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"content": "\u003cp>By G.W. Schulz, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 10 years ago, Robert Gold sought to do what many Americans have dreamed of their whole lives: patent an idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/13/google-cuts-4000-jobs-at-motorola-mobility/googleworkers-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-73030\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/GoogleWorkers1.jpg\" alt=\"More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gold developed a breakthrough in wireless communications that would help people speak to one another with less interference and greater security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it disappeared like a dropped call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense concluded that his invention could be a national security threat in the wrong hands and slapped Gold’s patent application with a so-called “secrecy order” in 2002, which prevented him from discussing the technology with anyone. Five years later, his attorney succeeded in lifting the order, but by then, it was too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The window of opportunity, I believed, had really passed during those years,” Gold said. “So we have not been successful at commercializing the idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold stresses today that he didn’t oppose the government’s position – public knowledge about covert communications techniques could undermine the military. The federal government sponsored his research and retained the right to use the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also promoted an incentive by granting Gold shared patent rights, meaning he could file an application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and seek to commercialize the idea. Accomplishing that, however, required petitioning to have the secrecy order lifted as the years passed with his invention living in the shadows. \u003c!--more-->\u003cstrong>Powers Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a common refrain in the stump speeches of politicians that America is a nation of ideas, but Congress decided in 1951 that some of those ideas must nonetheless be kept hidden. Today, as Silicon Valley and other innovation centers churn out thousands of patents a year, some lawmakers wonder whether the government should have broader powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is known about secrecy orders is largely the result of Freedom of Information Act requests filed by groups like the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, nonpartisan think tank. Those documents show that the overall number of secrecy orders has steadily increased in recent years, totaling more than 5,300 by 2012, with some of them in effect for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of patent applications are manually examined each year under the Invention Secrecy Act and referred for a final decision to the Pentagon, National Security Agency, Department of Justice and, more recently, Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the patent owner’s perspective, you’re stuck in this legal limbo where the government) says you’ve got this valid invention, but there’s nothing you can do with it until maybe decades later,” said Mark Lemley, a technology law professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secrecy orders are rare, but violating one can result in prison time.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA California man named James Constant filed his patent application in 1969 for radar technology that could track shipping containers, packages or components traveling along an assembly line. After his secrecy order was eventually lifted in 1971, Constant sought damages from the government, arguing that he couldn’t capitalize on the idea. When it reached trial years later in 1982, the court ruled against him, concluding that a “lack of business experience” impeded his chance of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Constant said from his home in Claremont that the secrecy order caused him to incur “a substantial financial loss” and set him back for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the secrecy order was put on my patent, I had the only viable technology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each case, the legal headaches occurred only after the inventor had spent no small amount of time and resources developing the idea in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a Cold War approach to secrecy orders,” said Pat Choate, an economist and intellectual property expert. “If a secrecy order is imposed, you wind up with the inventor effectively having the technology taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemley and others understand why defense officials might want to shield cryptographic technology that could prevent the government from secretly eavesdropping on the conversations for foreign enemies. But modern encryption can also protect consumers from identity thieves and allow human rights activists living under abusive regimes to communicate more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troubled by the threat of economic espionage from countries like China, lawmakers are asking if some inventions are so essential to the health of the nation’s economy that they, too, should be locked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., directed the Patent and Trademark Office to consider whether secrecy orders should be extended for inventions that are not tied to the nation’s defense but could harm the economy if stolen, counterfeited and sold. Officials responded in April 2012 by asking the public what it thought and got skepticism from intellectual property and secrecy experts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMarket Forces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who’s going to make the determination that something is economically viable? It’s usually the market making that determination,” said Robert Stoll, who retired as the nation’s patent commissioner in 2011 before joining a private practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoll said such a move would do its own damage to the economy, and the nation would be better off filing patent applications in foreign countries and taking China or other violators before the World Trade Organization if they fail to honor intellectual property agreements now in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Culligan, legislative director for Wolf, countered that achieving recourse from the World Trade Organization can take far too long. The congressman’s goal was, first, to review secrecy orders in general after years of inattention from Congress and, second, to force the federal government to examine how strong present protections are for America’s most important ideas, Culligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to start a conversation. We weren’t necessarily prescribing a solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, an inventor can seek compensation if defense agencies choose to use the idea or if the applicant can prove damages were suffered by not being permitted to take it to the marketplace. But the process for doing so is arduous, economist Choate said. Among other things, evidence confirming the government simply took an inventor’s idea could itself be considered secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Hoffberg has handled one secrecy order in his 23 years as an intellectual property attorney. But that order was enough to threaten his client’s idea for a technology that could detect objects, including, potentially, stealth aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg’s client, James Greer of Alabama, lived under a secrecy order for eight years after his application was filed in 2000. During that time, it would have been a challenge to explore whether the idea could be exported to strategic allies of the United States as an anti-stealth technology, let alone identify possibilities outside of the defense community. Those possibilities included object tracking for “smarter” highways of the future and next-generation communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg argues that it was unjustified for the order to be in place for such a long period of time and that at least by 2004, the application would not have given adversaries a strategic advantage.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n‘No Value’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They kept us from fulfilling the purpose of the patent, which was to make an investment to bring a product to market,” Hoffberg said. “ … If the government wasn’t going to buy the product from us and wasn’t going to let us sell it commercially, we basically had no value.”\u003cbr>\nChoate and others want the government to stop publishing applications until a formal patent is issued, and if the application is denied, they want it destroyed so the inventor has a chance to try again or guard it as a trade secret and ultimately reap the rewards before it’s stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to secrecy orders, many of the technologies were backed by defense agencies to begin with. So it’s less of a surprise if such an order exists for the technical components of a nuclear weapons system, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dozens of so-called “John Doe” secrecy orders are issued each year, affecting private individuals and businesses that might never enjoy a payoff from their invention, even though the government has no explicit interest in the technology. John Doe orders reached a high of almost 100 in 1998, though the annual number has declined in the new millennium, according to the Federation of American Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the next Google hiding behind a secrecy order? It seems highly unlikely, but because of the shroud of secrecy, no one can know for sure, said science historian Alex Wellerstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even one hidden technology carrying possible benefits for society that are not defense-related is enough to undermine the purpose of patents – encouraging invention. He and other experts want at least the criteria used for issuing secrecy orders made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law says it just has to be detrimental to national security, which is vague,” Wellerstein said. “That doesn’t mean anything. It’d be nice if you had to actually pass (the patent application) to people who have business experience, not just people who make weapons and have a tendency of seeing lots of things as dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was edited by Robert Salladay and copy edited by Nikki Frick and Christine Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit www.cironline.org. Schulz can be reached at gwschulz@cironline.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By G.W. Schulz, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 10 years ago, Robert Gold sought to do what many Americans have dreamed of their whole lives: patent an idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/13/google-cuts-4000-jobs-at-motorola-mobility/googleworkers-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-73030\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/GoogleWorkers1.jpg\" alt=\"More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gold developed a breakthrough in wireless communications that would help people speak to one another with less interference and greater security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it disappeared like a dropped call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense concluded that his invention could be a national security threat in the wrong hands and slapped Gold’s patent application with a so-called “secrecy order” in 2002, which prevented him from discussing the technology with anyone. Five years later, his attorney succeeded in lifting the order, but by then, it was too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The window of opportunity, I believed, had really passed during those years,” Gold said. “So we have not been successful at commercializing the idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold stresses today that he didn’t oppose the government’s position – public knowledge about covert communications techniques could undermine the military. The federal government sponsored his research and retained the right to use the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also promoted an incentive by granting Gold shared patent rights, meaning he could file an application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and seek to commercialize the idea. Accomplishing that, however, required petitioning to have the secrecy order lifted as the years passed with his invention living in the shadows. \u003c!--more-->\u003cstrong>Powers Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a common refrain in the stump speeches of politicians that America is a nation of ideas, but Congress decided in 1951 that some of those ideas must nonetheless be kept hidden. Today, as Silicon Valley and other innovation centers churn out thousands of patents a year, some lawmakers wonder whether the government should have broader powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is known about secrecy orders is largely the result of Freedom of Information Act requests filed by groups like the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, nonpartisan think tank. Those documents show that the overall number of secrecy orders has steadily increased in recent years, totaling more than 5,300 by 2012, with some of them in effect for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of patent applications are manually examined each year under the Invention Secrecy Act and referred for a final decision to the Pentagon, National Security Agency, Department of Justice and, more recently, Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the patent owner’s perspective, you’re stuck in this legal limbo where the government) says you’ve got this valid invention, but there’s nothing you can do with it until maybe decades later,” said Mark Lemley, a technology law professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secrecy orders are rare, but violating one can result in prison time.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA California man named James Constant filed his patent application in 1969 for radar technology that could track shipping containers, packages or components traveling along an assembly line. After his secrecy order was eventually lifted in 1971, Constant sought damages from the government, arguing that he couldn’t capitalize on the idea. When it reached trial years later in 1982, the court ruled against him, concluding that a “lack of business experience” impeded his chance of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Constant said from his home in Claremont that the secrecy order caused him to incur “a substantial financial loss” and set him back for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the secrecy order was put on my patent, I had the only viable technology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each case, the legal headaches occurred only after the inventor had spent no small amount of time and resources developing the idea in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a Cold War approach to secrecy orders,” said Pat Choate, an economist and intellectual property expert. “If a secrecy order is imposed, you wind up with the inventor effectively having the technology taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemley and others understand why defense officials might want to shield cryptographic technology that could prevent the government from secretly eavesdropping on the conversations for foreign enemies. But modern encryption can also protect consumers from identity thieves and allow human rights activists living under abusive regimes to communicate more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troubled by the threat of economic espionage from countries like China, lawmakers are asking if some inventions are so essential to the health of the nation’s economy that they, too, should be locked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., directed the Patent and Trademark Office to consider whether secrecy orders should be extended for inventions that are not tied to the nation’s defense but could harm the economy if stolen, counterfeited and sold. Officials responded in April 2012 by asking the public what it thought and got skepticism from intellectual property and secrecy experts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMarket Forces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who’s going to make the determination that something is economically viable? It’s usually the market making that determination,” said Robert Stoll, who retired as the nation’s patent commissioner in 2011 before joining a private practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoll said such a move would do its own damage to the economy, and the nation would be better off filing patent applications in foreign countries and taking China or other violators before the World Trade Organization if they fail to honor intellectual property agreements now in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Culligan, legislative director for Wolf, countered that achieving recourse from the World Trade Organization can take far too long. The congressman’s goal was, first, to review secrecy orders in general after years of inattention from Congress and, second, to force the federal government to examine how strong present protections are for America’s most important ideas, Culligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to start a conversation. We weren’t necessarily prescribing a solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, an inventor can seek compensation if defense agencies choose to use the idea or if the applicant can prove damages were suffered by not being permitted to take it to the marketplace. But the process for doing so is arduous, economist Choate said. Among other things, evidence confirming the government simply took an inventor’s idea could itself be considered secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Hoffberg has handled one secrecy order in his 23 years as an intellectual property attorney. But that order was enough to threaten his client’s idea for a technology that could detect objects, including, potentially, stealth aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg’s client, James Greer of Alabama, lived under a secrecy order for eight years after his application was filed in 2000. During that time, it would have been a challenge to explore whether the idea could be exported to strategic allies of the United States as an anti-stealth technology, let alone identify possibilities outside of the defense community. Those possibilities included object tracking for “smarter” highways of the future and next-generation communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg argues that it was unjustified for the order to be in place for such a long period of time and that at least by 2004, the application would not have given adversaries a strategic advantage.