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"disqusTitle": "San Francisco Bans Police, Municipal Use of Facial Recognition Technology",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated May 14, 2019, 4:55 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco supervisors voted 8 to 1 Tuesday to ban the use of facial recognition software by police and other city departments, becoming the first U.S. city to outlaw a rapidly developing technology that has alarmed privacy and civil liberties advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban is part of broader legislation that requires city departments to establish use policies and obtain board approval for surveillance technology they want to purchase or are using at present. Several other local governments require departments to disclose and seek approval for surveillance technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really about saying: 'We can have security without being a security state. We can have good policing without being a police state.' And part of that is building trust with the community based on good community information, not on Big Brother technology,\" said Supervisor Aaron Peskin, who championed the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban applies to San Francisco police and other municipal departments. It does not affect use of the technology by the federal government at airports and ports, nor does it limit personal or business use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco board did not spend time Tuesday debating the outright ban on facial recognition technology, focusing instead on the possible burdens placed on police, the transit system and other city agencies that need to maintain public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I worry about politicizing these decisions,\" said Supervisor Catherine Stefani, a former prosecutor who was the sole no vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a nonprofit think tank based in Washington, D.C., issued a statement chiding San Francisco for considering the facial recognition ban. It said advanced technology makes it cheaper and faster for police to find suspects and identify missing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics were silly to compare surveillance usage in the United States with China, given that one country has strong constitutional protections and the other does not, said Daniel Castro, the foundation's vice president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In reality, San Francisco is more at risk of becoming Cuba than China_a ban on facial recognition will make it frozen in time with outdated technology,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many San Francisco departments are using surveillance and for what purposes, said Peskin. There are valid reasons for license-plate readers, body cameras, and security cameras, he said, but the public should know how the tools are being used or if they are being abused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's police department stopped testing face ID technology in 2017. A representative at Tuesday's board meeting said the department would need two to four additional employees to comply with the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates have squared off with public safety proponents at several heated hearings in San Francisco, a city teeming with tech innovation and the home of Twitter, Airbnb and Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who support the ban say the technology is flawed and a serious threat to civil liberties, especially in a city that cherishes public protest and privacy. They worry people will one day not be able to go to a mall, the park or a school without being identified and tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say police need all the help they can get, especially in a city with high-profile events and high rates of property crime. That people expect privacy in public space is unreasonable given the proliferation of cellphones and surveillance cameras, said Meredith Serra, a member of a resident public safety group Stop Crime SF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, the ordinance seems to be a costly additional layer of bureaucracy that really does nothing to improve the safety of our citizens,\" she said at a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland is considering similar legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is on track to become the first U.S. city to ban the use of facial recognition by police and other city agencies, reflecting a growing backlash against a technology that's creeping into airports, motor vehicle departments, stores, stadiums and home security cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies around the U.S. have used the technology for more than a decade to scan databases for suspects and prevent identity fraud. But recent advances in artificial intelligence have created more sophisticated computer vision tools, making it easier for police to pinpoint a missing child or protester in a moving crowd or for retailers to analyze a shopper's facial expressions as they peruse store shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to restrict its use are getting pushback from law enforcement groups and the tech industry, though it's far from a united front. Microsoft, while opposed to an outright ban, has urged lawmakers to set limits on the technology, warning that leaving it unchecked could enable an oppressive dystopia reminiscent of George Orwell's novel \"1984.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Face recognition is one of those technologies that people get how creepy it is,\" said Alvaro Bedoya, who directs Georgetown University's Center on Privacy and Technology. \"It's not like cookies on a browser. There's something about this technology that really sets the hairs on the back of people's heads up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Alvaro Bedoya, director of Georgetown University's Center on Privacy and Technology']'Face recognition is one of those technologies that people get how creepy it is. It's not like cookies on a browser. There's something about this technology that really sets the hairs on the back of people's heads up.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without regulations barring law enforcement from accessing driver's license databases, people who have never been arrested could be part of virtual police line-ups without their knowledge, skeptics of the technology say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They worry people will one day not be able to go to a park, store or school without being identified and tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, a handful of big box stores across the U.S. are trying out cameras with facial recognition that can guess their customers' age, gender or mood as they walk by, with the goal of showing them targeted, real-time ads on in-store video screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If San Francisco adopts a ban, other cities, states or even Congress could follow, with lawmakers from both parties looking to curtail government surveillance and others hoping to restrict how businesses analyze the faces, emotions and gaits of an unsuspecting public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Legislature is considering a proposal prohibiting the use of facial ID technology on body cameras. A bipartisan bill in the U.S. Senate would exempt police applications but set limits on businesses analyzing people's faces without their consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation similar to San Francisco's is pending in Oakland, and on Thursday another proposed ban was introduced in Somerville, Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bedoya said a ban in San Francisco, the \"most technologically advanced city in our country,\" would send a warning to other police departments thinking of trying out the imperfect technology. But Daniel Castro, vice president of the industry-backed Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, said the ordinance is too extreme to serve as a model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It might find success in San Francisco, but I will be surprised if it finds success in a lot of other cities,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is home to tech innovators such as Uber, Airbnb and Twitter, but the city's relationship with the industry is testy. Some supervisors in City Hall are calling for a tax on stock-based compensation in response to a wave of San Francisco companies going public, including Lyft and Pinterest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, San Francisco is big on protecting immigrants, civil liberties and privacy. In November, nearly 60% of voters approved a proposition to strengthen data privacy guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's proposed face-recognition ban is part of broader legislation aimed at regulating the use of surveillance by city departments. The legislation applies only to San Francisco government and would not affect companies or people who want to use the technology. It also would not affect the use of facial recognition at San Francisco International Airport, where security is mostly overseen by federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors is scheduled to vote on the bill Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A San Francisco police officer turns on his body camera during training at the Ingleside police station in San Francisco on Sept. 1, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11746673\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A San Francisco police officer turns on his body camera during training at the Ingleside police station in San Francisco on Sept. 1, 2016. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco police say they stopped testing face recognition in 2017. Spokesman David Stevenson said in a statement the department looks forward to \"developing legislation that addresses the privacy concerns of technology while balancing the public safety concerns of our growing, international city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Aaron Peskin acknowledges his legislation, called the \"Stop Secret Surveillance Ordinance,\" isn't very tech-friendly. But public oversight is critical given the potential for abuse, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology often misfires. Studies have shown error rates in facial-analysis systems built by Amazon, IBM and Microsoft were far higher for darker-skinned women than lighter-skinned men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if facial recognition were perfectly accurate, its use would pose a severe threat to civil rights, especially in a city with a rich history of protest and expression, said Matt Cagle, attorney at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If facial recognition were added to body cameras or public-facing surveillance feeds, it would threaten the ability of people to go to a protest or hang out in Dolores Park without having their identity tracked by the city,\" he said, referring to a popular park in San Francisco's Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Matt Cagle, attorney at the ACLU of Northern California']'If facial recognition were added to body cameras or public-facing surveillance feeds, it would threaten the ability of people to go to a protest or hang out in Dolores Park without having their identity tracked by the city.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local critics of San Francisco's legislation, however, worry about hampering police investigations in a city with a high number of vehicle break-ins and several high-profile annual parades. They want to make sure police can keep using merchants and residents' video surveillance in investigations without bureaucratic hassles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Engardio, vice president of grassroots group Stop Crime SF, wants the city to be flexible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our point of view is, rather than a blanket ban forever, why not a moratorium so we're not using problematic technology, but we open the door for when technology improves?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a moratorium is under consideration in the Massachusetts Legislature, where it has the backing of Republican and Democratic senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, a government's facial recognition efforts happen in secret or go unnoticed. In Massachusetts, the motor vehicle registry has used the technology since 2006 to prevent driver's license fraud, and some police agencies have used it as a tool for detectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is technology we use,\" said Massachusetts State Police Lt. Tom Ryan, adding that \"we tend not to get too involved in publicizing\" that fact. Ryan and the agency declined to answer further questions about how it's used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Joel Engardio, vice president of grassroots group Stop Crime SF']'Our point of view is, rather than a blanket ban forever, why not a moratorium so we're not using problematic technology, but we open the door for when technology improves?'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts Sen. Cynthia Creem, a Democrat and sponsor of the moratorium bill, said she worries about a lack of standards protecting the public from inaccurate or biased facial recognition technology. Until better guidelines exist, she said, \"it shouldn't be used\" by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Highway Patrol does not use face recognition technology, spokeswoman Fran Clader said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Motor Vehicles spokesman Marty Greenstein says facial recognition technology \"is specifically not allowed on DMV photos.\" State Justice Department spokeswoman Jennifer Molina said her agency does not use face ID technology, and policy states \"DOJ and requesters shall not maintain DMV images for the purpose of creating a database\" unless authorized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators also sought a face recognition moratorium this year in Washington, the home state of Microsoft and Amazon, but it was gutted following industry and police opposition. Microsoft instead backed a lighter-touch proposal as part of a broader data privacy bill, but deliberations stalled before lawmakers adjourned late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>O'Brien reported from Providence, Rhode Island.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated May 14, 2019, 4:55 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco supervisors voted 8 to 1 Tuesday to ban the use of facial recognition software by police and other city departments, becoming the first U.S. city to outlaw a rapidly developing technology that has alarmed privacy and civil liberties advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban is part of broader legislation that requires city departments to establish use policies and obtain board approval for surveillance technology they want to purchase or are using at present. Several other local governments require departments to disclose and seek approval for surveillance technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really about saying: 'We can have security without being a security state. We can have good policing without being a police state.' And part of that is building trust with the community based on good community information, not on Big Brother technology,\" said Supervisor Aaron Peskin, who championed the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban applies to San Francisco police and other municipal departments. It does not affect use of the technology by the federal government at airports and ports, nor does it limit personal or business use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco board did not spend time Tuesday debating the outright ban on facial recognition technology, focusing instead on the possible burdens placed on police, the transit system and other city agencies that need to maintain public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I worry about politicizing these decisions,\" said Supervisor Catherine Stefani, a former prosecutor who was the sole no vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a nonprofit think tank based in Washington, D.C., issued a statement chiding San Francisco for considering the facial recognition ban. It said advanced technology makes it cheaper and faster for police to find suspects and identify missing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics were silly to compare surveillance usage in the United States with China, given that one country has strong constitutional protections and the other does not, said Daniel Castro, the foundation's vice president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In reality, San Francisco is more at risk of becoming Cuba than China_a ban on facial recognition will make it frozen in time with outdated technology,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many San Francisco departments are using surveillance and for what purposes, said Peskin. There are valid reasons for license-plate readers, body cameras, and security cameras, he said, but the public should know how the tools are being used or if they are being abused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's police department stopped testing face ID technology in 2017. A representative at Tuesday's board meeting said the department would need two to four additional employees to comply with the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates have squared off with public safety proponents at several heated hearings in San Francisco, a city teeming with tech innovation and the home of Twitter, Airbnb and Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who support the ban say the technology is flawed and a serious threat to civil liberties, especially in a city that cherishes public protest and privacy. They worry people will one day not be able to go to a mall, the park or a school without being identified and tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say police need all the help they can get, especially in a city with high-profile events and high rates of property crime. That people expect privacy in public space is unreasonable given the proliferation of cellphones and surveillance cameras, said Meredith Serra, a member of a resident public safety group Stop Crime SF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, the ordinance seems to be a costly additional layer of bureaucracy that really does nothing to improve the safety of our citizens,\" she said at a hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland is considering similar legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is on track to become the first U.S. city to ban the use of facial recognition by police and other city agencies, reflecting a growing backlash against a technology that's creeping into airports, motor vehicle departments, stores, stadiums and home security cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies around the U.S. have used the technology for more than a decade to scan databases for suspects and prevent identity fraud. But recent advances in artificial intelligence have created more sophisticated computer vision tools, making it easier for police to pinpoint a missing child or protester in a moving crowd or for retailers to analyze a shopper's facial expressions as they peruse store shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to restrict its use are getting pushback from law enforcement groups and the tech industry, though it's far from a united front. Microsoft, while opposed to an outright ban, has urged lawmakers to set limits on the technology, warning that leaving it unchecked could enable an oppressive dystopia reminiscent of George Orwell's novel \"1984.