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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:59 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaders of the Senate Intelligence Committee vented Wednesday morning about what they called the shortcomings of major tech firms, which they argue have led Americans to become vulnerable to foreign disinformation campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is under attack is the idea that business as usual is good enough. The information your platforms disseminate changes minds, hardens opinions, helps people make sense of the world. ... That's how serious this is,\" said Chairman Richard Burr, R-N.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg and Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey testified about the work they're doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the hearing below.\u003cbr>\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mE1-Jyt2Src\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Burr and his Democratic counterpart, Sen. Mark Warner, lamented that Google did not send an appropriately senior executive to appear — the company had offered to send its chief legal officer, Kent Walker, but a bipartisan consensus on the committee was that he was insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm deeply disappointed that Google, one of the most influential digital platforms in the world, chose not to send its own top corporate leadership to engage this committee,\" Warner said, ticking off how Google search, YouTube and Gmail, which it owns, were relevant to discussions about foreign influence operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner had held out the possibility as late as Tuesday afternoon that Google could still change its mind, but the company did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google posted a copy of what it called \u003ca href=\"http://services.google.com/fh/files/blogs/kent_walker_testimony_senate_select_committee_on_intelligence_09052018.pdf\">Walker's prepared testimony\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In it, he hit the notes that other tech bosses sounded in their hearing: They appreciate the importance of fighting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/25/586099619/the-russia-investigations-what-you-need-to-know-about-russian-active-measures?preview=\">active measures\u003c/a>, they're tightening their internal security and other practices, and they're prepared now in ways they weren't for the big influence campaign of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorsey and Sandberg both said how badly they were caught off guard by foreign influence operations in the last presidential election campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were too slow to spot this and too slow to act. That's on us. This interference was completely unacceptable,\" Sandberg conceded. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some use of Facebook by automated or fake accounts continues. About 3 to 4 percent of accounts on Facebook's platform today are \"inauthentic\" users who do not represent real people, Sandberg said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more than 2 billion users, that suggests there remain tens of millions of such accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorsey, meanwhile, said he wants Twitter to be a \"public square\" where almost anyone can say almost anything, but that he also recognized how much it has been exploited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren't proud of how that free and open exchange has been weaponized and used to distract and divide people, and our nation,\" he said. \"We found ourselves unprepared and ill-equipped for the immensity of the problems that we've acknowledged.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Human rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida also questioned the duo about their operations outside the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These principles of our democracy, do you support them only in the United States? Or are these principles that you feel obligated to support around the world?\" Rubio asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We support these principles around the world. ... We would only operate in a country when we can do so in keeping with our values,\" Sandberg replied. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing cases in Turkey, Rubio asked Dorsey: \"How does blocking the accounts of journalists and an NBA player [keep] with a core tenet of freedom of expression?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would like to fight for every single person being able to speak freely, and to see everything, but we have to realize that it will take some bridges to get there,\" Dorsey responded. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"This is fine\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/634682228/this-is-not-fine-new-evidence-of-russian-interference-meets-inaction-frustration\">second time\u003c/a> this year that the intelligence committee has convened a public session on how social media platforms can be used to further foreign influence operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee also heard from social media experts back in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some feel that we as a society are sitting in a burning room, calmly drinking a cup of coffee, telling ourselves, '\u003ca href=\"https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/this-is-fine\">This is fine\u003c/a>.' That's not fine,\" Burr said in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should no longer be talking about if the Russians 'attempted' to interfere with American society. They've been doing it since the days of the Soviet Union, and they're still doing it today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past six months have been eventful as social media companies and tech giants have repeatedly announced the disruption of various influence operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late July, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634319520/facebook-says-it-removed-pages-involved-in-deceptive-political-influence-campaig\">Facebook announced\u003c/a> that it had removed 32 accounts involved in a political influence campaign with links to the Russian government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft said it discovered and stopped an attempted cyberattack tied to Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Facebook made another announcement: It had shut down hundreds of accounts linked to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/21/640696857/facebook-shuts-down-652-iranian-backed-and-some-russian-backed-accounts\">Iranian-backed global disinformation campaign\u003c/a>. Twitter then \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TwitterSafety/status/1032055161978585088\">followed suit\u003c/a> by deleting accounts linked to this Iranian campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the midst of all these alleged information operations, the Democratic National Committee reported that it had stopped what appeared to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/22/641005248/democratic-national-committee-says-it-caught-cyberattack-in-the-act\">attempted cyber intrusion\u003c/a> into its voter data systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what looked like an attack was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/23/641189337/dnc-says-attempted-cyberattack-wasnt-russia-it-was-a-test-from-michigan\">actually a security test\u003c/a> by friendly volunteers for the Michigan Democratic Party who didn't communicate that with the main DNC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats' cybersecurity specialists have compared themselves to combat veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress following the deep embarrassment to the party after it was the victim of Russian attacks during the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we all still have PTSD from 2016,\" Raffi Krikorian, chief technology officer at the Democratic National Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/30/642676228/heres-what-keeps-the-democratic-party-s-technology-boss-awake-at-night\">told NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The miscommunication within the DNC showed the current state of alarm: Big tech, social media companies and politicians are on red alert about the issue of foreign intrusions and cyber operations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Committee+Vents+About+Hijacking+Of+Big+Tech+For+Information+War&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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Mark Warner, lamented that Google did not send an appropriately senior executive to appear — the company had offered to send its chief legal officer, Kent Walker, but a bipartisan consensus on the committee was that he was insufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm deeply disappointed that Google, one of the most influential digital platforms in the world, chose not to send its own top corporate leadership to engage this committee,\" Warner said, ticking off how Google search, YouTube and Gmail, which it owns, were relevant to discussions about foreign influence operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner had held out the possibility as late as Tuesday afternoon that Google could still change its mind, but the company did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google posted a copy of what it called \u003ca href=\"http://services.google.com/fh/files/blogs/kent_walker_testimony_senate_select_committee_on_intelligence_09052018.pdf\">Walker's prepared testimony\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In it, he hit the notes that other tech bosses sounded in their hearing: They appreciate the importance of fighting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/25/586099619/the-russia-investigations-what-you-need-to-know-about-russian-active-measures?preview=\">active measures\u003c/a>, they're tightening their internal security and other practices, and they're prepared now in ways they weren't for the big influence campaign of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorsey and Sandberg both said how badly they were caught off guard by foreign influence operations in the last presidential election campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were too slow to spot this and too slow to act. That's on us. This interference was completely unacceptable,\" Sandberg conceded. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some use of Facebook by automated or fake accounts continues. About 3 to 4 percent of accounts on Facebook's platform today are \"inauthentic\" users who do not represent real people, Sandberg said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more than 2 billion users, that suggests there remain tens of millions of such accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorsey, meanwhile, said he wants Twitter to be a \"public square\" where almost anyone can say almost anything, but that he also recognized how much it has been exploited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren't proud of how that free and open exchange has been weaponized and used to distract and divide people, and our nation,\" he said. \"We found ourselves unprepared and ill-equipped for the immensity of the problems that we've acknowledged.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Human rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida also questioned the duo about their operations outside the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These principles of our democracy, do you support them only in the United States? Or are these principles that you feel obligated to support around the world?\" Rubio asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We support these principles around the world. ... We would only operate in a country when we can do so in keeping with our values,\" Sandberg replied. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing cases in Turkey, Rubio asked Dorsey: \"How does blocking the accounts of journalists and an NBA player [keep] with a core tenet of freedom of expression?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would like to fight for every single person being able to speak freely, and to see everything, but we have to realize that it will take some bridges to get there,\" Dorsey responded. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"This is fine\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/634682228/this-is-not-fine-new-evidence-of-russian-interference-meets-inaction-frustration\">second time\u003c/a> this year that the intelligence committee has convened a public session on how social media platforms can be used to further foreign influence operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee also heard from social media experts back in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some feel that we as a society are sitting in a burning room, calmly drinking a cup of coffee, telling ourselves, '\u003ca href=\"https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/this-is-fine\">This is fine\u003c/a>.' That's not fine,\" Burr said in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should no longer be talking about if the Russians 'attempted' to interfere with American society. They've been doing it since the days of the Soviet Union, and they're still doing it today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past six months have been eventful as social media companies and tech giants have repeatedly announced the disruption of various influence operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late July, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634319520/facebook-says-it-removed-pages-involved-in-deceptive-political-influence-campaig\">Facebook announced\u003c/a> that it had removed 32 accounts involved in a political influence campaign with links to the Russian government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft said it discovered and stopped an attempted cyberattack tied to Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Facebook made another announcement: It had shut down hundreds of accounts linked to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/21/640696857/facebook-shuts-down-652-iranian-backed-and-some-russian-backed-accounts\">Iranian-backed global disinformation campaign\u003c/a>. Twitter then \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TwitterSafety/status/1032055161978585088\">followed suit\u003c/a> by deleting accounts linked to this Iranian campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the midst of all these alleged information operations, the Democratic National Committee reported that it had stopped what appeared to be an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/22/641005248/democratic-national-committee-says-it-caught-cyberattack-in-the-act\">attempted cyber intrusion\u003c/a> into its voter data systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what looked like an attack was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/23/641189337/dnc-says-attempted-cyberattack-wasnt-russia-it-was-a-test-from-michigan\">actually a security test\u003c/a> by friendly volunteers for the Michigan Democratic Party who didn't communicate that with the main DNC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats' cybersecurity specialists have compared themselves to combat veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress following the deep embarrassment to the party after it was the victim of Russian attacks during the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we all still have PTSD from 2016,\" Raffi Krikorian, chief technology officer at the Democratic National Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/30/642676228/heres-what-keeps-the-democratic-party-s-technology-boss-awake-at-night\">told NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The miscommunication within the DNC showed the current state of alarm: Big tech, social media companies and politicians are on red alert about the issue of foreign intrusions and cyber operations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Committee+Vents+About+Hijacking+Of+Big+Tech+For+Information+War&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690292/california-democratic-senators-lead-fight-against-scotus-nominee-kavanaugh\">California Senators Lead Fight to Delay SCOTUS Nominee Hearings\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s two U.S. senators and their Democratic colleagues on the Senate Judiciary Committee kicked off this week’s confirmation hearing for Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh on Tuesday with a tradition-breaking attempt to delay the process.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Peter Jon Shuler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690519/senate-committee-vents-about-hijacking-of-big-tech-for-information-war\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Silicon Valley Tech Leaders Go Before Senate Intelligence Committee\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s another hearing happening on Capitol Hill today. And it involves leaders of three major California companies that increasingly control who sees what online: Google, Facebook and Twitter.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690509/rep-hunters-trial-not-likely-before-election\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trial for San Diego Congressman Slated for After November Election\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The trial for San Diego County Congressman Duncan Hunter and his wife may not begin until after the November election. The Department of Justice has accused the couple of using $250,000 of campaign funds as a personal bank account.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Matt Hoffman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Medical Care in Immigrant Detention Centers Called Into Question\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are still about 500 children who are separated from their immigrant parents. Many of them are being held in Texas, but how they're treated is decided by a Los Angeles area federal judge. Advocates for immigrant families say that a lack of medical care is a widespread problem in detention facilities.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690292/california-democratic-senators-lead-fight-against-scotus-nominee-kavanaugh\">California Senators Lead Fight to Delay SCOTUS Nominee Hearings\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s two U.S. senators and their Democratic colleagues on the Senate Judiciary Committee kicked off this week’s confirmation hearing for Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh on Tuesday with a tradition-breaking attempt to delay the process.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Peter Jon Shuler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690519/senate-committee-vents-about-hijacking-of-big-tech-for-information-war\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Silicon Valley Tech Leaders Go Before Senate Intelligence Committee\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s another hearing happening on Capitol Hill today. And it involves leaders of three major California companies that increasingly control who sees what online: Google, Facebook and Twitter.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690509/rep-hunters-trial-not-likely-before-election\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trial for San Diego Congressman Slated for After November Election\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The trial for San Diego County Congressman Duncan Hunter and his wife may not begin until after the November election. The Department of Justice has accused the couple of using $250,000 of campaign funds as a personal bank account.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Matt Hoffman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Medical Care in Immigrant Detention Centers Called Into Question\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are still about 500 children who are separated from their immigrant parents. Many of them are being held in Texas, but how they're treated is decided by a Los Angeles area federal judge. Advocates for immigrant families say that a lack of medical care is a widespread problem in detention facilities.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Looks Like Pharma Has Given Up on Alzheimer's Cure",
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"content": "\u003cp>Alzheimer's is currently the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., according to the Alzheimer's Association. About 5.7 million Americans currently suffer from the disease, with around a half-million new cases diagnosed every year. Fourteen million Americans are projected to have Alzheimer's by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A review of 112 experimental Alzheimer's drugs in clinical trials shows only one aimed at slowing the course of the disease in patients with moderate to severe forms of the disease.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That is an enormous toll taken on patients and families. But unfortunately, the outlook on finding a cure is equally grim, as STAT reporter Sharon Begley recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/08/15/alzheimers-patients-drug-development-outrage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>. After more than 20 years of failure to reverse or slow the disease by targeting amyloid plaques in the brain, Begley writes, there are now literally \u003cem>no experimental drugs in late-stage clinical trials\u003c/em> to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's, the latter of which is characterized by extreme confusion requiring round-the-clock care patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Begley spoke about her reporting with KQED's Brian Watt on Friday. The following is a transcript of the interview, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the lack of progress in Alzheimer's drug development\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last drug for Alzheimer's was approved in 2003. So 15 years and we have had nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The drug companies have spent and lost billions of dollars trying to find something that works for Alzheimer's patients. And they're giving up.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I talked about the situation with patient advocates and neurologists and people in the lab desperately trying to come up with something to help people. One expert used a term that made me just sit up and practically gasp. He called it \"therapeutic nihilism.\" And by that he meant the disease has proved so challenging to scientists that people have almost given up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In studies, drug after drug has failed. The drug companies have spent and lost billions of dollars trying to find something that works for Alzheimer's patients. And they're giving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the contrast between activism around HIV/AIDS and the lack of advocacy around Alzheimer's \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of attention, drug development, et cetera for HIV/AIDS have been hugely impressive. And that's why I contrasted it with Alzheimer's, wondering: Where is the outrage over the lack of progress?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there you have things like the age of patients. With HIV/AIDS, the tragic toll was, at least initially, on men in their prime. For Alzheimer's, primarily affecting people 65 and older, there's at least some sentiment that they've had a good life, that's the way it goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the lack of drugs being tested for moderate to severe Alzheimer's\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's what's called a pipeline analysis done every year by researchers at the Cleveland Clinic. They look at all the experimental compounds being tested in patients, and they ask, \"What kind of patients are they being tested in?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are 5.5 million people and growing that already have the disease. So what we're essentially saying to them is that it's really unfortunate but we have nothing that will help you.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>They broke it down into people who do not have Alzheimer's but have some of the risk factors, and people who have mild, moderate or severe Alzheimer's. What really made me sit up was that the number of drugs being tested to see whether they can stop or even reverse the actual course of the disease in people with moderate or severe Alzheimer's is 1 out of 112.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all hope they can stop Alzheimer's at earlier stages. We all know somebody who has Alzheimer's, and when they first get it if you could look at that person and say, wow, you don't actually have a diagnosis yet, but you're on the cusp, so here's a drug that will help you from getting Alzheimer's ... .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are 5.5 million people and growing that already have the disease. So what we're essentially saying to them is that it's really unfortunate but we have nothing that will help you. And if there's nothing in the pipeline for people with moderate to severe Alzheimer's, that means there will be nothing for anybody who is diagnosed in 2018, in 2019, and probably for the next 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>On the response from patient advocates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I thought I would call them and give them a softball. Let them say, \"This is untenable. We know it's expensive, but these drug companies just really have to step up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I will simply note without comment that the patient advocacy groups get buckets of money from drug developers.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Instead they told me things like, \"Boy, it's really hard to develop drugs. It's understandable that the drug companies have pulled back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will simply note without comment that the patient advocacy groups get buckets of money from drug developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The market for preventing the development of Alzheimer's is much greater than for even the people who have it. If you develop something to prevent Alzheimer's that you can give to tens of millions of healthy people, that would be a huge profit boost for your company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think it would be naïve of anyone to say that there are no financial considerations here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alzheimer's is currently the sixth leading cause of death in the U.S., according to the Alzheimer's Association. About 5.7 million Americans currently suffer from the disease, with around a half-million new cases diagnosed every year. Fourteen million Americans are projected to have Alzheimer's by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A review of 112 experimental Alzheimer's drugs in clinical trials shows only one aimed at slowing the course of the disease in patients with moderate to severe forms of the disease.