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"content": "\u003cp>It might seem like everyone thinks their local airport is the worst of them all: the longest security lines, the worst food, the most delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we in the Bay Area have good reason to complain. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/\">Bureau of Transportation Statistics\u003c/a>, in 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/node/224131\">SFO was the third-most-delayed major airport in the U.S. in terms of arrivals\u003c/a>, with about 26 percent of arriving flights delayed. And that’s not unique to last year. Since 2010, SFO has consistently ranked in the top four of the most delayed airports, some years dipping as low as 69 percent of flights arriving on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is it about SFO? It all boils down to three things: fog, runways and air traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Curse you, Karl!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco might not have blizzards or hurricanes, it turns out a little bit of fog can go a long way to hinder operations at SFO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a clear day, aircraft at SFO can land side by side, because the two pilots on each aircraft are able to look out the window, see each other and maintain separation,” says SFO spokesman Doug Yakel. “The problem is when it becomes foggy, and those two aircraft can no longer see one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pilots can’t visually maintain distance from other planes, they must rely on instruments. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), aircraft must maintain a distance of 4,300 feet when landing side by side in periods of low visibility. However, the two runways primarily used for landings at SFO are only 750 feet apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11772413 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS3592_IMG_4264-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A scenic view of SFO.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scenic view of SFO. \u003ccite>(Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So when it’s too foggy, aircraft can’t land side by side at SFO anymore. Instead of landing 60 planes in 60 minutes, like SFO can do on a clear day, they can land about half that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA also employs a\u003ca href=\"https://www.fly.faa.gov/Products/AIS_ORIGINAL/shortmessage.html\"> Ground Delay Program,\u003c/a> where flights destined for SFO are held at their originating airports until they are given clearance to take off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about metering lights going on to a bridge, for example, where you need to meter the traffic that’s going into that area, because there’s more demand than there is space,” says Yakel. “That’s essentially what happens in bad weather at SFO.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO’s runways were built so close together because they were constructed in the 1940s, when there was much less air traffic. As air travel has become more popular, the distance between runways has made weather more of a limiting factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Busiest in the Bay\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fog doesn’t delay planes at other local airports nearly as much. In 2018, San Jose International Airport’s (SJC) arrivals were 82 percent on time, while those at Oakland International Airport were 81 percent on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO is the seventh-busiest airport in the United States, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/airport-rankings-2018\">boarding almost 28 million passengers\u003c/a>. According to Yakel, two-thirds of the Bay Area’s air traffic goes through SFO, with OAK and SJC essentially splitting the remaining third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If SFO had the same level of flight activity as [the Oakland or San Jose airports], weather probably won’t be as much of a factor,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Deal with Departures\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Yakel says fog doesn’t directly affect departures, its effect on arrivals does trickle down. At the very beginning of the day, all of the planes departing SFO have been kept there overnight. So even if it’s foggy, their departures shouldn’t be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the rest of the day, most departing planes depend on an arriving plane, so it can load up passengers and head to the next destination. If the arriving flight is delayed, perhaps by fog, then the departing flight will be delayed as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improvements on the Horizon\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yakel says that SFO is working with the FAA to address the delays and they are already seeing improvements. On low-visibility days SFO could once land only 27 planes per hour. Recently they’ve gotten that number into the high 30s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty years ago it would have taken additional runways,” he says. “In the years to come, technology is going to address this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA has been\u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/\"> overhauling the nation’s air transportation system\u003c/a> in an attempt to make air travel more efficient and precise.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fun Facts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consider doing carry-on when flying American Airlines. It currently rakes in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/node/221236\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the most revenue from baggage fees\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and has one of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/resources/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/346301/august-2019-atcrr.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highest rates of mishandled baggage.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trying to be on time? You might not want to fly Frontier Airlines. It was\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.transtats.bts.gov/Oneway.asp?Display_Flag=0&Percent_Flag=0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the most delayed airline in 2018\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The busiest airport in the world is \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport (ATL), \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://aci.aero/news/2019/03/13/preliminary-world-airport-traffic-rankings-released/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">handling over 107 million passengers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It might seem like everyone thinks their local airport is the worst of them all: the longest security lines, the worst food, the most delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we in the Bay Area have good reason to complain. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/\">Bureau of Transportation Statistics\u003c/a>, in 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/node/224131\">SFO was the third-most-delayed major airport in the U.S. in terms of arrivals\u003c/a>, with about 26 percent of arriving flights delayed. And that’s not unique to last year. Since 2010, SFO has consistently ranked in the top four of the most delayed airports, some years dipping as low as 69 percent of flights arriving on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is it about SFO? It all boils down to three things: fog, runways and air traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Curse you, Karl!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While San Francisco might not have blizzards or hurricanes, it turns out a little bit of fog can go a long way to hinder operations at SFO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On a clear day, aircraft at SFO can land side by side, because the two pilots on each aircraft are able to look out the window, see each other and maintain separation,” says SFO spokesman Doug Yakel. “The problem is when it becomes foggy, and those two aircraft can no longer see one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When pilots can’t visually maintain distance from other planes, they must rely on instruments. According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), aircraft must maintain a distance of 4,300 feet when landing side by side in periods of low visibility. However, the two runways primarily used for landings at SFO are only 750 feet apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11772413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11772413 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS3592_IMG_4264-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A scenic view of SFO.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A scenic view of SFO. \u003ccite>(Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So when it’s too foggy, aircraft can’t land side by side at SFO anymore. Instead of landing 60 planes in 60 minutes, like SFO can do on a clear day, they can land about half that number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA also employs a\u003ca href=\"https://www.fly.faa.gov/Products/AIS_ORIGINAL/shortmessage.html\"> Ground Delay Program,\u003c/a> where flights destined for SFO are held at their originating airports until they are given clearance to take off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about metering lights going on to a bridge, for example, where you need to meter the traffic that’s going into that area, because there’s more demand than there is space,” says Yakel. “That’s essentially what happens in bad weather at SFO.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO’s runways were built so close together because they were constructed in the 1940s, when there was much less air traffic. As air travel has become more popular, the distance between runways has made weather more of a limiting factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Busiest in the Bay\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fog doesn’t delay planes at other local airports nearly as much. In 2018, San Jose International Airport’s (SJC) arrivals were 82 percent on time, while those at Oakland International Airport were 81 percent on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO is the seventh-busiest airport in the United States, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/airport-rankings-2018\">boarding almost 28 million passengers\u003c/a>. According to Yakel, two-thirds of the Bay Area’s air traffic goes through SFO, with OAK and SJC essentially splitting the remaining third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If SFO had the same level of flight activity as [the Oakland or San Jose airports], weather probably won’t be as much of a factor,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Deal with Departures\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Yakel says fog doesn’t directly affect departures, its effect on arrivals does trickle down. At the very beginning of the day, all of the planes departing SFO have been kept there overnight. So even if it’s foggy, their departures shouldn’t be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the rest of the day, most departing planes depend on an arriving plane, so it can load up passengers and head to the next destination. If the arriving flight is delayed, perhaps by fog, then the departing flight will be delayed as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improvements on the Horizon\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Yakel says that SFO is working with the FAA to address the delays and they are already seeing improvements. On low-visibility days SFO could once land only 27 planes per hour. Recently they’ve gotten that number into the high 30s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty years ago it would have taken additional runways,” he says. “In the years to come, technology is going to address this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA has been\u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/nextgen/\"> overhauling the nation’s air transportation system\u003c/a> in an attempt to make air travel more efficient and precise.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Fun Facts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consider doing carry-on when flying American Airlines. It currently rakes in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bts.gov/node/221236\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the most revenue from baggage fees\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and has one of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/resources/individuals/aviation-consumer-protection/346301/august-2019-atcrr.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">highest rates of mishandled baggage.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trying to be on time? You might not want to fly Frontier Airlines. 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"title": "How the Bay Area Came to be a Hub for Casual Style",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]O[/dropcap]n a recent visit to San Francisco’s War Memorial Opera House, KQED listener Michelle Morby didn’t like what she saw. In the middle of the champagne-sipping, pre-performance throng, she spotted someone wearing \u003cem>jeans\u003c/em> and \u003cem>white sneakers\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That to me is completely offensive,” Morby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morby is someone who likes to dress up when she goes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I got a ticket to the opera tonight, I would pull out a silk jumpsuit. I would wear it with the tallest platform sandals that I have. And I would do my makeup, and I would wear all my jewelry,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like beauty, fashion is very much in the eye of the beholder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the fashion faux pas prompted Morby to ask Bay Curious the question, “Why has the Bay Area become the Casual Capital of the World?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sneakers and jeans at the opera. Yoga pants all day long. Hoodies and puffy vests. The list goes on,” she added. “Don’t say it’s the weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re thinking, “It’s not the weather. It’s Mark Zuckerberg with his hoodies and sneakers, and Steve Jobs’ monochrome T-shirts and jeans,” you should definitely read on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s certainly true that Bay Area patrons of high-end arts events like the opera and ballet — as well as fancy restaurants and other places where you might traditionally dress up a bit — are increasingly dressing down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opera singer\u003ca href=\"https://jnaibridgesmezzo.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> J’Nai Bridges\u003c/a>, who recently portrayed “\u003ca href=\"https://sfopera.com/1819season/carmen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carmen” at the San Francisco Opera\u003c/a>, said she’s noticed Bay Area audiences tend to wear more casual clothes on a night out, compared to some other places, notably big cities in Europe and on the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763831 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"J'Nai Bridges as Carmen at San Francisco Opera.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">J’Nai Bridges as “Carmen” at the San Francisco Opera. \u003ccite>(Cory Weaver/San Francisco Opera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In New York, for instance, where I live, it’s the polar opposite,” said Bridges. “People wear gowns, tuxes and really funky couture things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges is glad to see people coming to the opera, no matter what they’re wearing, but she personally wishes they’d put a little more effort into their appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe I feel like that because, as a performer, we give so much of ourselves,” the opera singer said. “And it’s maybe a respect thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Bay Area isn’t the only place where leisurewear rules. Any number of cities could vie for the title of casual capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The casual capital of the world appears to be Salt Lake City, Utah,” \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_France\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tan France\u003c/a>, the fashion expert for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/80160037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Netflix series “Queer Eye,”\u003c/a> told KQED shortly after appearing on KQED Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763695 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel.jpg\" alt=\"Tan France of 'Queer Eye' poses with Emmanuel Hapsis, host of KQED's 'The Cooler' podcast.\" width=\"590\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tan France, left, of ‘Queer Eye’ poses with Emmanuel Hapsis, host of KQED’s ‘The Cooler’ podcast. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>France is British by birth, lives in Salt Lake City, and thinks the Bay Area is much more dressy than Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People wear heels and stuff, which is quite surprising,” France said. “You’ve got hills. Why is anyone in a heel?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other places around the U.S. that could equally be considered for the title might be Denver, Austin, Portland and Milwaukee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But going with the premise that casual style is a key part of how people dress in the Bay Area today, a complex picture of how and why that came to be emerges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The History of Casual in the Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763833\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Fashion historian Melissa Leventon shows off a pair of shoes from her historic shoe collection at her home in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fashion historian Melissa Leventon shows off a pair of shoes from her historic shoe collection at her home in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based fashion historian \u003ca href=\"https://portal.cca.edu/people/mleventon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melissa Leventon\u003c/a> said the rise of casual wear in the Bay Area is part of the overall fashion story of California, having to do with economics, Hollywood, immigration patterns and the rise of modern design in the middle of the century in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Leventon, the San Francisco clothing industry was split in the late 1800s and well into the 1900s. On the one hand, San Francisco really was a dress-up town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco was actually a city that kind of prided itself on its elegance,” Leventon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People wore gloves and hats to run errands, and there were catwalk shows in San Francisco’s Union Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leventon said San Francisco was home to some highly sought-after fashion labels. Like \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilli_Ann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lilli Ann\u003c/a>, founded in the city in the 1930s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The company made beautifully tailored suits, cocktail dresses, evening dresses,” Leventon said. “They made the kind of elegant wear that well-to-do, well-dressed San Franciscans would wear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even working-class San Franciscans who didn’t have lots of spare cash to throw around on fancy duds dressed up in a bid to project a sense of propriety and economic self-improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Union Square, SF Fashion Show (ca.1950s)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/KuubsgP3eTE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is the other side of San Francisco’s nascent clothing industry — the side focused on making hardy workwear for people like miners and railroad engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That side centered around \u003ca href=\"https://www.levi.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Levi’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Levi’s is very important and certainly one thing that San Francisco has contributed to the general move to casualness, not only here but everywhere,” Leventon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in San Francisco in 1853, Levi’s gradually became hugely influential after inventing the first denim jeans in the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s was a game changer, especially starting in the 1930s, when the company began marketing its jeans not just as workwear, but also as leisurewear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teenagers became a target market after World War II, and Hollywood helped spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two movies helped popularize jeans,” Leventon said. “‘Rebel Without a Cause’ and ‘The Wild One.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these movies, James Dean and Marlon Brando \u003cem>smoldered\u003c/em> in denim. Everyone wanted the look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also became home to some talented architects and designers who had fled Nazi Europe, like Rudi Gernreich, who emigrated from Austria in 1938.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763835\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11763835\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Rudi_Gernreich.jpg\" alt=\"Rudi Gernreich\" width=\"220\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Rudi_Gernreich.jpg 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Rudi_Gernreich-160x231.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rudi Gernreich \u003ccite>(Philadelphia City Paper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He did some really groundbreaking designs in the 1950s,” Leventon said. “He was a pioneer of unisex fashions. His clothes were streamlined, youthful and accessible to a wide range of consumers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The free-wheeling styles of designers like Gernreich went hand in hand with other global California exports, like Beat, Black Panther and hippie culture, and Hollywood surf movies. All of this stuff fed a movement in the media and advertising that projected a sense of the Golden State as a place of permissiveness, comfort and ease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of California as a place where you could get back to nature,” Leventon said. “Nobody’s dressing up and going to the office. You’re putting on your bathing suit and maybe a pair of shorts and a tank top on top of that, and going out to the pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That idea persists today. You can see a version of it in the yoga pants that many people wear about town. And of course, there’s the jeans, T-shirts, hoodies and sneakers popular with those working in the tech and entertainment industries — two stereotypical looks associated with The Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s not surprising that quite a few major leisure fashion brands beyond Levi’s have their roots here. \u003ca href=\"http://gap.com\">The Gap\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.esprit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Esprit\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://oldnavy.gap.