lost access to housing when they were barred from campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irshad worked as a resident adviser, for which she was compensated with free housing and access to meal points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She didn’t really have a way to get food. She doesn’t receive parental support; she depends on the meal points that she receives in compensation for her R.A. job,” Lederman said. “She also couldn’t do her R.A. job, even though residents were still contacting her for help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students reportedly lost access to their belongings, missed exams and failed courses while they could not go on campus — which aligned with the last two weeks of spring quarter. Hong said it was up to individual instructors to decide whether to offer students a remote option for their final exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing for a preliminary injunction has been set for Nov. 19, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lawyers representing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003855/uc-santa-cruz-students-professor-sue-over-campus-bans-after-pro-palestinian-protest\">pro-Palestinian protesters at UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> who were temporarily banned from campus last spring are asking a judge to halt the practice, calling it illegal and “fundamentally unfair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case seeks a court order declaring that the university cannot ban students without a hearing — except in situations where they find that the person’s presence poses a significant threat. In a motion filed Thursday night, lawyers asked the court to issue a preliminary injunction, preventing the school from doing so while the case works its way through the legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chessie Thacher, a senior attorney with the ACLU of Northern California, said the legal team felt it was important to stop the practice “as soon as possible” as students return to campus this week, expecting that there could be more protest activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are concerned that the school, if it thinks that it can use this section of penal code — 626.4 — indiscriminately, broadly, and just sort of gather everyone who’s in a spot protesting and ban them all instantly on the spot without due process, that’s a really big problem. And a lot of people will suffer,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Section 626.4 of the California Penal Code allows university officials to revoke consent for a person to be on campus for up to 14 days “whenever there is reasonable cause to believe that such person has willfully disrupted the orderly operation of such campus or facility.” Entering the campus while the ban is in place is a misdemeanor punishable by jail time or a fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988397/many-protesters-arrested-at-uc-santa-cruz-pro-palestinian-encampment\">112 protesters were arrested\u003c/a> after police in riot gear were deployed to a pro-Palestinian encampment set up in a little-used parking lot near the base of UC Santa Cruz’s mountainous campus. Some of those arrested had their permission to be on campus withdrawn under Section 626.4 and were left unable to access housing, campus resources or ways to complete their final exams and assignments, attorneys said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Two people affix a large brown sign with red text reading 'Do UCLA next' to a school sign outdoors near a busy street.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-1020x707.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2153861315_qut-1536x1064.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Santa Cruz workers who are union members of UAW 4811 set up a sign in front of the university’s campus on May 20. Academic workers at UCSC walked off the job to strike in protest of the UC system’s handling of pro-Palestinian demonstrations. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thacher and a legal team representing two students and one professor who were arrested \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003855/uc-santa-cruz-students-professor-sue-over-campus-bans-after-pro-palestinian-protest\">sued the university\u003c/a> this month for what they said were illegal campus bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters’ lawyers argue that California’s Supreme Court has previously limited the scope of the legal code so that such bans can only be imposed without a hearing if a person’s presence on campus constitutes a “substantial and material threat of significant injury to persons or property,” and the students should have had due process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t present any such threat,” Rachel Lederman, another member of the legal team, told KQED earlier this month. “There was no violence or disruption caused by this protest. The only disruption was caused by these bans that instantly banished students from campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students did have hearings, but those did not begin to take place until at least a week after the bans were issued, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for UC Santa Cruz did not immediately respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the protest, Lederman said, many students and staff had come to stand in solidarity after they found out that police were arriving, and throughout the night, police surrounded and squeezed in on demonstrators before making the eventual arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those arrested was professor Christine Hong, who said she joined around 11 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past, faculty have served as a buffer between students and the police at different protests. We’ve also been there to witness what has happened, and I also went because I also was joining in the protest,” Hong, who directs the campus Center for Racial Justice, said earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She received a campus ban and was unable to access her office and personal library or record asynchronous lecture videos she needed to prepare for an upcoming summer course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students Elio Ellutzi and Laaila Irshad are also joining the suit over their bans. Both reported in declarations filed with the court that they lost access to housing when they were barred from campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irshad worked as a resident adviser, for which she was compensated with free housing and access to meal points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She didn’t really have a way to get food. She doesn’t receive parental support; she depends on the meal points that she receives in compensation for her R.A. job,” Lederman said. “She also couldn’t do her R.A. job, even though residents were still contacting her for help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students reportedly lost access to their belongings, missed exams and failed courses while they could not go on campus — which aligned with the last two weeks of spring quarter. Hong said it was up to individual instructors to decide whether to offer students a remote option for their final exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing for a preliminary injunction has been set for Nov. 19, Thacher said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Lebanese Community Unites Amid Growing ‘Sense of Doom’ as Israeli Strikes Mount",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Ramzi Salti met with his new students at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford University\u003c/a> earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Arabic language course he has taught at the university for 25 years, students read the news and discuss current events. Salti, an advanced lecturer in the school’s Arabic program, told KQED he’s unsure how to incorporate the most recent conflict in Lebanon into his curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t had time to process any of it,” said Salti, whose family left Lebanon and immigrated to the United States 45 years ago. “But you cannot have a course about current events in the Middle East and not go there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern and anxiety have gripped the Bay Area’s Lebanese diaspora, a community of more than 5,000 people, according to estimates from the West Coast’s \u003ca href=\"https://honoraryconsulateoflebanon-uswestcoast.org/\">Honorary Consulate of Lebanon\u003c/a>, since Israel began pummeling southern Lebanon with airstrikes on Monday. More than 500 people were reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/25/world/middleeast/lebanon-civilian-death-toll-israel.html\">killed\u003c/a>, including 50 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands fled the region for Beirut, the country’s capital on the Mediterranean coast. The airstrikes follow a series of pager and other device explosions across the country facilitated by Israel. The coordinated attack on Hezbollah killed at least \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/24/hezbollah-pager-explosions-lebanon-israel-middle-east-iran-us-policy/\">40 people\u003c/a> and injured 3,000 others. Israel and Hezbollah, an Iran-backed militia and political party in Lebanon, have been locked in almost daily cross-border skirmishes since the Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of Richard Kadi’s family lives near Saida, a city in southern Lebanon. The barrages fuel constant worries about his cousins and uncles. Kadi, who lives in Belmont, checks on them daily. It’s difficult, he said, for them to escape the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006424\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae on Sept. