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"content": "\u003cp>Artificial intelligence is everywhere these days, including in the criminal justice system. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.partnershiponai.org/report-on-machine-learning-in-risk-assessment-tools-in-the-u-s-criminal-justice-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> out Friday joins a \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chorus\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://witnessla.com/op-ed-predictive-algorithms-in-the-justice-system-must-have-aggressive-oversight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/11/if-pre-trial-risk-assessment-tool-does-not-satisfy-these-criteria-it-needs-stay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voices\u003c/a> warning that the software isn’t ready for the task. \u003ci>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to understand as you’re deploying these tools that they’re extremely approximate, extremely inaccurate,” said Peter Eckersley, research director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.partnershiponai.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Partnership on A.I.\u003c/a>, a consortium of Silicon Valley heavyweights and civil liberties groups that helped published the report. “And that if you think of them as ‘Minority Report,’ you’ve gotten it entirely wrong,” he added, referencing the Steven Spielberg science fiction blockbuster from 2002 that’s become a kind of shorthand for all allusions to predictive policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG7DGMgfOb8]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study — “Algorithmic Risk Assessment Tools in the U.S. Criminal Justice System” — scrutinizes how A.I. is increasingly being used throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algorithmic software crunches data about an individual along with statistics about groups that person belongs to. What level of education did this individual attain? How many criminal offenses did this individual commit before the age of 18? What is the likelihood of, say, skipping bail for individuals who never finished high school and committed two crimes before the age of 18?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can seem like the software bypasses human errors in assessing that risk. But the report homes in on the issue of machine learning bias: When humans feed biased or inaccurate information into software programs, making those systems biased as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example (not mentioned in the report): The \u003ca href=\"https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/findings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford Open Policing Project\u003c/a> recently reported that law enforcement officers nationwide tend to stop African-American drivers at higher rates than white drivers and to search, ticket and arrest African-American and Latino drivers during traffic stops more often than whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any evaluation software that incorporates a data set like this on traffic stops could then potentially deliver racially biased recommendations, the Stanford researchers note, even if the software doesn’t include racial data \u003cem>per se\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Standards need to be set for these tools,” Eckersley said. “And if you were to ever try to use them to decide to detain someone, the tools would need to meet those standards. And, unfortunately, none of the tools presently do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 49 of 58 counties in California use some kind of algorithmic risk assessment tool for bail, sentencing and/or probation. And a new bill in the state Legislature would require all counties to use it for bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11689184,news_11693624,news_11728806\" label=\"What is the Bail Reform Law?\"]Senate Bill 10 offers no guidance for how counties should calculate risk levels or protect against unintentional discriminatory outcomes. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/policyadmin-jc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judicial Council\u003c/a>, the policymaking body of the California courts, would approve tools if and when the law goes into effect, but would stop short of assessing results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of risk assessment tools, most of which are not using artificial intelligence but instead, paper, pencil and a professional human’s judgement. Mary Butler, Napa County’s chief probation officer, said her agency uses three risk assessment tools, with the intend of providing recommendations to a presiding judge, but she said they also determine how best to help the individual in question succeed at establishing a life outside of prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needs part is as important as the risk part, because it helps to change their behavior,” she said. “I can’t change, for example, the age when someone was first arrested, but if that’s the only thing I consider, then yeah, I could be biased a result. But when I tie that into everything else going on in that person’s life, and their areas of need, it’s a really good tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that assessments made by her agency are shared with everybody involved. “We give the offender the results,” she said. “We give that information to the court. The attorneys have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small number of California law enforcement agencies are also using artificial intelligence. Two of the more popular products are \u003ca href=\"https://www.equivant.com/compas-classification/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS)\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.psapretrial.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Safety Assessment (PSA)\u003c/a>. COMPAS has been used by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\u003c/a>. PSA is in use in San Francisco, Santa Cruz and Tulare Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11619469\"]But some of these programs, like COMPAS, are proprietary products, which means their owners don’t share the source code in order to protect their intellectual property. In doing so, they prevent defendants from challenging the integrity of the models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That also blocks independent researchers from being able to study and identify flaws in the programs, and prevents lawmakers from knowing what kind of improvements they should push for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the Partnership on A.I., the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/11/if-pre-trial-risk-assessment-tool-does-not-satisfy-these-criteria-it-needs-stay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a> has publicly expressed doubts about the rollout of the new bail law, SB 10, for this very reason. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/11/if-pre-trial-risk-assessment-tool-does-not-satisfy-these-criteria-it-needs-stay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In an opinion piece on its website\u003c/a>, the EFF argued, “The public must have access to the source code and the materials used to develop these tools, and the results of regular independent audits of the system, to ensure tools are not unfairly detaining innocent people or disproportionately affecting specific classes of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different bill that cleared the state Senate this week, however, could set a lot of minds at ease. SB 36 would \u003ca href=\"https://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/4252019-hertzberg-bill-regulate-pretrial-risk-assessment-tools-clears-senate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">establish guidelines\u003c/a> regarding the use of risk assessment tools, including data collection, transparency requirements and regular review and validation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, as it’s written now, would prevent any risk assessment software tools that block access to their source code. That bill heads to the state Assembly next.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Artificial intelligence is everywhere these days, including in the criminal justice system. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.partnershiponai.org/report-on-machine-learning-in-risk-assessment-tools-in-the-u-s-criminal-justice-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> out Friday joins a \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/machine-bias-risk-assessments-in-criminal-sentencing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chorus\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://witnessla.com/op-ed-predictive-algorithms-in-the-justice-system-must-have-aggressive-oversight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">of\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/11/if-pre-trial-risk-assessment-tool-does-not-satisfy-these-criteria-it-needs-stay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">voices\u003c/a> warning that the software isn’t ready for the task. \u003ci>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need to understand as you’re deploying these tools that they’re extremely approximate, extremely inaccurate,” said Peter Eckersley, research director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.partnershiponai.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Partnership on A.I.\u003c/a>, a consortium of Silicon Valley heavyweights and civil liberties groups that helped published the report. “And that if you think of them as ‘Minority Report,’ you’ve gotten it entirely wrong,” he added, referencing the Steven Spielberg science fiction blockbuster from 2002 that’s become a kind of shorthand for all allusions to predictive policing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lG7DGMgfOb8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lG7DGMgfOb8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study — “Algorithmic Risk Assessment Tools in the U.S. Criminal Justice System” — scrutinizes how A.I. is increasingly being used throughout the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algorithmic software crunches data about an individual along with statistics about groups that person belongs to. What level of education did this individual attain? How many criminal offenses did this individual commit before the age of 18? What is the likelihood of, say, skipping bail for individuals who never finished high school and committed two crimes before the age of 18?