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Old Navy\u003c/a>, (which is owned by Gap), not to mention newer ones like \u003ca href=\"https://www.everlane.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Everlane\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.allbirds.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Allbirds\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://rothys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rothy’s,\u003c/a> are based in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these brands, especially the ones that have been around for a while, have fed into the idea of the Bay Area as being a home for casual style.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our Diverse Fashion Sense\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes down to it, you really can’t put Bay Area style in a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of diversity here if you open your eyes instead of your mouth,” said Tony Bravo, the San Francisco Chronicle’s fashion reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recently took to the streets of downtown San Francisco with KQED to scope out what locals and tourists were wearing. He was casually dressed in baggy jeans, a jacket covered in bright geometric shapes, and a resplendent pair of Converse high-tops festooned in gold and silver glitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763639 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Tony Bravo, Man about Town and the San Francisco Chronicles Fashion Reporter lounges in the backroom at The Cavalier in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tony Bravo, man about town and the San Francisco Chronicle’s fashion reporter, lounges in the backroom at The Cavalier in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The thing about walking around San Francisco is, there’s always something for the eye,” Bravo said. “It may not be that Balenciaga ball gown or a perfect three-piece suit. But there might be a great color story. There might just be an impeccably cut piece of outerwear. A great shoe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All kinds of exotic details catch Bravo’s eye around Union Square, from a teen dressed in a black tulle ballet skirt, a pair of leggings and a pink sequined hoodie, to an older person in cropped balloon pants, a big sun hat and a bright yellow top. “I think she looks a little bit like a Van Gogh painting,” Bravo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were, of course, lots of jeans and sneakers. But people clearly expressed themselves with their clothes, whether dressed casually or formally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a great, progressive, sometimes libertine city, and I think that’s reflected in what we wear,” Bravo said. “It’s high, it’s low, it’s simple, it’s extravagant. It is so many things. It is perhaps too many things to categorize.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Show us your style! Share a photo of your Bay Area style on Instagram or Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/mybayareastyle/\">#mybayareastyle\u003c/a>. We’ll feature some of our favorites on KQED’s social media channels, and in the October \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org/newsletter\">Bay Curious newsletter\u003c/a>. Whether you’re in jeans and a T-shirt or an avant-garde creation — we want to celebrate it all! For extra credit, tell us why you love what you’re wearing. Tag your photos by Sept. 20, 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Our casual vibes go way back — but that doesn't mean there isn't creativity within Bay Area fashion.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">O\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>n a recent visit to San Francisco’s War Memorial Opera House, KQED listener Michelle Morby didn’t like what she saw. In the middle of the champagne-sipping, pre-performance throng, she spotted someone wearing \u003cem>jeans\u003c/em> and \u003cem>white sneakers\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That to me is completely offensive,” Morby said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morby is someone who likes to dress up when she goes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I got a ticket to the opera tonight, I would pull out a silk jumpsuit. I would wear it with the tallest platform sandals that I have. And I would do my makeup, and I would wear all my jewelry,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like beauty, fashion is very much in the eye of the beholder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the fashion faux pas prompted Morby to ask Bay Curious the question, “Why has the Bay Area become the Casual Capital of the World?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sneakers and jeans at the opera. Yoga pants all day long. Hoodies and puffy vests. The list goes on,” she added. “Don’t say it’s the weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re thinking, “It’s not the weather. It’s Mark Zuckerberg with his hoodies and sneakers, and Steve Jobs’ monochrome T-shirts and jeans,” you should definitely read on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s certainly true that Bay Area patrons of high-end arts events like the opera and ballet — as well as fancy restaurants and other places where you might traditionally dress up a bit — are increasingly dressing down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opera singer\u003ca href=\"https://jnaibridgesmezzo.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> J’Nai Bridges\u003c/a>, who recently portrayed “\u003ca href=\"https://sfopera.com/1819season/carmen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carmen” at the San Francisco Opera\u003c/a>, said she’s noticed Bay Area audiences tend to wear more casual clothes on a night out, compared to some other places, notably big cities in Europe and on the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763831\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763831 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"J'Nai Bridges as Carmen at San Francisco Opera.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/T8A9920_test.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">J’Nai Bridges as “Carmen” at the San Francisco Opera. \u003ccite>(Cory Weaver/San Francisco Opera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“In New York, for instance, where I live, it’s the polar opposite,” said Bridges. “People wear gowns, tuxes and really funky couture things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges is glad to see people coming to the opera, no matter what they’re wearing, but she personally wishes they’d put a little more effort into their appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe I feel like that because, as a performer, we give so much of ourselves,” the opera singer said. “And it’s maybe a respect thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Bay Area isn’t the only place where leisurewear rules. Any number of cities could vie for the title of casual capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The casual capital of the world appears to be Salt Lake City, Utah,” \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_France\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tan France\u003c/a>, the fashion expert for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/80160037\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Netflix series “Queer Eye,”\u003c/a> told KQED shortly after appearing on KQED Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 590px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763695 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel.jpg\" alt=\"Tan France of 'Queer Eye' poses with Emmanuel Hapsis, host of KQED's 'The Cooler' podcast.\" width=\"590\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel.jpg 590w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/tan-and-emmanuel-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tan France, left, of ‘Queer Eye’ poses with Emmanuel Hapsis, host of KQED’s ‘The Cooler’ podcast. \u003ccite>(KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>France is British by birth, lives in Salt Lake City, and thinks the Bay Area is much more dressy than Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People wear heels and stuff, which is quite surprising,” France said. “You’ve got hills. Why is anyone in a heel?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other places around the U.S. that could equally be considered for the title might be Denver, Austin, Portland and Milwaukee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But going with the premise that casual style is a key part of how people dress in the Bay Area today, a complex picture of how and why that came to be emerges.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The History of Casual in the Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763833\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Fashion historian Melissa Leventon shows off a pair of shoes from her historic shoe collection at her home in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/melissa-leventon-e1564244451474.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fashion historian Melissa Leventon shows off a pair of shoes from her historic shoe collection at her home in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based fashion historian \u003ca href=\"https://portal.cca.edu/people/mleventon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Melissa Leventon\u003c/a> said the rise of casual wear in the Bay Area is part of the overall fashion story of California, having to do with economics, Hollywood, immigration patterns and the rise of modern design in the middle of the century in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Leventon, the San Francisco clothing industry was split in the late 1800s and well into the 1900s. On the one hand, San Francisco really was a dress-up town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco was actually a city that kind of prided itself on its elegance,” Leventon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People wore gloves and hats to run errands, and there were catwalk shows in San Francisco’s Union Square.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leventon said San Francisco was home to some highly sought-after fashion labels. Like \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilli_Ann\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lilli Ann\u003c/a>, founded in the city in the 1930s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The company made beautifully tailored suits, cocktail dresses, evening dresses,” Leventon said. “They made the kind of elegant wear that well-to-do, well-dressed San Franciscans would wear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even working-class San Franciscans who didn’t have lots of spare cash to throw around on fancy duds dressed up in a bid to project a sense of propriety and economic self-improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Union Square, SF Fashion Show (ca.1950s)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/KuubsgP3eTE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is the other side of San Francisco’s nascent clothing industry — the side focused on making hardy workwear for people like miners and railroad engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That side centered around \u003ca href=\"https://www.levi.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Levi’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Levi’s is very important and certainly one thing that San Francisco has contributed to the general move to casualness, not only here but everywhere,” Leventon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in San Francisco in 1853, Levi’s gradually became hugely influential after inventing the first denim jeans in the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s was a game changer, especially starting in the 1930s, when the company began marketing its jeans not just as workwear, but also as leisurewear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teenagers became a target market after World War II, and Hollywood helped spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two movies helped popularize jeans,” Leventon said. “‘Rebel Without a Cause’ and ‘The Wild One.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these movies, James Dean and Marlon Brando \u003cem>smoldered\u003c/em> in denim. Everyone wanted the look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California also became home to some talented architects and designers who had fled Nazi Europe, like Rudi Gernreich, who emigrated from Austria in 1938.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763835\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11763835\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Rudi_Gernreich.jpg\" alt=\"Rudi Gernreich\" width=\"220\" height=\"318\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Rudi_Gernreich.jpg 220w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Rudi_Gernreich-160x231.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rudi Gernreich \u003ccite>(Philadelphia City Paper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“He did some really groundbreaking designs in the 1950s,” Leventon said. “He was a pioneer of unisex fashions. His clothes were streamlined, youthful and accessible to a wide range of consumers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The free-wheeling styles of designers like Gernreich went hand in hand with other global California exports, like Beat, Black Panther and hippie culture, and Hollywood surf movies. All of this stuff fed a movement in the media and advertising that projected a sense of the Golden State as a place of permissiveness, comfort and ease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of California as a place where you could get back to nature,” Leventon said. “Nobody’s dressing up and going to the office. You’re putting on your bathing suit and maybe a pair of shorts and a tank top on top of that, and going out to the pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That idea persists today. You can see a version of it in the yoga pants that many people wear about town. And of course, there’s the jeans, T-shirts, hoodies and sneakers popular with those working in the tech and entertainment industries — two stereotypical looks associated with The Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s not surprising that quite a few major leisure fashion brands beyond Levi’s have their roots here. \u003ca href=\"http://gap.com\">The Gap\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.esprit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Esprit\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://oldnavy.gap.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Old Navy\u003c/a>, (which is owned by Gap), not to mention newer ones like \u003ca href=\"https://www.everlane.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Everlane\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.allbirds.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Allbirds\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://rothys.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rothy’s,\u003c/a> are based in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these brands, especially the ones that have been around for a while, have fed into the idea of the Bay Area as being a home for casual style.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Our Diverse Fashion Sense\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes down to it, you really can’t put Bay Area style in a box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of diversity here if you open your eyes instead of your mouth,” said Tony Bravo, the San Francisco Chronicle’s fashion reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recently took to the streets of downtown San Francisco with KQED to scope out what locals and tourists were wearing. He was casually dressed in baggy jeans, a jacket covered in bright geometric shapes, and a resplendent pair of Converse high-tops festooned in gold and silver glitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11763639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11763639 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Tony Bravo, Man about Town and the San Francisco Chronicles Fashion Reporter lounges in the backroom at The Cavalier in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/Tnoy-Bravo-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tony Bravo, man about town and the San Francisco Chronicle’s fashion reporter, lounges in the backroom at The Cavalier in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The thing about walking around San Francisco is, there’s always something for the eye,” Bravo said. “It may not be that Balenciaga ball gown or a perfect three-piece suit. But there might be a great color story. There might just be an impeccably cut piece of outerwear. A great shoe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All kinds of exotic details catch Bravo’s eye around Union Square, from a teen dressed in a black tulle ballet skirt, a pair of leggings and a pink sequined hoodie, to an older person in cropped balloon pants, a big sun hat and a bright yellow top. “I think she looks a little bit like a Van Gogh painting,” Bravo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were, of course, lots of jeans and sneakers. But people clearly expressed themselves with their clothes, whether dressed casually or formally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a great, progressive, sometimes libertine city, and I think that’s reflected in what we wear,” Bravo said. “It’s high, it’s low, it’s simple, it’s extravagant. It is so many things. It is perhaps too many things to categorize.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Show us your style! Share a photo of your Bay Area style on Instagram or Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/mybayareastyle/\">#mybayareastyle\u003c/a>. We’ll feature some of our favorites on KQED’s social media channels, and in the October \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org/newsletter\">Bay Curious newsletter\u003c/a>. Whether you’re in jeans and a T-shirt or an avant-garde creation — we want to celebrate it all! For extra credit, tell us why you love what you’re wearing. Tag your photos by Sept. 20, 2019.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Are There So Many Palm Trees in the Bay Area?",
"headTitle": "Why Are There So Many Palm Trees in the Bay Area? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]fter Joseph Morales, an electrician from Chicago, moved to Emeryville this past winter, he found himself wondering: What’s with all the palm trees in the Bay Area? Like Joseph, they didn’t originate here. But they’re all over the place. Not that Joseph minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11769988\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11769988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1200x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Morales in front of a palm tree. \" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-470x470.jpg 470w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joseph Morales likes palms, but wonders why they’re here. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They remind me of vacation,” he says, “having a good time with a cold drink and sitting under a palm tree.” Then again: “Northern California doesn’t really seem to be the ideal location for palm trees. I’m expecting hot weather and sun and beaches. And there’s just palm trees and mountains and cold water. So it just seemed weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot dozens of species of palms around here, but only one in the state is native. \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia_filifera\">Washingtonia filifera\u003c/a>, the California palm or desert fan palm, prefers the arid region hundreds of miles farther south — closer to \u003cem>Palm\u003c/em> Springs — over the mist of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the other species you see in California have names hinting at distant origins: the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_canariensis\">Canary Island date palm\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachycarpus_fortunei\">Chinese windmill palm\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia_robusta\">Mexican fan palm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Two Common Bay Area Palms\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia_robusta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexican fan palm\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> – These trees tend to stand out in neighborhoods because they may be twice as tall as the surrounding houses and power lines. The leaves are like the fingers of your hand, and can be more than 4 feet long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_canariensis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canary Island date palm\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> – These trees have 7- or 8-foot leaves that resemble feathers more than fingers. They’ve been widely distributed around the world as a landscape tree. You might notice this species along the Embarcadero in San Francisco or passing through the Bay Bridge Toll Plaza. Despite their name, they weren’t planted for their dates. To get tasty dates, you’d want a different species: \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phoenix dactylifera\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>How’d they get here?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Foreign palms were originally brought to California’s Spanish missions in the 1700s for religious services the Sunday before Easter, says Joe McBride, a professor emeritus of landscape architecture and environmental planning at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They used the palm fronds for processionals on Palm Sunday once a year at their churches,” he says. “There was nothing like this growing in the vicinity of the missions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768772\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11768772 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-160x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joe McBride says foreign palms first made their appearance in California for religious reasons. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As more settlements were built over the following decades, more palm trees were planted. And palms gained more ground in the 19th century when they became trendy in Europe as a symbol of the tropical world. The well-to-do began keeping palms in rooms or greenhouses as status markers, McBride says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a fashionable thing for the rich and famous to have … and that idea sort of spread to hotels, where they had these indoor palm gardens that were basically lavishly furnished dining rooms with potted palm trees,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the late 1800s, that same fascination had taken hold in Los Angeles. It became part of Southern California’s style — its image and its sales pitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing palms for dates eventually factored in, as noted in a 1950s Palm Springs tourism film. Some 4,000 acres near Palm Springs were growing dates at the time, the film noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MNu_MY7zwzs\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Palms proliferate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over the last century, palms have turned out to be highly practical street trees in both Los Angeles and the Bay Area. Martha Ketterer, a San Francisco landscape architect, has presided over the planting of hundreds of palms — and not just because she’s fond of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Palm trees are very-sexy looking creatures,” Ketterer says, but also, when it comes to streetscaping, they solve a lot of logistical challenges compared to woody trees. For example, urban survivability: Palms can often cope in salty places, like right next to the bay, or amid gusty wind, like the kind that “whips down Market Street,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768773\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11768773\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Martha Ketterer, a San Francisco landscape architect\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martha Ketterer, a San Francisco landscape architect. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palms also have small roots that make them less likely to lift up nearby sidewalks and much easier to transplant successfully. Ketterer says installing a nice oak tree (of a size requiring a crane) might cost taxpayers around $50,000, so public officials may be reluctant to gamble on the oak’s survival when palms are a safer, more affordable bet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also plant a palm right between a brick building and a power line and know that it will grow pretty much straight up, with no growing branches to snag on masonry or Muni wires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, palms have their detractors. In the aftermath of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, some decried the planting of more palms in the city as a tacky wannabe-SoCal look: “It was going to be ‘the Los Angeles-ation of San Francisco,’ ” Ketterer says. And in some wet habitats, both Mexican fan palms and Canary Island date palms are considered invasive, crowding out native plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But palm trees also enjoy a certain cachet. To Joseph, the electrician who first asked Bay Curious about them, they signify being off work in some exotic sliver of paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Dewees, a San Francisco horticulturist who wrote the book \u003ca href=\"https://www.workman.com/products/designing-with-palms\">“Designing With Palms,”\u003c/a> says part of the reason many people feel that way involves a history with palm trees dating back to the dawn of agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the earliest representations of plants by the human hand are representations of palms in the deserts of North Africa,” Dewees says. From petroglyphs to ancient coins, palms are a potent symbol, connoting hospitable oases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11768774 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Morales and Jason Dewees admire the palms\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joseph Morales and Jason Dewees admire some palm trees. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They show you that you’re in a place where you can grow food and where there’s water, and where the palm tree itself is going to provide dates,” Dewees says. Palms have also long been planted simply for beauty and pleasure. They show that the land is taken care of — that you’re somewhere nice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That answer worked for Joseph. After all, he arrived here not long ago from Chicago. It’s too cold for palm trees there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>fter Joseph Morales, an electrician from Chicago, moved to Emeryville this past winter, he found himself wondering: What’s with all the palm trees in the Bay Area? Like Joseph, they didn’t originate here. But they’re all over the place. Not that Joseph minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11769988\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11769988\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1200x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Morales in front of a palm tree. \" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1472x1472.jpg 1472w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-912x912.jpg 912w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2-470x470.jpg 470w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/1-Joseph-2.jpg 1980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joseph Morales likes palms, but wonders why they’re here. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They remind me of vacation,” he says, “having a good time with a cold drink and sitting under a palm tree.” Then again: “Northern California doesn’t really seem to be the ideal location for palm trees. I’m expecting hot weather and sun and beaches. And there’s just palm trees and mountains and cold water. So it just seemed weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can spot dozens of species of palms around here, but only one in the state is native. \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia_filifera\">Washingtonia filifera\u003c/a>, the California palm or desert fan palm, prefers the arid region hundreds of miles farther south — closer to \u003cem>Palm\u003c/em> Springs — over the mist of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the other species you see in California have names hinting at distant origins: the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_canariensis\">Canary Island date palm\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachycarpus_fortunei\">Chinese windmill palm\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia_robusta\">Mexican fan palm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Two Common Bay Area Palms\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonia_robusta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexican fan palm\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> – These trees tend to stand out in neighborhoods because they may be twice as tall as the surrounding houses and power lines. The leaves are like the fingers of your hand, and can be more than 4 feet long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_canariensis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canary Island date palm\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> – These trees have 7- or 8-foot leaves that resemble feathers more than fingers. They’ve been widely distributed around the world as a landscape tree. You might notice this species along the Embarcadero in San Francisco or passing through the Bay Bridge Toll Plaza. Despite their name, they weren’t planted for their dates. To get tasty dates, you’d want a different species: \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phoenix dactylifera\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>How’d they get here?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Foreign palms were originally brought to California’s Spanish missions in the 1700s for religious services the Sunday before Easter, says Joe McBride, a professor emeritus of landscape architecture and environmental planning at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They used the palm fronds for processionals on Palm Sunday once a year at their churches,” he says. “There was nothing like this growing in the vicinity of the missions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768772\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11768772 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-160x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/5-McBride-e1566339291493.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joe McBride says foreign palms first made their appearance in California for religious reasons. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As more settlements were built over the following decades, more palm trees were planted. And palms gained more ground in the 19th century when they became trendy in Europe as a symbol of the tropical world. The well-to-do began keeping palms in rooms or greenhouses as status markers, McBride says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a fashionable thing for the rich and famous to have … and that idea sort of spread to hotels, where they had these indoor palm gardens that were basically lavishly furnished dining rooms with potted palm trees,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the late 1800s, that same fascination had taken hold in Los Angeles. It became part of Southern California’s style — its image and its sales pitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing palms for dates eventually factored in, as noted in a 1950s Palm Springs tourism film. Some 4,000 acres near Palm Springs were growing dates at the time, the film noted.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MNu_MY7zwzs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MNu_MY7zwzs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>Palms proliferate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Over the last century, palms have turned out to be highly practical street trees in both Los Angeles and the Bay Area. Martha Ketterer, a San Francisco landscape architect, has presided over the planting of hundreds of palms — and not just because she’s fond of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Palm trees are very-sexy looking creatures,” Ketterer says, but also, when it comes to streetscaping, they solve a lot of logistical challenges compared to woody trees. For example, urban survivability: Palms can often cope in salty places, like right next to the bay, or amid gusty wind, like the kind that “whips down Market Street,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768773\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11768773\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"Martha Ketterer, a San Francisco landscape architect\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-1122x1496.jpg 1122w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277-354x472.jpg 354w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/4-Martha-e1566339209277.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martha Ketterer, a San Francisco landscape architect. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palms also have small roots that make them less likely to lift up nearby sidewalks and much easier to transplant successfully. Ketterer says installing a nice oak tree (of a size requiring a crane) might cost taxpayers around $50,000, so public officials may be reluctant to gamble on the oak’s survival when palms are a safer, more affordable bet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also plant a palm right between a brick building and a power line and know that it will grow pretty much straight up, with no growing branches to snag on masonry or Muni wires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, palms have their detractors. In the aftermath of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, some decried the planting of more palms in the city as a tacky wannabe-SoCal look: “It was going to be ‘the Los Angeles-ation of San Francisco,’ ” Ketterer says. And in some wet habitats, both Mexican fan palms and Canary Island date palms are considered invasive, crowding out native plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But palm trees also enjoy a certain cachet. To Joseph, the electrician who first asked Bay Curious about them, they signify being off work in some exotic sliver of paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Dewees, a San Francisco horticulturist who wrote the book \u003ca href=\"https://www.workman.com/products/designing-with-palms\">“Designing With Palms,”\u003c/a> says part of the reason many people feel that way involves a history with palm trees dating back to the dawn of agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the earliest representations of plants by the human hand are representations of palms in the deserts of North Africa,” Dewees says. From petroglyphs to ancient coins, palms are a potent symbol, connoting hospitable oases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11768774 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Morales and Jason Dewees admire the palms\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437-536x402.jpg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/3-Joseph-and-Jason-e1566339122437.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joseph Morales and Jason Dewees admire some palm trees. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They show you that you’re in a place where you can grow food and where there’s water, and where the palm tree itself is going to provide dates,” Dewees says. Palms have also long been planted simply for beauty and pleasure. They show that the land is taken care of — that you’re somewhere nice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That answer worked for Joseph. After all, he arrived here not long ago from Chicago. It’s too cold for palm trees there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ever had your late-night revels ended abruptly by the bartender announcing last call just before 2 a.m. here in the Bay Area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this strikes a chord, you’re not alone:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/questlove/status/1142351700314824704?s=21\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 2 a.m. last call frustrates a lot of people. KQED listener Tara Downey even gets a little \u003cem>embarrassed\u003c/em> by it when out-of-town friends visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have friends that live in New York, and so when they come back here it’s a little bit of a shock to them,” she explains. “They’re kind of like ‘OK, where do we go next?’ And … there’s not really an answer for that. We go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she wants to know why last call is so early in San Francisco compared to other big cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768351\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11768351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Curious listener Tara Downey, who asked us: “Why does nightlife in San Francisco end so early compared with other big cities around the world?” \u003ccite>(Carly Severn / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, the idea that California nightlife ends early depends on your definition of early. After all, we’ve got the same last call as Minnesota, Montana and New Mexico, and we can party one hour later than states like Maine, Delaware and Rhode Island. We’ve even got a whole two hours on most of Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s New York City, with a 4 a.m. last call, and people in Indiana and West Virginia can have their last drink at 3 a.m., while Las Vegas and New Orleans are 24-hour drinking towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our 2 a.m. last call has been in place since 1913. But what Tara didn’t know is that all this might change very soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state Sen. Scott Wiener, who represents San Francisco and northern San Mateo County, is the author of the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB58\">“Last Call” State Bill 58\u003c/a> (SB 58), which proposes extending California’s closing times to 4 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768355\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11768355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California state Sen. Scott Wiener, the author of SB 58, which proposes extending last call to 4 a.m. \u003ccite>(Carly Severn / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wiener’s bill suggests a pilot program of 10 cities, including Sacramento, San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Long Beach, Coachella, Cathedral City, Fresno and Palm Springs. Under the plan, cities would get the ability to choose last call — neighborhood by neighborhood. “Whether you’re in downtown L.A. or a small farm town, we’re trying to create more local flexibility around nightlife,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\">Why Extend Last Call? \u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To Wiener, nightlife is critical to our culture. To hear him tell it, SB 58 almost sounds like a battle for a city’s soul: An enabling of more music, more dancing and more creative expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people say, ‘Oh, nothing good happens after midnight, let alone after 1 a.m.,’” says Wiener. “And it’s a nice joke to make, but it is actually a joke. It’s false.. a lot of beautiful things happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to mention, the Bay Area is an internationally renowned hub of LGBTQ culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the LGBT community, our bars and nightclubs are not just a place to go out. It’s about building community. And for so many of us — myself included — we found our community in the nightclubs, in the bars. And in so many parts of this country sometimes that’s like the only place you can go and really just be with your community, in a safe space,” Wiener says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nightlife is also an economic driver. In San Francisco alone, the nightlife industry includes over 3,500 businesses that create more than 60,000 jobs here, \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/entertainment/sites/default/files/SFEC%20AnnualReport_FY16-17%20FY17-18.pdf\">according to the city’s own numbers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Late-Night Critics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This is Wiener’s third try at extending California’s nightlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, when he last introduced a similar bill, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13841872/jerry-brown-vetoes-4am-nightlife-bill-for-california-cities\">vetoed it with the words: “I believe we have enough mischief from midnight to 2 without adding two more hours of mayhem.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown added that he was worried about the link between more drinking hours and more DUIs. \u003c/span>Groups like the California Alcohol Policy Alliance (CAPA) later \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/alcohol-justice-is-reporting-sb-905-wieners-4-am-bar-bill-fails-governor-brown-vetoes-the-dangerous-experiment-300721323.html\">described Brown’s 2018 veto as “a great victory for the health and well-being of all Californians”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While everyone can agree that drunken driving is bad, some dispute how many more DUIs would actually be caused by a later last call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term studies conducted in \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071169\">New York\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235207000839?via%3Dihub\">Minnesota\u003c/a> have drawn connections between closing times and DUI frequency, but the authors of the latter acknowledged the likely influence of additional policing. Less controversial studies,\u003ca href=\"http://alcoholjustice.org/images/reports/reports-full/LATE-NIGHT-THREAT-final.pdf\"> like those cited by CAPA\u003c/a>, examined the effects of closing times over multiple years and also found a correlation. However, critics contest that those were all conducted in other countries, like Australia and Norway, and may not be as relevant in places like San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you say ‘No, we’re going to restrict nightlife’, you just start seeing illegal nightlife,” says Wiener. “People are still going to have parties. They’re just going to do it in a way that’s less safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety questions aside: Is the Bay Area really ready for an extra two hours of nightlife?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are You Ready For This?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>David Ruiz is a bartender and owner of several bars in San Francisco, including Junior. He says that while clubs will probably welcome those two extra party hours, he doesn’t see a great demand for a later last call among his cocktail clientele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768357\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11768357\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Ruiz, bartender and bar owner in San Francisco \u003ccite>(Carly Severn / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On occasion we have to shuffle some people out [at 2 a.m.],” he says. “But I would say people aren’t ‘going hard’ to last call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\">When you consider the long working hours for many industries, the long commutes necessitated by steep city rental markets and the cost of alcoholic drinks in the Bay Area, you may ask yourself: Why \u003cem>would\u003c/em> people want to stay out?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ruiz’s experience, San Francisco drinkers are increasingly more concerned with sampling new craft beers, or savoring certain spirits in their own sweet time than lining up the shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like the whole just-getting-really-wasted vibe is kind of on its way out,” he says, pointing to what he sees as an increasingly health-conscious culture in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People here, he says, are also surrounded by tempting outdoor opportunities — like camping and river rafting — and “awesome weekend trips which, again, affects that nightlife culture on the weekends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual demand aside, Ruiz notes, it’s important to remember that a place like New York has evolved over the years to be set up for late-night living beyond drinking in a way that the Bay Area has not. For example: Restaurants in the Bay Area often close before last call and outside of special occasions like New Year’s Eve, BART trains stop running at midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the expansion of late-night culture has to go beyond just letting bars stay open. Night owls need more options and increased safety. “Removing that negative stigma [of nightlife], I think, would be a plus — whether or not it’s good for business,” says Ruiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Next Steps For Late Night\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before we can find out if those extra party hours are even wanted by Californians, Wiener’s bill has to get past California’s new governor, Gavin Newsom, this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some speculate that Newsom is more likely to approve the bill because of his history in the hospitality business as the former owner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.plumpjack.com/\">PlumpJack\u003c/a>, the multimillion-dollar winery and hotel business \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-governor-newsom-business-conflicts-20181220-story.html\">that he placed in a blind trust when he became governor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember: Even if SB 58 is approved, the extension of bar hours in California wouldn’t be happening until 2022. For the next few years, at least, 2 a.m. is here to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>California’s 2 a.m. last call frustrates a lot of people. KQED listener Tara Downey even gets a little \u003cem>embarrassed\u003c/em> by it when out-of-town friends visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have friends that live in New York, and so when they come back here it’s a little bit of a shock to them,” she explains. “They’re kind of like ‘OK, where do we go next?’ And … there’s not really an answer for that. We go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she wants to know why last call is so early in San Francisco compared to other big cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768351\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11768351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38611_DSC_1253-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bay Curious listener Tara Downey, who asked us: “Why does nightlife in San Francisco end so early compared with other big cities around the world?” \u003ccite>(Carly Severn / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, the idea that California nightlife ends early depends on your definition of early. After all, we’ve got the same last call as Minnesota, Montana and New Mexico, and we can party one hour later than states like Maine, Delaware and Rhode Island. We’ve even got a whole two hours on most of Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s New York City, with a 4 a.m. last call, and people in Indiana and West Virginia can have their last drink at 3 a.m., while Las Vegas and New Orleans are 24-hour drinking towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our 2 a.m. last call has been in place since 1913. But what Tara didn’t know is that all this might change very soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state Sen. Scott Wiener, who represents San Francisco and northern San Mateo County, is the author of the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB58\">“Last Call” State Bill 58\u003c/a> (SB 58), which proposes extending California’s closing times to 4 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768355\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11768355\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38610_DSC_1249-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California state Sen. Scott Wiener, the author of SB 58, which proposes extending last call to 4 a.m. \u003ccite>(Carly Severn / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wiener’s bill suggests a pilot program of 10 cities, including Sacramento, San Francisco, Oakland, Los Angeles, West Hollywood, Long Beach, Coachella, Cathedral City, Fresno and Palm Springs. Under the plan, cities would get the ability to choose last call — neighborhood by neighborhood. “Whether you’re in downtown L.A. or a small farm town, we’re trying to create more local flexibility around nightlife,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\">Why Extend Last Call? \u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>To Wiener, nightlife is critical to our culture. To hear him tell it, SB 58 almost sounds like a battle for a city’s soul: An enabling of more music, more dancing and more creative expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people say, ‘Oh, nothing good happens after midnight, let alone after 1 a.m.,’” says Wiener. “And it’s a nice joke to make, but it is actually a joke. It’s false.. a lot of beautiful things happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to mention, the Bay Area is an internationally renowned hub of LGBTQ culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the LGBT community, our bars and nightclubs are not just a place to go out. It’s about building community. And for so many of us — myself included — we found our community in the nightclubs, in the bars. And in so many parts of this country sometimes that’s like the only place you can go and really just be with your community, in a safe space,” Wiener says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nightlife is also an economic driver. In San Francisco alone, the nightlife industry includes over 3,500 businesses that create more than 60,000 jobs here, \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.org/entertainment/sites/default/files/SFEC%20AnnualReport_FY16-17%20FY17-18.pdf\">according to the city’s own numbers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Late-Night Critics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This is Wiener’s third try at extending California’s nightlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, when he last introduced a similar bill, then-Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13841872/jerry-brown-vetoes-4am-nightlife-bill-for-california-cities\">vetoed it with the words: “I believe we have enough mischief from midnight to 2 without adding two more hours of mayhem.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brown added that he was worried about the link between more drinking hours and more DUIs. \u003c/span>Groups like the California Alcohol Policy Alliance (CAPA) later \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/alcohol-justice-is-reporting-sb-905-wieners-4-am-bar-bill-fails-governor-brown-vetoes-the-dangerous-experiment-300721323.html\">described Brown’s 2018 veto as “a great victory for the health and well-being of all Californians”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While everyone can agree that drunken driving is bad, some dispute how many more DUIs would actually be caused by a later last call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term studies conducted in \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071169\">New York\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047235207000839?via%3Dihub\">Minnesota\u003c/a> have drawn connections between closing times and DUI frequency, but the authors of the latter acknowledged the likely influence of additional policing. Less controversial studies,\u003ca href=\"http://alcoholjustice.org/images/reports/reports-full/LATE-NIGHT-THREAT-final.pdf\"> like those cited by CAPA\u003c/a>, examined the effects of closing times over multiple years and also found a correlation. However, critics contest that those were all conducted in other countries, like Australia and Norway, and may not be as relevant in places like San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you say ‘No, we’re going to restrict nightlife’, you just start seeing illegal nightlife,” says Wiener. “People are still going to have parties. They’re just going to do it in a way that’s less safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety questions aside: Is the Bay Area really ready for an extra two hours of nightlife?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are You Ready For This?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>David Ruiz is a bartender and owner of several bars in San Francisco, including Junior. He says that while clubs will probably welcome those two extra party hours, he doesn’t see a great demand for a later last call among his cocktail clientele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11768357\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11768357\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/RS38609_DSC_1263-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Ruiz, bartender and bar owner in San Francisco \u003ccite>(Carly Severn / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On occasion we have to shuffle some people out [at 2 a.m.],” he says. “But I would say people aren’t ‘going hard’ to last call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000;\">When you consider the long working hours for many industries, the long commutes necessitated by steep city rental markets and the cost of alcoholic drinks in the Bay Area, you may ask yourself: Why \u003cem>would\u003c/em> people want to stay out?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ruiz’s experience, San Francisco drinkers are increasingly more concerned with sampling new craft beers, or savoring certain spirits in their own sweet time than lining up the shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like the whole just-getting-really-wasted vibe is kind of on its way out,” he says, pointing to what he sees as an increasingly health-conscious culture in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People here, he says, are also surrounded by tempting outdoor opportunities — like camping and river rafting — and “awesome weekend trips which, again, affects that nightlife culture on the weekends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individual demand aside, Ruiz notes, it’s important to remember that a place like New York has evolved over the years to be set up for late-night living beyond drinking in a way that the Bay Area has not. For example: Restaurants in the Bay Area often close before last call and outside of special occasions like New Year’s Eve, BART trains stop running at midnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the expansion of late-night culture has to go beyond just letting bars stay open. Night owls need more options and increased safety. “Removing that negative stigma [of nightlife], I think, would be a plus — whether or not it’s good for business,” says Ruiz.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Next Steps For Late Night\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before we can find out if those extra party hours are even wanted by Californians, Wiener’s bill has to get past California’s new governor, Gavin Newsom, this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some speculate that Newsom is more likely to approve the bill because of his history in the hospitality business as the former owner of \u003ca href=\"https://www.plumpjack.com/\">PlumpJack\u003c/a>, the multimillion-dollar winery and hotel business \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-governor-newsom-business-conflicts-20181220-story.html\">that he placed in a blind trust when he became governor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember: Even if SB 58 is approved, the extension of bar hours in California wouldn’t be happening until 2022. For the next few years, at least, 2 a.m. is here to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Frustrated by Shallow Friendships? Here's How to Deepen Them",
"headTitle": "Frustrated by Shallow Friendships? Here’s How to Deepen Them | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Last week, Bay Curious examined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11765697/how-to-find-new-friends\">how to find potential friends\u003c/a>, this week we look at how to become closer friends with someone. To hear this weeks episode click the play button at the top of the page.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you’re trying to become better friends with someone, but before we get to tips let’s look at what “better” really means.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Philosopher’s Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of us tend to group friends into a few different categories — casual friends, friends and close friends. Aristotle had his own groupings: utility, pleasure, and “the good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of utility\u003c/strong> are those whose friendships make life easier, like coworkers, classmates or the barista who occasionally gives you free coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of pleasure\u003c/strong> are the friends who you have fun with, whose company you enjoy or share your hobbies. This could include people you like to go running with, to dance with, or who are in your bookclub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of “the good”\u003c/strong> are unsurprisingly Aristotle’s favorite. These are friends who have great virtues — whose values you share and admire. This might be a friend who cares for people in an admirable way or who pursues justice in a way you appreciate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these groupings are not exclusive to one another. Friends can fit into one, both or all three of these categories. But to Aristotle, if you want a\u003cem> close\u003c/em> friendship, you’re going to have to look at your values and befriend people whose virtues you admire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those of us who group people by casual friends, friends and close friends, we’ve put together a few tips on how to level up your friendships.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #1: Put In The Time\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas says you’ll need to spend a lot of time with a friend to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes between 40 and 60 hours to be able to become a casual friend. Then roughly 80 to 100 hours to become a friend. And over 200 hours to become a close your best friend,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may be surprising that you can quantify friendship, Hall says those numbers signify more than just time, they signify priorities. “When you like someone, prioritize spending more time with them doing a variety of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall says the time you spend with your friend crush can’t just be passive. Sitting next to a person at work everyday does not solidify friendship. You need to do things together (walks in the park, cooking dinner, watching a movie) or you have to talk to them (having meaningful conversations, catching up or joking around).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is some evidence that men prefer friendships where they have something to do when they are together… like helping each other with a project or something,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #2: Context Shift\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>“You can develop closeness in friendships through asking people to spend time with you outside the place you met. So inviting people to spend time with you outside of work or school, if you met there,” says Hall, who’s working with a graduate student at the University of Kansas to publish a paper on the topic. “It also establishes that they’re not only someone you want to spend time with, but someone you might want to get to know in a different way, by being outside the context where you met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be scary to ask someone to context shift, but it might be less intimidating if you can invite your potential friend to an experience they might enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #3: Call Them Back\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>For all kinds of friendships to survive, they have to be reciprocal. Both people need to be making an effort, both people need to have similar levels of reciprocity to survive. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222425516_The_Dynamics_of_a_Mobile_Phone_Network\">study\u003c/a> found that returning someone’s call is the greatest predictor of a lasting relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #4: Flaws and All (Don’t Go Too Fast)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There are a handful of studies on how to become more likable. Two methods include confiding in others and showing your flaws. But Hall points out that if you use those as \u003cem>intentional\u003c/em> strategies it could come off as strange and socially awkward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the risks of saying some oddball fact about myself, or offering some way in which I’m flawed, might come off as needy or over-disclosing too early in the friendship,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall also adds that most people self-disclose, or share secrets, with people they already like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s feeling a sense of affinity for someone else … we tell them more about ourselves because we’ve established a sense of trust and responsiveness when someone is a great listener,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while you could try to endear someone to you by revealing flaws and telling secrets, feel it out and see if the moment and the person are right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To hear more about the how to deepen friendships and the potential role of government in reducing loneliness, listen to the episode by clicking the play button at the top of the page.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Last week, Bay Curious examined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11765697/how-to-find-new-friends\">how to find potential friends\u003c/a>, this week we look at how to become closer friends with someone. To hear this weeks episode click the play button at the top of the page.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you’re trying to become better friends with someone, but before we get to tips let’s look at what “better” really means.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Philosopher’s Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of us tend to group friends into a few different categories — casual friends, friends and close friends. Aristotle had his own groupings: utility, pleasure, and “the good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of utility\u003c/strong> are those whose friendships make life easier, like coworkers, classmates or the barista who occasionally gives you free coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of pleasure\u003c/strong> are the friends who you have fun with, whose company you enjoy or share your hobbies. This could include people you like to go running with, to dance with, or who are in your bookclub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Friendships of “the good”\u003c/strong> are unsurprisingly Aristotle’s favorite. These are friends who have great virtues — whose values you share and admire. This might be a friend who cares for people in an admirable way or who pursues justice in a way you appreciate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these groupings are not exclusive to one another. Friends can fit into one, both or all three of these categories. But to Aristotle, if you want a\u003cem> close\u003c/em> friendship, you’re going to have to look at your values and befriend people whose virtues you admire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those of us who group people by casual friends, friends and close friends, we’ve put together a few tips on how to level up your friendships.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #1: Put In The Time\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas says you’ll need to spend a lot of time with a friend to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes between 40 and 60 hours to be able to become a casual friend. Then roughly 80 to 100 hours to become a friend. And over 200 hours to become a close your best friend,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it may be surprising that you can quantify friendship, Hall says those numbers signify more than just time, they signify priorities. “When you like someone, prioritize spending more time with them doing a variety of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall says the time you spend with your friend crush can’t just be passive. Sitting next to a person at work everyday does not solidify friendship. You need to do things together (walks in the park, cooking dinner, watching a movie) or you have to talk to them (having meaningful conversations, catching up or joking around).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is some evidence that men prefer friendships where they have something to do when they are together… like helping each other with a project or something,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #2: Context Shift\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>“You can develop closeness in friendships through asking people to spend time with you outside the place you met. So inviting people to spend time with you outside of work or school, if you met there,” says Hall, who’s working with a graduate student at the University of Kansas to publish a paper on the topic. “It also establishes that they’re not only someone you want to spend time with, but someone you might want to get to know in a different way, by being outside the context where you met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be scary to ask someone to context shift, but it might be less intimidating if you can invite your potential friend to an experience they might enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #3: Call Them Back\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>For all kinds of friendships to survive, they have to be reciprocal. Both people need to be making an effort, both people need to have similar levels of reciprocity to survive. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222425516_The_Dynamics_of_a_Mobile_Phone_Network\">study\u003c/a> found that returning someone’s call is the greatest predictor of a lasting relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Tip #4: Flaws and All (Don’t Go Too Fast)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>There are a handful of studies on how to become more likable. Two methods include confiding in others and showing your flaws. But Hall points out that if you use those as \u003cem>intentional\u003c/em> strategies it could come off as strange and socially awkward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the risks of saying some oddball fact about myself, or offering some way in which I’m flawed, might come off as needy or over-disclosing too early in the friendship,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall also adds that most people self-disclose, or share secrets, with people they already like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s feeling a sense of affinity for someone else … we tell them more about ourselves because we’ve established a sense of trust and responsiveness when someone is a great listener,” says Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while you could try to endear someone to you by revealing flaws and telling secrets, feel it out and see if the moment and the person are right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To hear more about the how to deepen friendships and the potential role of government in reducing loneliness, listen to the episode by clicking the play button at the top of the page.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There isn’t a clear path on how to make close friends. Some people find making friends even harder than dating. They say with romantic relationships there’s at least some semblance of steps: You ask a person out, you go out again, maybe you keep going on dates, maybe one person isn’t feeling it and the relationship ends, or perhaps both people are feeling it, you talk and then make your relationship “official”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Bay Curious received the question: “How do I make friends?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried reaching out to the question asker, but they never responded. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/report/loneliness-and-social-isolation-in-the-united-states-the-united-kingdom-and-japan-an-international-survey/\">surveys show many Americans often feel lonely,\u003c/a> and a lot of those lonely people also feel socially isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help our question asker, we’re going to start off with tips for finding potential friends, then next week we’ll talk about how to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click the audio player above to hear more examples, tips and studies on how to find friends.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Spend Time Socializing\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you want to find friends, it helps to prioritize socializing and to make time for it. People in their late teens and early 20s spend the most time per day socializing and communicating, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-leisure.htm\">2018 American Time Use Survey\u003c/a>, which may be correlated with young people having \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852646/\">the most friends\u003c/a> of any age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Propinquity\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Propinquity is essentially proximity or routine opportunities to get to know people. When socializing is convenient, it can speed up friendship formation. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a037506.pdf\">one study\u003c/a> looked at an apartment complex and found that people living on different floors are less likely to be friends, whereas people living near stairs or mailboxes are more likely to have friends on different floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If you want to lighten the legwork of finding a friend, you can always \u003ca href=\"http://www.levin.rutgers.edu/research/dormant-ties-paper.pdf\">reconnect with an old friend\u003c/a>. It builds on old trust while still providing the novelty of what you each have been up to lately.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Change Can Lead To New Friends\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you’re going through big life changes you’re often meeting new people and more open to befriending them. This could include starting at a new school, becoming a parent or switching careers. According to Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas, friends can be a huge part of identity formation. “Our friends help us become the people we want to be. We change in part because of their influence and partly because we’re trying to figure out who we are vis-a-vis them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Trust Your Gut\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you first meet someone, you often make decisions pretty quickly on whether that person could become a close friend. Some researchers say people often know by \u003ca href=\"https://clarkrelationshiplab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Differences%20in%20social%20exchange%20between%20intimate%20and%20other%20relationships_%20Gradually%20evolving%20or%20quickly%20apparent.pdf\">the second week\u003c/a>, while others find people recognize a potential friend \u003ca href=\"https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/sites/liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/files/psychology/research/ambady_bernieri_and_richeson_thin_slice_review.pdf\">immediately\u003c/a>. So similar to love at first sight, there can be friendship at first sight (though it isn’t always mutual).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Birds of a Feather\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>You’re more likely to be friends with people who are similar to you, and one study shows that friends even think alike. At \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02722-7\">Dartmouth, researchers\u003c/a> took brain scans of people while watching a series of short clips. They found people who had similar neural responses were more likely to be friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Don’t dismiss casual connections. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167214529799?journalCode=pspc\">Interacting with acquaintances\u003c/a> has a meaningful influence on well-being. This might be gossiping with your grocer, talking with another commuter on the bus or a person who also happens to work in your building. It can make you feel more connected to your world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Humor Matters\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Having a similar sense of humor is attractive in potential friends. Additionally, if people make you laugh,\u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1373\"> it makes you feel good\u003c/a> because it literally produces endorphins, which can help you to endure more pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do Things That Make You Happy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Do activities that make you happy in a social setting. Angie Thurston, who co-wrote “How We Gather,” which looks at how millennials form community, says working toward a shared mission larger than yourself is both fulfilling and effective in forming meaningful connections. “The experience of being of service to others can be the most profound and meaningful conduit to both the transformation of the human heart and also the experience of meaning and depth in community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There isn’t a clear path on how to make close friends. Some people find making friends even harder than dating. They say with romantic relationships there’s at least some semblance of steps: You ask a person out, you go out again, maybe you keep going on dates, maybe one person isn’t feeling it and the relationship ends, or perhaps both people are feeling it, you talk and then make your relationship “official”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Bay Curious received the question: “How do I make friends?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried reaching out to the question asker, but they never responded. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/other/report/loneliness-and-social-isolation-in-the-united-states-the-united-kingdom-and-japan-an-international-survey/\">surveys show many Americans often feel lonely,\u003c/a> and a lot of those lonely people also feel socially isolated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help our question asker, we’re going to start off with tips for finding potential friends, then next week we’ll talk about how to make them closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click the audio player above to hear more examples, tips and studies on how to find friends.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Spend Time Socializing\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>If you want to find friends, it helps to prioritize socializing and to make time for it. People in their late teens and early 20s spend the most time per day socializing and communicating, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-leisure.htm\">2018 American Time Use Survey\u003c/a>, which may be correlated with young people having \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4852646/\">the most friends\u003c/a> of any age group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Propinquity\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Propinquity is essentially proximity or routine opportunities to get to know people. When socializing is convenient, it can speed up friendship formation. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a037506.pdf\">one study\u003c/a> looked at an apartment complex and found that people living on different floors are less likely to be friends, whereas people living near stairs or mailboxes are more likely to have friends on different floors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If you want to lighten the legwork of finding a friend, you can always \u003ca href=\"http://www.levin.rutgers.edu/research/dormant-ties-paper.pdf\">reconnect with an old friend\u003c/a>. It builds on old trust while still providing the novelty of what you each have been up to lately.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Change Can Lead To New Friends\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you’re going through big life changes you’re often meeting new people and more open to befriending them. This could include starting at a new school, becoming a parent or switching careers. According to Jeffrey Hall, who studies friendship formation at the University of Kansas, friends can be a huge part of identity formation. “Our friends help us become the people we want to be. We change in part because of their influence and partly because we’re trying to figure out who we are vis-a-vis them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Trust Your Gut\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>When you first meet someone, you often make decisions pretty quickly on whether that person could become a close friend. Some researchers say people often know by \u003ca href=\"https://clarkrelationshiplab.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Differences%20in%20social%20exchange%20between%20intimate%20and%20other%20relationships_%20Gradually%20evolving%20or%20quickly%20apparent.pdf\">the second week\u003c/a>, while others find people recognize a potential friend \u003ca href=\"https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/sites/liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/files/psychology/research/ambady_bernieri_and_richeson_thin_slice_review.pdf\">immediately\u003c/a>. So similar to love at first sight, there can be friendship at first sight (though it isn’t always mutual).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Birds of a Feather\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>You’re more likely to be friends with people who are similar to you, and one study shows that friends even think alike. At \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-02722-7\">Dartmouth, researchers\u003c/a> took brain scans of people while watching a series of short clips. They found people who had similar neural responses were more likely to be friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Don’t dismiss casual connections. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0146167214529799?journalCode=pspc\">Interacting with acquaintances\u003c/a> has a meaningful influence on well-being. This might be gossiping with your grocer, talking with another commuter on the bus or a person who also happens to work in your building. It can make you feel more connected to your world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch4>Humor Matters\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Having a similar sense of humor is attractive in potential friends. Additionally, if people make you laugh,\u003ca href=\"https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rspb.2011.1373\"> it makes you feel good\u003c/a> because it literally produces endorphins, which can help you to endure more pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Do Things That Make You Happy\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Do activities that make you happy in a social setting. Angie Thurston, who co-wrote “How We Gather,” which looks at how millennials form community, says working toward a shared mission larger than yourself is both fulfilling and effective in forming meaningful connections. “The experience of being of service to others can be the most profound and meaningful conduit to both the transformation of the human heart and also the experience of meaning and depth in community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Isn't Local Seafood a Bigger Deal in the Bay Area?",
"headTitle": "Why Isn’t Local Seafood a Bigger Deal in the Bay Area? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Rayan Rafay was prepared to be blown away by Bay Area seafood when he moved here in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After growing up on the East Coast, he had been amazed by the seafood he encountered when he moved to Vancouver, British Columbia.[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just this like magical wonderland of seafood,” he said. “Chefs just did things with seafood on the West Coast that I’d never even imagined in my lemon butter world of fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay said he saw this in Vancouver, Seattle and Portland, and he assumed he would find the same thing when he moved to the Bay Area. After all, it’s a place with a long tradition of fishing and home to many immigrant groups — Chinese, Japanese, Italians and others — for whom fish play a big part in culture and diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay even went out on local waters with a commercial fisherman and caught his own rock cod and halibut. But back on land, he wasn’t seeing those local catches showing up on many local menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t find any of the fish that I’m pretty sure are right outside in the ocean,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: With the Pacific Ocean right there, \u003cstrong>why isn’t local seafood a bigger deal in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Show Me the Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like many things in the Bay Area, the seeming dearth of a robust local seafood scene can be traced in part to the cost of doing business — and that, in turn, can be traced to the region’s high real estate costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How expensive it is to stay in business in the Bay Area means that all of us who are in business are trying to find ways to cut costs, and we are cutting costs in the ingredients that we are using,” said Kenny Belov, who runs Fish restaurant in Sausalito and TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11762128 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lourdes Mendoza guts rockfish at TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on May 31, 2019. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area restaurants have to deal with high rents and high salaries among other costs, and adding in the volatility and uncertainty that comes with buying local, wild-caught seafood can make things even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s much easier and more economical, according to Belov, for restaurants to serve Atlantic salmon raised in fish farms. These fish provide a consistent supply at a consistent price all year long, but some see farmed salmon as an inferior product and potentially harmful to the oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Local Seafood Resources\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The latest data from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife shows the \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=159550&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 100 species\u003c/a> of seafood that are caught in the Bay Area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rates seafood\u003c/a> based on its sustainability. It also offers a \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/our-app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mobile app\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/-/m/sfw/pdf/guides/mba-seafoodwatch-west-coast-guide.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">printable consumer guides\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Ferry Plaza Farmers Market at the Ferry Building in San Francisco has a list of \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/eat-seasonally/charts/seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 local seafood options\u003c/a> sold seasonally at its market.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/99587/bay-area-bites-guide-to-8-places-to-buy-fresh-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Bites Guide to 8 Great Places to Buy Fresh Fish\u003c/a> (KQED)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/recipes/article/The-seafood-calendar-What-s-in-season-locally-6403686.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The seafood calendar: What’s in season locally\u003c/a> (San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wholesale farmed salmon sells for around $8 per pound year-round, while wild-caught salmon is going for closer to $20 per pound this year, and isn’t guaranteed to be available every day even in season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belov doesn’t offer farmed salmon at Fish restaurant or TwoXSea, instead choosing to only buy and serve seafood that can be traced all the way back to the boat it was caught on and the person who reeled it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me that’s what makes food taste better. It’s not just food on a plate. It’s the story of the men and women who work so hard to get those ingredients,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he knows doing that raises his costs, and he says part of the reason more restaurants aren’t willing to take on those extra costs is because there’s not enough demand from consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like when it comes to seafood we just don’t want to pay a lot for it,” Belov said of Bay Area diners. “We’re still kind of in that fish-stick mentality of it’s cheap, it’s protein and it’s abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, consumers in places like China and Japan are more than willing to pay top dollar for many of the region’s top catches, including crab, spiny lobster and black cod.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Salmon for sale at Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locally caught chinook salmon for sale at the Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Where Are the Fish?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s not just about the demand; the supply of wild-caught Bay Area seafood has been in flux in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California fisheries, including chinook salmon, Dungeness crab and rockfish, have been curtailed or temporarily shut down in recent years due to population declines traced to overfishing, water diversions, habitat destruction and drought, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of fish that we can actually catch has gone way down,” said Mike Hudson, who has worked as a commercial fisherman in the Bay Area for decades, catching mostly salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson remembers years when the region’s chinook salmon season netted more than a million fish in just a few months. But the salmon fishery was completely shut down in 2008 and 2009, and it has been carefully managed ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson off-loads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson offloads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-salmon-season-nears-with-hopes-of-a-13772919.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant restrictions\u003c/a> placed on salmon season the past three years, resulting in fewer fish and prices jumping to around $30 to $35 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People used to come to our farmers markets and buy 2 pounds of salmon or 4 pounds of salmon for their family for the entire week,” Hudson said. “Now the same people come and they buy half a pound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to restore habitat, improve salmon hatchery practices and recent wet winters have fishermen like Hudson \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-fishermen-report-the-biggest-salmon-14028875.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feeling optimistic\u003c/a> about the upcoming and future salmon seasons, but the salmon population is still far from the million-fish seasons of Hudson’s early days, and a fillet still costs around $20 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Knowledge Is Power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But it’s not all about how much local, wild-caught seafood costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also just a lack of awareness,” said Jana Hennig, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.positivelygroundfish.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Positively Groundfish\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that promotes groundfish caught on the West Coast. “Most people just don’t know what is even a local species here in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the 90 or so species of groundfish that Hennig works with — which include Pacific cod, rockfish and sole — aren’t as expensive as better-known Dungeness crab or chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because many consumers aren’t as aware of the breadth of local options, Hennig said many Bay Area chefs are hesitant to feature them on their menu, even with the low cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If more people actually went to restaurants and said, ‘Hey, do you have any local seafood? And do you ever serve rockfish?’ They’d be far more inclined to actually put it on the menu,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rayan Rafay was prepared to be blown away by Bay Area seafood when he moved here in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After growing up on the East Coast, he had been amazed by the seafood he encountered when he moved to Vancouver, British Columbia.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just this like magical wonderland of seafood,” he said. “Chefs just did things with seafood on the West Coast that I’d never even imagined in my lemon butter world of fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay said he saw this in Vancouver, Seattle and Portland, and he assumed he would find the same thing when he moved to the Bay Area. After all, it’s a place with a long tradition of fishing and home to many immigrant groups — Chinese, Japanese, Italians and others — for whom fish play a big part in culture and diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafay even went out on local waters with a commercial fisherman and caught his own rock cod and halibut. But back on land, he wasn’t seeing those local catches showing up on many local menus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t find any of the fish that I’m pretty sure are right outside in the ocean,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>: With the Pacific Ocean right there, \u003cstrong>why isn’t local seafood a bigger deal in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Show Me the Money\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like many things in the Bay Area, the seeming dearth of a robust local seafood scene can be traced in part to the cost of doing business — and that, in turn, can be traced to the region’s high real estate costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How expensive it is to stay in business in the Bay Area means that all of us who are in business are trying to find ways to cut costs, and we are cutting costs in the ingredients that we are using,” said Kenny Belov, who runs Fish restaurant in Sausalito and TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762128\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11762128 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS37415_IMG_1609-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lourdes Mendoza guts rockfish at TwoXSea, a seafood wholesaler at Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco on May 31, 2019. \u003ccite>(Audrey Garces/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area restaurants have to deal with high rents and high salaries among other costs, and adding in the volatility and uncertainty that comes with buying local, wild-caught seafood can make things even tougher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s much easier and more economical, according to Belov, for restaurants to serve Atlantic salmon raised in fish farms. These fish provide a consistent supply at a consistent price all year long, but some see farmed salmon as an inferior product and potentially harmful to the oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Local Seafood Resources\u003c/strong>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The latest data from the California Department of Fish and Wildlife shows the \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=159550&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 100 species\u003c/a> of seafood that are caught in the Bay Area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rates seafood\u003c/a> based on its sustainability. It also offers a \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/seafood-recommendations/our-app\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mobile app\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.seafoodwatch.org/-/m/sfw/pdf/guides/mba-seafoodwatch-west-coast-guide.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">printable consumer guides\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Ferry Plaza Farmers Market at the Ferry Building in San Francisco has a list of \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/eat-seasonally/charts/seafood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 local seafood options\u003c/a> sold seasonally at its market.