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The roads are congested,” Kadi said. “They are really afraid that there won’t be any gas for the cars, or there won’t be any food or bread. People are worried and scared, and they don’t know how far this is going to escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MJ Azzi, who came to the United States as a student six years ago, is in constant communication with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are very scared,” she said. “They say that whatever it is that they have been dreading to happen for the past many months is happening right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti said that the situation has spiraled more dramatically than his friends and family in Lebanon expected. They’re now afraid the country could get dragged into the worst conflict in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there is a sense of doom, unfortunately, that has overtaken people who maybe had too rosy of a picture before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti remembers what he calls “a beautiful childhood” in the country. Lebanon was a cultural powerhouse for much of the 20th century. It has the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14647308\">liberal media\u003c/a> in any Arab country. Lebanese artists produced Arabic-language pop music, books and movies, and Beirut was known as the “Paris of the Middle East.” Many Lebanese people speak Arabic, English and French, and the country’s many religious and ethnic minorities are guaranteed representation in government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12005195 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-018-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, Lebanon was stable for three decades after gaining independence from France in the early 1940s. Salti recalled the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, which began as a clash between Lebanese Christians and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Then, the U.S., Syria, Israel and Iran got involved in the 15-year conflict that displaced nearly 1 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of Lebanese have left the country since. Many fled when Israel invaded and occupied southern Lebanon in 1982 and again in 2006 during the Israel-Hezbollah war. Hezbollah was founded after Israel’s invasion in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history looms heavily over this week’s fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s been the story of Lebanon for the past 50 years,” said Kadi, who emigrated from Lebanon 24 years ago. “Every now and then, there’s been bombardment attacks or airplanes flying over our heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger Lebanese, like Azzi, have been traumatized by the periodic violence, as well as the port explosion that rocked Beirut in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never plan for the future,” said Azzi, 27. “I grew up in a climate of instability, and it just feels like it’s been the same for as long as I’ve known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to the second-largest Lebanese diaspora in the U.S. after Michigan. Thousands gather annually at the Bay Area Lebanese Festival held in August in downtown Redwood City. On weekends, Kadi and friends play soccer and cards together, and they meet on Sundays at Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Kadi isn’t part of a political organization, he and others in the community share their opinions about the inflamed tensions in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People see things differently, from different perspectives,” Kadi said. “Of course, people blame Hezbollah. But at the end of the day, it’s the bigger power who can actually serve justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Bay Area politicians have called for an end to the violence. East Bay Congressman Mark DeSaulnier (D-Concord), who voted against providing offensive weapons to Israel earlier this year, is among the elected officials urging the Biden administration to pursue a ceasefire in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to see America assert that there has to be a regional and international pressure on both sides to stop and to get to a discussion about long-term peace, which means coexistence,” DeSaulnier said. “We’re tempting World War III. Not to be over reactionary, but smaller conflicts, as history has taught us, can escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final speech addressing the United Nations General Assembly on Tuesday, President Joe Biden said, “Nobody wants to see full-scale war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A solution is still possible,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Salti and Kadi hoped for a stronger statement from Biden. As they wait for a ceasefire, they find hope in community and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not teaching, Salti hosts a radio program and podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993183/ramzi-salti-champions-indie-arab-musicians-with-arabology-podcast\">Arabology\u003c/a>. Each \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/arabology/sets/podcasts\">two-hour episode\u003c/a> is filled with facts about Arabic music and artists, woven through an array of indie-Arabic tracks and remixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s planning an episode on Lebanese music featuring, Salti said, “everything that’s beautiful about Lebanon, not the war and destruction.” Included in the mix is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb7WKF3WLV0\">I Love You, Lebanon\u003c/a>,” a song released in 1970 by Fairuz, whom he called “the Diva of Lebanon.” The nostalgic lyrics summarize the love that a lot of Lebanese have for their country, Salti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a song about peace, about loving Lebanon through its best times and worst times,” he said. “It’s the best medication I could recommend right now in terms of Lebanese music that can be healing and empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">Carly Severn\u003c/a> contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Ramzi Salti met with his new students at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford University\u003c/a> earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Arabic language course he has taught at the university for 25 years, students read the news and discuss current events. Salti, an advanced lecturer in the school’s Arabic program, told KQED he’s unsure how to incorporate the most recent conflict in Lebanon into his curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t had time to process any of it,” said Salti, whose family left Lebanon and immigrated to the United States 45 years ago. “But you cannot have a course about current events in the Middle East and not go there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern and anxiety have gripped the Bay Area’s Lebanese diaspora, a community of more than 5,000 people, according to estimates from the West Coast’s \u003ca href=\"https://honoraryconsulateoflebanon-uswestcoast.org/\">Honorary Consulate of Lebanon\u003c/a>, since Israel began pummeling southern Lebanon with airstrikes on Monday. More than 500 people were reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/25/world/middleeast/lebanon-civilian-death-toll-israel.html\">killed\u003c/a>, including 50 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands fled the region for Beirut, the country’s capital on the Mediterranean coast. The airstrikes follow a series of pager and other device explosions across the country facilitated by Israel. The coordinated attack on Hezbollah killed at least \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/24/hezbollah-pager-explosions-lebanon-israel-middle-east-iran-us-policy/\">40 people\u003c/a> and injured 3,000 others. Israel and Hezbollah, an Iran-backed militia and political party in Lebanon, have been locked in almost daily cross-border skirmishes since the Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of Richard Kadi’s family lives near Saida, a city in southern Lebanon. The barrages fuel constant worries about his cousins and uncles. Kadi, who lives in Belmont, checks on them daily. It’s difficult, he said, for them to escape the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006424\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae on Sept. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The roads are congested,” Kadi said. “They are really afraid that there won’t be any gas for the cars, or there won’t be any food or bread. People are worried and scared, and they don’t know how far this is going to escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MJ Azzi, who came to the United States as a student six years ago, is in constant communication with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are very scared,” she said. “They say that whatever it is that they have been dreading to happen for the past many months is happening right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti said that the situation has spiraled more dramatically than his friends and family in Lebanon expected. They’re now afraid the country could get dragged into the worst conflict in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there is a sense of doom, unfortunately, that has overtaken people who maybe had too rosy of a picture before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti remembers what he calls “a beautiful childhood” in the country. Lebanon was a cultural powerhouse for much of the 20th century. It has the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14647308\">liberal media\u003c/a> in any Arab country. Lebanese artists produced Arabic-language pop music, books and movies, and Beirut was known as the “Paris of the Middle East.” Many Lebanese people speak Arabic, English and French, and the country’s many religious and ethnic minorities are guaranteed representation in government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, Lebanon was stable for three decades after gaining independence from France in the early 1940s. Salti recalled the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, which began as a clash between Lebanese Christians and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Then, the U.S., Syria, Israel and Iran got involved in the 15-year conflict that displaced nearly 1 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of Lebanese have left the country since. Many fled when Israel invaded and occupied southern Lebanon in 1982 and again in 2006 during the Israel-Hezbollah war. Hezbollah was founded after Israel’s invasion in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history looms heavily over this week’s fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s been the story of Lebanon for the past 50 years,” said Kadi, who emigrated from Lebanon 24 years ago. “Every now and then, there’s been bombardment attacks or airplanes flying over our heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger Lebanese, like Azzi, have been traumatized by the periodic violence, as well as the port explosion that rocked Beirut in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never plan for the future,” said Azzi, 27. “I grew up in a climate of instability, and it just feels like it’s been the same for as long as I’ve known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to the second-largest Lebanese diaspora in the U.S. after Michigan. Thousands gather annually at the Bay Area Lebanese