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can seem like the software bypasses human errors in assessing that risk. But the report homes in on the issue of machine learning bias: When humans feed biased or inaccurate information into software programs, making those systems biased as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example (not mentioned in the report): The \u003ca href=\"https://openpolicing.stanford.edu/findings/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford Open Policing Project\u003c/a> recently reported that law enforcement officers nationwide tend to stop African-American drivers at higher rates than white drivers and to search, ticket and arrest African-American and Latino drivers during traffic stops more often than whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any evaluation software that incorporates a data set like this on traffic stops could then potentially deliver racially biased recommendations, the Stanford researchers note, even if the software doesn’t include racial data \u003cem>per se\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Standards need to be set for these tools,” Eckersley said. “And if you were to ever try to use them to decide to detain someone, the tools would need to meet those standards. And, unfortunately, none of the tools presently do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, 49 of 58 counties in California use some kind of algorithmic risk assessment tool for bail, sentencing and/or probation. And a new bill in the state Legislature would require all counties to use it for bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Senate Bill 10 offers no guidance for how counties should calculate risk levels or protect against unintentional discriminatory outcomes. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/policyadmin-jc.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judicial Council\u003c/a>, the policymaking body of the California courts, would approve tools if and when the law goes into effect, but would stop short of assessing results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of risk assessment tools, most of which are not using artificial intelligence but instead, paper, pencil and a professional human’s judgement. Mary Butler, Napa County’s chief probation officer, said her agency uses three risk assessment tools, with the intend of providing recommendations to a presiding judge, but she said they also determine how best to help the individual in question succeed at establishing a life outside of prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needs part is as important as the risk part, because it helps to change their behavior,” she said. “I can’t change, for example, the age when someone was first arrested, but if that’s the only thing I consider, then yeah, I could be biased a result. But when I tie that into everything else going on in that person’s life, and their areas of need, it’s a really good tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that assessments made by her agency are shared with everybody involved. “We give the offender the results,” she said. “We give that information to the court. The attorneys have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small number of California law enforcement agencies are also using artificial intelligence. Two of the more popular products are \u003ca href=\"https://www.equivant.com/compas-classification/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions (COMPAS)\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.psapretrial.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Safety Assessment (PSA)\u003c/a>. COMPAS has been used by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\u003c/a>. PSA is in use in San Francisco, Santa Cruz and Tulare Counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But some of these programs, like COMPAS, are proprietary products, which means their owners don’t share the source code in order to protect their intellectual property. In doing so, they prevent defendants from challenging the integrity of the models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That also blocks independent researchers from being able to study and identify flaws in the programs, and prevents lawmakers from knowing what kind of improvements they should push for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the Partnership on A.I., the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/11/if-pre-trial-risk-assessment-tool-does-not-satisfy-these-criteria-it-needs-stay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Electronic Frontier Foundation\u003c/a> has publicly expressed doubts about the rollout of the new bail law, SB 10, for this very reason. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/11/if-pre-trial-risk-assessment-tool-does-not-satisfy-these-criteria-it-needs-stay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In an opinion piece on its website\u003c/a>, the EFF argued, “The public must have access to the source code and the materials used to develop these tools, and the results of regular independent audits of the system, to ensure tools are not unfairly detaining innocent people or disproportionately affecting specific classes of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different bill that cleared the state Senate this week, however, could set a lot of minds at ease. SB 36 would \u003ca href=\"https://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/4252019-hertzberg-bill-regulate-pretrial-risk-assessment-tools-clears-senate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">establish guidelines\u003c/a> regarding the use of risk assessment tools, including data collection, transparency requirements and regular review and validation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, as it’s written now, would prevent any risk assessment software tools that block access to their source code. That bill heads to the state Assembly next.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Who’s responsible when a driverless car runs over a pedestrian? Or a social media platform steers housing ads away from African Americans? These real-world outcomes driven by artificial intelligence are cropping up before politicians and regulators can get up to speed. At least, here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='technology, AI' label='The Future of Tech']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission isn’t rolling out any laws governing artificial intelligence right away, but it looks likely it will eventually. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As is the case with all technologies, AI raises a number of concerns that need to be tackled. If we are not vigilant, the use of AI may lead to undesirable outcomes — intended or not,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/pekka-ala-pietila\">Pekka Ala-Pietilä\u003c/a>, the chair of the EU’s High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/blogposts/towards-trustworthy-ai-ethics-competitiveness-go-hand-hand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> on the European Commission website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group collected ideas from 50-plus experts and \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/draft-ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a report\u003c/a> last December. This week, after receiving more than 500 comments in response, the group issued \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ethics guidelines\u003c/a> for trustworthy artificial intelligence. Here are the “key requirements” for assessing AI:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Human agency and oversight:\u003c/strong> AI systems should enable equitable societies by supporting human agency and fundamental rights, and not decrease, limit or misguide human autonomy.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Robustness and safety:\u003c/strong> Trustworthy AI requires algorithms to be secure, reliable and robust enough to deal with errors or inconsistencies during all life cycle phases of AI systems.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Privacy and data governance:\u003c/strong> Citizens should have full control over their own data, while data concerning them will not be used to harm or discriminate against them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Transparency:\u003c/strong> The traceability of AI systems should be ensured.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness:\u003c/strong> AI systems should consider the whole range of human abilities, skills and requirements, and ensure accessibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Societal and environmental well-being:\u003c/strong> AI systems should be used to enhance positive social change and enhance sustainability and ecological responsibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Accountability:\u003c/strong> Mechanisms should be put in place to ensure responsibility and accountability for AI systems and their outcomes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“One thing that jumped out at me was the sixth principle, which is societal and environmental well-being,” said assistant professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.danielsusser.info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Susser\u003c/a>, who specializes in technology and ethics at Penn State. He’s excited that Europeans are starting to ask the tough questions about what we want companies like Google and Amazon to be responsible for as they dream up potential futures for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulating, especially regulating technology, is generally thought of as an attempt to articulate what companies should not do,” Susser said. “We also want to articulate a positive notion of what sort of world we want technology to be helping us build — and I think that will need to [hashed] out more specifically, but I’m happy to see it in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next steps include a \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-1893_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pilot program\u003c/a> to develop draft rules to roll out this summer. Whether the Europeans inspire U.S. politicians and regulators to follow suit is unclear. Americans have been singularly slow to consider a wide range of regulation issues around technology. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has repeatedly apologized to federal lawmakers for various failings of the social media giant, but there are no laws to force change from his company and others in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, one 14-year-old committed suicide in Britain inspired by what she saw online, and UK regulators \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-tech-regulation/britain-plans-social-media-regulation-to-battle-harmful-content-idUSKCN1RJ0QP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed new laws\u003c/a> to slap penalties on social media companies and technology firms if they fail to protect users from harmful content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say American companies driving much of the world’s AI won’t be able to ignore what happens in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts also say no regulation is not an option we want to accept. Private industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738391/tech-giants-initiatives-to-address-ai-ethics-concerns-under-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has encountered blowback\u003c/a> over its attempts at self-regulation. As \u003ca href=\"https://mila.quebec/en/yoshua-bengio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yoshua Bengio\u003c/a>, a computer scientist and winner of the 2018 Turing Award for his work on deep learning, told the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00505-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Self-regulation is not going to work. Do you think that voluntary taxation works? It doesn’t. Companies that follow ethical guidelines would be disadvantaged with respect to the companies that do not. It’s like driving. Whether it’s on the left or the right side, everybody needs to drive in the same way; otherwise, we’re in trouble.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission isn’t rolling out any laws governing artificial intelligence right away, but it looks likely it will eventually. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As is the case with all technologies, AI raises a number of concerns that need to be tackled. If we are not vigilant, the use of AI may lead to undesirable outcomes — intended or not,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/pekka-ala-pietila\">Pekka Ala-Pietilä\u003c/a>, the chair of the EU’s High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/blogposts/towards-trustworthy-ai-ethics-competitiveness-go-hand-hand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> on the European Commission website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group collected ideas from 50-plus experts and \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/draft-ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a report\u003c/a> last December. This week, after receiving more than 500 comments in response, the group issued \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ethics guidelines\u003c/a> for trustworthy artificial intelligence. Here are the “key requirements” for assessing AI:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Human agency and oversight:\u003c/strong> AI systems should enable equitable societies by supporting human agency and fundamental rights, and not decrease, limit or misguide human autonomy.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Robustness and safety:\u003c/strong> Trustworthy AI requires algorithms to be secure, reliable and robust enough to deal with errors or inconsistencies during all life cycle phases of AI systems.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Privacy and data governance:\u003c/strong> Citizens should have full control over their own data, while data concerning them will not be used to harm or discriminate against them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Transparency:\u003c/strong> The traceability of AI systems should be ensured.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness:\u003c/strong> AI systems should consider the whole range of human abilities, skills and requirements, and ensure accessibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Societal and environmental well-being:\u003c/strong> AI systems should be used to enhance positive social change and enhance sustainability and ecological responsibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Accountability:\u003c/strong> Mechanisms should be put in place to ensure responsibility and accountability for AI systems and their outcomes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“One thing that jumped out at me was the sixth principle, which is societal and environmental well-being,” said assistant professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.danielsusser.info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Susser\u003c/a>, who specializes in technology and ethics at Penn State. He’s excited that Europeans are starting to ask the tough questions about what we want companies like Google and Amazon to be responsible for as they dream up potential futures for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulating, especially regulating technology, is generally thought of as an attempt to articulate what companies should not do,” Susser said. “We also want to articulate a positive notion of what sort of world we want technology to be helping us build — and I think that will need to [hashed] out more specifically, but I’m happy to see it in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next steps include a \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-1893_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pilot program\u003c/a> to develop draft rules to roll out this summer. Whether the Europeans inspire U.S. politicians and regulators to follow suit is unclear. Americans have been singularly slow to consider a wide range of regulation issues around technology. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has repeatedly apologized to federal lawmakers for various failings of the social media giant, but there are no laws to force change from his company and others in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, one 14-year-old committed suicide in Britain inspired by what she saw online, and UK regulators \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-tech-regulation/britain-plans-social-media-regulation-to-battle-harmful-content-idUSKCN1RJ0QP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed new laws\u003c/a> to slap penalties on social media companies and technology firms if they fail to protect users from harmful content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say American companies driving much of the world’s AI won’t be able to ignore what happens in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts also say no regulation is not an option we want to accept. Private industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738391/tech-giants-initiatives-to-address-ai-ethics-concerns-under-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has encountered blowback\u003c/a> over its attempts at self-regulation. As \u003ca href=\"https://mila.quebec/en/yoshua-bengio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yoshua Bengio\u003c/a>, a computer scientist and winner of the 2018 Turing Award for his work on deep learning, told the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00505-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Self-regulation is not going to work. Do you think that voluntary taxation works? It doesn’t. Companies that follow ethical guidelines would be disadvantaged with respect to the companies that do not. It’s like driving. Whether it’s on the left or the right side, everybody needs to drive in the same way; otherwise, we’re in trouble.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The biggest tech companies want you to know that they're taking special care to ensure that their use of artificial intelligence to sift through mountains of data, analyze faces or build virtual assistants doesn't spill over to the dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their efforts to assuage concerns that their machines may be used for nefarious ends have not been universally embraced. Some skeptics see it as mere window dressing by corporations more interested in profit than what's in society's best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ethical AI\" has become a new corporate buzz phrase, slapped on internal review committees, fancy job titles, research projects and philanthropic initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves are meant to address concerns over racial and gender bias emerging in facial recognition and other AI systems, as well as address anxieties about job losses to the technology and its use by law enforcement and the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how much substance lies behind the increasingly public ethics campaigns? And who gets to decide which technological pursuits do no harm?