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Face recognition is one of those technologies that people get how creepy it is,\" said Alvaro Bedoya, who directs Georgetown University's Center on Privacy and Technology. \"It's not like cookies on a browser. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without regulations barring law enforcement from accessing driver's license databases, people who have never been arrested could be part of virtual police line-ups without their knowledge, skeptics of the technology say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They worry people will one day not be able to go to a park, store or school without being identified and tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, a handful of big box stores across the U.S. are trying out cameras with facial recognition that can guess their customers' age, gender or mood as they walk by, with the goal of showing them targeted, real-time ads on in-store video screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If San Francisco adopts a ban, other cities, states or even Congress could follow, with lawmakers from both parties looking to curtail government surveillance and others hoping to restrict how businesses analyze the faces, emotions and gaits of an unsuspecting public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Legislature is considering a proposal prohibiting the use of facial ID technology on body cameras. A bipartisan bill in the U.S. Senate would exempt police applications but set limits on businesses analyzing people's faces without their consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation similar to San Francisco's is pending in Oakland, and on Thursday another proposed ban was introduced in Somerville, Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bedoya said a ban in San Francisco, the \"most technologically advanced city in our country,\" would send a warning to other police departments thinking of trying out the imperfect technology. But Daniel Castro, vice president of the industry-backed Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, said the ordinance is too extreme to serve as a model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It might find success in San Francisco, but I will be surprised if it finds success in a lot of other cities,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is home to tech innovators such as Uber, Airbnb and Twitter, but the city's relationship with the industry is testy. Some supervisors in City Hall are calling for a tax on stock-based compensation in response to a wave of San Francisco companies going public, including Lyft and Pinterest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, San Francisco is big on protecting immigrants, civil liberties and privacy. In November, nearly 60% of voters approved a proposition to strengthen data privacy guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's proposed face-recognition ban is part of broader legislation aimed at regulating the use of surveillance by city departments. The legislation applies only to San Francisco government and would not affect companies or people who want to use the technology. It also would not affect the use of facial recognition at San Francisco International Airport, where security is mostly overseen by federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supervisors is scheduled to vote on the bill Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A San Francisco police officer turns on his body camera during training at the Ingleside police station in San Francisco on Sept. 1, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11746673\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/body-camera-san-francisco-1920.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A San Francisco police officer turns on his body camera during training at the Ingleside police station in San Francisco on Sept. 1, 2016. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco police say they stopped testing face recognition in 2017. Spokesman David Stevenson said in a statement the department looks forward to \"developing legislation that addresses the privacy concerns of technology while balancing the public safety concerns of our growing, international city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Aaron Peskin acknowledges his legislation, called the \"Stop Secret Surveillance Ordinance,\" isn't very tech-friendly. But public oversight is critical given the potential for abuse, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology often misfires. Studies have shown error rates in facial-analysis systems built by Amazon, IBM and Microsoft were far higher for darker-skinned women than lighter-skinned men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if facial recognition were perfectly accurate, its use would pose a severe threat to civil rights, especially in a city with a rich history of protest and expression, said Matt Cagle, attorney at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If facial recognition were added to body cameras or public-facing surveillance feeds, it would threaten the ability of people to go to a protest or hang out in Dolores Park without having their identity tracked by the city,\" he said, referring to a popular park in San Francisco's Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local critics of San Francisco's legislation, however, worry about hampering police investigations in a city with a high number of vehicle break-ins and several high-profile annual parades. They want to make sure police can keep using merchants and residents' video surveillance in investigations without bureaucratic hassles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Engardio, vice president of grassroots group Stop Crime SF, wants the city to be flexible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our point of view is, rather than a blanket ban forever, why not a moratorium so we're not using problematic technology, but we open the door for when technology improves?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a moratorium is under consideration in the Massachusetts Legislature, where it has the backing of Republican and Democratic senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, a government's facial recognition efforts happen in secret or go unnoticed. In Massachusetts, the motor vehicle registry has used the technology since 2006 to prevent driver's license fraud, and some police agencies have used it as a tool for detectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is technology we use,\" said Massachusetts State Police Lt. Tom Ryan, adding that \"we tend not to get too involved in publicizing\" that fact. Ryan and the agency declined to answer further questions about how it's used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts Sen. Cynthia Creem, a Democrat and sponsor of the moratorium bill, said she worries about a lack of standards protecting the public from inaccurate or biased facial recognition technology. Until better guidelines exist, she said, \"it shouldn't be used\" by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Highway Patrol does not use face recognition technology, spokeswoman Fran Clader said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Motor Vehicles spokesman Marty Greenstein says facial recognition technology \"is specifically not allowed on DMV photos.\" State Justice Department spokeswoman Jennifer Molina said her agency does not use face ID technology, and policy states \"DOJ and requesters shall not maintain DMV images for the purpose of creating a database\" unless authorized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators also sought a face recognition moratorium this year in Washington, the home state of Microsoft and Amazon, but it was gutted following industry and police opposition. Microsoft instead backed a lighter-touch proposal as part of a broader data privacy bill, but deliberations stalled before lawmakers adjourned late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>O'Brien reported from Providence, Rhode Island.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the night of Jan. 16, Liz O’Sullivan sent a letter she’d been working on for weeks to her boss, Matt Zeiler, the founder and CEO of Clarifai, a tech company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related\" tag=\"artificial-intelligence\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moment before I hit send and then afterwards, my heart, I could just feel it racing,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5999930/Open-Letter-to-Clarifai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The letter\u003c/a> asked: Is our technology going to be used to build weapons?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With little government oversight of the tech industry in the U.S., it’s tech workers themselves who increasingly are raising these ethical questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan often describes technology as magic. She’s 34 — from the generation that saw the birth of high-speed internet, Facebook, Venmo and Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are companies out there doing things that really look like magic,” she says. “They feel like magic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her story began two years ago, when she started working at Clarifai. She says one of her jobs was to explain the company’s product to customers. It’s visual recognition technology, used by websites to identify nudity and \u003ca href=\"https://clarifai.com/customers/momio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inappropriate content\u003c/a>. And doctors use it to \u003ca href=\"https://clarifai.com/customers/i-nside\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spot diseases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarifai was a startup, founded by Zeiler, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2017/07/13/clarifai-ai-image-recognition/#c4c841afe42d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a young superstar \u003c/a>of the tech world. But shortly after O’Sullivan joined, Clarifai got a big break — a government contract, reportedly for millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was all very secretive. At first, the people assigned to work on the project were in a windowless room with the glass doors covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan would walk by and wonder: What are they doing in there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeiler says the contract required secrecy, but everyone working directly on the project knew what it was about. “We got briefed before even writing a single line of code,” he says. “And I also briefed everybody I asked to participate on this project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke to one employee who worked directly on the project. That person, who requested anonymity for fear of retaliation, says many of the workers in that room were not entirely clear what the technology they were working on was going to be used for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747064\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/matt_landscapeartboard-1-05aa7f240853a2506e1121160167a94cc227592d-3.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11747064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/matt_landscapeartboard-1-05aa7f240853a2506e1121160167a94cc227592d-3-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Zeiler, CEO of Clarifai, says his company’s technology will help American soldiers and civilians.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the months that followed, former employees say, information started trickling down. It turns out, they were working with the Department of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, people working on the project got an email that outlined some details. The text included a brief reference to something called \u003ca href=\"https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/Project%20Maven%20DSD%20Memo%2020170425.pdf\">Project Maven\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon told NPR that the project, also called Algorithmic Warfare, was created in April 2017. Its first task was to use computer-vision technology for drones in the campaign against ISIS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could be more effective than humans, who might miss something or misunderstand something,” explains Ben Shneiderman, a computer scientist at the University of Maryland. “The computer vision could be more accurate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shneiderman had serious ethical concerns about the project. And he wasn’t alone. Many people in the tech world were starting to wonder: What will the technology we’re building be used for down the road?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan says this question began to haunt her too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big fear among tech activists is that will this be used to build autonomous weapons — ones that are programmed to find targets and kill people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/28/476055707/weighing-the-good-and-the-bad-of-autonomous-killer-robots-in-battle\">without human intervention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.esd.whs.mil/portals/54/documents/dd/issuances/dodd/300009p.pdf\">current policy\u003c/a> requires that autonomous weapons “allow commanders and operators to exercise appropriate levels of human judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a definition many find murky. And last year, tech workers began to ask a lot of questions. “It’s a historic moment of the employees rising up in a principled way, an ethical way and saying, we won’t do this,” Shneiderman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Microsoft employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/14/628765208/tech-workers-demand-ceos-stop-doing-business-with-ice-other-u-s-agencies\">protested \u003c/a>their company’s contract with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. And several thousand employees demanded that Google stop working on Project Maven. Google did not renew its contract with the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last June, Clarifai CEO Matt Zeiler also weighed in. \u003ca href=\"https://blog.clarifai.com/why-were-part-of-project-maven\">In a blog post\u003c/a>, he explained why the company was working on a military project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan read that with interest. “You know, the people running these companies are sort of techno-Utopians,” she says. “And they believe that tech is going to save the world and that we really just have to build everything that we can, and then figure out where the cards fall. But there are a lot of us out here saying, should we be building this at all?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Clarifai employees told NPR that at the office, the mood got tense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were plenty of people who felt comfortable working on Project Maven. Others resented that it had been so secretive. And some just found it morally troubling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the months went by, O’Sullivan says she realized she couldn’t change the direction of the company. So at the beginning of this year, she wrote that letter to Zeiler and sent it to the whole staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have serious concerns about recent events and are beginning to worry about what we are all working so hard to build,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on to ask a bunch of questions. Many of them are the same ones being asked across the tech world today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you going to let us know who we’re selling our stuff to?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you going to vet how it’s used?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do we care if this is used to hurt people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after she sent that letter, she says Zeiler spoke at a staff meeting. “He did say that our technology was likely to be used for weapons,” O’Sullivan says, “and autonomous weapons at that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeiler does not deny this. In fact, he says, \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1616580/lethal-autonomous-weapons-could-become-a-reality-of-war/\">countries like China are already doing it\u003c/a>. The U.S. needs to step it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to be building missiles, or any kind of stuff like that at Clarifai,” he says. “But the technology … is going to be useful for those. And through partnerships with the DOD and other contractors, I do think it will make its way into autonomous weapons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where he and O’Sullivan disagree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should companies like Clarifai, Google and Amazon be involved in military projects?