Festival held in August in downtown Redwood City. On weekends, Kadi and friends play soccer and cards together, and they meet on Sundays at Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Kadi isn’t part of a political organization, he and others in the community share their opinions about the inflamed tensions in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People see things differently, from different perspectives,” Kadi said. “Of course, people blame Hezbollah. But at the end of the day, it’s the bigger power who can actually serve justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Bay Area politicians have called for an end to the violence. East Bay Congressman Mark DeSaulnier (D-Concord), who voted against providing offensive weapons to Israel earlier this year, is among the elected officials urging the Biden administration to pursue a ceasefire in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to see America assert that there has to be a regional and international pressure on both sides to stop and to get to a discussion about long-term peace, which means coexistence,” DeSaulnier said. “We’re tempting World War III. Not to be over reactionary, but smaller conflicts, as history has taught us, can escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final speech addressing the United Nations General Assembly on Tuesday, President Joe Biden said, “Nobody wants to see full-scale war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A solution is still possible,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Salti and Kadi hoped for a stronger statement from Biden. As they wait for a ceasefire, they find hope in community and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not teaching, Salti hosts a radio program and podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993183/ramzi-salti-champions-indie-arab-musicians-with-arabology-podcast\">Arabology\u003c/a>. Each \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/arabology/sets/podcasts\">two-hour episode\u003c/a> is filled with facts about Arabic music and artists, woven through an array of indie-Arabic tracks and remixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s planning an episode on Lebanese music featuring, Salti said, “everything that’s beautiful about Lebanon, not the war and destruction.” Included in the mix is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb7WKF3WLV0\">I Love You, Lebanon\u003c/a>,” a song released in 1970 by Fairuz, whom he called “the Diva of Lebanon.” The nostalgic lyrics summarize the love that a lot of Lebanese have for their country, Salti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a song about peace, about loving Lebanon through its best times and worst times,” he said. “It’s the best medication I could recommend right now in terms of Lebanese music that can be healing and empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">Carly Severn\u003c/a> contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s funding plan for California schools violates the state’s constitution and could endanger school funding in years to come, according to a lawsuit filed Thursday in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California School Boards Association, which filed the suit, has been \u003ca href=\"http://blog.csba.org/may-revise-announcement/\">outspoken in its opposition\u003c/a> to the plan since Newsom introduced his revised budget in May. The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/california-budget-legislature/\">state already passed its budget,\u003c/a> and the lawsuit won’t affect the money that’s already been allotted to schools, but the association hopes a judge will strike down what they described as Newsom’s “funding maneuver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor, trying to preserve funding for schools amid a tight economic climate, made up an $8.8 billion shortfall in the Proposition 98 school funding guarantee by borrowing from the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The manipulation … is unacceptable as it removes a funding safety net that has served schools for more than three decades and could be used by future governors and legislatures to avoid complying with the Proposition 98 funding guarantee,” association president Albert Gonzalez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s office said the accounting move was not only legal but \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2024/07/Response-to-the-California-School-Boards-Association-Regarding-Prop-98-Certification-CC.pdf\">saved schools from potential budget cuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because general fund revenues were significantly lower than estimated … the recalculated minimum guarantee for fiscal year 2022–23 is roughly $8.8 billion less than previously calculated,” Joe Stephenshaw, the state’s director of finance, \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2024/07/Response-to-the-California-School-Boards-Association-Regarding-Prop-98-Certification-CC.pdf\">wrote to legislative leaders\u003c/a> in July. “To help address this decrease in the minimum guarantee without impacting school district and community college district budgets,” the budget shifts some spending sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more education coverage\" tag=\"education\"]Proposition 98, passed nearly 40 years ago, sets a minimum funding guarantee for California’s public schools. Based on a complex set of formulas, the guarantee is roughly 40% of the state’s budget and pays for things such as teacher salaries and day-to-day operating expenses at the state’s 10,000 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has invested heavily in schools during his stint as governor, funneling billions to programs like community schools, improved school meals, student mental health and other initiatives. He’s said that these programs are especially important as students recover from the pandemic, academically as well as emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s per-pupil spending, which used to be among the nation’s lowest, is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/#:~:text=In%202019%E2%80%9320%20(the%20most,nation%20(%2416%2C023%20per%20pupil).\">above average\u003c/a>, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. In 2022–23, California spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed-data.org/State/CA\">$19,475 per student\u003c/a>, counting revenue from all sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the education budget this year was $134 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, schools are still facing a precarious budget outlook as federal pandemic relief money expires, absenteeism remains high and enrollment continues to drop in many parts of the state. California funds schools based on attendance, so fewer students in classrooms equals less revenue from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, schools are trying to find money to maintain programs that have proven successful, such as academic tutoring, after-school programs and summer school. They’re also grappling with teacher shortages in some subjects, and raising salaries to attract and retain staff.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom’s funding plan for California schools violates the state’s constitution and could endanger school funding in years to come, according to a lawsuit filed Thursday in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California School Boards Association, which filed the suit, has been \u003ca href=\"http://blog.csba.org/may-revise-announcement/\">outspoken in its opposition\u003c/a> to the plan since Newsom introduced his revised budget in May. The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/california-budget-legislature/\">state already passed its budget,\u003c/a> and the lawsuit won’t affect the money that’s already been allotted to schools, but the association hopes a judge will strike down what they described as Newsom’s “funding maneuver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor, trying to preserve funding for schools amid a tight economic climate, made up an $8.8 billion shortfall in the Proposition 98 school funding guarantee by borrowing from the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The manipulation … is unacceptable as it removes a funding safety net that has served schools for more than three decades and could be used by future governors and legislatures to avoid complying with the Proposition 98 funding guarantee,” association president Albert Gonzalez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s office said the accounting move was not only legal but \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2024/07/Response-to-the-California-School-Boards-Association-Regarding-Prop-98-Certification-CC.pdf\">saved schools from potential budget cuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because general fund revenues were significantly lower than estimated … the recalculated minimum guarantee for fiscal year 2022–23 is roughly $8.8 billion less than previously calculated,” Joe Stephenshaw, the state’s director of finance, \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2024/07/Response-to-the-California-School-Boards-Association-Regarding-Prop-98-Certification-CC.pdf\">wrote to legislative leaders\u003c/a> in July. “To help address this decrease in the minimum guarantee without impacting school district and community college district budgets,” the budget shifts some spending sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Proposition 98, passed nearly 40 years ago, sets a minimum funding guarantee for California’s public schools. Based on a complex set of formulas, the guarantee is roughly 40% of the state’s budget and pays for things such as teacher salaries and day-to-day operating expenses at the state’s 10,000 schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has invested heavily in schools during his stint as governor, funneling billions to programs like community schools, improved school meals, student mental health and other initiatives. He’s said that these programs are especially important as students recover from the pandemic, academically as well as emotionally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s per-pupil spending, which used to be among the nation’s lowest, is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/#:~:text=In%202019%E2%80%9320%20(the%20most,nation%20(%2416%2C023%20per%20pupil).