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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Stay caught up with the best of KQED's reporting each week by subscribing to the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/qed-up/id1197721799?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Q'ed Up podcast\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"gig economy\" is changing the world of work. Some people drive more than 90 minutes to work app-based jobs. Others are seeing their livelihoods threatened by those same app-based jobs. Today, two people, two stories, one gig economy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more of Sam Harnett's reporting about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706621/the-life-of-a-bay-area-on-demand-super-commuter\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Jodie Collins\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11709039/short-leash-for-independent-dog-walkers-trying-to-make-it-in-the-gig-economy\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bill Peacock\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/for-here-or-to-go-the-rise-of-food-delivery-apps-in-sf/id1350043452?i=1000423668883&mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">click here\u003c/a> to hear Sam on \"The Bay\" podcast talking about how food delivery apps are changing how restaurants do business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Foodies will have noticed the 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://guide.michelin.com/us/san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michelin Guide\u003c/a> came out this week. Naturally, Bay Area restaurants snapped up a lot of stars, most of them crowded around San Francisco and wine country. But the scene on the Peninsula and in the South Bay is starting to come into its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past five years, you’ve seen a greater recognition that there is quality dining down here that is definitely worth the drive,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodgal.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carolyn Jung,\u003c/a> a food writer who has eaten at all 10 Michelin star restaurants south of the city: including \u003ca href=\"https://www.manresarestaurant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manresa\u003c/a>, the long-time destination dining king of the region with three Michelin stars, and Palo Alto’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.maisonbaume.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baumé\u003c/a>, with two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a region more infamous for tech-bros peddling meal replacements like \u003ca href=\"https://soylent.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Soylent\u003c/a> and a variety of food delivery apps, it may be odd to think people here would actually go out to drop a rent check at a high-end restaurant, but it happens. More to the point, locals with the wherewithal are investing in high-end restaurants they can personally visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a lot of highly educated, well-to-do people who travel a lot. They’re looking for more sophisticated options and they’re tired of driving 280 and 101 all the time to get to San Francisco,” Jung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11709500\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-800x594.jpg\" alt=\"Crispy John Dory with California caviar, Meyer lemon confit, creamed Brussels sprouts, and champagne sauce at Protégé.\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-800x594.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-1020x758.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crispy John Dory with California caviar, Meyer lemon confit, creamed Brussels sprouts, and champagne sauce at Protégé. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Protégé)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michelin defines one star as “worth a stop;” two stars as “worth a detour;” and three stars as “worth a special journey.” The French-born guide traditionally favors fine dining, and its inspectors keep a close eye on alumni from Michelin-starred restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That explains in part how Silicon Valley’s newest star at New American \u003ca href=\"https://www.protegepaloalto.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protégé\u003c/a> in Palo Alto got its star less than a year after opening. The chef, pastry chef and master sommelier all came from \u003ca href=\"https://www.thomaskeller.com/tfl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The French Laundry\u003c/a>, Thomas Keller’s three-star landmark in Yountville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California Avenue is becoming a pretty darn good foodie destination,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/author/linda-zavoral/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linda Zavoral\u003c/a>, who blogs about food and restaurants for the Bay Area News Group and notes Baumé is literally on the same block as Protégé. “We’ve had a number of Peninsula restaurants that have had a star for quite awhile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also be said there’s something of a hotbed developing in the kitchens of the region. Zavoral points out \u003ca href=\"http://cheztj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chez TJ\u003c/a> in particular, the French stalwart in Mountain View which has been a popular way station for a succession of highly regarded chefs who’ve gone on to other Michelin-starred restaurants in the Bay Area: Joshua Skenes, Christopher Kostow, Bruno Chemel, Scott Nishiyama, Joey Elenterio and Jared Gallagher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chez TJ has one star now, but had two at one point, and owner George Aviet is hungry to raise the restaurant’s profile once again. He agrees with Jung that Silicon Valley diners have become more sophisticated in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11709498\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Apricot cremeux with gianduja crumble and peach sorbet at the Village Pub in Woodside.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut.jpg 1202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apricot cremeux with gianduja crumble and peach sorbet at the Village Pub in Woodside. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of the Village Pub)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have such an international community that has brought in so many different understandings of different cuisines. People are more aware of their food. It’s gotten more challenging to grow, not just maintain, the level of excellence,” Aviet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also very hard work. Chef Steven Pelas of \u003ca href=\"http://www.thevillagepub.net/menus/wine_list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Village Pub\u003c/a> said he’s “ecstatic” that his traditional American restaurant in Woodside kept its Michelin star this year. He also said he felt palpable “relief” at the news, “but the pressure comes back ten seconds later, because you’ve got to do it all over again!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t need to spend big to eat well in Silicon Valley. Tech campus cafeterias, notwithstanding, there’s still top-notch Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese and other options to be had for those willing to explore local shopping malls. That’s a fact not lost on international restaurant groups that recently chose to open their first Bay Area locations in Silicon Valley, like \u003ca href=\"https://ramennagiusa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ramen Nagi\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://dintaifungusa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Din Tai Fung\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That really shows you just how much this area is on the map for a lot of potential restauranteurs and chefs,” Jung said. “Protégé looked all over the Bay Area for a long time, and they realized that California Avenue in Palo Alto was a great location for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes there was one shocker on the Michelin list this year: the loss of a star for the Portuguese restaurant \u003ca href=\"http://www.adegarest.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adega\u003c/a>. “We were all so thrilled to finally have the first Michelin-starred restaurant in San Jose,” Jung lamented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11709503 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"Manresa, in Los Gatos, is an internationally recognized destination in the fine dining world.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manresa, in Los Gatos, is an internationally recognized destination in the fine dining world. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Manresa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But they can come back. \u003ca href=\"http://www.maderasandhill.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Madera\u003c/a> [at the Rosewood Sand Hill in Menlo Park] also lost their star a couple of years ago. They were able to turn it around in just a year and get it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really exciting time for this area and I think that the next few years will bring even more wonderful chef-driven, significant restaurants, because once you get a cluster of them, the excitement builds and draws more talent to come,” Jung added.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With greater demand from wealthy, sophisticated diners in Silicon Valley, more restaurants are meeting the standards of the Michelin Guide.",
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"title": "Michelin Proves Silicon Valley Likes to Eat Fine Food Just Like the Rest of the Bay Area | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Foodies will have noticed the 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://guide.michelin.com/us/san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michelin Guide\u003c/a> came out this week. Naturally, Bay Area restaurants snapped up a lot of stars, most of them crowded around San Francisco and wine country. But the scene on the Peninsula and in the South Bay is starting to come into its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past five years, you’ve seen a greater recognition that there is quality dining down here that is definitely worth the drive,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.foodgal.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carolyn Jung,\u003c/a> a food writer who has eaten at all 10 Michelin star restaurants south of the city: including \u003ca href=\"https://www.manresarestaurant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Manresa\u003c/a>, the long-time destination dining king of the region with three Michelin stars, and Palo Alto’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.maisonbaume.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Baumé\u003c/a>, with two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a region more infamous for tech-bros peddling meal replacements like \u003ca href=\"https://soylent.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Soylent\u003c/a> and a variety of food delivery apps, it may be odd to think people here would actually go out to drop a rent check at a high-end restaurant, but it happens. More to the point, locals with the wherewithal are investing in high-end restaurants they can personally visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a lot of highly educated, well-to-do people who travel a lot. They’re looking for more sophisticated options and they’re tired of driving 280 and 101 all the time to get to San Francisco,” Jung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11709500\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-800x594.jpg\" alt=\"Crispy John Dory with California caviar, Meyer lemon confit, creamed Brussels sprouts, and champagne sauce at Protégé.\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-800x594.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut-1020x758.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34266_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.30.59-PM-qut.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crispy John Dory with California caviar, Meyer lemon confit, creamed Brussels sprouts, and champagne sauce at Protégé. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Protégé)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Michelin defines one star as “worth a stop;” two stars as “worth a detour;” and three stars as “worth a special journey.” The French-born guide traditionally favors fine dining, and its inspectors keep a close eye on alumni from Michelin-starred restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That explains in part how Silicon Valley’s newest star at New American \u003ca href=\"https://www.protegepaloalto.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Protégé\u003c/a> in Palo Alto got its star less than a year after opening. The chef, pastry chef and master sommelier all came from \u003ca href=\"https://www.thomaskeller.com/tfl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The French Laundry\u003c/a>, Thomas Keller’s three-star landmark in Yountville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California Avenue is becoming a pretty darn good foodie destination,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/author/linda-zavoral/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linda Zavoral\u003c/a>, who blogs about food and restaurants for the Bay Area News Group and notes Baumé is literally on the same block as Protégé. “We’ve had a number of Peninsula restaurants that have had a star for quite awhile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also be said there’s something of a hotbed developing in the kitchens of the region. Zavoral points out \u003ca href=\"http://cheztj.