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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Last week, Bay Curious examined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11765697/how-to-find-new-friends\">how to find potential friends\u003c/a>, this week we look at how to become closer friends with someone. To hear this weeks episode click the play button at the top of the page.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you’re trying to become better friends with someone, but before we get to tips let’s look at what “better” really means.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Philosopher’s Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of us tend to group friends into a few different categories — casual friends, friends and close friends. Aristotle had his own groupings: utility, pleasure, and “the good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of utility\u003c/strong> are those whose friendships make life easier, like coworkers, classmates or the barista who occasionally gives you free coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of pleasure\u003c/strong> are the friends who you have fun with, whose company you enjoy or share your hobbies. This could include people you like to go running with, to dance with, or who are in your bookclub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of “the good”\u003c/strong> are unsurprisingly Aristotle’s favorite. These are friends who have great virtues — whose values you share and admire. This might be a friend who cares for people in an admirable way or who pursues justice in a way you appreciate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these groupings are not exclusive to one another. Friends can fit into one, both or all three of these categories. But to Aristotle, if you want a\u003cem> close\u003c/em> friendship, you’re going to have to look at your values and befriend people whose virtues you admire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those of us who group people by casual friends, friends and close friends, we’ve put together a few tips on how to level up your friendships.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #1: Put In The Time\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas says you’ll need to spend a lot of time with a friend to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes between 40 and 60 hours to be able to become a casual friend. Then roughly 80 to 100 hours to become a friend. And over 200 hours to become a close your best friend,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may be surprising that you can quantify friendship, Hall says those numbers signify more than just time, they signify priorities. “When you like someone, prioritize spending more time with them doing a variety of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall says the time you spend with your friend crush can’t just be passive. Sitting next to a person at work everyday does not solidify friendship. You need to do things together (walks in the park, cooking dinner, watching a movie) or you have to talk to them (having meaningful conversations, catching up or joking around).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is some evidence that men prefer friendships where they have something to do when they are together… like helping each other with a project or something,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #2: Context Shift\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>“You can develop closeness in friendships through asking people to spend time with you outside the place you met. So inviting people to spend time with you outside of work or school, if you met there,” says Hall, who’s working with a graduate student at the University of Kansas to publish a paper on the topic. “It also establishes that they’re not only someone you want to spend time with, but someone you might want to get to know in a different way, by being outside the context where you met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be scary to ask someone to context shift, but it might be less intimidating if you can invite your potential friend to an experience they might enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #3: Call Them Back\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>For all kinds of friendships to survive, they have to be reciprocal. Both people need to be making an effort, both people need to have similar levels of reciprocity to survive. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222425516_The_Dynamics_of_a_Mobile_Phone_Network\">study\u003c/a> found that returning someone’s call is the greatest predictor of a lasting relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #4: Flaws and All (Don’t Go Too Fast)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There are a handful of studies on how to become more likable. Two methods include confiding in others and showing your flaws. But Hall points out that if you use those as \u003cem>intentional\u003c/em> strategies it could come off as strange and socially awkward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the risks of saying some oddball fact about myself, or offering some way in which I’m flawed, might come off as needy or over-disclosing too early in the friendship,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall also adds that most people self-disclose, or share secrets, with people they already like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s feeling a sense of affinity for someone else … we tell them more about ourselves because we’ve established a sense of trust and responsiveness when someone is a great listener,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while you could try to endear someone to you by revealing flaws and telling secrets, feel it out and see if the moment and the person are right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To hear more about the how to deepen friendships and the potential role of government in reducing loneliness, listen to the episode by clicking the play button at the top of the page.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Last week, Bay Curious examined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11765697/how-to-find-new-friends\">how to find potential friends\u003c/a>, this week we look at how to become closer friends with someone. To hear this weeks episode click the play button at the top of the page.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you’re trying to become better friends with someone, but before we get to tips let’s look at what “better” really means.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Philosopher’s Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of us tend to group friends into a few different categories — casual friends, friends and close friends. Aristotle had his own groupings: utility, pleasure, and “the good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of utility\u003c/strong> are those whose friendships make life easier, like coworkers, classmates or the barista who occasionally gives you free coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of pleasure\u003c/strong> are the friends who you have fun with, whose company you enjoy or share your hobbies. This could include people you like to go running with, to dance with, or who are in your bookclub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of “the good”\u003c/strong> are unsurprisingly Aristotle’s favorite. These are friends who have great virtues — whose values you share and admire. This might be a friend who cares for people in an admirable way or who pursues justice in a way you appreciate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these groupings are not exclusive to one another. Friends can fit into one, both or all three of these categories. But to Aristotle, if you want a\u003cem> close\u003c/em> friendship, you’re going to have to look at your values and befriend people whose virtues you admire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those of us who group people by casual friends, friends and close friends, we’ve put together a few tips on how to level up your friendships.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #1: Put In The Time\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas says you’ll need to spend a lot of time with a friend to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes between 40 and 60 hours to be able to become a casual friend. Then roughly 80 to 100 hours to become a friend. And over 200 hours to become a close your best friend,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may be surprising that you can quantify friendship, Hall says those numbers signify more than just time, they signify priorities. “When you like someone, prioritize spending more time with them doing a variety of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall says the time you spend with your friend crush can’t just be passive. Sitting next to a person at work everyday does not solidify friendship. You need to do things together (walks in the park, cooking dinner, watching a movie) or you have to talk to them (having meaningful conversations, catching up or joking around).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is some evidence that men prefer friendships where they have something to do when they are together… like helping each other with a project or something,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #2: Context Shift\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>“You can develop closeness in friendships through asking people to spend time with you outside the place you met. So inviting people to spend time with you outside of work or school, if you met there,” says Hall, who’s working with a graduate student at the University of Kansas to publish a paper on the topic. “It also establishes that they’re not only someone you want to spend time with, but someone you might want to get to know in a different way, by being outside the context where you met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be scary to ask someone to context shift, but it might be less intimidating if you can invite your potential friend to an experience they might enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #3: Call Them Back\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>For all kinds of friendships to survive, they have to be reciprocal. Both people need to be making an effort, both people need to have similar levels of reciprocity to survive. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222425516_The_Dynamics_of_a_Mobile_Phone_Network\">study\u003c/a> found that returning someone’s call is the greatest predictor of a lasting relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #4: Flaws and All (Don’t Go Too Fast)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There are a handful of studies on how to become more likable. Two methods include confiding in others and showing your flaws. But Hall points out that if you use those as \u003cem>intentional\u003c/em> strategies it could come off as strange and socially awkward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the risks of saying some oddball fact about myself, or offering some way in which I’m flawed, might come off as needy or over-disclosing too early in the friendship,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall also adds that most people self-disclose, or share secrets, with people they already like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s feeling a sense of affinity for someone else … we tell them more about ourselves because we’ve established a sense of trust and responsiveness when someone is a great listener,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while you could try to endear someone to you by revealing flaws and telling secrets, feel it out and see if the moment and the person are right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To hear more about the how to deepen friendships and the potential role of government in reducing loneliness, listen to the episode by clicking the play button at the top of the page.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There isn’t a clear path on how to make close friends. Some people find making friends even harder than dating. They say with romantic relationships there’s at least some semblance of steps: You ask a person out, you go out again, maybe you keep going on dates, maybe one person isn’t feeling it and the relationship ends, or perhaps both people are feeling it, you talk and then make your relationship “official”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Bay Curious received the question: “How do I make friends?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried reaching out to the question asker, but they never responded. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/report/loneliness-and-social-isolation-in-the-united-states-the-united-kingdom-and-japan-an-international-survey/\">surveys show many Americans often feel lonely,\u003c/a> and a lot of those lonely people also feel socially isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help our question asker, we’re going to start off with tips for finding potential friends, then next week we’ll talk about how to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click the audio player above to hear more examples, tips and studies on how to find friends.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Spend Time Socializing\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you want to find friends, it helps to prioritize socializing and to make time for it. People in their late teens and early 20s spend the most time per day socializing and communicating, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-leisure.htm\">2018 American Time Use Survey\u003c/a>, which may be correlated with young people having \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852646/\">the most friends\u003c/a> of any age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Propinquity\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Propinquity is essentially proximity or routine opportunities to get to know people. When socializing is convenient, it can speed up friendship formation. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a037506.pdf\">one study\u003c/a> looked at an apartment complex and found that people living on different floors are less likely to be friends, whereas people living near stairs or mailboxes are more likely to have friends on different floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If you want to lighten the legwork of finding a friend, you can always \u003ca href=\"http://www.levin.rutgers.edu/research/dormant-ties-paper.pdf\">reconnect with an old friend\u003c/a>. It builds on old trust while still providing the novelty of what you each have been up to lately.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Change Can Lead To New Friends\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you’re going through big life changes you’re often meeting new people and more open to befriending them. This could include starting at a new school, becoming a parent or switching careers. According to Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas, friends can be a huge part of identity formation. “Our friends help us become the people we want to be. We change in part because of their influence and partly because we’re trying to figure out who we are vis-a-vis them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Trust Your Gut\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you first meet someone, you often make decisions pretty quickly on whether that person could become a close friend. Some researchers say people often know by \u003ca href=\"https://clarkrelationshiplab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Differences%20in%20social%20exchange%20between%20intimate%20and%20other%20relationships_%20Gradually%20evolving%20or%20quickly%20apparent.pdf\">the second week\u003c/a>, while others find people recognize a potential friend \u003ca href=\"https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/sites/liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/files/psychology/research/ambady_bernieri_and_richeson_thin_slice_review.pdf\">immediately\u003c/a>. So similar to love at first sight, there can be friendship at first sight (though it isn’t always mutual).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Birds of a Feather\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>You’re more likely to be friends with people who are similar to you, and one study shows that friends even think alike. At \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02722-7\">Dartmouth, researchers\u003c/a> took brain scans of people while watching a series of short clips. They found people who had similar neural responses were more likely to be friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Don’t dismiss casual connections. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167214529799?journalCode=pspc\">Interacting with acquaintances\u003c/a> has a meaningful influence on well-being. This might be gossiping with your grocer, talking with another commuter on the bus or a person who also happens to work in your building. It can make you feel more connected to your world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Humor Matters\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Having a similar sense of humor is attractive in potential friends. Additionally, if people make you laugh,\u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1373\"> it makes you feel good\u003c/a> because it literally produces endorphins, which can help you to endure more pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do Things That Make You Happy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Do activities that make you happy in a social setting. Angie Thurston, who co-wrote “How We Gather,” which looks at how millennials form community, says working toward a shared mission larger than yourself is both fulfilling and effective in forming meaningful connections. “The experience of being of service to others can be the most profound and meaningful conduit to both the transformation of the human heart and also the experience of meaning and depth in community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There isn’t a clear path on how to make close friends. Some people find making friends even harder than dating. They say with romantic relationships there’s at least some semblance of steps: You ask a person out, you go out again, maybe you keep going on dates, maybe one person isn’t feeling it and the relationship ends, or perhaps both people are feeling it, you talk and then make your relationship “official”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Bay Curious received the question: “How do I make friends?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried reaching out to the question asker, but they never responded. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/report/loneliness-and-social-isolation-in-the-united-states-the-united-kingdom-and-japan-an-international-survey/\">surveys show many Americans often feel lonely,\u003c/a> and a lot of those lonely people also feel socially isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help our question asker, we’re going to start off with tips for finding potential friends, then next week we’ll talk about how to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click the audio player above to hear more examples, tips and studies on how to find friends.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Spend Time Socializing\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you want to find friends, it helps to prioritize socializing and to make time for it. People in their late teens and early 20s spend the most time per day socializing and communicating, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-leisure.htm\">2018 American Time Use Survey\u003c/a>, which may be correlated with young people having \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852646/\">the most friends\u003c/a> of any age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Propinquity\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Propinquity is essentially proximity or routine opportunities to get to know people. When socializing is convenient, it can speed up friendship formation. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a037506.pdf\">one study\u003c/a> looked at an apartment complex and found that people living on different floors are less likely to be friends, whereas people living near stairs or mailboxes are more likely to have friends on different floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If you want to lighten the legwork of finding a friend, you can always \u003ca href=\"http://www.levin.rutgers.edu/research/dormant-ties-paper.pdf\">reconnect with an old friend\u003c/a>. It builds on old trust while still providing the novelty of what you each have been up to lately.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Change Can Lead To New Friends\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you’re going through big life changes you’re often meeting new people and more open to befriending them. This could include starting at a new school, becoming a parent or switching careers. According to Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas, friends can be a huge part of identity formation. “Our friends help us become the people we want to be. We change in part because of their influence and partly because we’re trying to figure out who we are vis-a-vis them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Trust Your Gut\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you first meet someone, you often make decisions pretty quickly on whether that person could become a close friend. Some researchers say people often know by \u003ca href=\"https://clarkrelationshiplab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Differences%20in%20social%20exchange%20between%20intimate%20and%20other%20relationships_%20Gradually%20evolving%20or%20quickly%20apparent.pdf\">the second week\u003c/a>, while others find people recognize a potential friend \u003ca href=\"https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/sites/liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/files/psychology/research/ambady_bernieri_and_richeson_thin_slice_review.pdf\">immediately\u003c/a>. So similar to love at first sight, there can be friendship at first sight (though it isn’t always mutual).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Birds of a Feather\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>You’re more likely to be friends with people who are similar to you, and one study shows that friends even think alike. At \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02722-7\">Dartmouth, researchers\u003c/a> took brain scans of people while watching a series of short clips. They found people who had similar neural responses were more likely to be friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Don’t dismiss casual connections. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167214529799?journalCode=pspc\">Interacting with acquaintances\u003c/a> has a meaningful influence on well-being. This might be gossiping with your grocer, talking with another commuter on the bus or a person who also happens to work in your building. It can make you feel more connected to your world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Humor Matters\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Having a similar sense of humor is attractive in potential friends. Additionally, if people make you laugh,\u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1373\"> it makes you feel good\u003c/a> because it literally produces endorphins, which can help you to endure more pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do Things That Make You Happy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Do activities that make you happy in a social setting. Angie Thurston, who co-wrote “How We Gather,” which looks at how millennials form community, says working toward a shared mission larger than yourself is both fulfilling and effective in forming meaningful connections. “The experience of being of service to others can be the most profound and meaningful conduit to both the transformation of the human heart and also the experience of meaning and depth in community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rayan Rafay was prepared to be blown away by Bay Area seafood when he moved here in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After growing up on the East Coast, he had been amazed by the seafood he encountered when he moved to Vancouver, British Columbia.