\">above average\u003c/a>, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. In 2022–23, California spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.ed-data.org/State/CA\">$19,475 per student\u003c/a>, counting revenue from all sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the education budget this year was $134 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, schools are still facing a precarious budget outlook as federal pandemic relief money expires, absenteeism remains high and enrollment continues to drop in many parts of the state. California funds schools based on attendance, so fewer students in classrooms equals less revenue from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, schools are trying to find money to maintain programs that have proven successful, such as academic tutoring, after-school programs and summer school. They’re also grappling with teacher shortages in some subjects, and raising salaries to attract and retain staff.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF School District Should Focus on Budget Before Deciding on Campus Closures, Breed Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco school officials should focus on resolving the district’s budget before making final decisions about possible school closures, Mayor London Breed suggested during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101907207/mayor-london-breed-on-why-san-francisco-should-give-her-another-term\">an interview with KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her comments come as the San Francisco Unified School District faces multiple colliding issues, including a budget crisis that puts it at risk of a state takeover and other operational dysfunction. On Sunday, Breed announced she would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005932/sf-mayor-sends-team-to-address-crisis-at-school-district-but-dont-call-it-a-takeover\">send a team of five experts\u003c/a> led by top city administrators to help the district “stabilize.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year, when we balance this budget without school closures at this time, it’s going to give us an understanding of what the school district has to do long term,” Breed told KQED on Wednesday. “Because the fact is, no one can say, ‘We’re going to keep all the schools open’ or ‘We’re going to close the school.’ No one can say that because we don’t have the facts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s budget deficit is projected to reach $148.5 million this school year, and intervention by the California Department of Education has already begun. While the district is required to pass a balanced budget by December, it has also been moving forward with plans for its first campus closures in 20 years — which district officials have said are meant to make up for steadily declining enrollment, not to cut costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed did not confirm any timeline for the next steps for school closures, which the district ultimately will decide. District officials on Tuesday said they still intend to share out a short list of schools that could face closure by October; that target was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004831/anxious-waiting-game-drags-on-as-sfusd-delays-list-of-school-closures\">pushed back from last week\u003c/a> after Superintendent Matt Wayne said officials needed more time to “carefully review everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to set a timeline, which we don’t have at this point, but we hope to have it sometime in October to put parents at ease,” Breed said. “People need to have clarity, they need to have a timeline, and our goal is to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12004831 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240916-UNIONSFSCHOOLCLOSURES-42-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district’s initial timeline, the list of campuses recommended for closure would go up for a school board vote in December, with the affected campuses shutting down at the end of the academic year. While he has not set a new date for releasing the list of schools that will close or merge, Wayne said on Tuesday that he still expects a board vote before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“December will be [a] critical month because this is when we present our updated fiscal stabilization plan, which shows how we’re going to balance the budget and ensure that we maintain local control, and then it’s also when we’re going to present to the board and ask for their action on our school closure plan,” Wayne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staving off school closure plans until after the district balances its budget would align with a resolution that Supervisor Connie Chan introduced on Tuesday, although Breed did not say she is backing the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SFUSD should be focused on shoring up their existing budgetary concerns,” Chan said in a statement. “We need to work with the California Department of Education, school district families, and community stakeholders on solutions to balance the district’s budget deficit in the best interest of San Francisco students and families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The District 1 supervisor said rushing school closures could also hurt the likelihood of the district passing its $790 million bond on the ballot this November. The measure, Proposition A, would provide critical funding for schools and district infrastructure, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002125/as-san-francisco-school-closures-loom-frustrated-teachers-say-hiring-has-hit-a-wall\">beleaguered hiring and payroll system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed, who is facing a tight reelection this November, announced that she would deploy the so-called School Stabilization Team shortly after an emergency school board meeting on Sunday at which officials said Wayne would stay on as superintendent. During a joint press conference with Wayne on Tuesday, SFUSD Board President Matt Alexander said he called the meeting and requested support from Breed because he felt a sense of urgency to address fiscal and operational problems in the district “immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexander and Wayne met Tuesday morning with the leaders of Breed’s emergency team — Maria Su, the executive director of the Department of Children Youth and Their Families, and Phil Ginsburg, the general manager of the Recreation and Parks Department — and started to work out “specific ideas” for how they could help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been very clear from the mayor, from Maria Su, from Phil Ginsburg, that this is a partnership,” Alexander said. “It is not the city telling us what to do. It is the city offering resources, supporting us, working in partnership with the school district to address the issues the Superintendent outlined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Forum, Breed asked SFUSD parents to “please be patient with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For sure, this year, the first plan is to balance the budget for December,” Breed said. “We need to look at the data to understand and determine what will happen, and until we do that, I can’t say anything will happen this school year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco school officials should focus on resolving the district’s budget before making final decisions about possible school closures, Mayor London Breed suggested during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101907207/mayor-london-breed-on-why-san-francisco-should-give-her-another-term\">an interview with KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her comments come as the San Francisco Unified School District faces multiple colliding issues, including a budget crisis that puts it at risk of a state takeover and other operational dysfunction. On Sunday, Breed announced she would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005932/sf-mayor-sends-team-to-address-crisis-at-school-district-but-dont-call-it-a-takeover\">send a team of five experts\u003c/a> led by top city administrators to help the district “stabilize.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year, when we balance this budget without school closures at this time, it’s going to give us an understanding of what the school district has to do long term,” Breed told KQED on Wednesday. “Because the fact is, no one can say, ‘We’re going to keep all the schools open’ or ‘We’re going to close the school.’ No one can say that because we don’t have the facts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s budget deficit is projected to reach $148.5 million this school year, and intervention by the California Department of Education has already begun. While the district is required to pass a balanced budget by December, it has also been moving forward with plans for its first campus closures in 20 years — which district officials have said are meant to make up for steadily declining enrollment, not to cut costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed did not confirm any timeline for the next steps for school closures, which the district ultimately will decide. District officials on Tuesday said they still intend to share out a short list of schools that could face closure by October; that target was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12004831/anxious-waiting-game-drags-on-as-sfusd-delays-list-of-school-closures\">pushed back from last week\u003c/a> after Superintendent Matt Wayne said officials needed more time to “carefully review everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to set a timeline, which we don’t have at this point, but we hope to have it sometime in October to put parents at ease,” Breed said. “People need to have clarity, they need to have a timeline, and our goal is to get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the district’s initial timeline, the list of campuses recommended for closure would go up for a school board vote in December, with the affected campuses shutting down at the end of the academic year. While he has not set a new date for releasing the list of schools that will close or merge, Wayne said on Tuesday that he still expects a board vote before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“December will be [a] critical month because this is when we present our updated fiscal stabilization plan, which shows how we’re going to balance the budget and ensure that we maintain local control, and then it’s also when we’re going to present to the board and ask for their action on our school closure plan,” Wayne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staving off school closure plans until after the district balances its budget would align with a resolution that Supervisor Connie Chan introduced on Tuesday, although Breed did not say she is backing the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SFUSD should be focused on shoring