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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\">Singularity University\u003c/a> isn’t really about the\u003ca href=\"https://io9.gizmodo.com/what-is-the-singularity-and-will-you-live-to-see-it-5534848\"> singularity\u003c/a>—that point in the future where new technology will change the world so drastically that it’s basically incomprehensible to people alive today. Imagine a society where humans and robots have merged into such a blissfully dystopic union that iPhone Xs are used only by the Amish to print 3D barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor is Singularity University really a university, at least not in the traditional sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picture instead a very exclusive TED Talk for vice presidents of Fortune 500 companies and assorted government leaders, who pay nearly $15,000 to spend a week on a NASA research campus in Mountain View studying topics such as the rise of artificial intelligence and digital biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you may recognize one of the alumni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/122143652\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom visited Singularity University multiple times over the past decade (a spokesman for Neseom says he was always an invited guide and neither he nor the state ever paid tuition). Among his study endeavors: a seminar on 3D printing in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Newsom, for the most part, drank the Tang, recalls Pascal Finette, Singularity’s Chair of Entrepreneurship and Open Innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To his credit, I think he spends a good amount of time to really educate himself on the future and to really understand what the future looks like,” said Finette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Newsom delivers his first State of the State speech from the Capitol. It comes just a few weeks after unveiling a $200 billion budget proposal that serves as the financial roadmap to the state he envisions. Newsom aims to do a lot of forward-looking things in the next 12 months: build homeless shelters, acquire firefighting airplanes, even (gasp) let drivers pay with credit cards at the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odds are, Newsom’s speech will focus largely on his ambitious plans to restore the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2019-20/pdf/BudgetSummary/GovernorsMessage.pdf\">California Dream\u003c/a>. But how does all that money prepare California for that dream — not just next year, but five, 15, 30 years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following are excerpts from our discussions with three experts about the issues likely to confront California at those various benchmarks on the horizon. We asked each expert what kept him up at night when contemplating that year—and how Newsom’s budget does or does not address those concerns. Interviews are edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11663478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GettyImages-861003104-e1524180315497.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11663478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GettyImages-861003104-e1524180315497.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk by a Wells Fargo bank branch on Oct. 13, 2017, in New York City. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Year: 2024\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Issue: Recession\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Expert: Patrick Murphy, a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How worried should we be that California will confront a recession in the near future?\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m not a betting person, but I would bet we’ll see [one]. What will cause it? How big? How long? I don’t have that. We’ve been in a recovery\u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-anderson-forecast-economic-slowdown-on-horizon\"> for a long time\u003c/a>, we’re in uncharted territory, and it would be quite surprising if there wasn’t a slowdown in the economy at some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What can the state do to gird itself against an economic downturn?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s two schools of thought. One would be to make sure your revenues are stable and predictable in the long term, so you don’t have the highs too high and the lows too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3703\">isn’t the course we’ve taken\u003c/a>. The course we’ve taken now is we have a volatile revenue stream, but we try to hedge our bets by socking away savings. It’s the person that doesn’t work for a salary or works piecework or consulting and has a lumpy paycheck.You have to have money in reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So what is Newsom doing in this budget for saving while the money is pouring in?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he’s continuing something that Gov. Jerry Brown had done, which is to focus on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-state-budget/\">setting money \u003c/a>aside. Part of that is constitutionally required, but what’s interesting is we’re kind of going over and above that. I’ll spare the weeds, but we’re saving more than we have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other piece is the spending that’s being done. A big chunk of it is being put under the banner of \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3916#The_Big_Picture\">one-time spending\u003c/a>. And what that really means is that you’re not commiting someone’s job or salary in the long term, where after year one you’re not committing to year two or year three or four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What about pensions?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s continuing to pay down some of those unfunded retirement liabilities — payments to retirement plans for state and local employees. That’s kind of like putting money in your 401k. You do it today; your benefits multiply over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So, grading from A to F, how does this budget fare in preparing us for a recession?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A:\u003c/b> I hate to give grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You were a professor.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A: \u003c/b>That was the worst part of the job. What I will say is that it’s showing a lot of foresight in how to invest a\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/newsom-california-spend-budget-surplus/\"> $20 billion windfall\u003c/a>. I wish I was doing this at home — I wish I was paying down my mortgage faster. This is kind of the equivalent of trying to pay down your mortgage faster knowing you’re going to benefit from it down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So … B+?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B+, yeah. I was a tough grader though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622404\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/coast-file-20171002-3782-fi0bx9-e1507740219838.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11622404\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/coast-file-20171002-3782-fi0bx9-e1507740219838.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three Arch Bay, Laguna Beach \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg\">Don Ramey Logan\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Year: 2040\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Issue: Sea Level Rise\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Expert: Will Travis, sea level rise adaptation consultant\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We’re standing right outside the Facebook Campus in Menlo Park, which sits right at sea level on the south edge of San Francisco Bay. What is this going to look like 20 years from now?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some unknown point in the future,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/22/silicon-valley-sea-level-rise-google-facebook-flood-risk\">this area will likely be fully inundated\u003c/a> by the sea. I say at some unknown point because we know \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/rising-seas-climate-change-what-you-need-to-know/\">sea level is rising\u003c/a>, and we know it will rise at an accelerated rate, but we just don’t know how fast that will happen. It depends on how effective we as a species are at reducing the emissions and carbon dioxide we put into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>It will happen, though? It’s just a question of when?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question of when. This area will flood for a day or two, and that will happen more and more frequently. Eventually the new reality will be what is now an extreme event that occurs every 10, 15, 20 years will occur every 10,15 or 20 days and then eventually all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>California’s coastline has almost always been considered an economic asset. But is that going to be the case decades from now?\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, it’s inevitable that vast parts of the coastline, which is now the most expensive real estate in the world,\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-response-rising-seas/\">will be written off\u003c/a> and have to be abandoned. That may be a more difficult crisis to deal with than the actual physical problems, because of the economic impact of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So what can the state actively do to protect against sea level rise?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the state can actively do is begin to plan for this inevitable future now. And that means sorting out what areas we can protect, how we can protect them, are we going to try to use wetlands, do we want to build higher levees? Or are there areas where we decide to pull back, perhaps prohibit new development and remove existing or older development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What did you make of Newsom’s budget?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the money in the budget to deal with climate change is really addressing mitigation, which is reducing greenhouse gases to slow the impact of climate change. The other side is adaptation, which is to acknowledge no matter how effective we are at reducing greenhouse gases, we are still going to have sea level rise in the future. Relatively speaking, there’s not much money in the governor’s budget for [adaptation] right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How would you grade his first budget on planning for a future with sea level rise?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be difficult to grade somebody like the governor who has been in office now for a [month] on a long-term issue like this. It’s like giving him a grade on a final exam when he just walked in the door to class for the first time. But I have worked with Newsom when he was mayor of San Francisco, and he could turn around and teach the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>If Facebook goes underwater, is that necessarily a bad thing?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Prolonged Pause)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11148548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Robot4-1-e1477610971173.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11148548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Robot4-1-e1477610971173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Norma, Amelia and Piper, now greeting travelers in San Jose, are the first robots to be deployed at a U.S. airport. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mineta San Jose International)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Year: 2050\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Issue: Robots and Automation\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Expert: Johannes Moenius, professor of global business at University of Redlands\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Is there a date in the future that’s a tipping point for automation?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, we don’t really know dates. We just can project certain developments and see what can happen. My personal view is we won’t see much in the next two to three years. We need to start worrying about five years from now, and then again probably by 2040. By 2050, if we haven’t solved the problems, then we’re in really bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Can you give us some examples?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think of Southern California, once self-driving trucks come on the road, [labor] replacement can happen quite quickly. All the trucks that we see on the roads right now pretty much have what they need for self-driving except for the [artificial] intelligence. You need a device a little bit smarter than a smartphone, and then you can send a truck from an on-ramp all the way across the country to an off-ramp. And that can have a major effect on employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What about the argument that automation and technological advances in the past have typically produced more jobs than they’ve replaced. In the end, isn’t it a net positive?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, historically, technological progress has been great at creating jobs. But there’s always been winners and losers. During the Industrial Revolution, some researchers estimate we saw more than 60 years of stagnant real wages. We’ve never had it historically that so many different technologies matured at the same time, and the speed of that replacement is also completely unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So what can Newsom’s budget do about a change that massive?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One pillar that I think is very important is education. A second one is entrepreneurship. And a third will be creating resilience and providing adjustment assistance for people who will be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What would you specifically like to see with workforce development?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are possibilities for strategic use of workforce development funds. So, for example, truck drivers: If you’re a truck driver, you know the writing’s on the wall. Why don’t you start something with evening education classes or things along those lines that would be more future-proof?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So more workforce development money focused on retraining. What about education?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a few really good things in the budget that point in the direction of the future, although they might not have been implemented with automation in mind. One is an increased focus on 4-year-olds from low-income families, and also a focus on transparency and accountability for school districts. We already had this large effect of digitalization on the income distribution by strengthening the top end and the bottom end. If we’re not starting to prepare low-income families and helping them attain certain levels of education, it’s going to be quite critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg%20https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1867\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\">Singularity University\u003c/a> isn’t really about the\u003ca href=\"https://io9.gizmodo.com/what-is-the-singularity-and-will-you-live-to-see-it-5534848\"> singularity\u003c/a>—that point in the future where new technology will change the world so drastically that it’s basically incomprehensible to people alive today. Imagine a society where humans and robots have merged into such a blissfully dystopic union that iPhone Xs are used only by the Amish to print 3D barns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor is Singularity University really a university, at least not in the traditional sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picture instead a very exclusive TED Talk for vice presidents of Fortune 500 companies and assorted government leaders, who pay nearly $15,000 to spend a week on a NASA research campus in Mountain View studying topics such as the rise of artificial intelligence and digital biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you may recognize one of the alumni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/122143652\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom visited Singularity University multiple times over the past decade (a spokesman for Neseom says he was always an invited guide and neither he nor the state ever paid tuition). Among his study endeavors: a seminar on 3D printing in space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Newsom, for the most part, drank the Tang, recalls Pascal Finette, Singularity’s Chair of Entrepreneurship and Open Innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To his credit, I think he spends a good amount of time to really educate himself on the future and to really understand what the future looks like,” said Finette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Newsom delivers his first State of the State speech from the Capitol. It comes just a few weeks after unveiling a $200 billion budget proposal that serves as the financial roadmap to the state he envisions. Newsom aims to do a lot of forward-looking things in the next 12 months: build homeless shelters, acquire firefighting airplanes, even (gasp) let drivers pay with credit cards at the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Odds are, Newsom’s speech will focus largely on his ambitious plans to restore the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2019-20/pdf/BudgetSummary/GovernorsMessage.pdf\">California Dream\u003c/a>. But how does all that money prepare California for that dream — not just next year, but five, 15, 30 years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following are excerpts from our discussions with three experts about the issues likely to confront California at those various benchmarks on the horizon. We asked each expert what kept him up at night when contemplating that year—and how Newsom’s budget does or does not address those concerns. Interviews are edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11663478\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GettyImages-861003104-e1524180315497.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11663478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GettyImages-861003104-e1524180315497.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People walk by a Wells Fargo bank branch on Oct. 13, 2017, in New York City. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Year: 2024\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Issue: Recession\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Expert: Patrick Murphy, a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How worried should we be that California will confront a recession in the near future?\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m not a betting person, but I would bet we’ll see [one]. What will cause it? How big? How long? I don’t have that. We’ve been in a recovery\u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-anderson-forecast-economic-slowdown-on-horizon\"> for a long time\u003c/a>, we’re in uncharted territory, and it would be quite surprising if there wasn’t a slowdown in the economy at some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What can the state do to gird itself against an economic downturn?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s two schools of thought. One would be to make sure your revenues are stable and predictable in the long term, so you don’t have the highs too high and the lows too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3703\">isn’t the course we’ve taken\u003c/a>. The course we’ve taken now is we have a volatile revenue stream, but we try to hedge our bets by socking away savings. It’s the person that doesn’t work for a salary or works piecework or consulting and has a lumpy paycheck.You have to have money in reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So what is Newsom doing in this budget for saving while the money is pouring in?