[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just this like magical wonderland of seafood,” he said. “Chefs just did things with seafood on the West Coast that I’d never even imagined in my lemon butter world of fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay said he saw this in Vancouver, Seattle and Portland, and he assumed he would find the same thing when he moved to the Bay Area. After all, it’s a place with a long tradition of fishing and home to many immigrant groups — Chinese, Japanese, Italians and others — for whom fish play a big part in culture and diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay even went out on local waters with a commercial fisherman and caught his own rock cod and halibut. But back on land, he wasn’t seeing those local catches showing up on many local menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t find any of the fish that I’m pretty sure are right outside in the ocean,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: With the Pacific Ocean right there, \u003cstrong>why isn’t local seafood a bigger deal in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Show Me the Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like many things in the Bay Area, the seeming dearth of a robust local seafood scene can be traced in part to the cost of doing business — and that, in turn, can be traced to the region’s high real estate costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How expensive it is to stay in business in the Bay Area means that all of us who are in business are trying to find ways to cut costs, and we are cutting costs in the ingredients that we are using,” said Kenny Belov, who runs Fish restaurant in Sausalito and TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11762128 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lourdes Mendoza guts rockfish at TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on May 31, 2019. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area restaurants have to deal with high rents and high salaries among other costs, and adding in the volatility and uncertainty that comes with buying local, wild-caught seafood can make things even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s much easier and more economical, according to Belov, for restaurants to serve Atlantic salmon raised in fish farms. These fish provide a consistent supply at a consistent price all year long, but some see farmed salmon as an inferior product and potentially harmful to the oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Local Seafood Resources\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The latest data from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife shows the \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=159550&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 100 species\u003c/a> of seafood that are caught in the Bay Area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rates seafood\u003c/a> based on its sustainability. It also offers a \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/our-app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mobile app\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/-/m/sfw/pdf/guides/mba-seafoodwatch-west-coast-guide.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">printable consumer guides\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Ferry Plaza Farmers Market at the Ferry Building in San Francisco has a list of \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/eat-seasonally/charts/seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 local seafood options\u003c/a> sold seasonally at its market.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/99587/bay-area-bites-guide-to-8-places-to-buy-fresh-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Bites Guide to 8 Great Places to Buy Fresh Fish\u003c/a> (KQED)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/recipes/article/The-seafood-calendar-What-s-in-season-locally-6403686.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The seafood calendar: What’s in season locally\u003c/a> (San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wholesale farmed salmon sells for around $8 per pound year-round, while wild-caught salmon is going for closer to $20 per pound this year, and isn’t guaranteed to be available every day even in season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belov doesn’t offer farmed salmon at Fish restaurant or TwoXSea, instead choosing to only buy and serve seafood that can be traced all the way back to the boat it was caught on and the person who reeled it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me that’s what makes food taste better. It’s not just food on a plate. It’s the story of the men and women who work so hard to get those ingredients,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he knows doing that raises his costs, and he says part of the reason more restaurants aren’t willing to take on those extra costs is because there’s not enough demand from consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like when it comes to seafood we just don’t want to pay a lot for it,” Belov said of Bay Area diners. “We’re still kind of in that fish-stick mentality of it’s cheap, it’s protein and it’s abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, consumers in places like China and Japan are more than willing to pay top dollar for many of the region’s top catches, including crab, spiny lobster and black cod.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Salmon for sale at Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locally caught chinook salmon for sale at the Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Where Are the Fish?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s not just about the demand; the supply of wild-caught Bay Area seafood has been in flux in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California fisheries, including chinook salmon, Dungeness crab and rockfish, have been curtailed or temporarily shut down in recent years due to population declines traced to overfishing, water diversions, habitat destruction and drought, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of fish that we can actually catch has gone way down,” said Mike Hudson, who has worked as a commercial fisherman in the Bay Area for decades, catching mostly salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson remembers years when the region’s chinook salmon season netted more than a million fish in just a few months. But the salmon fishery was completely shut down in 2008 and 2009, and it has been carefully managed ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson off-loads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson offloads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-salmon-season-nears-with-hopes-of-a-13772919.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant restrictions\u003c/a> placed on salmon season the past three years, resulting in fewer fish and prices jumping to around $30 to $35 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People used to come to our farmers markets and buy 2 pounds of salmon or 4 pounds of salmon for their family for the entire week,” Hudson said. “Now the same people come and they buy half a pound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to restore habitat, improve salmon hatchery practices and recent wet winters have fishermen like Hudson \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-fishermen-report-the-biggest-salmon-14028875.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feeling optimistic\u003c/a> about the upcoming and future salmon seasons, but the salmon population is still far from the million-fish seasons of Hudson’s early days, and a fillet still costs around $20 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Knowledge Is Power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But it’s not all about how much local, wild-caught seafood costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also just a lack of awareness,” said Jana Hennig, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.positivelygroundfish.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Positively Groundfish\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that promotes groundfish caught on the West Coast. “Most people just don’t know what is even a local species here in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the 90 or so species of groundfish that Hennig works with — which include Pacific cod, rockfish and sole — aren’t as expensive as better-known Dungeness crab or chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because many consumers aren’t as aware of the breadth of local options, Hennig said many Bay Area chefs are hesitant to feature them on their menu, even with the low cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If more people actually went to restaurants and said, ‘Hey, do you have any local seafood? And do you ever serve rockfish?’ They’d be far more inclined to actually put it on the menu,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rayan Rafay was prepared to be blown away by Bay Area seafood when he moved here in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After growing up on the East Coast, he had been amazed by the seafood he encountered when he moved to Vancouver, British Columbia.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just this like magical wonderland of seafood,” he said. “Chefs just did things with seafood on the West Coast that I’d never even imagined in my lemon butter world of fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay said he saw this in Vancouver, Seattle and Portland, and he assumed he would find the same thing when he moved to the Bay Area. After all, it’s a place with a long tradition of fishing and home to many immigrant groups — Chinese, Japanese, Italians and others — for whom fish play a big part in culture and diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay even went out on local waters with a commercial fisherman and caught his own rock cod and halibut. But back on land, he wasn’t seeing those local catches showing up on many local menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t find any of the fish that I’m pretty sure are right outside in the ocean,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: With the Pacific Ocean right there, \u003cstrong>why isn’t local seafood a bigger deal in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Show Me the Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like many things in the Bay Area, the seeming dearth of a robust local seafood scene can be traced in part to the cost of doing business — and that, in turn, can be traced to the region’s high real estate costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How expensive it is to stay in business in the Bay Area means that all of us who are in business are trying to find ways to cut costs, and we are cutting costs in the ingredients that we are using,” said Kenny Belov, who runs Fish restaurant in Sausalito and TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11762128 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lourdes Mendoza guts rockfish at TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on May 31, 2019. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area restaurants have to deal with high rents and high salaries among other costs, and adding in the volatility and uncertainty that comes with buying local, wild-caught seafood can make things even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s much easier and more economical, according to Belov, for restaurants to serve Atlantic salmon raised in fish farms. These fish provide a consistent supply at a consistent price all year long, but some see farmed salmon as an inferior product and potentially harmful to the oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Local Seafood Resources\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The latest data from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife shows the \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=159550&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 100 species\u003c/a> of seafood that are caught in the Bay Area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rates seafood\u003c/a> based on its sustainability. It also offers a \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/our-app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mobile app\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/-/m/sfw/pdf/guides/mba-seafoodwatch-west-coast-guide.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">printable consumer guides\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Ferry Plaza Farmers Market at the Ferry Building in San Francisco has a list of \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/eat-seasonally/charts/seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 local seafood options\u003c/a> sold seasonally at its market.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/99587/bay-area-bites-guide-to-8-places-to-buy-fresh-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Bites Guide to 8 Great Places to Buy Fresh Fish\u003c/a> (KQED)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/recipes/article/The-seafood-calendar-What-s-in-season-locally-6403686.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The seafood calendar: What’s in season locally\u003c/a> (San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wholesale farmed salmon sells for around $8 per pound year-round, while wild-caught salmon is going for closer to $20 per pound this year, and isn’t guaranteed to be available every day even in season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belov doesn’t offer farmed salmon at Fish restaurant or TwoXSea, instead choosing to only buy and serve seafood that can be traced all the way back to the boat it was caught on and the person who reeled it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me that’s what makes food taste better. It’s not just food on a plate. It’s the story of the men and women who work so hard to get those ingredients,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he knows doing that raises his costs, and he says part of the reason more restaurants aren’t willing to take on those extra costs is because there’s not enough demand from consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like when it comes to seafood we just don’t want to pay a lot for it,” Belov said of Bay Area diners. “We’re still kind of in that fish-stick mentality of it’s cheap, it’s protein and it’s abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, consumers in places like China and Japan are more than willing to pay top dollar for many of the region’s top catches, including crab, spiny lobster and black cod.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Salmon for sale at Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locally caught chinook salmon for sale at the Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Where Are the Fish?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s not just about the demand; the supply of wild-caught Bay Area seafood has been in flux in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California fisheries, including chinook salmon, Dungeness crab and rockfish, have been curtailed or temporarily shut down in recent years due to population declines traced to overfishing, water diversions, habitat destruction and drought, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of fish that we can actually catch has gone way down,” said Mike Hudson, who has worked as a commercial fisherman in the Bay Area for decades, catching mostly salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson remembers years when the region’s chinook salmon season netted more than a million fish in just a few months. But the salmon fishery was completely shut down in 2008 and 2009, and it has been carefully managed ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson off-loads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson offloads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-salmon-season-nears-with-hopes-of-a-13772919.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant restrictions\u003c/a> placed on salmon season the past three years, resulting in fewer fish and prices jumping to around $30 to $35 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People used to come to our farmers markets and buy 2 pounds of salmon or 4 pounds of salmon for their family for the entire week,” Hudson said. “Now the same people come and they buy half a pound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to restore habitat, improve salmon hatchery practices and recent wet winters have fishermen like Hudson \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-fishermen-report-the-biggest-salmon-14028875.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feeling optimistic\u003c/a> about the upcoming and future salmon seasons, but the salmon population is still far from the million-fish seasons of Hudson’s early days, and a fillet still costs around $20 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Knowledge Is Power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But it’s not all about how much local, wild-caught seafood costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also just a lack of awareness,” said Jana Hennig, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.positivelygroundfish.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Positively Groundfish\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that promotes groundfish caught on the West Coast. “Most people just don’t know what is even a local species here in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the 90 or so species of groundfish that Hennig works with — which include Pacific cod, rockfish and sole — aren’t as expensive as better-known Dungeness crab or chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because many consumers aren’t as aware of the breadth of local options, Hennig said many Bay Area chefs are hesitant to feature them on their menu, even with the low cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If more people actually went to restaurants and said, ‘Hey, do you have any local seafood? And do you ever serve rockfish?’ They’d be far more inclined to actually put it on the menu,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Yes, Your 'Tropical' Mai Tai Was Invented Here in Oakland",
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"content": "\u003cp>You’re sitting on the beach, sand between your toes, sunglasses on. What else could make this picture complete? How about a Mai Tai?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This rum cocktail makes many of us think of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always thought the Mai Tai came from Hawaii,” says Bay Curious listener Terese O’Malley from Oakland. “But then I noticed a few tiki bars in the Oakland area claiming the invention of the Mai Tai. I thought, ‘could this be real? Or is this a myth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked Bay Curious to get to the bottom of it. And so … we did!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full web version of this episode: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11755932/an-island-drink-with-california-roots-the-mai-tai-turns-75\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">An Island Drink With California Roots: The Mai Tai Turns 75\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is part of our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/golden-state-plate/\">Golden State Plate\u003c/a>, produced in collaboration with The California Report Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to catch our other episodes about the Bay Area’s cocktail creations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621844/the-true-history-of-irish-coffee-and-its-san-francisco-origins\">The True History of Irish Coffee and Its San Francisco Origins\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715542/who-invented-the-martini-a-bay-area-story-with-a-twist\">Who Invented the Martini? A Bay Area Story, With a Twist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11729394/this-pricey-san-francisco-cocktail-was-a-gold-rush-knockout\">This Pricey San Francisco Cocktail Was a Gold Rush Knockout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Reported by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sracho?lang=en\">Suzie Racho. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Robert Speight, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Victoria Mauleon, Ceil Mueller, Sasha Khokha, Ethan Lindsey, Pat Yollin and David Weir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious/\">Ask us a question\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/bay-curious\">sign up for our Bay Curious newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter \u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chttps://twitter.com/oallenprice%E2%80%9D\">@oallenprice.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You’re sitting on the beach, sand between your toes, sunglasses on. What else could make this picture complete? How about a Mai Tai?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This rum cocktail makes many of us think of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always thought the Mai Tai came from Hawaii,” says Bay Curious listener Terese O’Malley from Oakland. “But then I noticed a few tiki bars in the Oakland area claiming the invention of the Mai Tai. I thought, ‘could this be real? Or is this a myth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked Bay Curious to get to the bottom of it. And so … we did!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full web version of this episode: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11755932/an-island-drink-with-california-roots-the-mai-tai-turns-75\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">An Island Drink With California Roots: The Mai Tai Turns 75\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is part of our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/golden-state-plate/\">Golden State Plate\u003c/a>, produced in collaboration with The California Report Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to catch our other episodes about the Bay Area’s cocktail creations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621844/the-true-history-of-irish-coffee-and-its-san-francisco-origins\">The True History of Irish Coffee and Its San Francisco Origins\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715542/who-invented-the-martini-a-bay-area-story-with-a-twist\">Who Invented the Martini? A Bay Area Story, With a Twist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11729394/this-pricey-san-francisco-cocktail-was-a-gold-rush-knockout\">This Pricey San Francisco Cocktail Was a Gold Rush Knockout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Reported by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sracho?lang=en\">Suzie Racho. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Robert Speight, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Victoria Mauleon, Ceil Mueller, Sasha Khokha, Ethan Lindsey, Pat Yollin and David Weir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious/\">Ask us a question\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/bay-curious\">sign up for our Bay Curious newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter \u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chttps://twitter.com/oallenprice%E2%80%9D\">@oallenprice.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "No, Earthquake Weather Is Not a Real Thing",