up their existing budgetary concerns,” Chan said in a statement. “We need to work with the California Department of Education, school district families, and community stakeholders on solutions to balance the district’s budget deficit in the best interest of San Francisco students and families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The District 1 supervisor said rushing school closures could also hurt the likelihood of the district passing its $790 million bond on the ballot this November. The measure, Proposition A, would provide critical funding for schools and district infrastructure, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002125/as-san-francisco-school-closures-loom-frustrated-teachers-say-hiring-has-hit-a-wall\">beleaguered hiring and payroll system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed, who is facing a tight reelection this November, announced that she would deploy the so-called School Stabilization Team shortly after an emergency school board meeting on Sunday at which officials said Wayne would stay on as superintendent. During a joint press conference with Wayne on Tuesday, SFUSD Board President Matt Alexander said he called the meeting and requested support from Breed because he felt a sense of urgency to address fiscal and operational problems in the district “immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexander and Wayne met Tuesday morning with the leaders of Breed’s emergency team — Maria Su, the executive director of the Department of Children Youth and Their Families, and Phil Ginsburg, the general manager of the Recreation and Parks Department — and started to work out “specific ideas” for how they could help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been very clear from the mayor, from Maria Su, from Phil Ginsburg, that this is a partnership,” Alexander said. “It is not the city telling us what to do. It is the city offering resources, supporting us, working in partnership with the school district to address the issues the Superintendent outlined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Forum, Breed asked SFUSD parents to “please be patient with us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For sure, this year, the first plan is to balance the budget for December,” Breed said. “We need to look at the data to understand and determine what will happen, and until we do that, I can’t say anything will happen this school year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A social media post by a University of California San Francisco professor suggesting that an Israeli medical student may have participated in genocide has generated backlash within a health care community already divided over the war between Israel and Hamas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sunday post on X by Dr. Rupa Marya, a professor of internal medicine, referenced student concerns that a medical student from Israel may have, she wrote, “participated in the genocide of Palestinians in the IDF before matriculating to medical school in CA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She then asked, “How do we address this in our professional ranks?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The post quickly caught steam on social media, with more than 214,000 views, nearly 1,000 shares and hundreds of comments in support of both the student and Marya, the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/ucsf-doctor-israeli-student-social-media-19787105.php\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Scott_Wiener/status/1837570677492404558\">rebuke\u003c/a> from state Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was absolutely horrified when I saw Dr. Marya’s post,” Wiener told KQED. “She is a professor at UCSF, and for her to basically publicly encourage people to harass a first-year med student is just unconscionable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener, who co-chairs the Legislative Jewish Caucus, said the committee has been focused on the experiences of Jewish students on the state’s college campuses since the Hamas attack on Israel that killed over 1,200 civilians on Oct. 7, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener and Marya \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003439/a-ucsf-student-advocate-spoke-up-for-faculty-of-color-then-she-was-fired\">clashed online\u003c/a> in January after Marya wrote that the “presence of Zionism” in U.S. medicine should be examined as a “structural impediment to health equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She promoted a conspiracy theory that ‘Zionist doctors at UCSF were going to harm patients,’ which is an old antisemitic conspiracy theory about Jewish doctors,” Wiener said. “And now she’s at it again, trying to demonize med students — her own students at her own institution — because they are Israeli. It’s completely unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marya, who co-founded Do No Harm, a policy advocacy coalition, has been a vocal proponent of a cease-fire resolution. In San Francisco, she has long been known as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13855177/doctor-musician-and-activist-rupa-marya-offers-a-healing-balm-on-new-april-fishes-album\">local physician, musician and activist\u003c/a>. In 2021, she co-authored \u003cem>Inflamed: Deep Medicine and the Anatomy of Injustice\u003c/em>, a book about how the socioeconomic background of patients can influence their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never come up against the kind of repression and, specifically, racist repression that I’ve seen and experienced since I’ve said ‘stop bombing hospitals,’” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003439/a-ucsf-student-advocate-spoke-up-for-faculty-of-color-then-she-was-fired\">told KQED earlier this month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marya, who has since deleted her X account, did not respond to KQED’s request for comment on this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1156\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-1536x888.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-1920x1110.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCSF professor Dr. Rupa Marya faced backlash after sharing students’ concerns about an Israeli classmate’s military background. State Sen. Scott Wiener condemned the “toxic environment” at UCSF, and Chancellor Sam Hawgood promised swift action. \u003ccite>(Thomas Hawk/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Monday, UCSF Chancellor Sam Hawgood promised “immediate action to address the situation,” according to a letter \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/UCSF/status/1838236238392054151\">published on social media\u003c/a>. A spokesperson for the UCSF declined to elaborate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campuses across the UC system have been roiled by conflict over the Israel-Hamas war. At UCSF, which is the city’s second-largest employer and serves over 40,000 patients a year, the graduate school and the university’s public hospitals are closely intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerned staff and students have said the school is prohibiting them from speaking out against the health implications of a war that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/gazas-first-polio-case-in-25-years-highlights-total-collapse-of-its-health-infrastructure\">destroyed\u003c/a> Gaza’s medical infrastructure and claimed more than 40,000 Palestinian lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the discussions with faculty are in huddled, quiet spaces for fear of being reprimanded, for fear of being counseled, for fear of being unfairly written up and in some cases publicly attacked,” Jess Ghannam, chair of UCSF’s faculty association, said. “There’s no place or space where we can openly and freely speak about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghannam declined to speak about Marya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 19, some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005478/university-of-california-is-accused-of-trying-to-silence-faculty-speech-about-war-in-gaza\">faculty members at UCSF\u003c/a> joined faculty from across the state to accuse the UC system of carrying out an illegal campaign to repress academic freedom in the wake of pro-Palestinian campus protests. This came after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003439/a-ucsf-student-advocate-spoke-up-for-faculty-of-color-then-she-was-fired\">UCSF employee was allegedly fired for expressing support for Marya\u003c/a> and then sharing colleagues’ complaints in an email, which was a violation of school policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF was also notably the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986812/some-bay-area-universities-reach-deal-to-end-encampments-but-students-say-their-fight-continues\">site of the stiffest university opposition to student encampments\u003c/a> among Bay Area campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us are bearing witness to the fact that this genocide is going on, and health workers are uniquely qualified and obligated to speak up against this,” Ghannam said. “The idea that we would be silent in the face of this grotesque violence that’s being carried out right now goes against everything that we believe as health workers, as physicians, as nurses, as doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it goes against the very values of UCSF.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A social media post by a University of California San Francisco professor suggesting that an Israeli medical student may have participated in genocide has generated backlash within a health care community already divided over the war between Israel and Hamas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sunday post on X by Dr. Rupa Marya, a professor of internal medicine, referenced student concerns that a medical student from Israel may have, she wrote, “participated in the genocide of Palestinians in the IDF before matriculating to medical school in CA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She then asked, “How do we address this in our professional ranks?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The post quickly caught steam on social media, with more than 214,000 views, nearly 1,000 shares and hundreds of comments in support of both the student and Marya, the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/ucsf-doctor-israeli-student-social-media-19787105.php\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Scott_Wiener/status/1837570677492404558\">rebuke\u003c/a> from state Sen. Scott Wiener (D-San Francisco).