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That is an enormous toll taken on patients and families. But unfortunately, the outlook on finding a cure is equally grim, as STAT reporter Sharon Begley recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/08/15/alzheimers-patients-drug-development-outrage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>. After more than 20 years of failure to reverse or slow the disease by targeting amyloid plaques in the brain, Begley writes, there are now literally \u003cem>no experimental drugs in late-stage clinical trials\u003c/em> to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer's, the latter of which is characterized by extreme confusion requiring round-the-clock care patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Begley spoke about her reporting with KQED's Brian Watt on Friday. The following is a transcript of the interview, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the lack of progress in Alzheimer's drug development\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last drug for Alzheimer's was approved in 2003. So 15 years and we have had nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The drug companies have spent and lost billions of dollars trying to find something that works for Alzheimer's patients. And they're giving up.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I talked about the situation with patient advocates and neurologists and people in the lab desperately trying to come up with something to help people. One expert used a term that made me just sit up and practically gasp. He called it \"therapeutic nihilism.\" And by that he meant the disease has proved so challenging to scientists that people have almost given up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In studies, drug after drug has failed. The drug companies have spent and lost billions of dollars trying to find something that works for Alzheimer's patients. And they're giving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the contrast between activism around HIV/AIDS and the lack of advocacy around Alzheimer's \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of attention, drug development, et cetera for HIV/AIDS have been hugely impressive. And that's why I contrasted it with Alzheimer's, wondering: Where is the outrage over the lack of progress?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there you have things like the age of patients. With HIV/AIDS, the tragic toll was, at least initially, on men in their prime. For Alzheimer's, primarily affecting people 65 and older, there's at least some sentiment that they've had a good life, that's the way it goes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the lack of drugs being tested for moderate to severe Alzheimer's\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's what's called a pipeline analysis done every year by researchers at the Cleveland Clinic. They look at all the experimental compounds being tested in patients, and they ask, \"What kind of patients are they being tested in?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are 5.5 million people and growing that already have the disease. So what we're essentially saying to them is that it's really unfortunate but we have nothing that will help you.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>They broke it down into people who do not have Alzheimer's but have some of the risk factors, and people who have mild, moderate or severe Alzheimer's. What really made me sit up was that the number of drugs being tested to see whether they can stop or even reverse the actual course of the disease in people with moderate or severe Alzheimer's is 1 out of 112.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all hope they can stop Alzheimer's at earlier stages. We all know somebody who has Alzheimer's, and when they first get it if you could look at that person and say, wow, you don't actually have a diagnosis yet, but you're on the cusp, so here's a drug that will help you from getting Alzheimer's ... .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are 5.5 million people and growing that already have the disease. So what we're essentially saying to them is that it's really unfortunate but we have nothing that will help you. And if there's nothing in the pipeline for people with moderate to severe Alzheimer's, that means there will be nothing for anybody who is diagnosed in 2018, in 2019, and probably for the next 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>On the response from patient advocates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I thought I would call them and give them a softball. Let them say, \"This is untenable. We know it's expensive, but these drug companies just really have to step up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I will simply note without comment that the patient advocacy groups get buckets of money from drug developers.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Instead they told me things like, \"Boy, it's really hard to develop drugs. It's understandable that the drug companies have pulled back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will simply note without comment that the patient advocacy groups get buckets of money from drug developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The market for preventing the development of Alzheimer's is much greater than for even the people who have it. If you develop something to prevent Alzheimer's that you can give to tens of millions of healthy people, that would be a huge profit boost for your company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I think it would be naïve of anyone to say that there are no financial considerations here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lawmakers in California are sending legislation to Gov. Jerry Brown that would put net neutrality regulations into state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Senate approved the measure, called SB 822, by 27-12 Friday, a day after colleagues in the Assembly approved it 61-18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor, Jerry Brown, hasn’t said if he will sign it. He has until the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We passed the strongest net neutrality standards in the nation,” San Francisco Democrat Scott Wiener, who co-wrote the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20180831-senator-wiener%E2%80%99s-bill-enact-strongest-net-neutrality-protections-nation-passes\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about a level playing field and an Internet where we as individuals get to decide where we go on the Internet instead of being told by Internet service providers, or manipulated by Internet service providers, into going where they want us to go,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iydlc7NYbyE\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wiener told reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill stops Internet service providers from blocking or slowing down certain websites or “classes of applications,” like video. \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB822\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">It bans\u003c/a> “paid prioritization,” also called fast lanes, where some websites would pay more for faster access. It also stops Internet providers from using some types of “zero-rating,” when companies exempt certain traffic from counting against a customer’s data usage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today was a landmark in the fight to preserve a free and open internet,” supporter Barbara van Schewick, the director of Stanford Law School’s Center for Internet and Society, \u003ca href=\"https://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2018/08/landmark-vote-california-legislature-votes-restore-net-neutrality\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Electronic Frontier Foundation, an advocacy group that supports online privacy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/08/victory-california-passes-net-neutrality-bill\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">called it\u003c/a> “a victory that can be replicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he hopes California’s potential new rules could be emulated on a national level. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s legislation restores net neutrality regulations first imposed by the Federal Communications Commission in 2015, during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the current FCC, led by Republican Chairman Ajit Pai, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/11/618928905/net-neutrality-has-been-rolled-back-but-its-not-dead-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">repealed those regulations in June,\u003c/a> with Pai calling them “heavy-handed.” He said “light-touch” regulation would lead to more innovation, competition and cheaper prices for consumers. Pai’s rules shift enforcement for violations to the Federal Trade Commission instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internet service providers echoed Pai’s language about regulatory measures, calling California’s bill “heavy-handed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Broadband providers strongly support net neutrality, but SB 822 undercuts California’s long history as a vibrant catalyst for innovation and technology,” Jonathan Spalter, the president and CEO of industry group USTelecom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ustelecom.org/news/press-release/ustelecom-statement-net-neutrality-bill-california-state-senate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement.\u003c/a> “The internet must be governed by a single, uniform and consistent national policy framework, not state-by-state piecemeal approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verizon and AT&T are members of USTelecom. \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/08/calif-senate-approves-net-neutrality-rules-sends-bill-to-governor/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ArsTechnica reports\u003c/a> that the group has in fact “consistently fought against both federal and state-level net neutrality rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group had earlier promised to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ustelecom.org/blog/all-americans-deserve-equal-rights-online\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">“aggressively challenge”\u003c/a> — sue — state and local governments that try to enact net neutrality regulations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Lawmakers+Pass+Net+Neutrality+Bill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lawmakers in California are sending legislation to Gov. Jerry Brown that would put net neutrality regulations into state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Senate approved the measure, called SB 822, by 27-12 Friday, a day after colleagues in the Assembly approved it 61-18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor, Jerry Brown, hasn’t said if he will sign it. He has until the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We passed the strongest net neutrality standards in the nation,” San Francisco Democrat Scott Wiener, who co-wrote the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://sd11.senate.ca.gov/news/20180831-senator-wiener%E2%80%99s-bill-enact-strongest-net-neutrality-protections-nation-passes\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about a level playing field and an Internet where we as individuals get to decide where we go on the Internet instead of being told by Internet service providers, or manipulated by Internet service providers, into going where they want us to go,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iydlc7NYbyE\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wiener told reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill stops Internet service providers from blocking or slowing down certain websites or “classes of applications,” like video. \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB822\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">It bans\u003c/a> “paid prioritization,” also called fast lanes, where some websites would pay more for faster access. It also stops Internet providers from using some types of “zero-rating,” when companies exempt certain traffic from counting against a customer’s data usage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today was a landmark in the fight to preserve a free and open internet,” supporter Barbara van Schewick, the director of Stanford Law School’s Center for Internet and Society, \u003ca href=\"https://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2018/08/landmark-vote-california-legislature-votes-restore-net-neutrality\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Electronic Frontier Foundation, an advocacy group that supports online privacy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2018/08/victory-california-passes-net-neutrality-bill\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">called it\u003c/a> “a victory that can be replicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener said he hopes California’s potential new rules could be emulated on a national level. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s legislation restores net neutrality regulations first imposed by the Federal Communications Commission in 2015, during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the current FCC, led by Republican Chairman Ajit Pai, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/11/618928905/net-neutrality-has-been-rolled-back-but-its-not-dead-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">repealed those regulations in June,\u003c/a> with Pai calling them “heavy-handed.” He said “light-touch” regulation would lead to more innovation, competition and cheaper prices for consumers. Pai’s rules shift enforcement for violations to the Federal Trade Commission instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internet service providers echoed Pai’s language about regulatory measures, calling California’s bill “heavy-handed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Broadband providers strongly support net neutrality, but SB 822 undercuts California’s long history as a vibrant catalyst for innovation and technology,” Jonathan Spalter, the president and CEO of industry group USTelecom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ustelecom.org/news/press-release/ustelecom-statement-net-neutrality-bill-california-state-senate\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement.\u003c/a> “The internet must be governed by a single, uniform and consistent national policy framework, not state-by-state piecemeal approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verizon and AT&T are members of USTelecom. \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2018/08/calif-senate-approves-net-neutrality-rules-sends-bill-to-governor/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ArsTechnica reports\u003c/a> that the group has in fact “consistently fought against both federal and state-level net neutrality rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group had earlier promised to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ustelecom.org/blog/all-americans-deserve-equal-rights-online\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">“aggressively challenge”\u003c/a> — sue — state and local governments that try to enact net neutrality regulations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Lawmakers+Pass+Net+Neutrality+Bill&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Nextdoor Co-founder Prakash Janakiraman\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nextdoor allows neighbors to create private online networks to share resources and information with each other. According to the company, more than 180,000 neighborhoods across the U.S. and Europe are using Nextdoor’s platform to connect and share hyperlocal content. We talk with \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nextdoor co-founder and chief architect \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003ci>Prakash Janakiraman\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Reddit Vice President Melissa Tidwell\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since its launch in 2005, the online forum Reddit has become one of the most popular websites in the U.S. But with its growth comes a growing debate about how to protect free speech while fighting online bullying. We talk to Reddit vice president and general counsel \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003ci>Melissa Tidwell \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">about the challenges of policing hate speech and how to close Silicon Valley’s diversity gap.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Brandless CEO Tina Sharkey\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brandless wants to woo customers by ditching brand labels and setting a single price tag of $3 for all its products. The e-commerce company’s inventory includes food and everyday necessities like office and kitchen supplies.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We talk to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">co-founder and CEO \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003ci>Tina Sharkey.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ripple CEO Adam Lowry\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bay Area entrepreneur Adam Lowry created Method, a line of environmentally friendly cleaning products. After selling Method in 2012, Lowry looked for a project that he hoped would reduce consumers’ carbon footprint. That’s the basis for Ripple Foods, whose flagship product is a nondairy milk alternative made from peas. We talk to CEO \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003ci>Adam Lowry.\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency announced Thursday it has chosen two companies — Scoot and Skip — to launch a yearlong test of electric standup rental scooters in the city. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA, which could have chosen as many as five companies to operate a total of 2,500 scooters in the city during 12-month pilot, said the two companies will begin service by mid-October. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skip and Scoot will each be allowed to operate 625 scooters for the first six months of the program. The SFMTA may double the total number of scooters the companies can operate in the pilot’s final six months. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scoot has operated shared electric mopeds in the city since 2012. Skip, formerly known as Waybots, launched its first scooters in Washington, D.C., earlier this year. Both companies are headquartered in San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision means that the three companies that touched off a short-lived scooter controversy in the city when they launched in San Francisco last spring — Bird, Lime and Spin — have been excluded from operating in the city for the next year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them — Lime — said it plans to appeal the SFMTA’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/08/application_rating_summary_table_08.320.2018.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">it scored the dozen scooter applicants\u003c/a> on 12 categories, including their plans to educate customers on safe riding, proposals for outreach to low-income residents and approach to sustainability in operating and disposing of their scooter fleets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency hopes to use data from the scooter pilot to determine how the vehicles fit into the overall scheme of San Francisco’s transportation network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA said Scoot and Skip provided the strongest proposals, demonstrating “not only a commitment to meet the terms of the permit, but a high level of capability to operating a safe, equitable and accountable scooter share service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the pilot program’s rules, companies denied permits can appeal the agency’s decision — an option that Lime said it planned to exercise. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Franciscans deserve an equitable and transparent process when it comes to transportation and mobility,” Lime CEO Toby Sun said in a statement. “Instead, the SFMTA has selected inexperienced scooter operators that plan to learn on the job, at the expense of the public good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lime was also shut out of the city’s dockless bike share program — a competition won by Jump, which was allowed in January to place 250 electric-assist bicycles on city streets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The SFMTA’s handling of the dockless bike and scooter share programs has lacked transparency from the beginning,” Sun said in his statement. “We call on the mayor’s office and Board of Supervisors to hold the SFMTA accountable for a flawed permitting process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird and Spin issued statements after the permit announcement expressing disappointment — but mentioned no plans to appeal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California-based Bird said it would work with the city and community to bring its scooters back to the city after the pilot. Spin said it hopes that the city will allow an expansion of the pilot program that would allow it to participate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies won an apparently wide and enthusiastic following as they placed thousands of their mini-vehicles on the streets beginning in late March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they were criticized for distributing the scooters without city permission and were blamed for widespread scofflaw behavior on the part of customers, many of whom rode on sidewalks, failed to wear helmets and dumped the scooters in the public right-of-way when they were finished riding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Public Works crews began seizing haphazardly parked scooters — eventually impounding 374 of the vehicles. The SFMTA says the companies paid $45,510.26 in all to retrieve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors passed an ordinance in late April that directed the SFMTA to create a permitting process for scooter operations, and the agency began taking applications at the end of May. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline for applications was June 7 — the same date that Bird, Lime and Spin were ordered to remove their machines from city streets pending grant of the pilot permits. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them — Lime — said it plans to appeal the SFMTA’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/08/application_rating_summary_table_08.320.2018.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">it scored the dozen scooter applicants\u003c/a> on 12 categories, including their plans to educate customers on safe riding, proposals for outreach to low-income residents and approach to sustainability in operating and disposing of their scooter fleets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency hopes to use data from the scooter pilot to determine how the vehicles fit into the overall scheme of San Francisco’s transportation network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFMTA said Scoot and Skip provided the strongest proposals, demonstrating “not only a commitment to meet the terms of the permit, but a high level of capability to operating a safe, equitable and accountable scooter share service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the pilot program’s rules, companies denied permits can appeal the agency’s decision — an option that Lime said it planned to exercise. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Franciscans deserve an equitable and transparent process when it comes to transportation and mobility,” Lime CEO Toby Sun said in a statement. “Instead, the SFMTA has selected inexperienced scooter operators that plan to learn on the job, at the expense of the public good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lime was also shut out of the city’s dockless bike share program — a competition won by Jump, which was allowed in January to place 250 electric-assist bicycles on city streets. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The SFMTA’s handling of the dockless bike and scooter share programs has lacked transparency from the beginning,” Sun said in his statement. “We call on the mayor’s office and Board of Supervisors to hold the SFMTA accountable for a flawed permitting process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bird and Spin issued statements after the permit announcement expressing disappointment — but mentioned no plans to appeal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California-based Bird said it would work with the city and community to bring its scooters back to the city after the pilot. Spin said it hopes that the city will allow an expansion of the pilot program that would allow it to participate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies won an apparently wide and enthusiastic following as they placed thousands of their mini-vehicles on the streets beginning in late March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they were criticized for distributing the scooters without city permission and were blamed for widespread scofflaw behavior on the part of customers, many of whom rode on sidewalks, failed to wear helmets and dumped the scooters in the public right-of-way when they were finished riding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Public Works crews began seizing haphazardly parked scooters — eventually impounding 374 of the vehicles. The SFMTA says the companies paid $45,510.26 in all to retrieve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors passed an ordinance in late April that directed the SFMTA to create a permitting process for scooter operations, and the agency began taking applications at the end of May. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadline for applications was June 7 — the same date that Bird, Lime and Spin were ordered to remove their machines from city streets pending grant of the pilot permits. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>While housing costs in California have skyrocketed, what is often the second biggest expense for a household is commonly overlooked and is contributing to the surge in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-poverty advocates have called for measures to provide low-income residents more assistance with transportation costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to reliable transportation is crucial to maintaining stable employment, reaching educational opportunities, caring for family and staying healthy, they said. But there is no consistent safety net to help struggling people meet that need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/images/nbhds_exec_summary.