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, he’s continuing something that Gov. Jerry Brown had done, which is to focus on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-state-budget/\">setting money \u003c/a>aside. Part of that is constitutionally required, but what’s interesting is we’re kind of going over and above that. I’ll spare the weeds, but we’re saving more than we have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other piece is the spending that’s being done. A big chunk of it is being put under the banner of \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3916#The_Big_Picture\">one-time spending\u003c/a>. And what that really means is that you’re not commiting someone’s job or salary in the long term, where after year one you’re not committing to year two or year three or four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What about pensions?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s continuing to pay down some of those unfunded retirement liabilities — payments to retirement plans for state and local employees. That’s kind of like putting money in your 401k. You do it today; your benefits multiply over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So, grading from A to F, how does this budget fare in preparing us for a recession?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A:\u003c/b> I hate to give grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You were a professor.\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A: \u003c/b>That was the worst part of the job. What I will say is that it’s showing a lot of foresight in how to invest a\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/newsom-california-spend-budget-surplus/\"> $20 billion windfall\u003c/a>. I wish I was doing this at home — I wish I was paying down my mortgage faster. This is kind of the equivalent of trying to pay down your mortgage faster knowing you’re going to benefit from it down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So … B+?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B+, yeah. I was a tough grader though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622404\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/coast-file-20171002-3782-fi0bx9-e1507740219838.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11622404\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/coast-file-20171002-3782-fi0bx9-e1507740219838.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three Arch Bay, Laguna Beach \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Three_Arch_Bay_Photo_Taken_by_pilot_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg\">Don Ramey Logan\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Year: 2040\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Issue: Sea Level Rise\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Expert: Will Travis, sea level rise adaptation consultant\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We’re standing right outside the Facebook Campus in Menlo Park, which sits right at sea level on the south edge of San Francisco Bay. What is this going to look like 20 years from now?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some unknown point in the future,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/apr/22/silicon-valley-sea-level-rise-google-facebook-flood-risk\">this area will likely be fully inundated\u003c/a> by the sea. I say at some unknown point because we know \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/rising-seas-climate-change-what-you-need-to-know/\">sea level is rising\u003c/a>, and we know it will rise at an accelerated rate, but we just don’t know how fast that will happen. It depends on how effective we as a species are at reducing the emissions and carbon dioxide we put into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>It will happen, though? It’s just a question of when?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question of when. This area will flood for a day or two, and that will happen more and more frequently. Eventually the new reality will be what is now an extreme event that occurs every 10, 15, 20 years will occur every 10,15 or 20 days and then eventually all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>California’s coastline has almost always been considered an economic asset. But is that going to be the case decades from now?\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, it’s inevitable that vast parts of the coastline, which is now the most expensive real estate in the world,\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-response-rising-seas/\">will be written off\u003c/a> and have to be abandoned. That may be a more difficult crisis to deal with than the actual physical problems, because of the economic impact of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So what can the state actively do to protect against sea level rise?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the state can actively do is begin to plan for this inevitable future now. And that means sorting out what areas we can protect, how we can protect them, are we going to try to use wetlands, do we want to build higher levees? Or are there areas where we decide to pull back, perhaps prohibit new development and remove existing or older development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What did you make of Newsom’s budget?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the money in the budget to deal with climate change is really addressing mitigation, which is reducing greenhouse gases to slow the impact of climate change. The other side is adaptation, which is to acknowledge no matter how effective we are at reducing greenhouse gases, we are still going to have sea level rise in the future. Relatively speaking, there’s not much money in the governor’s budget for [adaptation] right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How would you grade his first budget on planning for a future with sea level rise?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be difficult to grade somebody like the governor who has been in office now for a [month] on a long-term issue like this. It’s like giving him a grade on a final exam when he just walked in the door to class for the first time. But I have worked with Newsom when he was mayor of San Francisco, and he could turn around and teach the course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>If Facebook goes underwater, is that necessarily a bad thing?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Prolonged Pause)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11148548\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Robot4-1-e1477610971173.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11148548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Robot4-1-e1477610971173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Norma, Amelia and Piper, now greeting travelers in San Jose, are the first robots to be deployed at a U.S. airport. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mineta San Jose International)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Year: 2050\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Issue: Robots and Automation\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Expert: Johannes Moenius, professor of global business at University of Redlands\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Is there a date in the future that’s a tipping point for automation?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, we don’t really know dates. We just can project certain developments and see what can happen. My personal view is we won’t see much in the next two to three years. We need to start worrying about five years from now, and then again probably by 2040. By 2050, if we haven’t solved the problems, then we’re in really bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Can you give us some examples?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think of Southern California, once self-driving trucks come on the road, [labor] replacement can happen quite quickly. All the trucks that we see on the roads right now pretty much have what they need for self-driving except for the [artificial] intelligence. You need a device a little bit smarter than a smartphone, and then you can send a truck from an on-ramp all the way across the country to an off-ramp. And that can have a major effect on employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What about the argument that automation and technological advances in the past have typically produced more jobs than they’ve replaced. In the end, isn’t it a net positive?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, historically, technological progress has been great at creating jobs. But there’s always been winners and losers. During the Industrial Revolution, some researchers estimate we saw more than 60 years of stagnant real wages. We’ve never had it historically that so many different technologies matured at the same time, and the speed of that replacement is also completely unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So what can Newsom’s budget do about a change that massive?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One pillar that I think is very important is education. A second one is entrepreneurship. And a third will be creating resilience and providing adjustment assistance for people who will be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What would you specifically like to see with workforce development?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are possibilities for strategic use of workforce development funds. So, for example, truck drivers: If you’re a truck driver, you know the writing’s on the wall. Why don’t you start something with evening education classes or things along those lines that would be more future-proof?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So more workforce development money focused on retraining. What about education?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a few really good things in the budget that point in the direction of the future, although they might not have been implemented with automation in mind. One is an increased focus on 4-year-olds from low-income families, and also a focus on transparency and accountability for school districts. We already had this large effect of digitalization on the income distribution by strengthening the top end and the bottom end. If we’re not starting to prepare low-income families and helping them attain certain levels of education, it’s going to be quite critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "5 Reasons Why Self-Driving Cars Aren't Coming Anytime Soon",
"title": "5 Reasons Why Self-Driving Cars Aren't Coming Anytime Soon",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In the world of autonomous vehicles, Pittsburgh and Silicon Valley are bustling hubs of development and testing. But ask those involved in self-driving vehicles when we might actually see them carrying passengers in every city, and you'll get an almost universal answer: Not anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723058/will-self-driving-cars-put-us-in-transportation-heaven-or-hell\">Will Self-Driving Cars Put Us in Transportation Heaven or Hell?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723058/will-self-driving-cars-put-us-in-transportation-heaven-or-hell\">\u003cimg class=\"\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS8358_152766339-1020x711.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"271\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>An optimistic assessment is 10 years. Many others say decades as researchers try to conquer a number of obstacles. The vehicles themselves will debut in limited, well-mapped areas within cities and spread outward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657306/police-release-video-of-fatal-crash-involving-uber-self-driving-car\">fatal crash in Arizona\u003c/a> involving an Uber autonomous vehicle in March slowed progress, largely because it hurt the public's perception of the safety of vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies slowed research to be more careful. Google's Waymo, for instance, decided not to launch a fully autonomous ride-hailing service in the Phoenix area and will rely on human backup drivers to ferry passengers, at least for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the problems that researchers must overcome to start giving rides without humans behind the wheel:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Snow and Weather\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When it's heavy enough to cover the pavement, snow blocks the view of lane lines that vehicle cameras use to find their way. Researchers so far haven't figured out a way around this. That's why much of the testing is done in warm-weather climates such as Arizona and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy snow, rain, fog and sandstorms can obstruct the view of cameras. Light beams sent out by laser sensors can bounce off snowflakes and think they are obstacles. Radar can see through the weather, but it doesn't show the shape of an object needed for computers to figure out what it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933667/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics\">Should Self-Driving Cars Have Ethics?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933667/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's like losing part of your vision,\" says Raj Rajkumar, an electrical and computer engineering professor at Carnegie Mellon University.\u003cbr>\nResearchers are working on laser sensors that use a different light beam wavelength to see through snowflakes, said Greg McGuire, director of the MCity autonomous vehicle testing lab at the University of Michigan. Software also is being developed so vehicles can differentiate between real obstacles and snowflakes, rain, fog, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many companies are still trying to master the difficult task of driving on a clear day with steady traction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once we are able to have a system reliably perform in those, then we'll start working toward expanding to those more challenging conditions,\" said Noah Zych, Uber's head of system safety for self-driving cars.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pavement Lines and Curbs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across the globe, roadway marking lines are different, or they may not even exist. Lane lines aren't standardized, so vehicles have to learn how to drive differently in each city. Sometimes there aren't any curbs to help vehicles judge lane width.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, in Pittsburgh's industrial \"Strip District,\" where many self-driving vehicles are tested, the city draws lines across the narrow lanes to mark where vehicles should stop for stop signs. Sometimes the lines are so far back and buildings are so close to the street that autonomous cars can't see traffic on the cross street if they stop at the line. One workaround is to program vehicles to stop for the line and creep forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is it better to do a double stop?\" asked Pete Rander, president of Argo AI, an autonomous vehicle company in which Ford has invested heavily. \"Since intersections vary, it's not that easy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dealing With Human Drivers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For many years, autonomous vehicles will have to deal with humans who don't always play by the rules. They double-park or walk in front of cars. Recently in Pittsburgh, an Argo backup driver had to take over when his car stopped during a right turn, blocking an intersection when it couldn't immediately decide whether to go around a double-parked delivery truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11668523/distracted-autopilot\">Mark Fiore: Distracted Autopilot\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11668523/distracted-autopilot\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/distracted_051518_final-1180x753.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Even if the car might eventually figure something out, it's shared space, and it's socially unacceptable\" to block traffic, Rander said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans also make eye contact with other drivers to make sure they're looking in the right direction, something still being developed for autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the antagonism that some feel toward robots. People have reportedly been harassing Waymo's autonomous test vehicles near Phoenix. The Arizona Republic reported in December that police is suburban Chandler have documented at least 21 cases in the past two years, including a man waiving a gun at a Waymo van and people who slashed tires and threw rocks. One Jeep forced the vans off the road six times.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Left Turns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Deciding when to turn left in front of oncoming traffic without a green arrow is one of the more difficult tasks for human drivers and one that causes many crashes. Autonomous vehicles have the same trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think the things that humans have challenges with, we're challenged with as well.'\u003ccite>Waymo CEO John Krafcik\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Waymo CEO John Krafcik said in a recent interview that his company's vehicles are still encountering occasional problems at intersections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the things that humans have challenges with, we're challenged with as well,\" he said. \"So sometimes unprotected lefts are super challenging for a human, sometimes they're super challenging for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Consumer Acceptance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fatal Uber crash near Phoenix last year did more than push the pause button on testing. It also rattled consumers who someday will be asked to ride in self-driving vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658245/arizona-suspends-ubers-self-driving-vehicle-testing-after-fatal-crash\">Uber Won't Seek California Permit Renewal to Test Self-Driving Vehicles After Fatal Crash\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658245/arizona-suspends-ubers-self-driving-vehicle-testing-after-fatal-crash\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ntsb-uber-ff64f5bdd733572617aece2b246b2f335d0c9033-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Surveys taken after the Uber crash showed that drivers are reluctant to give up control to a computer. One by AAA found that 73 percent of American drivers would be too fearful to ride in a fully self-driving vehicle. That's up from 63 percent in late 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicle companies are showing test passengers information on screens about where the vehicles are headed and what its sensors are seeing. The more people ride, the more they trust the vehicles, says Waymo's Krafcik.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After they become more and more confident they rarely look at the screens, and they're on their phones or relaxing or sleeping,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the world of autonomous vehicles, Pittsburgh and Silicon Valley are bustling hubs of development and testing. But ask those involved in self-driving vehicles when we might actually see them carrying passengers in every city, and you'll get an almost universal answer: Not anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723058/will-self-driving-cars-put-us-in-transportation-heaven-or-hell\">Will Self-Driving Cars Put Us in Transportation Heaven or Hell?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723058/will-self-driving-cars-put-us-in-transportation-heaven-or-hell\">\u003cimg class=\"\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS8358_152766339-1020x711.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"389\" height=\"271\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>An optimistic assessment is 10 years. Many others say decades as researchers try to conquer a number of obstacles. The vehicles themselves will debut in limited, well-mapped areas within cities and spread outward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11657306/police-release-video-of-fatal-crash-involving-uber-self-driving-car\">fatal crash in Arizona\u003c/a> involving an Uber autonomous vehicle in March slowed progress, largely because it hurt the public's perception of the safety of vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies slowed research to be more careful. Google's Waymo, for instance, decided not to launch a fully autonomous ride-hailing service in the Phoenix area and will rely on human backup drivers to ferry passengers, at least for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the problems that researchers must overcome to start giving rides without humans behind the wheel:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Snow and Weather\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When it's heavy enough to cover the pavement, snow blocks the view of lane lines that vehicle cameras use to find their way. Researchers so far haven't figured out a way around this. That's why much of the testing is done in warm-weather climates such as Arizona and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy snow, rain, fog and sandstorms can obstruct the view of cameras. Light beams sent out by laser sensors can bounce off snowflakes and think they are obstacles. Radar can see through the weather, but it doesn't show the shape of an object needed for computers to figure out what it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933667/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics\">Should Self-Driving Cars Have Ethics?