"headTitle": "No, Earthquake Weather Is Not a Real Thing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and fast forward to 9:20.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave\u003c/a> in early June, a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kedana01/status/1138824822480285697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people\u003c/a> were calling it “earthquake weather” and felt a little more cautious moving around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]Hiro Sato of San Mateo has heard people in the Bay Area talk about earthquake weather. He asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, “Is there actually any correlation between weather and earthquakes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, no. There’s no such thing as earthquake weather. The idea goes all the way back to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/there-earthquake-weather?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aristotle in ancient Greece\u003c/a>, but it’s just not a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious asked KQED Science editor Craig Miller to unpack the meteorological myth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for clarity.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>BC: What is earthquake weather?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: I think it may depend on where you live. There are different notions of it around the world. In California, the notion of earthquake weather is typically warmer than usual and still. There’s a lack of wind. It’s almost kind of like this eerie calm before the storm feeling. If you look back at the \u003ca href=\"http://1989quake.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, for example, in October 1989, I recall the weather was kind of like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: Spooky. Is it true then?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: No. A couple of years ago a contributing geologist to KQED \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/26/what-shall-we-do-about-earthquake-weather/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a piece\u003c/a> on this, postulating that the stillness in a place that is usually pretty breezy can give one a sense that the earth is holding its breath. So it might cause us to hold our collective breaths, to wait and wonder what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no, earthquakes are a geological thing and not a meteorological thing, and there is no known connection between the weather and earthquakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: However, in your reporting you’ve found an interesting twist on this myth. Can you talk about that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: This dates back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/145601/quake-rolls-through-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6.0 earthquake in Napa\u003c/a> five years ago. A scientist at the University of Nevada started looking at [earthquakes] and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925744/study-2014-napa-quake-may-be-linked-to-groundwater-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparing them\u003c/a> to the location of groundwater reserves and the natural fluctuations in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11756603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11756603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on August 24, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1200x835.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on Aug. 24, 2014. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seasonally, groundwater aquifers fill up in the winter and spring, and then get depleted later in the season. This might be especially true in agricultural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens is the reduced weight of that water pressure underground might release or unlock faults so that they’re more likely to slip. The study even suggests that this may have played a role in the Napa earthquake. So while there’s no earthquake weather, there could be an earthquake season in the late summer or early fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: That is wild.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: And if you go back and you look at when the Napa quake happened, it was late summer, in August. The Loma Prieta was in October during that time of year when the groundwater is lessening in its pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and fast forward to 9:20.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave\u003c/a> in early June, a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kedana01/status/1138824822480285697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people\u003c/a> were calling it “earthquake weather” and felt a little more cautious moving around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Hiro Sato of San Mateo has heard people in the Bay Area talk about earthquake weather. He asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, “Is there actually any correlation between weather and earthquakes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, no. There’s no such thing as earthquake weather. The idea goes all the way back to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/there-earthquake-weather?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aristotle in ancient Greece\u003c/a>, but it’s just not a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious asked KQED Science editor Craig Miller to unpack the meteorological myth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for clarity.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>BC: What is earthquake weather?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: I think it may depend on where you live. There are different notions of it around the world. In California, the notion of earthquake weather is typically warmer than usual and still. There’s a lack of wind. It’s almost kind of like this eerie calm before the storm feeling. If you look back at the \u003ca href=\"http://1989quake.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, for example, in October 1989, I recall the weather was kind of like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: Spooky. Is it true then?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: No. A couple of years ago a contributing geologist to KQED \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/26/what-shall-we-do-about-earthquake-weather/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a piece\u003c/a> on this, postulating that the stillness in a place that is usually pretty breezy can give one a sense that the earth is holding its breath. So it might cause us to hold our collective breaths, to wait and wonder what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no, earthquakes are a geological thing and not a meteorological thing, and there is no known connection between the weather and earthquakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: However, in your reporting you’ve found an interesting twist on this myth. Can you talk about that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: This dates back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/145601/quake-rolls-through-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6.0 earthquake in Napa\u003c/a> five years ago. A scientist at the University of Nevada started looking at [earthquakes] and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925744/study-2014-napa-quake-may-be-linked-to-groundwater-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparing them\u003c/a> to the location of groundwater reserves and the natural fluctuations in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11756603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11756603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on August 24, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1200x835.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on Aug. 24, 2014. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seasonally, groundwater aquifers fill up in the winter and spring, and then get depleted later in the season. This might be especially true in agricultural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens is the reduced weight of that water pressure underground might release or unlock faults so that they’re more likely to slip. The study even suggests that this may have played a role in the Napa earthquake. So while there’s no earthquake weather, there could be an earthquake season in the late summer or early fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: That is wild.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: And if you go back and you look at when the Napa quake happened, it was late summer, in August. The Loma Prieta was in October during that time of year when the groundwater is lessening in its pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Is Gas So Expensive in the Bay Area?",
"headTitle": "Why Is Gas So Expensive in the Bay Area? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and go to 4:45.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all know things cost more in the Bay Area: housing, lattes, tempeh burritos the size of your forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the places this is most clear is at the gas pump. The \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA#state-metro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national average\u003c/a> for a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline right now is around $2.70, according to AAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization says California’s statewide average is $3.74, and in the Bay Area, average prices range from $3.68 in the Vallejo-Fairfield area to $3.87 in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global crude oil prices are the biggest determining factor of what gas costs, but those for the most part aren’t going to affect California or the Bay Area differently from other parts of the country. So what accounts for our drastic difference in cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Know: Taxes and the Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of what makes gas more expensive in the Bay Area is true statewide as well: The price is high because of higher taxes and stricter environmental restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California taxes on gasoline involve a combination of state and local charges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Gasoline excise tax of 41.7 cents a gallon (47.3 cents after July 1)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gasoline sales tax: 2.25%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Local sales taxes, which in the Bay Area range up to 2.5%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Underground storage tank maintenance fee: 2 cents a gallon\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Adding together all those charges comes to something in the neighborhood of 55 cents per gallon, according to the American Petroleum Institute. Keep in mind we also pay a federal excise tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on top of all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our state gas taxes are second-highest in the country behind Pennsylvania’s 58.2 cents. And on July 1, we’ll leapfrog Pennsylvania when that 5.6-cent increase kicks in. It’s worth noting that even with its high tax, Pennsylvania’s gas prices are about a buck cheaper per gallon on average than California’s.[aside postID='news_11756861,news_11752024,news_11754005,news_11751084,news_11745576' label='Gasoline and the Bay Area']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the environmental side, we fork out extra because of the state’s cap-and-trade program — which requires several industries, including fuel wholesalers, to cut down on carbon emissions — as well as California’s low carbon fuel standard. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article219331435.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulation\u003c/a> directly targets fuel producers and requires them to limit the creation of greenhouse gases in the production, transportation and use of fuel in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual amounts of these extra environmental costs fluctuate on a regular basis, but right now cap-and-trade costs us an additional 14 cents per gallon and the low carbon fuel standard adds another 13 cents, according to Severin Borenstein, the faculty director of UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute, who has studied gas prices for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the extra cost of refining California’s gasoline. We pay an extra 5 to 10 cents per gallon because the California Air Resources Board requires that the gas we put into our cars be made from a formula producing less air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borenstein is quick to point out that these extra costs have real benefits when it comes to combating climate change and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that California has been able to much more effectively clean up our air quality,” Borenstein said. “If you’re in the middle of Los Angeles and you look toward the mountains, you now see the mountains, which wasn’t the case 30 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But adding up the environmental costs and the gas taxes doesn’t get you anywhere near the current difference between what Californians pay at the pump versus the rest of the country. So what about the rest?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Don’t Know: ‘Mystery Gas Surcharge’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Prior to 2015, the (gas price) differential between California and the rest of the country was pretty much completely explained by our higher taxes and environmental fees and the cost of making our cleaner gasoline,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2015, a new price gap of 20 to 30 cents opened up, one that neither Borenstein — nor anyone else — can find the cause of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started on Feb. 18, 2015, after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-exxon-mobil-refinery-20170502-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explosion\u003c/a> at an Exxon refinery in Torrance, just outside Los Angeles. The refinery was shut down for more than a year, and gas prices in the state shot up, as they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually do\u003c/a> when a refinery goes offline unexpectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These unplanned outages are an even bigger issue in California because the state is what’s known as a “petroleum island.” We don’t have pipelines connecting refineries in Los Angeles to those in the Bay Area or to the rest of the country. Plus, not many refineries make the special better-for-the-environment gasoline that the state requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s a production gap, there are only a few places gas stations can turn to, and that gas has to come in by ship, which costs more and can take weeks to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Borenstein, it usually takes a month or two for gas prices to come back down after that kind of spike. But after the 2015 explosion, “that just didn’t happen, and ever since then we’ve seen this additional differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This additional differential is what Borenstein calls the “mystery gasoline surcharge.” He says right now it’s costing Californians about $20 million per day in higher fuel costs — and $20 billion and counting since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if it’s because (gasoline suppliers) are gouging, or because there is some additional cost that hasn’t been accounted for and that cropped up in 2015,” Borenstein said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/07fd475d-fa63-4e8a-8d06-8071dca2711f?src=embed\" title=\"California Gas Taxes\" width=\"700\" height=\"835\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we do know is that many Californians get their gas from big-name brands, including Chevron, Shell, Exxon, Mobil and 76, which charge 11 to 16 cents more per gallon than ARCO, unbranded gas stations and grocery stores like Costco and Safeway that also sell gas, according to the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a preliminary report from the commission last month, “While this practice is not necessarily illegal, it may be an effort of a segment of the market to artificially inflate prices to the detriment of California consumers and could account for at least part of the price differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There Anything We Can Do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January, 19 state legislators asked Attorney General Xavier Becerra to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/29/a-20-cent-mystery-surcharge-on-gas-california-lawmakers-ask-ag-to-find-out-why/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">look into\u003c/a> the mystery gasoline surcharge, and in April, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Newsom-calls-for-investigation-into-13789550.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked\u003c/a> the California Energy Commission to look into the state’s high gas prices. The commission quickly produced the report quoted above and asked for more time to do a deeper investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am hopeful that between the attorney general’s office and the California Energy Commission, they will be able to get to the bottom of what’s going on and bring our gas prices down a bit,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, there are a few things Borenstein said consumers can do to try to save themselves a little pain at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommended buying gas from off-brand retailers, planning ahead so you don’t end up having to fuel up in an especially expensive place like downtown San Francisco, and getting a more fuel-efficient car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you buy a car that gets 30 miles to the gallon instead of 20 miles to the gallon, that is the equivalent of cutting the price of gasoline by a third,” he said. “So it really makes sense to think about the fuel efficiency of the car you drive.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and go to 4:45.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all know things cost more in the Bay Area: housing, lattes, tempeh burritos the size of your forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the places this is most clear is at the gas pump. The \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA#state-metro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national average\u003c/a> for a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline right now is around $2.70, according to AAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization says California’s statewide average is $3.74, and in the Bay Area, average prices range from $3.68 in the Vallejo-Fairfield area to $3.87 in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global crude oil prices are the biggest determining factor of what gas costs, but those for the most part aren’t going to affect California or the Bay Area differently from other parts of the country. So what accounts for our drastic difference in cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Know: Taxes and the Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of what makes gas more expensive in the Bay Area is true statewide as well: The price is high because of higher taxes and stricter environmental restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California taxes on gasoline involve a combination of state and local charges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Gasoline excise tax of 41.7 cents a gallon (47.3 cents after July 1)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gasoline sales tax: 2.25%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Local sales taxes, which in the Bay Area range up to 2.5%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Underground storage tank maintenance fee: 2 cents a gallon\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Adding together all those charges comes to something in the neighborhood of 55 cents per gallon, according to the American Petroleum Institute. Keep in mind we also pay a federal excise tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on top of all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our state gas taxes are second-highest in the country behind Pennsylvania’s 58.2 cents. And on July 1, we’ll leapfrog Pennsylvania when that 5.6-cent increase kicks in. It’s worth noting that even with its high tax, Pennsylvania’s gas prices are about a buck cheaper per gallon on average than California’s.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the environmental side, we fork out extra because of the state’s cap-and-trade program — which requires several industries, including fuel wholesalers, to cut down on carbon emissions — as well as California’s low carbon fuel standard. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article219331435.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulation\u003c/a> directly targets fuel producers and requires them to limit the creation of greenhouse gases in the production, transportation and use of fuel in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual amounts of these extra environmental costs fluctuate on a regular basis, but right now cap-and-trade costs us an additional 14 cents per gallon and the low carbon fuel standard adds another 13 cents, according to Severin Borenstein, the faculty director of UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute, who has studied gas prices for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the extra cost of refining California’s gasoline. We pay an extra 5 to 10 cents per gallon because the California Air Resources Board requires that the gas we put into our cars be made from a formula producing less air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borenstein is quick to point out that these extra costs have real benefits when it comes to combating climate change and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that California has been able to much more effectively clean up our air quality,” Borenstein said. “If you’re in the middle of Los Angeles and you look toward the mountains, you now see the mountains, which wasn’t the case 30 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But adding up the environmental costs and the gas taxes doesn’t get you anywhere near the current difference between what Californians pay at the pump versus the rest of the country. So what about the rest?