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n‘No Value’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They kept us from fulfilling the purpose of the patent, which was to make an investment to bring a product to market,” Hoffberg said. “ … If the government wasn’t going to buy the product from us and wasn’t going to let us sell it commercially, we basically had no value.”\u003cbr>\nChoate and others want the government to stop publishing applications until a formal patent is issued, and if the application is denied, they want it destroyed so the inventor has a chance to try again or guard it as a trade secret and ultimately reap the rewards before it’s stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to secrecy orders, many of the technologies were backed by defense agencies to begin with. So it’s less of a surprise if such an order exists for the technical components of a nuclear weapons system, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dozens of so-called “John Doe” secrecy orders are issued each year, affecting private individuals and businesses that might never enjoy a payoff from their invention, even though the government has no explicit interest in the technology. John Doe orders reached a high of almost 100 in 1998, though the annual number has declined in the new millennium, according to the Federation of American Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the next Google hiding behind a secrecy order? It seems highly unlikely, but because of the shroud of secrecy, no one can know for sure, said science historian Alex Wellerstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even one hidden technology carrying possible benefits for society that are not defense-related is enough to undermine the purpose of patents – encouraging invention. He and other experts want at least the criteria used for issuing secrecy orders made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law says it just has to be detrimental to national security, which is vague,” Wellerstein said. “That doesn’t mean anything. It’d be nice if you had to actually pass (the patent application) to people who have business experience, not just people who make weapons and have a tendency of seeing lots of things as dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was edited by Robert Salladay and copy edited by Nikki Frick and Christine Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit www.cironline.org. Schulz can be reached at gwschulz@cironline.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Boston Marathon Explosions, California Officials Examine Security at Home",
"title": "After Boston Marathon Explosions, California Officials Examine Security at Home",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94295\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/multiple-people-injured-after-explosions-near-finish-line-at-boston-marathon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94295\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94295\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/166665912-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department of Justice, is searching for ties to any activity in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This event has got all of our fusion centers ... diligently combing through information and looking at the news reports,\" said Kelly Huston, the center's spokesman. \"At this point there isn’t anything from Boston that’s relevant to California, but we continue to be looking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area police departments are also on heightened alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, officers near critical infrastructure and in crowded areas such as Union Square, Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street are remaining \"extra vigilant,\" said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no credible threat or any threat whatsoever in San Francisco at all,\" Esparza said. \"This is merely a safety precaution in response to what occurred in Boston.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, police officers have been briefed and told to remain vigilant. The Oakland Police Department said in a press release that it will have extra officers at sporting events and that it is coordinating with the BART Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both departments also have put out calls to the public, urging people to call 911 or approach a uniformed officer if they see something suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With San Francisco's Bay to Breakers scheduled for May 19, the city is taking extra precautions. SFPD will be working with organizers and analyzing the security situation in Boston to figure out what changes are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esparza said the department will be doing sweeps for bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our K-9s go around the area. They're trained highly in any type of bomb detection,\" he said. \"There's a possibility we can use some mechanical apparatuses that our bomb detection [team] has that we can also use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California. California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department",
"title": "After Boston Marathon Explosions, California Officials Examine Security at Home | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94295\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/multiple-people-injured-after-explosions-near-finish-line-at-boston-marathon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94295\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94295\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/166665912-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department of Justice, is searching for ties to any activity in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This event has got all of our fusion centers ... diligently combing through information and looking at the news reports,\" said Kelly Huston, the center's spokesman. \"At this point there isn’t anything from Boston that’s relevant to California, but we continue to be looking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area police departments are also on heightened alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, officers near critical infrastructure and in crowded areas such as Union Square, Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street are remaining \"extra vigilant,\" said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no credible threat or any threat whatsoever in San Francisco at all,\" Esparza said. \"This is merely a safety precaution in response to what occurred in Boston.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, police officers have been briefed and told to remain vigilant. The Oakland Police Department said in a press release that it will have extra officers at sporting events and that it is coordinating with the BART Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both departments also have put out calls to the public, urging people to call 911 or approach a uniformed officer if they see something suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With San Francisco's Bay to Breakers scheduled for May 19, the city is taking extra precautions. SFPD will be working with organizers and analyzing the security situation in Boston to figure out what changes are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esparza said the department will be doing sweeps for bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our K-9s go around the area. They're trained highly in any type of bomb detection,\" he said. \"There's a possibility we can use some mechanical apparatuses that our bomb detection [team] has that we can also use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "(Updates) 3 Killed, More Than 170 Wounded in Boston Marathon Explosions",
"title": "(Updates) 3 Killed, More Than 170 Wounded in Boston Marathon Explosions",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Two explosions killed 3 people and injured more than 170 at the finish of the Boston Marathon on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2,000 racers were participating from California with friends and family present, and several of these eye-witnesses gave us their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/boston-marathon-blasts-bay-area-witnesses-share-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\">accounts\u003c/a>. Among those injured was a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/16/11-year-old-martinez-boy-injured-in-boston-bombings/\">boy from Martinez\u003c/a>, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack has prompted officials in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/\" target=\"_blank\">California to increase security\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Contact lines and numbers\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBoston city line for friends and family of Boston Marathon attendees: 617-635-4500\u003cbr>\nTipline: 800-494-TIPS\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can look up racers by name and home town or state on the \u003ca href=\"http://baa.org/individual.html\" target=\"_blank\">Boston Marathon site. \u003c/a>(Similar information is displayed differently \u003ca href=\"http://raceday.baa.org/searchable-results.html\">here.)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can get information about the well-being of people who were at the marathon from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcross.org/find-help/contact-family/register-safe-listing\" target=\"_blank\">Red Cross\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can search for people using the \u003ca href=\"http://google.org/personfinder/2013-boston-explosions/\" target=\"_blank\">Google Person Finder\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Ongoing coverage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Boston's NPR station, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2013/04/16/fbi-seeks-images-in-boston-marathon-bomb-inquiry\" target=\"_blank\">WBUR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Boston Globe\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/16/177427130/boston-marathon-explosions-latest-developments\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94219\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/2-explosions-hit-boston-marathon/explosions-at-117th-boston-marathon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94219\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94219\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/boston-marathon-explosions-300x267.jpg\" alt=\"The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update at 2:48 PM Pacific Time Tuesday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>by Eileen Sullivan and Jay Lindsay, The Associated Press\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOSTON (AP) — The bombs that ripped through the Boston Marathon crowd appear to have been fashioned out of ordinary kitchen pressure cookers, packed with nails and other fiendishly lethal shrapnel, and hidden in duffel bags left on the ground, investigators and others close to the case said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama branded the attack an act of terrorism, whether carried out by a solo bomber or group, and the FBI vowed to \"go to the ends of the Earth\" to find out who did it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of victims remained in Boston hospitals, many with grievous injuries, a day after the twin explosions near the marathon's finish line killed three people, wounded more than 170 and reawakened fears of terrorism. A 9-year-old girl and 10-year-old boy were among 17 victims listed in critical condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials found that the bombs consisted of explosives put in common 1.6-gallon pressure cookers, one containing shards of metal and ball bearings, the other packed with nails, according to a person close to the investigation who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation was still going on. Both bombs were stuffed into duffel bags, the person said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a news conference, FBI agent Richard DesLauriers, FBI agent in charge in Boston, confirmed that investigators had found pieces of black nylon from a bag or backpack and fragments of BBs and nails, possibly contained in a pressure cooker. He said the items were sent to the FBI for analysis at Quantico, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in international terrorism, and have been recommended for lone-wolf operatives by Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen. But information on how to make the bombs is readily found online, and U.S. officials said Americans should not rush to judgment in linking the attack to overseas terrorists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DesLauriers said that there had been no claim of responsibility for the attack, and that the range of suspects and motives was \"wide open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the day, he and other law enforcement authorities asked members of the public to come forward with any video or photos from the marathon or anything suspicious they might have witnessed, such as hearing someone express an interest in explosives or a desire to attack the marathon, or seeing someone carrying a dark heavy bag at the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Someone knows who did this,\" the FBI agent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombs exploded 10 or more seconds apart, tearing off victims' limbs and spattering streets with blood, instantly turning the festive race into a hellish scene of confusion, horror and heroics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blasts killed 8-year-old Martin Richard of Boston, 29-year-old Krystle Campbell of Medford, Mass., and a third victim, identified only as a graduate student at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors who treated the wounded corroborated reports that the bombs were packed with shrapnel intended to cause mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've removed BBs and we've removed nails from kids. One of the sickest things for me was just to see nails sticking out of a little girl's body,\" said Dr. David Mooney, director of the trauma center at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Massachusetts General Hospital, all four amputations performed there were above the knee, with no hope of saving more of the legs, said Dr. George Velmahos, chief of trauma surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a hard decision to make,\" he said. \"We just completed the ugly job that the bomb did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama plans to visit Boston on Thursday to attend an interfaith service in honor of the victims. He has traveled four times to cities reeling from mass violence, most recently in December after the schoolhouse shooting in Newtown, Conn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the attack, security was stepped up around the White House and across the country. Police massed at federal buildings and transit centers in the nation's capital, critical response teams deployed in New York City, and security officers with bomb-sniffing dogs spread through Chicago's Union Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano urged Americans \"to be vigilant and to listen to directions from state and local officials.\" But she said there was no evidence the bombings were part of a wider plot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, according to a July 2010 intelligence report by the FBI and the Homeland Security Department. One of the three devices used in the May 2010 Times Square attempted bombing was a pressure cooker, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Placed carefully, such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators said they have not yet determined what was used to set off the Boston explosives. Typically, these bombs have an initiator, switch and explosive charge, according to a 2004 warning from Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will go to the ends of the Earth to identify the subject or subjects who are responsible for this despicable crime, and we will do everything we can to bring them to justice,\" the FBI's DesLauriers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pakistani Taliban, which claimed responsibility for the 2010 attempt in Times Square, has denied any part in the Boston Marathon attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen gave a detailed description of how to make a bomb using a pressure cooker in a 2010 issue of Inspire, its English-language online publication aimed at would-be terrorists acting alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a chapter titled \"Make a bomb in the kitchen of your mom,\" it says \"the pressurized cooker is the most effective method\" for making a simple bomb, and it provides directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naser Jason Abdo, a former U.S. soldier, was sentenced to life in prison last year after being convicted of planning to use a pair of bombs made from pressure cookers in an attack on a Texas restaurant frequented by soldiers from nearby Fort Hood. He was found with the Inspire article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators are also combing surveillance tapes from businesses around the finish line and asking travelers at Boston's Logan Airport to share any photos or video that might help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is probably one of the most photographed areas in the country yesterday,\" said Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis. He said two security sweeps of the marathon route had been conducted before the bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston police and firefighter unions announced a $50,000 reward for information leading to arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said officials do not know who carried out the attack or why — \"whether it was planned and executed by a terrorist organization, foreign or domestic, or was the act of a malevolent individual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said \"any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror.\" And he declared: \"The American people refuse to be terrorized.