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/99587/bay-area-bites-guide-to-8-places-to-buy-fresh-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Bites Guide to 8 Great Places to Buy Fresh Fish\u003c/a> (KQED)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/recipes/article/The-seafood-calendar-What-s-in-season-locally-6403686.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The seafood calendar: What’s in season locally\u003c/a> (San Francisco Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wholesale farmed salmon sells for around $8 per pound year-round, while wild-caught salmon is going for closer to $20 per pound this year, and isn’t guaranteed to be available every day even in season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belov doesn’t offer farmed salmon at Fish restaurant or TwoXSea, instead choosing to only buy and serve seafood that can be traced all the way back to the boat it was caught on and the person who reeled it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me that’s what makes food taste better. It’s not just food on a plate. It’s the story of the men and women who work so hard to get those ingredients,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he knows doing that raises his costs, and he says part of the reason more restaurants aren’t willing to take on those extra costs is because there’s not enough demand from consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like when it comes to seafood we just don’t want to pay a lot for it,” Belov said of Bay Area diners. “We’re still kind of in that fish-stick mentality of it’s cheap, it’s protein and it’s abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, consumers in places like China and Japan are more than willing to pay top dollar for many of the region’s top catches, including crab, spiny lobster and black cod.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Salmon for sale at Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38122_IMG_3927-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locally caught chinook salmon for sale at the Berkeley Bowl on June 22, 2019. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Where Are the Fish?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s not just about the demand; the supply of wild-caught Bay Area seafood has been in flux in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California fisheries, including chinook salmon, Dungeness crab and rockfish, have been curtailed or temporarily shut down in recent years due to population declines traced to overfishing, water diversions, habitat destruction and drought, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of fish that we can actually catch has gone way down,” said Mike Hudson, who has worked as a commercial fisherman in the Bay Area for decades, catching mostly salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson remembers years when the region’s chinook salmon season netted more than a million fish in just a few months. But the salmon fishery was completely shut down in 2008 and 2009, and it has been carefully managed ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11762130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11762130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson off-loads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38123_IMG_7086-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Commercial fisherman Mike Hudson offloads a boat full of chinook salmon at Pillar Point Harbor in Half Moon Bay. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-salmon-season-nears-with-hopes-of-a-13772919.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">significant restrictions\u003c/a> placed on salmon season the past three years, resulting in fewer fish and prices jumping to around $30 to $35 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People used to come to our farmers markets and buy 2 pounds of salmon or 4 pounds of salmon for their family for the entire week,” Hudson said. “Now the same people come and they buy half a pound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to restore habitat, improve salmon hatchery practices and recent wet winters have fishermen like Hudson \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/California-fishermen-report-the-biggest-salmon-14028875.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">feeling optimistic\u003c/a> about the upcoming and future salmon seasons, but the salmon population is still far from the million-fish seasons of Hudson’s early days, and a fillet still costs around $20 per pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Knowledge Is Power\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But it’s not all about how much local, wild-caught seafood costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also just a lack of awareness,” said Jana Hennig, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.positivelygroundfish.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Positively Groundfish\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that promotes groundfish caught on the West Coast. “Most people just don’t know what is even a local species here in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the 90 or so species of groundfish that Hennig works with — which include Pacific cod, rockfish and sole — aren’t as expensive as better-known Dungeness crab or chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because many consumers aren’t as aware of the breadth of local options, Hennig said many Bay Area chefs are hesitant to feature them on their menu, even with the low cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If more people actually went to restaurants and said, ‘Hey, do you have any local seafood? And do you ever serve rockfish?’ They’d be far more inclined to actually put it on the menu,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Yes, Your 'Tropical' Mai Tai Was Invented Here in Oakland",
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"content": "\u003cp>You’re sitting on the beach, sand between your toes, sunglasses on. What else could make this picture complete? How about a Mai Tai?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This rum cocktail makes many of us think of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always thought the Mai Tai came from Hawaii,” says Bay Curious listener Terese O’Malley from Oakland. “But then I noticed a few tiki bars in the Oakland area claiming the invention of the Mai Tai. I thought, ‘could this be real? Or is this a myth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked Bay Curious to get to the bottom of it. And so … we did!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full web version of this episode: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11755932/an-island-drink-with-california-roots-the-mai-tai-turns-75\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">An Island Drink With California Roots: The Mai Tai Turns 75\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is part of our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/golden-state-plate/\">Golden State Plate\u003c/a>, produced in collaboration with The California Report Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to catch our other episodes about the Bay Area’s cocktail creations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621844/the-true-history-of-irish-coffee-and-its-san-francisco-origins\">The True History of Irish Coffee and Its San Francisco Origins\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715542/who-invented-the-martini-a-bay-area-story-with-a-twist\">Who Invented the Martini? A Bay Area Story, With a Twist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11729394/this-pricey-san-francisco-cocktail-was-a-gold-rush-knockout\">This Pricey San Francisco Cocktail Was a Gold Rush Knockout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Reported by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sracho?lang=en\">Suzie Racho. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Robert Speight, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Victoria Mauleon, Ceil Mueller, Sasha Khokha, Ethan Lindsey, Pat Yollin and David Weir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious/\">Ask us a question\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/bay-curious\">sign up for our Bay Curious newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter \u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chttps://twitter.com/oallenprice%E2%80%9D\">@oallenprice.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You’re sitting on the beach, sand between your toes, sunglasses on. What else could make this picture complete? How about a Mai Tai?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This rum cocktail makes many of us think of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always thought the Mai Tai came from Hawaii,” says Bay Curious listener Terese O’Malley from Oakland. “But then I noticed a few tiki bars in the Oakland area claiming the invention of the Mai Tai. I thought, ‘could this be real? Or is this a myth?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked Bay Curious to get to the bottom of it. And so … we did!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full web version of this episode: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11755932/an-island-drink-with-california-roots-the-mai-tai-turns-75\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">An Island Drink With California Roots: The Mai Tai Turns 75\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is part of our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/golden-state-plate/\">Golden State Plate\u003c/a>, produced in collaboration with The California Report Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to catch our other episodes about the Bay Area’s cocktail creations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621844/the-true-history-of-irish-coffee-and-its-san-francisco-origins\">The True History of Irish Coffee and Its San Francisco Origins\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715542/who-invented-the-martini-a-bay-area-story-with-a-twist\">Who Invented the Martini? A Bay Area Story, With a Twist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11729394/this-pricey-san-francisco-cocktail-was-a-gold-rush-knockout\">This Pricey San Francisco Cocktail Was a Gold Rush Knockout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Reported by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sracho?lang=en\">Suzie Racho. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is made by Olivia Allen-Price, Jessica Placzek, Robert Speight, Paul Lancour and Ryan Levi. Additional support from Julie Caine, Suzie Racho, Victoria Mauleon, Ceil Mueller, Sasha Khokha, Ethan Lindsey, Pat Yollin and David Weir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theme music by Pat Mesiti-Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious/\">Ask us a question\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/bay-curious\">sign up for our Bay Curious newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow Olivia Allen-Price on Twitter \u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chttps://twitter.com/oallenprice%E2%80%9D\">@oallenprice.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "No, Earthquake Weather Is Not a Real Thing",
"headTitle": "No, Earthquake Weather Is Not a Real Thing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and fast forward to 9:20.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave\u003c/a> in early June, a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kedana01/status/1138824822480285697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people\u003c/a> were calling it “earthquake weather” and felt a little more cautious moving around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]Hiro Sato of San Mateo has heard people in the Bay Area talk about earthquake weather. He asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, “Is there actually any correlation between weather and earthquakes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, no. There’s no such thing as earthquake weather. The idea goes all the way back to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/there-earthquake-weather?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aristotle in ancient Greece\u003c/a>, but it’s just not a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious asked KQED Science editor Craig Miller to unpack the meteorological myth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for clarity.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>BC: What is earthquake weather?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: I think it may depend on where you live. There are different notions of it around the world. In California, the notion of earthquake weather is typically warmer than usual and still. There’s a lack of wind. It’s almost kind of like this eerie calm before the storm feeling. If you look back at the \u003ca href=\"http://1989quake.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, for example, in October 1989, I recall the weather was kind of like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: Spooky. Is it true then?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: No. A couple of years ago a contributing geologist to KQED \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/26/what-shall-we-do-about-earthquake-weather/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a piece\u003c/a> on this, postulating that the stillness in a place that is usually pretty breezy can give one a sense that the earth is holding its breath. So it might cause us to hold our collective breaths, to wait and wonder what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no, earthquakes are a geological thing and not a meteorological thing, and there is no known connection between the weather and earthquakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: However, in your reporting you’ve found an interesting twist on this myth. Can you talk about that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: This dates back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/145601/quake-rolls-through-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6.0 earthquake in Napa\u003c/a> five years ago. A scientist at the University of Nevada started looking at [earthquakes] and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925744/study-2014-napa-quake-may-be-linked-to-groundwater-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparing them\u003c/a> to the location of groundwater reserves and the natural fluctuations in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11756603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11756603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on August 24, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1200x835.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on Aug. 24, 2014. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seasonally, groundwater aquifers fill up in the winter and spring, and then get depleted later in the season. This might be especially true in agricultural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens is the reduced weight of that water pressure underground might release or unlock faults so that they’re more likely to slip. The study even suggests that this may have played a role in the Napa earthquake. So while there’s no earthquake weather, there could be an earthquake season in the late summer or early fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: That is wild.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: And if you go back and you look at when the Napa quake happened, it was late summer, in August. The Loma Prieta was in October during that time of year when the groundwater is lessening in its pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and fast forward to 9:20.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heat wave\u003c/a> in early June, a lot of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kedana01/status/1138824822480285697\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people\u003c/a> were calling it “earthquake weather” and felt a little more cautious moving around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Hiro Sato of San Mateo has heard people in the Bay Area talk about earthquake weather. He asked \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, “Is there actually any correlation between weather and earthquakes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, no. There’s no such thing as earthquake weather. The idea goes all the way back to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/there-earthquake-weather?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aristotle in ancient Greece\u003c/a>, but it’s just not a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious asked KQED Science editor Craig Miller to unpack the meteorological myth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for clarity.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>BC: What is earthquake weather?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: I think it may depend on where you live. There are different notions of it around the world. In California, the notion of earthquake weather is typically warmer than usual and still. There’s a lack of wind. It’s almost kind of like this eerie calm before the storm feeling. If you look back at the \u003ca href=\"http://1989quake.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, for example, in October 1989, I recall the weather was kind of like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: Spooky. Is it true then?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: No. A couple of years ago a contributing geologist to KQED \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/07/26/what-shall-we-do-about-earthquake-weather/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a piece\u003c/a> on this, postulating that the stillness in a place that is usually pretty breezy can give one a sense that the earth is holding its breath. So it might cause us to hold our collective breaths, to wait and wonder what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no, earthquakes are a geological thing and not a meteorological thing, and there is no known connection between the weather and earthquakes themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: However, in your reporting you’ve found an interesting twist on this myth. Can you talk about that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: This dates back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/145601/quake-rolls-through-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">6.0 earthquake in Napa\u003c/a> five years ago. A scientist at the University of Nevada started looking at [earthquakes] and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925744/study-2014-napa-quake-may-be-linked-to-groundwater-changes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comparing them\u003c/a> to the location of groundwater reserves and the natural fluctuations in the earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11756603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11756603\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on August 24, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut-1200x835.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS37866_GettyImages-454098700-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cracks slice through a United States Post Office building in downtown Napa after a 6.0 earthquake struck the area on Aug. 24, 2014. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seasonally, groundwater aquifers fill up in the winter and spring, and then get depleted later in the season. This might be especially true in agricultural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens is the reduced weight of that water pressure underground might release or unlock faults so that they’re more likely to slip. The study even suggests that this may have played a role in the Napa earthquake. So while there’s no earthquake weather, there could be an earthquake season in the late summer or early fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BC: That is wild.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CM: And if you go back and you look at when the Napa quake happened, it was late summer, in August. The Loma Prieta was in October during that time of year when the groundwater is lessening in its pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Is Gas So Expensive in the Bay Area?",