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chez TJ\u003c/a> in particular, the French stalwart in Mountain View which has been a popular way station for a succession of highly regarded chefs who’ve gone on to other Michelin-starred restaurants in the Bay Area: Joshua Skenes, Christopher Kostow, Bruno Chemel, Scott Nishiyama, Joey Elenterio and Jared Gallagher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chez TJ has one star now, but had two at one point, and owner George Aviet is hungry to raise the restaurant’s profile once again. He agrees with Jung that Silicon Valley diners have become more sophisticated in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11709498\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Apricot cremeux with gianduja crumble and peach sorbet at the Village Pub in Woodside.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34265_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.22.43-PM-qut.jpg 1202w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apricot cremeux with gianduja crumble and peach sorbet at the Village Pub in Woodside. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of the Village Pub)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have such an international community that has brought in so many different understandings of different cuisines. People are more aware of their food. It’s gotten more challenging to grow, not just maintain, the level of excellence,” Aviet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also very hard work. Chef Steven Pelas of \u003ca href=\"http://www.thevillagepub.net/menus/wine_list\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Village Pub\u003c/a> said he’s “ecstatic” that his traditional American restaurant in Woodside kept its Michelin star this year. He also said he felt palpable “relief” at the news, “but the pressure comes back ten seconds later, because you’ve got to do it all over again!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t need to spend big to eat well in Silicon Valley. Tech campus cafeterias, notwithstanding, there’s still top-notch Chinese, Indian, Vietnamese and other options to be had for those willing to explore local shopping malls. That’s a fact not lost on international restaurant groups that recently chose to open their first Bay Area locations in Silicon Valley, like \u003ca href=\"https://ramennagiusa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ramen Nagi\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://dintaifungusa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Din Tai Fung\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That really shows you just how much this area is on the map for a lot of potential restauranteurs and chefs,” Jung said. “Protégé looked all over the Bay Area for a long time, and they realized that California Avenue in Palo Alto was a great location for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes there was one shocker on the Michelin list this year: the loss of a star for the Portuguese restaurant \u003ca href=\"http://www.adegarest.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adega\u003c/a>. “We were all so thrilled to finally have the first Michelin-starred restaurant in San Jose,” Jung lamented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11709503 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-800x481.jpg\" alt=\"Manresa, in Los Gatos, is an internationally recognized destination in the fine dining world.\" width=\"800\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34267_Screen-Shot-2018-11-30-at-7.41.48-PM-qut.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manresa, in Los Gatos, is an internationally recognized destination in the fine dining world. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Manresa)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But they can come back. \u003ca href=\"http://www.maderasandhill.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Madera\u003c/a> [at the Rosewood Sand Hill in Menlo Park] also lost their star a couple of years ago. They were able to turn it around in just a year and get it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really exciting time for this area and I think that the next few years will bring even more wonderful chef-driven, significant restaurants, because once you get a cluster of them, the excitement builds and draws more talent to come,” Jung added.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "It's a Short Leash for Dog Walkers Trying to Make It in the Gig Economy",
"title": "It's a Short Leash for Dog Walkers Trying to Make It in the Gig Economy",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In the Bay Area, dog walking can be good money. And tech companies are, not surprisingly, trying to enter the pack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of on-demand services like Uber and DoorDash has investors pouring millions of dollars into pet apps like \u003ca href=\"https://wagwalking.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wag!\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rover.com/dog-walking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rover\u003c/a>. Just this year, Saudi Arabian investors poured $300 million into Wag!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most longtime independent dog walkers here are still just scraping by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's enough to survive,\" said Bill Peacock, a well-known veteran in the San Francisco dog-walking world. \"You know in this city, it's hard to tread water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To his clients, Peacock is a man known by many names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am William Peacock. Wild Bill Peacock, AKA, The Dog Wrangler, AKA, The Cowboy Poop Fairy Princess,” Peacock explained from behind the wheel of his dog-filled pickup truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock's eclectic style never fails to draw attention. His truck has steer horns bolted through the roof and a painted bull on the hood. It also has a novelty horn that sends his canine passengers into a frenzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a decade, Peacock has built a robust business of loyal customers who trust him to walk their dogs. Now he has competition from the tech industry. For the last year he’s noticed more folks out walking dogs, and said he can spot one of the “app” dog walkers from a mile way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see them walking around the block with their cell phones, taking video of their leash walk around the block,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11709044 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peacock posing with one of his four-legged customers next to his cattle-themed rig. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both Wag! and Rover run the typical gig model. They hire contractors who are paid per walk and scheduled through phone apps. The contractors take single dogs for 30- to 60-minute on-leash walks around the neighborhood or nearby parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contractor usually wears a T-shirt emblazoned with the name of the company they're working for. They use their phones to take videos or pictures of their canine charges so owners can rest assured their pups are having a good time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock charges around $25 per dog, walks up to a dozen at a time, and does two runs a day. And he does not send his human clients videos of their dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He does, however, take pride in knowing the ages, names, and breeds of his pack. He also knows their favorite toys, which ones prefers to play fetch or to dig, who the alpha dogs are, and who has a particular penchant for rolling in dead whale carcasses. He also assigns each dog an individual theme song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock considers his operation to be entirely different from the services offered by the apps. But a few years ago — after marrying another dog walker with a business degree — he said the couple did try to grow their business using a similar contract worker model.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We were the kind of business America supposedly wants, husband-and-wife.'\u003ccite>Bill Peacock, longtime independent dog walker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We sort of exploded,” Peacock says, “We had six vehicles with steer horns on the roof.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It went well, Peacock said, until some of his workers demanded to become employees instead of contractors, and become eligible to receive paid overtime and paid breaks, as well as protections like workers compensation. When Peacock told them he couldn’t afford to do that, the workers filed complaints with the state's main labor agency, and ultimately won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock and his wife were fined $18,000 and had to stop using contract workers. They briefly hired full-time employees, he said, but had to let them go after failing to turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got hammered and it folded,” he said. “We were the kind of business America supposedly wants, husband-and-wife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unlikely that contract workers with Wag! and Rover will file similar complaints with state. That's because of the mandatory arbitration agreements they sign, which obligates them to handle issues with the company behind closed doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Peacock, he said he's trying to get by and differentiate himself from the apps by offering a more personal dog-walking experience, things like taking a pack of dogs on an off-leash jaunt on the coast (hence the whale carcass concern).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the kinds of walks dogs really need, Peacock said, not just a quick cruise around the block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as on-demand dog-walking companies continue to grow and expand into new markets, he hopes his longtime customers continue to see that value in that as well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the Bay Area, dog walking can be good money. And tech companies are, not surprisingly, trying to enter the pack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of on-demand services like Uber and DoorDash has investors pouring millions of dollars into pet apps like \u003ca href=\"https://wagwalking.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wag!\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rover.com/dog-walking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rover\u003c/a>. Just this year, Saudi Arabian investors poured $300 million into Wag!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most longtime independent dog walkers here are still just scraping by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's enough to survive,\" said Bill Peacock, a well-known veteran in the San Francisco dog-walking world. \"You know in this city, it's hard to tread water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To his clients, Peacock is a man known by many names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am William Peacock. Wild Bill Peacock, AKA, The Dog Wrangler, AKA, The Cowboy Poop Fairy Princess,” Peacock explained from behind the wheel of his dog-filled pickup truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock's eclectic style never fails to draw attention. His truck has steer horns bolted through the roof and a painted bull on the hood. It also has a novelty horn that sends his canine passengers into a frenzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than a decade, Peacock has built a robust business of loyal customers who trust him to walk their dogs. Now he has competition from the tech industry. For the last year he’s noticed more folks out walking dogs, and said he can spot one of the “app” dog walkers from a mile way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see them walking around the block with their cell phones, taking video of their leash walk around the block,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11709044 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Truck-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peacock posing with one of his four-legged customers next to his cattle-themed rig. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both Wag! and Rover run the typical gig model. They hire contractors who are paid per walk and scheduled through phone apps. The contractors take single dogs for 30- to 60-minute on-leash walks around the neighborhood or nearby parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contractor usually wears a T-shirt emblazoned with the name of the company they're working for. They use their phones to take videos or pictures of their canine charges so owners can rest assured their pups are having a good time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock charges around $25 per dog, walks up to a dozen at a time, and does two runs a day. And he does not send his human clients videos of their dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He does, however, take pride in knowing the ages, names, and breeds of his pack. He also knows their favorite toys, which ones prefers to play fetch or to dig, who the alpha dogs are, and who has a particular penchant for rolling in dead whale carcasses. He also assigns each dog an individual theme song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock considers his operation to be entirely different from the services offered by the apps. But a few years ago — after marrying another dog walker with a business degree — he said the couple did try to grow their business using a similar contract worker model.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We were the kind of business America supposedly wants, husband-and-wife.'