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeiler says Clarifai’s technology will help save American soldiers. “At the end of the day, they’re out there to do a mission. And if we can provide the best technology so that they can accurately do their mission, in the worst case, there might be a human life at the other end that they’re targeting. But in many cases it might be a weapons cache, [without] any humans around, or a bridge to slow down an enemy threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Zeiler says, it’s going to help minimize civilian casualties by improving the accuracy of weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan wasn’t buying that rationale. She quit the day after the staff meeting and describes herself as a conscientious tech objector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on to join a startup that advises companies on how to make trustworthy artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan says she still thinks tech can be really wonderful — or really dangerous. Like playing with magic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Technology+Can+Be+Used+To+Build+Weapons%2C+Some+Workers+Take+A+Stand&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moment before I hit send and then afterwards, my heart, I could just feel it racing,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/5999930/Open-Letter-to-Clarifai.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The letter\u003c/a> asked: Is our technology going to be used to build weapons?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With little government oversight of the tech industry in the U.S., it’s tech workers themselves who increasingly are raising these ethical questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan often describes technology as magic. She’s 34 — from the generation that saw the birth of high-speed internet, Facebook, Venmo and Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are companies out there doing things that really look like magic,” she says. “They feel like magic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her story began two years ago, when she started working at Clarifai. She says one of her jobs was to explain the company’s product to customers. It’s visual recognition technology, used by websites to identify nudity and \u003ca href=\"https://clarifai.com/customers/momio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inappropriate content\u003c/a>. And doctors use it to \u003ca href=\"https://clarifai.com/customers/i-nside\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spot diseases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarifai was a startup, founded by Zeiler, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2017/07/13/clarifai-ai-image-recognition/#c4c841afe42d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a young superstar \u003c/a>of the tech world. But shortly after O’Sullivan joined, Clarifai got a big break — a government contract, reportedly for millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was all very secretive. At first, the people assigned to work on the project were in a windowless room with the glass doors covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan would walk by and wonder: What are they doing in there?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeiler says the contract required secrecy, but everyone working directly on the project knew what it was about. “We got briefed before even writing a single line of code,” he says. “And I also briefed everybody I asked to participate on this project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke to one employee who worked directly on the project. That person, who requested anonymity for fear of retaliation, says many of the workers in that room were not entirely clear what the technology they were working on was going to be used for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747064\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/matt_landscapeartboard-1-05aa7f240853a2506e1121160167a94cc227592d-3.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11747064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/matt_landscapeartboard-1-05aa7f240853a2506e1121160167a94cc227592d-3-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Zeiler, CEO of Clarifai, says his company’s technology will help American soldiers and civilians.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the months that followed, former employees say, information started trickling down. It turns out, they were working with the Department of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, people working on the project got an email that outlined some details. The text included a brief reference to something called \u003ca href=\"https://dodcio.defense.gov/Portals/0/Documents/Project%20Maven%20DSD%20Memo%2020170425.pdf\">Project Maven\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon told NPR that the project, also called Algorithmic Warfare, was created in April 2017. Its first task was to use computer-vision technology for drones in the campaign against ISIS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could be more effective than humans, who might miss something or misunderstand something,” explains Ben Shneiderman, a computer scientist at the University of Maryland. “The computer vision could be more accurate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shneiderman had serious ethical concerns about the project. And he wasn’t alone. Many people in the tech world were starting to wonder: What will the technology we’re building be used for down the road?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan says this question began to haunt her too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big fear among tech activists is that will this be used to build autonomous weapons — ones that are programmed to find targets and kill people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/28/476055707/weighing-the-good-and-the-bad-of-autonomous-killer-robots-in-battle\">without human intervention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.esd.whs.mil/portals/54/documents/dd/issuances/dodd/300009p.pdf\">current policy\u003c/a> requires that autonomous weapons “allow commanders and operators to exercise appropriate levels of human judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a definition many find murky. And last year, tech workers began to ask a lot of questions. “It’s a historic moment of the employees rising up in a principled way, an ethical way and saying, we won’t do this,” Shneiderman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, Microsoft employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/14/628765208/tech-workers-demand-ceos-stop-doing-business-with-ice-other-u-s-agencies\">protested \u003c/a>their company’s contract with Immigration and Customs Enforcement. And several thousand employees demanded that Google stop working on Project Maven. Google did not renew its contract with the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last June, Clarifai CEO Matt Zeiler also weighed in. \u003ca href=\"https://blog.clarifai.com/why-were-part-of-project-maven\">In a blog post\u003c/a>, he explained why the company was working on a military project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan read that with interest. “You know, the people running these companies are sort of techno-Utopians,” she says. “And they believe that tech is going to save the world and that we really just have to build everything that we can, and then figure out where the cards fall. But there are a lot of us out here saying, should we be building this at all?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Clarifai employees told NPR that at the office, the mood got tense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were plenty of people who felt comfortable working on Project Maven. Others resented that it had been so secretive. And some just found it morally troubling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the months went by, O’Sullivan says she realized she couldn’t change the direction of the company. So at the beginning of this year, she wrote that letter to Zeiler and sent it to the whole staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have serious concerns about recent events and are beginning to worry about what we are all working so hard to build,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on to ask a bunch of questions. Many of them are the same ones being asked across the tech world today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you going to let us know who we’re selling our stuff to?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are you going to vet how it’s used?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do we care if this is used to hurt people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after she sent that letter, she says Zeiler spoke at a staff meeting. “He did say that our technology was likely to be used for weapons,” O’Sullivan says, “and autonomous weapons at that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeiler does not deny this. In fact, he says, \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1616580/lethal-autonomous-weapons-could-become-a-reality-of-war/\">countries like China are already doing it\u003c/a>. The U.S. needs to step it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to be building missiles, or any kind of stuff like that at Clarifai,” he says. “But the technology … is going to be useful for those. And through partnerships with the DOD and other contractors, I do think it will make its way into autonomous weapons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where he and O’Sullivan disagree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should companies like Clarifai, Google and Amazon be involved in military projects?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeiler says Clarifai’s technology will help save American soldiers. “At the end of the day, they’re out there to do a mission. And if we can provide the best technology so that they can accurately do their mission, in the worst case, there might be a human life at the other end that they’re targeting. But in many cases it might be a weapons cache, [without] any humans around, or a bridge to slow down an enemy threat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Zeiler says, it’s going to help minimize civilian casualties by improving the accuracy of weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan wasn’t buying that rationale. She quit the day after the staff meeting and describes herself as a conscientious tech objector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on to join a startup that advises companies on how to make trustworthy artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Sullivan says she still thinks tech can be really wonderful — or really dangerous. Like playing with magic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Technology+Can+Be+Used+To+Build+Weapons%2C+Some+Workers+Take+A+Stand&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11744155/poway-synagogue-shooter-pleads-not-guilty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">man\u003c/a> accused of killing a woman and injuring three people in a shooting at a Poway synagogue in late April is expected to appear in court this week to face more than 100 federal charges, including obstruction of the free exercise of religion and hate crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John T. Earnest, 19, allegedly acted alone, but he posted an anti-Semitic “open letter” on 8chan, in which he credited the online forum famous for anti-Semitic conspiracy theories for helping to shape his views. He also expressed the hope his actions would serve as inspiration for a new set of memes to spread these ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories have been at the core of anti-Semitism, and the internet is a fertile breeding ground for conspiracy theorists. Exactly how this genre is evolving was the subject of an event held last week at the Computer Science Museum in Mountain View by UC Santa Cruz’s \u003ca href=\"https://thi.ucsc.edu/initiatives/data-and-democracy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Data and Democracy initiative.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anti-Semitism is one of the oldest hatreds in the world,” said \u003ca href=\"http://racheldeblinger.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rachel Deblinger\u003c/a>, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaljewishstudies.sites.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digital Jewish Studies Initiative\u003c/a> and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://digitalhumanities.ucsc.edu/category/digital-scholarship-commons/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digital Scholarship Commons\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz. “The internet provides the tools of creation and dissemination to everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She argues, as do others, that social media platforms of all kinds are effectively resurrecting and refreshing ideas and visual tropes — or “memes” — stemming back to Medieval Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11746554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-800x643.jpeg\" alt=\"At a recent forum on anti-Semitism and the Internet, Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz, demonstrates how new, digital memes draw on ancient, non-digital tropes. Shown here: a recent cartoon of Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist George Soros, depicting him as a world-dominating spider, alongside something similar but much older.\" width=\"800\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-800x643.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-160x129.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-1020x820.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-1200x964.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-1920x1543.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At a recent forum on anti-Semitism and the internet, Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz, demonstrates how new, digital memes draw on ancient, non-digital tropes. Shown here: A recent cartoon of Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist George Soros depicts him as a world-dominating spider, alongside something similar but much older. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Melody Nixon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see modern versions of images used to demonize Jews \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702239/why-its-so-hard-to-scrub-hate-speech-off-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">all over social media\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.adl.org/resources/reports/gab-and-8chan-home-to-terrorist-plots-hiding-in-plain-sight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not just on forums\u003c/a> where you might expect to find openly, virulent anti-Semitism, like 4chan, 8chan and Gab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As The Associated Press recently reported, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746028/as-facebook-pivots-to-private-platforms-how-will-we-monitor-fake-news-and-hate-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook \u003c/a>is inadvertently repackaging propaganda by militant groups, \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/f97c24dab4f34bd0b48b36f2988952a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">auto-generating\u003c/a> videos and pages the same way it reminds you to celebrate anniversaries with your Facebook friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Computer History Museum, Deblinger pointed to one Pinterest page filled with historical imagery. Without any explanatory text, it’s hard to determine the page owner’s interest in the material. But Deblinger and others agree anti-Semitic content presented without context leaves the consumer of that material free to cement opinions in any direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also said the images reinforce anti-Semitic thinking already present in our online culture. Some of today’s anti-Semitic ideas sound eerily similar to those espoused by Nazi Germany: pseudo-science theories identifying Jews as a separate race, or as being disproportionately responsible for the emergence of a host of modern social and economic ills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deblinger said journalists can unintentionally promote anti-Semitism by even just publishing anti-Semitic imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746562\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11746562 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-800x680.jpeg\" alt=\"Vlad Khaykin, associate director of the Anti Defamation League’s regional office in San Francisco and Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz. The two spoke at a forum on anti-Semitism and the Internet at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View.\" width=\"800\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-800x680.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-160x136.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-1020x868.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-1200x1021.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-1920x1633.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judah “Vlad” Khaykin, associate regional director of the Anti-Defamation League’s office in San Francisco and Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz. The two spoke at a forum on anti-Semitism and the internet at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Melody Nixon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Take for example, the recent controversy involving the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/28/business/ny-times-anti-semitic-cartoon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New York Times.\u003c/a> The Times came under fierce public criticism when its international editorial section republished a cartoon of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu presented as a dog, leading a blind President Trump, dressed in the garb of Orthodox Jews. The Times later apologized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Portuguese cartoonist, António Moreira Antunes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/cartoonist-who-drew-nyt-cartoon-denies-its-anti-semitic-blames-jewish-1412456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">denies\u003c/a> his work was anti-Semitic. He may have primarily intended to comment on the power dynamic between two political figures — but the imagery mimics a long line of anti-Semitic visual tropes stretching back centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those include cartoonish images of Jews animalized as dogs, pigs, rats and spiders, and of Jews leading “blind” non-Jewish world leaders as part of a conspiracy to dominate the world for nefarious ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident at the Times happened in April, the same month the Anti-Defamation League’s annual\u003ca href=\"http://www.adl.org/audit2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents\u003c/a> reported a total of 1,879 attacks against Jews and Jewish institutions across the U.S. in 2018 — a near-historic high in the period since ADL started tracking this data in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11702239,news_11745134,news_11746028' label='More coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents include everything from fliers to robocalls, but the ADL picks out a troubling trend: “While most anti-Semitic incidents are not directly perpetrated by extremists … In 2018, 249 acts of anti-Semitism (13% of the total incidents) were attributable to known extremist groups or individuals inspired by extremist ideology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The internet serves as the latest battleground in the fight against anti-Semitism,” said \u003ca href=\"http://judahkhaykin.