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by Harvard University found access to transportation is the single biggest factor in the odds of escaping poverty and avoiding homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are so many people that just cannot make ends meet before you even get to the concept of transportation,\" said Veronica Lewis, a director at Homeless Outreach Programs Integrated System, or HOPICS, one of the largest homeless service providers in Los Angeles. \"Honestly, it's one of the biggest barriers for some of our clients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes Oscar Ramos, formerly homeless, for whom HOPICS has recently secured temporary housing at a hotel in Long Beach. Ramos is in the process of documenting medical issues and applying for Social Security benefits, so he has regular appointments he needs to get to in downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The journey from his new housing in Long Beach will take more than an hour on a train and a bus with walking in between. HOPICS provides Ramos with transit tokens as a form of temporary relief, but without the emergency assistance he has few options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walk,\" he said. \"I've got some new shoes and the heels are already messed up from walking so much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs Quickly Add Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $1.75 L.A. Metro ticket doesn't sound like much, but taking multiple trips a day adds up quickly. A monthly pass might save Ramos money, but at $76, it would eat up a third of the assistance he gets to cover his monthly expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't figure out a way to increase people's access, reduce the burden of taking care of their business, getting to and fro, the problem will continue to get worse,\" Lewis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HOPICS cobbles together transportation support from a patchwork of public subsidies, but it's not enough. The nonprofit draws on its general budget to buy extra Metro tokens and run a fleet of vans, using funds it gets through foundations, the city and county that could otherwise be put to services like housing, health care and job training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis wants to see more coordinated efforts to strengthen the transportation safety net, not only for people like Ramos, but for low-income communities before they fall into homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seattle Is Working on a Solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many advocates point to a program in the Seattle area as a model for such an approach. It's the first big city in the country to try a simple idea: Charge low-income people less to use transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We knew that there is a population that can't afford to use public transportation, and that it's a very vulnerable population that we wanted to make sure we reached,\" said Christina O'Claire, a manager with King County Metro Transit, which runs the \u003ca href=\"https://kingcounty.gov/depts/transportation/metro/fares-orca/orca-cards/lift.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ORCA LIFT\u003c/a> low-income discount program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds obvious, but what King County has done is pretty unique: They cut the base fares for single rides and passes on all forms of transit in the county by about half, and partnered with other social service agencies to enroll people when they pick up food stamps or go to the doctor. So far they've signed up about 70,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, many transit agencies offer discounts to students, seniors or the disabled, but there are very few programs for low-income people who don't fit into those groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some exceptions, though none as comprehensive or deeply discounted as Seattle's. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority offers about a 20 percent discount on its monthly pass and is working on allowing users to pay in weekly installments, instead of $76 on the first of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency offers steeply discounted bus passes for $38 a month. In coming months, three more Bay Area transit agencies will join a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.bayareametro.gov/posts/523-mtc-meeting-wrap-commission-offers-support-proposed-bart-tod-policy-approves-pilot-program\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pilot program\u003c/a> with at least 20 percent off fares on Bay Area Rapid Transit, Caltrain and Golden Gate Transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping With Fares Isn't the Only Answer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But simply addressing the dollar cost might not be enough to really help low-income people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They also need something that can work for them in terms of time cost,\" said Marlon Boarnet, chair of the urban planning department at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Boarnet co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://priceschool.usc.edu/how-transit-affects-job-seekers-first-and-last-mile-to-the-station-make-all-the-difference/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of how different modes of transportation affect access to jobs by low-income workers in San Diego County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found transit is not nearly as good at connecting people to the labor market as cars,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers had access to 30 times the number of jobs within a half-hour commute compared to those who relied on public transportation. The time disparity is particularly fraught for low-wage workers who may have odd hours, work overnight and can often be docked pay or fired for being late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cost of owning a vehicle can be prohibitive. One s\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_704LRR.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tudy\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California found low-income people in the San Francisco Bay Area spent about 10 times as much on transportation if they drove compared to taking transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Boarnet found that simply shortening the time it takes people get to transit stops could improve people's job access considerably. It would be the equivalent of adding 25 percent more buses and trains throughout the public transit system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What could help make transit a better job access tool? One answer is dockless bikes, e-bikes and scooters,\" Boarnet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Casting a Broader Safety Net\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes emerging technologies can offer big benefits to low-income people who can't afford cars. But he said it's up to policymakers to ensure the services are accessible to people who need them most, like Oscar Ramos, who doesn't have a phone or a credit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boarnet said the transportation safety net may need to be broader to include solutions to banking, smartphones and subsidies for the many private services that are filling gaps in the transportation network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no one size fits all,\" said Lewis at HOPICS. \"The people that come into our office have all kinds of stories and experiences and needs, so we have to be able to do all those things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization was able to give Ramos a van ride to his new housing in Long Beach. It's just one step in a long haul toward getting on his feet, but Ramos was heartened that he's further down the road to a better future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have five children. You don't know how much that would mean to me — to be able to have a good paying job, a house for them to come stay the night,\" he said. \"The joy would just fill my heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1867\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Discounted transit fares and subsidies for new shared mobility tech, like scooters and ride-share, could help low-income people stay on their feet.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While housing costs in California have skyrocketed, what is often the second biggest expense for a household is commonly overlooked and is contributing to the surge in homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-poverty advocates have called for measures to provide low-income residents more assistance with transportation costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to reliable transportation is crucial to maintaining stable employment, reaching educational opportunities, caring for family and staying healthy, they said. But there is no consistent safety net to help struggling people meet that need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/images/nbhds_exec_summary.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> by Harvard University found access to transportation is the single biggest factor in the odds of escaping poverty and avoiding homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are so many people that just cannot make ends meet before you even get to the concept of transportation,\" said Veronica Lewis, a director at Homeless Outreach Programs Integrated System, or HOPICS, one of the largest homeless service providers in Los Angeles. \"Honestly, it's one of the biggest barriers for some of our clients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes Oscar Ramos, formerly homeless, for whom HOPICS has recently secured temporary housing at a hotel in Long Beach. Ramos is in the process of documenting medical issues and applying for Social Security benefits, so he has regular appointments he needs to get to in downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The journey from his new housing in Long Beach will take more than an hour on a train and a bus with walking in between. HOPICS provides Ramos with transit tokens as a form of temporary relief, but without the emergency assistance he has few options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walk,\" he said. \"I've got some new shoes and the heels are already messed up from walking so much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Costs Quickly Add Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A $1.75 L.A. Metro ticket doesn't sound like much, but taking multiple trips a day adds up quickly. A monthly pass might save Ramos money, but at $76, it would eat up a third of the assistance he gets to cover his monthly expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't figure out a way to increase people's access, reduce the burden of taking care of their business, getting to and fro, the problem will continue to get worse,\" Lewis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HOPICS cobbles together transportation support from a patchwork of public subsidies, but it's not enough. The nonprofit draws on its general budget to buy extra Metro tokens and run a fleet of vans, using funds it gets through foundations, the city and county that could otherwise be put to services like housing, health care and job training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis wants to see more coordinated efforts to strengthen the transportation safety net, not only for people like Ramos, but for low-income communities before they fall into homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seattle Is Working on a Solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many advocates point to a program in the Seattle area as a model for such an approach. It's the first big city in the country to try a simple idea: Charge low-income people less to use transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We knew that there is a population that can't afford to use public transportation, and that it's a very vulnerable population that we wanted to make sure we reached,\" said Christina O'Claire, a manager with King County Metro Transit, which runs the \u003ca href=\"https://kingcounty.gov/depts/transportation/metro/fares-orca/orca-cards/lift.aspx\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ORCA LIFT\u003c/a> low-income discount program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds obvious, but what King County has done is pretty unique: They cut the base fares for single rides and passes on all forms of transit in the county by about half, and partnered with other social service agencies to enroll people when they pick up food stamps or go to the doctor. So far they've signed up about 70,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, many transit agencies offer discounts to students, seniors or the disabled, but there are very few programs for low-income people who don't fit into those groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some exceptions, though none as comprehensive or deeply discounted as Seattle's. The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority offers about a 20 percent discount on its monthly pass and is working on allowing users to pay in weekly installments, instead of $76 on the first of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency offers steeply discounted bus passes for $38 a month. In coming months, three more Bay Area transit agencies will join a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.bayareametro.gov/posts/523-mtc-meeting-wrap-commission-offers-support-proposed-bart-tod-policy-approves-pilot-program\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pilot program\u003c/a> with at least 20 percent off fares on Bay Area Rapid Transit, Caltrain and Golden Gate Transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping With Fares Isn't the Only Answer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But simply addressing the dollar cost might not be enough to really help low-income people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They also need something that can work for them in terms of time cost,\" said Marlon Boarnet, chair of the urban planning department at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Boarnet co-authored a \u003ca href=\"https://priceschool.usc.edu/how-transit-affects-job-seekers-first-and-last-mile-to-the-station-make-all-the-difference/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of how different modes of transportation affect access to jobs by low-income workers in San Diego County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found transit is not nearly as good at connecting people to the labor market as cars,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers had access to 30 times the number of jobs within a half-hour commute compared to those who relied on public transportation. The time disparity is particularly fraught for low-wage workers who may have odd hours, work overnight and can often be docked pay or fired for being late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cost of owning a vehicle can be prohibitive. One s\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_704LRR.