\u003ccite>Bill Peacock, longtime independent dog walker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We sort of exploded,” Peacock says, “We had six vehicles with steer horns on the roof.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It went well, Peacock said, until some of his workers demanded to become employees instead of contractors, and become eligible to receive paid overtime and paid breaks, as well as protections like workers compensation. When Peacock told them he couldn’t afford to do that, the workers filed complaints with the state's main labor agency, and ultimately won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock and his wife were fined $18,000 and had to stop using contract workers. They briefly hired full-time employees, he said, but had to let them go after failing to turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got hammered and it folded,” he said. “We were the kind of business America supposedly wants, husband-and-wife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unlikely that contract workers with Wag! and Rover will file similar complaints with state. That's because of the mandatory arbitration agreements they sign, which obligates them to handle issues with the company behind closed doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Peacock, he said he's trying to get by and differentiate himself from the apps by offering a more personal dog-walking experience, things like taking a pack of dogs on an off-leash jaunt on the coast (hence the whale carcass concern).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the kinds of walks dogs really need, Peacock said, not just a quick cruise around the block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as on-demand dog-walking companies continue to grow and expand into new markets, he hopes his longtime customers continue to see that value in that as well.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook has a problem with black people. That's according to former employee Mark Luckie, who recently made public an \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-s-luckie/facebook-is-failing-its-black-employees-and-its-black-users/1931075116975013/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internal memo\u003c/a> he wrote to the company about diversity problems within Facebook. Luckie worked for 14 months as a partnerships manager at the Menlo Park-based company before quitting in early November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckie says he began noticing disparities in how black employees were treated soon after starting his new position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was working very diligently, working with great partners and a lot of energy,\" Luckie says. \"But I got a lot of pushback on a managerial level, and I quickly figured out that it wasn't just me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other black employees, Luckie says, started talking with him about their experiences. They’d tell him managers were unfairly questioning their decisions, and some complained they were dissuaded from joining affinity groups for black employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of black employees at Facebook hovers around 4 percent, up from 2 percent in 2016. Luckie says Facebook has gotten better at hiring black people, but the culture has prevented them from sticking around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What you don’t see is that retention is preventing those numbers from being even higher,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this, Luckie believes, bleeds over into the Facebook user experience. Over the years, black Facebook users have complained they are being unfairly censored, and in some cases their pages have been deleted or suspended — for fighting back against racism on the site. Luckie believes Facebook doesn’t have enough people of color working to help solve this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of people that are being hired for diversity roles but they're not being included in team goals,\" Luckie says. \"Their work is being excluded from team launches and projects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook does not dispute Luckie’s experience, but in a statement, spokesman Anthony Harrison says the company is working to be more inclusive and increase the range of perspectives among those who build their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to fully support all employees when there are issues reported and when there may be microbehaviors that add up,\" Harrison wrote. \"We are going to keep doing all we can to be a truly inclusive company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time Luckie has left a tech company over issues of diversity and a lack of inclusion. Before Facebook, Luckie worked for Twitter, but left after becoming disenchanted by the widespread underrepresentation of faces of color. As for the memo he wrote to Facebook, Luckie says, \"It would be wrong for Facebook to not act on this. It shouldn’t bury its head in the sand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckie quit earlier this month and has since moved to Atlanta. \"I have to think about myself first, my own health and sanity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckie says he knows he’ll likely never work in Silicon Valley again, and that's OK -- because he believes going public might just be the only way to change the culture.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook has a problem with black people. That's according to former employee Mark Luckie, who recently made public an \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-s-luckie/facebook-is-failing-its-black-employees-and-its-black-users/1931075116975013/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">internal memo\u003c/a> he wrote to the company about diversity problems within Facebook. Luckie worked for 14 months as a partnerships manager at the Menlo Park-based company before quitting in early November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckie says he began noticing disparities in how black employees were treated soon after starting his new position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was working very diligently, working with great partners and a lot of energy,\" Luckie says. \"But I got a lot of pushback on a managerial level, and I quickly figured out that it wasn't just me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other black employees, Luckie says, started talking with him about their experiences. They’d tell him managers were unfairly questioning their decisions, and some complained they were dissuaded from joining affinity groups for black employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of black employees at Facebook hovers around 4 percent, up from 2 percent in 2016. Luckie says Facebook has gotten better at hiring black people, but the culture has prevented them from sticking around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What you don’t see is that retention is preventing those numbers from being even higher,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this, Luckie believes, bleeds over into the Facebook user experience. Over the years, black Facebook users have complained they are being unfairly censored, and in some cases their pages have been deleted or suspended — for fighting back against racism on the site. Luckie believes Facebook doesn’t have enough people of color working to help solve this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of people that are being hired for diversity roles but they're not being included in team goals,\" Luckie says. \"Their work is being excluded from team launches and projects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook does not dispute Luckie’s experience, but in a statement, spokesman Anthony Harrison says the company is working to be more inclusive and increase the range of perspectives among those who build their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to fully support all employees when there are issues reported and when there may be microbehaviors that add up,\" Harrison wrote. \"We are going to keep doing all we can to be a truly inclusive company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time Luckie has left a tech company over issues of diversity and a lack of inclusion. Before Facebook, Luckie worked for Twitter, but left after becoming disenchanted by the widespread underrepresentation of faces of color. As for the memo he wrote to Facebook, Luckie says, \"It would be wrong for Facebook to not act on this. It shouldn’t bury its head in the sand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckie quit earlier this month and has since moved to Atlanta. \"I have to think about myself first, my own health and sanity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckie says he knows he’ll likely never work in Silicon Valley again, and that's OK -- because he believes going public might just be the only way to change the culture.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "S.F. Supervisor Pushes to Wipe Zuckerberg's Name From City Hospital",
"title": "S.F. Supervisor Pushes to Wipe Zuckerberg's Name From City Hospital",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Aaron Peskin wants Mark Zuckerberg's name removed from the city's public hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an impassioned speech at the Board of Supervisors meeting on Tuesday, Peskin railed against the Facebook founder over allegations that the company mishandled user data. Keeping Zuckerberg's name on the building, he argued, sends the wrong message, regardless of how much money he has contributed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really want the city to reassess the value of giving up these naming rights and the message this sends relative to our role as stewards of the public trust,” Peskin told what appeared to be a generally receptive board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg has\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Business/facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-sheryl-sandberg-fire-mishandling/story?id=59220948\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> been under fire\u003c/a> over his company's failure to combat fake news and Russian political meddling, particularly as it played out in the 2016 election. He has also been sharply criticized for Facebook's mishandling of user privacy data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco City Attorney's Office said it received Peskin's request to examine the issue, but has yet to take any position on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formerly named San Francisco General Hospital, the facility \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Zuckerberg-wife-give-75-million-to-S-F-hospital-6065958.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">changed its name\u003c/a> in 2015 to the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center after Zuckerberg and his wife, pediatrician Priscilla Chan, made a $75 million donation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospital CEO Dr. Susan Ehrlich was quick to defend having Zuckerberg's name on the building, noting that the contribution has allowed significant improvements in patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's donation has \"significantly contributed to the fulfillment of [the hospital's] mission by allowing us to acquire state-of-the-art technology we use every single day to save patient lives, and by providing continuing support of renovations, improvements in patient care and education,\" Ehrlich said in a statement. \"Naming is an important convention in philanthropy that encourages additional donors. ... We are honored that Dr. Chan and Mr. Zuckerberg thought highly enough of our hospital and staff, and the health of San Franciscans, to donate their resources to our mission.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sasha Cuttler, a nurse at the hospital, says it's about time to take Zuckerberg's name off the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that there continues to be almost on a daily basis a clear indication that all they care about is to continue to move fast and break things,\" said Cuttler, who wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/san-francisco-general-hospitals-facebook-naming-problem/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opinion article in the San Francisco Examiner\u003c/a> in 2015, opposing the new name. \"Now people are seeing what can be broken. The price to pay is just too much.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Aaron Peskin wants Mark Zuckerberg's name removed from the city's public hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an impassioned speech at the Board of Supervisors meeting on Tuesday, Peskin railed against the Facebook founder over allegations that the company mishandled user data. Keeping Zuckerberg's name on the building, he argued, sends the wrong message, regardless of how much money he has contributed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really want the city to reassess the value of giving up these naming rights and the message this sends relative to our role as stewards of the public trust,” Peskin told what appeared to be a generally receptive board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg has\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Business/facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-sheryl-sandberg-fire-mishandling/story?id=59220948\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> been under fire\u003c/a> over his company's failure to combat fake news and Russian political meddling, particularly as it played out in the 2016 election. He has also been sharply criticized for Facebook's mishandling of user privacy data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco City Attorney's Office said it received Peskin's request to examine the issue, but has yet to take any position on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Formerly named San Francisco General Hospital, the facility \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Zuckerberg-wife-give-75-million-to-S-F-hospital-6065958.