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two explosions killed 3 people and injured more than 170 at the finish of the Boston Marathon on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2,000 racers were participating from California with friends and family present, and several of these eye-witnesses gave us their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/boston-marathon-blasts-bay-area-witnesses-share-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\">accounts\u003c/a>. Among those injured was a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/16/11-year-old-martinez-boy-injured-in-boston-bombings/\">boy from Martinez\u003c/a>, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack has prompted officials in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/\" target=\"_blank\">California to increase security\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Contact lines and numbers\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBoston city line for friends and family of Boston Marathon attendees: 617-635-4500\u003cbr>\nTipline: 800-494-TIPS\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can look up racers by name and home town or state on the \u003ca href=\"http://baa.org/individual.html\" target=\"_blank\">Boston Marathon site. \u003c/a>(Similar information is displayed differently \u003ca href=\"http://raceday.baa.org/searchable-results.html\">here.)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can get information about the well-being of people who were at the marathon from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcross.org/find-help/contact-family/register-safe-listing\" target=\"_blank\">Red Cross\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can search for people using the \u003ca href=\"http://google.org/personfinder/2013-boston-explosions/\" target=\"_blank\">Google Person Finder\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Ongoing coverage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Boston's NPR station, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2013/04/16/fbi-seeks-images-in-boston-marathon-bomb-inquiry\" target=\"_blank\">WBUR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Boston Globe\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/16/177427130/boston-marathon-explosions-latest-developments\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94219\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/2-explosions-hit-boston-marathon/explosions-at-117th-boston-marathon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94219\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94219\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/boston-marathon-explosions-300x267.jpg\" alt=\"The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update at 2:48 PM Pacific Time Tuesday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>by Eileen Sullivan and Jay Lindsay, The Associated Press\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOSTON (AP) — The bombs that ripped through the Boston Marathon crowd appear to have been fashioned out of ordinary kitchen pressure cookers, packed with nails and other fiendishly lethal shrapnel, and hidden in duffel bags left on the ground, investigators and others close to the case said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama branded the attack an act of terrorism, whether carried out by a solo bomber or group, and the FBI vowed to \"go to the ends of the Earth\" to find out who did it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of victims remained in Boston hospitals, many with grievous injuries, a day after the twin explosions near the marathon's finish line killed three people, wounded more than 170 and reawakened fears of terrorism. A 9-year-old girl and 10-year-old boy were among 17 victims listed in critical condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials found that the bombs consisted of explosives put in common 1.6-gallon pressure cookers, one containing shards of metal and ball bearings, the other packed with nails, according to a person close to the investigation who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation was still going on. Both bombs were stuffed into duffel bags, the person said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a news conference, FBI agent Richard DesLauriers, FBI agent in charge in Boston, confirmed that investigators had found pieces of black nylon from a bag or backpack and fragments of BBs and nails, possibly contained in a pressure cooker. He said the items were sent to the FBI for analysis at Quantico, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in international terrorism, and have been recommended for lone-wolf operatives by Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen. But information on how to make the bombs is readily found online, and U.S. officials said Americans should not rush to judgment in linking the attack to overseas terrorists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DesLauriers said that there had been no claim of responsibility for the attack, and that the range of suspects and motives was \"wide open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the day, he and other law enforcement authorities asked members of the public to come forward with any video or photos from the marathon or anything suspicious they might have witnessed, such as hearing someone express an interest in explosives or a desire to attack the marathon, or seeing someone carrying a dark heavy bag at the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Someone knows who did this,\" the FBI agent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombs exploded 10 or more seconds apart, tearing off victims' limbs and spattering streets with blood, instantly turning the festive race into a hellish scene of confusion, horror and heroics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blasts killed 8-year-old Martin Richard of Boston, 29-year-old Krystle Campbell of Medford, Mass., and a third victim, identified only as a graduate student at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors who treated the wounded corroborated reports that the bombs were packed with shrapnel intended to cause mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've removed BBs and we've removed nails from kids. One of the sickest things for me was just to see nails sticking out of a little girl's body,\" said Dr. David Mooney, director of the trauma center at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Massachusetts General Hospital, all four amputations performed there were above the knee, with no hope of saving more of the legs, said Dr. George Velmahos, chief of trauma surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a hard decision to make,\" he said. \"We just completed the ugly job that the bomb did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama plans to visit Boston on Thursday to attend an interfaith service in honor of the victims. He has traveled four times to cities reeling from mass violence, most recently in December after the schoolhouse shooting in Newtown, Conn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the attack, security was stepped up around the White House and across the country. Police massed at federal buildings and transit centers in the nation's capital, critical response teams deployed in New York City, and security officers with bomb-sniffing dogs spread through Chicago's Union Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano urged Americans \"to be vigilant and to listen to directions from state and local officials.\" But she said there was no evidence the bombings were part of a wider plot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, according to a July 2010 intelligence report by the FBI and the Homeland Security Department. One of the three devices used in the May 2010 Times Square attempted bombing was a pressure cooker, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Placed carefully, such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators said they have not yet determined what was used to set off the Boston explosives. Typically, these bombs have an initiator, switch and explosive charge, according to a 2004 warning from Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will go to the ends of the Earth to identify the subject or subjects who are responsible for this despicable crime, and we will do everything we can to bring them to justice,\" the FBI's DesLauriers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pakistani Taliban, which claimed responsibility for the 2010 attempt in Times Square, has denied any part in the Boston Marathon attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen gave a detailed description of how to make a bomb using a pressure cooker in a 2010 issue of Inspire, its English-language online publication aimed at would-be terrorists acting alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a chapter titled \"Make a bomb in the kitchen of your mom,\" it says \"the pressurized cooker is the most effective method\" for making a simple bomb, and it provides directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naser Jason Abdo, a former U.S. soldier, was sentenced to life in prison last year after being convicted of planning to use a pair of bombs made from pressure cookers in an attack on a Texas restaurant frequented by soldiers from nearby Fort Hood. He was found with the Inspire article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators are also combing surveillance tapes from businesses around the finish line and asking travelers at Boston's Logan Airport to share any photos or video that might help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is probably one of the most photographed areas in the country yesterday,\" said Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis. He said two security sweeps of the marathon route had been conducted before the bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston police and firefighter unions announced a $50,000 reward for information leading to arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said officials do not know who carried out the attack or why — \"whether it was planned and executed by a terrorist organization, foreign or domestic, or was the act of a malevolent individual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said \"any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror.\" And he declared: \"The American people refuse to be terrorized.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I glanced at my Twitter feed the other day and did a double take. Flame was erupting from a house in Oakland in a photograph tweeted by OaklandFireLive. Another photo showed firefighters on the roof of the building, smoke billowing around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a moment it looked like a new social media extreme: firefighters pausing in the midst of a conflagration to update the world on their status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>E27, E29 making entry, Hunter Ct.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23oaklandfire\">#oaklandfire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23structurefire\">#structurefire\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/zXTomcdCGL\">twitter.com/OaklandFireLiv…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Oakland Firefighters (@OaklandFireLive) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697\">March 11, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But Chief of Staff Cynthia Perkins assured me that Oakland firefighters are definitely not thumbing their iPhones while the city burns: “The Oakland Fire Department doesn’t have a Twitter account. And I can’t imagine that it was an actual line firefighter who was tweeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking further, I found that it wasn’t. At least not exactly. But the incident illustrates the complex issues that are popping up as social media finds its way into the hands of emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial tweet came from what firefighters call a “fire buff,” Chuck Garcia, president of the International Association of Firefighters, Local 55, told me. That’s a civilian who listens to radio scanners and then dashes out to the scene of the emergency to snap photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire buff apparently sent the photo to a firefighter sitting in a firehouse somewhere else in Oakland, who tweeted it out on the union’s account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought maybe we could get our message out to people who didn’t know what we do,” Garcia said. “We want them to know we’re working hard to protect them and their property, and we’re very good at what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s next? Will the California Highway Patrol tweet about whom it stops along the highway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, yes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>The registration is paid.Sgt. Japay warns that a current year tab is still needed & to make a DMV appointment on line \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/D7rGFZ1arh\">twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CHP Golden Gate (@CHP_GoldenGate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376\">March 19, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The tweet was part of a virtual ride-along that the Golden Gate division’s spokeswoman, Diana McDermott, organized, sending out tweets that portrayed a few hours on the job for a patrol officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted people to know that we are out working on our beats even when we’re not visible to them,” McDermott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has found Twitter useful for a lot of other things as well. “It’s a quick medium to get information out immediately, and an important part of what we do for education,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on Aug. 6, 2012, when a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/06/chevron-refinery-fire-shelter-in-place-for-richmond-north-richmond-and-san-pablo-residents/\">fire at the Chevron refinery\u003c/a> in Richmond sent a column of smoke into the air, McDermott tweeted that people who were planning to drive through the area should keep their windows shut. She also has tweeted about laws concerning car seats and about how to properly tie a kayak to your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media can even help solve crimes. San Francisco police were able to recover a bicycle stolen from a child with special needs by posting a photo on the department’s Facebook page. Someone recognized it and called the police with the location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94191\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/14/draft-why-oakland-firefighters-are-tweeting-fire-photos/chevron-fire-7/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94191\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94191 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Chevron-fire1.jpg\" alt=\"Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond. (Aarti Shahani/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that some people don’t get their news from TV or radio,” said Wilson Ng, who manages social media for the SFPD. “Social media is where they get their news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a more dramatic example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cresa911.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clark Regional Emergency Services\u003c/a> in Vancouver, Wash., mobilized citizens to find an elderly woman who had disappeared. More than 20,000 people shared information until finally someone discovered she had fainted behind a bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media are potentially valuable in a natural disaster, said Clark Emergency Manager Cheryl Bledsoe, who set up a \u003ca title=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" href=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website \u003c/a>on the topic of social media in her profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can emergency agencies get alerts out quickly, they can also collect information about how crises are unfolding. “We can highlight problems and focus on them,” she said. “For example, in a flood we can find out that people need sandbags in a particular area. It’s all about gauging sentiment. If the public is really concerned about something, then we know we need to get more information out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But use of social media comes with risks as well, Bledsoe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It takes time to keep Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other accounts up to date, time that could be used for other crucial emergency services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A photo could reveal the identity of someone being arrested or having a medical emergency, potentially violating their privacy. (In the ride-along, McDermott was careful not to tweet an image showing the drivers’ faces or license plates.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are legal ramifications to any statement that government employees make.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And there’s a risk of publicly disclosing sensitive information. That problem cropped up in 2011 during the Occupy demonstrations when protesters gleaned strategic information about the police officers trying to control them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were incidents where officers were Facebooking or tweeting about their plans,” said Officer Albie Esparza of the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were just trying to communicate with their friends and family about work hours, SFPD Police Chief Greg Suhr told\u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/san-francisco-police-department-to-set-social/vFkFy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> KTVU\u003c/a>. The department planned to create a social media policy, according to that report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far it only has general guidelines, Esparza said. “The wisest thing is not to post anything about the department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rank-and-file emergency responders may have their reasons to talk about their work online, however. For example, Garcia of the Oakland Fire Department said his union has successfully used a blog to get out its message about negotiations on its retirement plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he, too, has experienced a downside to social media: a \u003ca href=\"http://firechiefgeraldasimon.com/Declaration_of_Disgrace.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a> with crude criticisms of him and other Oakland firefighters is the first hit that pops up if you Google him. Garcia and others have tried without success to get the site taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the only thing I don’t like,” he said. “It helps you, but it definitely can hurt you.