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judah “Vlad” Khaykin\u003c/a>, associate regional director of the Anti-Defamation League’s office in San Francisco. “These people are collaborating with each other. They’re sharing ‘best practices.’ They’re fundraising. They’re organizing, and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The internet has allowed anti-Semitism to morph and to change, and that poses new challenges,” said UC Santa Cruz history professor \u003ca href=\"https://jewishstudies.ucsc.edu/faculty/deutsch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nathaniel Deutsch\u003c/a> who, along with Deblinger, co-directs the Center for Jewish Studies at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deutsch was referring to a relatively modern narrative of Jews somehow organizing or promoting non-white immigration to Western Europe and the United States, thus threatening to effect “white genocide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s this narrative that a growing number of hate speech watchers see as cultivating a sense of urgency among online readers that they must take up arms against Jews and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of those challenges, you can address through the internet itself,” Deutsch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How exactly? He means public education campaigns, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.bendthearc.us/oneprayer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#ManyVoicesOnePrayer\u003c/a>, featuring more than 100 faith leaders. Posted in the wake of the Poway shootings, it addresses a larger truth about extremism online: It’s breeding attacks on all sorts of worship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jewishaction/status/1124383196399919104\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11744155/poway-synagogue-shooter-pleads-not-guilty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">man\u003c/a> accused of killing a woman and injuring three people in a shooting at a Poway synagogue in late April is expected to appear in court this week to face more than 100 federal charges, including obstruction of the free exercise of religion and hate crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John T. Earnest, 19, allegedly acted alone, but he posted an anti-Semitic “open letter” on 8chan, in which he credited the online forum famous for anti-Semitic conspiracy theories for helping to shape his views. He also expressed the hope his actions would serve as inspiration for a new set of memes to spread these ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conspiracy theories have been at the core of anti-Semitism, and the internet is a fertile breeding ground for conspiracy theorists. Exactly how this genre is evolving was the subject of an event held last week at the Computer Science Museum in Mountain View by UC Santa Cruz’s \u003ca href=\"https://thi.ucsc.edu/initiatives/data-and-democracy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Data and Democracy initiative.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anti-Semitism is one of the oldest hatreds in the world,” said \u003ca href=\"http://racheldeblinger.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rachel Deblinger\u003c/a>, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaljewishstudies.sites.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digital Jewish Studies Initiative\u003c/a> and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://digitalhumanities.ucsc.edu/category/digital-scholarship-commons/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Digital Scholarship Commons\u003c/a> at UC Santa Cruz. “The internet provides the tools of creation and dissemination to everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She argues, as do others, that social media platforms of all kinds are effectively resurrecting and refreshing ideas and visual tropes — or “memes” — stemming back to Medieval Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11746554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-800x643.jpeg\" alt=\"At a recent forum on anti-Semitism and the Internet, Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz, demonstrates how new, digital memes draw on ancient, non-digital tropes. Shown here: a recent cartoon of Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist George Soros, depicting him as a world-dominating spider, alongside something similar but much older.\" width=\"800\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-800x643.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-160x129.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-1020x820.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-1200x964.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme-1920x1543.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_Rachel_SorosMeme.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At a recent forum on anti-Semitism and the internet, Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz, demonstrates how new, digital memes draw on ancient, non-digital tropes. Shown here: A recent cartoon of Hungarian-American investor and philanthropist George Soros depicts him as a world-dominating spider, alongside something similar but much older. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Melody Nixon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You can see modern versions of images used to demonize Jews \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702239/why-its-so-hard-to-scrub-hate-speech-off-social-media\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">all over social media\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.adl.org/resources/reports/gab-and-8chan-home-to-terrorist-plots-hiding-in-plain-sight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">not just on forums\u003c/a> where you might expect to find openly, virulent anti-Semitism, like 4chan, 8chan and Gab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As The Associated Press recently reported, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746028/as-facebook-pivots-to-private-platforms-how-will-we-monitor-fake-news-and-hate-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook \u003c/a>is inadvertently repackaging propaganda by militant groups, \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/f97c24dab4f34bd0b48b36f2988952a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">auto-generating\u003c/a> videos and pages the same way it reminds you to celebrate anniversaries with your Facebook friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Computer History Museum, Deblinger pointed to one Pinterest page filled with historical imagery. Without any explanatory text, it’s hard to determine the page owner’s interest in the material. But Deblinger and others agree anti-Semitic content presented without context leaves the consumer of that material free to cement opinions in any direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also said the images reinforce anti-Semitic thinking already present in our online culture. Some of today’s anti-Semitic ideas sound eerily similar to those espoused by Nazi Germany: pseudo-science theories identifying Jews as a separate race, or as being disproportionately responsible for the emergence of a host of modern social and economic ills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deblinger said journalists can unintentionally promote anti-Semitism by even just publishing anti-Semitic imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746562\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11746562 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-800x680.jpeg\" alt=\"Vlad Khaykin, associate director of the Anti Defamation League’s regional office in San Francisco and Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz. The two spoke at a forum on anti-Semitism and the Internet at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View.\" width=\"800\" height=\"680\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-800x680.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-160x136.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-1020x868.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-1200x1021.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel-1920x1633.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/AntisemitismInternet_VladRachel.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judah “Vlad” Khaykin, associate regional director of the Anti-Defamation League’s office in San Francisco and Rachel Deblinger, co-director of the Digital Jewish Studies Initiative at UC Santa Cruz. The two spoke at a forum on anti-Semitism and the internet at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Melody Nixon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Take for example, the recent controversy involving the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/28/business/ny-times-anti-semitic-cartoon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New York Times.\u003c/a> The Times came under fierce public criticism when its international editorial section republished a cartoon of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu presented as a dog, leading a blind President Trump, dressed in the garb of Orthodox Jews. The Times later apologized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Portuguese cartoonist, António Moreira Antunes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/cartoonist-who-drew-nyt-cartoon-denies-its-anti-semitic-blames-jewish-1412456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">denies\u003c/a> his work was anti-Semitic. He may have primarily intended to comment on the power dynamic between two political figures — but the imagery mimics a long line of anti-Semitic visual tropes stretching back centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those include cartoonish images of Jews animalized as dogs, pigs, rats and spiders, and of Jews leading “blind” non-Jewish world leaders as part of a conspiracy to dominate the world for nefarious ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident at the Times happened in April, the same month the Anti-Defamation League’s annual\u003ca href=\"http://www.adl.org/audit2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Audit of Anti-Semitic Incidents\u003c/a> reported a total of 1,879 attacks against Jews and Jewish institutions across the U.S. in 2018 — a near-historic high in the period since ADL started tracking this data in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents include everything from fliers to robocalls, but the ADL picks out a troubling trend: “While most anti-Semitic incidents are not directly perpetrated by extremists … In 2018, 249 acts of anti-Semitism (13% of the total incidents) were attributable to known extremist groups or individuals inspired by extremist ideology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The internet serves as the latest battleground in the fight against anti-Semitism,” said \u003ca href=\"http://judahkhaykin.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Judah “Vlad” Khaykin\u003c/a>, associate regional director of the Anti-Defamation League’s office in San Francisco. “These people are collaborating with each other. They’re sharing ‘best practices.’ They’re fundraising. They’re organizing, and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The internet has allowed anti-Semitism to morph and to change, and that poses new challenges,” said UC Santa Cruz history professor \u003ca href=\"https://jewishstudies.ucsc.edu/faculty/deutsch.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nathaniel Deutsch\u003c/a> who, along with Deblinger, co-directs the Center for Jewish Studies at UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deutsch was referring to a relatively modern narrative of Jews somehow organizing or promoting non-white immigration to Western Europe and the United States, thus threatening to effect “white genocide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s this narrative that a growing number of hate speech watchers see as cultivating a sense of urgency among online readers that they must take up arms against Jews and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of those challenges, you can address through the internet itself,” Deutsch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How exactly? He means public education campaigns, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.bendthearc.us/oneprayer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#ManyVoicesOnePrayer\u003c/a>, featuring more than 100 faith leaders. Posted in the wake of the Poway shootings, it addresses a larger truth about extremism online: It’s breeding attacks on all sorts of worship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court ruled Monday that a major antitrust lawsuit against Apple over its App Store can move forward. The 5-to-4 ruling immediately plunged Apple's stock prices and opened the door to the possibility of enormous future damages against the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Brett Kavanaugh, appointed by President Trump last year, wrote the decision for himself and the court's four liberal justices. In it, he stressed that the court majority was taking no position on the merits of the lawsuit but said that under long-standing precedent the suit could proceed to its next stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Apple Coverage\" tag=\"apple\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was brought against Apple by four iPhone users, who claimed that Apple was monopolizing the retail market for the sale of apps and using that monopoly to force higher-than-competitive charges for its apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory of the lawsuit is that Apple's 30% commission charge to app developers is often passed on to consumers — creating a higher-than-competitive price — and that competitors are shut out because Apple prevents iPhone owners from buying apps anywhere other than its App Store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple sought to block the lawsuit, asserting that it had not set the prices on the apps and thus the iPhone owners had no standing to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Apple, and on Monday the Supreme Court agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ever since Congress overwhelmingly passed and President Benjamin Harrison signed the Sherman Act in 1890, 'protecting consumers from monopoly prices' has been 'the central concern of antitrust,' \" Kavanaugh wrote in the majority opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"The consumers here purchased apps directly from Apple, and they allege that Apple used its monopoly power over the retail apps market to charge higher-than-competitive prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh's opinion was joined by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor. The dissent was written by Trump's other appointee to the high court, Justice Neil Gorsuch. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch's opinion was joined by Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Chief Justice John Roberts. They would have thrown the case out of court because in their view, iPhone users are not direct purchasers who, under the court's precedents, may bring antitrust claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch's dissenting minority opinion cited the landmark \u003cem>Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois\u003c/em> case of 1977 to say that \"an antitrust plaintiff can't sue a defendant for overcharging someone else who might (or might not) have passed on all (or some) of the overcharge to him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5999869-Supreme-Court-Apple-App-Store-Opinion.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than allowing the four iPhone owners to sue under a \"pass on\" theory, Gorsuch wrote, the high court should have ruled that the rightful suit can only come from those who are forced to pay \"overcharges\" in a monopoly environment — in this case, the companies that develop and sell apps in Apple's online store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the proximate cause line is no longer to be drawn at the first injured party, how far down the causal chain can a plaintiff be and still recoup damages?