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with both questions when it formed a new board of outside advisers in late March to help guide how it uses AI in products. But instead of winning over potential critics, it sparked internal rancor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a week later, Google bowed to pressure from the backlash and dissolved the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside board fell apart in stages. One of the board's eight inaugural members quit within days and another quickly became the target of protests from Google employees who said her conservative views don't align with the company's professed values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of employees called for the removal of Heritage Foundation President Kay Coles James, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2019/04/04/google-cancels-its-ai-ethics-board-less-than-two-weeks-after-launch-in-the-wake-of-employee-protest/#1f0aeb396e28\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disbanded the board\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees said James has made past comments that were anti-trans and anti-immigrant and should not be on an ethics panel. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation='Ben Wagner, AI researcher'] \"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation.\" [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's become clear that in the current environment, (the council) can't function as we wanted,\" the company said in a statement. That environment is one of increasing concern that the corporate AI ethics campaigns lack teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think (Google's decision) reflects a broader public understanding that ethics involves more than just creating an ethics board without an institutional framework to provide for accountability,\" AI researcher Ben Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's original initiative fell into a tech industry trend that Wagner calls \"ethics-washing,\" which he describes as a superficial effort that's mostly a show for the public or lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation,\" said Wagner, an assistant professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. \"It's a new form of self-regulation without calling it that by name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big companies have made an increasingly visible effort to discuss their AI efforts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft, which often tries to position itself as an industry leader on ethics and privacy issues, published its principles around developing AI, released a short book that discussed the societal implications of the technology and has called for some government regulation of AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's president even met with Pope Francis earlier this year to discuss industry ethics. Amazon recently announced it is helping fund federal research into \"algorithmic fairness,\" and Salesforce employs an \"architect\" for ethical AI practice, as well as a \"chief ethical and human use\" officer. It's hard to find a brand-name tech firm without similar initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good thing that companies are studying the issue and seeking perspectives on industry ethics, said Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization.[aside tag='technology, AI' label='The Future of Tech']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, he said, a company's CEO is tasked with deciding what suggestions on AI ethics to incorporate in business decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall it's a positive step rather than a fig leaf,\" he said. \"That said, the proof is in successful implementation. I think the jury is still out on that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact artificial intelligence can have on society has never been more clear, Etzioni said, and companies are reacting to studies about the power of recommendation algorithms and gender bias in AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Google's attempt shows, discussing the issues in the public eye also invites public scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have had more success than other tech workers at demanding change at their company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet search behemoth dropped a contract with the Pentagon after employees pushed back on the ethical implications of using the company's AI technology to analyze drone video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after more than 2,400 Google employees signed a petition calling for James to be taken off the board, Google scrapped the board altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also faced dissent from its chosen councilmembers. Alessandro Acquisti, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099099124350976\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced on Twitter\u003c/a> he was declining the invitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099054551515138\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he is devoted to grappling fairness and inclusion in AI, but this was not the \"the right forum for me to engage in this important work.\" He declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert who had committed to staying on the council is Joanna Bryson, associate professor in computing at the University of Bath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described liberal, she said before the dissolution that it makes sense to have political diversity on the panel, and she didn't agree with those who think it's just for show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just don't think Google is that stupid,\" Bryson said. \"I don't think they're there just to have a poster on a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, however, that companies like Google and Microsoft do have a real concern about liability — meaning they want to make sure they show themselves, and the public, that they've tried their best to build products the right way before releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do,\" she said. Bryson said she was hopeful Google actually wanted to brainstorm hard problems and should find another way to do so after the council dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what Google will do next. The company said its \"going back to the drawing board\" and would find other ways of getting outside opinions.[pullquote align='left' citation='Joanna Bryson, University of Bath associate professor'] \"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do.\" [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner said now would be the time for Google to set up ethics principles that include commitments they must stick to, external oversight and other checkpoints to hold them accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if companies keep setting up external boards to oversee AI responsibility, government regulation will still be needed, said Liz O'Sullivan, a tech worker who left AI company Clarifai over the company's work in the Pentagon's Project Maven — the same project that Google dropped after its employees protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Sullivan is wary of boards that can make suggestions that companies are under no legal obligation to stick to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every company of that size that states they're interested in having some sort of oversight that has no ability or authority to restrict or restrain company behavior seems like they're doing it for the press of it all,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The biggest tech companies want you to know that they're taking special care to ensure that their use of artificial intelligence to sift through mountains of data, analyze faces or build virtual assistants doesn't spill over to the dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their efforts to assuage concerns that their machines may be used for nefarious ends have not been universally embraced. Some skeptics see it as mere window dressing by corporations more interested in profit than what's in society's best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ethical AI\" has become a new corporate buzz phrase, slapped on internal review committees, fancy job titles, research projects and philanthropic initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves are meant to address concerns over racial and gender bias emerging in facial recognition and other AI systems, as well as address anxieties about job losses to the technology and its use by law enforcement and the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how much substance lies behind the increasingly public ethics campaigns? And who gets to decide which technological pursuits do no harm?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with both questions when it formed a new board of outside advisers in late March to help guide how it uses AI in products. But instead of winning over potential critics, it sparked internal rancor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a week later, Google bowed to pressure from the backlash and dissolved the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside board fell apart in stages. One of the board's eight inaugural members quit within days and another quickly became the target of protests from Google employees who said her conservative views don't align with the company's professed values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of employees called for the removal of Heritage Foundation President Kay Coles James, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2019/04/04/google-cancels-its-ai-ethics-board-less-than-two-weeks-after-launch-in-the-wake-of-employee-protest/#1f0aeb396e28\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disbanded the board\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees said James has made past comments that were anti-trans and anti-immigrant and should not be on an ethics panel. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's become clear that in the current environment, (the council) can't function as we wanted,\" the company said in a statement. That environment is one of increasing concern that the corporate AI ethics campaigns lack teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think (Google's decision) reflects a broader public understanding that ethics involves more than just creating an ethics board without an institutional framework to provide for accountability,\" AI researcher Ben Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's original initiative fell into a tech industry trend that Wagner calls \"ethics-washing,\" which he describes as a superficial effort that's mostly a show for the public or lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation,\" said Wagner, an assistant professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. \"It's a new form of self-regulation without calling it that by name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big companies have made an increasingly visible effort to discuss their AI efforts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft, which often tries to position itself as an industry leader on ethics and privacy issues, published its principles around developing AI, released a short book that discussed the societal implications of the technology and has called for some government regulation of AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's president even met with Pope Francis earlier this year to discuss industry ethics. Amazon recently announced it is helping fund federal research into \"algorithmic fairness,\" and Salesforce employs an \"architect\" for ethical AI practice, as well as a \"chief ethical and human use\" officer. It's hard to find a brand-name tech firm without similar initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good thing that companies are studying the issue and seeking perspectives on industry ethics, said Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, he said, a company's CEO is tasked with deciding what suggestions on AI ethics to incorporate in business decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall it's a positive step rather than a fig leaf,\" he said. \"That said, the proof is in successful implementation. I think the jury is still out on that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact artificial intelligence can have on society has never been more clear, Etzioni said, and companies are reacting to studies about the power of recommendation algorithms and gender bias in AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Google's attempt shows, discussing the issues in the public eye also invites public scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have had more success than other tech workers at demanding change at their company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet search behemoth dropped a contract with the Pentagon after employees pushed back on the ethical implications of using the company's AI technology to analyze drone video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after more than 2,400 Google employees signed a petition calling for James to be taken off the board, Google scrapped the board altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also faced dissent from its chosen councilmembers. Alessandro Acquisti, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099099124350976\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced on Twitter\u003c/a> he was declining the invitation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he is devoted to grappling fairness and inclusion in AI, but this was not the \"the right forum for me to engage in this important work.\" He declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert who had committed to staying on the council is Joanna Bryson, associate professor in computing at the University of Bath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described liberal, she said before the dissolution that it makes sense to have political diversity on the panel, and she didn't agree with those who think it's just for show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just don't think Google is that stupid,\" Bryson said. \"I don't think they're there just to have a poster on a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, however, that companies like Google and Microsoft do have a real concern about liability — meaning they want to make sure they show themselves, and the public, that they've tried their best to build products the right way before releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do,\" she said. Bryson said she was hopeful Google actually wanted to brainstorm hard problems and should find another way to do so after the council dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what Google will do next. The company said its \"going back to the drawing board\" and would find other ways of getting outside opinions.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Germany has long been famous for its high quality engineering and manufacturing. But the future of both is all about software: automation and artificial intelligence. You want to be a player in that future? You’re going to have people working here, in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a splashy ad that aired recently during the Super Bowl, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbusa.com/en/vehicles/class/a-class/sedan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercedes-Benz\u003c/a> boasted about a new, Siri-like technology available in its entry level model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=”right” citation=\"Ben Boeser, Mercedes-Benz director of open innovation \"]‘It’s absolutely mandatory for automotives to be [in Silicon Valley] these days, because this is where everybody is, and where everybody innovates.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara-based \u003ca href=\"https://soundhound.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SoundHound\u003c/a> is the company behind the technology and \u003ca href=\"https://www.daimler.com/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daimler\u003c/a>, the parent company of Mercedes, has access to it because it invested in the start up \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/14/mercedes-benz-turns-to-soundhound-for-in-vehicle-voice-assistant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a textbook example of a big company buying something fresh from outside. It’s also the kind of partnership Mercedes-Benz Director of Open Innovation\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/benboeser/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Ben Boeser\u003c/a> puts together from the auto giant’s 300+ employee satellite in \u003ca href=\"https://www.daimler.com/career/about-us/locations/location-detail-page-5154.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sunnyvale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a big presence here for all of our AI and data topics, and they run like any other Silicon Valley company,” Boeser explained. In a similar fashion, there’s a relatively independent outpost for cloud computing in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world decided that the next revolution will start here, and everybody centered people here. There’s a lot of small companies that are setting up shop and bringing out new innovations. And in that sense, whatever we see here is maybe two or three years ahead of the curve. It’s absolutely mandatory for automotives to be here these days, because this is where everybody is, and where everybody innovates,” Boeser said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daimler has its own R&D people in Stuttgart, of course. But there are all kinds of reasons why that’s not good enough to ensure Daimler survives the next decade. To start with, there’s the UN’s \u003ca href=\"https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vienna Convention on Road Traffic\u003c/a>, which restricts what can be tested in Europe. You can drive crazy fast on the Autobahn. But when self-driving Mercedes taxis take test drives later this year on public streets, they’ll be toodling around \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Mercedes-robot-cabs-coming-to-San-Jose-next-year-13375215.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose\u003c/a>, not Stuttgart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11732209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11732209\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"German automakers have been working in California for decades, focused on everything from consumer design trends to software. But now that software is radically changing the nature of the auto industry, Silicon Valley has grown more mission-critical to the Stuttgart-based Daimler AG.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-800x504.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-1020x643.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-1200x756.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut.jpg 1870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">German automakers have been working in California for decades, focused on everything from consumer design trends to software. But now that software is radically changing the nature of the auto industry, Silicon Valley has grown more mission-critical to the Stuttgart-based Daimler AG. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Daimler AG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like Americans, Germans are also worried about how AI technology is regulated. But automakers can’t afford to wait on the side of the road while the public policy advances. China isn’t waiting. Silicon Valley isn’t waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a place for caution. But the best way to tame future abuses of our data is to be among the players as rule makers, not rule takers,” wrote former business and technology reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/authors/kluth-andreas-english/23622140.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andreas Kluth\u003c/a> in an OP/ED for the recently defunct digital news outlet \u003cem>Handlesbrott Today.\u003c/em> In the essay, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/opinion/data-slouches-why-germans-will-be-left-behind-in-artificial-intelligence/23583536.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Why Germans Will Be Left Behind in Artificial Intelligence, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>Kluth warns, “Germans are living in a comfortable present, oblivious to an uncertain future. Sure, it’s nice to have a Mittelstand that makes the world’s best ventilators, ball bearings, and screws. And next?