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I glanced at my Twitter feed the other day and did a double take. Flame was erupting from a house in Oakland in a photograph tweeted by OaklandFireLive. Another photo showed firefighters on the roof of the building, smoke billowing around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a moment it looked like a new social media extreme: firefighters pausing in the midst of a conflagration to update the world on their status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>E27, E29 making entry, Hunter Ct.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23oaklandfire\">#oaklandfire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23structurefire\">#structurefire\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/zXTomcdCGL\">twitter.com/OaklandFireLiv…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Oakland Firefighters (@OaklandFireLive) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697\">March 11, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But Chief of Staff Cynthia Perkins assured me that Oakland firefighters are definitely not thumbing their iPhones while the city burns: “The Oakland Fire Department doesn’t have a Twitter account. And I can’t imagine that it was an actual line firefighter who was tweeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking further, I found that it wasn’t. At least not exactly. But the incident illustrates the complex issues that are popping up as social media finds its way into the hands of emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial tweet came from what firefighters call a “fire buff,” Chuck Garcia, president of the International Association of Firefighters, Local 55, told me. That’s a civilian who listens to radio scanners and then dashes out to the scene of the emergency to snap photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire buff apparently sent the photo to a firefighter sitting in a firehouse somewhere else in Oakland, who tweeted it out on the union’s account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought maybe we could get our message out to people who didn’t know what we do,” Garcia said. “We want them to know we’re working hard to protect them and their property, and we’re very good at what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s next? Will the California Highway Patrol tweet about whom it stops along the highway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, yes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>The registration is paid.Sgt. Japay warns that a current year tab is still needed & to make a DMV appointment on line \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/D7rGFZ1arh\">twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CHP Golden Gate (@CHP_GoldenGate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376\">March 19, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The tweet was part of a virtual ride-along that the Golden Gate division’s spokeswoman, Diana McDermott, organized, sending out tweets that portrayed a few hours on the job for a patrol officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted people to know that we are out working on our beats even when we’re not visible to them,” McDermott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has found Twitter useful for a lot of other things as well. “It’s a quick medium to get information out immediately, and an important part of what we do for education,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on Aug. 6, 2012, when a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/06/chevron-refinery-fire-shelter-in-place-for-richmond-north-richmond-and-san-pablo-residents/\">fire at the Chevron refinery\u003c/a> in Richmond sent a column of smoke into the air, McDermott tweeted that people who were planning to drive through the area should keep their windows shut. She also has tweeted about laws concerning car seats and about how to properly tie a kayak to your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media can even help solve crimes. San Francisco police were able to recover a bicycle stolen from a child with special needs by posting a photo on the department’s Facebook page. Someone recognized it and called the police with the location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94191\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/14/draft-why-oakland-firefighters-are-tweeting-fire-photos/chevron-fire-7/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94191\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94191 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Chevron-fire1.jpg\" alt=\"Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond. (Aarti Shahani/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that some people don’t get their news from TV or radio,” said Wilson Ng, who manages social media for the SFPD. “Social media is where they get their news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a more dramatic example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cresa911.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clark Regional Emergency Services\u003c/a> in Vancouver, Wash., mobilized citizens to find an elderly woman who had disappeared. More than 20,000 people shared information until finally someone discovered she had fainted behind a bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media are potentially valuable in a natural disaster, said Clark Emergency Manager Cheryl Bledsoe, who set up a \u003ca title=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" href=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website \u003c/a>on the topic of social media in her profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can emergency agencies get alerts out quickly, they can also collect information about how crises are unfolding. “We can highlight problems and focus on them,” she said. “For example, in a flood we can find out that people need sandbags in a particular area. It’s all about gauging sentiment. If the public is really concerned about something, then we know we need to get more information out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But use of social media comes with risks as well, Bledsoe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It takes time to keep Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other accounts up to date, time that could be used for other crucial emergency services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A photo could reveal the identity of someone being arrested or having a medical emergency, potentially violating their privacy. (In the ride-along, McDermott was careful not to tweet an image showing the drivers’ faces or license plates.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are legal ramifications to any statement that government employees make.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And there’s a risk of publicly disclosing sensitive information. That problem cropped up in 2011 during the Occupy demonstrations when protesters gleaned strategic information about the police officers trying to control them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were incidents where officers were Facebooking or tweeting about their plans,” said Officer Albie Esparza of the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were just trying to communicate with their friends and family about work hours, SFPD Police Chief Greg Suhr told\u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/san-francisco-police-department-to-set-social/vFkFy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> KTVU\u003c/a>. The department planned to create a social media policy, according to that report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far it only has general guidelines, Esparza said. “The wisest thing is not to post anything about the department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rank-and-file emergency responders may have their reasons to talk about their work online, however. For example, Garcia of the Oakland Fire Department said his union has successfully used a blog to get out its message about negotiations on its retirement plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he, too, has experienced a downside to social media: a \u003ca href=\"http://firechiefgeraldasimon.com/Declaration_of_Disgrace.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a> with crude criticisms of him and other Oakland firefighters is the first hit that pops up if you Google him. Garcia and others have tried without success to get the site taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Ruling on Prisons a Setback for Gov. Brown",
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"content": "\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown continues to \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201304120850/a\">travel through China\u003c/a>, taking a bullet train from Beijing to Shanghai, inking trade deals and setting a brisk pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the governor gets home next week from his largely successful trade and business trip, he faces another federal court ruling rejecting his bid to end judicial oversight of California's prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94046\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/chinoprison.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94046\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/chinoprison-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"An inmate at Chino State Prison sleeps on his bunk bed in a gymnasium that was modified to house prisoners on December 10, 2010 in Chino, California. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An inmate at Chino State Prison sleeps on his bunk bed in a gymnasium that was modified to house prisoners on December 10, 2010 in Chino, California. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel unanimously ruled the state must reduce the prison population by a percentage that works out to about 9,500 fewer inmates. KQED's Michael Montgomery spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201304120850/b\">The California Report’s\u003c/a> Rachael Myrow about the impact of the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a huge setback for Gov. Brown. He's invested a lot of time and energy trying to convince the courts that essentially California’s prison crisis is over and that inmates are getting adequate mental health and medical care,” Montgomery said. “And federal judges have just not bought the governor's arguments. Now the state has to come up with a plan to further reduce the inmate population.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a plan the judges want to see in three weeks. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation issued a statement saying, \"California has invested more than a billion dollars to transform its prison health care system into one of the best in the country. Our prisons now provide timely and effective health care to inmates that far exceeds what the Constitution requires.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the only recent setback for Brown on prisons. A federal judge on April 5 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/judge-rules-against-calif-control-of-prison-mental-health-programs/\">rejected Brown's bid\u003c/a> to regain state control of inmates' mental health care, citing systematic failures to reduce prison suicides, provide timely care and hire enough staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the Associated Press report by Tom Verdin below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — A federal judicial panel on Thursday denied Gov. Jerry Brown's request to lift a court-ordered prison population cap and threatened him and other state officials with contempt of court if they fail to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by the three-judge panel singled out the Democratic governor for ignoring its earlier orders to reduce the state's inmate population to the level ordered by the federal courts. Judges have said that capping the population is the most important step the state can take to improve inmate medical and mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the governor sought to end the long-running court oversight of California's prison system and promised to take his fight again to the U.S. Supreme Court if necessary. At the time, he decried the billions of dollars California is spending to improve inmate medical and mental health care, saying the court had ordered the state to create \"gold plate\" prisons that were siphoning money from public schools, colleges, social services and other programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judicial panel was unmoved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naming Brown, it said state officials must take whatever steps are necessary to comply with the court's inmate-reduction order by the end of this year or face the consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, \"they will without further delay be subject to findings of contempt, individually and collectively. We make this observation reluctantly, but with determination that defendants will not be allowed to continue to violate the requirements of the Constitution of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment, but corrections department spokeswoman Deborah Hoffman said the administration will appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, Hoffman said the quality of medical care delivered to California's prison inmates \"far exceeds\" the requirements of the Constitution. Any further steps to reduce the inmate population would jeopardize public safety, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's ruling in favor of the inmates' attorneys was expected and is the latest development in two partially consolidated legal cases that date back several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One case, filed in 1990, concerns the treatment of mentally inmates. The other, filed in 2001, concerns substandard medical care. In both cases, the federal courts have ruled that the care provided by California's prison system was so poor it violated inmates' constitutional rights against cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, one of the judges on the panel rejected Brown's attempt to end the lawsuit over mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the courts have appointed federal overseers to run those aspects of the prison system. The state has responded by building new medical and mental health facilities and hiring hundreds of new employees, many at salaries that exceed $200,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's boldest response has been his so-called prison realignment plan, which took effect in October 2011 and is sending thousands of lower-level offenders to county jails instead of state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law alone has reduced the prison population by nearly 25,000 inmates, but it is still not enough to comply with the court order. The state still needs to reduce its inmate population by roughly 9,000 more inmates in its 33 adult prisons by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the state said it had done enough, and Brown said the only way it could meet the court's population cap was to release dangerous felons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judicial panel acknowledged that Brown's realignment law had made headway, but also said the state had taken no further actions to comply with the court's directive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It called the state's long-range prison blueprint \"a plan for noncompliance\" by allowing the state to house 9,000 more inmates than the court order allows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What further steps they will take in order to comply is equally clear: None,\" the judges wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While their decision against the state was widely anticipated, the judges' ruling was somewhat remarkable in its singling out of the governor. It noted the U.S. Supreme Court's 2011 ruling that upheld the court-ordered population cap and emphasized that Brown has a duty to make any changes necessary and to do so promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Specifically, the rule is applicable to Governor Brown, as well as the lowliest citizen,\" the judges said. \"That Governor Brown may believe, contrary to the evidence before this Court, that 'prison crowding (is) no longer . . . inhibit(ing) the delivery of timely and effective health services to inmates,' will not constitute an excuse for his failure to comply with the orders of this Court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ernest Galvan, a San Francisco-based attorney representing inmates, called on the state to halt the years of litigation and reduce the prison population to the court-ordered level.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown continues to \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201304120850/a\">travel through China\u003c/a>, taking a bullet train from Beijing to Shanghai, inking trade deals and setting a brisk pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the governor gets home next week from his largely successful trade and business trip, he faces another federal court ruling rejecting his bid to end judicial oversight of California's prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94046\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/chinoprison.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94046\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/chinoprison-300x194.jpg\" alt=\"An inmate at Chino State Prison sleeps on his bunk bed in a gymnasium that was modified to house prisoners on December 10, 2010 in Chino, California. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An inmate at Chino State Prison sleeps on his bunk bed in a gymnasium that was modified to house prisoners on December 10, 2010 in Chino, California. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel unanimously ruled the state must reduce the prison population by a percentage that works out to about 9,500 fewer inmates. KQED's Michael Montgomery spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201304120850/b\">The California Report’s\u003c/a> Rachael Myrow about the impact of the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a huge setback for Gov. Brown. He's invested a lot of time and energy trying to convince the courts that essentially California’s prison crisis is over and that inmates are getting adequate mental health and medical care,” Montgomery said. “And federal judges have just not bought the governor's arguments. Now the state has to come up with a plan to further reduce the inmate population.