\" Gorsuch asked, in his dissenting opinion that was joined by Roberts, along with Thomas and Alito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's ruling, Gorsuch said, could begin whittling away the decision in \u003cem>Illinois Brick\u003c/em> and may also call other, older cases into question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kavanaugh wrote that the previous decision wasn't meant \"to bar direct-purchaser suits against monopolistic retailers who employ commissions rather than markups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"The plaintiffs seek to hold retailers to account if the retailers engage in unlawful anticompetitive conduct that harms consumers who purchase from those retailers. That is why we have antitrust law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the question of whether Apple could now be subject to lawsuits from different plaintiffs — by consumers who are downstream in the sales process, and by suppliers who are further upstream — Kavanaugh wrote, \"A retailer who is both a monopolist and a monopsonist may be liable to different classes of plaintiffs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monopsony, as we all recall, can occur when a company becomes the sole buyer of goods or labor, concentrating all the market power on its side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was brought against Apple by four iPhone users, who claimed that Apple was monopolizing the retail market for the sale of apps and using that monopoly to force higher-than-competitive charges for its apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory of the lawsuit is that Apple's 30% commission charge to app developers is often passed on to consumers — creating a higher-than-competitive price — and that competitors are shut out because Apple prevents iPhone owners from buying apps anywhere other than its App Store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple sought to block the lawsuit, asserting that it had not set the prices on the apps and thus the iPhone owners had no standing to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Apple, and on Monday the Supreme Court agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ever since Congress overwhelmingly passed and President Benjamin Harrison signed the Sherman Act in 1890, 'protecting consumers from monopoly prices' has been 'the central concern of antitrust,' \" Kavanaugh wrote in the majority opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"The consumers here purchased apps directly from Apple, and they allege that Apple used its monopoly power over the retail apps market to charge higher-than-competitive prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than allowing the four iPhone owners to sue under a \"pass on\" theory, Gorsuch wrote, the high court should have ruled that the rightful suit can only come from those who are forced to pay \"overcharges\" in a monopoly environment — in this case, the companies that develop and sell apps in Apple's online store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the proximate cause line is no longer to be drawn at the first injured party, how far down the causal chain can a plaintiff be and still recoup damages?\" Gorsuch asked, in his dissenting opinion that was joined by Roberts, along with Thomas and Alito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's ruling, Gorsuch said, could begin whittling away the decision in \u003cem>Illinois Brick\u003c/em> and may also call other, older cases into question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kavanaugh wrote that the previous decision wasn't meant \"to bar direct-purchaser suits against monopolistic retailers who employ commissions rather than markups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"The plaintiffs seek to hold retailers to account if the retailers engage in unlawful anticompetitive conduct that harms consumers who purchase from those retailers. That is why we have antitrust law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the question of whether Apple could now be subject to lawsuits from different plaintiffs — by consumers who are downstream in the sales process, and by suppliers who are further upstream — Kavanaugh wrote, \"A retailer who is both a monopolist and a monopsonist may be liable to different classes of plaintiffs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monopsony, as we all recall, can occur when a company becomes the sole buyer of goods or labor, concentrating all the market power on its side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SamTrans has launched an \u003ca href=\"http://www.samtrans.com/about/MediaRelations/news/SamTrans_OnDemand_Service_Launches_in_Pacifica.html\">on-demand shuttle program\u003c/a> in the Linda Mar neighborhood of Pacifica, a service that replaces a discontinued \"flexible\" bus line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yearlong pilot program is offering point-to-point rides anywhere within \u003ca href=\"http://www.samtrans.com/schedulesandmaps/timetables/OnDemand.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the Linda Mar area\u003c/a> for the standard fare of $2.25 a ride. Riders will be able to request a trip through \u003ca href=\"http://www.samtrans.com/schedulesandmaps/timetables/OnDemand.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the SamTrans OnDemand smartphone app\u003c/a> or by calling the SamTrans customer service center, and they can then track the shuttle's location through the app in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's a way of getting bus service into more low-density areas that may not necessarily have a large enough population to really pack a fixed bus route,” said SamTrans spokesman Dan Lieberman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former Pacifica FLX service ran on a fixed schedule and route -- but with advance notice would pick up Linda Mar riders anywhere with half a mile of its route. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Henderson, a professor of geography and environment at San Francisco State University, said this kind of service isn't necessarily new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of big urban public transportation agencies have historically offered — at least since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/thelaw/ada.html\">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990\u003c/a>, but some before that — a kind of demand response for seniors, for the disabled, to connect to hospitals, et cetera,\" Henderson said. \"It’s a part of the public transit service, but it was tricky because it had to be scheduled, and it's very expensive per rider.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson said point-to-point service is necessary to serve groups like the disabled, the elderly and people in outlying areas with limited transportation access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SamTrans and these other public transit agencies have an obligation to provide wheelchair access and have drivers that know how to deal with seniors and can be respectful towards them and helpful,\" he said. \"So, this kind of service is very important, and I'm just glad to see that it's staying within the public realm of the transit system, rather than punting it off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliot Martin, research and development engineer at \u003ca href=\"https://tsrc.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley's Transportation Sustainability Research Center\u003c/a>, says these transportation programs are emerging because transit agencies have long struggled in areas with low ridership, but where service still has to be provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a potential means for agencies to provide that kind of mobility potentially better, because technology now enables us to communicate our origins and our destinations better,\" said Martin. \"It also may be a way for these agencies to deliver that service at a lower cost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SamTrans is not the only Bay Area transportation agency to launch an on-demand transit option. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and AC Transit have also launched these services in recent years with varying degrees of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VTA’s on-demand \u003ca href=\"http://www.vta.org/FLEX\">FLEX service pilot program\u003c/a>, which started and ended in 2016, didn't catch on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the conclusion of the six-month pilot period, staff determined that ridership levels were not sufficient to extend the program in view of its high operating cost and low farebox recovery,\" said Holly Perez, a VTA spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"http://www.actransit.org/flex/\">AC Transit's Flex program\u003c/a> has had success since its initial pilot in 2016. According to the transportation agency, that program was launched as an alternative to the elimination of service in areas of low ridership in the East Bay. It's enabled riders in Castro Valley and Newark to book trips from selected bus stops using a computer or smartphone. In March 2018, the board of directors voted to continue the Flex service beyond its initial pilot year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the pilot year, over 700 unique customers tried Flex, completing 23,000 trips and returning 70 percent of the time after taking their first trip,” said AC Transit spokesman Robert Lyles. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SamTrans has launched an \u003ca href=\"http://www.samtrans.com/about/MediaRelations/news/SamTrans_OnDemand_Service_Launches_in_Pacifica.html\">on-demand shuttle program\u003c/a> in the Linda Mar neighborhood of Pacifica, a service that replaces a discontinued \"flexible\" bus line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yearlong pilot program is offering point-to-point rides anywhere within \u003ca href=\"http://www.samtrans.com/schedulesandmaps/timetables/OnDemand.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the Linda Mar area\u003c/a> for the standard fare of $2.25 a ride. Riders will be able to request a trip through \u003ca href=\"http://www.samtrans.com/schedulesandmaps/timetables/OnDemand.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the SamTrans OnDemand smartphone app\u003c/a> or by calling the SamTrans customer service center, and they can then track the shuttle's location through the app in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's a way of getting bus service into more low-density areas that may not necessarily have a large enough population to really pack a fixed bus route,” said SamTrans spokesman Dan Lieberman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former Pacifica FLX service ran on a fixed schedule and route -- but with advance notice would pick up Linda Mar riders anywhere with half a mile of its route. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Henderson, a professor of geography and environment at San Francisco State University, said this kind of service isn't necessarily new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of big urban public transportation agencies have historically offered — at least since the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/thelaw/ada.html\">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990\u003c/a>, but some before that — a kind of demand response for seniors, for the disabled, to connect to hospitals, et cetera,\" Henderson said. \"It’s a part of the public transit service, but it was tricky because it had to be scheduled, and it's very expensive per rider.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson said point-to-point service is necessary to serve groups like the disabled, the elderly and people in outlying areas with limited transportation access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SamTrans and these other public transit agencies have an obligation to provide wheelchair access and have drivers that know how to deal with seniors and can be respectful towards them and helpful,\" he said. \"So, this kind of service is very important, and I'm just glad to see that it's staying within the public realm of the transit system, rather than punting it off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elliot Martin, research and development engineer at \u003ca href=\"https://tsrc.berkeley.edu/\">UC Berkeley's Transportation Sustainability Research Center\u003c/a>, says these transportation programs are emerging because transit agencies have long struggled in areas with low ridership, but where service still has to be provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a potential means for agencies to provide that kind of mobility potentially better, because technology now enables us to communicate our origins and our destinations better,\" said Martin. \"It also may be a way for these agencies to deliver that service at a lower cost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SamTrans is not the only Bay Area transportation agency to launch an on-demand transit option. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and AC Transit have also launched these services in recent years with varying degrees of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>VTA’s on-demand \u003ca href=\"http://www.vta.org/FLEX\">FLEX service pilot program\u003c/a>, which started and ended in 2016, didn't catch on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the conclusion of the six-month pilot period, staff determined that ridership levels were not sufficient to extend the program in view of its high operating cost and low farebox recovery,\" said Holly Perez, a VTA spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"http://www.actransit.org/flex/\">AC Transit's Flex program\u003c/a> has had success since its initial pilot in 2016. According to the transportation agency, that program was launched as an alternative to the elimination of service in areas of low ridership in the East Bay. It's enabled riders in Castro Valley and Newark to book trips from selected bus stops using a computer or smartphone. In March 2018, the board of directors voted to continue the Flex service beyond its initial pilot year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the pilot year, over 700 unique customers tried Flex, completing 23,000 trips and returning 70 percent of the time after taking their first trip,” said AC Transit spokesman Robert Lyles. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Measles Outbreaks Come With a Hefty Price Tag",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746701/feds-could-start-fracking-in-central-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Feds Could Start Fracking in Central California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California could be on the verge of getting fracked. The agency that manages vast stretches of federal land there is planning to open that land up to oil and gas development. Voters in some counties that would be impacted have rejected fracking. But with this move by the Trump administration, it turns out, their votes might not matter.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Greta Mart\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746705/the-hefty-cost-of-a-measles-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measles Outbreaks Come With a Hefty Price Tag\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We're getting our first look at the hefty cost of this year's measles outbreak. Health advocates say containing and investigating cases of the disease, fueled in part by the anti-vaxxing trend, comes with a big price tag.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alyssa Jeong Perry\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746728/i-wish-it-wouldve-burned-navigating-insurance-when-your-home-survives-a-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why It Can Be Harder to Get Insurance Payouts for Homes Spared in a Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Six months after the Camp Fire many of the people who once called the town of Paradise home are trying to get the money they were promised by insurers. Claims total at least $8 billion -- more than any wildfire in the state. Getting insurance money can be hardest for the people who didn't lose their homes in the fire.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Jeremy Siegel\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746717/venezuelan-turmoil-top-of-mind-for-refugees-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venezuelan Turmoil Top of Mind for Refugees in California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic and slow political collapse thousands of miles away in Venezuela is top-of-mind for many of the nation's citizens who've fled to California.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Benjamin Gottlieb\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746552/no-lone-shooter-how-anti-semitism-is-winning-new-converts-on-the-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why Curbing Extremism Online Is So Hard\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California man accused of killing a woman at a Poway synagogue last month is expected to appear in court this week to face more than 100 federal charges, including obstruction of the free exercise of religion and hate crimes. Preventing the next hate crime isn’t an easy task.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Rachael Myrow\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746725/the-helltown-hotshots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Helltown Hotshots\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A place called Helltown in Butte County was the site of the most destructive wildfire in California history six months ago. As the fire got closer, four friends did the unthinkable. Instead of running to safety, they turned around and went right back into it.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Matt Fidler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746701/feds-could-start-fracking-in-central-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Feds Could Start Fracking in Central California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California could be on the verge of getting fracked. The agency that manages vast stretches of federal land there is planning to open that land up to oil and gas development. Voters in some counties that would be impacted have rejected fracking. But with this move by the Trump administration, it turns out, their votes might not matter.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Greta Mart\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746705/the-hefty-cost-of-a-measles-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measles Outbreaks Come With a Hefty Price Tag\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We're getting our first look at the hefty cost of this year's measles outbreak. Health advocates say containing and investigating cases of the disease, fueled in part by the anti-vaxxing trend, comes with a big price tag.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alyssa Jeong Perry\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746728/i-wish-it-wouldve-burned-navigating-insurance-when-your-home-survives-a-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why It Can Be Harder to Get Insurance Payouts for Homes Spared in a Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Six months after the Camp Fire many of the people who once called the town of Paradise home are trying to get the money they were promised by insurers. Claims total at least $8 billion -- more than any wildfire in the state. Getting insurance money can be hardest for the people who didn't lose their homes in the fire.