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">changed its name\u003c/a> in 2015 to the Priscilla Chan and Mark Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center after Zuckerberg and his wife, pediatrician Priscilla Chan, made a $75 million donation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospital CEO Dr. Susan Ehrlich was quick to defend having Zuckerberg's name on the building, noting that the contribution has allowed significant improvements in patient care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple's donation has \"significantly contributed to the fulfillment of [the hospital's] mission by allowing us to acquire state-of-the-art technology we use every single day to save patient lives, and by providing continuing support of renovations, improvements in patient care and education,\" Ehrlich said in a statement. \"Naming is an important convention in philanthropy that encourages additional donors. ... We are honored that Dr. Chan and Mr. Zuckerberg thought highly enough of our hospital and staff, and the health of San Franciscans, to donate their resources to our mission.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sasha Cuttler, a nurse at the hospital, says it's about time to take Zuckerberg's name off the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that there continues to be almost on a daily basis a clear indication that all they care about is to continue to move fast and break things,\" said Cuttler, who wrote an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/san-francisco-general-hospitals-facebook-naming-problem/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opinion article in the San Francisco Examiner\u003c/a> in 2015, opposing the new name. \"Now people are seeing what can be broken. The price to pay is just too much.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There’s one thing 32-year-old Jodie Collins always keeps in the trunk of her car: a blanket. That’s because sometimes, in the middle of her marathon workdays, she needs to take a little nap so she can keep on going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, Collins has commuted nearly two hours each way from Sacramento to San Francisco on weekends to work as a mobile stylist. She gets gigs doing hair and makeup for clients through apps like Glamsquad and StyleBee. Between appointments, she drives for Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I work 18-hour days sometimes on Saturdays to make the long drive into the city worth it,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This cobbling together of gig work to make a living is a reality for a growing number of people like Collins. They're super commuters, traveling more than 90 minutes for work each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps. At the end of the day, the pressure all falls on you.'\u003ccite>Jodie Collins\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is an especially popular place to find these types of jobs because people who can afford to live in the city are more likely to use on-demand services. The irony is that those who perform these services often cannot afford to live in the city, so they commute from more affordable places, like Modesto, Stockton and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The 18-Hour Workday\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On a typical Saturday, Collins wakes up at 4:45 a.m. She arrives in San Francisco by 8 a.m. for her first gig. The day I met with her, she was doing hair for a wedding party. Collins says she typically packs in as many clients as she can to make the trip worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around 6 p.m. she stops styling hair and starts driving people around the city until midnight. Sometimes, she admits, the pay isn’t worth it. People have thrown up in her car, and sometimes she worries about her safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The drunker people get, the more issues you run into,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Collins finishes driving for Lyft, she either crashes in the city for the night or heads back to Sacramento. She often gets into bed around 2:30 a.m., nearly 24 hours after she first woke up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the life she envisioned for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got really, really, really big dreams,” says Collins. “As an entrepreneur, I have big dreams for a business called Jodie’s Little Gems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the time she was a teenager, Collins dreamt of being a stylist. But with $20,000 in cosmetology debt looming over her head, Collins is just trying to stay afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps,” she says. “At the end of the day the pressure all falls on you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins has gotten speeding and carpool lane violation tickets, and once her car was stolen while she was doing hair for a bridal party. What’s more, some of the apps charge her if she misses an appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People like me really do need a little stability and help. Health care is expensive. Taxes are expensive,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full-time job offers a stable income and insurance, but it won’t give her the flexibility she needs to take care of one of the most important people in her life, her older brother, Jeffrey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s had over 28 brain surgeries,” Collins says. “Nine hip and femur surgeries. His cerebral palsy was so bad at some point it was just curling his legs and making them go [cross-legged].”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jeffrey\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey, who is now 40 years old, was not supposed to survive birth. When Collins' mom was pregnant with him, she developed listeriosis, an intense bacterial infection that can cause birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708741\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour-days so that she can be there to take care of her brother Jeffrey during the week. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour days so that she can be there to take care of her brother, Jeffrey, during the week. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Jeffrey has been in and out of the ICU, which means for Collins, holding down a full-time job is nearly impossible. She says she’s lost many jobs because she had to abruptly leave work to help her brother or her mom, who recently had a double mastectomy. Her father is also struggling. He recently had quadruple bypass surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt a very strong obligation to him,\" says Collins, about her brother. \"It was always like he’s going to die. They prepare us for death. It made me so strong. I am not scared of much these days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey spends his life in a daybed. Collins helps change his diapers and move him to refresh the bedding. Jeffrey can’t say much, but he loves music. He has a radio on the table in front of him. He turns the dial in search of the songs he likes. When he finds one, he dances with his hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins sometimes wonders where her career would be if she didn’t have so much responsibility at home. She thinks she might have been a little farther along, or at least not in so much debt — in a place where she didn’t have to rely on gigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I would have been better off in a certain sense,” Collins says. “But then again not, because I wouldn’t be the actual person with the morals and values and goals and work ethic I have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Collins does wish is that she didn’t have to choose between being there for her brother and having a full-time job. As long as that’s the case, she’ll keep being an on-demand super commuter, heading to the Bay Area every weekend to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s one thing 32-year-old Jodie Collins always keeps in the trunk of her car: a blanket. That’s because sometimes, in the middle of her marathon workdays, she needs to take a little nap so she can keep on going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, Collins has commuted nearly two hours each way from Sacramento to San Francisco on weekends to work as a mobile stylist. She gets gigs doing hair and makeup for clients through apps like Glamsquad and StyleBee. Between appointments, she drives for Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I work 18-hour days sometimes on Saturdays to make the long drive into the city worth it,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This cobbling together of gig work to make a living is a reality for a growing number of people like Collins. They're super commuters, traveling more than 90 minutes for work each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps. At the end of the day, the pressure all falls on you.'\u003ccite>Jodie Collins\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is an especially popular place to find these types of jobs because people who can afford to live in the city are more likely to use on-demand services. The irony is that those who perform these services often cannot afford to live in the city, so they commute from more affordable places, like Modesto, Stockton and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The 18-Hour Workday\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On a typical Saturday, Collins wakes up at 4:45 a.m. She arrives in San Francisco by 8 a.m. for her first gig. The day I met with her, she was doing hair for a wedding party. Collins says she typically packs in as many clients as she can to make the trip worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around 6 p.m. she stops styling hair and starts driving people around the city until midnight. Sometimes, she admits, the pay isn’t worth it. People have thrown up in her car, and sometimes she worries about her safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The drunker people get, the more issues you run into,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Collins finishes driving for Lyft, she either crashes in the city for the night or heads back to Sacramento. She often gets into bed around 2:30 a.m., nearly 24 hours after she first woke up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the life she envisioned for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got really, really, really big dreams,” says Collins. “As an entrepreneur, I have big dreams for a business called Jodie’s Little Gems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the time she was a teenager, Collins dreamt of being a stylist. But with $20,000 in cosmetology debt looming over her head, Collins is just trying to stay afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps,” she says. “At the end of the day the pressure all falls on you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins has gotten speeding and carpool lane violation tickets, and once her car was stolen while she was doing hair for a bridal party. What’s more, some of the apps charge her if she misses an appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People like me really do need a little stability and help. Health care is expensive. Taxes are expensive,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full-time job offers a stable income and insurance, but it won’t give her the flexibility she needs to take care of one of the most important people in her life, her older brother, Jeffrey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s had over 28 brain surgeries,” Collins says. “Nine hip and femur surgeries. His cerebral palsy was so bad at some point it was just curling his legs and making them go [cross-legged].”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jeffrey\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey, who is now 40 years old, was not supposed to survive birth. When Collins' mom was pregnant with him, she developed listeriosis, an intense bacterial infection that can cause birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708741\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour-days so that she can be there to take care of her brother Jeffrey during the week. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour days so that she can be there to take care of her brother, Jeffrey, during the week. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Jeffrey has been in and out of the ICU, which means for Collins, holding down a full-time job is nearly impossible. She says she’s lost many jobs because she had to abruptly leave work to help her brother or her mom, who recently had a double mastectomy. Her father is also struggling. He recently had quadruple bypass surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt a very strong obligation to him,\" says Collins, about her brother. \"It was always like he’s going to die. They prepare us for death. It made me so strong. I am not scared of much these days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey spends his life in a daybed. Collins helps change his diapers and move him to refresh the bedding. Jeffrey can’t say much, but he loves music. He has a radio on the table in front of him. He turns the dial in search of the songs he likes. When he finds one, he dances with his hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins sometimes wonders where her career would be if she didn’t have so much responsibility at home. She thinks she might have been a little farther along, or at least not in so much debt — in a place where she didn’t have to rely on gigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I would have been better off in a certain sense,” Collins says. “But then again not, because I wouldn’t be the actual person with the morals and values and goals and work ethic I have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Collins does wish is that she didn’t have to choose between being there for her brother and having a full-time job. As long as that’s the case, she’ll keep being an on-demand super commuter, heading to the Bay Area every weekend to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'We're Taking a Stand': Google Workers Protest Plans for Censored Search in China",