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933667/should-self-driving-cars-have-ethics\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-843272498-80183887af24176749966ee5ee5cd0e22bf46cf5-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It's like losing part of your vision,\" says Raj Rajkumar, an electrical and computer engineering professor at Carnegie Mellon University.\u003cbr>\nResearchers are working on laser sensors that use a different light beam wavelength to see through snowflakes, said Greg McGuire, director of the MCity autonomous vehicle testing lab at the University of Michigan. Software also is being developed so vehicles can differentiate between real obstacles and snowflakes, rain, fog, and other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many companies are still trying to master the difficult task of driving on a clear day with steady traction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once we are able to have a system reliably perform in those, then we'll start working toward expanding to those more challenging conditions,\" said Noah Zych, Uber's head of system safety for self-driving cars.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Pavement Lines and Curbs\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Across the globe, roadway marking lines are different, or they may not even exist. Lane lines aren't standardized, so vehicles have to learn how to drive differently in each city. Sometimes there aren't any curbs to help vehicles judge lane width.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, in Pittsburgh's industrial \"Strip District,\" where many self-driving vehicles are tested, the city draws lines across the narrow lanes to mark where vehicles should stop for stop signs. Sometimes the lines are so far back and buildings are so close to the street that autonomous cars can't see traffic on the cross street if they stop at the line. One workaround is to program vehicles to stop for the line and creep forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is it better to do a double stop?\" asked Pete Rander, president of Argo AI, an autonomous vehicle company in which Ford has invested heavily. \"Since intersections vary, it's not that easy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Dealing With Human Drivers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For many years, autonomous vehicles will have to deal with humans who don't always play by the rules. They double-park or walk in front of cars. Recently in Pittsburgh, an Argo backup driver had to take over when his car stopped during a right turn, blocking an intersection when it couldn't immediately decide whether to go around a double-parked delivery truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11668523/distracted-autopilot\">Mark Fiore: Distracted Autopilot\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11668523/distracted-autopilot\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/distracted_051518_final-1180x753.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Even if the car might eventually figure something out, it's shared space, and it's socially unacceptable\" to block traffic, Rander said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans also make eye contact with other drivers to make sure they're looking in the right direction, something still being developed for autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that the antagonism that some feel toward robots. People have reportedly been harassing Waymo's autonomous test vehicles near Phoenix. The Arizona Republic reported in December that police is suburban Chandler have documented at least 21 cases in the past two years, including a man waiving a gun at a Waymo van and people who slashed tires and threw rocks. One Jeep forced the vans off the road six times.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Left Turns\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Deciding when to turn left in front of oncoming traffic without a green arrow is one of the more difficult tasks for human drivers and one that causes many crashes. Autonomous vehicles have the same trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think the things that humans have challenges with, we're challenged with as well.'\u003ccite>Waymo CEO John Krafcik\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Waymo CEO John Krafcik said in a recent interview that his company's vehicles are still encountering occasional problems at intersections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the things that humans have challenges with, we're challenged with as well,\" he said. \"So sometimes unprotected lefts are super challenging for a human, sometimes they're super challenging for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Consumer Acceptance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The fatal Uber crash near Phoenix last year did more than push the pause button on testing. It also rattled consumers who someday will be asked to ride in self-driving vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658245/arizona-suspends-ubers-self-driving-vehicle-testing-after-fatal-crash\">Uber Won't Seek California Permit Renewal to Test Self-Driving Vehicles After Fatal Crash\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658245/arizona-suspends-ubers-self-driving-vehicle-testing-after-fatal-crash\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/ntsb-uber-ff64f5bdd733572617aece2b246b2f335d0c9033-1180x885.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Surveys taken after the Uber crash showed that drivers are reluctant to give up control to a computer. One by AAA found that 73 percent of American drivers would be too fearful to ride in a fully self-driving vehicle. That's up from 63 percent in late 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicle companies are showing test passengers information on screens about where the vehicles are headed and what its sensors are seeing. The more people ride, the more they trust the vehicles, says Waymo's Krafcik.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After they become more and more confident they rarely look at the screens, and they're on their phones or relaxing or sleeping,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Facebook Can't Gather Users' Data From Other Websites, German Antitrust Office Says",
"title": "Facebook Can't Gather Users' Data From Other Websites, German Antitrust Office Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>Germany's antitrust agency is hitting Facebook with \"far-reaching restrictions\" on the social media network's practice of merging its users' data gleaned from WhatsApp, Instagram and millions of third-party websites and apps. The decision can be appealed; if it stands, it would force Facebook to add more ways for its users to protect their privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the authority's assessment, Facebook's conduct represents above all a so-called exploitative abuse,\" said the Bundeskartellamt, or Federal Cartel Office. Andreas Mundt, the office's president, said on Thursday that Facebook \"was able to build a unique database for each individual user and thus to gain market power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook did that, Mundt's office said, by compiling data from its website, apps and Facebook-owned services — along with seemingly any website that has Facebook's \"Like\" or \"Share\" buttons, or a Facebook login box built into their pages. Even if a website has no visible signs of a link to Facebook, it could still send user data to the company by using the Facebook Analytics service in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are subject to the data tracking, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Publikation/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2019/07_02_2019_Facebook_FAQs.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5\">the German agency said\u003c/a>, \"even if users have blocked web tracking in their browser or device settings.\" It added that the integration of Facebook interfaces also allows the company to track people's online behavior, \"even if they are not logged into or registered with Facebook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through those practices, Facebook has been able to build profiles of its users that are far more complete than if it relied solely on recording their activities within the social network. And it was done, Mundt said, without users providing their voluntary and affirmative consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"German authorities called it an abuse of Facebook's market dominance and ordered the social network to restrict the practice and stop it completely within a year,\" NPR's Daniel Estrin reports for the NPR Newscast unit from Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The watchdog's order stems from a roughly three-year investigation. In response, \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/02/bundeskartellamt-order/\">Facebook says it disagrees\u003c/a> with the order and will appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Popularity is not dominance,\" the company said, accusing the Federal Cartel Office of underestimating \"the fierce competition we face in Germany\" and failing to recognize how Facebook complies with Europe's General Data Protection Regulation, which took effect last spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Cartel Office says Facebook's subsidiaries such as WhatsApp and Instagram can continue to collect data, but the information cannot be merged with Facebook users' profiles unless they have given their voluntary consent. It's also calling on Facebook to change its terms of service, calling them overly broad and inappropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not enough, Mundt said, for Facebook to require that consent as part of its terms of service. Instead, he said, its German users must be allowed to opt out of data collecting and processing while still using Facebook's network and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also said that its practice of merging its users' information across platforms and sites allows it both to improve its service and to \"protect people's safety.\" As an example, it cited \"identifying abusive behavior and disabling accounts tied to terrorism, child exploitation and election interference across both Facebook and Instagram.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. tech giant has one month to lodge an appeal with the Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court. If the Federal Cartel Office's decision stands, Facebook would be required to lay out a plan for implementing the new restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has been under increasing scrutiny for its approach to user privacy and data collection, from sharing information with the Cambridge Analytica data firm in the lead-up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election to its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/05/673748642/facebook-execs-seen-discussing-data-privacy-competitors-in-leaked-documents\">refusal to share users' data \u003c/a>with competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Germany's antitrust agency is hitting Facebook with \"far-reaching restrictions\" on the social media network's practice of merging its users' data gleaned from WhatsApp, Instagram and millions of third-party websites and apps. The decision can be appealed; if it stands, it would force Facebook to add more ways for its users to protect their privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the authority's assessment, Facebook's conduct represents above all a so-called exploitative abuse,\" said the Bundeskartellamt, or Federal Cartel Office. Andreas Mundt, the office's president, said on Thursday that Facebook \"was able to build a unique database for each individual user and thus to gain market power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook did that, Mundt's office said, by compiling data from its website, apps and Facebook-owned services — along with seemingly any website that has Facebook's \"Like\" or \"Share\" buttons, or a Facebook login box built into their pages. Even if a website has no visible signs of a link to Facebook, it could still send user data to the company by using the Facebook Analytics service in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are subject to the data tracking, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Publikation/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2019/07_02_2019_Facebook_FAQs.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=5\">the German agency said\u003c/a>, \"even if users have blocked web tracking in their browser or device settings.\" It added that the integration of Facebook interfaces also allows the company to track people's online behavior, \"even if they are not logged into or registered with Facebook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through those practices, Facebook has been able to build profiles of its users that are far more complete than if it relied solely on recording their activities within the social network. And it was done, Mundt said, without users providing their voluntary and affirmative consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"German authorities called it an abuse of Facebook's market dominance and ordered the social network to restrict the practice and stop it completely within a year,\" NPR's Daniel Estrin reports for the NPR Newscast unit from Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The watchdog's order stems from a roughly three-year investigation. In response, \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/02/bundeskartellamt-order/\">Facebook says it disagrees\u003c/a> with the order and will appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Popularity is not dominance,\" the company said, accusing the Federal Cartel Office of underestimating \"the fierce competition we face in Germany\" and failing to recognize how Facebook complies with Europe's General Data Protection Regulation, which took effect last spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Cartel Office says Facebook's subsidiaries such as WhatsApp and Instagram can continue to collect data, but the information cannot be merged with Facebook users' profiles unless they have given their voluntary consent. It's also calling on Facebook to change its terms of service, calling them overly broad and inappropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not enough, Mundt said, for Facebook to require that consent as part of its terms of service. Instead, he said, its German users must be allowed to opt out of data collecting and processing while still using Facebook's network and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook also said that its practice of merging its users' information across platforms and sites allows it both to improve its service and to \"protect people's safety.\" As an example, it cited \"identifying abusive behavior and disabling accounts tied to terrorism, child exploitation and election interference across both Facebook and Instagram.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. tech giant has one month to lodge an appeal with the Düsseldorf Higher Regional Court. If the Federal Cartel Office's decision stands, Facebook would be required to lay out a plan for implementing the new restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has been under increasing scrutiny for its approach to user privacy and data collection, from sharing information with the Cambridge Analytica data firm in the lead-up to the 2016 U.S. presidential election to its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/05/673748642/facebook-execs-seen-discussing-data-privacy-competitors-in-leaked-documents\">refusal to share users' data \u003c/a>with competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Steve O’Neal lives with his three kids and wife in Bolinas, on the ocean, just north of San Francisco. It’s his dream location to raise a family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re next to this progressive, urban city,” O’Neal said. “Yet we’re in the middle of a nature park.” But there’s one big problem: all the empty homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal’s neighborhood is filled with vacant houses. Out of the roughly 350 homes, he estimates only 20 or 30 have someone living in them on most weekdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s like the aliens have come and abducted everybody except for a couple of houses.’\u003ccite>Steve O’Neal\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the aliens have come and abducted everybody except for a couple of houses,” O’Neal said. “Stinson has really become a short-term rental community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stinson Beach and Bolinas have always been popular vacation destinations, but O’Neal says now with services like Homeaway, VRBO and Airbnb, there are more short-term vacation rentals than ever before. And he thinks that’s making it even harder for local families to find housing for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities around California share O’Neal’s concern that websites like VRBO and Airbnb are allowing landlords to turn long-term housing for locals into short-term vacation rentals for tourists. However, it’s difficult for communities to get a clear picture of the extent and impact of these rentals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term rental services don’t publicize all of their data, and local governments are not usually given access to the addresses and names of people renting out their homes. San Francisco is an outlier. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11435714/san-francisco-and-airbnb-reach-agreement-to-settle-lawsuit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After a four-year legal battle\u003c/a>, the city got the companies to give them a list of hosts. San Francisco has hired staff now to oversee the short-term rentals. Other local governments have turned to outside companies, like Host Compliance, to gather data on the short-term vacation rentals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Stinson Beach and Bolinas, Steve O’Neal took the job on himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal used to live in San Francisco. He made money in real estate and with a telecom business during the dot-com boom. After traveling and living around the world, he and his wife decided Bolinas was the most ideal place to raise his kids. But when he moved here a year ago, he discovered one problem: The number of families was dwindling rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2476px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11723646 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2476\" height=\"1072\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM.png 2476w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-160x69.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-800x346.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-1020x442.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-1200x520.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-1920x831.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2476px) 100vw, 2476px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stinson Beach vacation rentals listed on Airbnb.