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a plan the judges want to see in three weeks. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation issued a statement saying, \"California has invested more than a billion dollars to transform its prison health care system into one of the best in the country. Our prisons now provide timely and effective health care to inmates that far exceeds what the Constitution requires.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the only recent setback for Brown on prisons. A federal judge on April 5 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/judge-rules-against-calif-control-of-prison-mental-health-programs/\">rejected Brown's bid\u003c/a> to regain state control of inmates' mental health care, citing systematic failures to reduce prison suicides, provide timely care and hire enough staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the Associated Press report by Tom Verdin below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — A federal judicial panel on Thursday denied Gov. Jerry Brown's request to lift a court-ordered prison population cap and threatened him and other state officials with contempt of court if they fail to comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling by the three-judge panel singled out the Democratic governor for ignoring its earlier orders to reduce the state's inmate population to the level ordered by the federal courts. Judges have said that capping the population is the most important step the state can take to improve inmate medical and mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the governor sought to end the long-running court oversight of California's prison system and promised to take his fight again to the U.S. Supreme Court if necessary. At the time, he decried the billions of dollars California is spending to improve inmate medical and mental health care, saying the court had ordered the state to create \"gold plate\" prisons that were siphoning money from public schools, colleges, social services and other programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judicial panel was unmoved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naming Brown, it said state officials must take whatever steps are necessary to comply with the court's inmate-reduction order by the end of this year or face the consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, \"they will without further delay be subject to findings of contempt, individually and collectively. We make this observation reluctantly, but with determination that defendants will not be allowed to continue to violate the requirements of the Constitution of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's office did not immediately respond to requests for comment, but corrections department spokeswoman Deborah Hoffman said the administration will appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, Hoffman said the quality of medical care delivered to California's prison inmates \"far exceeds\" the requirements of the Constitution. Any further steps to reduce the inmate population would jeopardize public safety, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's ruling in favor of the inmates' attorneys was expected and is the latest development in two partially consolidated legal cases that date back several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One case, filed in 1990, concerns the treatment of mentally inmates. The other, filed in 2001, concerns substandard medical care. In both cases, the federal courts have ruled that the care provided by California's prison system was so poor it violated inmates' constitutional rights against cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, one of the judges on the panel rejected Brown's attempt to end the lawsuit over mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the courts have appointed federal overseers to run those aspects of the prison system. The state has responded by building new medical and mental health facilities and hiring hundreds of new employees, many at salaries that exceed $200,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's boldest response has been his so-called prison realignment plan, which took effect in October 2011 and is sending thousands of lower-level offenders to county jails instead of state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law alone has reduced the prison population by nearly 25,000 inmates, but it is still not enough to comply with the court order. The state still needs to reduce its inmate population by roughly 9,000 more inmates in its 33 adult prisons by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the state said it had done enough, and Brown said the only way it could meet the court's population cap was to release dangerous felons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judicial panel acknowledged that Brown's realignment law had made headway, but also said the state had taken no further actions to comply with the court's directive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It called the state's long-range prison blueprint \"a plan for noncompliance\" by allowing the state to house 9,000 more inmates than the court order allows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What further steps they will take in order to comply is equally clear: None,\" the judges wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While their decision against the state was widely anticipated, the judges' ruling was somewhat remarkable in its singling out of the governor. It noted the U.S. Supreme Court's 2011 ruling that upheld the court-ordered population cap and emphasized that Brown has a duty to make any changes necessary and to do so promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Specifically, the rule is applicable to Governor Brown, as well as the lowliest citizen,\" the judges said. \"That Governor Brown may believe, contrary to the evidence before this Court, that 'prison crowding (is) no longer . . . inhibit(ing) the delivery of timely and effective health services to inmates,' will not constitute an excuse for his failure to comply with the orders of this Court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ernest Galvan, a San Francisco-based attorney representing inmates, called on the state to halt the years of litigation and reduce the prison population to the court-ordered level.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ex-Officers Often Investigate Police-Involved Shootings",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>by Shoshana Walter, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baycitizen.org/news/policing/ex-officers-often-investigate-police-involved-shoo/\">The Bay Citizen\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/ex-officers-often-investigate-police-involved-shootings/baycitizenlogo-49/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93946\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-93946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/BayCitizenLogo.png\" alt=\"BayCitizenLogo\" width=\"218\" height=\"74\">\u003c/a>After Oakland police Officer Miguel Masso shot and killed 18-year-old Alan Blueford last May, prosecutors quickly released their investigator’s findings about the incident, amid a public outcry and a protest that shut down a City Council meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting was justified, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682616-oakland-police-department-blueford-press-release.html\">according to the evidence\u003c/a> collected by Michael Foster – a former Oakland police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a city seething with distrust of law enforcement, legal experts and residents are now questioning District Attorney Nancy O’Malley’s wisdom in assigning former Oakland police officers to the task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93945\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/ex-officers-often-investigate-police-involved-shootings/adam-and-jeralynn-blueford/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93945\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93945 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Adam-and-Jeralynn-Blueford-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Adam and Jeralynn Blueford\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adam and Jeralynn Blueford’s son Alan, an 18-year-old Hayward resident, was shot to death by an Oakland police officer last May. Noah Berger/The Bay Citizen\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would hope that they would look for somebody not for one side or the other – some impartial person that’s not the police and not a community activist,” said Blueford’s father, Adam Blueford. “The prosecutor just kind of rubber stamps what the police said.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster’s assignment was described as routine. It turns out that the practice of using former police officers to conduct investigations into shootings at their previous departments is widespread, according to a review of police prosecution records by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cironline.org\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, parent organization of The Bay Citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is all the more important now in Oakland, where the beleaguered police department is under court supervision. Last month, a federal judge appointed former Baltimore Police Commissioner Thomas Frazier to oversee the completion of an almost decadelong civil rights reform effort.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_22998796/oakland-federal-judge-warns-city-hall-stop-standing\">Judge accuses city of impeding Frazier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.baycitizen.org/news/policing/find-out-who-investigates-police-involved-shooting/\">Find out who investigates police-involved shootings in your area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.baycitizen.org/news/policing/where-have-oakland-police-officer-involved-shootin/\">Map: Where have Oakland police officer-involved shootings occurred?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The city has seen two officer-involved shootings so far this month. After a witness mistakenly identified a 16-year-old boy as a robbery suspect, police said they perceived the boy as a threat and shot him in the jaw. Two days later, Oakland officers shot and wounded a burglary suspect who they said was brandishing a fake gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said they use former police officers for the investigations because they are best suited for the job, coming with years of training and experience. Other prosecutors and investigators said prior police employment wouldn't necessarily bias the investigation or outcome of a case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Malley, Alameda County’s district attorney, said her office provides a separate but thorough investigation of each fatal officer-involved shooting and dispatches a team that includes an experienced attorney and investigator. The attorney, not the investigator, writes the final report, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Blueford investigation, O’Malley said her office reviewed all available evidence and statements from more than 40 witnesses and determined that the case “did not exist to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the officer involved committed a criminal offense.” Foster declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But legal ethicists say the use of former police officers creates an appearance of a conflict of interest that can erode public trust. And those ethicists say many ex-officers still have ties to their former departments, including a sense of allegiance to the “thin blue line” that can influence the subjective process of an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though he might not want to be a policeman again, he still has an allegiance to the brotherhood,” said Cornell University law professor Charles Wolfram. “If they’re from the same department, that could create obvious problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten district attorney’s offices in California contacted by the Center for Investigative Reporting said they use former officers for their police shooting inquiries. W. Scott Thorpe, chief executive officer of the California District Attorneys Association, called the practice “very common.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some prosecutors, however, keep the identities of the investigators who work on police officer shootings secret – the public may never know about potential conflicts of interest in police shooting investigations, the CIR review found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Oakland residents, prosecutors’ reports are one of the few sources of information about officer-involved shootings. Federal court-appointed monitors, in connection with the civil rights reform, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682615-robert-warshaw-officer-involved-shootings.html\">criticized the department’s own investigations\u003c/a> as biased and unquestioning. The department seldom releases copies of investigations and police reports on officer-involved shootings, even to the families of the individuals killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, some officers have faced more shooting investigations than others. According to police records, in the past 12 years, more than half of the department’s officer-involved shootings involved the same 20 officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, the investigations of some of the most shooting-prone officers showed potential conflicts of interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Moschetti, a former Oakland police officer for 23 years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682621-alameda-county-district-attorney-report-fred.html\">investigated a shooting case\u003c/a> involving William Pappas, a SWAT team member responsible for three shootings, according to police records. In July 2010, he was among a group of officers who fatally shot a man wielding kitchen knives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2010, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682622-alameda-county-district-attorney-report-derrick.html\">Moschetti investigated\u003c/a> Officers Omar Daza-Quiroz and Eriberto Perez-Angeles. The two officers, who were involved in the shooting death of a man in 2008, were responsible for the fatal shooting of Derrick Jones, an unarmed domestic violence suspect whose death spurred protests and an FBI investigation. He had led the two officers on a foot chase before ditching a marijuana scale that police mistook for a gun. His case is under review by the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 1, both officers involved in the case were cleared of any wrongdoing in a federal civil trial filed by Jones' widow. The city already had paid a $225,000 settlement in a separate civil suit filed by his parents and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, three officers shot and killed a man wielding a fake firearm. After Foster completed his investigation, prosecutor John Creighton \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682623-alameda-county-district-attorney-report-matthew.html\">cleared the officers\u003c/a> in Matthew Cicelski’s death. Less than a year earlier, Creighton had \u003ca href=\"http://www.smartvoter.org/2010/06/08/ca/alm/vote/creighton_j/endorse.html\">received an endorsement\u003c/a> from the Oakland Police Officers’ Association during his unsuccessful run for superior court judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy District Attorney Teresa Drenick called Foster and the other investigators professional and unbiased. If there is bias, Drenick said, the prosecutors who work alongside the investigators would intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The district attorney is there throughout the entire thing, everything,” Drenick said. “They go as a pair to all of the interviews. And then the ultimate report that is done is written by the deputy district attorney.