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"content": "\u003cp>Several Google employees have gone public with their opposition to the tech giant's plans for building a search engine tailored to China's censorship demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, code-named Dragonfly, would block certain websites and search terms determined by the Chinese government — a move that, according to a growing number of workers at Google, is tantamount to enabling \"state surveillance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are among thousands of employees who have raised our voices for months. International human rights organizations and investigative reporters have also sounded the alarm, emphasizing serious human rights concerns and repeatedly calling on Google to cancel the project,\" said the letter's signatories, whose group initially numbered nine employees but has ballooned since \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@googlersagainstdragonfly/we-are-google-employees-google-must-drop-dragonfly-4c8a30c5e5eb\">its publication on Medium\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far,\" they added, \"our leadership's response has been unsatisfactory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a draft shared with NPR before its publication, the employees at first claimed that the company's leadership had offered \"no satisfactory answers\" at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by NPR on Tuesday, Google declined to comment on the letter, pointing instead to a previous statement about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been investing for many years to help Chinese users, from developing Android, through mobile apps such as Google Translate and Files Go, and our developer tools,\" a spokesperson said. \"But our work on search has been exploratory, and we are not close to launching a search product in China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the program first surfaced on the website The Intercept, which \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">reported in August \u003c/a>that the customized search engine would \"blacklist websites and search terms about human rights, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Jasmine Garsd explained, those terms would likely include such words as \"repression,\" \"Nobel Prize\" and \"Tiananmen Square,\" the Beijing landmark where Chinese authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/06/03/318454674/june-4-the-day-that-defines-and-still-haunts-china\">brutally subdued\u003c/a> mass protests nearly three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And this is really important,\" she \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671139845/google-workers-amnesty-international-protest-censored-search-engine-in-china\">told NPR's Morning Edition\u003c/a>: \"The search platform would also reportedly make Chinese users' search records accessible to the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/671123903/671162218\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other news outlets,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/01/technology/china-google-censored-search-engine.html\"> such as The New York Times\u003c/a>, backed up the Intercept's reporting, noting Google's desire to tap the huge Chinese market — though adding that work on the project does not necessarily mean its release is imminent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google once ran a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5172204\">similarly censored version\u003c/a> of its search engine in China, but it officially pulled out of the country in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">friction with Beijing\u003c/a> and significant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The employees are not alone in expressing their dismay at reports of the new project's development. In fact, they released their letter the same day that Amnesty International launched a protest of its own. The human rights organization announced it would be reaching out to Google staff to add their names to \u003ca href=\"https://join.amnesty.org/page/34286/petition/1#\">a petition calling on CEO Sundar Pichai\u003c/a> to kill the project before it can even get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a watershed moment for Google,\" Joe Westby, Amnesty's researcher on technology and human rights, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/google-must-not-capitulate-to-chinas-censorship-demands/\">a statement Tuesday\u003c/a>. \"As the world's number one search engine, it should be fighting for an internet where information is freely accessible to everyone, not backing the Chinese government's dystopian alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also not the first time Google's leadership has gotten pushback from within its own ranks over company policies. The tech giant decided not to renew a contract with the Pentagon after employees \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/google-employees-resign-in-protest-against-pentagon-con-1825729300\">revolted over a controversial project\u003c/a> involving artificial intelligence for drone footage analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of us accepted employment at Google with the company's values in mind, including its \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.googleblog.com/2010/03/new-approach-to-china-update.html\">previous position\u003c/a> on Chinese censorship and surveillance, and an understanding that Google was a company willing to place its values above its profits,\" the employees said in their letter Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After a year of disappointments including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html\">Project Maven\u003c/a>, Dragonfly, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/technology/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html\">Google's support for abusers\u003c/a>, we no longer believe this is the case,\" they wrote. \"This is why we're taking a stand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27We%27re+Taking+A+Stand%27%3A+Google+Workers+Protest+Plans+For+Censored+Search+In+China&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several Google employees have gone public with their opposition to the tech giant's plans for building a search engine tailored to China's censorship demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, code-named Dragonfly, would block certain websites and search terms determined by the Chinese government — a move that, according to a growing number of workers at Google, is tantamount to enabling \"state surveillance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are among thousands of employees who have raised our voices for months. International human rights organizations and investigative reporters have also sounded the alarm, emphasizing serious human rights concerns and repeatedly calling on Google to cancel the project,\" said the letter's signatories, whose group initially numbered nine employees but has ballooned since \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@googlersagainstdragonfly/we-are-google-employees-google-must-drop-dragonfly-4c8a30c5e5eb\">its publication on Medium\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far,\" they added, \"our leadership's response has been unsatisfactory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a draft shared with NPR before its publication, the employees at first claimed that the company's leadership had offered \"no satisfactory answers\" at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by NPR on Tuesday, Google declined to comment on the letter, pointing instead to a previous statement about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been investing for many years to help Chinese users, from developing Android, through mobile apps such as Google Translate and Files Go, and our developer tools,\" a spokesperson said. \"But our work on search has been exploratory, and we are not close to launching a search product in China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the program first surfaced on the website The Intercept, which \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">reported in August \u003c/a>that the customized search engine would \"blacklist websites and search terms about human rights, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Jasmine Garsd explained, those terms would likely include such words as \"repression,\" \"Nobel Prize\" and \"Tiananmen Square,\" the Beijing landmark where Chinese authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/06/03/318454674/june-4-the-day-that-defines-and-still-haunts-china\">brutally subdued\u003c/a> mass protests nearly three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And this is really important,\" she \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671139845/google-workers-amnesty-international-protest-censored-search-engine-in-china\">told NPR's Morning Edition\u003c/a>: \"The search platform would also reportedly make Chinese users' search records accessible to the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/671123903/671162218\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other news outlets,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/01/technology/china-google-censored-search-engine.html\"> such as The New York Times\u003c/a>, backed up the Intercept's reporting, noting Google's desire to tap the huge Chinese market — though adding that work on the project does not necessarily mean its release is imminent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google once ran a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5172204\">similarly censored version\u003c/a> of its search engine in China, but it officially pulled out of the country in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">friction with Beijing\u003c/a> and significant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The employees are not alone in expressing their dismay at reports of the new project's development. In fact, they released their letter the same day that Amnesty International launched a protest of its own. The human rights organization announced it would be reaching out to Google staff to add their names to \u003ca href=\"https://join.amnesty.org/page/34286/petition/1#\">a petition calling on CEO Sundar Pichai\u003c/a> to kill the project before it can even get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a watershed moment for Google,\" Joe Westby, Amnesty's researcher on technology and human rights, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/google-must-not-capitulate-to-chinas-censorship-demands/\">a statement Tuesday\u003c/a>. \"As the world's number one search engine, it should be fighting for an internet where information is freely accessible to everyone, not backing the Chinese government's dystopian alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also not the first time Google's leadership has gotten pushback from within its own ranks over company policies. The tech giant decided not to renew a contract with the Pentagon after employees \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/google-employees-resign-in-protest-against-pentagon-con-1825729300\">revolted over a controversial project\u003c/a> involving artificial intelligence for drone footage analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of us accepted employment at Google with the company's values in mind, including its \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.googleblog.com/2010/03/new-approach-to-china-update.html\">previous position\u003c/a> on Chinese censorship and surveillance, and an understanding that Google was a company willing to place its values above its profits,\" the employees said in their letter Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After a year of disappointments including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html\">Project Maven\u003c/a>, Dragonfly, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/technology/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html\">Google's support for abusers\u003c/a>, we no longer believe this is the case,\" they wrote. \"This is why we're taking a stand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27We%27re+Taking+A+Stand%27%3A+Google+Workers+Protest+Plans+For+Censored+Search+In+China&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"title": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Cold Case Murder in Santa Clara Solved with DNA Database",