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are now just 85 kids in the area’s one K-8 elementary school. As recently as 2000, there was double that number. You can also see the decline in residents at the post office. There used to be a waiting list for P.O. boxes. Now 200 of the 700 boxes are empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal worries the towns are entering death spiral territory, where some families leave not because the school is bad or the housing unaffordable. To quantify the number and effect of short-term rentals, O’Neal had to become a detective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first place he visits is Google Earth. He looks at pictures of houses and tries to match them with online listings. He then confirms the addresses by driving by the places himself. Finally, he checks public records to see if the owners are local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When O’Neal finished gathering all his data, he found that 130 homes were being rented by people who didn’t live in the community. That is substantial he said, considering there’s only 1,000 households in all of Bolinas and Stinson, according to the most recent U.S. census data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal said he has no problem with people renting out a room or in-law for extra income. He’d just like to see limits on how many entire houses are rented to vacationers instead of locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a failure of society to have all this housing and nobody in it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723645\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM-800x619.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM-800x619.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM.png 842w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of available vacation rentals on Airbnb.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Airbnb disputes that it’s having a big impact on local rentals. A spokesperson for the company said, “vacation rentals have been a part of Stinson Beach and Bolinas for decades,” and that “short-term rentals have created supplemental income for families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of detective work is actually being done by private companies in cities and counties across the state and country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Host Compliance works with over 100 local governments and hires dozens of “desk detectives” to gather information on rentals. The private company even helps collect taxes and writes notices on county or city letterhead to send to those who violate local regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ulrik Binzer is the CEO of Host Compliance. He said the company is filling a niche for communities that don’t have the resources to do this oversight themselves. A town or county may not have the money to hire people for an “Office of Short-Term Rentals,” like San Francisco established. With some 4 million short-term rentals across the country, Binzer said there is plenty of oversight work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around California there’s been controversy over the short-term rental services and regulations to limit them. Both Los Angeles and Del Mar, north of San Diego, have enacted contested regulations. In South Lake Tahoe, voters recently passed an ordinance to ban all short-term rentals outside of a designated tourism zone, but some property owners filed a lawsuit against the ordinance and there is pressure to delay implementation of the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when regulations do get passed, enforcing them can be another hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco passed rules in 2014 that did things like put a cap on the number of days a place could be rented out, mandate hosts actually live in the house part-time, and require people to register with the city. But most hosts did not register, which made \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10421814/enforcement-issues-remain-as-san-franciscos-airbnb-law-takes-effect\">enforcing the laws difficult\u003c/a>. Only in 2018, after much litigation, did the websites agree to send the city a list of registered hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal is a fan of the San Francisco laws, and would like to see similar ones enacted in Bolinas and Stinson. He hopes the data he collected will rally community members behind the idea. But some people who are renting out entires houses for most of the year are worried they’ll see a decline in income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal thinks it’s a worthy trade-off if it means more housing for local families. He knows of at least a half-dozen families who are losing their rentals and can’t find another place to live in Bolinas or Stinson Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean it’s paradise here; we just need to get the people back,” O’Neal said. “So we need to open up the housing market to get that to happen.” Living in paradise isn’t worth raising his kids in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Steve O’Neal lives with his three kids and wife in Bolinas, on the ocean, just north of San Francisco. It’s his dream location to raise a family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re next to this progressive, urban city,” O’Neal said. “Yet we’re in the middle of a nature park.” But there’s one big problem: all the empty homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal’s neighborhood is filled with vacant houses. Out of the roughly 350 homes, he estimates only 20 or 30 have someone living in them on most weekdays.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s like the aliens have come and abducted everybody except for a couple of houses.’\u003ccite>Steve O’Neal\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the aliens have come and abducted everybody except for a couple of houses,” O’Neal said. “Stinson has really become a short-term rental community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stinson Beach and Bolinas have always been popular vacation destinations, but O’Neal says now with services like Homeaway, VRBO and Airbnb, there are more short-term vacation rentals than ever before. And he thinks that’s making it even harder for local families to find housing for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Communities around California share O’Neal’s concern that websites like VRBO and Airbnb are allowing landlords to turn long-term housing for locals into short-term vacation rentals for tourists. However, it’s difficult for communities to get a clear picture of the extent and impact of these rentals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term rental services don’t publicize all of their data, and local governments are not usually given access to the addresses and names of people renting out their homes. San Francisco is an outlier. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11435714/san-francisco-and-airbnb-reach-agreement-to-settle-lawsuit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After a four-year legal battle\u003c/a>, the city got the companies to give them a list of hosts. San Francisco has hired staff now to oversee the short-term rentals. Other local governments have turned to outside companies, like Host Compliance, to gather data on the short-term vacation rentals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Stinson Beach and Bolinas, Steve O’Neal took the job on himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal used to live in San Francisco. He made money in real estate and with a telecom business during the dot-com boom. After traveling and living around the world, he and his wife decided Bolinas was the most ideal place to raise his kids. But when he moved here a year ago, he discovered one problem: The number of families was dwindling rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2476px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11723646 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2476\" height=\"1072\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM.png 2476w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-160x69.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-800x346.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-1020x442.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-1200x520.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-2.59.34-PM-1920x831.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2476px) 100vw, 2476px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stinson Beach vacation rentals listed on Airbnb.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are now just 85 kids in the area’s one K-8 elementary school. As recently as 2000, there was double that number. You can also see the decline in residents at the post office. There used to be a waiting list for P.O. boxes. Now 200 of the 700 boxes are empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal worries the towns are entering death spiral territory, where some families leave not because the school is bad or the housing unaffordable. To quantify the number and effect of short-term rentals, O’Neal had to become a detective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first place he visits is Google Earth. He looks at pictures of houses and tries to match them with online listings. He then confirms the addresses by driving by the places himself. Finally, he checks public records to see if the owners are local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When O’Neal finished gathering all his data, he found that 130 homes were being rented by people who didn’t live in the community. That is substantial he said, considering there’s only 1,000 households in all of Bolinas and Stinson, according to the most recent U.S. census data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal said he has no problem with people renting out a room or in-law for extra income. He’d just like to see limits on how many entire houses are rented to vacationers instead of locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a failure of society to have all this housing and nobody in it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723645\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723645\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM-800x619.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM-800x619.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Screen-Shot-2019-02-05-at-3.00.30-PM.png 842w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of available vacation rentals on Airbnb.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Airbnb disputes that it’s having a big impact on local rentals. A spokesperson for the company said, “vacation rentals have been a part of Stinson Beach and Bolinas for decades,” and that “short-term rentals have created supplemental income for families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of detective work is actually being done by private companies in cities and counties across the state and country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Host Compliance works with over 100 local governments and hires dozens of “desk detectives” to gather information on rentals. The private company even helps collect taxes and writes notices on county or city letterhead to send to those who violate local regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ulrik Binzer is the CEO of Host Compliance. He said the company is filling a niche for communities that don’t have the resources to do this oversight themselves. A town or county may not have the money to hire people for an “Office of Short-Term Rentals,” like San Francisco established. With some 4 million short-term rentals across the country, Binzer said there is plenty of oversight work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around California there’s been controversy over the short-term rental services and regulations to limit them. Both Los Angeles and Del Mar, north of San Diego, have enacted contested regulations. In South Lake Tahoe, voters recently passed an ordinance to ban all short-term rentals outside of a designated tourism zone, but some property owners filed a lawsuit against the ordinance and there is pressure to delay implementation of the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when regulations do get passed, enforcing them can be another hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco passed rules in 2014 that did things like put a cap on the number of days a place could be rented out, mandate hosts actually live in the house part-time, and require people to register with the city. But most hosts did not register, which made \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10421814/enforcement-issues-remain-as-san-franciscos-airbnb-law-takes-effect\">enforcing the laws difficult\u003c/a>. Only in 2018, after much litigation, did the websites agree to send the city a list of registered hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal is a fan of the San Francisco laws, and would like to see similar ones enacted in Bolinas and Stinson. He hopes the data he collected will rally community members behind the idea. But some people who are renting out entires houses for most of the year are worried they’ll see a decline in income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Neal thinks it’s a worthy trade-off if it means more housing for local families. He knows of at least a half-dozen families who are losing their rentals and can’t find another place to live in Bolinas or Stinson Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Waheed Etimad left home to drive for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uber.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uber\u003c/a> on Saturday nights, his family knew they wouldn’t see him until Sunday morning. He usually drove late, taxiing people to and from restaurants and bars. He’d get home a few hours before his kids got up to watch morning cartoons and his wife cooked breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this past Sunday, the family got news that Etimad died on the road. Etimad was killed at 2:30 a.m. by a 21-year-old woman who got on Highway 101 in San Francisco going the wrong-way. In a statement, Uber said, “This was a horribly tragic incident and our hearts go out to the victim and his grieving family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Etimad came to the U.S. from Afghanistan, where he served as a translator with the U.S. Army. The 40-year-old had seven children, and was driving for Uber while he pursued a degree at Diablo Valley College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family could not be reached for comment, but Etimad was their sole breadwinner. To come up with funds for his funeral, the family started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/need-help-funeral-and-memorial-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GoFundMe campaign\u003c/a>, which quickly got attention online. In two days, the fund had jumped to more than $205,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Uber classifies its workers as contractors, not employees, they are not covered by worker’s compensation, which provides weekly financial support and covers funeral expenses. The company offers private \u003ca href=\"https://help.uber.com/partners/article/driver-injury-protection?nodeId=ba03b1db-46f9-4350-9a39-8a98b83f813e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insurance\u003c/a> which costs 4 cents a mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has not disclosed if Etimad had opted to pay for insurance and if his family will receive any compensation for his death.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Waheed Etimad left home to drive for \u003ca href=\"https://www.uber.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uber\u003c/a> on Saturday nights, his family knew they wouldn’t see him until Sunday morning. He usually drove late, taxiing people to and from restaurants and bars. He’d get home a few hours before his kids got up to watch morning cartoons and his wife cooked breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this past Sunday, the family got news that Etimad died on the road. Etimad was killed at 2:30 a.m. by a 21-year-old woman who got on Highway 101 in San Francisco going the wrong-way. In a statement, Uber said, “This was a horribly tragic incident and our hearts go out to the victim and his grieving family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Etimad came to the U.S. from Afghanistan, where he served as a translator with the U.S. Army. The 40-year-old had seven children, and was driving for Uber while he pursued a degree at Diablo Valley College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family could not be reached for comment, but Etimad was their sole breadwinner. To come up with funds for his funeral, the family started a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/need-help-funeral-and-memorial-services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GoFundMe campaign\u003c/a>, which quickly got attention online. In two days, the fund had jumped to more than $205,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Uber classifies its workers as contractors, not employees, they are not covered by worker’s compensation, which provides weekly financial support and covers funeral expenses. The company offers private \u003ca href=\"https://help.uber.com/partners/article/driver-injury-protection?nodeId=ba03b1db-46f9-4350-9a39-8a98b83f813e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insurance\u003c/a> which costs 4 cents a mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Liccardo: San Jose Exploring Airport Tunnel With Elon Musk Spinoff",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo says he’s been in talks with an Elon Musk subsidiary about the possibility of building a tunnel to link the city’s airport to its main transit terminal — a project he sees as vital to the city’s transportation system for decades to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a memo to the San Jose City Council released Tuesday, Liccardo said he reached out 18 months ago to The Boring Company, the Tesla founder’s tunnel-construction firm, about the potential for boring a tunnel between San Jose International Airport and the Diridon Station area 2 miles away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo said such a tunnel could serve a long list of the city’s transportation goals. The project would provide better access to the nation’s fastest-growing airport, he said, and be an important step in turning Diridon into the region’s “Grand Central Station” for the next century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re building this station not just for the next few years but for the next several generations, we want a station that will be able to grow with the city,” Liccardo said Tuesday at a media briefing before a City Council meeting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said he initiated conversations with Musk’s tunneling firm because he’s looking for cheaper alternatives for building a connection between downtown and the airport. Prior projections for an airport-downtown rail line have estimated the project would cost $800 million — a figure Liccardo said was likely too low. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said that he hopes to get buy-in from councilmembers to allow city staff to begin a more formal exploration of the concept. And though he mentioned only Musk’s company by name, he said this was a chance for the city to entertain ideas from a range of firms developing new transportation technology, including autonomous vehicles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an opportunity for us to move forward with an exploration of some of those other technologies and really offer companies throughout the globe a chance to show off what they can do in the heart of Silicon Valley,” Liccardo said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor added that one of the city’s aims in opening discussions with The Boring Company is to assess whether the technology the firm is promoting “is real or not.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is “still in what you might call experimental stages,” Liccardo said. “They don’t yet have a transit system. They’re merely boring tunnels. I know they have one (in Southern California) which is promising, but by no means does that a transit system make.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk and The Boring Company have \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/faq/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">touted\u003c/a> their tunnel construction approach as much faster and much less expensive than conventional tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Liccardo suggested, the biggest question surrounding that vision is whether the The Boring Company — a project Musk said he dreamed up because he was fed up with L.A. traffic — can deliver. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has promised to dramatically speed up the construction of tunnels and cut their expense — using industry-standard technology, they can cost $1 billion a mile or more — by both developing new technology and adopting a new approach to the tunneling challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s proposed tunnels — like its 1.4-mile test bore in the Los Angeles suburb of Hawthorne — are less than half the diameter of a “standard” 28-foot tunnel. That in itself could dramatically reduce tunneling costs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm is also devising more powerful, electrically driven tunneling machines that speed up construction by simultaneously boring ahead and building tunnel walls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once tunnels are completed and ready for use, the company envisions a system its calling “Loop.” It would employ electric vehicles called skates to carry either individual cars — Teslas, of course — or pods that could carry eight to 16 people. The company envisions skates that would be lowered from street level, then traveling through tunnels at up to 150 mph before rising back to the street at the end of the line. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loop systems have been proposed for \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/dugout/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/chicago/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chicago\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/eastcoast/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Washington, D.C. area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how close are they to arriving in any of those places, let alone downtown San Jose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one level, the company practically vows to alter the fabric of reality with its futuristic vision of ending, or at least escaping, surface traffic gridlock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, all it really has to show the public so far is \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/19/18148061/boring-tunnel-test-drive-hawthorne-tesla-elon-musk\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a 40 mph ride in a Tesla Model X through a bumpy test tunnel\u003c/a> tricked out with garish (i.e., futuristic) lighting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, seeing is believing. The company’s currently planned Los Angeles Loop project involves a short run from a stop on the L.A. Metro’s Red Line to Dodger Stadium (the exact alignment hasn’t been decided yet). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An official with the Dodgers said last summer the new system, dubbed the Dugout Loop, would be ready “in time for the 2020 season.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose, with its increasing congestion, will be watching. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly our city isn’t going to get any less crowded, and God’s not creating any more land,” Liccardo said Tuesday. “So it is likely that if there’s going to be a viable (downtown-airport) connection, it’s going to be underground.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo says he’s been in talks with an Elon Musk subsidiary about the possibility of building a tunnel to link the city’s airport to its main transit terminal — a project he sees as vital to the city’s transportation system for decades to come. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a memo to the San Jose City Council released Tuesday, Liccardo said he reached out 18 months ago to The Boring Company, the Tesla founder’s tunnel-construction firm, about the potential for boring a tunnel between San Jose International Airport and the Diridon Station area 2 miles away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo said such a tunnel could serve a long list of the city’s transportation goals. The project would provide better access to the nation’s fastest-growing airport, he said, and be an important step in turning Diridon into the region’s “Grand Central Station” for the next century. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re building this station not just for the next few years but for the next several generations, we want a station that will be able to grow with the city,” Liccardo said Tuesday at a media briefing before a City Council meeting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said he initiated conversations with Musk’s tunneling firm because he’s looking for cheaper alternatives for building a connection between downtown and the airport. Prior projections for an airport-downtown rail line have estimated the project would cost $800 million — a figure Liccardo said was likely too low. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said that he hopes to get buy-in from councilmembers to allow city staff to begin a more formal exploration of the concept. And though he mentioned only Musk’s company by name, he said this was a chance for the city to entertain ideas from a range of firms developing new transportation technology, including autonomous vehicles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an opportunity for us to move forward with an exploration of some of those other technologies and really offer companies throughout the globe a chance to show off what they can do in the heart of Silicon Valley,” Liccardo said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor added that one of the city’s aims in opening discussions with The Boring Company is to assess whether the technology the firm is promoting “is real or not.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is “still in what you might call experimental stages,” Liccardo said. “They don’t yet have a transit system. They’re merely boring tunnels. I know they have one (in Southern California) which is promising, but by no means does that a transit system make.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk and The Boring Company have \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/faq/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">touted\u003c/a> their tunnel construction approach as much faster and much less expensive than conventional tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Liccardo suggested, the biggest question surrounding that vision is whether the The Boring Company — a project Musk said he dreamed up because he was fed up with L.A. traffic — can deliver. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has promised to dramatically speed up the construction of tunnels and cut their expense — using industry-standard technology, they can cost $1 billion a mile or more — by both developing new technology and adopting a new approach to the tunneling challenge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s proposed tunnels — like its 1.4-mile test bore in the Los Angeles suburb of Hawthorne — are less than half the diameter of a “standard” 28-foot tunnel. That in itself could dramatically reduce tunneling costs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm is also devising more powerful, electrically driven tunneling machines that speed up construction by simultaneously boring ahead and building tunnel walls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once tunnels are completed and ready for use, the company envisions a system its calling “Loop.” It would employ electric vehicles called skates to carry either individual cars — Teslas, of course — or pods that could carry eight to 16 people. The company envisions skates that would be lowered from street level, then traveling through tunnels at up to 150 mph before rising back to the street at the end of the line. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loop systems have been proposed for \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/dugout/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/chicago/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Chicago\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.boringcompany.com/eastcoast/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Washington, D.C. area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how close are they to arriving in any of those places, let alone downtown San Jose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one level, the company practically vows to alter the fabric of reality with its futuristic vision of ending, or at least escaping, surface traffic gridlock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, all it really has to show the public so far is \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2018/12/19/18148061/boring-tunnel-test-drive-hawthorne-tesla-elon-musk\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a 40 mph ride in a Tesla Model X through a bumpy test tunnel\u003c/a> tricked out with garish (i.e., futuristic) lighting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, seeing is believing. The company’s currently planned Los Angeles Loop project involves a short run from a stop on the L.A. Metro’s Red Line to Dodger Stadium (the exact alignment hasn’t been decided yet). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An official with the Dodgers said last summer the new system, dubbed the Dugout Loop, would be ready “in time for the 2020 season.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose, with its increasing congestion, will be watching. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly our city isn’t going to get any less crowded, and God’s not creating any more land,” Liccardo said Tuesday. “So it is likely that if there’s going to be a viable (downtown-airport) connection, it’s going to be underground.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Cyber-sabotage, Wildfires, Weather—a Web of Threats to the Power Supply Could Leave Californians in the Dark",
"title": "Cyber-sabotage, Wildfires, Weather—a Web of Threats to the Power Supply Could Leave Californians in the Dark",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Russians hack Ukraine’s electricity network, turning lights off and on at will, rendering the country’s best tech hands helpless to intervene. North Korea takes over the controls of a South Korean nuclear power plant. Snipers with high-velocity rifles unleash a fusillade on a transmission station near San Jose, inflicting $15 million in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the plot of the latest spy novel. Rather, it’s small sampling of actual attacks, the kind of sabotage against vulnerable energy systems that can cut off power with the click of a mouse and bring officials to their knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say energy grids are the new front in cyber-terrorism. Although the wildfires that periodically dominate the news are a serious threat to California’s power supply, cyber-invaders are an around-the clock danger, trying to penetrate grid security every minute of every day. An all-hands-on-deck battle is being waged against them, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-electricity-grid-modernization-efforts-cost/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the network\u003c/a> that serves nearly 40 million people’s homes, industries and public-safety agencies depends on a successful defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the grid be hijacked, the entire state could be held hostage, experts say. Can the state prevent what one utility executive likened to “a hostile takeover?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Never has California’s aging electricity infrastructure been more vulnerable, even as the government plans to rely on it more completely with 5 million electric cars and, eventually, to fully operate the world’s fifth-largest economy. Moreover, fire and sophisticated hacking aren’t the only risks to the consistent flow of electrical power: The grid can also be undone by California’s formidable natural forces—wind, earthquakes, floods—and the most humble of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gnawing squirrels have brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/squirrels-trading-new-york-stock-exchange/398108/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stock trading\u003c/a> to a halt more than once by chewing electricity lines and disrupting NASDAQ computers. Rodents also interrupted some \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/07/81407/but-is-it-squirrel-proof-lax-and-dwp-s-120-million/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">operations\u003c/a> at Los Angeles International Airport on Thanksgiving Day in 2015, briefly stopping elevators, baggage screening and other functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A widespread, sustained power outage is frightening to contemplate, with the tools we use to navigate our lives taken from us: no lights, telephone service or charging capacity; no heating or cooling; no computers, working gas pumps or ATMs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/article225293965.html/video-embed\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think of the internet as a weapon of mass destruction,” says former news anchor Ted Koppel, whose book “Lights Out” explores threats to U.S. electricity grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scale of the challenge to keep the lights on was drawn in sharp relief in November at Stanford University, where experts gathered to peer into the energy future. Hint–it’s murky and potentially dark, including ransom schemes and even grid attacks intended to sow chaos ahead of terrorist ground assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our adversaries are advancing at a rapid clip,” said Sue Gordon, principal deputy director of national intelligence, the federal government’s leading cybersecurity agency and a \u003ca href=\"https://gef.stanford.edu/videos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conference\u003c/a> participant. “Within a few years Russia and China will have the ability to conduct on-demand, localized disruption of service, including of control systems in multiple sectors, simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s vulnerable electricity infrastructure has the attention of lawmakers in Sacramento. Some have faulted the oversight of safety procedures at power companies, a displeasure that has brought new scrutiny to the Public Utilities Commission, which regulates those businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state law\u003c/a> requires utilities to undertake broader, more aggressive planning for reducing fire risks associated with utility equipment, though regulators say they have neither funding nor technology to comprehensively monitor even the measures companies already have in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the state operates two entities tasked with analyzing and addressing potential hacking threats, particularly to critical infrastructure such as power stations and the dams where hydroelectric power is generated, and coordinating their efforts with utility companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-Los Angeles) speaks during debate at the Capitol on June 15, 2015. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, state Senator Bob Hertzberg, who has an extensive background in the power sector, worries that California is underprepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unbelievable, oh my God; there are so many things that can go wrong,” said the Democrat from Van Nuys, who authored a law last year pinpointing threats to the grid from electromagnetic attacks. “Security is a big deal, and it’s become a big deal because we rely on electricity for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator, the private company that is the state’s grid overlord, is obsessed with security. A spokeswoman said it has significantly increased investment in cybersecurity in recent years and regularly conducts internal testing. It even relocated its fortress-like facility to cocoon its operations against harm—sited on high ground, away from known seismic faults, close (but not too close) to Sacramento and a highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every utility and power company in the state, the grid operator has marauders at its cyber-gate every minute of every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are always being attacked,” said Mark Rothleder, a CAISO vice president, gazing down at the gymnasium-sized control room where electricity supply and demand are constantly monitored. “We have mechanisms in place ... but it’s constantly changing. It’s a constantly evolving threat we have to defend against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security managers universally seem to adopt a “security through obscurity” approach, not wishing to discuss specific strategies other than to say they are in place. In addition, the state’s largest investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric—all have specific departments to defend against cyber-incursions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/81ffb848-5f9f-47d8-9445-bb8965ab6e41?src=embed\" title=\"Type \" width=\"924\" height=\"588\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attacks can come from an unknown source, anywhere in the world. Some hackers gain access to a host system and do nothing more than hide in the figurative bushes, getting to know the lay of the cyber-land and biding time. Malware lurks in dark corners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take three to six months to detect a computer breach, according to David Goeckeler, Executive Vice President of San Jose-based CISCO, the computer networking giant with cybersecurity expertise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as often, hackers bang on the digital front door, on the off-chance it will be mistakenly opened. Goeckeler, speaking at the Stanford energy forum, said saboteurs attempt to hack CISCO’s systems 20 billion times a day. Yes, billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such threats have become a priority for the federal government. California utilities participate with those of other states in federal exercises such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerc.com/pa/CI/CIPOutreach/GridEX/GridEx%20IV%20Public%20Lessons%20Learned%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GridEx\u003c/a>, a war game that simulates grid attacks and coordinates potential responses with local and state emergency agencies, law enforcement, the Department of Defense and telecommunications and banking firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/grid-part-2-PHOTO-2-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoraya Griffin.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At SDG&E, which has 3.6 million electricity customers, “there’s always some type of an intrusion attempt daily,” said Zoraya Griffin, the company’s emergency operations manager. “It’s not a matter of if we have them, but how many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to threats that are difficult to see, such as those posed by hackers, some vulnerabilities are literally before our eyes. Aging equipment. Poorly maintained circuits and other key equipment. Miles of wires surrounded by overgrown vegetation and tinder-dry trees that can ignite in a flash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s response to the issue has been accelerated by the wildfire threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have ordered utilities to “harden” their equipment with such measures as replacing wooden power poles with metal or composite ones, swathing lines in more robust insulation and wrapping other equipment in metal or other fire-resistant material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission is awaiting companies’ specific fire-mitigation \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/SB901/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plans\u003c/a>, due in early February. Those reports are to detail how the utilities will construct, maintain and operate their equipment to minimize its risk of causing catastrophic blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work will carry a sobering price tag. For example, a federal judge has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/23/688058715/pg-e-says-federal-judge-s-safety-plan-is-infeasible-and-too-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed\u003c/a> that PG&E inspect its entire transmission system–including nearly 100,000 miles of power lines–and make its equipment more fire-safe. The utility balked, saying the work would cost $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why expose equipment and circuits to fire danger in the first place? Money. It makes the most financial sense for utilities to traverse California’s steep mountain passes and broad deserts by erecting power towers that march with giant steps across those vast landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although companies tend to locate power lines underground in new housing tracts, relocating above-ground lines under the earth is expensive–as much as $3 million a mile. In addition, digging new trenches in established neighborhoods and congested areas typically meets local resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723631\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1200x783.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Utilities have stepped up their resiliency efforts, clearing brush and cutting trees, installing cameras to monitor far-flung equipment and focusing more on the potential of weather to cause problems. But one company, San Diego Gas & Electric, is ahead of the pack in elevating weather forecasting to a high priority, investing billions of dollars to respond to threats from nature..