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tudy\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California found low-income people in the San Francisco Bay Area spent about 10 times as much on transportation if they drove compared to taking transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Boarnet found that simply shortening the time it takes people get to transit stops could improve people's job access considerably. It would be the equivalent of adding 25 percent more buses and trains throughout the public transit system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What could help make transit a better job access tool? One answer is dockless bikes, e-bikes and scooters,\" Boarnet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Casting a Broader Safety Net\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes emerging technologies can offer big benefits to low-income people who can't afford cars. But he said it's up to policymakers to ensure the services are accessible to people who need them most, like Oscar Ramos, who doesn't have a phone or a credit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boarnet said the transportation safety net may need to be broader to include solutions to banking, smartphones and subsidies for the many private services that are filling gaps in the transportation network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no one size fits all,\" said Lewis at HOPICS. \"The people that come into our office have all kinds of stories and experiences and needs, so we have to be able to do all those things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization was able to give Ramos a van ride to his new housing in Long Beach. It's just one step in a long haul toward getting on his feet, but Ramos was heartened that he's further down the road to a better future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have five children. You don't know how much that would mean to me — to be able to have a good paying job, a house for them to come stay the night,\" he said. \"The joy would just fill my heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a pair of early morning tweets, President Trump accused \"\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretrumpalgo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google & others\u003c/a>\" of suppressing conservative viewpoints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's chief economic adviser, Larry Kudlow, later suggested that government regulation of Google may be an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google quickly responded to the president's attack, claiming \"we never rank search results to manipulate political sentiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a pair of early morning tweets, President Trump accused \"\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretrumpalgo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google & others\u003c/a>\" of suppressing conservative viewpoints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's chief economic adviser, Larry Kudlow, later suggested that government regulation of Google may be an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google quickly responded to the president's attack, claiming \"we never rank search results to manipulate political sentiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — President Trump lashed out at U.S. tech companies Tuesday, accusing Google and others of suppressing conservative voices and \"hiding information\" and good news. He cited no evidence for the claim, which echoes both his own attacks on the press and a conservative talking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google, operator of the world's most popular search engine, responded by saying: \"We never rank search results to manipulate political sentiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted before dawn: \"This is a very serious situation-will be addressed!\" Hours later, Larry Kudlow, the president's top economic adviser, said the White House is \"taking a look\" at whether Google searches should be subject to some government regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made similar complaints before, but he carried it a step farther Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Google search results for 'Trump News' shows only the viewing/reporting of Fake New Media. In other words, they have it RIGGED, for me & others, so that almost all stories & news is BAD. Fake CNN is prominent. Republican/Conservative & Fair Media is shut out. Illegal?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, without offering evidence, that \"96% of results on \"Trump News\" are from National Left-Wing Media, very dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1034456281120206848\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A query Tuesday morning several hours after the president tweeted found stories from CNN, ABC News, Fox News and the MarketWatch business site, among others. A similar search later in the day for \"Trump\" had Fox News, the president's favored cable network, among the top results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted that Google and others \"are controlling what we can & cannot see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Google said its goal is to make sure users of its search engine get the most relevant answers to their queries quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Search is not used to set a political agenda and we don't bias our results toward any political ideology,\" the Mountain View-based company said. \"Every year, we issue hundreds of improvements to our algorithms to ensure they surface high-quality content in response to users' queries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We continually work to improve Google Search and we never rank search results to manipulate political sentiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google searches aim to surface the most relevant pages in response to a user's query, even before he or she finishes typing. The answers that appear first are the ones Google's formulas, with some help from human content reviewers, deem to be the most authoritative, informative and relevant. Many factors help decide the initial results, including how much time people spend on a page, how many other pages link to it, how well it's designed and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A search for \"why is the sky blue?\" for example, yields initial results from NASA, universities and \"Scientific American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, entering \"Trump\" and clicking the \"news\" tab will produce results from mainstream media outlets that large swaths of the population tend to trust -- even though Trump has derided some of these outlets as \"fake news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and some supporters have long accused Silicon Valley companies of being biased against them. But, while some company executives may lean liberal, they have long asserted that their products are without political bias, and indeed no such bias has been proved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump didn't say what he based his tweets on. But in a blog post over the weekend, conservative activist Paula Bolyard had said she found \"blatant prioritization of left-leaning and anti-Trump media outlets\" in search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolyard based her judgments on which media outlets were left- or right-leaning on a list by Sharyl Attkisson, host of Sinclair Television's \"Full Measure\" and author of \"The Smear: How Shady Political Operatives and Fake News Control What You See, What You Think, and How You Vote.\" Sinclair is a significant outlet for conservative views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump began complaining about the issue earlier this month as social media companies moved to ban right-wing \"Infowars\" conspiracy theorist Alex Jones from their platforms. The president also argues regularly — and falsely — that the news media avoid writing positive stories about him and his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple, YouTube and Spotify have permanently removed some of Jones' content, Facebook has suspended him for 30 days and removed some of his pages, and Twitter gave Jones a weeklong timeout and was mulling deeper changes to try to limit the spread of fake news, misinformation and hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not named Jones, who is being sued for saying the 2012 shooting massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School was staged, in any tweets on the issue. Jones has since said he believes the shooting did occur and has argued that the lawsuit should be dismissed because he was acting as a journalist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has praised Jones' \"amazing\" reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is also of concern on Capitol Hill, where the House Energy and Commerce Committee, chaired by Rep. Greg Walden, R-Ore., recently announced that Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey will testify before the panel on Sept. 5 about the platform's algorithms and content monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ortutay reported from New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Darlene Superville and Barbara Ortutay on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dsupervilleap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.twitter.com/dsupervilleap\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/barbaraortutay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.twitter.com/barbaraortutay\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — President Trump lashed out at U.S. tech companies Tuesday, accusing Google and others of suppressing conservative voices and \"hiding information\" and good news. He cited no evidence for the claim, which echoes both his own attacks on the press and a conservative talking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google, operator of the world's most popular search engine, responded by saying: \"We never rank search results to manipulate political sentiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted before dawn: \"This is a very serious situation-will be addressed!\" Hours later, Larry Kudlow, the president's top economic adviser, said the White House is \"taking a look\" at whether Google searches should be subject to some government regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made similar complaints before, but he carried it a step farther Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Google search results for 'Trump News' shows only the viewing/reporting of Fake New Media. In other words, they have it RIGGED, for me & others, so that almost all stories & news is BAD. Fake CNN is prominent. Republican/Conservative & Fair Media is shut out. Illegal?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, without offering evidence, that \"96% of results on \"Trump News\" are from National Left-Wing Media, very dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>A query Tuesday morning several hours after the president tweeted found stories from CNN, ABC News, Fox News and the MarketWatch business site, among others. A similar search later in the day for \"Trump\" had Fox News, the president's favored cable network, among the top results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted that Google and others \"are controlling what we can & cannot see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Google said its goal is to make sure users of its search engine get the most relevant answers to their queries quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Search is not used to set a political agenda and we don't bias our results toward any political ideology,\" the Mountain View-based company said. \"Every year, we issue hundreds of improvements to our algorithms to ensure they surface high-quality content in response to users' queries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We continually work to improve Google Search and we never rank search results to manipulate political sentiment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google searches aim to surface the most relevant pages in response to a user's query, even before he or she finishes typing. The answers that appear first are the ones Google's formulas, with some help from human content reviewers, deem to be the most authoritative, informative and relevant. Many factors help decide the initial results, including how much time people spend on a page, how many other pages link to it, how well it's designed and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A search for \"why is the sky blue?\" for example, yields initial results from NASA, universities and \"Scientific American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, entering \"Trump\" and clicking the \"news\" tab will produce results from mainstream media outlets that large swaths of the population tend to trust -- even though Trump has derided some of these outlets as \"fake news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and some supporters have long accused Silicon Valley companies of being biased against them. But, while some company executives may lean liberal, they have long asserted that their products are without political bias, and indeed no such bias has been proved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump didn't say what he based his tweets on. But in a blog post over the weekend, conservative activist Paula Bolyard had said she found \"blatant prioritization of left-leaning and anti-Trump media outlets\" in search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolyard based her judgments on which media outlets were left- or right-leaning on a list by Sharyl Attkisson, host of Sinclair Television's \"Full Measure\" and author of \"The Smear: How Shady Political Operatives and Fake News Control What You See, What You Think, and How You Vote.