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was absolutely horrified when I saw Dr. Marya’s post,” Wiener told KQED. “She is a professor at UCSF, and for her to basically publicly encourage people to harass a first-year med student is just unconscionable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener, who co-chairs the Legislative Jewish Caucus, said the committee has been focused on the experiences of Jewish students on the state’s college campuses since the Hamas attack on Israel that killed over 1,200 civilians on Oct. 7, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener and Marya \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003439/a-ucsf-student-advocate-spoke-up-for-faculty-of-color-then-she-was-fired\">clashed online\u003c/a> in January after Marya wrote that the “presence of Zionism” in U.S. medicine should be examined as a “structural impediment to health equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She promoted a conspiracy theory that ‘Zionist doctors at UCSF were going to harm patients,’ which is an old antisemitic conspiracy theory about Jewish doctors,” Wiener said. “And now she’s at it again, trying to demonize med students — her own students at her own institution — because they are Israeli. It’s completely unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marya, who co-founded Do No Harm, a policy advocacy coalition, has been a vocal proponent of a cease-fire resolution. In San Francisco, she has long been known as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13855177/doctor-musician-and-activist-rupa-marya-offers-a-healing-balm-on-new-april-fishes-album\">local physician, musician and activist\u003c/a>. In 2021, she co-authored \u003cem>Inflamed: Deep Medicine and the Anatomy of Injustice\u003c/em>, a book about how the socioeconomic background of patients can influence their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never come up against the kind of repression and, specifically, racist repression that I’ve seen and experienced since I’ve said ‘stop bombing hospitals,’” she \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003439/a-ucsf-student-advocate-spoke-up-for-faculty-of-color-then-she-was-fired\">told KQED earlier this month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marya, who has since deleted her X account, did not respond to KQED’s request for comment on this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006199\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006199\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1156\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-1536x888.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/3050240908_520abecbfb_o_qed-1920x1110.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCSF professor Dr. Rupa Marya faced backlash after sharing students’ concerns about an Israeli classmate’s military background. State Sen. Scott Wiener condemned the “toxic environment” at UCSF, and Chancellor Sam Hawgood promised swift action. \u003ccite>(Thomas Hawk/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Monday, UCSF Chancellor Sam Hawgood promised “immediate action to address the situation,” according to a letter \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/UCSF/status/1838236238392054151\">published on social media\u003c/a>. A spokesperson for the UCSF declined to elaborate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campuses across the UC system have been roiled by conflict over the Israel-Hamas war. At UCSF, which is the city’s second-largest employer and serves over 40,000 patients a year, the graduate school and the university’s public hospitals are closely intertwined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerned staff and students have said the school is prohibiting them from speaking out against the health implications of a war that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/gazas-first-polio-case-in-25-years-highlights-total-collapse-of-its-health-infrastructure\">destroyed\u003c/a> Gaza’s medical infrastructure and claimed more than 40,000 Palestinian lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the discussions with faculty are in huddled, quiet spaces for fear of being reprimanded, for fear of being counseled, for fear of being unfairly written up and in some cases publicly attacked,” Jess Ghannam, chair of UCSF’s faculty association, said. “There’s no place or space where we can openly and freely speak about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghannam declined to speak about Marya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sept. 19, some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005478/university-of-california-is-accused-of-trying-to-silence-faculty-speech-about-war-in-gaza\">faculty members at UCSF\u003c/a> joined faculty from across the state to accuse the UC system of carrying out an illegal campaign to repress academic freedom in the wake of pro-Palestinian campus protests. This came after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003439/a-ucsf-student-advocate-spoke-up-for-faculty-of-color-then-she-was-fired\">UCSF employee was allegedly fired for expressing support for Marya\u003c/a> and then sharing colleagues’ complaints in an email, which was a violation of school policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF was also notably the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11986812/some-bay-area-universities-reach-deal-to-end-encampments-but-students-say-their-fight-continues\">site of the stiffest university opposition to student encampments\u003c/a> among Bay Area campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us are bearing witness to the fact that this genocide is going on, and health workers are uniquely qualified and obligated to speak up against this,” Ghannam said. “The idea that we would be silent in the face of this grotesque violence that’s being carried out right now goes against everything that we believe as health workers, as physicians, as nurses, as doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it goes against the very values of UCSF.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Less than two months into this school year, three families seeking shelter in Monterey County asked for motel vouchers from their children’s schools and were turned away. The vouchers, along with several other services for students experiencing homelessness, are no more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The families sought help from the schools because, in the past, that was where the county’s homeless liaison had provided them with vouchers for short stays at local motels, temporarily sheltering their homeless families with the ultimate goal of getting them into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the funds that paid for those vouchers came from a federal program, the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"http://american%20rescue%20plan-homeless%20children%20and%20youth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth\u003c/a>, known as ARP-HCY. The historic allocation of $800 million for schools nationwide, of which California received $98.76 million, was one-time pandemic-era funding that must be committed by the end of this month and used by the end of January 2025. There is a possibility for schools to receive an extension on the timeline to spend the funds, though they won’t receive additional amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no plan either at the federal or state level to replace those funds at anywhere near the same level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a fair amount of heartache because the needs are high and higher than they were even before the pandemic, and homelessness is always a crisis,” said Barbara Duffield, executive director of youth homelessness nonprofit \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://schoolhouseconnection.org/arp-hcy?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw9Km3BhDjARIsAGUb4nwON2QtPrh3rWupb3qeZxG64oBxcjoBu6ugYUCiuv6fcTr6ICK9c-kaAp2pEALw_wcB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SchoolHouse Connection\u003c/a>. “The prospect of the additional funds to meet those heightened needs going away is demoralizing. It’s true everywhere, but I think particularly true in California, where homelessness is unabated, to say the least.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In preparation for the fiscal cliff, homeless liaisons — \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/liaisons-play-pivotal-role-in-connecting-california-homeless-children-to-services/667682\">school staff tasked with identifying and supporting students experiencing homelessness\u003c/a> — are ending some services for students that they’d begun offering during the pandemic, laying off staff, and braiding together other streams of funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Rising rates of child homelessness as the funding to address it decreases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Homeless liaisons have long rung the alarm of rising child homelessness, and their concerns are not without merit. The rate of \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/amid-pockets-of-rising-student-homelessness-california-districts-tap-covid-funding-to-help-families/691737\">student homelessness in California rose by 9%\u003c/a> during the 2022–23 school year from the year prior. Child poverty in the state also increased in 2023 for the third year in a row and, at 19.2%, is now higher than its pre-pandemic rate of 18.6%, according to \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/california-poverty-increases-for-third-year-in-a-row-surpassing-pre-pandemic-rates\">a recent analysis\u003c/a> published by the California Budget and Policy Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a significant dip in student homelessness rates at the peak of the pandemic, which was followed by a sharp increase once schools reopened. Experts attribute this dramatic shift to \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/california-launches-effort-to-count-all-homeless-students-quick-guide/665252\">the identification efforts by liaisons\u003c/a>. While some of the increase can be attributed to rising homelessness amid skyrocketing rent prices and inflation, it is also in part due to the staff hired with ARP-HCY funds whose jobs were to figure out which students were homeless and to connect them with resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liaisons have also resoundingly cited a critical issue: There is no dedicated, ongoing funding for their work, which they say impedes their ability to implement long-term programming, hire staff and build out preventive measures to help families avoid homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The money