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Don’t Know: ‘Mystery Gas Surcharge’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Prior to 2015, the (gas price) differential between California and the rest of the country was pretty much completely explained by our higher taxes and environmental fees and the cost of making our cleaner gasoline,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2015, a new price gap of 20 to 30 cents opened up, one that neither Borenstein — nor anyone else — can find the cause of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started on Feb. 18, 2015, after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-exxon-mobil-refinery-20170502-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explosion\u003c/a> at an Exxon refinery in Torrance, just outside Los Angeles. The refinery was shut down for more than a year, and gas prices in the state shot up, as they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually do\u003c/a> when a refinery goes offline unexpectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These unplanned outages are an even bigger issue in California because the state is what’s known as a “petroleum island.” We don’t have pipelines connecting refineries in Los Angeles to those in the Bay Area or to the rest of the country. Plus, not many refineries make the special better-for-the-environment gasoline that the state requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s a production gap, there are only a few places gas stations can turn to, and that gas has to come in by ship, which costs more and can take weeks to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Borenstein, it usually takes a month or two for gas prices to come back down after that kind of spike. But after the 2015 explosion, “that just didn’t happen, and ever since then we’ve seen this additional differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This additional differential is what Borenstein calls the “mystery gasoline surcharge.” He says right now it’s costing Californians about $20 million per day in higher fuel costs — and $20 billion and counting since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if it’s because (gasoline suppliers) are gouging, or because there is some additional cost that hasn’t been accounted for and that cropped up in 2015,” Borenstein said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/07fd475d-fa63-4e8a-8d06-8071dca2711f?src=embed\" title=\"California Gas Taxes\" width=\"700\" height=\"835\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we do know is that many Californians get their gas from big-name brands, including Chevron, Shell, Exxon, Mobil and 76, which charge 11 to 16 cents more per gallon than ARCO, unbranded gas stations and grocery stores like Costco and Safeway that also sell gas, according to the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a preliminary report from the commission last month, “While this practice is not necessarily illegal, it may be an effort of a segment of the market to artificially inflate prices to the detriment of California consumers and could account for at least part of the price differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There Anything We Can Do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January, 19 state legislators asked Attorney General Xavier Becerra to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/29/a-20-cent-mystery-surcharge-on-gas-california-lawmakers-ask-ag-to-find-out-why/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">look into\u003c/a> the mystery gasoline surcharge, and in April, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Newsom-calls-for-investigation-into-13789550.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked\u003c/a> the California Energy Commission to look into the state’s high gas prices. The commission quickly produced the report quoted above and asked for more time to do a deeper investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am hopeful that between the attorney general’s office and the California Energy Commission, they will be able to get to the bottom of what’s going on and bring our gas prices down a bit,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, there are a few things Borenstein said consumers can do to try to save themselves a little pain at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommended buying gas from off-brand retailers, planning ahead so you don’t end up having to fuel up in an especially expensive place like downtown San Francisco, and getting a more fuel-efficient car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This episode of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a little bit different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the show tags along with Bryan Bashin, CEO of LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired, to give us a taste of what it’s like to navigate a loud and chaotic city while blind.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode is meant to be a truly immersive experience for your ears. So put on your headphones, settle in and turn the sound up. You can listen by clicking the play button above or on your podcast player of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To hear more amazing sound experiences, check out Chris and Sam’s podcast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“The World According to Sound.”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Crows Are Crowding Your Bay Area Skies. Why?",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]Q[/dropcap]uick: What’s the one bird you see and hear most every day, day in and day out, without fail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re willing to bet that for most of us in the Bay Area, there’s one avian species that predominates in our daily bird experience: Corvus brachyrhynchos, better known to most of us as “the crow.”[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see ’em in the morning, I see ’em in the afternoon, I see ’em up in trees, I see ’em on top of buildings,” said San Mateo native Kevin Branch. “They’re everywhere. I kind of feel like the crow has taken over — big time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branch has a lot of questions for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> about crows in the Bay Area: Why are there so many? Are crows replacing other familiar birds, such as mockingbirds, blue jays and red-winged blackbirds? Is there a plan to reduce crow populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Yes, There Are More Crows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he most persuasive evidence comes from the Audubon Society and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/conservation/join-christmas-bird-count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christmas Bird Count\u003c/a>. The count is conducted by more than 2,500 local chapters across the Americas, the Caribbean and Hawaii, each with volunteer observers tallying birds in a predefined 15-mile-diameter circle over a 24-hour period.[aside tag='bay-curious' label='Looking for More Bay Curious?']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Audubon Society’s Golden Gate chapter conducts two counts each December: one in a circle centered in Oakland, covering a big slice of the East Bay Hills and the bay shore from El Cerrito to San Leandro, and the second in a circle centered on San Francisco’s Oceanview neighborhood, which covers the entire city and most of the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of crows in the Oakland circle has grown from 167 in 2000 to nearly 2,500 in 2018 — an increase of nearly 15 times in fewer than 20 years. The numbers for San Francisco are impressive, if not as dramatic. The 2000 count recorded 122 crows, with more recent counts in the 700 to 900 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s behind the increase? People who watch the birds point to an equation with two major parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crows Not Welcome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One argument, which may be true, is that crows are smart birds, and crows have historically inhabited the countryside,” says Bob Lewis, a Berkeley birder and one or the organizers for the Oakland Christmas Bird Count. “Farmers put up scarecrows and crows eat corn. We have that kind of feeling about them. But in the country, crows get shot, too, and crows have perhaps discovered in the cities and towns that it’s a much safer place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crows have been on the receiving end of our hostility for a long time — a creature viewed by many as a voracious destroyer of crops and inveterate opportunist preying on the young of smaller, more valuable, and let’s face it, better-liked birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds.\u003ccite>E.R. Kalmbach,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Department of Agriculture, 1918\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some, including E.R. Kalmbach, the author of \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin\u003c/a> published in 1918, acknowledged that crows sometimes did have a negative impact on crops. But based on an intensive study of what crows actually ate — the stomachs of 2,118 crows were examined for evidence — Kalmbach argued the birds played an essential role in controlling harmful insects, a service that “can ill be spared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds which at times are most valuable aids to man,” Kalmbach concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appeal for reason apparently didn’t resonate too widely. The very next year, 1919, the DuPont chemical company launched a National Crow Shoot. DuPont declared “it is certain that some concerted action on the part of farmers and sportsmen” was needed to ensure a bountiful grain harvest. The company promoted another benefit to hardware retailers, who at the time sold firearms — it would help them sell more ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752434\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1200x895.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for DuPont’s 1919 National Crow Shoot, a yearlong event the company promoted as a way to help farmers and sell ammunition. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attempts to eliminate crows weren’t, and aren’t, limited to the countryside. In the early 20th century, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park employed a hunter — usually a city cop — to shoot crows and other unwanted animals, like jays and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it may come as news to city dwellers, but California has a hunting season for crows from Dec. 1 through the beginning of April every year in most of the state’s rural areas. State law allows landowners to kill crows out of season, too, if they “are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the most recent year for which the Department of Fish and Wildlife has numbers, hunters here reported killing about 35,000 crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Food Means More Crows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unfriendly humans are just one major factor that has led to more crows joining us in our cities and suburbs. The other?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s kind of simple myself,” said University of Washington wildlife biologist John Marzluff, who has studied crows and other corvids for decades. “Basically, we’ve provided more food for them. Now, the reasons for that may be more complex because it includes things like garbage, like fast-food restaurant waste, like roadkill. So there are a lot of ways we provide them food. But that’s the bottom line. That’s why they’re more abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a sort of common-sense objection to that idea: City dwellers have always been pretty messy. Look at the giant open garbage dumps that used to be on the edge of every big city. If garbage is attracting crows, where were they before?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it actually works better for crows to spread out their food sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to have a dump,” he says. “I think actually in terms of territoriality and increasing the breeding population, it’s better to have food more uniformly distributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1020x833.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1200x980.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1920x1567.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ready availability of food in cities — in this case, meant for some backyard chickens — is a major factor driving crows’ urban population increase, biologists say. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marzluff also says crows have no problem crowding in among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only defend enough space that’s necessary to get enough food to raise their young and survive,” he says. “So as more food is available, they can live in tighter and tighter quarters and you can fit more of them into the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrian Cotter, a web developer for the Sierra Club who is also a citizen scientist and corvid enthusiast, points out that some of the very things we do to make cities more livable for us are also attractive to crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of ‘crow-forming’ our cities — terraforming, but for crows,” Cotter says. “We plant trees they like to nest in. We plant trees that other birds nest in, and that becomes a source of food. So we’re presenting this sort of lovely banquet for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are Crows Replacing or Killing Off Other Species of Birds?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kaeli Swift, another University of Washington biologist who has spent years studying crows and their ways, says research has found that the crow’s reputation for reducing the population of other songbirds is largely undeserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed,” Swift says. “The science just does not back that up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research \u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2014/06/20/do-crows-reduce-other-songbirds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she’s pointing to\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2014 compilation\u003c/a> of 42 studies that looked at the impact of corvids on dozens of songbirds that were their potential prey. In four out of five cases, the analysis found, corvids had no negative impact on either the reproduction — nesting success and rearing of young — or the abundance of other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crow battles with a white-tailed kite at Cesar Chavez Park on the Berkeley waterfront. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bob Lewis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crows did have a larger impact than some other corvids on how successful other birds were in reproducing, the study found, but not on their overall numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says the explanation for this finding — in essence, that even though crows and other corvids do prey upon other birds, the overall impact is small — is “compensatory mortality.” In plain English: It’s a hard world for little things. There are lots of things out there that kill birds and reduce their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood and just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed. The science just does not back that up.’\u003ccite>Kaeli Swift\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It can be easy for us to think, ‘If this predator was gone, then all of the babies they would have eaten will survive,'” Swift says. “That’s really not how it generally works. … The other predators in the system will just come in and take their place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of other predators? Hawks. Owls. Jays. Snakes. Foxes. Raccoons. Cats. And, Swift, notes, some animals we might not think of as a menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t realize squirrels and chipmunks are huge nest predators, much more impactful than crows,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There a Plan to Reduce the Crow Population?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well, no. Crow hunts continue in California and across the United States, and there’s lots of video evidence of that on YouTube. But scientists like Swift and Marzluff argue that the best way to deal with crows is to try to understand who they are and what they’re doing here — an echo of biologist E.R. Kalmbach’s long-ago call for crow tolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of qualities that I don’t think you can help but find really attractive in crows — like their ability to learn our faces and be pretty excited to see us when you’ve built up a positive relationship with them by feeding them,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>A Beakful of Crow Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005FLOEQK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gifts of the Crow\u003c/a>,” by John Marzluff and Tony Angell\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002GJRYWU/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crow Planet\u003c/a>,” by Lyanda Lynn Haupt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/are-there-more-crows-and-ravens-in-the-bay-area-these-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are There More Crows and Ravens in the Bay Area These Days?\u003c/a>” by Adrian Cotter in Bay Nature magazine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crow and Its Relation to Man\u003c/a>,” by E.R. Kalmbach, U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corvid Research\u003c/a>, Kaeli Swift’s blog on her own and others’ corvid studies. To get the flavor of her work (and entertaining writing), check out “\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2018/07/16/putting-the-crow-in-necrophilia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Putting the ‘Crow’ in Necrophilia\u003c/a>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Black-As-Sun-California/dp/0615536328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Bird Black as the Sun: California Poets on Crows and Ravens\u003c/a>“\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Video: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/i_ta33bMB70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crows playing on a snowy car\u003c/a>. Really.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They play, so you can watch them play games, particularly the young birds. And they’re just kind of charismatic and goofy in the way that a dog with a really strong personality is. For me, crows have the same sort of quality where, if you watch them, you just see them do all these things that are so interesting that you just kind of can’t help falling in love with them if you just open yourself up to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says many of our problems with crows may stem from how much we share in common with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re clever, so they’re able to outsmart some of the ways we try to keep them out of our garbage or out of our property,” she says. “They are social, so they are really noisy. They are protective parents, so they can be aggressive around their babies when they feel like they’re being a threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it’s important to remember crows are “sentient beings” like us and that we ought to learn to use our big human brains to discover and address the problems we have with a growing crow population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do end every one of my talks about crows with a slide that’s like, ‘OK, these things can get under our skin. Why? And what should we do?’ ” he says. “And my take-home is that we should celebrate them for being successful, and if we need to control them in places, we need to think hard about it. Like they think about how to live with us, we need to think about how to live with them and come up with strategies that will have meaningful effects on their populations — not just kill a bunch of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Q\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>uick: What’s the one bird you see and hear most every day, day in and day out, without fail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re willing to bet that for most of us in the Bay Area, there’s one avian species that predominates in our daily bird experience: Corvus brachyrhynchos, better known to most of us as “the crow.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see ’em in the morning, I see ’em in the afternoon, I see ’em up in trees, I see ’em on top of buildings,” said San Mateo native Kevin Branch. “They’re everywhere. I kind of feel like the crow has taken over — big time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branch has a lot of questions for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> about crows in the Bay Area: Why are there so many? Are crows replacing other familiar birds, such as mockingbirds, blue jays and red-winged blackbirds? Is there a plan to reduce crow populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Yes, There Are More Crows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he most persuasive evidence comes from the Audubon Society and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/conservation/join-christmas-bird-count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christmas Bird Count\u003c/a>. The count is conducted by more than 2,500 local chapters across the Americas, the Caribbean and Hawaii, each with volunteer observers tallying birds in a predefined 15-mile-diameter circle over a 24-hour period.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Audubon Society’s Golden Gate chapter conducts two counts each December: one in a circle centered in Oakland, covering a big slice of the East Bay Hills and the bay shore from El Cerrito to San Leandro, and the second in a circle centered on San Francisco’s Oceanview neighborhood, which covers the entire city and most of the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of crows in the Oakland circle has grown from 167 in 2000 to nearly 2,500 in 2018 — an increase of nearly 15 times in fewer than 20 years. The numbers for San Francisco are impressive, if not as dramatic. The 2000 count recorded 122 crows, with more recent counts in the 700 to 900 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s behind the increase? People who watch the birds point to an equation with two major parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crows Not Welcome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One argument, which may be true, is that crows are smart birds, and crows have historically inhabited the countryside,” says Bob Lewis, a Berkeley birder and one or the organizers for the Oakland Christmas Bird Count. “Farmers put up scarecrows and crows eat corn. We have that kind of feeling about them. But in the country, crows get shot, too, and crows have perhaps discovered in the cities and towns that it’s a much safer place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crows have been on the receiving end of our hostility for a long time — a creature viewed by many as a voracious destroyer of crops and inveterate opportunist preying on the young of smaller, more valuable, and let’s face it, better-liked birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds.\u003ccite>E.R. Kalmbach,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Department of Agriculture, 1918\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some, including E.R. Kalmbach, the author of \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin\u003c/a> published in 1918, acknowledged that crows sometimes did have a negative impact on crops. But based on an intensive study of what crows actually ate — the stomachs of 2,118 crows were examined for evidence — Kalmbach argued the birds played an essential role in controlling harmful insects, a service that “can ill be spared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds which at times are most valuable aids to man,” Kalmbach concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appeal for reason apparently didn’t resonate too widely. The very next year, 1919, the DuPont chemical company launched a National Crow Shoot. DuPont declared “it is certain that some concerted action on the part of farmers and sportsmen” was needed to ensure a bountiful grain harvest. The company promoted another benefit to hardware retailers, who at the time sold firearms — it would help them sell more ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752434\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1200x895.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for DuPont’s 1919 National Crow Shoot, a yearlong event the company promoted as a way to help farmers and sell ammunition. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attempts to eliminate crows weren’t, and aren’t, limited to the countryside. In the early 20th century, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park employed a hunter — usually a city cop — to shoot crows and other unwanted animals, like jays and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it may come as news to city dwellers, but California has a hunting season for crows from Dec. 1 through the beginning of April every year in most of the state’s rural areas. State law allows landowners to kill crows out of season, too, if they “are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the most recent year for which the Department of Fish and Wildlife has numbers, hunters here reported killing about 35,000 crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Food Means More Crows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unfriendly humans are just one major factor that has led to more crows joining us in our cities and suburbs. The other?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s kind of simple myself,” said University of Washington wildlife biologist John Marzluff, who has studied crows and other corvids for decades. “Basically, we’ve provided more food for them. Now, the reasons for that may be more complex because it includes things like garbage, like fast-food restaurant waste, like roadkill. So there are a lot of ways we provide them food. But that’s the bottom line. That’s why they’re more abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a sort of common-sense objection to that idea: City dwellers have always been pretty messy. Look at the giant open garbage dumps that used to be on the edge of every big city. If garbage is attracting crows, where were they before?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it actually works better for crows to spread out their food sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to have a dump,” he says. “I think actually in terms of territoriality and increasing the breeding population, it’s better to have food more uniformly distributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1020x833.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1200x980.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1920x1567.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ready availability of food in cities — in this case, meant for some backyard chickens — is a major factor driving crows’ urban population increase, biologists say. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marzluff also says crows have no problem crowding in among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only defend enough space that’s necessary to get enough food to raise their young and survive,” he says. “So as more food is available, they can live in tighter and tighter quarters and you can fit more of them into the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrian Cotter, a web developer for the Sierra Club who is also a citizen scientist and corvid enthusiast, points out that some of the very things we do to make cities more livable for us are also attractive to crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of ‘crow-forming’ our cities — terraforming, but for crows,” Cotter says. “We plant trees they like to nest in. We plant trees that other birds nest in, and that becomes a source of food. So we’re presenting this sort of lovely banquet for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are Crows Replacing or Killing Off Other Species of Birds?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kaeli Swift, another University of Washington biologist who has spent years studying crows and their ways, says research has found that the crow’s reputation for reducing the population of other songbirds is largely undeserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed,” Swift says. “The science just does not back that up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research \u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2014/06/20/do-crows-reduce-other-songbirds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she’s pointing to\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2014 compilation\u003c/a> of 42 studies that looked at the impact of corvids on dozens of songbirds that were their potential prey. In four out of five cases, the analysis found, corvids had no negative impact on either the reproduction — nesting success and rearing of young — or the abundance of other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crow battles with a white-tailed kite at Cesar Chavez Park on the Berkeley waterfront. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bob Lewis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crows did have a larger impact than some other corvids on how successful other birds were in reproducing, the study found, but not on their overall numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says the explanation for this finding — in essence, that even though crows and other corvids do prey upon other birds, the overall impact is small — is “compensatory mortality.” In plain English: It’s a hard world for little things. There are lots of things out there that kill birds and reduce their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood and just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed. The science just does not back that up.’\u003ccite>Kaeli Swift\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It can be easy for us to think, ‘If this predator was gone, then all of the babies they would have eaten will survive,'” Swift says. “That’s really not how it generally works. … The other predators in the system will just come in and take their place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of other predators? Hawks. Owls. Jays. Snakes. Foxes. Raccoons. Cats. And, Swift, notes, some animals we might not think of as a menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t realize squirrels and chipmunks are huge nest predators, much more impactful than crows,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There a Plan to Reduce the Crow Population?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well, no. Crow hunts continue in California and across the United States, and there’s lots of video evidence of that on YouTube. But scientists like Swift and Marzluff argue that the best way to deal with crows is to try to understand who they are and what they’re doing here — an echo of biologist E.R. Kalmbach’s long-ago call for crow tolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of qualities that I don’t think you can help but find really attractive in crows — like their ability to learn our faces and be pretty excited to see us when you’ve built up a positive relationship with them by feeding them,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>A Beakful of Crow Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005FLOEQK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gifts of the Crow\u003c/a>,” by John Marzluff and Tony Angell\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002GJRYWU/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crow Planet\u003c/a>,” by Lyanda Lynn Haupt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/are-there-more-crows-and-ravens-in-the-bay-area-these-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are There More Crows and Ravens in the Bay Area These Days?\u003c/a>” by Adrian Cotter in Bay Nature magazine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crow and Its Relation to Man\u003c/a>,” by E.R. Kalmbach, U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corvid Research\u003c/a>, Kaeli Swift’s blog on her own and others’ corvid studies. To get the flavor of her work (and entertaining writing), check out “\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2018/07/16/putting-the-crow-in-necrophilia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Putting the ‘Crow’ in Necrophilia\u003c/a>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Black-As-Sun-California/dp/0615536328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Bird Black as the Sun: California Poets on Crows and Ravens\u003c/a>“\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Video: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/i_ta33bMB70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crows playing on a snowy car\u003c/a>. Really.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They play, so you can watch them play games, particularly the young birds. And they’re just kind of charismatic and goofy in the way that a dog with a really strong personality is. For me, crows have the same sort of quality where, if you watch them, you just see them do all these things that are so interesting that you just kind of can’t help falling in love with them if you just open yourself up to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says many of our problems with crows may stem from how much we share in common with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re clever, so they’re able to outsmart some of the ways we try to keep them out of our garbage or out of our property,” she says. “They are social, so they are really noisy. They are protective parents, so they can be aggressive around their babies when they feel like they’re being a threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it’s important to remember crows are “sentient beings” like us and that we ought to learn to use our big human brains to discover and address the problems we have with a growing crow population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do end every one of my talks about crows with a slide that’s like, ‘OK, these things can get under our skin. Why? And what should we do?’ ” he says. “And my take-home is that we should celebrate them for being successful, and if we need to control them in places, we need to think hard about it. Like they think about how to live with us, we need to think about how to live with them and come up with strategies that will have meaningful effects on their populations — not just kill a bunch of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]Q[/dropcap]uick: What’s the one bird you see and hear most every day, day in and day out, without fail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re willing to bet that for most of us in the Bay Area, there’s one avian species that predominates in our daily bird experience: Corvus brachyrhynchos, better known to most of us as “the crow.”[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see ’em in the morning, I see ’em in the afternoon, I see ’em up in trees, I see ’em on top of buildings,” said San Mateo native Kevin Branch. “They’re everywhere. I kind of feel like the crow has taken over — big time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branch has a lot of questions for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> about crows in the Bay Area: Why are there so many? Are crows replacing other familiar birds, such as mockingbirds, blue jays and red-winged blackbirds? Is there a plan to reduce crow populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Yes, There Are More Crows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he most persuasive evidence comes from the Audubon Society and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/conservation/join-christmas-bird-count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christmas Bird Count\u003c/a>. The count is conducted by more than 2,500 local chapters across the Americas, the Caribbean and Hawaii, each with volunteer observers tallying birds in a predefined 15-mile-diameter circle over a 24-hour period.[aside tag='bay-curious' label='Looking for More Bay Curious?']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Audubon Society’s Golden Gate chapter conducts two counts each December: one in a circle centered in Oakland, covering a big slice of the East Bay Hills and the bay shore from El Cerrito to San Leandro, and the second in a circle centered on San Francisco’s Oceanview neighborhood, which covers the entire city and most of the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of crows in the Oakland circle has grown from 167 in 2000 to nearly 2,500 in 2018 — an increase of nearly 15 times in fewer than 20 years. The numbers for San Francisco are impressive, if not as dramatic. The 2000 count recorded 122 crows, with more recent counts in the 700 to 900 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s behind the increase? People who watch the birds point to an equation with two major parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crows Not Welcome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One argument, which may be true, is that crows are smart birds, and crows have historically inhabited the countryside,” Lewis said. “Farmers put up scarecrows and crows eat corn. We have that kind of feeling about them. But in the country, crows get shot, too, and crows have perhaps discovered in the cities and towns that it’s a much safer place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crows have been on the receiving end of our hostility for a long time — a creature viewed by many as a voracious destroyer of crops and inveterate opportunist preying on the young of smaller, more valuable, and let’s face it, better-liked birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds.\u003ccite>E.R. Kalmbach,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Department of Agriculture, 1918\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some, including E.R. Kalmbach, the author of \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin\u003c/a> published in 1918, acknowledged that crows sometimes did have a negative impact on crops. But based on an intensive study of what crows actually ate — the stomachs of 2,118 crows were examined for evidence — Kalmbach argued the birds played an essential role in controlling harmful insects, a service that “can ill be spared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds which at times are most valuable aids to man,” Kalmbach concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appeal for reason apparently didn’t resonate too widely. The very next year, 1919, the DuPont chemical company launched a National Crow Shoot. DuPont declared “it is certain that some concerted action on the part of farmers and sportsmen” was needed to ensure a bountiful grain harvest. The company promoted another benefit to hardware retailers, who at the time sold firearms — it would help them sell more ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752434\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1200x895.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for DuPont’s 1919 National Crow Shoot, a yearlong event the company promoted as a way to help farmers and sell ammunition. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attempts to eliminate crows weren’t, and aren’t, limited to the countryside. In the early 20th century, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park employed a hunter — usually a city cop — to shoot crows and other unwanted animals, like jays and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it may come as news to city dwellers, but California has a hunting season for crows from Dec. 1 through the beginning of April every year in most of the state’s rural areas. State law allows landowners to kill crows out of season, too, if they “are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the most recent year for which the Department of Fish and Wildlife has numbers, hunters here reported killing about 35,000 crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Food Means More Crows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unfriendly humans are just one major factor that has led to more crows joining us in our cities and suburbs. The other?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s kind of simple myself,” said University of Washington wildlife biologist John Marzluff, who has studied crows and other corvids for decades. “Basically, we’ve provided more food for them. Now, the reasons for that may be more complex because it includes things like garbage, like fast-food restaurant waste, like roadkill. So there are a lot of ways we provide them food. But that’s the bottom line. That’s why they’re more abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a sort of common-sense objection to that idea: City dwellers have always been pretty messy. Look at the giant open garbage dumps that used to be on the edge of every big city. If garbage is attracting crows, where were they before?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it actually works better for crows to spread out their food sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to have a dump,” he says. “I think actually in terms of territoriality and increasing the breeding population, it’s better to have food more uniformly distributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1020x833.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1200x980.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1920x1567.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ready availability of food in cities — in this case, meant for some backyard chickens — is a major factor driving crows’ urban population increase, biologists say. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marzluff also says crows have no problem crowding in among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only defend enough space that’s necessary to get enough food to raise their young and survive,” he says. “So as more food is available, they can live in tighter and tighter quarters and you can fit more of them into the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrian Cotter, a web developer for the Sierra Club who is also a citizen scientist and corvid enthusiast, points out that some of the very things we do to make cities more livable for us are also attractive to crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of ‘crow-forming’ our cities — terraforming, but for crows,” Cotter says. “We plant trees they like to nest in. We plant trees that other birds nest in, and that becomes a source of food. So we’re presenting this sort of lovely banquet for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are Crows Replacing or Killing Off Other Species of Birds?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kaeli Swift, another University of Washington biologist who has spent years studying crows and their ways, says research has found that the crow’s reputation for reducing the population of other songbirds is largely undeserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed,” Swift says. “The science just does not back that up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research \u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2014/06/20/do-crows-reduce-other-songbirds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she’s pointing to\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2014 compilation\u003c/a> of 42 studies that looked at the impact of corvids on dozens of songbirds that were their potential prey. In four out of five cases, the analysis found, corvids had no negative impact on either the reproduction — nesting success and rearing of young — or the abundance of other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crow battles with a white-tailed kite at Cesar Chavez Park on the Berkeley waterfront. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bob Lewis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crows did have a larger impact than some other corvids on how successful other birds were in reproducing, the study found, but not on their overall numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says the explanation for this finding — in essence, that even though crows and other corvids do prey upon other birds, the overall impact is small — is “compensatory mortality.” In plain English: It’s a hard world for little things. There are lots of things out there that kill birds and reduce their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood and just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed. The science just does not back that up.’\u003ccite>Kaeli Swift\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It can be easy for us to think, ‘If this predator was gone, then all of the babies they would have eaten will survive,'” Swift says. “That’s really not how it generally works. … The other predators in the system will just come in and take their place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of other predators? Hawks. Owls. Jays. Snakes. Foxes. Raccoons. Cats. And, Swift, notes, some animals we might not think of as a menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t realize squirrels and chipmunks are huge nest predators, much more impactful than crows,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There a Plan to Reduce the Crow Population?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well, no. Crow hunts continue in California and across the United States, and there’s lots of video evidence of that on YouTube. But scientists like Swift and Marzluff argue that the best way to deal with crows is to try to understand who they are and what they’re doing here — an echo of biologist E.R. Kalmbach’s long-ago call for crow tolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of qualities that I don’t think you can help but find really attractive in crows — like their ability to learn our faces and be pretty excited to see us when you’ve built up a positive relationship with them by feeding them,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>A Beakful of Crow Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005FLOEQK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gifts of the Crow\u003c/a>,” by John Marzluff and Tony Angell\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002GJRYWU/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crow Planet\u003c/a>,” by Lyanda Lynn Haupt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/are-there-more-crows-and-ravens-in-the-bay-area-these-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are There More Crows and Ravens in the Bay Area These Days?\u003c/a>” by Adrian Cotter in Bay Nature magazine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crow and Its Relation to Man\u003c/a>,” by E.R. Kalmbach, U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corvid Research\u003c/a>, Kaeli Swift’s blog on her own and others’ corvid studies. To get the flavor of her work (and entertaining writing), check out “\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2018/07/16/putting-the-crow-in-necrophilia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Putting the ‘Crow’ in Necrophilia\u003c/a>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Black-As-Sun-California/dp/0615536328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Bird Black as the Sun: California Poets on Crows and Ravens\u003c/a>“\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Video: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/i_ta33bMB70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crows playing on a snowy car\u003c/a>. Really.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They play, so you can watch them play games, particularly the young birds. And they’re just kind of charismatic and goofy in the way that a dog with a really strong personality is. For me, crows have the same sort of quality where, if you watch them, you just see them do all these things that are so interesting that you just kind of can’t help falling in love with them if you just open yourself up to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says many of our problems with crows may stem from how much we share in common with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re clever, so they’re able to outsmart some of the ways we try to keep them out of our garbage or out of our property,” she says. “They are social, so they are really noisy. They are protective parents, so they can be aggressive around their babies when they feel like they’re being a threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it’s important to remember crows are “sentient beings” like us and that we ought to learn to use our big human brains to discover and address the problems we have with a growing crow population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do end every one of my talks about crows with a slide that’s like, ‘OK, these things can get under our skin. Why? And what should we do?’ ” he says. “And my take-home is that we should celebrate them for being successful, and if we need to control them in places, we need to think hard about it. Like they think about how to live with us, we need to think about how to live with them and come up with strategies that will have meaningful effects on their populations — not just kill a bunch of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Q\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>uick: What’s the one bird you see and hear most every day, day in and day out, without fail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re willing to bet that for most of us in the Bay Area, there’s one avian species that predominates in our daily bird experience: Corvus brachyrhynchos, better known to most of us as “the crow.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see ’em in the morning, I see ’em in the afternoon, I see ’em up in trees, I see ’em on top of buildings,” said San Mateo native Kevin Branch. “They’re everywhere. I kind of feel like the crow has taken over — big time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branch has a lot of questions for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> about crows in the Bay Area: Why are there so many? Are crows replacing other familiar birds, such as mockingbirds, blue jays and red-winged blackbirds? Is there a plan to reduce crow populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Yes, There Are More Crows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he most persuasive evidence comes from the Audubon Society and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/conservation/join-christmas-bird-count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christmas Bird Count\u003c/a>. The count is conducted by more than 2,500 local chapters across the Americas, the Caribbean and Hawaii, each with volunteer observers tallying birds in a predefined 15-mile-diameter circle over a 24-hour period.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Audubon Society’s Golden Gate chapter conducts two counts each December: one in a circle centered in Oakland, covering a big slice of the East Bay Hills and the bay shore from El Cerrito to San Leandro, and the second in a circle centered on San Francisco’s Oceanview neighborhood, which covers the entire city and most of the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of crows in the Oakland circle has grown from 167 in 2000 to nearly 2,500 in 2018 — an increase of nearly 15 times in fewer than 20 years. The numbers for San Francisco are impressive, if not as dramatic. The 2000 count recorded 122 crows, with more recent counts in the 700 to 900 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s behind the increase? People who watch the birds point to an equation with two major parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crows Not Welcome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One argument, which may be true, is that crows are smart birds, and crows have historically inhabited the countryside,” Lewis said. “Farmers put up scarecrows and crows eat corn. We have that kind of feeling about them. But in the country, crows get shot, too, and crows have perhaps discovered in the cities and towns that it’s a much safer place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crows have been on the receiving end of our hostility for a long time — a creature viewed by many as a voracious destroyer of crops and inveterate opportunist preying on the young of smaller, more valuable, and let’s face it, better-liked birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds.\u003ccite>E.R. Kalmbach,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Department of Agriculture, 1918\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some, including E.R. Kalmbach, the author of \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin\u003c/a> published in 1918, acknowledged that crows sometimes did have a negative impact on crops. But based on an intensive study of what crows actually ate — the stomachs of 2,118 crows were examined for evidence — Kalmbach argued the birds played an essential role in controlling harmful insects, a service that “can ill be spared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds which at times are most valuable aids to man,” Kalmbach concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appeal for reason apparently didn’t resonate too widely. The very next year, 1919, the DuPont chemical company launched a National Crow Shoot. DuPont declared “it is certain that some concerted action on the part of farmers and sportsmen” was needed to ensure a bountiful grain harvest. The company promoted another benefit to hardware retailers, who at the time sold firearms — it would help them sell more ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752434\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1200x895.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for DuPont’s 1919 National Crow Shoot, a yearlong event the company promoted as a way to help farmers and sell ammunition. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attempts to eliminate crows weren’t, and aren’t, limited to the countryside. In the early 20th century, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park employed a hunter — usually a city cop — to shoot crows and other unwanted animals, like jays and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it may come as news to city dwellers, but California has a hunting season for crows from Dec. 1 through the beginning of April every year in most of the state’s rural areas. State law allows landowners to kill crows out of season, too, if they “are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the most recent year for which the Department of Fish and Wildlife has numbers, hunters here reported killing about 35,000 crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Food Means More Crows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unfriendly humans are just one major factor that has led to more crows joining us in our cities and suburbs. The other?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s kind of simple myself,” said University of Washington wildlife biologist John Marzluff, who has studied crows and other corvids for decades. “Basically, we’ve provided more food for them. Now, the reasons for that may be more complex because it includes things like garbage, like fast-food restaurant waste, like roadkill. So there are a lot of ways we provide them food. But that’s the bottom line. That’s why they’re more abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a sort of common-sense objection to that idea: City dwellers have always been pretty messy. Look at the giant open garbage dumps that used to be on the edge of every big city. If garbage is attracting crows, where were they before?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it actually works better for crows to spread out their food sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to have a dump,” he says. “I think actually in terms of territoriality and increasing the breeding population, it’s better to have food more uniformly distributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1020x833.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1200x980.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1920x1567.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ready availability of food in cities — in this case, meant for some backyard chickens — is a major factor driving crows’ urban population increase, biologists say. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marzluff also says crows have no problem crowding in among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only defend enough space that’s necessary to get enough food to raise their young and survive,” he says. “So as more food is available, they can live in tighter and tighter quarters and you can fit more of them into the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrian Cotter, a web developer for the Sierra Club who is also a citizen scientist and corvid enthusiast, points out that some of the very things we do to make cities more livable for us are also attractive to crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of ‘crow-forming’ our cities — terraforming, but for crows,” Cotter says. “We plant trees they like to nest in. We plant trees that other birds nest in, and that becomes a source of food. So we’re presenting this sort of lovely banquet for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are Crows Replacing or Killing Off Other Species of Birds?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kaeli Swift, another University of Washington biologist who has spent years studying crows and their ways, says research has found that the crow’s reputation for reducing the population of other songbirds is largely undeserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed,” Swift says. “The science just does not back that up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research \u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2014/06/20/do-crows-reduce-other-songbirds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she’s pointing to\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2014 compilation\u003c/a> of 42 studies that looked at the impact of corvids on dozens of songbirds that were their potential prey. In four out of five cases, the analysis found, corvids had no negative impact on either the reproduction — nesting success and rearing of young — or the abundance of other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crow battles with a white-tailed kite at Cesar Chavez Park on the Berkeley waterfront. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bob Lewis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crows did have a larger impact than some other corvids on how successful other birds were in reproducing, the study found, but not on their overall numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says the explanation for this finding — in essence, that even though crows and other corvids do prey upon other birds, the overall impact is small — is “compensatory mortality.” In plain English: It’s a hard world for little things. There are lots of things out there that kill birds and reduce their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood and just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed. The science just does not back that up.’\u003ccite>Kaeli Swift\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It can be easy for us to think, ‘If this predator was gone, then all of the babies they would have eaten will survive,'” Swift says. “That’s really not how it generally works. … The other predators in the system will just come in and take their place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of other predators? Hawks. Owls. Jays. Snakes. Foxes. Raccoons. Cats. And, Swift, notes, some animals we might not think of as a menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t realize squirrels and chipmunks are huge nest predators, much more impactful than crows,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There a Plan to Reduce the Crow Population?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well, no. Crow hunts continue in California and across the United States, and there’s lots of video evidence of that on YouTube. But scientists like Swift and Marzluff argue that the best way to deal with crows is to try to understand who they are and what they’re doing here — an echo of biologist E.R. Kalmbach’s long-ago call for crow tolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of qualities that I don’t think you can help but find really attractive in crows — like their ability to learn our faces and be pretty excited to see us when you’ve built up a positive relationship with them by feeding them,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>A Beakful of Crow Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005FLOEQK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gifts of the Crow\u003c/a>,” by John Marzluff and Tony Angell\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002GJRYWU/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crow Planet\u003c/a>,” by Lyanda Lynn Haupt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/are-there-more-crows-and-ravens-in-the-bay-area-these-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are There More Crows and Ravens in the Bay Area These Days?\u003c/a>” by Adrian Cotter in Bay Nature magazine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crow and Its Relation to Man\u003c/a>,” by E.R. Kalmbach, U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corvid Research\u003c/a>, Kaeli Swift’s blog on her own and others’ corvid studies. To get the flavor of her work (and entertaining writing), check out “\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2018/07/16/putting-the-crow-in-necrophilia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Putting the ‘Crow’ in Necrophilia\u003c/a>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Black-As-Sun-California/dp/0615536328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Bird Black as the Sun: California Poets on Crows and Ravens\u003c/a>“\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Video: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/i_ta33bMB70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crows playing on a snowy car\u003c/a>. Really.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They play, so you can watch them play games, particularly the young birds. And they’re just kind of charismatic and goofy in the way that a dog with a really strong personality is. For me, crows have the same sort of quality where, if you watch them, you just see them do all these things that are so interesting that you just kind of can’t help falling in love with them if you just open yourself up to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says many of our problems with crows may stem from how much we share in common with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re clever, so they’re able to outsmart some of the ways we try to keep them out of our garbage or out of our property,” she says. “They are social, so they are really noisy. They are protective parents, so they can be aggressive around their babies when they feel like they’re being a threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it’s important to remember crows are “sentient beings” like us and that we ought to learn to use our big human brains to discover and address the problems we have with a growing crow population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do end every one of my talks about crows with a slide that’s like, ‘OK, these things can get under our skin. Why? And what should we do?’ ” he says. “And my take-home is that we should celebrate them for being successful, and if we need to control them in places, we need to think hard about it. Like they think about how to live with us, we need to think about how to live with them and come up with strategies that will have meaningful effects on their populations — not just kill a bunch of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Wild Turkeys: Strutting Around Your Suburbs, But Why?",
"headTitle": "Wild Turkeys: Strutting Around Your Suburbs, But Why? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>To some, it seems like wild turkeys are invading the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are there so many wild turkeys everywhere? I see them on hikes in the Briones area. I see them at the gas station in Albany. I see them jumping on houses in lots of different areas. They just almost seem like a nuisance,” asks Bay Curious listener Amanda Upchurch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkeys have a long history in California. A native species, \u003cem>Meleagris californica\u003c/em>, once lived around the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles. But that species went extinct thousands of years ago, and the turkeys we see today are not native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkeys in your yard — or in Amanda’s case at the gas station — were introduced by the \u003ca href=\"https://fgc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Fish and Game Commission\u003c/a> (now the Department of Fish and Wildlife) between 1959 and 1999 to encourage recreational hunting that would generate revenue through licenses and such.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were attempts in the late ’30s and ’40s to raise turkeys on game farms. They would then be released throughout the state,” says Scott Gardner, supervisor for upland game at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. “But the problem with game farm birds is they don’t know how to survive in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game began live-trapping wild turkeys in places like Texas and Nevada, and releasing them in the California wilderness. These live-trapped turkeys thrived, successfully reproducing and growing their population in the state to the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745651\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11745651 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Wild Turkeys in front of the campanile at the University of California at Berkeley campus.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild turkeys in front of the Campanile on the UC Berkeley campus. \u003ccite>(Melinda Young/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t controversial until they started popping up in backyards and vineyards,” says Gardner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner says turkeys prefer low- to mid-elevation forested-type habitats, like our coastal foothills. Yet many turkeys have developed a taste for the suburbs of Sacramento and the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Turkeys are largely ground-dwelling birds and like open areas and grasslands, like lawns. They also need trees, and most of our residential areas have trees,” says Gardner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the food. Some people feed the turkeys, which can turn a few stray birds into a large flock of regulars (with no fear of humans) in short order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkeys know how to defend themselves and intimidate, and can become more aggressive in the spring during breeding season, but Gardner says turkeys are more likely to be a pest than a danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll poop on your roof and your sidewalk. They’ll scrape up your lawn. They’ll get in the middle of the street and cause traffic jams, or they’ll scratch your car up. That’s the kind of nuisance you can expect,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for a turkey dinner and have met \u003ca href=\"https://fgc.ca.gov/Regulations/Current/Upland-Game-Birds#300a1g\">the legal requirements\u003c/a> — these wild turkeys are still fair game twice a year. Additionally, if the birds are damaging property, residents can apply for a depredation permit to kill birds on their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In this week’s Bay Curious episode, we heard about a turkey that broke into prison. To hear a longer version of that story and other stories from Uncuffed, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/term/uncuffed#stream/0\">KALW.org/Uncuffed\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The turkeys we see today are not native. They are descendants of turkeys captured near the Rio Grande in Texas that were brought to California for hunting.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To some, it seems like wild turkeys are invading the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why are there so many wild turkeys everywhere? I see them on hikes in the Briones area. I see them at the gas station in Albany. I see them jumping on houses in lots of different areas. They just almost seem like a nuisance,” asks Bay Curious listener Amanda Upchurch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkeys have a long history in California. A native species, \u003cem>Meleagris californica\u003c/em>, once lived around the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles. But that species went extinct thousands of years ago, and the turkeys we see today are not native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkeys in your yard — or in Amanda’s case at the gas station — were introduced by the \u003ca href=\"https://fgc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Fish and Game Commission\u003c/a> (now the Department of Fish and Wildlife) between 1959 and 1999 to encourage recreational hunting that would generate revenue through licenses and such.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were attempts in the late ’30s and ’40s to raise turkeys on game farms. They would then be released throughout the state,” says Scott Gardner, supervisor for upland game at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. “But the problem with game farm birds is they don’t know how to survive in the wild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game began live-trapping wild turkeys in places like Texas and Nevada, and releasing them in the California wilderness. These live-trapped turkeys thrived, successfully reproducing and growing their population in the state to the hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745651\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11745651 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Wild Turkeys in front of the campanile at the University of California at Berkeley campus.\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-800x1066.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/43774900460_c366d7e76d_o.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wild turkeys in front of the Campanile on the UC Berkeley campus. \u003ccite>(Melinda Young/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t controversial until they started popping up in backyards and vineyards,” says Gardner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardner says turkeys prefer low- to mid-elevation forested-type habitats, like our coastal foothills. Yet many turkeys have developed a taste for the suburbs of Sacramento and the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Turkeys are largely ground-dwelling birds and like open areas and grasslands, like lawns. They also need trees, and most of our residential areas have trees,” says Gardner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the food. Some people feed the turkeys, which can turn a few stray birds into a large flock of regulars (with no fear of humans) in short order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turkeys know how to defend themselves and intimidate, and can become more aggressive in the spring during breeding season, but Gardner says turkeys are more likely to be a pest than a danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll poop on your roof and your sidewalk. They’ll scrape up your lawn. They’ll get in the middle of the street and cause traffic jams, or they’ll scratch your car up. That’s the kind of nuisance you can expect,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for a turkey dinner and have met \u003ca href=\"https://fgc.ca.gov/Regulations/Current/Upland-Game-Birds#300a1g\">the legal requirements\u003c/a> — these wild turkeys are still fair game twice a year. Additionally, if the birds are damaging property, residents can apply for a depredation permit to kill birds on their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In this week’s Bay Curious episode, we heard about a turkey that broke into prison. To hear a longer version of that story and other stories from Uncuffed, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kalw.org/term/uncuffed#stream/0\">KALW.org/Uncuffed\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "the-not-so-crystal-clean-history-of-san-franciscos-drinking-water-2",