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, recent reports show the Germany auto industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.euronews.com/2019/02/20/slack-demand-car-woes-cause-germanys-industry-share-to-slip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struggling\u003c/a>, and not just because of the recent scandals over \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2018/09/18/no-respite-for-german-automakers-as-dieselgates-third-anniversary-brings-fresh-cartel-probe/#14240bf27c9d\">c\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2018/09/18/no-respite-for-german-automakers-as-dieselgates-third-anniversary-brings-fresh-cartel-probe/#14240bf27c9d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ollusion involving air pollution\u003c/a> standards. Some say that’s simply the most recent sign of a backwards-facing hubris built on past achievements exporting high-value engineering goods.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeser explained, “If you are in the automotive industry and you’ve been there for decades, it’s hard to imagine that everything could be turned upside down. But even if you just look at the last 10 years and how quickly new competitors enter the market, you realize that it is easier than it ever was to build a car, easier than it ever was to reinvent certain aspects of the car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeser’s getting an assist from a corporate matchmaker of sorts called \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale. With 27 locations worldwide, Plug and Play maintains a huge, global rolodex of startups. Daimler’s recent deal with the London-based software startup \u003ca href=\"https://what3words.com/2018/01/daimler-announces-investment-what3words/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">what3words\u003c/a> is another example of this working partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f14iJ7_o1Rg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Operating Officer \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com/about/our-team/candace-widdoes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Candace Widdoes\u003c/a> says “legacy” companies — in Germany and Japan, especially — are willing to pay big money to get hooked up with young start-ups; but also learn how to work with those little guys, so as not to crush their creativity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this cultural element, where it’s kind of hard to bring change to a large corporation. This is true in every industry,” Widdoes said. “Long-established companies are realizing they have to drop the typical rules to keep up, to stay alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, when foreign companies spend time here, they quickly realize you don’t have to buy a new idea. You can also copy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Uber’s CEO announced he wanted the company to become the “Amazon of transportation,” your go-to resource for everything from scooters to flying taxis. This year, Daimler and BMW announced a $1 billion investment to do the \u003ca href=\"https://www.daimler.com/company/bmw-and-daimler.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same thing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our company has been working on autonomous since 20-something years. So it’s not that it’s a new topic for us. But thinking about it as a new business model, that is a learning curve for us,” Boeser said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Germany has long been famous for its high quality engineering and manufacturing. But the future of both is all about software: automation and artificial intelligence. You want to be a player in that future? You’re going to have people working here, in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a splashy ad that aired recently during the Super Bowl, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbusa.com/en/vehicles/class/a-class/sedan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercedes-Benz\u003c/a> boasted about a new, Siri-like technology available in its entry level model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara-based \u003ca href=\"https://soundhound.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SoundHound\u003c/a> is the company behind the technology and \u003ca href=\"https://www.daimler.com/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daimler\u003c/a>, the parent company of Mercedes, has access to it because it invested in the start up \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/14/mercedes-benz-turns-to-soundhound-for-in-vehicle-voice-assistant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a textbook example of a big company buying something fresh from outside. It’s also the kind of partnership Mercedes-Benz Director of Open Innovation\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/benboeser/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Ben Boeser\u003c/a> puts together from the auto giant’s 300+ employee satellite in \u003ca href=\"https://www.daimler.com/career/about-us/locations/location-detail-page-5154.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sunnyvale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a big presence here for all of our AI and data topics, and they run like any other Silicon Valley company,” Boeser explained. In a similar fashion, there’s a relatively independent outpost for cloud computing in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world decided that the next revolution will start here, and everybody centered people here. There’s a lot of small companies that are setting up shop and bringing out new innovations. And in that sense, whatever we see here is maybe two or three years ahead of the curve. It’s absolutely mandatory for automotives to be here these days, because this is where everybody is, and where everybody innovates,” Boeser said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daimler has its own R&D people in Stuttgart, of course. But there are all kinds of reasons why that’s not good enough to ensure Daimler survives the next decade. To start with, there’s the UN’s \u003ca href=\"https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-19&chapter=11&Temp=mtdsg3&clang=_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vienna Convention on Road Traffic\u003c/a>, which restricts what can be tested in Europe. You can drive crazy fast on the Autobahn. But when self-driving Mercedes taxis take test drives later this year on public streets, they’ll be toodling around \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Mercedes-robot-cabs-coming-to-San-Jose-next-year-13375215.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose\u003c/a>, not Stuttgart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11732209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11732209\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"German automakers have been working in California for decades, focused on everything from consumer design trends to software. But now that software is radically changing the nature of the auto industry, Silicon Valley has grown more mission-critical to the Stuttgart-based Daimler AG.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-800x504.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-1020x643.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut-1200x756.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/RS35754_Screen-Shot-2019-02-19-at-3.24.39-PM-qut.jpg 1870w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">German automakers have been working in California for decades, focused on everything from consumer design trends to software. But now that software is radically changing the nature of the auto industry, Silicon Valley has grown more mission-critical to the Stuttgart-based Daimler AG. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Daimler AG)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like Americans, Germans are also worried about how AI technology is regulated. But automakers can’t afford to wait on the side of the road while the public policy advances. China isn’t waiting. Silicon Valley isn’t waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a place for caution. But the best way to tame future abuses of our data is to be among the players as rule makers, not rule takers,” wrote former business and technology reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/authors/kluth-andreas-english/23622140.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andreas Kluth\u003c/a> in an OP/ED for the recently defunct digital news outlet \u003cem>Handlesbrott Today.\u003c/em> In the essay, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.handelsblatt.com/today/opinion/data-slouches-why-germans-will-be-left-behind-in-artificial-intelligence/23583536.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Why Germans Will Be Left Behind in Artificial Intelligence, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>Kluth warns, “Germans are living in a comfortable present, oblivious to an uncertain future. Sure, it’s nice to have a Mittelstand that makes the world’s best ventilators, ball bearings, and screws. And next?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure enough, recent reports show the Germany auto industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.euronews.com/2019/02/20/slack-demand-car-woes-cause-germanys-industry-share-to-slip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struggling\u003c/a>, and not just because of the recent scandals over \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2018/09/18/no-respite-for-german-automakers-as-dieselgates-third-anniversary-brings-fresh-cartel-probe/#14240bf27c9d\">c\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2018/09/18/no-respite-for-german-automakers-as-dieselgates-third-anniversary-brings-fresh-cartel-probe/#14240bf27c9d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ollusion involving air pollution\u003c/a> standards. Some say that’s simply the most recent sign of a backwards-facing hubris built on past achievements exporting high-value engineering goods.