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster also investigated the shooting deaths of two alleged gang members in May 2011, relying in part on investigative materials collected by the Oakland Police Department. The officers involved were Capt. Ersie Joyner, who has five officer-involved shootings on his record (the most of any member of the department), and Officer Cesar Garcia, who has two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complete his investigation, Foster relied on evidence collected by Oakland police Sgt. Jim Rullamas, according to the prosecutor’s report. Not mentioned was the fact that Joyner once oversaw Rullamas as head of the homicide division, praising the detective as hard working, according to one news report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the prosecutor’s office cleared the officers of wrongdoing, some of the cases resulted in hefty civil settlements. Robert Roche, a longtime member of the department’s SWAT team, has been involved in three shootings, including one that resulted in a $500,000 civil suit settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County prosecutors provided the Center for Investigative Reporting with records on Oakland police officer shootings since 2000 that were proved justified and closed. Out of 23 fatal shooting cases, 10 were investigated by former Oakland police officers, the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's a Specialized Skill'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Alameda County, not every prosecutor’s office in California releases records of shooting investigations involving police officers, which are protected by law from public disclosure. Many prosecutors’ offices declined to provide the names and employment histories of those they assign to investigate the shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some prosecutors acknowledged that their investigators are most often retired police officers. District attorneys in San Francisco, Santa Clara, Napa and San Mateo counties all said they employ former police officers and sheriff’s deputies to investigate officer-involved shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s pretty common,” said Glenn McGovern, a senior investigator at the Santa Clara County district attorney’s office who leads the training committee for the California District Attorney Investigators’ Association. “In Santa Clara, we have a lot of San Jose police. It’s a specialized skill. You have to go through advanced training for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties in other states have decided against using ex-officers to investigate their former departments. In Miami-Dade County in Florida, for example, only prosecutors with special training investigate officer-involved shootings. The agency does not use former police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, legal ethicists expressed concern that most prosecutors make no attempt to avoid the controversial assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It undermines the legitimacy of the investigation,” said Stanford Law School professor Deborah Rhode. “At the very least, they should try to find investigators hired by somebody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most counties in California follow the same procedure. When a police officer shoots and kills someone, the police department conducts two separate investigations. One determines whether the officer violated department policy; the other looks for evidence of criminal conduct. Then the county prosecutor’s office either monitors the department’s criminal investigation or conducts its own and decides whether to file charges. In Alameda County, investigators are assigned to officer-involved shootings on a rotating, on-call basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to 1985, most states legally allowed police officers to use their firearms to arrest anybody suspected of committing a felony, according to a U.S. Department of Justice report on police use of force. Some states even allowed police to shoot a fleeing suspect, including one suspected of a property crime such as forgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a decision that changed the landscape of police shooting investigations: An officer may not use deadly force unless he or she “has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others” – in other words, self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the ruling, it is still extremely rare for a police officer to be charged. While police need only probable cause to make an arrest, prosecutors must prove “beyond a reasonable doubt” that an officer acted criminally. Most fatal officer-involved shootings are deemed justifiable homicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, according to the FBI, law enforcement officers nationwide committed 393 justifiable homicides. A review of news articles about on-duty officer-involved shootings in California shows that since 2005, only three officers have been prosecuted in a fatal or near-fatal shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most prominent was the case of former BART Officer Johannes Mehserle. In 2010, a jury acquitted Mehserle of second-degree murder and voluntary manslaughter after he was captured on video shooting an unarmed man, Oscar Grant, in the back on a train platform in the early morning hours of New Year’s Day 2009. The jury found him guilty of involuntary manslaughter, and he was sentenced to two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, a jury swiftly acquitted former San Bernardino County sheriff’s Deputy Ivory Webb of attempted voluntary manslaughter and assault with a firearm. A cellphone video had shown Webb opening fire on Iraq War veteran Elio Carrion, a passenger in a car that had led Webb on a high-speed chase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2005, a San Jose jury acquitted state Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement agent Mike Walker of voluntary manslaughter charges. He’d shot and killed Rudy Cardenas, a father of five whom he’d mistaken for a wanted parole violator, after Cardenas led him on a car and foot chase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear if former police officers investigated the three cases that led to a prosecution – those records are kept secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Policies Vary Across Counties\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors are not legally required to conduct investigations into police shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After budget cuts in 2010, Fresno County District Attorney Elizabeth Egan halted her office’s investigations of officer-involved shootings, a practice that had been in place since 1984. After widespread complaints – including from the Fresno police chief – a Fresno County grand jury recommended Egan reverse her decision. She declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County District Attorney Jan Scully made a similar decision in 2011. A slew of shootings has since prompted furor over Scully’s decision, including urgent requests from Sacramento County law enforcement to resume the investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would like to do them, if we were given the resources,” said Assistant District Attorney Albert Locher, who once supervised the unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern County district attorney’s office investigates shootings at the county’s small police agencies but has never investigated officer-involved shootings at the county’s two largest agencies, the Bakersfield Police Department and Kern County Sheriff’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a high-profile police shooting several years ago, District Attorney Lisa Green said she saw no need to investigate because “the public might view the district attorney’s office as a rubber stamp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I would never approach it that way, the community may view it otherwise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in many cities, officials said, the investigations serve as assurance to the public that the death is being treated seriously. Police officials say the investigations can restore confidence in a department. Without them, only the police are left to investigate their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows the public to sleep better at night,” said former police officer Mike Donovan, chief investigator at the Napa County district attorney’s office and treasurer of the California District Attorney Investigators’ Association. “Knowing that if there is an officer-involved shooting, there’s some other level than just the agency itself that gets to make the decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, law enforcement agencies and the areas they cover are so large that the 256 former police officers at the Los Angeles County district attorney’s office are unlikely to know anyone they are assigned to investigate, spokeswoman Sandi Gibbons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some prosecutors have decided to avoid the appearance of a conflict by assigning others to the task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis assigned a single investigator to work on officer-involved shootings. Although a former police officer, the investigator has never worked for a San Diego County law enforcement agency, spokesman Steve Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland Shooting Sparks Protest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, several police shootings have galvanized the community. But instead of instilling confidence in the system, the report from the Alameda County district attorney’s office has provoked suspicion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Officer Miguel Masso fatally shot Alan Blueford in May, activists and residents shut down a City Council meeting in protest, and Blueford’s family filed a civil suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In District Attorney Nancy O’Malley’s office, several investigators, mainly former law enforcement officers from the Oakland Police Department and a few other county agencies, are assigned to a rotating on-call team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an officer-involved shooting occurs, an on-call inspector and prosecutor report to the scene, sit in on witness and officer interviews, and review evidence collected by each police department and coroner’s office. In Blueford’s case, Foster and Senior District Attorney Ken Mifsud were on call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After O’Malley released a report on Foster’s investigation, Blueford’s supporters released their own, in which they said the prosecutor’s report lacked “professionalism and objectivity, and appears to be directed at swaying public opinion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report writer, Darrell Whitman, a regional investigator for the U.S. Department of Labor, analyzed the heavily redacted police and coroner’s reports released to the public. He said the evidence made it seem more likely that Blueford was unarmed on the ground when Masso shot him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masso and his partner had stopped Blueford and two other teens just before midnight on suspicion that they were hiding a gun. Moments later, Blueford broke away. There was a brief foot chase before Masso said Blueford pointed a gun at him, and the officer reacted with gunfire, according to police reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Masso said Blueford had shot him. Police later determined that Masso had accidentally shot himself in the foot. The gun Masso said Blueford possessed was found 20 feet from Blueford’s body, and investigators determined it had not been fired. Investigators found one of Blueford’s fingerprints on the gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his report, Whitman pointed to discrepancies in the evidence that he said Foster and Mifsud should have examined. Instead, he said, they unquestioningly accepted Masso’s account. Mifsud declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, according to the redacted police reports, of the 16 people who witnessed the shooting, only three said they saw Blueford with a gun. Another witness said he had not seen a gun but had seen Blueford grabbing his waistband. A fifth witness said he had overheard another woman saying Blueford was armed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masso told investigators that his first shot caused Blueford to fall into a gate and onto the ground, but according to the redacted reports, most witnesses said Blueford already was on the ground when he was shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight witnesses said they heard Blueford say, “I didn’t do anything!” right before the gunfire. Mifsud and Foster’s report detailed Masso’s accidental shooting of his own foot but otherwise repeated Masso’s account of the shooting and did not mention Blueford’s alleged statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitman also said Foster and Mifsud didn’t appear to question some of the police department’s actions. Although investigators found one of Blueford’s fingerprints on the gun, Whitman noted that at least two officers handled the gun before it was secured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time it was photographed, the magazine already had been removed, “possibly contaminating DNA and biological evidence,” he wrote. In addition, per department policy, Masso had never turned on his lapel camera. Whitman said the camera footage might have captured the entire incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have nothing else, you want to fight for your kid,” said Blueford’s father, Adam Blueford. “My son was on the ground screaming, pleading for his life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Malley declined to comment on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others said they would not be so quick to dismiss the activists’ concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a public point of view, (using former officers) might not be the best course of action,” said Tony Monheim, a retired Miami-Dade police officer who now leads training on officer-involved shooting investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public has its own perception of what is going on,” Monheim said. “Maybe it’s a better thing to try to ease the tension a little bit and not have someone investigate themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by The Bay Citizen, a project of the Center for Investigative Reporting. Learn more at www.baycitizen.org\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Shoshana Walter, The Bay Citizen After Oakland police Officer Miguel Masso shot and killed 18-year-old Alan Blueford last May, prosecutors quickly released their investigator’s findings about the incident, amid a public outcry and a protest that shut down a City Council meeting. The shooting was justified, according to the evidence collected by Michael Foster",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>by Shoshana Walter, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baycitizen.org/news/policing/ex-officers-often-investigate-police-involved-shoo/\">The Bay Citizen\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/ex-officers-often-investigate-police-involved-shootings/baycitizenlogo-49/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93946\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-93946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/BayCitizenLogo.png\" alt=\"BayCitizenLogo\" width=\"218\" height=\"74\">\u003c/a>After Oakland police Officer Miguel Masso shot and killed 18-year-old Alan Blueford last May, prosecutors quickly released their investigator’s findings about the incident, amid a public outcry and a protest that shut down a City Council meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting was justified, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682616-oakland-police-department-blueford-press-release.html\">according to the evidence\u003c/a> collected by Michael Foster – a former Oakland police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a city seething with distrust of law enforcement, legal experts and residents are now questioning District Attorney Nancy O’Malley’s wisdom in assigning former Oakland police officers to the task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93945\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/ex-officers-often-investigate-police-involved-shootings/adam-and-jeralynn-blueford/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93945\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93945 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Adam-and-Jeralynn-Blueford-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Adam and Jeralynn Blueford\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adam and Jeralynn Blueford’s son Alan, an 18-year-old Hayward resident, was shot to death by an Oakland police officer last May. Noah Berger/The Bay Citizen\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I would hope that they would look for somebody not for one side or the other – some impartial person that’s not the police and not a community activist,” said Blueford’s father, Adam Blueford. “The prosecutor just kind of rubber stamps what the police said.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster’s assignment was described as routine. It turns out that the practice of using former police officers to conduct investigations into shootings at their previous departments is widespread, according to a review of police prosecution records by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cironline.org\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, parent organization of The Bay Citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is all the more important now in Oakland, where the beleaguered police department is under court supervision. Last month, a federal judge appointed former Baltimore Police Commissioner Thomas Frazier to oversee the completion of an almost decadelong civil rights reform effort.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.insidebayarea.com/breaking-news/ci_22998796/oakland-federal-judge-warns-city-hall-stop-standing\">Judge accuses city of impeding Frazier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.baycitizen.org/news/policing/find-out-who-investigates-police-involved-shooting/\">Find out who investigates police-involved shootings in your area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.baycitizen.org/news/policing/where-have-oakland-police-officer-involved-shootin/\">Map: Where have Oakland police officer-involved shootings occurred?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The city has seen two officer-involved shootings so far this month. After a witness mistakenly identified a 16-year-old boy as a robbery suspect, police said they perceived the boy as a threat and shot him in the jaw. Two days later, Oakland officers shot and wounded a burglary suspect who they said was brandishing a fake gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors said they use former police officers for the investigations because they are best suited for the job, coming with years of training and experience. Other prosecutors and investigators said prior police employment wouldn't necessarily bias the investigation or outcome of a case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Malley, Alameda County’s district attorney, said her office provides a separate but thorough investigation of each fatal officer-involved shooting and dispatches a team that includes an experienced attorney and investigator. The attorney, not the investigator, writes the final report, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the Blueford investigation, O’Malley said her office reviewed all available evidence and statements from more than 40 witnesses and determined that the case “did not exist to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the officer involved committed a criminal offense.” Foster declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But legal ethicists say the use of former police officers creates an appearance of a conflict of interest that can erode public trust. And those ethicists say many ex-officers still have ties to their former departments, including a sense of allegiance to the “thin blue line” that can influence the subjective process of an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though he might not want to be a policeman again, he still has an allegiance to the brotherhood,” said Cornell University law professor Charles Wolfram. “If they’re from the same department, that could create obvious problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten district attorney’s offices in California contacted by the Center for Investigative Reporting said they use former officers for their police shooting inquiries. W. Scott Thorpe, chief executive officer of the California District Attorneys Association, called the practice “very common.