"title": "The Not-So-Crystal Clean History of San Francisco's Drinking Water",
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"content": "\u003cp>To the west of Interstate 280 along the Peninsula south of San Francisco, there’s a long stretch of beautiful greenery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hills are carpeted with trees, a thick bank of coastal fog hugs the ridge line, and nestled in the middle sit two crystal clear lakes. It all looks so pristine, untouched even.[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s entirely man made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jackie Nuñez moved to San Mateo from Santa Barbara, she couldn’t help but notice the Crystal Springs reservoirs. Jackie studied environmental science in college, and she asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: “What’s the story behind Crystal Springs? There’s not that much information about it online, other than that it’s a man-made reservoir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually two reservoirs: The Upper and Lower Crystal Springs Reservoirs are two of four reservoirs in the Crystal Springs watershed that once belonged to a private monopoly built to serve San Francisco after the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may recall from history class that, after gold was found at Sutter’s Mill in early 1848, it took only a couple of years for San Francisco to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgenealogy.org/sf/history/hgpop.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transform\u003c/a> from a sleepy dock town of a few hundred people into a city with more than 20,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this unlikely boomtown sat on a tiny spit of land surrounded by salt water on three sides, and the new denizens of San Francisco couldn’t survive on whiskey alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were quite a few freshwater creeks amid the sand dunes of early San Francisco, but nowhere near enough to satisfy the needs of 21,000 people. Clever businessmen made personal fortunes bringing water in from Marin County by barge and then sending horses and donkeys around the city dragging water barrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747170\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-800x447.jpg\" alt=\"The San Francisquito Creek on the Stanford campus. Creeks like this were tempting to San Franciscans thirsty for San Mateo County's fresh water in the years after the Gold Rush.\" width=\"800\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-800x447.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-1020x570.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-1200x671.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisquito Creek on the Stanford campus. Creeks like this were tempting to San Franciscans thirsty for San Mateo County’s fresh water in the years after the Gold Rush. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That Marin water was expensive. During dry times, a mere bucket could cost you a gold dollar, which would be worth about $300 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big entrepreneurial opportunity,” said Mitch Postel, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://historysmc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo County Historical Association\u003c/a>. He said it wasn’t long before a handful of speculators started looking to make money by bringing water in from south of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Peninsula was sparsely populated with a series of farms and a stagecoach road running through the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, the only outstanding thing that you would have found was the stagecoach stop, which became a pretty elaborate hotel for its day: the Crystal Springs Hotel,” Postel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747158\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747158\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-800x647.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-800x647.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-1020x825.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-1200x971.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The only known drawing of the Crystal Springs Hotel, from which historians believe the area around it was named. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Mateo County Historical Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A man by the name of George Ensign took in this picture postcard of a scene and realized it could become a vast watershed for San Francisco. Thus began a masterful plan to divert the region’s freshwater creeks and put much of this acreage under water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1858, Ensign joined a group of like-minded investors who pushed for a change in state law that allowed for the formation of corporations to supply cities, counties and towns with water. These \u003cem>water\u003c/em> companies were empowered to acquire lands and waters by eminent domain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, Ensign incorporated the Spring Valley Water Works (later changed to Company), which proceeded to buy up those farms and the hotel in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747167\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-800x1125.jpg\" alt='From the June 25, 1881 edition of \"The Wasp,\" a political cartoon with the caption \"The modern alchemists turning water into gold.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-800x1125.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-160x225.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-1020x1434.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-853x1200.jpg 853w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-1920x2700.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold.jpg 1456w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From the June 25, 1881, edition of ‘The Wasp,’ a political cartoon skewering the fortunes being made by a select few in selling water to San Francisco.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the times they would enlist the aid of the courts when people got wise to what they were doing, and might have the land condemned at 10 cents on a dollar,” Postel said. “They weren’t above any method in order to get the land that they needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the watershed has grown to 23,000 acres, a massive protected natural space in an age when much of the San Francisco Bay Area has been paved over for housing, office spaces and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the enormity of the service provided to San Francisco, the company was hated by its customers. For one thing, there was the ever-present, fetid stench of political corruption and dubious land deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a monopoly. It probably had even more latitude in what it could do than PG&E,” Postel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the water quality and service in San Francisco were said to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=WATER!_WATER!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">awful, and expensive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As time went on, the greater Bay Area’s appetite for water continued to grow with the population, and the reservoirs of the Crystal Springs watershed were not enough. So the Spring Valley Water Company expanded into the Alameda Creek watershed on the other side of the bay, making farmers there angry, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians in San Francisco schemed for decades to take the company out of private hands, and they finally succeeded in 1930. That’s when the city started bringing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11674188/hetch-hetchy-waters-epic-journey-from-mountains-to-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">water from Yosemite\u003c/a> to the Bay Area, through what is known today as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hetch Hetchy Regional Water System.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Crystal Springs reservoirs are part of this water system, but only a small percentage of the drinking water consumed by the Bay Area today comes from San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map from “San Francisco Water” Vol. II No. 1 published in January, 1923. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Mateo County Historical Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>More Crystal Springs Questions Answered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jackie Nuñez isn’t the only person who’s asked Bay Curious about Crystal Springs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“There is a group of private homes on Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir. How was that allowed?”\u003c/strong> — Rupi Singh\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These homes could easily be considered the greatest municipal perk in the Bay Area: residences for the families of \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/the-keeper-of-the-waters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">watershed keepers and supervisors\u003c/a>. The rent is reportedly not market rate, but they’ll tell you somebody’s got to live on the land to watch and protect it from trespassers and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747688\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir Dam keeps the water from flowing to the city of San Mateo. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“With all the beautiful open space and hills around the west side of Crystal Springs Reservoir, why isn’t the area open to hiking and biking?”\u003c/strong> — Raoul Wertz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public can enjoy the \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/crystal-springs-regional-trail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crystal Springs Regional Trail\u003c/a>, a 15.3-mile trail, which will eventually run 17.5 miles from San Bruno to Woodside when it’s finished. Currently, the trail serves more than 325,000 visitors annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, most of the watershed is not open to the public, especially that stretch on the western side of the water. A local group called \u003ca href=\"https://openthewatershed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open the SF Watershed\u003c/a> has been lobbying for years to expand public access, but they haven’t been able to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10472738/hikers-bikers-press-for-more-public-trails-in-peninsula-watershed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crack the resistance\u003c/a>, which includes not just the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which runs the watershed, but also a number of local environmental groups who would rather keep human interference on the land to a bare minimum.\u003cbr>\n[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To the west of Interstate 280 along the Peninsula south of San Francisco, there’s a long stretch of beautiful greenery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hills are carpeted with trees, a thick bank of coastal fog hugs the ridge line, and nestled in the middle sit two crystal clear lakes. It all looks so pristine, untouched even.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s entirely man made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jackie Nuñez moved to San Mateo from Santa Barbara, she couldn’t help but notice the Crystal Springs reservoirs. Jackie studied environmental science in college, and she asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: “What’s the story behind Crystal Springs? There’s not that much information about it online, other than that it’s a man-made reservoir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s actually two reservoirs: The Upper and Lower Crystal Springs Reservoirs are two of four reservoirs in the Crystal Springs watershed that once belonged to a private monopoly built to serve San Francisco after the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may recall from history class that, after gold was found at Sutter’s Mill in early 1848, it took only a couple of years for San Francisco to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgenealogy.org/sf/history/hgpop.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transform\u003c/a> from a sleepy dock town of a few hundred people into a city with more than 20,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this unlikely boomtown sat on a tiny spit of land surrounded by salt water on three sides, and the new denizens of San Francisco couldn’t survive on whiskey alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were quite a few freshwater creeks amid the sand dunes of early San Francisco, but nowhere near enough to satisfy the needs of 21,000 people. Clever businessmen made personal fortunes bringing water in from Marin County by barge and then sending horses and donkeys around the city dragging water barrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747170\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-800x447.jpg\" alt=\"The San Francisquito Creek on the Stanford campus. Creeks like this were tempting to San Franciscans thirsty for San Mateo County's fresh water in the years after the Gold Rush.\" width=\"800\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-800x447.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-1020x570.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut-1200x671.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37099_Screen-Shot-2019-05-14-at-2.54.09-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Francisquito Creek on the Stanford campus. Creeks like this were tempting to San Franciscans thirsty for San Mateo County’s fresh water in the years after the Gold Rush. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That Marin water was expensive. During dry times, a mere bucket could cost you a gold dollar, which would be worth about $300 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big entrepreneurial opportunity,” said Mitch Postel, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://historysmc.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo County Historical Association\u003c/a>. He said it wasn’t long before a handful of speculators started looking to make money by bringing water in from south of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Peninsula was sparsely populated with a series of farms and a stagecoach road running through the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, the only outstanding thing that you would have found was the stagecoach stop, which became a pretty elaborate hotel for its day: the Crystal Springs Hotel,” Postel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747158\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747158\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-800x647.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-800x647.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-160x129.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-1020x825.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut-1200x971.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37105_1971-156B-001_2019mar03_010_P-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The only known drawing of the Crystal Springs Hotel, from which historians believe the area around it was named. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Mateo County Historical Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A man by the name of George Ensign took in this picture postcard of a scene and realized it could become a vast watershed for San Francisco. Thus began a masterful plan to divert the region’s freshwater creeks and put much of this acreage under water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1858, Ensign joined a group of like-minded investors who pushed for a change in state law that allowed for the formation of corporations to supply cities, counties and towns with water. These \u003cem>water\u003c/em> companies were empowered to acquire lands and waters by eminent domain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years later, Ensign incorporated the Spring Valley Water Works (later changed to Company), which proceeded to buy up those farms and the hotel in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747167\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-800x1125.jpg\" alt='From the June 25, 1881 edition of \"The Wasp,\" a political cartoon with the caption \"The modern alchemists turning water into gold.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"1125\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-800x1125.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-160x225.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-1020x1434.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-853x1200.jpg 853w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold-1920x2700.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/The_Wasp_1881-06-25_The_modern_alchemists-_turning_water_into_gold.jpg 1456w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From the June 25, 1881, edition of ‘The Wasp,’ a political cartoon skewering the fortunes being made by a select few in selling water to San Francisco.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the times they would enlist the aid of the courts when people got wise to what they were doing, and might have the land condemned at 10 cents on a dollar,” Postel said. “They weren’t above any method in order to get the land that they needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the watershed has grown to 23,000 acres, a massive protected natural space in an age when much of the San Francisco Bay Area has been paved over for housing, office spaces and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the enormity of the service provided to San Francisco, the company was hated by its customers. For one thing, there was the ever-present, fetid stench of political corruption and dubious land deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a monopoly. It probably had even more latitude in what it could do than PG&E,” Postel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the water quality and service in San Francisco were said to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.foundsf.org/index.php?title=WATER!_WATER!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">awful, and expensive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As time went on, the greater Bay Area’s appetite for water continued to grow with the population, and the reservoirs of the Crystal Springs watershed were not enough. So the Spring Valley Water Company expanded into the Alameda Creek watershed on the other side of the bay, making farmers there angry, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians in San Francisco schemed for decades to take the company out of private hands, and they finally succeeded in 1930. That’s when the city started bringing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11674188/hetch-hetchy-waters-epic-journey-from-mountains-to-tap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">water from Yosemite\u003c/a> to the Bay Area, through what is known today as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hetch Hetchy Regional Water System.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Crystal Springs reservoirs are part of this water system, but only a small percentage of the drinking water consumed by the Bay Area today comes from San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-800x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-800x577.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2-1020x736.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37102_springvalley-lg2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map from “San Francisco Water” Vol. II No. 1 published in January, 1923. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the San Mateo County Historical Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>More Crystal Springs Questions Answered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jackie Nuñez isn’t the only person who’s asked Bay Curious about Crystal Springs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“There is a group of private homes on Upper Crystal Springs Reservoir. How was that allowed?”\u003c/strong> — Rupi Singh\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These homes could easily be considered the greatest municipal perk in the Bay Area: residences for the families of \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/the-keeper-of-the-waters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">watershed keepers and supervisors\u003c/a>. The rent is reportedly not market rate, but they’ll tell you somebody’s got to live on the land to watch and protect it from trespassers and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747688\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747688\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/CrystalSprings2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lower Crystal Springs Reservoir Dam keeps the water from flowing to the city of San Mateo. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“With all the beautiful open space and hills around the west side of Crystal Springs Reservoir, why isn’t the area open to hiking and biking?”\u003c/strong> — Raoul Wertz\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public can enjoy the \u003ca href=\"https://parks.smcgov.org/crystal-springs-regional-trail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crystal Springs Regional Trail\u003c/a>, a 15.3-mile trail, which will eventually run 17.5 miles from San Bruno to Woodside when it’s finished. Currently, the trail serves more than 325,000 visitors annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, most of the watershed is not open to the public, especially that stretch on the western side of the water. A local group called \u003ca href=\"https://openthewatershed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open the SF Watershed\u003c/a> has been lobbying for years to expand public access, but they haven’t been able to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10472738/hikers-bikers-press-for-more-public-trails-in-peninsula-watershed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crack the resistance\u003c/a>, which includes not just the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which runs the watershed, but also a number of local environmental groups who would rather keep human interference on the land to a bare minimum.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "how-have-a-bunch-of-19th-century-victorians-survived-in-downtown-oakland",
"title": "How Old Oakland’s Historic Buildings Survived Decay (and Demolition)",