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s first line of defense begins 20 feet up on power poles, with compact but complex remote weather stations. The utility has the state’s most extensive weather-monitoring network, with 177 stations across 4,000 square miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every 10 minutes the stations beam real-time information about temperature, humidity and wind speed and direction to a command center in San Diego. The \u003ca href=\"https://sdgeweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> is also available to the public on the company’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In conditions of high wildfire risk—excessive heat or wind, for example—the information is folded into twice-daily emails shared with the state firefighting agency and local responders. The weather forecast is also included in a separate email dispatched every morning at 6:30 a.m. to company leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remote-controlled cameras provide a picture of what’s happening not only with the company’s equipment but also with the surrounding landscape. Trouble can be spotted more quickly, crews can be better positioned and power shutoffs can occur earlier when necessary. Control of the cameras can be handed off to fire officials during emergencies. In a revenge-of-the-nerds moment, meteorologists and fire forecasters now have a seat at the company table alongside the brass and the engineers when emergencies arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding the weather enables decision making,” said Chris Arends, who manages the utility’s meteorology program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Nahai is the former head of another company, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the largest municipal utility in the United States. He said keeping the lights on requires investment, planning and constant vigilance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think about natural disaster all the time. You think about fires all the time. It’s an everyday priority,” Nahai said. “That doesn’t mean you can withstand everything that we are vulnerable to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/category/projects/frayed-wires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of articles\u003c/a>, published in partnership with The Sacramento Bee, to explore California’s need to modernize the electricity network that powers the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"We are always being attacked,\" one expert says. If computer hackers hijack California's electricity network, the entire state could be held hostage.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Russians hack Ukraine’s electricity network, turning lights off and on at will, rendering the country’s best tech hands helpless to intervene. North Korea takes over the controls of a South Korean nuclear power plant. Snipers with high-velocity rifles unleash a fusillade on a transmission station near San Jose, inflicting $15 million in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the plot of the latest spy novel. Rather, it’s small sampling of actual attacks, the kind of sabotage against vulnerable energy systems that can cut off power with the click of a mouse and bring officials to their knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say energy grids are the new front in cyber-terrorism. Although the wildfires that periodically dominate the news are a serious threat to California’s power supply, cyber-invaders are an around-the clock danger, trying to penetrate grid security every minute of every day. An all-hands-on-deck battle is being waged against them, and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-electricity-grid-modernization-efforts-cost/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the network\u003c/a> that serves nearly 40 million people’s homes, industries and public-safety agencies depends on a successful defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the grid be hijacked, the entire state could be held hostage, experts say. Can the state prevent what one utility executive likened to “a hostile takeover?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Never has California’s aging electricity infrastructure been more vulnerable, even as the government plans to rely on it more completely with 5 million electric cars and, eventually, to fully operate the world’s fifth-largest economy. Moreover, fire and sophisticated hacking aren’t the only risks to the consistent flow of electrical power: The grid can also be undone by California’s formidable natural forces—wind, earthquakes, floods—and the most humble of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gnawing squirrels have brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/07/squirrels-trading-new-york-stock-exchange/398108/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stock trading\u003c/a> to a halt more than once by chewing electricity lines and disrupting NASDAQ computers. Rodents also interrupted some \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/07/81407/but-is-it-squirrel-proof-lax-and-dwp-s-120-million/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">operations\u003c/a> at Los Angeles International Airport on Thanksgiving Day in 2015, briefly stopping elevators, baggage screening and other functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A widespread, sustained power outage is frightening to contemplate, with the tools we use to navigate our lives taken from us: no lights, telephone service or charging capacity; no heating or cooling; no computers, working gas pumps or ATMs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/article225293965.html/video-embed\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think of the internet as a weapon of mass destruction,” says former news anchor Ted Koppel, whose book “Lights Out” explores threats to U.S. electricity grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scale of the challenge to keep the lights on was drawn in sharp relief in November at Stanford University, where experts gathered to peer into the energy future. Hint–it’s murky and potentially dark, including ransom schemes and even grid attacks intended to sow chaos ahead of terrorist ground assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our adversaries are advancing at a rapid clip,” said Sue Gordon, principal deputy director of national intelligence, the federal government’s leading cybersecurity agency and a \u003ca href=\"https://gef.stanford.edu/videos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conference\u003c/a> participant. “Within a few years Russia and China will have the ability to conduct on-demand, localized disruption of service, including of control systems in multiple sectors, simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s vulnerable electricity infrastructure has the attention of lawmakers in Sacramento. Some have faulted the oversight of safety procedures at power companies, a displeasure that has brought new scrutiny to the Public Utilities Commission, which regulates those businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state law\u003c/a> requires utilities to undertake broader, more aggressive planning for reducing fire risks associated with utility equipment, though regulators say they have neither funding nor technology to comprehensively monitor even the measures companies already have in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the state operates two entities tasked with analyzing and addressing potential hacking threats, particularly to critical infrastructure such as power stations and the dams where hydroelectric power is generated, and coordinating their efforts with utility companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS15557_BUDGET_13-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-Los Angeles) speaks during debate at the Capitol on June 15, 2015. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, state Senator Bob Hertzberg, who has an extensive background in the power sector, worries that California is underprepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unbelievable, oh my God; there are so many things that can go wrong,” said the Democrat from Van Nuys, who authored a law last year pinpointing threats to the grid from electromagnetic attacks. “Security is a big deal, and it’s become a big deal because we rely on electricity for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator, the private company that is the state’s grid overlord, is obsessed with security. A spokeswoman said it has significantly increased investment in cybersecurity in recent years and regularly conducts internal testing. It even relocated its fortress-like facility to cocoon its operations against harm—sited on high ground, away from known seismic faults, close (but not too close) to Sacramento and a highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like every utility and power company in the state, the grid operator has marauders at its cyber-gate every minute of every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are always being attacked,” said Mark Rothleder, a CAISO vice president, gazing down at the gymnasium-sized control room where electricity supply and demand are constantly monitored. “We have mechanisms in place ... but it’s constantly changing. It’s a constantly evolving threat we have to defend against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security managers universally seem to adopt a “security through obscurity” approach, not wishing to discuss specific strategies other than to say they are in place. In addition, the state’s largest investor-owned utilities—Pacific Gas and Electric, Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric—all have specific departments to defend against cyber-incursions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://e.infogram.com/81ffb848-5f9f-47d8-9445-bb8965ab6e41?src=embed\" title=\"Type \" width=\"924\" height=\"588\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attacks can come from an unknown source, anywhere in the world. Some hackers gain access to a host system and do nothing more than hide in the figurative bushes, getting to know the lay of the cyber-land and biding time. Malware lurks in dark corners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take three to six months to detect a computer breach, according to David Goeckeler, Executive Vice President of San Jose-based CISCO, the computer networking giant with cybersecurity expertise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as often, hackers bang on the digital front door, on the off-chance it will be mistakenly opened. Goeckeler, speaking at the Stanford energy forum, said saboteurs attempt to hack CISCO’s systems 20 billion times a day. Yes, billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such threats have become a priority for the federal government. California utilities participate with those of other states in federal exercises such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerc.com/pa/CI/CIPOutreach/GridEX/GridEx%20IV%20Public%20Lessons%20Learned%20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GridEx\u003c/a>, a war game that simulates grid attacks and coordinates potential responses with local and state emergency agencies, law enforcement, the Department of Defense and telecommunications and banking firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/grid-part-2-PHOTO-2-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoraya Griffin.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At SDG&E, which has 3.6 million electricity customers, “there’s always some type of an intrusion attempt daily,” said Zoraya Griffin, the company’s emergency operations manager. “It’s not a matter of if we have them, but how many.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to threats that are difficult to see, such as those posed by hackers, some vulnerabilities are literally before our eyes. Aging equipment. Poorly maintained circuits and other key equipment. Miles of wires surrounded by overgrown vegetation and tinder-dry trees that can ignite in a flash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s response to the issue has been accelerated by the wildfire threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have ordered utilities to “harden” their equipment with such measures as replacing wooden power poles with metal or composite ones, swathing lines in more robust insulation and wrapping other equipment in metal or other fire-resistant material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Utilities Commission is awaiting companies’ specific fire-mitigation \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/SB901/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plans\u003c/a>, due in early February. Those reports are to detail how the utilities will construct, maintain and operate their equipment to minimize its risk of causing catastrophic blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work will carry a sobering price tag. For example, a federal judge has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/23/688058715/pg-e-says-federal-judge-s-safety-plan-is-infeasible-and-too-expensive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed\u003c/a> that PG&E inspect its entire transmission system–including nearly 100,000 miles of power lines–and make its equipment more fire-safe. The utility balked, saying the work would cost $150 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But why expose equipment and circuits to fire danger in the first place? Money. It makes the most financial sense for utilities to traverse California’s steep mountain passes and broad deserts by erecting power towers that march with giant steps across those vast landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although companies tend to locate power lines underground in new housing tracts, relocating above-ground lines under the earth is expensive–as much as $3 million a mile. In addition, digging new trenches in established neighborhoods and congested areas typically meets local resistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723631\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723631\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut-1200x783.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS33931_111318_AW_CampFire_18-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PG&E subcontractors walk along Skyway to assess vegetation at risk for catching fire on November 13, 2018. \u003ccite>(Anne Wernikoff/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Utilities have stepped up their resiliency efforts, clearing brush and cutting trees, installing cameras to monitor far-flung equipment and focusing more on the potential of weather to cause problems. But one company, San Diego Gas & Electric, is ahead of the pack in elevating weather forecasting to a high priority, investing billions of dollars to respond to threats from nature..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s first line of defense begins 20 feet up on power poles, with compact but complex remote weather stations. The utility has the state’s most extensive weather-monitoring network, with 177 stations across 4,000 square miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every 10 minutes the stations beam real-time information about temperature, humidity and wind speed and direction to a command center in San Diego. The \u003ca href=\"https://sdgeweather.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> is also available to the public on the company’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In conditions of high wildfire risk—excessive heat or wind, for example—the information is folded into twice-daily emails shared with the state firefighting agency and local responders. The weather forecast is also included in a separate email dispatched every morning at 6:30 a.m. to company leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remote-controlled cameras provide a picture of what’s happening not only with the company’s equipment but also with the surrounding landscape. Trouble can be spotted more quickly, crews can be better positioned and power shutoffs can occur earlier when necessary. Control of the cameras can be handed off to fire officials during emergencies. In a revenge-of-the-nerds moment, meteorologists and fire forecasters now have a seat at the company table alongside the brass and the engineers when emergencies arise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding the weather enables decision making,” said Chris Arends, who manages the utility’s meteorology program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Nahai is the former head of another company, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the largest municipal utility in the United States. He said keeping the lights on requires investment, planning and constant vigilance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think about natural disaster all the time. You think about fires all the time. It’s an everyday priority,” Nahai said. “That doesn’t mean you can withstand everything that we are vulnerable to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second in a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/category/projects/frayed-wires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of articles\u003c/a>, published in partnership with The Sacramento Bee, to explore California’s need to modernize the electricity network that powers the state.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Details Emerge on San Jose's $100 Million Pledge to Build More Affordable Housing",