"headTitle": "Why Is Gas So Expensive in the Bay Area? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and go to 4:45.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all know things cost more in the Bay Area: housing, lattes, tempeh burritos the size of your forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the places this is most clear is at the gas pump. The \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA#state-metro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national average\u003c/a> for a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline right now is around $2.70, according to AAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization says California’s statewide average is $3.74, and in the Bay Area, average prices range from $3.68 in the Vallejo-Fairfield area to $3.87 in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global crude oil prices are the biggest determining factor of what gas costs, but those for the most part aren’t going to affect California or the Bay Area differently from other parts of the country. So what accounts for our drastic difference in cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Know: Taxes and the Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of what makes gas more expensive in the Bay Area is true statewide as well: The price is high because of higher taxes and stricter environmental restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California taxes on gasoline involve a combination of state and local charges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Gasoline excise tax of 41.7 cents a gallon (47.3 cents after July 1)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gasoline sales tax: 2.25%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Local sales taxes, which in the Bay Area range up to 2.5%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Underground storage tank maintenance fee: 2 cents a gallon\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Adding together all those charges comes to something in the neighborhood of 55 cents per gallon, according to the American Petroleum Institute. Keep in mind we also pay a federal excise tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on top of all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our state gas taxes are second-highest in the country behind Pennsylvania’s 58.2 cents. And on July 1, we’ll leapfrog Pennsylvania when that 5.6-cent increase kicks in. It’s worth noting that even with its high tax, Pennsylvania’s gas prices are about a buck cheaper per gallon on average than California’s.[aside postID='news_11756861,news_11752024,news_11754005,news_11751084,news_11745576' label='Gasoline and the Bay Area']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the environmental side, we fork out extra because of the state’s cap-and-trade program — which requires several industries, including fuel wholesalers, to cut down on carbon emissions — as well as California’s low carbon fuel standard. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article219331435.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulation\u003c/a> directly targets fuel producers and requires them to limit the creation of greenhouse gases in the production, transportation and use of fuel in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual amounts of these extra environmental costs fluctuate on a regular basis, but right now cap-and-trade costs us an additional 14 cents per gallon and the low carbon fuel standard adds another 13 cents, according to Severin Borenstein, the faculty director of UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute, who has studied gas prices for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the extra cost of refining California’s gasoline. We pay an extra 5 to 10 cents per gallon because the California Air Resources Board requires that the gas we put into our cars be made from a formula producing less air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borenstein is quick to point out that these extra costs have real benefits when it comes to combating climate change and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that California has been able to much more effectively clean up our air quality,” Borenstein said. “If you’re in the middle of Los Angeles and you look toward the mountains, you now see the mountains, which wasn’t the case 30 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But adding up the environmental costs and the gas taxes doesn’t get you anywhere near the current difference between what Californians pay at the pump versus the rest of the country. So what about the rest?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Don’t Know: ‘Mystery Gas Surcharge’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Prior to 2015, the (gas price) differential between California and the rest of the country was pretty much completely explained by our higher taxes and environmental fees and the cost of making our cleaner gasoline,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2015, a new price gap of 20 to 30 cents opened up, one that neither Borenstein — nor anyone else — can find the cause of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started on Feb. 18, 2015, after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-exxon-mobil-refinery-20170502-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explosion\u003c/a> at an Exxon refinery in Torrance, just outside Los Angeles. The refinery was shut down for more than a year, and gas prices in the state shot up, as they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually do\u003c/a> when a refinery goes offline unexpectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These unplanned outages are an even bigger issue in California because the state is what’s known as a “petroleum island.” We don’t have pipelines connecting refineries in Los Angeles to those in the Bay Area or to the rest of the country. Plus, not many refineries make the special better-for-the-environment gasoline that the state requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s a production gap, there are only a few places gas stations can turn to, and that gas has to come in by ship, which costs more and can take weeks to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Borenstein, it usually takes a month or two for gas prices to come back down after that kind of spike. But after the 2015 explosion, “that just didn’t happen, and ever since then we’ve seen this additional differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This additional differential is what Borenstein calls the “mystery gasoline surcharge.” He says right now it’s costing Californians about $20 million per day in higher fuel costs — and $20 billion and counting since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if it’s because (gasoline suppliers) are gouging, or because there is some additional cost that hasn’t been accounted for and that cropped up in 2015,” Borenstein said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/07fd475d-fa63-4e8a-8d06-8071dca2711f?src=embed\" title=\"California Gas Taxes\" width=\"700\" height=\"835\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we do know is that many Californians get their gas from big-name brands, including Chevron, Shell, Exxon, Mobil and 76, which charge 11 to 16 cents more per gallon than ARCO, unbranded gas stations and grocery stores like Costco and Safeway that also sell gas, according to the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a preliminary report from the commission last month, “While this practice is not necessarily illegal, it may be an effort of a segment of the market to artificially inflate prices to the detriment of California consumers and could account for at least part of the price differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There Anything We Can Do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January, 19 state legislators asked Attorney General Xavier Becerra to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/29/a-20-cent-mystery-surcharge-on-gas-california-lawmakers-ask-ag-to-find-out-why/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">look into\u003c/a> the mystery gasoline surcharge, and in April, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Newsom-calls-for-investigation-into-13789550.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked\u003c/a> the California Energy Commission to look into the state’s high gas prices. The commission quickly produced the report quoted above and asked for more time to do a deeper investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am hopeful that between the attorney general’s office and the California Energy Commission, they will be able to get to the bottom of what’s going on and bring our gas prices down a bit,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, there are a few things Borenstein said consumers can do to try to save themselves a little pain at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommended buying gas from off-brand retailers, planning ahead so you don’t end up having to fuel up in an especially expensive place like downtown San Francisco, and getting a more fuel-efficient car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you buy a car that gets 30 miles to the gallon instead of 20 miles to the gallon, that is the equivalent of cutting the price of gasoline by a third,” he said. “So it really makes sense to think about the fuel efficiency of the car you drive.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>To listen to this story, click the play button above and go to 4:45.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all know things cost more in the Bay Area: housing, lattes, tempeh burritos the size of your forearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the places this is most clear is at the gas pump. The \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA#state-metro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national average\u003c/a> for a gallon of unleaded regular gasoline right now is around $2.70, according to AAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization says California’s statewide average is $3.74, and in the Bay Area, average prices range from $3.68 in the Vallejo-Fairfield area to $3.87 in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global crude oil prices are the biggest determining factor of what gas costs, but those for the most part aren’t going to affect California or the Bay Area differently from other parts of the country. So what accounts for our drastic difference in cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Know: Taxes and the Environment\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most of what makes gas more expensive in the Bay Area is true statewide as well: The price is high because of higher taxes and stricter environmental restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California taxes on gasoline involve a combination of state and local charges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Gasoline excise tax of 41.7 cents a gallon (47.3 cents after July 1)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gasoline sales tax: 2.25%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Local sales taxes, which in the Bay Area range up to 2.5%\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Underground storage tank maintenance fee: 2 cents a gallon\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Adding together all those charges comes to something in the neighborhood of 55 cents per gallon, according to the American Petroleum Institute. Keep in mind we also pay a federal excise tax of 18.4 cents per gallon on top of all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our state gas taxes are second-highest in the country behind Pennsylvania’s 58.2 cents. And on July 1, we’ll leapfrog Pennsylvania when that 5.6-cent increase kicks in. It’s worth noting that even with its high tax, Pennsylvania’s gas prices are about a buck cheaper per gallon on average than California’s.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the environmental side, we fork out extra because of the state’s cap-and-trade program — which requires several industries, including fuel wholesalers, to cut down on carbon emissions — as well as California’s low carbon fuel standard. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/latest-news/article219331435.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">regulation\u003c/a> directly targets fuel producers and requires them to limit the creation of greenhouse gases in the production, transportation and use of fuel in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual amounts of these extra environmental costs fluctuate on a regular basis, but right now cap-and-trade costs us an additional 14 cents per gallon and the low carbon fuel standard adds another 13 cents, according to Severin Borenstein, the faculty director of UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute, who has studied gas prices for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the extra cost of refining California’s gasoline. We pay an extra 5 to 10 cents per gallon because the California Air Resources Board requires that the gas we put into our cars be made from a formula producing less air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borenstein is quick to point out that these extra costs have real benefits when it comes to combating climate change and air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that California has been able to much more effectively clean up our air quality,” Borenstein said. “If you’re in the middle of Los Angeles and you look toward the mountains, you now see the mountains, which wasn’t the case 30 years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But adding up the environmental costs and the gas taxes doesn’t get you anywhere near the current difference between what Californians pay at the pump versus the rest of the country. So what about the rest?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What We Don’t Know: ‘Mystery Gas Surcharge’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Prior to 2015, the (gas price) differential between California and the rest of the country was pretty much completely explained by our higher taxes and environmental fees and the cost of making our cleaner gasoline,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2015, a new price gap of 20 to 30 cents opened up, one that neither Borenstein — nor anyone else — can find the cause of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started on Feb. 18, 2015, after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-exxon-mobil-refinery-20170502-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explosion\u003c/a> at an Exxon refinery in Torrance, just outside Los Angeles. The refinery was shut down for more than a year, and gas prices in the state shot up, as they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">usually do\u003c/a> when a refinery goes offline unexpectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These unplanned outages are an even bigger issue in California because the state is what’s known as a “petroleum island.” We don’t have pipelines connecting refineries in Los Angeles to those in the Bay Area or to the rest of the country. Plus, not many refineries make the special better-for-the-environment gasoline that the state requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s a production gap, there are only a few places gas stations can turn to, and that gas has to come in by ship, which costs more and can take weeks to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Borenstein, it usually takes a month or two for gas prices to come back down after that kind of spike. But after the 2015 explosion, “that just didn’t happen, and ever since then we’ve seen this additional differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This additional differential is what Borenstein calls the “mystery gasoline surcharge.” He says right now it’s costing Californians about $20 million per day in higher fuel costs — and $20 billion and counting since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if it’s because (gasoline suppliers) are gouging, or because there is some additional cost that hasn’t been accounted for and that cropped up in 2015,” Borenstein said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/07fd475d-fa63-4e8a-8d06-8071dca2711f?src=embed\" title=\"California Gas Taxes\" width=\"700\" height=\"835\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing we do know is that many Californians get their gas from big-name brands, including Chevron, Shell, Exxon, Mobil and 76, which charge 11 to 16 cents more per gallon than ARCO, unbranded gas stations and grocery stores like Costco and Safeway that also sell gas, according to the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a preliminary report from the commission last month, “While this practice is not necessarily illegal, it may be an effort of a segment of the market to artificially inflate prices to the detriment of California consumers and could account for at least part of the price differential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There Anything We Can Do?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January, 19 state legislators asked Attorney General Xavier Becerra to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/01/29/a-20-cent-mystery-surcharge-on-gas-california-lawmakers-ask-ag-to-find-out-why/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">look into\u003c/a> the mystery gasoline surcharge, and in April, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Newsom-calls-for-investigation-into-13789550.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked\u003c/a> the California Energy Commission to look into the state’s high gas prices. The commission quickly produced the report quoted above and asked for more time to do a deeper investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am hopeful that between the attorney general’s office and the California Energy Commission, they will be able to get to the bottom of what’s going on and bring our gas prices down a bit,” Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, there are a few things Borenstein said consumers can do to try to save themselves a little pain at the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommended buying gas from off-brand retailers, planning ahead so you don’t end up having to fuel up in an especially expensive place like downtown San Francisco, and getting a more fuel-efficient car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you buy a car that gets 30 miles to the gallon instead of 20 miles to the gallon, that is the equivalent of cutting the price of gasoline by a third,” he said. “So it really makes sense to think about the fuel efficiency of the car you drive.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This episode of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a little bit different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the show tags along with Bryan Bashin, CEO of LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired, to give us a taste of what it’s like to navigate a loud and chaotic city while blind.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode is meant to be a truly immersive experience for your ears. So put on your headphones, settle in and turn the sound up. You can listen by clicking the play button above or on your podcast player of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To hear more amazing sound experiences, check out Chris and Sam’s podcast, \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“The World According to Sound.”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]Q[/dropcap]uick: What’s the one bird you see and hear most every day, day in and day out, without fail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re willing to bet that for most of us in the Bay Area, there’s one avian species that predominates in our daily bird experience: Corvus brachyrhynchos, better known to most of us as “the crow.”[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see ’em in the morning, I see ’em in the afternoon, I see ’em up in trees, I see ’em on top of buildings,” said San Mateo native Kevin Branch. “They’re everywhere. I kind of feel like the crow has taken over — big time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branch has a lot of questions for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> about crows in the Bay Area: Why are there so many? Are crows replacing other familiar birds, such as mockingbirds, blue jays and red-winged blackbirds? Is there a plan to reduce crow populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Yes, There Are More Crows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he most persuasive evidence comes from the Audubon Society and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/conservation/join-christmas-bird-count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christmas Bird Count\u003c/a>. The count is conducted by more than 2,500 local chapters across the Americas, the Caribbean and Hawaii, each with volunteer observers tallying birds in a predefined 15-mile-diameter circle over a 24-hour period.[aside tag='bay-curious' label='Looking for More Bay Curious?']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Audubon Society’s Golden Gate chapter conducts two counts each December: one in a circle centered in Oakland, covering a big slice of the East Bay Hills and the bay shore from El Cerrito to San Leandro, and the second in a circle centered on San Francisco’s Oceanview neighborhood, which covers the entire city and most of the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of crows in the Oakland circle has grown from 167 in 2000 to nearly 2,500 in 2018 — an increase of nearly 15 times in fewer than 20 years. The numbers for San Francisco are impressive, if not as dramatic. The 2000 count recorded 122 crows, with more recent counts in the 700 to 900 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s behind the increase? People who watch the birds point to an equation with two major parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crows Not Welcome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One argument, which may be true, is that crows are smart birds, and crows have historically inhabited the countryside,” says Bob Lewis, a Berkeley birder and one or the organizers for the Oakland Christmas Bird Count. “Farmers put up scarecrows and crows eat corn. We have that kind of feeling about them. But in the country, crows get shot, too, and crows have perhaps discovered in the cities and towns that it’s a much safer place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crows have been on the receiving end of our hostility for a long time — a creature viewed by many as a voracious destroyer of crops and inveterate opportunist preying on the young of smaller, more valuable, and let’s face it, better-liked birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds.\u003ccite>E.R. Kalmbach,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Department of Agriculture, 1918\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some, including E.R. Kalmbach, the author of \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin\u003c/a> published in 1918, acknowledged that crows sometimes did have a negative impact on crops. But based on an intensive study of what crows actually ate — the stomachs of 2,118 crows were examined for evidence — Kalmbach argued the birds played an essential role in controlling harmful insects, a service that “can ill be spared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds which at times are most valuable aids to man,” Kalmbach concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appeal for reason apparently didn’t resonate too widely. The very next year, 1919, the DuPont chemical company launched a National Crow Shoot. DuPont declared “it is certain that some concerted action on the part of farmers and sportsmen” was needed to ensure a bountiful grain harvest. The company promoted another benefit to hardware retailers, who at the time sold firearms — it would help them sell more ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752434\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1200x895.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for DuPont’s 1919 National Crow Shoot, a yearlong event the company promoted as a way to help farmers and sell ammunition. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attempts to eliminate crows weren’t, and aren’t, limited to the countryside. In the early 20th century, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park employed a hunter — usually a city cop — to shoot crows and other unwanted animals, like jays and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it may come as news to city dwellers, but California has a hunting season for crows from Dec. 1 through the beginning of April every year in most of the state’s rural areas. State law allows landowners to kill crows out of season, too, if they “are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the most recent year for which the Department of Fish and Wildlife has numbers, hunters here reported killing about 35,000 crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Food Means More Crows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unfriendly humans are just one major factor that has led to more crows joining us in our cities and suburbs. The other?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s kind of simple myself,” said University of Washington wildlife biologist John Marzluff, who has studied crows and other corvids for decades. “Basically, we’ve provided more food for them. Now, the reasons for that may be more complex because it includes things like garbage, like fast-food restaurant waste, like roadkill. So there are a lot of ways we provide them food. But that’s the bottom line. That’s why they’re more abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a sort of common-sense objection to that idea: City dwellers have always been pretty messy. Look at the giant open garbage dumps that used to be on the edge of every big city. If garbage is attracting crows, where were they before?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it actually works better for crows to spread out their food sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to have a dump,” he says. “I think actually in terms of territoriality and increasing the breeding population, it’s better to have food more uniformly distributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1020x833.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1200x980.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1920x1567.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ready availability of food in cities — in this case, meant for some backyard chickens — is a major factor driving crows’ urban population increase, biologists say. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marzluff also says crows have no problem crowding in among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only defend enough space that’s necessary to get enough food to raise their young and survive,” he says. “So as more food is available, they can live in tighter and tighter quarters and you can fit more of them into the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrian Cotter, a web developer for the Sierra Club who is also a citizen scientist and corvid enthusiast, points out that some of the very things we do to make cities more livable for us are also attractive to crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of ‘crow-forming’ our cities — terraforming, but for crows,” Cotter says. “We plant trees they like to nest in. We plant trees that other birds nest in, and that becomes a source of food. So we’re presenting this sort of lovely banquet for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are Crows Replacing or Killing Off Other Species of Birds?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kaeli Swift, another University of Washington biologist who has spent years studying crows and their ways, says research has found that the crow’s reputation for reducing the population of other songbirds is largely undeserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed,” Swift says. “The science just does not back that up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research \u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2014/06/20/do-crows-reduce-other-songbirds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she’s pointing to\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2014 compilation\u003c/a> of 42 studies that looked at the impact of corvids on dozens of songbirds that were their potential prey. In four out of five cases, the analysis found, corvids had no negative impact on either the reproduction — nesting success and rearing of young — or the abundance of other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crow battles with a white-tailed kite at Cesar Chavez Park on the Berkeley waterfront. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bob Lewis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crows did have a larger impact than some other corvids on how successful other birds were in reproducing, the study found, but not on their overall numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says the explanation for this finding — in essence, that even though crows and other corvids do prey upon other birds, the overall impact is small — is “compensatory mortality.” In plain English: It’s a hard world for little things. There are lots of things out there that kill birds and reduce their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood and just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed. The science just does not back that up.’\u003ccite>Kaeli Swift\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It can be easy for us to think, ‘If this predator was gone, then all of the babies they would have eaten will survive,'” Swift says. “That’s really not how it generally works. … The other predators in the system will just come in and take their place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of other predators? Hawks. Owls. Jays. Snakes. Foxes. Raccoons. Cats. And, Swift, notes, some animals we might not think of as a menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t realize squirrels and chipmunks are huge nest predators, much more impactful than crows,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There a Plan to Reduce the Crow Population?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well, no. Crow hunts continue in California and across the United States, and there’s lots of video evidence of that on YouTube. But scientists like Swift and Marzluff argue that the best way to deal with crows is to try to understand who they are and what they’re doing here — an echo of biologist E.R. Kalmbach’s long-ago call for crow tolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of qualities that I don’t think you can help but find really attractive in crows — like their ability to learn our faces and be pretty excited to see us when you’ve built up a positive relationship with them by feeding them,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>A Beakful of Crow Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005FLOEQK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gifts of the Crow\u003c/a>,” by John Marzluff and Tony Angell\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002GJRYWU/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crow Planet\u003c/a>,” by Lyanda Lynn Haupt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/are-there-more-crows-and-ravens-in-the-bay-area-these-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are There More Crows and Ravens in the Bay Area These Days?\u003c/a>” by Adrian Cotter in Bay Nature magazine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crow and Its Relation to Man\u003c/a>,” by E.R. Kalmbach, U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corvid Research\u003c/a>, Kaeli Swift’s blog on her own and others’ corvid studies. To get the flavor of her work (and entertaining writing), check out “\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2018/07/16/putting-the-crow-in-necrophilia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Putting the ‘Crow’ in Necrophilia\u003c/a>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Black-As-Sun-California/dp/0615536328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Bird Black as the Sun: California Poets on Crows and Ravens\u003c/a>“\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Video: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/i_ta33bMB70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crows playing on a snowy car\u003c/a>. Really.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They play, so you can watch them play games, particularly the young birds. And they’re just kind of charismatic and goofy in the way that a dog with a really strong personality is. For me, crows have the same sort of quality where, if you watch them, you just see them do all these things that are so interesting that you just kind of can’t help falling in love with them if you just open yourself up to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says many of our problems with crows may stem from how much we share in common with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re clever, so they’re able to outsmart some of the ways we try to keep them out of our garbage or out of our property,” she says. “They are social, so they are really noisy. They are protective parents, so they can be aggressive around their babies when they feel like they’re being a threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it’s important to remember crows are “sentient beings” like us and that we ought to learn to use our big human brains to discover and address the problems we have with a growing crow population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do end every one of my talks about crows with a slide that’s like, ‘OK, these things can get under our skin. Why? And what should we do?’ ” he says. “And my take-home is that we should celebrate them for being successful, and if we need to control them in places, we need to think hard about it. Like they think about how to live with us, we need to think about how to live with them and come up with strategies that will have meaningful effects on their populations — not just kill a bunch of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Q\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>uick: What’s the one bird you see and hear most every day, day in and day out, without fail?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re willing to bet that for most of us in the Bay Area, there’s one avian species that predominates in our daily bird experience: Corvus brachyrhynchos, better known to most of us as “the crow.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see ’em in the morning, I see ’em in the afternoon, I see ’em up in trees, I see ’em on top of buildings,” said San Mateo native Kevin Branch. “They’re everywhere. I kind of feel like the crow has taken over — big time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branch has a lot of questions for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> about crows in the Bay Area: Why are there so many? Are crows replacing other familiar birds, such as mockingbirds, blue jays and red-winged blackbirds? Is there a plan to reduce crow populations?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Yes, There Are More Crows\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he most persuasive evidence comes from the Audubon Society and its \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/conservation/join-christmas-bird-count\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christmas Bird Count\u003c/a>. The count is conducted by more than 2,500 local chapters across the Americas, the Caribbean and Hawaii, each with volunteer observers tallying birds in a predefined 15-mile-diameter circle over a 24-hour period.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Audubon Society’s Golden Gate chapter conducts two counts each December: one in a circle centered in Oakland, covering a big slice of the East Bay Hills and the bay shore from El Cerrito to San Leandro, and the second in a circle centered on San Francisco’s Oceanview neighborhood, which covers the entire city and most of the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of crows in the Oakland circle has grown from 167 in 2000 to nearly 2,500 in 2018 — an increase of nearly 15 times in fewer than 20 years. The numbers for San Francisco are impressive, if not as dramatic. The 2000 count recorded 122 crows, with more recent counts in the 700 to 900 range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s behind the increase? People who watch the birds point to an equation with two major parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crows Not Welcome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One argument, which may be true, is that crows are smart birds, and crows have historically inhabited the countryside,” says Bob Lewis, a Berkeley birder and one or the organizers for the Oakland Christmas Bird Count. “Farmers put up scarecrows and crows eat corn. We have that kind of feeling about them. But in the country, crows get shot, too, and crows have perhaps discovered in the cities and towns that it’s a much safer place to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crows have been on the receiving end of our hostility for a long time — a creature viewed by many as a voracious destroyer of crops and inveterate opportunist preying on the young of smaller, more valuable, and let’s face it, better-liked birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds.\u003ccite>E.R. Kalmbach,\u003cbr>\nU.S. Department of Agriculture, 1918\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some, including E.R. Kalmbach, the author of \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a U.S. Department of Agriculture bulletin\u003c/a> published in 1918, acknowledged that crows sometimes did have a negative impact on crops. But based on an intensive study of what crows actually ate — the stomachs of 2,118 crows were examined for evidence — Kalmbach argued the birds played an essential role in controlling harmful insects, a service that “can ill be spared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The attitude of the individual farmer toward the crow should be one of toleration when no serious losses are suffered, rather than one of uncompromising antagonism resulting in the unwarranted destruction of these birds which at times are most valuable aids to man,” Kalmbach concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appeal for reason apparently didn’t resonate too widely. The very next year, 1919, the DuPont chemical company launched a National Crow Shoot. DuPont declared “it is certain that some concerted action on the part of farmers and sportsmen” was needed to ensure a bountiful grain harvest. The company promoted another benefit to hardware retailers, who at the time sold firearms — it would help them sell more ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752434\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"597\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-800x597.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1020x761.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875-1200x895.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/bresports7072unse_0974-e1559711865875.jpg 1290w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for DuPont’s 1919 National Crow Shoot, a yearlong event the company promoted as a way to help farmers and sell ammunition. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attempts to eliminate crows weren’t, and aren’t, limited to the countryside. In the early 20th century, San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park employed a hunter — usually a city cop — to shoot crows and other unwanted animals, like jays and coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it may come as news to city dwellers, but California has a hunting season for crows from Dec. 1 through the beginning of April every year in most of the state’s rural areas. State law allows landowners to kill crows out of season, too, if they “are committing or about to commit depredations upon ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the most recent year for which the Department of Fish and Wildlife has numbers, hunters here reported killing about 35,000 crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Food Means More Crows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unfriendly humans are just one major factor that has led to more crows joining us in our cities and suburbs. The other?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s kind of simple myself,” said University of Washington wildlife biologist John Marzluff, who has studied crows and other corvids for decades. “Basically, we’ve provided more food for them. Now, the reasons for that may be more complex because it includes things like garbage, like fast-food restaurant waste, like roadkill. So there are a lot of ways we provide them food. But that’s the bottom line. That’s why they’re more abundant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a sort of common-sense objection to that idea: City dwellers have always been pretty messy. Look at the giant open garbage dumps that used to be on the edge of every big city. If garbage is attracting crows, where were they before?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it actually works better for crows to spread out their food sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to have a dump,” he says. “I think actually in terms of territoriality and increasing the breeding population, it’s better to have food more uniformly distributed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"653\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-800x653.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1020x833.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1200x980.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o-1920x1567.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/47940703622_077e88602a_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ready availability of food in cities — in this case, meant for some backyard chickens — is a major factor driving crows’ urban population increase, biologists say. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marzluff also says crows have no problem crowding in among us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They only defend enough space that’s necessary to get enough food to raise their young and survive,” he says. “So as more food is available, they can live in tighter and tighter quarters and you can fit more of them into the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrian Cotter, a web developer for the Sierra Club who is also a citizen scientist and corvid enthusiast, points out that some of the very things we do to make cities more livable for us are also attractive to crows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re sort of ‘crow-forming’ our cities — terraforming, but for crows,” Cotter says. “We plant trees they like to nest in. We plant trees that other birds nest in, and that becomes a source of food. So we’re presenting this sort of lovely banquet for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Are Crows Replacing or Killing Off Other Species of Birds?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Kaeli Swift, another University of Washington biologist who has spent years studying crows and their ways, says research has found that the crow’s reputation for reducing the population of other songbirds is largely undeserved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed,” Swift says. “The science just does not back that up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research \u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2014/06/20/do-crows-reduce-other-songbirds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">she’s pointing to\u003c/a> is \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ibi.12223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a 2014 compilation\u003c/a> of 42 studies that looked at the impact of corvids on dozens of songbirds that were their potential prey. In four out of five cases, the analysis found, corvids had no negative impact on either the reproduction — nesting success and rearing of young — or the abundance of other birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11752506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/Crow-and-Kite-6817.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crow battles with a white-tailed kite at Cesar Chavez Park on the Berkeley waterfront. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bob Lewis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crows did have a larger impact than some other corvids on how successful other birds were in reproducing, the study found, but not on their overall numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says the explanation for this finding — in essence, that even though crows and other corvids do prey upon other birds, the overall impact is small — is “compensatory mortality.” In plain English: It’s a hard world for little things. There are lots of things out there that kill birds and reduce their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most people that contact me feeling like crows wiped away all of the birds in their neighborhood and just have this perception that if you see a flock of crows, it means none of your songbirds are going to reproduce, that everything is doomed. The science just does not back that up.’\u003ccite>Kaeli Swift\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It can be easy for us to think, ‘If this predator was gone, then all of the babies they would have eaten will survive,'” Swift says. “That’s really not how it generally works. … The other predators in the system will just come in and take their place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What kinds of other predators? Hawks. Owls. Jays. Snakes. Foxes. Raccoons. Cats. And, Swift, notes, some animals we might not think of as a menace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people don’t realize squirrels and chipmunks are huge nest predators, much more impactful than crows,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There a Plan to Reduce the Crow Population?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well, no. Crow hunts continue in California and across the United States, and there’s lots of video evidence of that on YouTube. But scientists like Swift and Marzluff argue that the best way to deal with crows is to try to understand who they are and what they’re doing here — an echo of biologist E.R. Kalmbach’s long-ago call for crow tolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of qualities that I don’t think you can help but find really attractive in crows — like their ability to learn our faces and be pretty excited to see us when you’ve built up a positive relationship with them by feeding them,” Swift says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>A Beakful of Crow Resources\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B005FLOEQK/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gifts of the Crow\u003c/a>,” by John Marzluff and Tony Angell\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002GJRYWU/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?_encoding=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crow Planet\u003c/a>,” by Lyanda Lynn Haupt\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/are-there-more-crows-and-ravens-in-the-bay-area-these-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Are There More Crows and Ravens in the Bay Area These Days?\u003c/a>” by Adrian Cotter in Bay Nature magazine\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/details/crowitsrelationt621kalm/page/n1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Crow and Its Relation to Man\u003c/a>,” by E.R. Kalmbach, U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Corvid Research\u003c/a>, Kaeli Swift’s blog on her own and others’ corvid studies. To get the flavor of her work (and entertaining writing), check out “\u003ca href=\"https://corvidresearch.blog/2018/07/16/putting-the-crow-in-necrophilia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Putting the ‘Crow’ in Necrophilia\u003c/a>.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Bird-Black-As-Sun-California/dp/0615536328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Bird Black as the Sun: California Poets on Crows and Ravens\u003c/a>“\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Video: \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/i_ta33bMB70\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Crows playing on a snowy car\u003c/a>. Really.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They play, so you can watch them play games, particularly the young birds. And they’re just kind of charismatic and goofy in the way that a dog with a really strong personality is. For me, crows have the same sort of quality where, if you watch them, you just see them do all these things that are so interesting that you just kind of can’t help falling in love with them if you just open yourself up to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swift says many of our problems with crows may stem from how much we share in common with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re clever, so they’re able to outsmart some of the ways we try to keep them out of our garbage or out of our property,” she says. “They are social, so they are really noisy. They are protective parents, so they can be aggressive around their babies when they feel like they’re being a threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marzluff says it’s important to remember crows are “sentient beings” like us and that we ought to learn to use our big human brains to discover and address the problems we have with a growing crow population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do end every one of my talks about crows with a slide that’s like, ‘OK, these things can get under our skin. Why? And what should we do?’ ” he says. “And my take-home is that we should celebrate them for being successful, and if we need to control them in places, we need to think hard about it. Like they think about how to live with us, we need to think about how to live with them and come up with strategies that will have meaningful effects on their populations — not just kill a bunch of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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},
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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