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Jeremy Siegel\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746717/venezuelan-turmoil-top-of-mind-for-refugees-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venezuelan Turmoil Top of Mind for Refugees in California\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economic and slow political collapse thousands of miles away in Venezuela is top-of-mind for many of the nation's citizens who've fled to California.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Benjamin Gottlieb\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746552/no-lone-shooter-how-anti-semitism-is-winning-new-converts-on-the-internet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why Curbing Extremism Online Is So Hard\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California man accused of killing a woman at a Poway synagogue last month is expected to appear in court this week to face more than 100 federal charges, including obstruction of the free exercise of religion and hate crimes. Preventing the next hate crime isn’t an easy task.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Rachael Myrow\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746725/the-helltown-hotshots\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Helltown Hotshots\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A place called Helltown in Butte County was the site of the most destructive wildfire in California history six months ago. As the fire got closer, four friends did the unthinkable. Instead of running to safety, they turned around and went right back into it.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Matt Fidler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Come 2022, you might see Silicon Valley kids in the Winter Olympics. Luge coaches from the U.S. National and Olympic teams visited Palo Alto on Sunday to recruit young athletes who might someday take home medals in the sport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746614\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11746614 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED’s Sara Hossaini practices luging for the first time. \u003ccite>(David Kelly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the nationwide White Castle USA Luge Slider Search, coaches teach 9 to 13-year-olds the basics of riding a luge sled, which includes positioning, steering and stopping. After this, some advance to a training camp, and maybe one day to the Olympic and National teams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My parents asked me if you could do any winter sport, what would it be, I said luge. Then a few weeks later, they saw a facebook thing,” said 10-year-old Lilly Arnold, on her second year at the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slider search has traveled 220,000 miles and recruited more than 25,000 young athletes since its establishment in 1985.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are only two places in the country where there’s a track, with the exception of any town that will let us close a hill for the day,” said USA Luge Organizer Aidan Kelly, who went to the Sochi Olympics after being discovered in a slider search himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746597\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11746597\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ella Laroux, 12, of Sunnyvale rides a luge sled in the nationwide athlete recruitment tour of USA Luge in Palo Alto, California on May 12, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kelly said the U.S. Olympian team finds about 75 percent of its athletes through recruiting events like this one, which are free for all participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Erin Hamlin, who was discovered in a 1999 Slider Search, eventually took home the 2014 Olympic bronze and 2009 World Champion titles. Eight athletes from the 2010 U.S. Olympic Luge Team and six on the 2014 U.S. Olympic Luge Team were also recruited through the search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you see it one day and you think maybe I’ll give it a try, come on down, because you could be at the very least the only person you know that’s tried luge,” Kelly said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Come 2022, you might see Silicon Valley kids in the Winter Olympics. Luge coaches from the U.S. National and Olympic teams visited Palo Alto on Sunday to recruit young athletes who might someday take home medals in the sport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746614\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11746614 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/IMG_123911-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED’s Sara Hossaini practices luging for the first time. \u003ccite>(David Kelly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the nationwide White Castle USA Luge Slider Search, coaches teach 9 to 13-year-olds the basics of riding a luge sled, which includes positioning, steering and stopping. After this, some advance to a training camp, and maybe one day to the Olympic and National teams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My parents asked me if you could do any winter sport, what would it be, I said luge. Then a few weeks later, they saw a facebook thing,” said 10-year-old Lilly Arnold, on her second year at the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slider search has traveled 220,000 miles and recruited more than 25,000 young athletes since its establishment in 1985.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are only two places in the country where there’s a track, with the exception of any town that will let us close a hill for the day,” said USA Luge Organizer Aidan Kelly, who went to the Sochi Olympics after being discovered in a slider search himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11746597\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11746597\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Resized_20190512_110312-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ella Laroux, 12, of Sunnyvale rides a luge sled in the nationwide athlete recruitment tour of USA Luge in Palo Alto, California on May 12, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sara Hossaini/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kelly said the U.S. Olympian team finds about 75 percent of its athletes through recruiting events like this one, which are free for all participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Erin Hamlin, who was discovered in a 1999 Slider Search, eventually took home the 2014 Olympic bronze and 2009 World Champion titles. 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"content": "\u003cp>With fire season approaching, Governor Gavin Newsom is looking for new ideas and technologies to stop the growing scourge of wildfires. And those ideas — if they work — could be worth millions of dollars thanks to a new X Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom joined X Prize founder and chairman Peter Diamandis at the Near Future conference in San Diego yesterday to announce a contest looking for innovative technologies to detect and put out fires before they get too big. The contest will be sponsored by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.xprize.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> X Prize Foundation,\u003c/a> best known for awarding multi-million dollar prizes to new private space exploration technologies — like \u003ca href=\"https://www.xprize.org/prizes/google-lunar/articles/xprize-awards-1m-moonshot-award-to-spaceil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Moonshot award\u003c/a> for a lunar orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the other X Prize contests, this firefighting award will be funded entirely through private money, said Newsom. The winner could get anywhere from $5 to $20 million, depending on the eventual rules of the contest. Whatever technology comes out of it, though, will only be adopted by the state if it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Government, taxpayers don't pay a penny unless they come forward with a solution,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PeterHDiamandis/status/1126926222707937280\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom stressed the need to do something about the increasingly intense wildfires, saying 139 lives were lost last year during California's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fire season\u003c/a>. While he commended firefighters and emergency responders, he also noted firefighting technology has not advanced in years — and it's time for new solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like 'What the hell are we going to do?' And we're just a few weeks away from entering another fire season,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't pushed the boundaries of innovation and technology,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diamandis said the benefit of these prizes is that they draw the best minds from around the world to a problem, even if the sounds crazy or is something no one's thought of before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concept is a fire detection and extinction X Prize. Can we find it and put it out before it grows? How it gets put out — Is it drones? Is it water cannons? Who knows?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the prize may not help Californians this year. Diamandis said it'll take about 100 days to draw up the rules of the contest and to find a sponsor. The goal is to then launch the contest and test products next fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With fire season approaching, Governor Gavin Newsom is looking for new ideas and technologies to stop the growing scourge of wildfires. And those ideas — if they work — could be worth millions of dollars thanks to a new X Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom joined X Prize founder and chairman Peter Diamandis at the Near Future conference in San Diego yesterday to announce a contest looking for innovative technologies to detect and put out fires before they get too big. The contest will be sponsored by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.xprize.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> X Prize Foundation,\u003c/a> best known for awarding multi-million dollar prizes to new private space exploration technologies — like \u003ca href=\"https://www.xprize.org/prizes/google-lunar/articles/xprize-awards-1m-moonshot-award-to-spaceil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Moonshot award\u003c/a> for a lunar orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the other X Prize contests, this firefighting award will be funded entirely through private money, said Newsom. The winner could get anywhere from $5 to $20 million, depending on the eventual rules of the contest. Whatever technology comes out of it, though, will only be adopted by the state if it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Government, taxpayers don't pay a penny unless they come forward with a solution,\" he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom stressed the need to do something about the increasingly intense wildfires, saying 139 lives were lost last year during California's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fire season\u003c/a>. While he commended firefighters and emergency responders, he also noted firefighting technology has not advanced in years — and it's time for new solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like 'What the hell are we going to do?' And we're just a few weeks away from entering another fire season,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't pushed the boundaries of innovation and technology,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diamandis said the benefit of these prizes is that they draw the best minds from around the world to a problem, even if the sounds crazy or is something no one's thought of before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concept is a fire detection and extinction X Prize. Can we find it and put it out before it grows? How it gets put out — Is it drones? Is it water cannons? Who knows?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the prize may not help Californians this year. Diamandis said it'll take about 100 days to draw up the rules of the contest and to find a sponsor. The goal is to then launch the contest and test products next fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.calyxt.com/\">Calyxt\u003c/a>, just outside St. Paul, Minn., wanted to make a new kind of soybean, with oil that's a little healthier — more like olive oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it happens, some wild relatives of soybeans already produce seeds with such \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.calyxt.com/products/high-oleic-soybean/\">high oleic\u003c/a>\" oil — high in monounsaturated fat. It's because a few of their genes have particular mutations, making them slightly different from the typical soybeans that farmers grow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calyxt.com/about-us/management-team/\">Manoj Sahoo\u003c/a>, the company's chief commercial officer, says this led to an obvious question: \"Can we have those same mutations in the modern varieties which are grown by our farmers?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company turned to a gene-editing technique, TALEN, that is similar to a more famous one called CRISPR. Sahoo describes it as a genetic scissors that can go in and cut the soybean plant's DNA very precisely. \"It does the cut, and then it comes out. There is no foreign material or foreign genes in the soybean,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a vital point. If you take genes from another kind of plant, or bacterium, and insert them into a crop like soybeans, the result is considered a genetically modified organism. You need government approval to sell a new GMO. Getting it can take years, and millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you just take a snippet out of a gene without inserting anything new, though, the product falls into a gray area. The European Union has decided that it's still a GMO. The U.S., however, says it's not. In fact, you may not need explicit government approval to sell that product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies and even university researchers can ask the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration to examine their new products, and the results of these voluntary \"consultations\" are public. The USDA has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/biotechnology/am-i-regulated/regulated_article_letters_of_inquiry/regulated_article_letters_of_inquiry\">website\u003c/a>, for example, where one can browse dozens of agency responses to such inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calyxt went through this voluntary process with both the USDA and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GEPlants/Submissions/ucm632246.pdf\">FDA\u003c/a>, and both agencies gave the company's high-oleic soybean a green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it is important to build consumer trust, and also [for] food safety, which is critical, to go through that oversight process,\" Sahoo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, there's a gene-editing company called Cibus, in San Diego, that never asked the USDA or the FDA to formally approve its new line of canola.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the confusion is the fact that this canola was created using an older method of creating genetic mutations. The company induced lots of random mutations in canola plants by multiplying them in the lab in petri dishes. Then it searched for and found exactly the mutation it wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crops altered in this way have never been strictly regulated, so Cibus didn't need government approval for its canola.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://cibus.com/our-team.php\">Peter Beetham\u003c/a>, the CEO of Cibus, goes further. If the company created this same kind of canola using newer gene-editing tools, he says, it also would not require any formal government review. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/biography/gregory-jaffe\">Greg Jaffe\u003c/a>, director of the biotechnology project at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, says it is a troubling precedent. \"I don't think Cibus is violating any law, but I think that it points out the fact that this is a voluntary process, and that in the future, companies may not go through this process,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of consumers will find that unacceptable, he says. Gene editing is new, it's powerful, and people will have a host of questions about it. They'll want to know, for instance, whether their own food is genetically edited. \"The first step in having a discussion about technology is knowing what's out there,\" Jaffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jaffe is \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/news/biotech-blog-national-registry-gene-edited-crops\">calling\u003c/a> on the government to maintain a comprehensive and public list of every gene-edited crop that farmers are harvesting and selling. \"I think that there should be a registry of these products, agricultural products that are going to go on the market, that have been gene-edited,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I reached out to several biotech companies to see what they thought of Jaffe's idea. They were noncommittal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of them said that they do want some kind of government oversight of this technology. They say they have been convinced that it is essential for public acceptance of the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the companies also are trying to avoid anything that suggests to consumers that gene-edited food is somehow different from every other food, and thus perhaps more dangerous. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Gene-Edited+Food+Be+Government+Regulated%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Crops that have had their DNA tweaked with new gene-editing tools are entering the food supply. But governments are struggling to figure out how — or even whether — to regulate them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.calyxt.com/\">Calyxt\u003c/a>, just outside St. Paul, Minn., wanted to make a new kind of soybean, with oil that's a little healthier — more like olive oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it happens, some wild relatives of soybeans already produce seeds with such \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.calyxt.com/products/high-oleic-soybean/\">high oleic\u003c/a>\" oil — high in monounsaturated fat. It's because a few of their genes have particular mutations, making them slightly different from the typical soybeans that farmers grow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calyxt.com/about-us/management-team/\">Manoj Sahoo\u003c/a>, the company's chief commercial officer, says this led to an obvious question: \"Can we have those same mutations in the modern varieties which are grown by our farmers?