that we received is the money that we should be receiving on a regular basis to do the work that we need to do,” said Jennifer Kottke, the homeless liaison for the Los Angeles County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other streams of funding for students experiencing homelessness, but most are one-time funds, too limited to be distributed across all schools, or they are not set aside specifically for this population of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, California’s funding formula for education requires that funds be set aside for high-needs students, which includes homeless students. But those dollars need to be distributed across all high-needs students, not only those experiencing homelessness. As such, the percentage of funds has long been disproportionate to the number of homeless children enrolled in schools statewide. And crucially, this funding requires first identifying students who are homeless — the very effort school staff said needs to first be funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act’s Education for Homeless Children And Youth grant, but at $129 million nationwide, it is a fraction of the windfall the ARP-HCY provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, there was \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/homeless-youth-advocates-call-for-dedicated-state-funding-local-flexibility/707855\">a statewide push to include $13 million in the state budget\u003c/a> as dedicated funding for students experiencing homelessness. The amount was a match for the federal McKinney-Vento dollars California received in the pre-pandemic years, but the state Legislature failed to pass it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What did liaisons do with ARP-HCY funding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Liaisons are pointing to ARP-HCY dollars as an example of the possibilities for supporting students experiencing homelessness when they are given the opportunity to hire staff and expand their services for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing is that the work is intense, but the funding doesn’t match, so then you end up undercounting because you don’t have the time to do the proper identification process,” L.A. County’s Kottke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the influx of funds, Kottke hired someone to run a countywide free tutoring program for a year and a half that served about 600 students experiencing homelessness, a data analyst to navigate the complicated nature of homelessness data, and a community outreach specialist to distribute informational modules to other liaisons and share social media posts on homeless education resources. In the last school year alone, her office served at least 63,000 students and families experiencing homelessness, though they are still finalizing their numbers and expect that number to be higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12005503,mindshift_64314,news_11999471\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her county office received just over $3 million in the first round of ARP-HCY distributions and about $253,000 in the second round — but these amounts include the funds for 78 districts and charters that Kottke contracted with as the head of her local consortium, which she and other county offices statewide had to create in order to distribute funds to any districts and charters that received less than $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/amid-pockets-of-rising-student-homelessness-california-districts-tap-covid-funding-to-help-families/691737\">motel vouchers in \u003c/a>Monterey County were paired with case management to guide families through the county’s housing assistance programs. The part-time staffer in charge of that was hired with ARP-HCY funds, which means that Donna Smith, the county’s homeless liaison, has had to eliminate the position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Rescue Plan “was designed as a safety net to be able to help students still participate in school, still have access to the curriculum,” said Smith, whose county has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/pockets-of-districts-across-california-show-increases-in-homeless-students-in-2022-23-school-year/691619\">some of the highest concentrations of student homelessness\u003c/a>. “It was really designed to keep them from failing in school because we know that school is very important no matter what you do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To highlight the importance of education, Smith also hired two people to run after-school programs for children at homeless shelters in the region. Every day, for two and a half years, children at the shelters were taught music and art, played sports, and went on field trips on the weekends. However, with the money drying up, the programs were shut down on June 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith’s county office received about $423,000 in the first round of allocations and just under $29,000 in the second round. As with Kottke, she was also the head of her local consortium and distributed portions of that funding to other districts and charters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, Smith had to lay off seven part-time employees, and Kottke is laying off two this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther north, Meagan Meloy, Butte County’s liaison, began offering what she calls “the next tier of support for students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her two decades doing this work, Meloy has focused on ensuring that students experiencing homelessness were enrolled and could get a ride to school. “That always felt like a Band-Aid approach versus the more comprehensive case management,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with over $295,000 total in ARP-HCY funds, she was also able to support families with getting into housing, maintaining their housing, addressing their social-emotional needs, offering academic support, and distributing basic aid needs like food and clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just puts more restrictions on prioritizing which students and families we’re going to serve first,” Meloy said, referring to the end of ARP-HCY funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the uses of the federal funds was the increase in identification efforts. A significant dip in student homelessness followed school closures at the height of the pandemic, which experts agree occurred because the identification of students experiencing homelessness relies on school staff being able to see and interact with children. That became much more difficult, at times impossible, via video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If liaisons do not notice signs of potential homelessness, it is then up to the student and their families to self-identify. But, according to interviews with liaisons statewide, few children and families self-identify as homeless; they might feel ashamed, be fearful of their children being taken away from them, or might not consider themselves as being homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such challenges make identification of homelessness among students a key part of every homeless liaison’s job. Some schools, such as \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/amid-pockets-of-rising-student-homelessness-california-districts-tap-covid-funding-to-help-families/691737\">Santa Rita Union Elementary in \u003c/a>Monterey County, used their ARP-HCY money to hire staff who focused primarily on calling and visiting families they believed might be homeless. It’s a job that liaisons say requires significant investment in time, money and effort, as trust needs to be built with families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll see even a bigger bump (in homelessness rates) for ’23–’24 because that’s when ARP was fully out, but if it goes down next year, it’s not going to be because ‘Oh, we’re solving homelessness,’” Duffield said. “It’s because there are fewer people knocking on doors and following up and asking questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/looming-end-of-historic-student-homelessness-funding-has-arrived/719222\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The historic allocation of $800 million for schools nationwide, of which California received $98.76 million, was one-time pandemic-era funding that must be committed by the end of this month and used by the end of January 2025.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Less than two months into this school year, three families seeking shelter in Monterey County asked for motel vouchers from their children’s schools and were turned away. The vouchers, along with several other services for students experiencing homelessness, are no more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The families sought help from the schools because, in the past, that was where the county’s homeless liaison had provided them with vouchers for short stays at local motels, temporarily sheltering their homeless families with the ultimate goal of getting them into permanent housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the funds that paid for those vouchers came from a federal program, the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"http://american%20rescue%20plan-homeless%20children%20and%20youth/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Rescue Plan-Homeless Children and Youth\u003c/a>, known as ARP-HCY. The historic allocation of $800 million for schools nationwide, of which California received $98.76 million, was one-time pandemic-era funding that must be committed by the end of this month and used by the end of January 2025. There is a possibility for schools to receive an extension on the timeline to spend the funds, though they won’t receive additional amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no plan either at the federal or state level to replace those funds at anywhere near the same level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a fair amount of heartache because the needs are high and higher than they were even before the pandemic, and homelessness is always a crisis,” said Barbara Duffield, executive director of youth homelessness nonprofit \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://schoolhouseconnection.org/arp-hcy?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw9Km3BhDjARIsAGUb4nwON2QtPrh3rWupb3qeZxG64oBxcjoBu6ugYUCiuv6fcTr6ICK9c-kaAp2pEALw_wcB\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SchoolHouse Connection\u003c/a>. “The prospect of the additional funds to meet those heightened needs going away is demoralizing. It’s true everywhere, but I think particularly true in California, where homelessness is unabated, to say the least.