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"content": "\u003cp>Walking along Broadway or Washington Street between Eighth and 10th Streets in downtown Oakland can feel a little like walking back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]Just a stone’s throw from the business and government hub of City Center, across the street from a vibrant Chinatown and bordered by two major interstates, the neighborhood of Old Oakland has brick-lined sidewalks leading into grand Victorians that date back to the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of odd that you’ve got older buildings and what appear to be older businesses that still exist in an area that I would have thought would have been bulldozed and turned into skyscrapers,” said Spencer Barton, who lives around the corner from Old Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barton asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: “What the heck is Old Oakland doing here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Railroad Comes to Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745515\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"The Oakland Long Wharf in 1878. In 1869, the wharf became the western terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Long Wharf in 1878. In 1869, the wharf became the western terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today’s Old Oakland was the heart of downtown Oakland in the 1870s. Before then, Oakland was a small town, dwarfed by booming San Francisco across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1869, Oakland became the western terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad, bringing a flood of new residents to the East Bay. The city’s population more than tripled from 1870 to 1880, including a large number of African Americans who had recently been freed from slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the weekends, if you wanted to stroll around and enjoy the fresh air and open space in an urban setting, you could do that in Oakland,” said Annalee Allen, an Oakland historian who coordinates the Oakland Tours Program through the city’s Cultural Affairs Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To support its growing population, a thriving downtown built up along Washington Street and Broadway, in what is now Old Oakland. Department stores, bakeries, tailors, offices, liquor stores, markets and more filled the street-level storefronts, with residential hotels occupying the upper stories of the neighborhood’s grand Victorians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11745517 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-800x584.jpg\" alt=\"An illustrated directory of Oakland from 1896 featuring the east side of Washington Street between 8th and 9th Streets shows some of the businesses that made up Oakland's original downtown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-800x584.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-1020x744.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-1200x876.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustrated directory of Oakland from 1896 featuring the east side of Washington Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets shows some of the businesses that made up Oakland’s original downtown. \u003ccite>(David Ramsey Map Collection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fires that devastated San Francisco brought even more residents to Oakland, and as the city expanded its footprint, the center of town started moving farther uptown along Broadway.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Old Oakland Gets Left Behind\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood continued to be a bustling commercial district in the first few decades of the 20th century, filled with smaller business and a few anchor tenants, like \u003ca href=\"http://rattos.com/\">Ratto’s International Market and Deli\u003c/a> on Washington Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745516\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Elena Durante holds up an engraved plate from the early days of Ratto's International Market and Deli. Durante's great-grandfather opened the store in 1897.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elena Durante holds up an engraved plate from the early days of Ratto’s International Market and Deli. Durante’s great-grandfather opened the store in 1897. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Then after World War II people started moving out to the suburbs,” said Elena Durante, owner of Ratto’s, which was founded in Old Oakland by Durante’s great-grandfather in 1897. “Things started to go downhill a little bit in the ’50s. And then by the ’60s this area was largely considered Skid Row, and there weren’t very many retail businesses on this street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the neighborhood was struggling, many of Old Oakland’s original buildings from the 19th century still remained. One writer in the 1970s described them as “the most distinguished composition of late Victorian architecture west of the Mississippi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Old Oakland Rediscovered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>These were the buildings that caught the eye of Glenn Storek, a young architecture student from UC Berkeley, when he first visited Oakland’s old downtown in the early 1960s for one of his classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was astounding to me to see those buildings,” Storek said of his first time seeing what was then known as Victorian Row. “It just burned an image into my brain.”[aside tag='bay-curious' label='Looking for More Bay Curious?']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early 1970s, many of the Victorians that had so enthralled Storek had been condemned and padlocked. Storek by then was a practicing architect specializing in historical rehabilitation, and a friend called him to tell him that one of the buildings was for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at it pretty skeptically and thought, ‘Maybe this is something that could be saved, and maybe we ought to just figure out a way to do it,’ ” Storek said. “So that’s how it started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storek and his friend bought that building and another across the street a few months later. But they knew that even if they restored them, it would be hard to find commercial tenants who’d want to move into a neighborhood filled with condemned and decaying buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They went through the neighborhood asking the other building owners if they’d be interested in being part of a restoration project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They laughed at us,” Storek said. “They just said, ‘Are you crazy?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, it was a lot easier to destroy a neighborhood than to preserve one. It was the era of redevelopment and urban renewal projects, and cities and developers regularly leveled entire neighborhoods, which were often home to communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storek feared the same thing would happen to the historic business district in Old Oakland. In fact, while Storek was trying to find a way to get his restoration plans off the ground, three buildings at Eighth and Washington Streets were torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New Life for Old Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1970s, Storek worked with city leaders, including \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/John_B._Williams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Williams\u003c/a>, the head of the \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/Oakland_Redevelopment_Agency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Redevelopment Agency\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/31/us/lionel-wilson-82-a-mayor-of-oakland-for-three-terms.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lionel Wilson\u003c/a>, Oakland’s first black mayor, to get the city to designate the proposed restoration as an official redevelopment project. Under the agreement, the city would use eminent domain to purchase all of the buildings in the neighborhood and sell them to Storek for the restoration. It also allowed the city to sell bonds, backed by Storek, that could be used to pay for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the businesses that were being bought out — including pawn shops, restaurants and an arts organization — pushed back against the project, and it wasn’t until the mid-1980s that all the original tenants had left and the restoration was able to begin in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Storeks (Glenn’s brother Richard eventually joined him in the project) had already restored the first two buildings they had bought more than a decade earlier. As they restored more buildings over the second half of the 1980s, they brought in more tenants, including a bookstore, art gallery, Ethiopian restaurant and travel agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Architect and developer Glenn Storek at his home with a redwood gargoyle, one of many that were stolen off some of the Victorians in Old Oakland during the neighborhood's restoration and eventually recovered.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Architect and developer Glenn Storek at his home with a redwood gargoyle, one of many that were stolen off some of the Victorians in Old Oakland during the neighborhood’s restoration and eventually recovered. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Loma Prieta earthquake rocked the Bay Area on Oct. 17, 1989, none of the Old Oakland buildings restored and retrofitted by the Storeks fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a broken window,” Storek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But funding the ongoing restorations was proving to be a challenge. A few months before the earthquake, the Storeks took out an $8.9 million loan from Citicorp, and just over a year later, in December 1990, the bank \u003ca href=\"https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-court-of-appeal/1075914.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foreclosed on the project\u003c/a>, saying the Storeks had defaulted on their loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We couldn’t survive that, and so the Oakland project fell into bankruptcy,” Storek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Old Oakland Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With the Storeks out of the picture, the bank took over and eventually sold the project to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2002/04/08/focus16.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new developer\u003c/a> in 2001 (who sold it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/old-oakland-sold-11west-peter-sullivan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another developer\u003c/a> in 2015).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progress was slow, but things have picked up over the past few years. Old Oakland is \u003ca href=\"https://www.old-oakland.com/visit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thriving\u003c/a> now with trendy stores, hip restaurants and bars, a popular Friday farmers market and even a Steph Curry \u003ca href=\"https://warriorswire.usatoday.com/2019/01/03/video-the-line-for-steph-currys-pop-up-shop-is-insane/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pop-up shop\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745525\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Today, Old Oakland is home to trendy spots like Blue Bottle Coffee and a Stephen Curry pop-up store.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Today, Old Oakland is home to trendy spots like Blue Bottle Coffee and a Steph Curry pop-up store. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But none of that might exist if Glenn Storek hadn’t stumbled upon those forgotten Victorians more than 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m absolutely convinced that in probably a year or two, you would have seen [Old Oakland as] bare land and vacant lots,” Storek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "How Old Oakland’s Historic Buildings Survived Decay (and Demolition) | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Walking along Broadway or Washington Street between Eighth and 10th Streets in downtown Oakland can feel a little like walking back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Just a stone’s throw from the business and government hub of City Center, across the street from a vibrant Chinatown and bordered by two major interstates, the neighborhood of Old Oakland has brick-lined sidewalks leading into grand Victorians that date back to the late 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sort of odd that you’ve got older buildings and what appear to be older businesses that still exist in an area that I would have thought would have been bulldozed and turned into skyscrapers,” said Spencer Barton, who lives around the corner from Old Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barton asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: “What the heck is Old Oakland doing here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Railroad Comes to Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745515\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"The Oakland Long Wharf in 1878. In 1869, the wharf became the western terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36995_Oakland_Long_Wharf_1878-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Long Wharf in 1878. In 1869, the wharf became the western terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad. \u003ccite>(Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today’s Old Oakland was the heart of downtown Oakland in the 1870s. Before then, Oakland was a small town, dwarfed by booming San Francisco across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1869, Oakland became the western terminus of the First Transcontinental Railroad, bringing a flood of new residents to the East Bay. The city’s population more than tripled from 1870 to 1880, including a large number of African Americans who had recently been freed from slavery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the weekends, if you wanted to stroll around and enjoy the fresh air and open space in an urban setting, you could do that in Oakland,” said Annalee Allen, an Oakland historian who coordinates the Oakland Tours Program through the city’s Cultural Affairs Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To support its growing population, a thriving downtown built up along Washington Street and Broadway, in what is now Old Oakland. Department stores, bakeries, tailors, offices, liquor stores, markets and more filled the street-level storefronts, with residential hotels occupying the upper stories of the neighborhood’s grand Victorians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745517\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11745517 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-800x584.jpg\" alt=\"An illustrated directory of Oakland from 1896 featuring the east side of Washington Street between 8th and 9th Streets shows some of the businesses that made up Oakland's original downtown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-800x584.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-160x117.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-1020x744.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut-1200x876.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36998_Illustrated-Directory-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustrated directory of Oakland from 1896 featuring the east side of Washington Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets shows some of the businesses that made up Oakland’s original downtown. \u003ccite>(David Ramsey Map Collection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The 1906 earthquake and fires that devastated San Francisco brought even more residents to Oakland, and as the city expanded its footprint, the center of town started moving farther uptown along Broadway.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Old Oakland Gets Left Behind\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood continued to be a bustling commercial district in the first few decades of the 20th century, filled with smaller business and a few anchor tenants, like \u003ca href=\"http://rattos.com/\">Ratto’s International Market and Deli\u003c/a> on Washington Street between Eighth and Ninth Streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745516\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Elena Durante holds up an engraved plate from the early days of Ratto's International Market and Deli. Durante's great-grandfather opened the store in 1897.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36996_IMG_0255-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elena Durante holds up an engraved plate from the early days of Ratto’s International Market and Deli. Durante’s great-grandfather opened the store in 1897. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Then after World War II people started moving out to the suburbs,” said Elena Durante, owner of Ratto’s, which was founded in Old Oakland by Durante’s great-grandfather in 1897. “Things started to go downhill a little bit in the ’50s. And then by the ’60s this area was largely considered Skid Row, and there weren’t very many retail businesses on this street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the neighborhood was struggling, many of Old Oakland’s original buildings from the 19th century still remained. One writer in the 1970s described them as “the most distinguished composition of late Victorian architecture west of the Mississippi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Old Oakland Rediscovered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>These were the buildings that caught the eye of Glenn Storek, a young architecture student from UC Berkeley, when he first visited Oakland’s old downtown in the early 1960s for one of his classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was astounding to me to see those buildings,” Storek said of his first time seeing what was then known as Victorian Row. “It just burned an image into my brain.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early 1970s, many of the Victorians that had so enthralled Storek had been condemned and padlocked. Storek by then was a practicing architect specializing in historical rehabilitation, and a friend called him to tell him that one of the buildings was for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at it pretty skeptically and thought, ‘Maybe this is something that could be saved, and maybe we ought to just figure out a way to do it,’ ” Storek said. “So that’s how it started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storek and his friend bought that building and another across the street a few months later. But they knew that even if they restored them, it would be hard to find commercial tenants who’d want to move into a neighborhood filled with condemned and decaying buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They went through the neighborhood asking the other building owners if they’d be interested in being part of a restoration project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They laughed at us,” Storek said. “They just said, ‘Are you crazy?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, it was a lot easier to destroy a neighborhood than to preserve one. It was the era of redevelopment and urban renewal projects, and cities and developers regularly leveled entire neighborhoods, which were often home to communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storek feared the same thing would happen to the historic business district in Old Oakland. In fact, while Storek was trying to find a way to get his restoration plans off the ground, three buildings at Eighth and Washington Streets were torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New Life for Old Oakland\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1970s, Storek worked with city leaders, including \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/John_B._Williams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Williams\u003c/a>, the head of the \u003ca href=\"https://localwiki.org/oakland/Oakland_Redevelopment_Agency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Redevelopment Agency\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/31/us/lionel-wilson-82-a-mayor-of-oakland-for-three-terms.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lionel Wilson\u003c/a>, Oakland’s first black mayor, to get the city to designate the proposed restoration as an official redevelopment project. Under the agreement, the city would use eminent domain to purchase all of the buildings in the neighborhood and sell them to Storek for the restoration. It also allowed the city to sell bonds, backed by Storek, that could be used to pay for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the businesses that were being bought out — including pawn shops, restaurants and an arts organization — pushed back against the project, and it wasn’t until the mid-1980s that all the original tenants had left and the restoration was able to begin in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Storeks (Glenn’s brother Richard eventually joined him in the project) had already restored the first two buildings they had bought more than a decade earlier. As they restored more buildings over the second half of the 1980s, they brought in more tenants, including a bookstore, art gallery, Ethiopian restaurant and travel agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Architect and developer Glenn Storek at his home with a redwood gargoyle, one of many that were stolen off some of the Victorians in Old Oakland during the neighborhood's restoration and eventually recovered.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS36999_IMG_0606-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Architect and developer Glenn Storek at his home with a redwood gargoyle, one of many that were stolen off some of the Victorians in Old Oakland during the neighborhood’s restoration and eventually recovered. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the Loma Prieta earthquake rocked the Bay Area on Oct. 17, 1989, none of the Old Oakland buildings restored and retrofitted by the Storeks fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not a broken window,” Storek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But funding the ongoing restorations was proving to be a challenge. A few months before the earthquake, the Storeks took out an $8.9 million loan from Citicorp, and just over a year later, in December 1990, the bank \u003ca href=\"https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-court-of-appeal/1075914.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">foreclosed on the project\u003c/a>, saying the Storeks had defaulted on their loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We couldn’t survive that, and so the Oakland project fell into bankruptcy,” Storek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Old Oakland Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With the Storeks out of the picture, the bank took over and eventually sold the project to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2002/04/08/focus16.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new developer\u003c/a> in 2001 (who sold it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/old-oakland-sold-11west-peter-sullivan.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another developer\u003c/a> in 2015).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progress was slow, but things have picked up over the past few years. Old Oakland is \u003ca href=\"https://www.old-oakland.com/visit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thriving\u003c/a> now with trendy stores, hip restaurants and bars, a popular Friday farmers market and even a Steph Curry \u003ca href=\"https://warriorswire.usatoday.com/2019/01/03/video-the-line-for-steph-currys-pop-up-shop-is-insane/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pop-up shop\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745525\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Today, Old Oakland is home to trendy spots like Blue Bottle Coffee and a Stephen Curry pop-up store.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/RS37005_New-Old-Oakland-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Today, Old Oakland is home to trendy spots like Blue Bottle Coffee and a Steph Curry pop-up store. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Lister/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But none of that might exist if Glenn Storek hadn’t stumbled upon those forgotten Victorians more than 50 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m absolutely convinced that in probably a year or two, you would have seen [Old Oakland as] bare land and vacant lots,” Storek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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