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company turned to a gene-editing technique, TALEN, that is similar to a more famous one called CRISPR. Sahoo describes it as a genetic scissors that can go in and cut the soybean plant's DNA very precisely. \"It does the cut, and then it comes out. There is no foreign material or foreign genes in the soybean,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a vital point. If you take genes from another kind of plant, or bacterium, and insert them into a crop like soybeans, the result is considered a genetically modified organism. You need government approval to sell a new GMO. Getting it can take years, and millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you just take a snippet out of a gene without inserting anything new, though, the product falls into a gray area. The European Union has decided that it's still a GMO. The U.S., however, says it's not. In fact, you may not need explicit government approval to sell that product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies and even university researchers can ask the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Food and Drug Administration to examine their new products, and the results of these voluntary \"consultations\" are public. The USDA has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/biotechnology/am-i-regulated/regulated_article_letters_of_inquiry/regulated_article_letters_of_inquiry\">website\u003c/a>, for example, where one can browse dozens of agency responses to such inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calyxt went through this voluntary process with both the USDA and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GEPlants/Submissions/ucm632246.pdf\">FDA\u003c/a>, and both agencies gave the company's high-oleic soybean a green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it is important to build consumer trust, and also [for] food safety, which is critical, to go through that oversight process,\" Sahoo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, there's a gene-editing company called Cibus, in San Diego, that never asked the USDA or the FDA to formally approve its new line of canola.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the confusion is the fact that this canola was created using an older method of creating genetic mutations. The company induced lots of random mutations in canola plants by multiplying them in the lab in petri dishes. Then it searched for and found exactly the mutation it wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crops altered in this way have never been strictly regulated, so Cibus didn't need government approval for its canola.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://cibus.com/our-team.php\">Peter Beetham\u003c/a>, the CEO of Cibus, goes further. If the company created this same kind of canola using newer gene-editing tools, he says, it also would not require any formal government review. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/biography/gregory-jaffe\">Greg Jaffe\u003c/a>, director of the biotechnology project at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, says it is a troubling precedent. \"I don't think Cibus is violating any law, but I think that it points out the fact that this is a voluntary process, and that in the future, companies may not go through this process,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of consumers will find that unacceptable, he says. Gene editing is new, it's powerful, and people will have a host of questions about it. They'll want to know, for instance, whether their own food is genetically edited. \"The first step in having a discussion about technology is knowing what's out there,\" Jaffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jaffe is \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/news/biotech-blog-national-registry-gene-edited-crops\">calling\u003c/a> on the government to maintain a comprehensive and public list of every gene-edited crop that farmers are harvesting and selling. \"I think that there should be a registry of these products, agricultural products that are going to go on the market, that have been gene-edited,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I reached out to several biotech companies to see what they thought of Jaffe's idea. They were noncommittal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of them said that they do want some kind of government oversight of this technology. They say they have been convinced that it is essential for public acceptance of the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the companies also are trying to avoid anything that suggests to consumers that gene-edited food is somehow different from every other food, and thus perhaps more dangerous. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Gene-Edited+Food+Be+Government+Regulated%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Thursday, Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled his revised budget, an increase of $4 billion from the first budget he announced in January. He plans to use the additional funds, which come from higher than projected state and corporate tax revenues, to help working families by eliminating sales tax on diapers, for example, and expanding paid family leave up to four months for new parents. The governor also wants to boost the amount the state spends on homelessness programs to $1 billion in the 2019-2020 fiscal year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED Senior Editor of California Politics and Government Scott Shafer spoke with Gov. Newsom about his funding priorities and big, costly challenges ahead, from building affordable housing to fighting deadly wildfires. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Uber IPO and Tech Backlash\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ride-hailing giant Uber went public on Friday with the biggest IPO of the year, valued at $82 billion. Its main rival, Lyft, this week posted a loss of more than $1 billion in its first earnings report as a public company. Meanwhile, Uber and Lyft drivers went on strike during the morning rush-hour commute on Wednesday over wages and labor practices. Also, Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes wrote an op-ed in the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York Times\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on Thursday, joining a growing chorus of voices calling for the tech giant to be broken up or regulated. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kathleen Pender, business columnist, San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Casey Newton, senior editor, The Verge\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Climate Change and Biodiversity\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A new report released by the United Nations this week warns that many as 1 million plant and animal species are at risk of extinction from human activities such as logging, mining and overfishing. Climate change also imperils biodiversity, from ocean acidification that kills off coral reefs to warming temperatures that have threatened the survival of species like polar bears. The report also lays out clear links between biodiversity and human well-being, from food security to clean water for the world’s 7.5 billion people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daniel Kammen, energy professor, UC Berkeley\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tom Steyer, founder and president, NextGen America\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Thursday, Gov. Gavin Newsom unveiled his revised budget, an increase of $4 billion from the first budget he announced in January. He plans to use the additional funds, which come from higher than projected state and corporate tax revenues, to help working families by eliminating sales tax on diapers, for example, and expanding paid family leave up to four months for new parents. The governor also wants to boost the amount the state spends on homelessness programs to $1 billion in the 2019-2020 fiscal year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">KQED Senior Editor of California Politics and Government Scott Shafer spoke with Gov. Newsom about his funding priorities and big, costly challenges ahead, from building affordable housing to fighting deadly wildfires. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Uber IPO and Tech Backlash\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ride-hailing giant Uber went public on Friday with the biggest IPO of the year, valued at $82 billion. Its main rival, Lyft, this week posted a loss of more than $1 billion in its first earnings report as a public company. Meanwhile, Uber and Lyft drivers went on strike during the morning rush-hour commute on Wednesday over wages and labor practices. Also, Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes wrote an op-ed in the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York Times\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on Thursday, joining a growing chorus of voices calling for the tech giant to be broken up or regulated. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kathleen Pender, business columnist, San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Casey Newton, senior editor, The Verge\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Climate Change and Biodiversity\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A new report released by the United Nations this week warns that many as 1 million plant and animal species are at risk of extinction from human activities such as logging, mining and overfishing. Climate change also imperils biodiversity, from ocean acidification that kills off coral reefs to warming temperatures that have threatened the survival of species like polar bears. The report also lays out clear links between biodiversity and human well-being, from food security to clean water for the world’s 7.5 billion people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Uber's Eye-Popping IPO Approaches. Is it Really Worth $90 Billion?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Uber will go public on Friday in a highly anticipated initial public offering that will be the largest since 2014 — and one of the biggest in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After speculation that the ride-hailing company could be valued at as high as $120 billion, Uber is now targeting a valuation of $80 billion to $90 billion. At the same time, it has never made a profit — and has instead been burning through cash at a prodigious rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Uber IPO coverage\" tag=\"ipo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has grown massively in the decade since its founding and has footprints around the world. Its wild success has made Uber a household name — not just synonymous with ride-hailing but shorthand for any app that offers a service on demand: \"Uber, but for laundry,\" \"Uber, but for dog-walking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And these days, Uber itself is the Uber for a lot more than ride-hailing. Uber Eats is Uber, but for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/10/23/658436657/ubers-online-only-restaurants-the-future-or-the-end-of-dining-out\">takeout\u003c/a>. Uber Freight is Uber, but for shipping. Jump is Uber, but for electric bikes and scooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a company that's fighting a lot of battles on a lot of fronts,\" says Tom White, an analyst at D.A. Davidson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been expensive for Uber to expand into all those new markets. And the company has burned through money while keeping rates low to compete with its numerous rivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has mastered the art of rapid growth. But how can it pivot to become a profitable company?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the $100 billion question,\" says Ygal Arounian, an equity analyst at Wedbush Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Uber is losing money, and you have to have a little bit of a vision to see them taking that revenue and start turning it into profit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Arounian and White are optimistic about Uber's chances — eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has sheer scale on its side, giving it a balance sheet that will let it wait out competitors. And once rivals have dropped out or consolidated, Uber can stop spending so much on discounts and coupons (thus effectively raising prices for users) and start bringing in more money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arounian also notes that there's an advantage to being the Uber for everything. If drivers work for multiple Uber platforms — for example, for ride-hailing and for Uber Eats — they can fill a day more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"During peak driving times, that driver is picking people up and dropping them off,\" Arounian says. \"Lunchtime kicks in — they're dropping off food. Switch back on during the evening rush hour to drop people off, and then they could do dinner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gives Uber an edge over companies that offer just one service. Cut some expenses, find a way to spend less on insurance, eventually roll out self-driving cars, and you may have a recipe for profits, Arounian says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's reason to be skeptical. To make this recipe work, Uber has to crush a small army of competitors. And when it comes to self-driving cars, there are huge obstacles, including not just technical challenges but also a maze of regulatory hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts who believe in Uber's future profits emphasize that they're talking about the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, aside from the minor detail that it burns billions of dollars each year, Uber has other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers have complained about their pay. On Wednesday, drivers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/08/721333408/uber-and-lyft-drivers-are-striking-and-call-on-passengers-to-boycott\">went on strike \u003c/a>and protested in cities across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Hicks was on strike in Los Angeles. He noted that Uber recently cut driver per-mile pay by 25% in that city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My main concern is making sure that each and every individual driver makes enough money to put food on the table, to pay the bills,\" Hicks said, standing at the protest at Los Angeles International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some drivers have called to be treated like employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/17/415262801/california-labor-commission-rules-uber-driver-is-an-employee-not-a-contractor\">not contractors\u003c/a>, which would hurt Uber financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is Uber's dented brand. The company was long famous for openly flouting laws. Its corporate culture was toxic. Women who worked at Uber have reported rampant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/06/531806891/uber-fires-20-employees-after-sexual-harassment-claim-investigation\">sexual harassment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/06/21/533791446/after-ceo-resignation-is-uber-kalanick-less-or-kalanick-free\">ousted co-founder Travis Kalanick\u003c/a> as CEO and replaced him with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/27/546621735/uber-picks-new-ceo-expedias-dara-khosrowshahi\">Dara Khosrowshahi\u003c/a>, who has been tasked with cleaning up shop — and, with some of Uber's reputation restored, taking the company public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the IPO approaches, Uber has tempered expectations slightly. Lyft's IPO in March is a bit of a cautionary tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's smaller ride-sharing rival set an ambitious price for its shares. After an initial pop, Lyft's stock slid dramatically. It has dropped nearly 30% from its IPO price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Uber prepares to follow Lyft into the stock market, it's \u003cem>not\u003c/em> aiming for a $120 billion valuation, like some analysts had previously floated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with a total value of $80 billion to $90 billion, this will be the largest IPO in five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Uber%27s+Eye-Popping+IPO+Approaches.+Is+It+Really+Worth+%2490+Billion%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Uber will go public on Friday in a highly anticipated initial public offering that will be the largest since 2014 — and one of the biggest in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After speculation that the ride-hailing company could be valued at as high as $120 billion, Uber is now targeting a valuation of $80 billion to $90 billion. At the same time, it has never made a profit — and has instead been burning through cash at a prodigious rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has grown massively in the decade since its founding and has footprints around the world. Its wild success has made Uber a household name — not just synonymous with ride-hailing but shorthand for any app that offers a service on demand: \"Uber, but for laundry,\" \"Uber, but for dog-walking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And these days, Uber itself is the Uber for a lot more than ride-hailing. Uber Eats is Uber, but for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/10/23/658436657/ubers-online-only-restaurants-the-future-or-the-end-of-dining-out\">takeout\u003c/a>. Uber Freight is Uber, but for shipping. Jump is Uber, but for electric bikes and scooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a company that's fighting a lot of battles on a lot of fronts,\" says Tom White, an analyst at D.A. Davidson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been expensive for Uber to expand into all those new markets. And the company has burned through money while keeping rates low to compete with its numerous rivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has mastered the art of rapid growth. But how can it pivot to become a profitable company?