\" Sinclair is a significant outlet for conservative views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump began complaining about the issue earlier this month as social media companies moved to ban right-wing \"Infowars\" conspiracy theorist Alex Jones from their platforms. The president also argues regularly — and falsely — that the news media avoid writing positive stories about him and his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple, YouTube and Spotify have permanently removed some of Jones' content, Facebook has suspended him for 30 days and removed some of his pages, and Twitter gave Jones a weeklong timeout and was mulling deeper changes to try to limit the spread of fake news, misinformation and hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not named Jones, who is being sued for saying the 2012 shooting massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School was staged, in any tweets on the issue. Jones has since said he believes the shooting did occur and has argued that the lawsuit should be dismissed because he was acting as a journalist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has praised Jones' \"amazing\" reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is also of concern on Capitol Hill, where the House Energy and Commerce Committee, chaired by Rep. Greg Walden, R-Ore., recently announced that Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey will testify before the panel on Sept. 5 about the platform's algorithms and content monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ortutay reported from New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Darlene Superville and Barbara Ortutay on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dsupervilleap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.twitter.com/dsupervilleap\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/barbaraortutay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.twitter.com/barbaraortutay\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Discover Neuron That is Unique to the Human Brain",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have taken another step toward understanding what makes the human brain unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international team has identified a kind of brain cell that exists in people but not mice, the team \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-018-0205-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> Monday in the journal \u003cem>Nature Neuroscience.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This particular type of cell had properties that had never actually been described in another species,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/about/team/staff-profiles/ed-lein/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ed Lein\u003c/a>, one of the study's authors and an investigator at the \u003cem>Allen Institute for Brain Science \u003c/em>in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could help explain why many experimental treatments for brain disorders have worked in mice, but failed in people. It could also provide new clues to scientists who study human brain disorders ranging from autism to Alzheimer's disease to schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may be that in order to fully understand psychiatric disorders, we need to get access to these special types of neurons that exist only in humans,\" says \u003ca href=\"National%20Institute%20of%20Mental%20Health,%20which%20helped%20fund%20the%20research.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Gordon\u003c/a>, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, which helped fund the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have suggested several other brain cells that might be unique to humans. But these cells have either been \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17441195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found in other species\u003c/a>, or the evidence for them has been less convincing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is still possible that these newly identified neurons will also be found the brains of primates like monkeys or chimps, Lein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain cells have been named \"rose hip neurons\" by a team at the University of Szeged in Hungary, which played a key role in the discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientist named \u003ca href=\"http://tamaslab.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gábor Tamás\u003c/a> and members of his lab were studying brain cells called inhibitory neurons, which act like the brakes in a car. They tell other brain cells when to slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamas was recording electrical signals from inhibitory neurons taken from the cortex of two men who had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the course of doing these recordings, he started to notice a very distinctive type of cell that, to him, had the shape of a rose after the petals have fallen off,\" Lein says. \"So he called them the rose hip cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By chance, scientists at the Allen Institute had also identified these cells using an entirely different approach, a new technique that allowed them to detect the genes that are switched on in human brain cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the researchers combined what they had learned and confirmed that rose hip cells were a distinct subtype of inhibitory neurons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding challenges earlier evidence that the human brain is merely bigger and more sophisticated than a mouse brain. At some point, humans acquired at least one kind of brain cell that a mouse doesn't have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren't sure exactly what rose hip cells do, though they appear to be involved in the controlling the flow of information in specific areas of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regardless of their precise function, the discovery of rose hip neurons has implications for brain research. For one thing, \"it throws some doubt on the ability to use the mouse to study certain elements of human function and disease,\" Lein says. And because rose hip neurons are a type of inhibitory neuron, they could play a role in mental illness, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These types of cells [inhibitory neurons] are extremely important,\" he says. And when there's dysfunction in them, he says, that can \"directly be linked to different types of neuropsychiatric disease, like schizophrenia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The identification of rose hip neurons is part of a much larger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-brain-initiative-launches-cell-census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effort\u003c/a> by the National Institutes of Health to identify every type of cell found in the brains of mice, monkeys and people. It is also part of the federal \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/04/02/fact-sheet-brain-initiative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BRAIN Initiative\u003c/a> announced by President Barack Obama in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These initiatives are taking advantage of new technologies that are likely to reveal other brain cells that exist in people but not animals, Gordon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's very, very likely that this is the tip of the iceberg,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Makes+A+Human+Brain+Unique%3F+A+Newly+Discovered+Neuron+May+Be+A+Clue&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have taken another step toward understanding what makes the human brain unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international team has identified a kind of brain cell that exists in people but not mice, the team \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41593-018-0205-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> Monday in the journal \u003cem>Nature Neuroscience.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This particular type of cell had properties that had never actually been described in another species,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/about/team/staff-profiles/ed-lein/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ed Lein\u003c/a>, one of the study's authors and an investigator at the \u003cem>Allen Institute for Brain Science \u003c/em>in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could help explain why many experimental treatments for brain disorders have worked in mice, but failed in people. It could also provide new clues to scientists who study human brain disorders ranging from autism to Alzheimer's disease to schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may be that in order to fully understand psychiatric disorders, we need to get access to these special types of neurons that exist only in humans,\" says \u003ca href=\"National%20Institute%20of%20Mental%20Health,%20which%20helped%20fund%20the%20research.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Gordon\u003c/a>, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, which helped fund the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have suggested several other brain cells that might be unique to humans. But these cells have either been \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17441195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found in other species\u003c/a>, or the evidence for them has been less convincing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is still possible that these newly identified neurons will also be found the brains of primates like monkeys or chimps, Lein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brain cells have been named \"rose hip neurons\" by a team at the University of Szeged in Hungary, which played a key role in the discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientist named \u003ca href=\"http://tamaslab.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gábor Tamás\u003c/a> and members of his lab were studying brain cells called inhibitory neurons, which act like the brakes in a car. They tell other brain cells when to slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamas was recording electrical signals from inhibitory neurons taken from the cortex of two men who had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the course of doing these recordings, he started to notice a very distinctive type of cell that, to him, had the shape of a rose after the petals have fallen off,\" Lein says. \"So he called them the rose hip cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By chance, scientists at the Allen Institute had also identified these cells using an entirely different approach, a new technique that allowed them to detect the genes that are switched on in human brain cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the researchers combined what they had learned and confirmed that rose hip cells were a distinct subtype of inhibitory neurons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding challenges earlier evidence that the human brain is merely bigger and more sophisticated than a mouse brain. At some point, humans acquired at least one kind of brain cell that a mouse doesn't have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren't sure exactly what rose hip cells do, though they appear to be involved in the controlling the flow of information in specific areas of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regardless of their precise function, the discovery of rose hip neurons has implications for brain research. For one thing, \"it throws some doubt on the ability to use the mouse to study certain elements of human function and disease,\" Lein says. And because rose hip neurons are a type of inhibitory neuron, they could play a role in mental illness, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These types of cells [inhibitory neurons] are extremely important,\" he says. And when there's dysfunction in them, he says, that can \"directly be linked to different types of neuropsychiatric disease, like schizophrenia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The identification of rose hip neurons is part of a much larger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-brain-initiative-launches-cell-census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effort\u003c/a> by the National Institutes of Health to identify every type of cell found in the brains of mice, monkeys and people. It is also part of the federal \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/04/02/fact-sheet-brain-initiative\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BRAIN Initiative\u003c/a> announced by President Barack Obama in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These initiatives are taking advantage of new technologies that are likely to reveal other brain cells that exist in people but not animals, Gordon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's very, very likely that this is the tip of the iceberg,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Makes+A+Human+Brain+Unique%3F+A+Newly+Discovered+Neuron+May+Be+A+Clue&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "America's Vaccine Wars Stoked By Russian Bots and Troll Armies",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">In the lead-up to the 2016 U.S. election, Russian bots and trolls took to Twitter and other social media platforms to try to turn Americans against one another. But in addition to spreading false information and interfering in the election, a new study reports, a significant number of these malevolent actors tried to sow discord over vaccines.