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeser explained, “If you are in the automotive industry and you’ve been there for decades, it’s hard to imagine that everything could be turned upside down. But even if you just look at the last 10 years and how quickly new competitors enter the market, you realize that it is easier than it ever was to build a car, easier than it ever was to reinvent certain aspects of the car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeser’s getting an assist from a corporate matchmaker of sorts called \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale. With 27 locations worldwide, Plug and Play maintains a huge, global rolodex of startups. Daimler’s recent deal with the London-based software startup \u003ca href=\"https://what3words.com/2018/01/daimler-announces-investment-what3words/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">what3words\u003c/a> is another example of this working partnership.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/f14iJ7_o1Rg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/f14iJ7_o1Rg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Chief Operating Officer \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com/about/our-team/candace-widdoes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Candace Widdoes\u003c/a> says “legacy” companies — in Germany and Japan, especially — are willing to pay big money to get hooked up with young start-ups; but also learn how to work with those little guys, so as not to crush their creativity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this cultural element, where it’s kind of hard to bring change to a large corporation. This is true in every industry,” Widdoes said. “Long-established companies are realizing they have to drop the typical rules to keep up, to stay alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, when foreign companies spend time here, they quickly realize you don’t have to buy a new idea. You can also copy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Uber’s CEO announced he wanted the company to become the “Amazon of transportation,” your go-to resource for everything from scooters to flying taxis. This year, Daimler and BMW announced a $1 billion investment to do the \u003ca href=\"https://www.daimler.com/company/bmw-and-daimler.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same thing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our company has been working on autonomous since 20-something years. So it’s not that it’s a new topic for us. But thinking about it as a new business model, that is a learning curve for us,” Boeser said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We spend a lot of time talking to Alexa and Siri. Imagine if such artificial personalities were put inside a cute, adorable robot. That's what Alexander Reben has done. The artist created what he saw as the perfect interview machine to see how much he could get people to reveal to the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben's experiments with human robot interactions began when he was working on his master's degree in robotics at MIT. He built a robot called \u003ca href=\"http://resenv.media.mit.edu/Boxie/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boxie\u003c/a>. It was made of cardboard, about the size of a microwave oven, and rolled around like a toy tank.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yz0kM6ZG84eg4i4rxTL7lsT0kMn9aLm9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you walked into the lab at MIT, Boxie would approach with its big, round black eyes wide open and ask you for help getting upstairs or going down the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben wanted to see how many people would help the robot. He wondered, could you build cheaper robots without legs that could get around with help from humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, one day, something happened that would change the course of Reben's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life.'\u003ccite>Judith Helfand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It started with a man walking into the lab and Boxie rolling up to greet him. \"I saw him from a distance, laying on the carpet in the middle of the lab talking to this robot on the ground,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man began to share his troubles with Boxie. He had never been to Boston before and he'd come to take part in the marathon. The man \"just started talking to this thing like it was another person,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man told the robot that he was supposed to go to Munich, but his flight was canceled because of a volcanic eruption in Iceland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversation was a revelation for Reben. He realized that the characteristics that made people want to help Boxie also seduced them into talking with the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, it was cute and seemed vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben teamed up with another artist and filmmaker, Brent Hoff, to see whether they could design a robot that would make people want to open up. They carved a smile into its face. \"It's the perfect smile. It's kind of a Mona Lisa smile,\" Hoff says. \"It's open and engaging to make sure [it] was as nonjudgmental and nonthreatening as possible.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"2iIvqmnB8RUBK8Dpjga3ECr8rh8Wtlbk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They gave it the sweet voice of Hoff's 8-year-old son. And they taped him asking carefully chosen questions. \"There was some consideration of what are the deepest, most important questions we have as people,\" Hoff says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It asked things like, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" or \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it had a camera and a recorder inside it to catch the answers. They called the new robot \u003ca href=\"http://areben.com/project/blabdroid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BlabDroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea,\" says Hoff, \"is that there is not as much judgment in a robot asking you a question as a journalist\" would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoff says he doesn't know for sure whether that's true, but he wanted to find out. And so did I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We set up a loose experiment. I would ask people the same questions as BlabDroid and — like the robot — there wouldn't be any follow-up questions. We tried the experiment a few times: once at an art opening and once at the Exploratorium, a science museum in San Francisco; we also listened to responses BlabDroid had collected at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can click on the audio below to listen to the two examples. Try to guess whether the person was talking to me or the robot before you read further.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588054239\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588055297\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nThe first one is Nate Mazur, who was asked, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" He replies, \"My wife.\" Mazur opens up about the wonders of their relationship. He says he loves her most because of his \"ability to be with her, to be present with her. To respond and interact. ... She makes this a better world,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second example was Judith Helfand. She was asked, \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\" She broke into tears as she spoke about her dying mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would give my mother the gift of not worrying about me before she dies,\" Helfand says. \"She wants me to lose a ton of weight and get really, really healthy. And she needs to see that before she dies ... and I wish I could give her that and I'm not positive I can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the answers are sincere and from the heart. Mazur spoke to me and Helfand was talking to BlabDroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helfand found something satisfying about talking to the machine. \"The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been over two years since her mother died. Helfand lost the weight, but she is struggling with her career. She thinks the robot would be helpful. \"Mediation really isn't really working for me,\" Helfand says. \"I can't seem to find the courage to sit and write down what my future plans are so that I can make them really happen.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"0QqjSUSqTOgQ0iX4yALrApbCEjnw9Xay\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/18/163098594/in-constant-digital-contact-we-feel-alone-together\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sherry Turkle\u003c/a>, a professor of science and technology at MIT, to listen to the responses. She couldn't tell whether people were talking to BlabDroid or me. Turkle has been studying human-machine relationships for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it really doesn't take much to get humans to open up to a robot. \"We are kind of cheap dates,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlabDroid — with its sweet voice, Mona Lisa smile and probing questions — is \"pushing in us a kind of Darwinian button,\" Turkle says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says robots don't even have to be cute. In her research she found a child who vented to Apple's Siri on an iPhone. Turkle says the child would vent on the phone about her anger toward her sister and her parents \"because, in person, she tries to always play the good daughter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkle says over time, the child wasn't happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was almost a feeling of abandonment,\" Turkle says. \"There's no place they can go after they get the confession.\" She says robots can't offer certain very human things — like care, conversation and empathy. \"And the robot cannot do that because the robot has not had a life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science-fiction author William Gibson once said, \"The future is already here; it's just not very evenly distributed yet.