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the $100 billion question,\" says Ygal Arounian, an equity analyst at Wedbush Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Uber is losing money, and you have to have a little bit of a vision to see them taking that revenue and start turning it into profit,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Arounian and White are optimistic about Uber's chances — eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has sheer scale on its side, giving it a balance sheet that will let it wait out competitors. And once rivals have dropped out or consolidated, Uber can stop spending so much on discounts and coupons (thus effectively raising prices for users) and start bringing in more money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arounian also notes that there's an advantage to being the Uber for everything. If drivers work for multiple Uber platforms — for example, for ride-hailing and for Uber Eats — they can fill a day more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"During peak driving times, that driver is picking people up and dropping them off,\" Arounian says. \"Lunchtime kicks in — they're dropping off food. Switch back on during the evening rush hour to drop people off, and then they could do dinner.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gives Uber an edge over companies that offer just one service. Cut some expenses, find a way to spend less on insurance, eventually roll out self-driving cars, and you may have a recipe for profits, Arounian says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's reason to be skeptical. To make this recipe work, Uber has to crush a small army of competitors. And when it comes to self-driving cars, there are huge obstacles, including not just technical challenges but also a maze of regulatory hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts who believe in Uber's future profits emphasize that they're talking about the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, aside from the minor detail that it burns billions of dollars each year, Uber has other challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers have complained about their pay. On Wednesday, drivers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/08/721333408/uber-and-lyft-drivers-are-striking-and-call-on-passengers-to-boycott\">went on strike \u003c/a>and protested in cities across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Hicks was on strike in Los Angeles. He noted that Uber recently cut driver per-mile pay by 25% in that city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My main concern is making sure that each and every individual driver makes enough money to put food on the table, to pay the bills,\" Hicks said, standing at the protest at Los Angeles International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some drivers have called to be treated like employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/17/415262801/california-labor-commission-rules-uber-driver-is-an-employee-not-a-contractor\">not contractors\u003c/a>, which would hurt Uber financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there is Uber's dented brand. The company was long famous for openly flouting laws. Its corporate culture was toxic. Women who worked at Uber have reported rampant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/06/531806891/uber-fires-20-employees-after-sexual-harassment-claim-investigation\">sexual harassment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/06/21/533791446/after-ceo-resignation-is-uber-kalanick-less-or-kalanick-free\">ousted co-founder Travis Kalanick\u003c/a> as CEO and replaced him with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/08/27/546621735/uber-picks-new-ceo-expedias-dara-khosrowshahi\">Dara Khosrowshahi\u003c/a>, who has been tasked with cleaning up shop — and, with some of Uber's reputation restored, taking the company public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the IPO approaches, Uber has tempered expectations slightly. Lyft's IPO in March is a bit of a cautionary tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's smaller ride-sharing rival set an ambitious price for its shares. After an initial pop, Lyft's stock slid dramatically. It has dropped nearly 30% from its IPO price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Uber prepares to follow Lyft into the stock market, it's \u003cem>not\u003c/em> aiming for a $120 billion valuation, like some analysts had previously floated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with a total value of $80 billion to $90 billion, this will be the largest IPO in five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Uber%27s+Eye-Popping+IPO+Approaches.+Is+It+Really+Worth+%2490+Billion%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As Facebook Pivots to Private Platforms, How Will We Monitor Fake News and Hate Speech?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last week, Facebook used its developer conference \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FacebookforDevelopers/videos/422572928569998/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F8\u003c/a> to unveil a new mantra: The future is private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='facebook' label='More Coverage of Facebook']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg promised to refocus the company on its private messaging products like Messenger, WhatsApp and Stories. “As the world gets bigger and more connected, we need that sense of intimacy more than ever,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in this brave new world of encrypted messaging, how are researchers, regulators and even Facebook itself supposed to keep track of things like fake news, harassment and race baiting? Especially when Silicon Valley social media giants have proven \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702575/silicon-valley-is-trying-to-prevent-hate-speech-is-it-working\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ineffective thus far\u003c/a> doing so on public platforms?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week alone, Facebook is fending off embarrassing headlines about \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/08/tech/instagram-vaccine-misinformation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaccine misinformation\u003c/a> on Instagram and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f97c24dab4f34bd0b48b36f2988952a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically generated videos\u003c/a> celebrating extremist images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of civil liberties advocates say it’s about time. \u003ca href=\"https://globalvoices.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Voices\u003c/a> Executive Director Ivan Sigal wrote, “Strong encryption and privacy is a bedrock concept. Those who want to see encryption weakened are usually state security agencies, police forces and authoritarian governments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that context, Sigal argued, “Journalists, human rights groups and similar need privacy and strong encryption to do their work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/xK0RwubFi-U\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ian Sherr, editor-at-large of CNET News, said it’s not such a bad thing for us to switch to platforms where it’s on us to police ourselves. “What do we feel is appropriate, what isn’t, and how do we draw these lines? Right now, we’re abdicating that to Facebook and Twitter and YouTube and Instagram and all these other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also true that social media giants make most of their money from advertising, and advertising favors virality. So, the thinking goes, platforms that don’t incentivize virality might reduce the structural appeal to Silicon Valley media giants of helping spread misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp is encrypted now. Facebook is promising Messenger and Instagram Direct will become so, too. It’s not impossible for social media giants to \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@gzanon/no-end-to-end-encryption-does-not-prevent-facebook-from-accessing-whatsapp-chats-d7c6508731b2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eavesdrop\u003c/a> on encrypted conversations: by saving a record of everything in a non-encrypted environment, where artificial intelligence can look for keywords and trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But keeping up with problematic content is going to be a lot harder unless somebody inside the conversation flags it for Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Closed messaging apps are a completely different beast to regulate and watch,” said Robyn Caplan, a media and information policy scholar at the \u003ca href=\"https://points.datasociety.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data and Society research institute\u003c/a> in New York. “You can have a WhatsApp group that has two people, and you can have a WhatsApp group that has 250 people. The latter means that disinformation can often spread a lot faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/01/22/whatsapp-is-trying-clamp-down-viral-misinformation-with-messaging-limit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has taken steps\u003c/a> to reduce the spread of fake news on WhatsApp, which has fueled mob violence in countries like \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/how-whatsapp-fuels-fake-news-and-violence-in-india/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-facebook.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myanmar\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46145986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexico\u003c/a>. That’s even though 90% of WhatsApp messages are between two users. In January, Facebook limited how many WhatsApp conversations you can forward messages to at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/about/people/riana-pfefferkorn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riana Pfefferkorn\u003c/a>, associate director of Surveillance and Cybersecurity at the Stanford Center for Internet and Society, points out old-fashioned gum shoe work still has value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, when researchers/law enforcement/etc. want to keep tabs on groups that use private messaging channels (to organize, plot, etc.), they infiltrate encrypted chat channels (e.g. Telegram) so that they can observe, as ‘plainclothes’ participants, the activity of others in the channel,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Levin, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://csbs.csusb.edu/hate-and-extremism-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism\u003c/a>, added individuals who want to make a big splash online will still seek out public platforms over private ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of these guys don’t have a big social circle, even on affinity-based social media. In this new chapter in the holy book of evil, all they have to do is be violent and they’re on TV and public radio,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These platforms are going to continue to police content, and what we need is more oversight to understand what they’re doing behind the scenes. Because if not, it’s really just left up to them entirely,” Caplan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Left up to us, as individuals using these private platforms. Because social media companies have a history of dragging their feet as content screeners until publicly pressured to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week, Facebook used its developer conference \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FacebookforDevelopers/videos/422572928569998/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">F8\u003c/a> to unveil a new mantra: The future is private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg promised to refocus the company on its private messaging products like Messenger, WhatsApp and Stories. “As the world gets bigger and more connected, we need that sense of intimacy more than ever,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in this brave new world of encrypted messaging, how are researchers, regulators and even Facebook itself supposed to keep track of things like fake news, harassment and race baiting? Especially when Silicon Valley social media giants have proven \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702575/silicon-valley-is-trying-to-prevent-hate-speech-is-it-working\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ineffective thus far\u003c/a> doing so on public platforms?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week alone, Facebook is fending off embarrassing headlines about \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/08/tech/instagram-vaccine-misinformation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaccine misinformation\u003c/a> on Instagram and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/f97c24dab4f34bd0b48b36f2988952a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically generated videos\u003c/a> celebrating extremist images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of civil liberties advocates say it’s about time. \u003ca href=\"https://globalvoices.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Voices\u003c/a> Executive Director Ivan Sigal wrote, “Strong encryption and privacy is a bedrock concept. Those who want to see encryption weakened are usually state security agencies, police forces and authoritarian governments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that context, Sigal argued, “Journalists, human rights groups and similar need privacy and strong encryption to do their work.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xK0RwubFi-U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xK0RwubFi-U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Ian Sherr, editor-at-large of CNET News, said it’s not such a bad thing for us to switch to platforms where it’s on us to police ourselves. “What do we feel is appropriate, what isn’t, and how do we draw these lines? Right now, we’re abdicating that to Facebook and Twitter and YouTube and Instagram and all these other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also true that social media giants make most of their money from advertising, and advertising favors virality. So, the thinking goes, platforms that don’t incentivize virality might reduce the structural appeal to Silicon Valley media giants of helping spread misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp is encrypted now. Facebook is promising Messenger and Instagram Direct will become so, too. It’s not impossible for social media giants to \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@gzanon/no-end-to-end-encryption-does-not-prevent-facebook-from-accessing-whatsapp-chats-d7c6508731b2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eavesdrop\u003c/a> on encrypted conversations: by saving a record of everything in a non-encrypted environment, where artificial intelligence can look for keywords and trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But keeping up with problematic content is going to be a lot harder unless somebody inside the conversation flags it for Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Closed messaging apps are a completely different beast to regulate and watch,” said Robyn Caplan, a media and information policy scholar at the \u003ca href=\"https://points.datasociety.net\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Data and Society research institute\u003c/a> in New York. “You can have a WhatsApp group that has two people, and you can have a WhatsApp group that has 250 people. The latter means that disinformation can often spread a lot faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/01/22/whatsapp-is-trying-clamp-down-viral-misinformation-with-messaging-limit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has taken steps\u003c/a> to reduce the spread of fake news on WhatsApp, which has fueled mob violence in countries like \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/how-whatsapp-fuels-fake-news-and-violence-in-india/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">India\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-facebook.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Myanmar\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-46145986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexico\u003c/a>. That’s even though 90% of WhatsApp messages are between two users. In January, Facebook limited how many WhatsApp conversations you can forward messages to at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/about/people/riana-pfefferkorn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Riana Pfefferkorn\u003c/a>, associate director of Surveillance and Cybersecurity at the Stanford Center for Internet and Society, points out old-fashioned gum shoe work still has value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, when researchers/law enforcement/etc. want to keep tabs on groups that use private messaging channels (to organize, plot, etc.), they infiltrate encrypted chat channels (e.g. Telegram) so that they can observe, as ‘plainclothes’ participants, the activity of others in the channel,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Levin, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://csbs.csusb.edu/hate-and-extremism-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for the Study of Hate and Extremism\u003c/a>, added individuals who want to make a big splash online will still seek out public platforms over private ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of these guys don’t have a big social circle, even on affinity-based social media. In this new chapter in the holy book of evil, all they have to do is be violent and they’re on TV and public radio,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These platforms are going to continue to police content, and what we need is more oversight to understand what they’re doing behind the scenes. Because if not, it’s really just left up to them entirely,” Caplan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Left up to us, as individuals using these private platforms. Because social media companies have a history of dragging their feet as content screeners until publicly pressured to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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