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"content": "\u003cp>Northern California authorities said Wednesday that they have cracked a 45-year-old murder case using the same publicly available DNA database that led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/441049/investigator-says-free-dna-matching-site-used-to-catch-golden-state-killer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the arrest of alleged Golden State Killer Joseph DeAngelo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers arrested John Arthur Getreu, 74, on suspicion of killing a 21-year-old Palo Alto woman in 1973, said Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office spokesman Richard Glennon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators were led to Getreu after recently submitting DNA evidence to the Virginia-based DNA technology company Parabon NanoLab, which uses the public genealogical database GEDmatch to generate a number of family trees connected to the sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two scientists launched the database in 2010 to help amateur and professional genealogical researchers. The database doesn't collect DNA samples directly; instead it aggregates results from commercial sites like 23andMe submitted by users. Researchers upload their DNA samples to GEDmatch in search of matches, which usually come in the form of several family trees rather than one individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of investigators across the country are turning to the GED database for help after the FBI's national DNA database fails to find a match. DeAngelo was the first suspect arrested using the company's database in September. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11664637/suspected-golden-state-killer-a-former-police-officer-arrested-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DeAngelo has been charged with raping and killing 13 women decades ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested Getreu on Tuesday at his Hayward, California, home. He is suspected of killing Leslie Marie Perlov in February 1973.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perlov's body was found under an oak tree near Stanford University, and her pantyhose were stuffed in her mouth. She had been strangled and the case went unsolved for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators taking another look at the case in July found an unknown man's DNA among the evidence. They sent the DNA sample and returned with several possible families to investigate, which ultimately led them to Getreu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is being held in the Santa Clara County jail with no bail. Jail records don't indicate if he's represented by an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Northern California authorities said Wednesday that they have cracked a 45-year-old murder case using the same publicly available DNA database that led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/441049/investigator-says-free-dna-matching-site-used-to-catch-golden-state-killer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the arrest of alleged Golden State Killer Joseph DeAngelo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers arrested John Arthur Getreu, 74, on suspicion of killing a 21-year-old Palo Alto woman in 1973, said Santa Clara County Sheriff's Office spokesman Richard Glennon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators were led to Getreu after recently submitting DNA evidence to the Virginia-based DNA technology company Parabon NanoLab, which uses the public genealogical database GEDmatch to generate a number of family trees connected to the sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two scientists launched the database in 2010 to help amateur and professional genealogical researchers. The database doesn't collect DNA samples directly; instead it aggregates results from commercial sites like 23andMe submitted by users. Researchers upload their DNA samples to GEDmatch in search of matches, which usually come in the form of several family trees rather than one individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of investigators across the country are turning to the GED database for help after the FBI's national DNA database fails to find a match. DeAngelo was the first suspect arrested using the company's database in September. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11664637/suspected-golden-state-killer-a-former-police-officer-arrested-in-sacramento\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DeAngelo has been charged with raping and killing 13 women decades ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested Getreu on Tuesday at his Hayward, California, home. He is suspected of killing Leslie Marie Perlov in February 1973.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perlov's body was found under an oak tree near Stanford University, and her pantyhose were stuffed in her mouth. She had been strangled and the case went unsolved for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators taking another look at the case in July found an unknown man's DNA among the evidence. They sent the DNA sample and returned with several possible families to investigate, which ultimately led them to Getreu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is being held in the Santa Clara County jail with no bail. Jail records don't indicate if he's represented by an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrants start and/or lead\u003c/a> many of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley: Google, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. But with immigration reform in Congress stuck in neutral, a growing number of would-be entrepreneurs are choosing to pursue their Silicon Valley dreams someplace else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navish Jain’s aha! moment came after eight years of working at Cisco as an engineer. He’d read \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/01/11/think-twice-before-answering-that-ad-101-killers-have-found-victims-on-craigslist/?utm_term=.10ec2e2cea5e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news headlines\u003c/a> about criminals finding their prey on Craigslist, and it struck him just how much he trusted Cisco’s in-house digital message boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, he thought, there was a housing platform that verified that every user was either a college student or gainfully employed? “Those people are more trustworthy and credible as compared to complete strangers,” Jain thought, first to himself, and then out loud. He dubbed the new company \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirtru.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cirtru\u003c/a>, inspired by the phrase “circles of trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jain faced a dilemma. He couldn’t work on Cirtru while working at Cisco, and because of his visa, he couldn’t stay in the U.S. \u003ci>without\u003c/i> working at Cisco. He was on a temporary, employment-contingent H-1B visa. A green card would have solved that but he’s Indian, and the backlog of Indian applicants stretches to 10, even 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I waited for my green card for seven, eight years. I wanted to launch my startup here, create jobs, solve this problem here. But since my green card did not come, I was forced back to move to India,” Jain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained all this on a recent morning in Sunnyvale, a city he used to live in, while waiting to deliver a pitch for his company at the startup accelerator \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png\" alt=\"One of the slides from Jain's pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1020x590.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1200x694.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1920x1110.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the slides from Jain’s pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it like speed dating in Silicon Valley. Roughly half the people in the room for that particular “Friday Pitch Day” were there to pitch their startups; roughly half were looking for startups to invest in. Each entrepreneur had five minutes on stage with his pitch deck to sell his idea, his team and his desired level of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People came from all over the world: Azerbaijan, Greece, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan. Even the local teams were packed with members whose accents betrayed that they didn’t start life in Northern California. There was a palpable atmosphere of excitement and ambition in the Plug and Play auditorium. For so many people in business around the world, Silicon Valley is where it’s at, the promised land, the global nexus of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, other countries are keen to mimic the magic of the San Francisco Bay Area, and Jain’s home country of India is no exception. Investors from around the world are pumping money into Indian startups. Jain is competing for those investors, too, but he said Cirtru is primarily designed for American users. After moving his family back to Mumbai, Jain now flies to the Bay Area periodically on temporary business visas for events like “Friday Pitch Day” at Plug and Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backlog that Indians face for green cards didn’t start with the Trump administration, but it’s inexorably linked to the collateral damage produced as federal immigration officials pursue the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Buy American, Hire American\u003c/em>\u003c/a> executive order. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707173\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='President Trump has said of H-1B visas, \"They should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On signing the order, President Trump said of H-1B visas, “They should be given to the most skilled and highest-paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.” Theoretically, employers pay H-1B visa holders prevailing market wages and hire them only if they can’t find qualified American workers. But there have been news headlines — and lawsuits — claiming some companies are flouting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wadhwa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vivek Wadhwa\u003c/a> is a distinguished fellow at Harvard and Carnegie Mellon University of Silicon Valley who writes about technology. “The anti-immigrants rightfully criticize H-1B workers because they have no choice but to keep working for the same employer for 10, 15 even 20 years while they wait for green cards. And when they’re in this limbo, they can’t change jobs, they don’t get the same salary increases, they’re stuck doing the same jobs they did a decade ago,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Miano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Miano\u003c/a> is a former tech worker who became an attorney in order to sue over the H-1B program. “Congress cannot even decide what H-1B even is. The original H category was strictly guest workers. The H-1B of today has been transformed into a holding pattern for immigration.” Miano argues the law itself is designed to profit employers who want to ditch American workers. “That is not abuse; that is what H-1B is intended to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/staff/leslie-dellon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leslie Dellon\u003c/a>, staff attorney for the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, disagrees. “It’s not the H-1B classification that creates a problem. If employers are complying with the requirement of paying the higher of the prevailing wage or the actual wage, then you’re not going to have a ‘lower-paid’ H-1B in the position. And, I believe the current law and regulations provide the agencies with ample tools to take action against those who don’t comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Trump administration’s clampdown has effectively killed an entrepreneur’s visa that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services estimates nearly 3,000 would apply for annually if it were a real thing. The Department of Homeland Security has delayed implementation of the Obama-era program twice and promised it plans to kill the rule entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody like Jain has the financial freedom to leave Silicon Valley and still pursue his startup. But Wadhwa warns that a growing number of other countries are eating Silicon Valley’s lunch, starting by snapping up entrepreneurs who feel they’re getting the cold shoulder from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"What's next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What’s next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now, the chances of them succeeding in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are greater than here, because the cost of developing startups has dropped dramatically. And you have pockets of intelligence everywhere now. You have startups everywhere now,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States may be becoming more xenophobic,” he added, “but that’s to our loss, our detriment.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrants start and/or lead\u003c/a> many of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley: Google, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. But with immigration reform in Congress stuck in neutral, a growing number of would-be entrepreneurs are choosing to pursue their Silicon Valley dreams someplace else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navish Jain’s aha! moment came after eight years of working at Cisco as an engineer. He’d read \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/01/11/think-twice-before-answering-that-ad-101-killers-have-found-victims-on-craigslist/?utm_term=.10ec2e2cea5e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news headlines\u003c/a> about criminals finding their prey on Craigslist, and it struck him just how much he trusted Cisco’s in-house digital message boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, he thought, there was a housing platform that verified that every user was either a college student or gainfully employed? “Those people are more trustworthy and credible as compared to complete strangers,” Jain thought, first to himself, and then out loud. He dubbed the new company \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirtru.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cirtru\u003c/a>, inspired by the phrase “circles of trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jain faced a dilemma. He couldn’t work on Cirtru while working at Cisco, and because of his visa, he couldn’t stay in the U.S. \u003ci>without\u003c/i> working at Cisco. He was on a temporary, employment-contingent H-1B visa. A green card would have solved that but he’s Indian, and the backlog of Indian applicants stretches to 10, even 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I waited for my green card for seven, eight years. I wanted to launch my startup here, create jobs, solve this problem here. But since my green card did not come, I was forced back to move to India,” Jain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained all this on a recent morning in Sunnyvale, a city he used to live in, while waiting to deliver a pitch for his company at the startup accelerator \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png\" alt=\"One of the slides from Jain's pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1020x590.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1200x694.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1920x1110.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the slides from Jain’s pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it like speed dating in Silicon Valley. Roughly half the people in the room for that particular “Friday Pitch Day” were there to pitch their startups; roughly half were looking for startups to invest in. Each entrepreneur had five minutes on stage with his pitch deck to sell his idea, his team and his desired level of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People came from all over the world: Azerbaijan, Greece, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan. Even the local teams were packed with members whose accents betrayed that they didn’t start life in Northern California. There was a palpable atmosphere of excitement and ambition in the Plug and Play auditorium. For so many people in business around the world, Silicon Valley is where it’s at, the promised land, the global nexus of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, other countries are keen to mimic the magic of the San Francisco Bay Area, and Jain’s home country of India is no exception. Investors from around the world are pumping money into Indian startups. Jain is competing for those investors, too, but he said Cirtru is primarily designed for American users. After moving his family back to Mumbai, Jain now flies to the Bay Area periodically on temporary business visas for events like “Friday Pitch Day” at Plug and Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backlog that Indians face for green cards didn’t start with the Trump administration, but it’s inexorably linked to the collateral damage produced as federal immigration officials pursue the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Buy American, Hire American\u003c/em>\u003c/a> executive order. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707173\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='President Trump has said of H-1B visas, \"They should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On signing the order, President Trump said of H-1B visas, “They should be given to the most skilled and highest-paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.” Theoretically, employers pay H-1B visa holders prevailing market wages and hire them only if they can’t find qualified American workers. But there have been news headlines — and lawsuits — claiming some companies are flouting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wadhwa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vivek Wadhwa\u003c/a> is a distinguished fellow at Harvard and Carnegie Mellon University of Silicon Valley who writes about technology. “The anti-immigrants rightfully criticize H-1B workers because they have no choice but to keep working for the same employer for 10, 15 even 20 years while they wait for green cards. And when they’re in this limbo, they can’t change jobs, they don’t get the same salary increases, they’re stuck doing the same jobs they did a decade ago,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Miano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Miano\u003c/a> is a former tech worker who became an attorney in order to sue over the H-1B program. “Congress cannot even decide what H-1B even is. The original H category was strictly guest workers. The H-1B of today has been transformed into a holding pattern for immigration.” Miano argues the law itself is designed to profit employers who want to ditch American workers. “That is not abuse; that is what H-1B is intended to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/staff/leslie-dellon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leslie Dellon\u003c/a>, staff attorney for the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, disagrees. “It’s not the H-1B classification that creates a problem. If employers are complying with the requirement of paying the higher of the prevailing wage or the actual wage, then you’re not going to have a ‘lower-paid’ H-1B in the position. And, I believe the current law and regulations provide the agencies with ample tools to take action against those who don’t comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Trump administration’s clampdown has effectively killed an entrepreneur’s visa that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services estimates nearly 3,000 would apply for annually if it were a real thing. The Department of Homeland Security has delayed implementation of the Obama-era program twice and promised it plans to kill the rule entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody like Jain has the financial freedom to leave Silicon Valley and still pursue his startup. But Wadhwa warns that a growing number of other countries are eating Silicon Valley’s lunch, starting by snapping up entrepreneurs who feel they’re getting the cold shoulder from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"What's next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What’s next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now, the chances of them succeeding in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are greater than here, because the cost of developing startups has dropped dramatically. And you have pockets of intelligence everywhere now. You have startups everywhere now,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States may be becoming more xenophobic,” he added, “but that’s to our loss, our detriment.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A small number of people — spouses of H1B visa holders — were given the right to work under a special type of visa created under President Obama in 2015. Now President Trump wants to eliminate those spousal visas. How doing so threatens Silicon Valley’s competitive edge, Bay Area diversity, and immigrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guest: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/rachaelmyrow\">Rachael Myrow\u003c/a>, KQED Silicon Valley reporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>One hundred years ago today, World War I ended. It was a global war, with profound impacts even for those who didn’t participate. But here in California, where we did play a part, the history has faded and there aren’t many people left who experienced what happened here during the Great War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It likely comes as a complete surprise for most Bay Area locals to learn Northern California’s U.S. Army training camp was based in what we now know as Menlo Park. It certainly did to this Menlo Park resident, even though I live three blocks away from a park established to memorialize what was called “Camp Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s curious,” I thought. “Why is this park here named after the 19th century California explorer \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fremont-appointed-governor-of-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John C. Fremont\u003c/a>?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gets in the news every once in a while,” said Jym Clendenin of the \u003ca href=\"http://inmenlo.com/category/menlo-park-historical-association/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Menlo Park Historical Association\u003c/a>, which is hosting an \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/652899825161427/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Armistice Celebration\u003c/a> Sunday morning in the park. “Somebody’ll be digging in the backyard and find some crazy thing that relates to the camp. In fact, over on Stanford grounds, they found an unexploded artillery piece not too long ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705664\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11705664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-800x555.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-1200x833.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camp Fremont troops engage in mobile artillery practice, near what is now The Dish. The guns are aimed toward Foothills Park and Portola Valley, where 75mm shells were unearthed as recently as November 2010. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Portola Valley Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Rolling Hills Like Those in France\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Let’s dial the clock back to April of 1917, when the U.S. joined World War I nearly three years after hostilities officially began. At the time, only 2,300 or so people lived in this unincorporated area. The community consisted of a couple hotels, a few bars and other businesses, largely clustered around a Southern Pacific train station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University, then as now, was the primary landowner in the area. When the federal government starting casting about for 32 training camp locations nationwide, the campus put itself forward for duty, and also rent money. Camp Fremont leased 68,000 acres – including 7,000 acres at Stanford – between San Carlos to the north and Los Altos to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located conveniently near San Francisco, the rolling hills of the Peninsula seemed an excellent choice for artillery practice. Military officials thought the geography was not too different from what the soldiers might encounter in France. The camp was named after John Fremont, (so I wasn’t that far off), and construction began in earnest in the fall of 1917. Numerous Stanford students and faculty enlisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By January of 1918, more than 28,000 men of the Eighth Division were installed on this sprawling base that also included parts of what now know as Portola Valley. Nick Skrabo, a young boy during World War I, wrote of his memories of that time, vignettes later donated to the town archives:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>We had seen great columns of soldiers tramp past our school, four abreast and stretching from Harry Hallett’s [846 Portola Road] to W. Jelich’s place. There were many horses and mules pulling artillery. They went to the Skyline Road to practice. From there they fired artillery shells to the near top of the Tea Garden Ranch [near Los Trancos Woods] 4 or 5 miles away. Sometimes they had the band with them. As they approached the school, the teacher would dismiss us for a few minutes while they played some army songs.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705665\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11705665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-800x686.jpg\" alt=\"The Menlo Park Historical Association recently installed signage in Fremont Park to explain the history. This map details how the nucleus of the camp was laid out.\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-800x686.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-160x137.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-1020x874.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-1200x1029.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Menlo Park Historical Association recently installed signage in Fremont Park to explain the history. This map details how the nucleus of the camp was laid out. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The preeminent history of this period, by all accounts, belongs to local historian Barbara Wilcox. In her book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/World-War-Army-Training-Francisco/dp/1467118915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“World War I Army Training by San Francisco Bay: The Story of Camp Fremont,”\u003c/a> Wilcox writes community elders were worried about the possibility of thousands of “lusty” young men corrupting local young ladies: “Many Stanford women resented the university’s harsh — and, as it turned out, futile — new rules, imposed to keep them away from the soldiers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most soldiers, that kind of “action” would have been the extent of their wartime engagement. Given how late the U.S. entered the war — and how far away California was from the front lines in Europe — most of the men trained here never saw combat. The real killer in Menlo Park was the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwi/1918flu/ARSG1919/ARSG1919Extractsflu.htm#K1.%20CAMP%20FREMONT%20DIVISION%20SURGEON%E2%80%99S%20REPORT.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">influenza epidemic\u003c/a> of 1918, the so-called “Spanish flu,” that hit the San Francisco Bay Area in late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of six weeks, 2,418 patients suffering from respiratory diseases were admitted to the base hospital. Hundreds more with relatively mild cases were cared for in camp infirmaries. Of the 408 related cases of pneumonia reported, 147 soldiers died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut.jpg\" alt='From \"The Illustration of The Siberian War.\" This image is titled, \"No. 16. The Japanese Army Occupied Vragaeschensk.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11705667\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-1200x851.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-960x681.