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some prosecutors, however, keep the identities of the investigators who work on police officer shootings secret – the public may never know about potential conflicts of interest in police shooting investigations, the CIR review found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Oakland residents, prosecutors’ reports are one of the few sources of information about officer-involved shootings. Federal court-appointed monitors, in connection with the civil rights reform, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682615-robert-warshaw-officer-involved-shootings.html\">criticized the department’s own investigations\u003c/a> as biased and unquestioning. The department seldom releases copies of investigations and police reports on officer-involved shootings, even to the families of the individuals killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, some officers have faced more shooting investigations than others. According to police records, in the past 12 years, more than half of the department’s officer-involved shootings involved the same 20 officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, the investigations of some of the most shooting-prone officers showed potential conflicts of interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Moschetti, a former Oakland police officer for 23 years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682621-alameda-county-district-attorney-report-fred.html\">investigated a shooting case\u003c/a> involving William Pappas, a SWAT team member responsible for three shootings, according to police records. In July 2010, he was among a group of officers who fatally shot a man wielding kitchen knives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2010, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682622-alameda-county-district-attorney-report-derrick.html\">Moschetti investigated\u003c/a> Officers Omar Daza-Quiroz and Eriberto Perez-Angeles. The two officers, who were involved in the shooting death of a man in 2008, were responsible for the fatal shooting of Derrick Jones, an unarmed domestic violence suspect whose death spurred protests and an FBI investigation. He had led the two officers on a foot chase before ditching a marijuana scale that police mistook for a gun. His case is under review by the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 1, both officers involved in the case were cleared of any wrongdoing in a federal civil trial filed by Jones' widow. The city already had paid a $225,000 settlement in a separate civil suit filed by his parents and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, three officers shot and killed a man wielding a fake firearm. After Foster completed his investigation, prosecutor John Creighton \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/682623-alameda-county-district-attorney-report-matthew.html\">cleared the officers\u003c/a> in Matthew Cicelski’s death. Less than a year earlier, Creighton had \u003ca href=\"http://www.smartvoter.org/2010/06/08/ca/alm/vote/creighton_j/endorse.html\">received an endorsement\u003c/a> from the Oakland Police Officers’ Association during his unsuccessful run for superior court judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy District Attorney Teresa Drenick called Foster and the other investigators professional and unbiased. If there is bias, Drenick said, the prosecutors who work alongside the investigators would intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The district attorney is there throughout the entire thing, everything,” Drenick said. “They go as a pair to all of the interviews. And then the ultimate report that is done is written by the deputy district attorney.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster also investigated the shooting deaths of two alleged gang members in May 2011, relying in part on investigative materials collected by the Oakland Police Department. The officers involved were Capt. Ersie Joyner, who has five officer-involved shootings on his record (the most of any member of the department), and Officer Cesar Garcia, who has two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complete his investigation, Foster relied on evidence collected by Oakland police Sgt. Jim Rullamas, according to the prosecutor’s report. Not mentioned was the fact that Joyner once oversaw Rullamas as head of the homicide division, praising the detective as hard working, according to one news report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the prosecutor’s office cleared the officers of wrongdoing, some of the cases resulted in hefty civil settlements. Robert Roche, a longtime member of the department’s SWAT team, has been involved in three shootings, including one that resulted in a $500,000 civil suit settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County prosecutors provided the Center for Investigative Reporting with records on Oakland police officer shootings since 2000 that were proved justified and closed. Out of 23 fatal shooting cases, 10 were investigated by former Oakland police officers, the records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's a Specialized Skill'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Alameda County, not every prosecutor’s office in California releases records of shooting investigations involving police officers, which are protected by law from public disclosure. Many prosecutors’ offices declined to provide the names and employment histories of those they assign to investigate the shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some prosecutors acknowledged that their investigators are most often retired police officers. District attorneys in San Francisco, Santa Clara, Napa and San Mateo counties all said they employ former police officers and sheriff’s deputies to investigate officer-involved shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s pretty common,” said Glenn McGovern, a senior investigator at the Santa Clara County district attorney’s office who leads the training committee for the California District Attorney Investigators’ Association. “In Santa Clara, we have a lot of San Jose police. It’s a specialized skill. You have to go through advanced training for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties in other states have decided against using ex-officers to investigate their former departments. In Miami-Dade County in Florida, for example, only prosecutors with special training investigate officer-involved shootings. The agency does not use former police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, legal ethicists expressed concern that most prosecutors make no attempt to avoid the controversial assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It undermines the legitimacy of the investigation,” said Stanford Law School professor Deborah Rhode. “At the very least, they should try to find investigators hired by somebody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most counties in California follow the same procedure. When a police officer shoots and kills someone, the police department conducts two separate investigations. One determines whether the officer violated department policy; the other looks for evidence of criminal conduct. Then the county prosecutor’s office either monitors the department’s criminal investigation or conducts its own and decides whether to file charges. In Alameda County, investigators are assigned to officer-involved shootings on a rotating, on-call basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to 1985, most states legally allowed police officers to use their firearms to arrest anybody suspected of committing a felony, according to a U.S. Department of Justice report on police use of force. Some states even allowed police to shoot a fleeing suspect, including one suspected of a property crime such as forgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the U.S. Supreme Court handed down a decision that changed the landscape of police shooting investigations: An officer may not use deadly force unless he or she “has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury to the officer or others” – in other words, self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the ruling, it is still extremely rare for a police officer to be charged. While police need only probable cause to make an arrest, prosecutors must prove “beyond a reasonable doubt” that an officer acted criminally. Most fatal officer-involved shootings are deemed justifiable homicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, according to the FBI, law enforcement officers nationwide committed 393 justifiable homicides. A review of news articles about on-duty officer-involved shootings in California shows that since 2005, only three officers have been prosecuted in a fatal or near-fatal shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most prominent was the case of former BART Officer Johannes Mehserle. In 2010, a jury acquitted Mehserle of second-degree murder and voluntary manslaughter after he was captured on video shooting an unarmed man, Oscar Grant, in the back on a train platform in the early morning hours of New Year’s Day 2009. The jury found him guilty of involuntary manslaughter, and he was sentenced to two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, a jury swiftly acquitted former San Bernardino County sheriff’s Deputy Ivory Webb of attempted voluntary manslaughter and assault with a firearm. A cellphone video had shown Webb opening fire on Iraq War veteran Elio Carrion, a passenger in a car that had led Webb on a high-speed chase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2005, a San Jose jury acquitted state Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement agent Mike Walker of voluntary manslaughter charges. He’d shot and killed Rudy Cardenas, a father of five whom he’d mistaken for a wanted parole violator, after Cardenas led him on a car and foot chase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear if former police officers investigated the three cases that led to a prosecution – those records are kept secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Policies Vary Across Counties\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors are not legally required to conduct investigations into police shootings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After budget cuts in 2010, Fresno County District Attorney Elizabeth Egan halted her office’s investigations of officer-involved shootings, a practice that had been in place since 1984. After widespread complaints – including from the Fresno police chief – a Fresno County grand jury recommended Egan reverse her decision. She declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County District Attorney Jan Scully made a similar decision in 2011. A slew of shootings has since prompted furor over Scully’s decision, including urgent requests from Sacramento County law enforcement to resume the investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would like to do them, if we were given the resources,” said Assistant District Attorney Albert Locher, who once supervised the unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern County district attorney’s office investigates shootings at the county’s small police agencies but has never investigated officer-involved shootings at the county’s two largest agencies, the Bakersfield Police Department and Kern County Sheriff’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a high-profile police shooting several years ago, District Attorney Lisa Green said she saw no need to investigate because “the public might view the district attorney’s office as a rubber stamp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I would never approach it that way, the community may view it otherwise,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in many cities, officials said, the investigations serve as assurance to the public that the death is being treated seriously. Police officials say the investigations can restore confidence in a department. Without them, only the police are left to investigate their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows the public to sleep better at night,” said former police officer Mike Donovan, chief investigator at the Napa County district attorney’s office and treasurer of the California District Attorney Investigators’ Association. “Knowing that if there is an officer-involved shooting, there’s some other level than just the agency itself that gets to make the decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, law enforcement agencies and the areas they cover are so large that the 256 former police officers at the Los Angeles County district attorney’s office are unlikely to know anyone they are assigned to investigate, spokeswoman Sandi Gibbons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some prosecutors have decided to avoid the appearance of a conflict by assigning others to the task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis assigned a single investigator to work on officer-involved shootings. Although a former police officer, the investigator has never worked for a San Diego County law enforcement agency, spokesman Steve Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland Shooting Sparks Protest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, several police shootings have galvanized the community. But instead of instilling confidence in the system, the report from the Alameda County district attorney’s office has provoked suspicion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Officer Miguel Masso fatally shot Alan Blueford in May, activists and residents shut down a City Council meeting in protest, and Blueford’s family filed a civil suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In District Attorney Nancy O’Malley’s office, several investigators, mainly former law enforcement officers from the Oakland Police Department and a few other county agencies, are assigned to a rotating on-call team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an officer-involved shooting occurs, an on-call inspector and prosecutor report to the scene, sit in on witness and officer interviews, and review evidence collected by each police department and coroner’s office. In Blueford’s case, Foster and Senior District Attorney Ken Mifsud were on call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After O’Malley released a report on Foster’s investigation, Blueford’s supporters released their own, in which they said the prosecutor’s report lacked “professionalism and objectivity, and appears to be directed at swaying public opinion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report writer, Darrell Whitman, a regional investigator for the U.S. Department of Labor, analyzed the heavily redacted police and coroner’s reports released to the public. He said the evidence made it seem more likely that Blueford was unarmed on the ground when Masso shot him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masso and his partner had stopped Blueford and two other teens just before midnight on suspicion that they were hiding a gun. Moments later, Blueford broke away. There was a brief foot chase before Masso said Blueford pointed a gun at him, and the officer reacted with gunfire, according to police reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Masso said Blueford had shot him. Police later determined that Masso had accidentally shot himself in the foot. The gun Masso said Blueford possessed was found 20 feet from Blueford’s body, and investigators determined it had not been fired. Investigators found one of Blueford’s fingerprints on the gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his report, Whitman pointed to discrepancies in the evidence that he said Foster and Mifsud should have examined. Instead, he said, they unquestioningly accepted Masso’s account. Mifsud declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, according to the redacted police reports, of the 16 people who witnessed the shooting, only three said they saw Blueford with a gun. Another witness said he had not seen a gun but had seen Blueford grabbing his waistband. A fifth witness said he had overheard another woman saying Blueford was armed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masso told investigators that his first shot caused Blueford to fall into a gate and onto the ground, but according to the redacted reports, most witnesses said Blueford already was on the ground when he was shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight witnesses said they heard Blueford say, “I didn’t do anything!” right before the gunfire. Mifsud and Foster’s report detailed Masso’s accidental shooting of his own foot but otherwise repeated Masso’s account of the shooting and did not mention Blueford’s alleged statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitman also said Foster and Mifsud didn’t appear to question some of the police department’s actions. Although investigators found one of Blueford’s fingerprints on the gun, Whitman noted that at least two officers handled the gun before it was secured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time it was photographed, the magazine already had been removed, “possibly contaminating DNA and biological evidence,” he wrote. In addition, per department policy, Masso had never turned on his lapel camera. Whitman said the camera footage might have captured the entire incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have nothing else, you want to fight for your kid,” said Blueford’s father, Adam Blueford. “My son was on the ground screaming, pleading for his life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Malley declined to comment on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others said they would not be so quick to dismiss the activists’ concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a public point of view, (using former officers) might not be the best course of action,” said Tony Monheim, a retired Miami-Dade police officer who now leads training on officer-involved shooting investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public has its own perception of what is going on,” Monheim said. “Maybe it’s a better thing to try to ease the tension a little bit and not have someone investigate themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by The Bay Citizen, a project of the Center for Investigative Reporting. Learn more at www.baycitizen.org\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigration Reform Would Look Different for Africans and Afro-Caribbeans",