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"content": "\u003cp>The city of San Jose has \u003ca href=\"https://files.constantcontact.com/7a210436601/3d250fd4-b4e7-4c02-856a-54c63286c524.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced details\u003c/a> for how it plans to spend $100 million on affordable housing. Providing that the City Council approves them, 11 proposed developments promise to add 1,144 apartments to San Jose’s housing inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719212/despite-strong-opposition-bay-area-officials-endorse-ambitious-regional-affordable-housing-plan\">Despite Opposition, Bay Area Officials Endorse Ambitious Affordable Housing Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719212/despite-strong-opposition-bay-area-officials-endorse-ambitious-regional-affordable-housing-plan\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS9650_9303339141_3f3db8e6d2_o-e1544831315188-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Roughly half of the funding comes from loan repayments from previous affordable housing projects; the other half from inclusionary housing fees that market rate developers are required to pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All those are going to be low-, very low-, or extremely low-income units,” said San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who anticipates trying to get voters to pass an affordable housing bond again in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We came very close in the last election to passing a half a billion dollar bond,” he said. \u003ca href=\"https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CA/Santa_Clara/92418/Web02.222611/#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sixty-four percent was close\u003c/a>, but not the two thirds required to pass that bond last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if all the affordable housing announced today gets built, San Jose will still be just 20 percent of the way to meeting its goal of 10,000 affordable units by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very challenging crisis we’re in, and it’s going to take many years to get out of it,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo has talked personally with Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has made housing one of his top priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m thrilled that we’ve got a governor who gets it about the challenge about the magnitude of the crisis and about the need to go big, if we’re going to be able to tackle this problem in a significant way,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers, nurses, firefighters — even some tech workers — struggle to find affordable housing in San Jose, despite the fact it has a bigger geographic footprint than most cities in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723329\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who's still in a body brace after an SUV hit him while he was cycling in the city January 1, 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who’s still in a body brace after an SUV hit him while he was cycling in the city January 1, 2019. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the Committee to House the Bay Area, a group promoting a \u003ca title=\"Read the CASA plan\" href=\"https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/CASA_Compact.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">regional plan\u003c/a> to address the crisis, this region has added 722,000 jobs since 2010, but only created 106,000 new units of housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m the first to recognize what we have is a multibillion dollar problem, and $10 million here and there isn’t going to solve it, but every bit helps.’\u003ccite> San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Liccardo is also looking to philanthropic and corporate support, like the recent pledge from the \u003ca href=\"https://chanzuckerberg.com/story/a-new-housing-partnership-for-the-bays-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative\u003c/a>. The Partnership for the Bay’s Future — which the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative is starting in conjunction with the \u003ca href=\"https://sff.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Foundation\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fordfoundation.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ford Foundation\u003c/a> and other groups — will seek to bolster affordable housing through a new $500 million investment fund. Facebook and Genentech are among the companies making contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though some may criticize Silicon Valley tech and biotech companies for only recently starting to spend big to help solve a problem they helped create, Liccardo said, “The more the merrier. I’m the first to recognize what we have is a multibillion dollar problem, and $10 million here and there isn’t going to solve it, but every bit helps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the affordable housing is destined for downtown San Jose along transit corridors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have today is a testament to many years of very bad planning,” Liccardo said. “We’re now tasked with retrofitting this city that has really been built for automobiles into a city built for people.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The city of San Jose has \u003ca href=\"https://files.constantcontact.com/7a210436601/3d250fd4-b4e7-4c02-856a-54c63286c524.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced details\u003c/a> for how it plans to spend $100 million on affordable housing. Providing that the City Council approves them, 11 proposed developments promise to add 1,144 apartments to San Jose’s housing inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719212/despite-strong-opposition-bay-area-officials-endorse-ambitious-regional-affordable-housing-plan\">Despite Opposition, Bay Area Officials Endorse Ambitious Affordable Housing Plan\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11719212/despite-strong-opposition-bay-area-officials-endorse-ambitious-regional-affordable-housing-plan\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS9650_9303339141_3f3db8e6d2_o-e1544831315188-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Roughly half of the funding comes from loan repayments from previous affordable housing projects; the other half from inclusionary housing fees that market rate developers are required to pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All those are going to be low-, very low-, or extremely low-income units,” said San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who anticipates trying to get voters to pass an affordable housing bond again in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We came very close in the last election to passing a half a billion dollar bond,” he said. \u003ca href=\"https://results.enr.clarityelections.com/CA/Santa_Clara/92418/Web02.222611/#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sixty-four percent was close\u003c/a>, but not the two thirds required to pass that bond last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if all the affordable housing announced today gets built, San Jose will still be just 20 percent of the way to meeting its goal of 10,000 affordable units by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very challenging crisis we’re in, and it’s going to take many years to get out of it,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liccardo has talked personally with Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has made housing one of his top priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m thrilled that we’ve got a governor who gets it about the challenge about the magnitude of the crisis and about the need to go big, if we’re going to be able to tackle this problem in a significant way,” Liccardo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers, nurses, firefighters — even some tech workers — struggle to find affordable housing in San Jose, despite the fact it has a bigger geographic footprint than most cities in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11723329\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11723329\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who's still in a body brace after an SUV hit him while he was cycling in the city January 1, 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/RS35112_IMG_4514-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who’s still in a body brace after an SUV hit him while he was cycling in the city January 1, 2019. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the Committee to House the Bay Area, a group promoting a \u003ca title=\"Read the CASA plan\" href=\"https://mtc.ca.gov/sites/default/files/CASA_Compact.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">regional plan\u003c/a> to address the crisis, this region has added 722,000 jobs since 2010, but only created 106,000 new units of housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m the first to recognize what we have is a multibillion dollar problem, and $10 million here and there isn’t going to solve it, but every bit helps.’\u003ccite> San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Liccardo is also looking to philanthropic and corporate support, like the recent pledge from the \u003ca href=\"https://chanzuckerberg.com/story/a-new-housing-partnership-for-the-bays-future/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative\u003c/a>. The Partnership for the Bay’s Future — which the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative is starting in conjunction with the \u003ca href=\"https://sff.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Foundation\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fordfoundation.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ford Foundation\u003c/a> and other groups — will seek to bolster affordable housing through a new $500 million investment fund. Facebook and Genentech are among the companies making contributions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though some may criticize Silicon Valley tech and biotech companies for only recently starting to spend big to help solve a problem they helped create, Liccardo said, “The more the merrier. I’m the first to recognize what we have is a multibillion dollar problem, and $10 million here and there isn’t going to solve it, but every bit helps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the affordable housing is destined for downtown San Jose along transit corridors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have today is a testament to many years of very bad planning,” Liccardo said. “We’re now tasked with retrofitting this city that has really been built for automobiles into a city built for people.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Getting around in the Bay Area is a pain in the butt, especially for marginalized groups like those with low incomes, people with disabilities, the elderly and people of color. Autonomous vehicles could help alleviate our transportation inequities, or they could make them worse. Brian Watt talks to Hana Creger of the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Greenlining Institute\u003c/a> about whether we’re headed toward transportation heaven or hell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the report Creger co-authored on this question: \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/R4_AutonomousVehiclesReportSingle_2019_2.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">“Autonomous Vehicle Heaven or Hell? Creating a Transportation Revolution that Benefits All”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Q’ed Up is hosted and produced by Ryan Levi. This episode was edited by Queena Kim. Follow Ryan on Twitter at @ryan_levi. Send us a note at qedup@kqed.org. Find more Q’ed Up at kqed.org/qedup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Getting around in the Bay Area is a pain in the butt, especially for marginalized groups like those with low incomes, people with disabilities, the elderly and people of color. Autonomous vehicles could help alleviate our transportation inequities, or they could make them worse. Brian Watt talks to Hana Creger of the Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Greenlining Institute\u003c/a> about whether we’re headed toward transportation heaven or hell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the report Creger co-authored on this question: \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/R4_AutonomousVehiclesReportSingle_2019_2.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">“Autonomous Vehicle Heaven or Hell? Creating a Transportation Revolution that Benefits All”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Q’ed Up is hosted and produced by Ryan Levi. This episode was edited by Queena Kim. Follow Ryan on Twitter at @ryan_levi. Send us a note at qedup@kqed.org. Find more Q’ed Up at kqed.org/qedup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It took eight years for Lenore Estrada to grow her business, \u003ca href=\"https://www.threebabesbakeshop.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three Babes Bakeshop\u003c/a>, to 19 employees and $1 million in gross sales. To do that, she’s had to sell a lot of pies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, Estrada sold many of those pies through Munchery, a meal delivery company based in San Francisco, where customers could place their orders with a smartphone app. The partnership brought in some steady income, but ended up backfiring on her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722739\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11722739 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Lenore Estrada baked around a thousand pies for a Munchery order at Thanksgiving.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lenore Estrada baked around 1,000 pies for a Munchery order at Thanksgiving. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Thanksgiving, Munchery put in an order for around 1,000 pies, which Estrada baked herself even though she had a 2-month-old baby at home. “I worked the graveyard shift,” Estrada said. “I left my baby at home and I would work here from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m., just keeping the ovens full.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order was worth $20,000. Munchery, like many big wholesalers, usually paid Estrada late, but this time the check never came. In mid-January, Munchery closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estrada said no one from the company contacted her to let her know — she found out only because she’d once used Munchery as a customer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I purchased a sandwich from them before, so I’m now on their listserv,” she said. “I received an email at the same time as all the other customers of theirs, saying that they regretted to inform us that they were closing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munchery started in San Francisco in 2010, and it quickly expanded to other major metro areas, like New York and Los Angeles. It was a part of a wave of meal delivery startups that promised to “disrupt” the dining industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these companies, like Sprig, Bento and SpoonRocket, have closed along with Munchery, many because they weren’t able to operate independently of venture capital. Munchery had $125 million in venture capital money, which it socked into things like pie orders and advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Munchery began laying off workers. It halted service in Los Angeles, New York City and Seattle. One investor, who did not want his name used, said he saw the writing on the wall and counseled CEO James Beriker to wind the company down this past fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Beriker pushed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED, he said that additional financing fell through very suddenly. Two weeks ago, the company abruptly shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was [a] difficult decision and was extremely disappointing for all of us who worked so hard to turn the business around over the last two years,” Beriker wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/threebabesbake/status/1090288946683101184?s=11\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munchery is still in debt to a number of bakers and chefs in San Francisco, including Dandelion Chocolate, Crumble & Whisk, Hodo Soy and Petit Pot. The businesses are collectively owed over $50,000, and the owners are taking to social media to try to raise awareness about their plight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Estrada held a protest bake sale outside the San Francisco offices of Sherpa Capital, one of the VC firms that invested in Munchery. She said she has spoken to representatives of the San Francisco mayor’s office and the state Department of Justice, but sees little recourse. She said she and other small businesses are bearing the financial consequences of a failed venture capital experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11722890 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Lenore Estrada held a protest bake sale to bring attention to the debts that Munchery owe her and other small businesses\" width=\"368\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644.jpg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lenore Estrada held a protest bake sale to bring attention to the money that Munchery owes her and other small businesses. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This whole scenario does not surprise Mara Zepeda, an entrepreneur who helped begin\u003ca href=\"https://www.zebrasunite.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Zebras Unite\u003c/a>. The group advocates for more inclusive tech companies that focus on sustainability and responsibility, rather than the hyperfast growth and profit demanded by venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Criticizing venture capital for being too high-growth is like criticizing fire for being hot,” Zepeda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venture capital investment in the U.S. is at an all-time high, surpassing the 2000s dot-com levels for the first time. Zepeda said VC money puts pressure on companies to expand faster than may be wise in the hopes that someone will buy them up or provide more cash before the money runs out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aniyia Williams, an entrepreneur who lives in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood not far from the Three Babes Bakeshop, said she felt that pressure. Williams started a venture-backed company, Tinsel, which made ornamental headphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re trying to just move at the speed of light,” Williams said. “It always feels like, OK, you’re just that much closer to finding that next investor who’s going to be the one who writes that check that’s going to save you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, her company was pushed to the brink, but Williams said she was able to pay off all her debts — not because anyone forced her to, but because she made a personal decision to prioritize it. Tinsel is now in a bit of stasis mode while Williams tries to sort out her next move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minimizing damage to other businesses isn’t such a high priority for many venture-backed companies Williams said. “Fundraising becomes the business model, and these partners you’ve had along the way can get caught in the wake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting caught in the wake of Munchery’s failure is especially damaging for small companies like Three Babes Bakeshop. Owner Estrada said she pays herself only $30,000 a year, and her margin for survival is razor-thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estrada said some of her customers suggested she run a GoFundMe campaign to recoup her losses, but she doesn’t want the burden to fall on friends and customers. “What we want is for the venture capitalists, the investors and board members to take responsibility and write a check for the money that we’re owed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing $20,000 means Estrada won’t be able to expand this year like she had planned, and she’s going to have to scrape to continue offering health care and benefits to her employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munchery’s former CEO Beriker says he’s “personally working on potential solutions,” but by law the company must pay banks and employees before vendors like Estrada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realize just how hard this is for local businesses,” Beriker wrote in an email. “We have so appreciated our partners, large and small, and deeply regret the impact that our lack of funding and sudden decision to shut down had on their businesses and families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, a group of former employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.pymnts.com/legal/2019/munchery-sued-ex-employees-shutdown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">filed a class-action lawsuit\u003c/a> against Munchery, demanding back pay and saying the company failed to give them the required 60-day advance notice of an intended layoff.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It took eight years for Lenore Estrada to grow her business, \u003ca href=\"https://www.threebabesbakeshop.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Three Babes Bakeshop\u003c/a>, to 19 employees and $1 million in gross sales. To do that, she’s had to sell a lot of pies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, Estrada sold many of those pies through Munchery, a meal delivery company based in San Francisco, where customers could place their orders with a smartphone app. The partnership brought in some steady income, but ended up backfiring on her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722739\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11722739 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Lenore Estrada baked around a thousand pies for a Munchery order at Thanksgiving.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/Estrada-with-baby-e1549053653866-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lenore Estrada baked around 1,000 pies for a Munchery order at Thanksgiving. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Thanksgiving, Munchery put in an order for around 1,000 pies, which Estrada baked herself even though she had a 2-month-old baby at home. “I worked the graveyard shift,” Estrada said. “I left my baby at home and I would work here from 10 p.m. to 8 a.m., just keeping the ovens full.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order was worth $20,000. Munchery, like many big wholesalers, usually paid Estrada late, but this time the check never came. In mid-January, Munchery closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estrada said no one from the company contacted her to let her know — she found out only because she’d once used Munchery as a customer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I purchased a sandwich from them before, so I’m now on their listserv,” she said. “I received an email at the same time as all the other customers of theirs, saying that they regretted to inform us that they were closing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munchery started in San Francisco in 2010, and it quickly expanded to other major metro areas, like New York and Los Angeles. It was a part of a wave of meal delivery startups that promised to “disrupt” the dining industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these companies, like Sprig, Bento and SpoonRocket, have closed along with Munchery, many because they weren’t able to operate independently of venture capital. Munchery had $125 million in venture capital money, which it socked into things like pie orders and advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Munchery began laying off workers. It halted service in Los Angeles, New York City and Seattle. One investor, who did not want his name used, said he saw the writing on the wall and counseled CEO James Beriker to wind the company down this past fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Beriker pushed on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED, he said that additional financing fell through very suddenly. Two weeks ago, the company abruptly shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was [a] difficult decision and was extremely disappointing for all of us who worked so hard to turn the business around over the last two years,” Beriker wrote.