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From “The Illustration of The Siberian War.” This image is titled, “No. 16. The Japanese Army Occupied Vragaeschensk.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Wikipedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Siberian Sojourn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Fremont did send soldiers abroad to Russia. Roughly 5,000 soldiers were posted in Siberia, following the Bolshevik Revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the original reasons to send U.S. troops was to open another front for the Germans, but the troops arrived and stayed well past the end of World War I,” said Andrew Postovoit, who wrote his master’s thesis at Stanford about the American soldiers’ experience in Russia from 1918-1920.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The official reason President Woodrow Wilson gave to the troops was to maintain stability by protecting the local railroad,” Postovoit said. Given the “Red Scare” at the time, soldiers would have likely also presumed they were there to bolster the armies of the White movement against the Bolshevik Red Army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Postovoit gives a hat tip to philatelist named \u003ca href=\"https://edithfaulstich.wordpress.com/page/3/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edith Faulstich\u003c/a>, who took an interest in this chapter of history and wrote a book, now out of print, called “The Siberian Sojourn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In truth, the U.S. was more concerned about its ostensible ally Japan than it was about Moscow. Initially, the Imperial Japanese Army planned to send more than 70,000 troops to occupy Siberia, a plan scaled back because of opposition from the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This helps to explain why soldiers were not relieved of their Siberian duties until 1920, long after World War I ended in late 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11705668\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Little remains besides this pocket park in downtown Menlo Park to remind locals of Camp Fremont, where more than 28,000 U.S. Army soldiers were trained during WWI.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Little remains besides this pocket park in downtown Menlo Park to remind locals of Camp Fremont, where more than 28,000 U.S. Army soldiers were trained during WWI. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As for Camp Fremont, the buildings were packed up or auctioned off, and by April 1920, only a handful of landmarks remained to remind locals of what happened here during those war years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Wilcox wrote in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwar1.com/tripwire/pdf/campfremont.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essay for the Stanford Historical Society\u003c/a>, “In many ways, Camp Fremont brought the larger world, in all its complexity, to Stanford’s doorstep and augured the university’s growing role in national and global affairs.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One hundred years ago today, World War I ended. It was a global war, with profound impacts even for those who didn’t participate. But here in California, where we did play a part, the history has faded and there aren’t many people left who experienced what happened here during the Great War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It likely comes as a complete surprise for most Bay Area locals to learn Northern California’s U.S. Army training camp was based in what we now know as Menlo Park. It certainly did to this Menlo Park resident, even though I live three blocks away from a park established to memorialize what was called “Camp Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s curious,” I thought. “Why is this park here named after the 19th century California explorer \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fremont-appointed-governor-of-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John C. Fremont\u003c/a>?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gets in the news every once in a while,” said Jym Clendenin of the \u003ca href=\"http://inmenlo.com/category/menlo-park-historical-association/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Menlo Park Historical Association\u003c/a>, which is hosting an \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/652899825161427/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Armistice Celebration\u003c/a> Sunday morning in the park. “Somebody’ll be digging in the backyard and find some crazy thing that relates to the camp. In fact, over on Stanford grounds, they found an unexploded artillery piece not too long ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705664\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11705664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-800x555.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-1020x708.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33835_MISC-011p_TIF_MSTR-qut-1200x833.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Camp Fremont troops engage in mobile artillery practice, near what is now The Dish. The guns are aimed toward Foothills Park and Portola Valley, where 75mm shells were unearthed as recently as November 2010. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Portola Valley Historical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Rolling Hills Like Those in France\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Let’s dial the clock back to April of 1917, when the U.S. joined World War I nearly three years after hostilities officially began. At the time, only 2,300 or so people lived in this unincorporated area. The community consisted of a couple hotels, a few bars and other businesses, largely clustered around a Southern Pacific train station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University, then as now, was the primary landowner in the area. When the federal government starting casting about for 32 training camp locations nationwide, the campus put itself forward for duty, and also rent money. Camp Fremont leased 68,000 acres – including 7,000 acres at Stanford – between San Carlos to the north and Los Altos to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located conveniently near San Francisco, the rolling hills of the Peninsula seemed an excellent choice for artillery practice. Military officials thought the geography was not too different from what the soldiers might encounter in France. The camp was named after John Fremont, (so I wasn’t that far off), and construction began in earnest in the fall of 1917. Numerous Stanford students and faculty enlisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By January of 1918, more than 28,000 men of the Eighth Division were installed on this sprawling base that also included parts of what now know as Portola Valley. Nick Skrabo, a young boy during World War I, wrote of his memories of that time, vignettes later donated to the town archives:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>We had seen great columns of soldiers tramp past our school, four abreast and stretching from Harry Hallett’s [846 Portola Road] to W. Jelich’s place. There were many horses and mules pulling artillery. They went to the Skyline Road to practice. From there they fired artillery shells to the near top of the Tea Garden Ranch [near Los Trancos Woods] 4 or 5 miles away. Sometimes they had the band with them. As they approached the school, the teacher would dismiss us for a few minutes while they played some army songs.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705665\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11705665\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-800x686.jpg\" alt=\"The Menlo Park Historical Association recently installed signage in Fremont Park to explain the history. This map details how the nucleus of the camp was laid out.\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-800x686.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-160x137.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-1020x874.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut-1200x1029.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33834_Photo-Nov-10-2-24-45-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Menlo Park Historical Association recently installed signage in Fremont Park to explain the history. This map details how the nucleus of the camp was laid out. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The preeminent history of this period, by all accounts, belongs to local historian Barbara Wilcox. In her book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/World-War-Army-Training-Francisco/dp/1467118915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“World War I Army Training by San Francisco Bay: The Story of Camp Fremont,”\u003c/a> Wilcox writes community elders were worried about the possibility of thousands of “lusty” young men corrupting local young ladies: “Many Stanford women resented the university’s harsh — and, as it turned out, futile — new rules, imposed to keep them away from the soldiers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most soldiers, that kind of “action” would have been the extent of their wartime engagement. Given how late the U.S. entered the war — and how far away California was from the front lines in Europe — most of the men trained here never saw combat. The real killer in Menlo Park was the infamous \u003ca href=\"http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwi/1918flu/ARSG1919/ARSG1919Extractsflu.htm#K1.%20CAMP%20FREMONT%20DIVISION%20SURGEON%E2%80%99S%20REPORT.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">influenza epidemic\u003c/a> of 1918, the so-called “Spanish flu,” that hit the San Francisco Bay Area in late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of six weeks, 2,418 patients suffering from respiratory diseases were admitted to the base hospital. Hundreds more with relatively mild cases were cared for in camp infirmaries. Of the 408 related cases of pneumonia reported, 147 soldiers died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut.jpg\" alt='From \"The Illustration of The Siberian War.\" This image is titled, \"No. 16. The Japanese Army Occupied Vragaeschensk.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11705667\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-1200x851.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-960x681.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33836_1920px-The_Illustration_of_The_Siberian_War_No._16._The_Japanese_Army_Occupied_Vragaeschensk-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From “The Illustration of The Siberian War.” This image is titled, “No. 16. The Japanese Army Occupied Vragaeschensk.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Wikipedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Siberian Sojourn\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Fremont did send soldiers abroad to Russia. Roughly 5,000 soldiers were posted in Siberia, following the Bolshevik Revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the original reasons to send U.S. troops was to open another front for the Germans, but the troops arrived and stayed well past the end of World War I,” said Andrew Postovoit, who wrote his master’s thesis at Stanford about the American soldiers’ experience in Russia from 1918-1920.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The official reason President Woodrow Wilson gave to the troops was to maintain stability by protecting the local railroad,” Postovoit said. Given the “Red Scare” at the time, soldiers would have likely also presumed they were there to bolster the armies of the White movement against the Bolshevik Red Army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Postovoit gives a hat tip to philatelist named \u003ca href=\"https://edithfaulstich.wordpress.com/page/3/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Edith Faulstich\u003c/a>, who took an interest in this chapter of history and wrote a book, now out of print, called “The Siberian Sojourn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In truth, the U.S. was more concerned about its ostensible ally Japan than it was about Moscow. Initially, the Imperial Japanese Army planned to send more than 70,000 troops to occupy Siberia, a plan scaled back because of opposition from the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This helps to explain why soldiers were not relieved of their Siberian duties until 1920, long after World War I ended in late 1918.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705668\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11705668\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Little remains besides this pocket park in downtown Menlo Park to remind locals of Camp Fremont, where more than 28,000 U.S. Army soldiers were trained during WWI.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33833_Photo-Nov-10-2-32-53-PM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Little remains besides this pocket park in downtown Menlo Park to remind locals of Camp Fremont, where more than 28,000 U.S. Army soldiers were trained during WWI. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As for Camp Fremont, the buildings were packed up or auctioned off, and by April 1920, only a handful of landmarks remained to remind locals of what happened here during those war years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Wilcox wrote in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldwar1.com/tripwire/pdf/campfremont.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essay for the Stanford Historical Society\u003c/a>, “In many ways, Camp Fremont brought the larger world, in all its complexity, to Stanford’s doorstep and augured the university’s growing role in national and global affairs.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
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