[contextly_sidebar id=\"U9m2Xosa038xtsfDSwPz5O7TUvqWe42O\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">An \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis of Twitter accounts\u003c/a> previously identified as having been operated by Russian bots and trolls found they dove into the vaccine debate as early as January 2015, the researchers reported. They did not take one side or the other, but seemed to tweet pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine messages in roughly equal measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">On a variety of issues, the overall aim of the Russian campaign appeared to be to erode social cohesion and generate confusion by amplifying the number of voices taking part in these debates on social media. But in the case of vaccines, that could have increased the misperception that the science on their safety and effectiveness isn’t settled — as is the case — but rather that it is still subject to debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“We do have a very strong suspicion that these accounts were attempting to generate discord,” said David Broniatowski, assistant professor in George Washington University’s department of engineering management and systems engineering and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, published Thursday in the American Journal of Public Health, Broniatowski and his co-authors focused on Twitter, analyzing tweets from accounts that had been identified as having been operated by Russian trolls, bots, and so-called content polluters whose aim is to disseminate spam and malware. The article is titled “Weaponized Health Communications: Twitter Bots and Russian Trolls Amplify the Vaccine Debate.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"9QtW5fawtVoxY4YEBFmA2GatrjvQlfvd\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared tweets from the accounts to a selection of tweets from other users to see if the trolls and bots commented on vaccines more frequently than average Twitter accounts. They did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that, yeah, indeed, this was something that does seem to be part of the lexicon of what some of these bots and trolls use,” Broniatowski told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the division of pro- and anti-vacccine tweets was roughly equal, that still skewed the picture of views on vaccines on Twitter, he noted, pointing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/02/02/vast-majority-of-americans-say-benefits-of-childhood-vaccines-outweigh-risks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data from the Pew Trust\u003c/a> that shows the vast majority of Americans support vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always been a little puzzled why social media looks like there are so many anti-vaxxers,” said Broniatowski. “So even if somebody’s posting 50-50, compared to the Pew data, there are going to be more anti-vaxxers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious diseases physician and senior scholar at the Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said any skepticism about the safety of vaccines risks feeding the concerns of parents who are worried about having their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more the vaccine ‘debate’… is amplified it gains an undeserved sense of legitimacy and gives vaccine-hesitant individuals a pretense to forgo vaccination for themselves and their children,” said Adalja, who was harshly critical of the use of vaccinations in efforts to turn people against each other, calling it “overtly nihilistic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Twitter said that malicious accounts “are likely to target virtually any high profile conversation, since that’s where the views are.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"Q4N5GXoIo4iApYaASdjmnyeqp8POWr3L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesman, Ian Plunkett, told STAT that Twitter has aggressively ramped up preventive measures to try to keep such content from general users. In May, he noted, the platform identified and challenged nearly 10 million potentially automated accounts. “We put preemptive measures in place to ensure automated content is filtered from discoverable areas of the services — like trends and search. It’s possible that may users did not see this content before it was suspended,” Plunkett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, too, were unsurprised that Russian trolls and bots would delve into vaccines discussions, given the heat the topic can generate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccination links to deep values around protection, health, harm, and the social contract,” said Julie Leask, an associate professor at the University of Sydney’s Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery who researches vaccine refusal. “People become highly invested in the discussion, and highly reactive to the notion that people refuse vaccines. The expression of sentiment at the margins — very pro- and very anti-vaccine — generates emotional energy and clicks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Dunn, an associate professor in the Center for Health Informatics at Australia’s Macquarie University, said responding to this type of activity by internet bots and trolls would be challenging for public health authorities and may rely on the rooting out of the malicious accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The responsibility of managing the health of online conversations may … fall to Twitter itself, and work like this demonstrating the potential for real harm to human health provides a strong impetus for Twitter to act more often and more quickly to identify, isolate, or remove bots and trolls,” Dunn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the accounts Broniatowski’s group studied have since been shut down, he said. But freeing the Twitter platform of bots and trolls is like playing whack-a-mole, he suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Leask wasn’t certain how Twitter would have an outsized impact on vaccination decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When parents decide not to vaccinate, the decision isn’t usually taken lightly and a few tweets from bots are unlikely to change this trajectory,” she said. “The decision process is much more complex and centered on beliefs, experience and notions of what it means to be a ‘good parent’ held within that community. What we still need to establish is the relative role of social media independent of the influence of peer networks.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">In the lead-up to the 2016 U.S. election, Russian bots and trolls took to Twitter and other social media platforms to try to turn Americans against one another. But in addition to spreading false information and interfering in the election, a new study reports, a significant number of these malevolent actors tried to sow discord over vaccines.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">An \u003ca href=\"https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis of Twitter accounts\u003c/a> previously identified as having been operated by Russian bots and trolls found they dove into the vaccine debate as early as January 2015, the researchers reported. They did not take one side or the other, but seemed to tweet pro-vaccine and anti-vaccine messages in roughly equal measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">On a variety of issues, the overall aim of the Russian campaign appeared to be to erode social cohesion and generate confusion by amplifying the number of voices taking part in these debates on social media. But in the case of vaccines, that could have increased the misperception that the science on their safety and effectiveness isn’t settled — as is the case — but rather that it is still subject to debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“We do have a very strong suspicion that these accounts were attempting to generate discord,” said David Broniatowski, assistant professor in George Washington University’s department of engineering management and systems engineering and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, published Thursday in the American Journal of Public Health, Broniatowski and his co-authors focused on Twitter, analyzing tweets from accounts that had been identified as having been operated by Russian trolls, bots, and so-called content polluters whose aim is to disseminate spam and malware. The article is titled “Weaponized Health Communications: Twitter Bots and Russian Trolls Amplify the Vaccine Debate.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared tweets from the accounts to a selection of tweets from other users to see if the trolls and bots commented on vaccines more frequently than average Twitter accounts. They did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that, yeah, indeed, this was something that does seem to be part of the lexicon of what some of these bots and trolls use,” Broniatowski told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the division of pro- and anti-vacccine tweets was roughly equal, that still skewed the picture of views on vaccines on Twitter, he noted, pointing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/02/02/vast-majority-of-americans-say-benefits-of-childhood-vaccines-outweigh-risks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data from the Pew Trust\u003c/a> that shows the vast majority of Americans support vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always been a little puzzled why social media looks like there are so many anti-vaxxers,” said Broniatowski. “So even if somebody’s posting 50-50, compared to the Pew data, there are going to be more anti-vaxxers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious diseases physician and senior scholar at the Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said any skepticism about the safety of vaccines risks feeding the concerns of parents who are worried about having their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more the vaccine ‘debate’… is amplified it gains an undeserved sense of legitimacy and gives vaccine-hesitant individuals a pretense to forgo vaccination for themselves and their children,” said Adalja, who was harshly critical of the use of vaccinations in efforts to turn people against each other, calling it “overtly nihilistic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Twitter said that malicious accounts “are likely to target virtually any high profile conversation, since that’s where the views are.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesman, Ian Plunkett, told STAT that Twitter has aggressively ramped up preventive measures to try to keep such content from general users. In May, he noted, the platform identified and challenged nearly 10 million potentially automated accounts. “We put preemptive measures in place to ensure automated content is filtered from discoverable areas of the services — like trends and search. It’s possible that may users did not see this content before it was suspended,” Plunkett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, too, were unsurprised that Russian trolls and bots would delve into vaccines discussions, given the heat the topic can generate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccination links to deep values around protection, health, harm, and the social contract,” said Julie Leask, an associate professor at the University of Sydney’s Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery who researches vaccine refusal. “People become highly invested in the discussion, and highly reactive to the notion that people refuse vaccines. The expression of sentiment at the margins — very pro- and very anti-vaccine — generates emotional energy and clicks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Dunn, an associate professor in the Center for Health Informatics at Australia’s Macquarie University, said responding to this type of activity by internet bots and trolls would be challenging for public health authorities and may rely on the rooting out of the malicious accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The responsibility of managing the health of online conversations may … fall to Twitter itself, and work like this demonstrating the potential for real harm to human health provides a strong impetus for Twitter to act more often and more quickly to identify, isolate, or remove bots and trolls,” Dunn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the accounts Broniatowski’s group studied have since been shut down, he said. But freeing the Twitter platform of bots and trolls is like playing whack-a-mole, he suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Leask wasn’t certain how Twitter would have an outsized impact on vaccination decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When parents decide not to vaccinate, the decision isn’t usually taken lightly and a few tweets from bots are unlikely to change this trajectory,” she said. “The decision process is much more complex and centered on beliefs, experience and notions of what it means to be a ‘good parent’ held within that community. What we still need to establish is the relative role of social media independent of the influence of peer networks.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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