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Munchery is still in debt to a number of bakers and chefs in San Francisco, including Dandelion Chocolate, Crumble & Whisk, Hodo Soy and Petit Pot. The businesses are collectively owed over $50,000, and the owners are taking to social media to try to raise awareness about their plight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Estrada held a protest bake sale outside the San Francisco offices of Sherpa Capital, one of the VC firms that invested in Munchery. She said she has spoken to representatives of the San Francisco mayor’s office and the state Department of Justice, but sees little recourse. She said she and other small businesses are bearing the financial consequences of a failed venture capital experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11722890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 368px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11722890 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Lenore Estrada held a protest bake sale to bring attention to the debts that Munchery owe her and other small businesses\" width=\"368\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/IMG_4061-e1549069478644.jpg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 368px) 100vw, 368px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lenore Estrada held a protest bake sale to bring attention to the money that Munchery owes her and other small businesses. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This whole scenario does not surprise Mara Zepeda, an entrepreneur who helped begin\u003ca href=\"https://www.zebrasunite.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Zebras Unite\u003c/a>. The group advocates for more inclusive tech companies that focus on sustainability and responsibility, rather than the hyperfast growth and profit demanded by venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Criticizing venture capital for being too high-growth is like criticizing fire for being hot,” Zepeda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venture capital investment in the U.S. is at an all-time high, surpassing the 2000s dot-com levels for the first time. Zepeda said VC money puts pressure on companies to expand faster than may be wise in the hopes that someone will buy them up or provide more cash before the money runs out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aniyia Williams, an entrepreneur who lives in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood not far from the Three Babes Bakeshop, said she felt that pressure. Williams started a venture-backed company, Tinsel, which made ornamental headphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re trying to just move at the speed of light,” Williams said. “It always feels like, OK, you’re just that much closer to finding that next investor who’s going to be the one who writes that check that’s going to save you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, her company was pushed to the brink, but Williams said she was able to pay off all her debts — not because anyone forced her to, but because she made a personal decision to prioritize it. Tinsel is now in a bit of stasis mode while Williams tries to sort out her next move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minimizing damage to other businesses isn’t such a high priority for many venture-backed companies Williams said. “Fundraising becomes the business model, and these partners you’ve had along the way can get caught in the wake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting caught in the wake of Munchery’s failure is especially damaging for small companies like Three Babes Bakeshop. Owner Estrada said she pays herself only $30,000 a year, and her margin for survival is razor-thin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estrada said some of her customers suggested she run a GoFundMe campaign to recoup her losses, but she doesn’t want the burden to fall on friends and customers. “What we want is for the venture capitalists, the investors and board members to take responsibility and write a check for the money that we’re owed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing $20,000 means Estrada won’t be able to expand this year like she had planned, and she’s going to have to scrape to continue offering health care and benefits to her employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munchery’s former CEO Beriker says he’s “personally working on potential solutions,” but by law the company must pay banks and employees before vendors like Estrada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realize just how hard this is for local businesses,” Beriker wrote in an email. “We have so appreciated our partners, large and small, and deeply regret the impact that our lack of funding and sudden decision to shut down had on their businesses and families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, a group of former employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.pymnts.com/legal/2019/munchery-sued-ex-employees-shutdown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">filed a class-action lawsuit\u003c/a> against Munchery, demanding back pay and saying the company failed to give them the required 60-day advance notice of an intended layoff.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the Federal Communications Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11674148/your-internet-use-could-change-as-net-neutrality-ends\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repealed net neutrality protections\u003c/a> in 2017, it set the stage for a legal stand-off in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oral arguments on \u003cem>Mozilla v FCC\u003c/em> took place Friday before a three-judge panel in Washington, D.C. It might have been too early in the morning and the stakes too high for beer and popcorn, but partisans on both sides of the case live streamed the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the FCC’s side: AT&T, Verizon and other telecom giants happy with the agency’s rollback of Obama-era regulation. On the plaintiffs’ side: more than 20 states, consumer groups, and companies worried those in control of Internet access will inevitably pick favorites based on how much money changes hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 18 and a half of the last 20 years, the FCC had in place rules or principles against misconduct by ISPs [Internet Service Providers],” said Pantelis Michalopoulos, representing Mozilla and the other companies in the case, in the arguments. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michalopoulos argued the FCC wrongly classified the Internet as an information service rather than a telecommunication service, using that as a rationale for not cracking down on misconduct by big Internet providers. “This is like a surrealist painting that shows a pipe and says ‘this is not a pipe,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Johnson, the FCC’s general counsel, defended the agency’s “light-touch” regulatory approach. “The petitioners second-guess the commission’s reasonable policies and predictive judgments about how best to promote broadband deployment to all parts of the country and to protect an open Internet,” Johnson said in oral arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703895\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai speaks to members of the media after a commission meeting December 14, 2017 in Washington, D.C.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai speaks to members of the media after a commission meeting Dec. 14, 2017, in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the case: whether the FCC acted properly when it overturned its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-releases-open-internet-order\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Internet Order\u003c/a>. The 2015 order established rules against broadband providers from setting up “fast lanes” for some while blocking or throttling others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozilla, developer of the Firefox web browser, joined a number of other companies and organizations to file a legal challenge shortly after the repeal took effect. In the oral arguments, Michalopoulos called the FCC’s repeal “a stab in the heart of the Communications Act,” the law that established the federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/ryan-singel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ryan Singel\u003c/a>, a fellow at Stanford Law School’s Center for Internet and Society was among those paying close attention to Friday’s proceedings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government’s argument was the FCC is the expert agency. They took a look and said, ‘We can’t see any harms that the ISPs are doing and if we just got rid of all the regulations then the ISPs are going to invest all this money and expand broadband into rural areas and speed everything up and become much more innovative,” Singel said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the judges on the panel were appointed by the Obama administration, the other by the Reagan administration. Many expected the questioning and the eventual decision to reflect a 2-1 split.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Stanford’s Singel says it seemed to him all three judges were skeptical about the arguments put forward in defense of the FCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a fun little moment, watching the judges maybe starting to see that the FCC had decided on the policy before they figured out the rationale for the policy,” Singel said. “That’s not how an expert agency is supposed to work. It seems like this FCC was just dead set on ‘Let’s get rid of all the rules and protections and then we’ll figure out how to justify it later.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most notable issues that came up [in the oral arguments] was public safety in California,” said Electronic Frontier Foundation Legislative Counsel \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/about/staff/ernesto-omar-falcon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ernesto Falcon\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had the situation where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688157/verizon-throttled-firefighters-internet-access-at-outset-of-mendocino-blaze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verizon was throttling firefighters\u003c/a> during an emergency,” said Falcon. “The fact is, the FCC had no good answers for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the FCC’s rollback, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690029/california-lawmakers-pass-net-neutrality-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California passed\u003c/a> the nation’s strongest state net neutrality legislation, and a question for both sides was how the FCC can argue it has no power to regulate but can prohibit states from regulating. “They are not going to be able to convince every single state legislature to simply lay their arms down and do nothing to protect consumers here,” Falcon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the judges decide is expected to affect the Trump Administration’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11695642/justice-department-sues-california-over-hours-old-net-neutrality-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">block California\u003c/a> from enforcing its own net neutrality rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This case is basically about whether the court should give the FCC’s decision deference,” wrote \u003ca href=\"http://gigisohn.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gigi Sohn\u003c/a>, a fellow at the Institute for Technology Law & Policy, in an email. (Sohn was also counselor to former FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler from November 2013 to December 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sohn explained, “Courts normally give agencies deference unless those decisions are contrary to the plain language of their organic law (in this case the Communications Act of 1934) or their decisions are unsupported by the record. The DC Circuit is well-known for striking down agency decisions (and especially the FCC’s) as arbitrary and capricious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens next? The judges could decide to send the repeal back to the FCC for revisions, or overturn it entirely. If it’s the latter, expect the telecom industry to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the Federal Communications Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11674148/your-internet-use-could-change-as-net-neutrality-ends\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">repealed net neutrality protections\u003c/a> in 2017, it set the stage for a legal stand-off in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oral arguments on \u003cem>Mozilla v FCC\u003c/em> took place Friday before a three-judge panel in Washington, D.C. It might have been too early in the morning and the stakes too high for beer and popcorn, but partisans on both sides of the case live streamed the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the FCC’s side: AT&T, Verizon and other telecom giants happy with the agency’s rollback of Obama-era regulation. On the plaintiffs’ side: more than 20 states, consumer groups, and companies worried those in control of Internet access will inevitably pick favorites based on how much money changes hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 18 and a half of the last 20 years, the FCC had in place rules or principles against misconduct by ISPs [Internet Service Providers],” said Pantelis Michalopoulos, representing Mozilla and the other companies in the case, in the arguments. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michalopoulos argued the FCC wrongly classified the Internet as an information service rather than a telecommunication service, using that as a rationale for not cracking down on misconduct by big Internet providers. “This is like a surrealist painting that shows a pipe and says ‘this is not a pipe,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Johnson, the FCC’s general counsel, defended the agency’s “light-touch” regulatory approach. “The petitioners second-guess the commission’s reasonable policies and predictive judgments about how best to promote broadband deployment to all parts of the country and to protect an open Internet,” Johnson said in oral arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703895\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703895\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai speaks to members of the media after a commission meeting December 14, 2017 in Washington, D.C.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/ajit_pai-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai speaks to members of the media after a commission meeting Dec. 14, 2017, in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the case: whether the FCC acted properly when it overturned its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-releases-open-internet-order\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Open Internet Order\u003c/a>. The 2015 order established rules against broadband providers from setting up “fast lanes” for some while blocking or throttling others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozilla, developer of the Firefox web browser, joined a number of other companies and organizations to file a legal challenge shortly after the repeal took effect. In the oral arguments, Michalopoulos called the FCC’s repeal “a stab in the heart of the Communications Act,” the law that established the federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/ryan-singel/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ryan Singel\u003c/a>, a fellow at Stanford Law School’s Center for Internet and Society was among those paying close attention to Friday’s proceedings. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government’s argument was the FCC is the expert agency. They took a look and said, ‘We can’t see any harms that the ISPs are doing and if we just got rid of all the regulations then the ISPs are going to invest all this money and expand broadband into rural areas and speed everything up and become much more innovative,” Singel said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the judges on the panel were appointed by the Obama administration, the other by the Reagan administration. Many expected the questioning and the eventual decision to reflect a 2-1 split.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Stanford’s Singel says it seemed to him all three judges were skeptical about the arguments put forward in defense of the FCC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a fun little moment, watching the judges maybe starting to see that the FCC had decided on the policy before they figured out the rationale for the policy,” Singel said. “That’s not how an expert agency is supposed to work. It seems like this FCC was just dead set on ‘Let’s get rid of all the rules and protections and then we’ll figure out how to justify it later.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most notable issues that came up [in the oral arguments] was public safety in California,” said Electronic Frontier Foundation Legislative Counsel \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/about/staff/ernesto-omar-falcon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ernesto Falcon\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had the situation where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688157/verizon-throttled-firefighters-internet-access-at-outset-of-mendocino-blaze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verizon was throttling firefighters\u003c/a> during an emergency,” said Falcon. “The fact is, the FCC had no good answers for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the FCC’s rollback, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11690029/california-lawmakers-pass-net-neutrality-bill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California passed\u003c/a> the nation’s strongest state net neutrality legislation, and a question for both sides was how the FCC can argue it has no power to regulate but can prohibit states from regulating. “They are not going to be able to convince every single state legislature to simply lay their arms down and do nothing to protect consumers here,” Falcon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the judges decide is expected to affect the Trump Administration’s efforts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11695642/justice-department-sues-california-over-hours-old-net-neutrality-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">block California\u003c/a> from enforcing its own net neutrality rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This case is basically about whether the court should give the FCC’s decision deference,” wrote \u003ca href=\"http://gigisohn.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gigi Sohn\u003c/a>, a fellow at the Institute for Technology Law & Policy, in an email. (Sohn was also counselor to former FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler from November 2013 to December 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sohn explained, “Courts normally give agencies deference unless those decisions are contrary to the plain language of their organic law (in this case the Communications Act of 1934) or their decisions are unsupported by the record. The DC Circuit is well-known for striking down agency decisions (and especially the FCC’s) as arbitrary and capricious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens next? The judges could decide to send the repeal back to the FCC for revisions, or overturn it entirely. If it’s the latter, expect the telecom industry to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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