\" In Japan, robots are being used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/business/21731677-around-5000-nursing-care-homes-across-country-are-testing-robots-japan-embracing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">care for the elderly\u003c/a>. Men are having relationships with virtual women who exist only in a portable video game — even taking them out on dates. An American company has created \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-vegas-tipsy-robot-bar-20170704-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robot bartenders\u003c/a>. In the future, perhaps they will listen to our problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben knows there is a downside to social robots. But he also sees a place for them in the future. He thinks a cute robot might do a better job of getting people to answer survey questions or talk about embarrassing symptoms before seeing a doctor. Reben says \"people tend to be more honest because they don't feel embarrassed telling that to something that's not human.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an artist, what Reben hopes to accomplish with BlabDroid is to force us to think about the implications of bringing more robots into our society knowing full well that they are coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+We+Feel+More+Comfortable+Talking+To+A+Robot&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We spend a lot of time talking to Alexa and Siri. Imagine if such artificial personalities were put inside a cute, adorable robot. That's what Alexander Reben has done. The artist created what he saw as the perfect interview machine to see how much he could get people to reveal to the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben's experiments with human robot interactions began when he was working on his master's degree in robotics at MIT. He built a robot called \u003ca href=\"http://resenv.media.mit.edu/Boxie/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boxie\u003c/a>. It was made of cardboard, about the size of a microwave oven, and rolled around like a toy tank.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you walked into the lab at MIT, Boxie would approach with its big, round black eyes wide open and ask you for help getting upstairs or going down the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben wanted to see how many people would help the robot. He wondered, could you build cheaper robots without legs that could get around with help from humans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, one day, something happened that would change the course of Reben's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life.'\u003ccite>Judith Helfand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It started with a man walking into the lab and Boxie rolling up to greet him. \"I saw him from a distance, laying on the carpet in the middle of the lab talking to this robot on the ground,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man began to share his troubles with Boxie. He had never been to Boston before and he'd come to take part in the marathon. The man \"just started talking to this thing like it was another person,\" Reben says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man told the robot that he was supposed to go to Munich, but his flight was canceled because of a volcanic eruption in Iceland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conversation was a revelation for Reben. He realized that the characteristics that made people want to help Boxie also seduced them into talking with the robot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, it was cute and seemed vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben teamed up with another artist and filmmaker, Brent Hoff, to see whether they could design a robot that would make people want to open up. They carved a smile into its face. \"It's the perfect smile. It's kind of a Mona Lisa smile,\" Hoff says. \"It's open and engaging to make sure [it] was as nonjudgmental and nonthreatening as possible.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They gave it the sweet voice of Hoff's 8-year-old son. And they taped him asking carefully chosen questions. \"There was some consideration of what are the deepest, most important questions we have as people,\" Hoff says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It asked things like, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" or \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it had a camera and a recorder inside it to catch the answers. They called the new robot \u003ca href=\"http://areben.com/project/blabdroid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BlabDroid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea,\" says Hoff, \"is that there is not as much judgment in a robot asking you a question as a journalist\" would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoff says he doesn't know for sure whether that's true, but he wanted to find out. And so did I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We set up a loose experiment. I would ask people the same questions as BlabDroid and — like the robot — there wouldn't be any follow-up questions. We tried the experiment a few times: once at an art opening and once at the Exploratorium, a science museum in San Francisco; we also listened to responses BlabDroid had collected at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can click on the audio below to listen to the two examples. Try to guess whether the person was talking to me or the robot before you read further.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588054239\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682556/588055297\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nThe first one is Nate Mazur, who was asked, \"Who do you love most in the world?\" He replies, \"My wife.\" Mazur opens up about the wonders of their relationship. He says he loves her most because of his \"ability to be with her, to be present with her. To respond and interact. ... She makes this a better world,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second example was Judith Helfand. She was asked, \"If you could give someone any gift, what would it be?\" She broke into tears as she spoke about her dying mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would give my mother the gift of not worrying about me before she dies,\" Helfand says. \"She wants me to lose a ton of weight and get really, really healthy. And she needs to see that before she dies ... and I wish I could give her that and I'm not positive I can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the answers are sincere and from the heart. Mazur spoke to me and Helfand was talking to BlabDroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helfand found something satisfying about talking to the machine. \"The robot was just a means to get closer to myself at a really critical moment in my life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's been over two years since her mother died. Helfand lost the weight, but she is struggling with her career. She thinks the robot would be helpful. \"Mediation really isn't really working for me,\" Helfand says. \"I can't seem to find the courage to sit and write down what my future plans are so that I can make them really happen.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/10/18/163098594/in-constant-digital-contact-we-feel-alone-together\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sherry Turkle\u003c/a>, a professor of science and technology at MIT, to listen to the responses. She couldn't tell whether people were talking to BlabDroid or me. Turkle has been studying human-machine relationships for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it really doesn't take much to get humans to open up to a robot. \"We are kind of cheap dates,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BlabDroid — with its sweet voice, Mona Lisa smile and probing questions — is \"pushing in us a kind of Darwinian button,\" Turkle says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says robots don't even have to be cute. In her research she found a child who vented to Apple's Siri on an iPhone. Turkle says the child would vent on the phone about her anger toward her sister and her parents \"because, in person, she tries to always play the good daughter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkle says over time, the child wasn't happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was almost a feeling of abandonment,\" Turkle says. \"There's no place they can go after they get the confession.\" She says robots can't offer certain very human things — like care, conversation and empathy. \"And the robot cannot do that because the robot has not had a life,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science-fiction author William Gibson once said, \"The future is already here; it's just not very evenly distributed yet.\" In Japan, robots are being used to \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/business/21731677-around-5000-nursing-care-homes-across-country-are-testing-robots-japan-embracing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">care for the elderly\u003c/a>. Men are having relationships with virtual women who exist only in a portable video game — even taking them out on dates. An American company has created \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-vegas-tipsy-robot-bar-20170704-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">robot bartenders\u003c/a>. In the future, perhaps they will listen to our problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reben knows there is a downside to social robots. But he also sees a place for them in the future. He thinks a cute robot might do a better job of getting people to answer survey questions or talk about embarrassing symptoms before seeing a doctor. Reben says \"people tend to be more honest because they don't feel embarrassed telling that to something that's not human.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
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