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In preparation for the fiscal cliff, homeless liaisons — \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/liaisons-play-pivotal-role-in-connecting-california-homeless-children-to-services/667682\">school staff tasked with identifying and supporting students experiencing homelessness\u003c/a> — are ending some services for students that they’d begun offering during the pandemic, laying off staff, and braiding together other streams of funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Rising rates of child homelessness as the funding to address it decreases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Homeless liaisons have long rung the alarm of rising child homelessness, and their concerns are not without merit. The rate of \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/amid-pockets-of-rising-student-homelessness-california-districts-tap-covid-funding-to-help-families/691737\">student homelessness in California rose by 9%\u003c/a> during the 2022–23 school year from the year prior. Child poverty in the state also increased in 2023 for the third year in a row and, at 19.2%, is now higher than its pre-pandemic rate of 18.6%, according to \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/california-poverty-increases-for-third-year-in-a-row-surpassing-pre-pandemic-rates\">a recent analysis\u003c/a> published by the California Budget and Policy Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a significant dip in student homelessness rates at the peak of the pandemic, which was followed by a sharp increase once schools reopened. Experts attribute this dramatic shift to \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2022/california-launches-effort-to-count-all-homeless-students-quick-guide/665252\">the identification efforts by liaisons\u003c/a>. While some of the increase can be attributed to rising homelessness amid skyrocketing rent prices and inflation, it is also in part due to the staff hired with ARP-HCY funds whose jobs were to figure out which students were homeless and to connect them with resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liaisons have also resoundingly cited a critical issue: There is no dedicated, ongoing funding for their work, which they say impedes their ability to implement long-term programming, hire staff and build out preventive measures to help families avoid homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The money that we received is the money that we should be receiving on a regular basis to do the work that we need to do,” said Jennifer Kottke, the homeless liaison for the Los Angeles County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other streams of funding for students experiencing homelessness, but most are one-time funds, too limited to be distributed across all schools, or they are not set aside specifically for this population of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, California’s funding formula for education requires that funds be set aside for high-needs students, which includes homeless students. But those dollars need to be distributed across all high-needs students, not only those experiencing homelessness. As such, the percentage of funds has long been disproportionate to the number of homeless children enrolled in schools statewide. And crucially, this funding requires first identifying students who are homeless — the very effort school staff said needs to first be funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act’s Education for Homeless Children And Youth grant, but at $129 million nationwide, it is a fraction of the windfall the ARP-HCY provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, there was \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/homeless-youth-advocates-call-for-dedicated-state-funding-local-flexibility/707855\">a statewide push to include $13 million in the state budget\u003c/a> as dedicated funding for students experiencing homelessness. The amount was a match for the federal McKinney-Vento dollars California received in the pre-pandemic years, but the state Legislature failed to pass it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What did liaisons do with ARP-HCY funding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Liaisons are pointing to ARP-HCY dollars as an example of the possibilities for supporting students experiencing homelessness when they are given the opportunity to hire staff and expand their services for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing is that the work is intense, but the funding doesn’t match, so then you end up undercounting because you don’t have the time to do the proper identification process,” L.A. County’s Kottke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the influx of funds, Kottke hired someone to run a countywide free tutoring program for a year and a half that served about 600 students experiencing homelessness, a data analyst to navigate the complicated nature of homelessness data, and a community outreach specialist to distribute informational modules to other liaisons and share social media posts on homeless education resources. In the last school year alone, her office served at least 63,000 students and families experiencing homelessness, though they are still finalizing their numbers and expect that number to be higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her county office received just over $3 million in the first round of ARP-HCY distributions and about $253,000 in the second round — but these amounts include the funds for 78 districts and charters that Kottke contracted with as the head of her local consortium, which she and other county offices statewide had to create in order to distribute funds to any districts and charters that received less than $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/amid-pockets-of-rising-student-homelessness-california-districts-tap-covid-funding-to-help-families/691737\">motel vouchers in \u003c/a>Monterey County were paired with case management to guide families through the county’s housing assistance programs. The part-time staffer in charge of that was hired with ARP-HCY funds, which means that Donna Smith, the county’s homeless liaison, has had to eliminate the position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Rescue Plan “was designed as a safety net to be able to help students still participate in school, still have access to the curriculum,” said Smith, whose county has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/pockets-of-districts-across-california-show-increases-in-homeless-students-in-2022-23-school-year/691619\">some of the highest concentrations of student homelessness\u003c/a>. “It was really designed to keep them from failing in school because we know that school is very important no matter what you do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To highlight the importance of education, Smith also hired two people to run after-school programs for children at homeless shelters in the region. Every day, for two and a half years, children at the shelters were taught music and art, played sports, and went on field trips on the weekends. However, with the money drying up, the programs were shut down on June 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith’s county office received about $423,000 in the first round of allocations and just under $29,000 in the second round. As with Kottke, she was also the head of her local consortium and distributed portions of that funding to other districts and charters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, Smith had to lay off seven part-time employees, and Kottke is laying off two this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther north, Meagan Meloy, Butte County’s liaison, began offering what she calls “the next tier of support for students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her two decades doing this work, Meloy has focused on ensuring that students experiencing homelessness were enrolled and could get a ride to school. “That always felt like a Band-Aid approach versus the more comprehensive case management,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with over $295,000 total in ARP-HCY funds, she was also able to support families with getting into housing, maintaining their housing, addressing their social-emotional needs, offering academic support, and distributing basic aid needs like food and clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just puts more restrictions on prioritizing which students and families we’re going to serve first,” Meloy said, referring to the end of ARP-HCY funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the uses of the federal funds was the increase in identification efforts. A significant dip in student homelessness followed school closures at the height of the pandemic, which experts agree occurred because the identification of students experiencing homelessness relies on school staff being able to see and interact with children. That became much more difficult, at times impossible, via video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If liaisons do not notice signs of potential homelessness, it is then up to the student and their families to self-identify. But, according to interviews with liaisons statewide, few children and families self-identify as homeless; they might feel ashamed, be fearful of their children being taken away from them, or might not consider themselves as being homeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such challenges make identification of homelessness among students a key part of every homeless liaison’s job. Some schools, such as \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2023/amid-pockets-of-rising-student-homelessness-california-districts-tap-covid-funding-to-help-families/691737\">Santa Rita Union Elementary in \u003c/a>Monterey County, used their ARP-HCY money to hire staff who focused primarily on calling and visiting families they believed might be homeless. It’s a job that liaisons say requires significant investment in time, money and effort, as trust needs to be built with families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll see even a bigger bump (in homelessness rates) for ’23–’24 because that’s when ARP was fully out, but if it goes down next year, it’s not going to be because ‘Oh, we’re solving homelessness,’” Duffield said. “It’s because there are fewer people knocking on doors and following up and asking questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/looming-end-of-historic-student-homelessness-funding-has-arrived/719222\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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