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"content": "\u003cp>Yesterday's immigration rally in Washington, D.C., and the movement behind it have been propelled largely by Latino and Asian immigrants. But often missing from the conversation about immigration reform are the roughly 3 million immigrants of African descent. And their lack of visibility means their struggles with the immigration system aren’t necessarily on Congress’ agenda. But Africans and Afro-Caribbeans in the Bay Area are part of a growing movement to influence the debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/immigration-reform-would-look-different-for-africans-and-afro-caribbeans/rs4484_001/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93904\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93904\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS4484_001-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Adoubou Traore is the program director of the African Advocacy Network in San Francisco. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adoubou Traore is the program director of the African Advocacy Network in San Francisco. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From his cramped office in San Francisco’s Mission District, \u003ca href=\"http://aansf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">African Advocacy Network\u003c/a> program Director Adoubou Traore helps new arrivals from Africa find jobs, housing and, not least of all, immigration solutions. But he’s not convinced legislation from Washington will help his clients much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration reform is mostly targeting people who are undocumented,” Traore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that leaves out quite a few people, including refugees, and people with what’s called temporary protected status, or TPS, from impoverished or war-torn countries such as Haiti, Somalia and Sudan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that were you on the TPS, you never become an American citizen. You never become a permanent resident. You never be able to reunify your family here,” Traore said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThen there are asylum seekers, like the man sitting across from Traore. Kevin, who because of his uncertain legal status doesn’t want to use his real name, fled civil war in his native Chad in 2009. When Kevin arrived in the United States, he was told his request for asylum would take two years to decide. Due to overburdened courts, it has now been almost four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The physical part or the financial part, I think everybody can mostly handle,\" Kevin said. “But the mental part is hard. Imagine being here almost four years. You think you are gonna get everything tomorrow, or the next time you gonna see the judge. And every time they delay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin said he has friends who have paid up to $18,000 to attorneys to try and navigate the complex asylum process. Advocates are calling on Congress to simplify that process and provide funding to deal with the backlog of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a town hall meeting hosted by East Bay congresswoman Barbara Lee (D-Oakland), Nigerian immigrant Veronica Ufoegbune, president of the Anioma Tribal Association, described how Africans are at the mercy of a confusing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Africans, as you can see, are totally on the bottom of the totem. We need you to reach out and make it comprehensive,\" she told the congresswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said the Congressional Black Caucus hears the call and is working to influence political negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna stick together and make sure that immigrants of African descent or Caribbean descent from all over the world are included as part of this,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93908\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/immigration-reform-would-look-different-for-africans-and-afro-caribbeans/rs4495_008/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93908\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93908\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS4495_008-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Adoubou Traore (left) marches with about 1,000 people in San Francisco on a national day of action, to support a comprehensive immigration reform that includes a path to citizenship. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adoubou Traore (left) marches with about 1,000 people in San Francisco on a national day of action, to support a comprehensive immigration reform that includes a path to citizenship. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So what would African-friendly immigration reform look like? It might include eliminating the requirement to apply for asylum within one year of arrival. Speeding up family reunification. Creating a path to citizenship for those with temporary protected status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Joe Guzzardi, senior writing fellow with \u003ca href=\"http://www.capsweb.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Californians for Population Stabilization\u003c/a>, a group that believes immigration levels are too high, said streamlining the process for asylum seekers or refugees could be a hard sell in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are particularly tough issues because of the kind of history of fraud and the documented unreliability of some of the claims that are made for that status,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunu Kidane, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.priorityafrica.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Priority Africa Network\u003c/a> in Oakland, said African and Afro-Caribbean immigrants are beginning to command attention. In March, a coalition of African immigrant groups organized a rally on Capitol Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was unprecedented. Even if it had been 100 people instead of 400, I would have been very pleased,\" said Kidane, adding that it was the fruit of years of difficult organizing across national, ethnic and language boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It brought into a common platform groups that did not even know they existed, let alone to work together. So, you had the Cameroonians working with the Ugandans, working with the Nigerians, and you’ve people from Belize and Afro-Latinos and African-Americans, and people from Nigeria, who actually had to sit together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those groups were out again yesterday, on the lawn of the Capitol, alongside thousands of other immigrant advocates. Whether or not they’ve come together in time to influence current legislation remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the audio version of this report:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/African-Immigration.mp3]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yesterday's immigration rally in Washington, D.C., and the movement behind it have been propelled largely by Latino and Asian immigrants. But often missing from the conversation about immigration reform are the roughly 3 million immigrants of African descent. And their lack of visibility means their struggles with the immigration system aren’t necessarily on Congress’ agenda. But Africans and Afro-Caribbeans in the Bay Area are part of a growing movement to influence the debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93904\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/immigration-reform-would-look-different-for-africans-and-afro-caribbeans/rs4484_001/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93904\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93904\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS4484_001-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Adoubou Traore is the program director of the African Advocacy Network in San Francisco. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adoubou Traore is the program director of the African Advocacy Network in San Francisco. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From his cramped office in San Francisco’s Mission District, \u003ca href=\"http://aansf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">African Advocacy Network\u003c/a> program Director Adoubou Traore helps new arrivals from Africa find jobs, housing and, not least of all, immigration solutions. But he’s not convinced legislation from Washington will help his clients much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration reform is mostly targeting people who are undocumented,” Traore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that leaves out quite a few people, including refugees, and people with what’s called temporary protected status, or TPS, from impoverished or war-torn countries such as Haiti, Somalia and Sudan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that were you on the TPS, you never become an American citizen. You never become a permanent resident. You never be able to reunify your family here,” Traore said.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThen there are asylum seekers, like the man sitting across from Traore. Kevin, who because of his uncertain legal status doesn’t want to use his real name, fled civil war in his native Chad in 2009. When Kevin arrived in the United States, he was told his request for asylum would take two years to decide. Due to overburdened courts, it has now been almost four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The physical part or the financial part, I think everybody can mostly handle,\" Kevin said. “But the mental part is hard. Imagine being here almost four years. You think you are gonna get everything tomorrow, or the next time you gonna see the judge. And every time they delay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin said he has friends who have paid up to $18,000 to attorneys to try and navigate the complex asylum process. Advocates are calling on Congress to simplify that process and provide funding to deal with the backlog of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a town hall meeting hosted by East Bay congresswoman Barbara Lee (D-Oakland), Nigerian immigrant Veronica Ufoegbune, president of the Anioma Tribal Association, described how Africans are at the mercy of a confusing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Africans, as you can see, are totally on the bottom of the totem. We need you to reach out and make it comprehensive,\" she told the congresswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said the Congressional Black Caucus hears the call and is working to influence political negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna stick together and make sure that immigrants of African descent or Caribbean descent from all over the world are included as part of this,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93908\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/11/immigration-reform-would-look-different-for-africans-and-afro-caribbeans/rs4495_008/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93908\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-93908\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS4495_008-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Adoubou Traore (left) marches with about 1,000 people in San Francisco on a national day of action, to support a comprehensive immigration reform that includes a path to citizenship. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adoubou Traore (left) marches with about 1,000 people in San Francisco on a national day of action, to support a comprehensive immigration reform that includes a path to citizenship. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So what would African-friendly immigration reform look like? It might include eliminating the requirement to apply for asylum within one year of arrival. Speeding up family reunification. Creating a path to citizenship for those with temporary protected status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Joe Guzzardi, senior writing fellow with \u003ca href=\"http://www.capsweb.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Californians for Population Stabilization\u003c/a>, a group that believes immigration levels are too high, said streamlining the process for asylum seekers or refugees could be a hard sell in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are particularly tough issues because of the kind of history of fraud and the documented unreliability of some of the claims that are made for that status,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunu Kidane, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.priorityafrica.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Priority Africa Network\u003c/a> in Oakland, said African and Afro-Caribbean immigrants are beginning to command attention. In March, a coalition of African immigrant groups organized a rally on Capitol Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was unprecedented. Even if it had been 100 people instead of 400, I would have been very pleased,\" said Kidane, adding that it was the fruit of years of difficult organizing across national, ethnic and language boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It brought into a common platform groups that did not even know they existed, let alone to work together. So, you had the Cameroonians working with the Ugandans, working with the Nigerians, and you’ve people from Belize and Afro-Latinos and African-Americans, and people from Nigeria, who actually had to sit together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those groups were out again yesterday, on the lawn of the Capitol, alongside thousands of other immigrant advocates. Whether or not they’ve come together in time to influence current legislation remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the audio version of this report:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "(Video) Ruling on Monterey Fracking Knocks Regulators; Bill Advances in Senate",
"title": "(Video) Ruling on Monterey Fracking Knocks Regulators; Bill Advances in Senate",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> A bill regulating fracking in California passed Tuesday in the state Senate's Natural Resources and Water Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County Democrat Fran Pavley’s measure requires drillers to apply for permits before they use pressurized water to extract oil from shale rock, and to inform the state how much water they use and what chemicals go into their fracking fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83253\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/12/18/instagram-says-users-photos-wont-appear-in-ads/with-afp-story-by-veronique-dupont-us-e/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-83253\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-83253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/fracking-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"Workers change the pipes in a fracking operation in Waynesburg, PA. (Mladen Antonov/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers change the pipes in a fracking operation in Waynesburg, Pa. (Mladen Antonov/AFP/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Mladen Antonov/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pavley’s bill also would bar the Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) from issuing fracking permits until the state completes a study into drilling’s risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision worries Rock Zierman of the California Independent Petroleum Association. “We’ve seen this tactic used in other states, particularly in New York where they’ve been working on a study now for four years, so it becomes a de facto moratorium,” he told lawmakers at the Tuesday morning hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Aside from the conditional moratorium, Pavley’s measure, SB 4, covers much of the same ground as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/03/22/118219/california_debates_how_to_regulate_fracking?category=science\">regulations\u003c/a> DOGGR is in the process of drafting. Pavley told the Senate committee that her bill aims to “nudge” the department into writing tougher rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavley’s bill is one of eight fracking-related measures in front of lawmakers this year. Other bills in front of the Senate and Assembly do everything from creating a permanent ban on fracking, to tracking and regulating how drillers dispose of salt and chemical-laced fracking fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale drilling is already underway in the Monterey formation, and legislators like Pavley are aiming to stop the the kind of thing the Central Valley Regional Water Board is accusing a Kern County driller of doing. On Tuesday, the board announced it is investigating Vintage Production California for allegedly dumping fracking wastewater into an unprotected pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s investigation was sparked by this 2012 YouTube video showing the drilling company dumping fracking water into a trench next to its drilling site:\u003cbr>\n[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxb671gbmkY?rel=0]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the board’s release notes, proper fracking operations in the region use portable tanks that capture hydraulic fracking wastewater and contain it for proper disposal, or obtain the required environmental permits to discharge the material into systems designed to protect surface and ground water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate hearing followed a court ruling on Sunday that found fault with the way federal regulators have permitted fracking in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the story from The Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Garance Burke, Associated Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Federal land managers violated a key environmental law when they auctioned off the rights to drill for oil and gas on 2,500 acres of prime public land in Monterey County, home to one of the largest deposits of shale oil in the nation, a judge ruled.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A committee of the California State Senate is expected to vote Tuesday on a bill to regulate fracking. Watch this space for more. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal said in a ruling posted Sunday that the Bureau of Land Management should have conducted a comprehensive environmental review of the potential impacts caused by fracking before accepting bids for the drilling rights, in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grewal did not say whether the leases themselves would be invalidated, but said he would decide their fate after the parties meet and send him a proposal next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both county officials and environmental groups expressed concerns two years ago about BLM's plans to auction off the drilling rights for parcels near the lush Salinas River Valley before doing a sweeping review of the impact on water, wildlife and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking has been quietly occurring for decades in several oil-rich California counties, including Los Angeles, Kern, Monterey and Sacramento. Other states also use the technique to recover natural gas.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists often worry that fracking can contaminate groundwater and pollute the air. The industry, however, has said the practice has been safely used for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leases sold in September 2011 include scenic stretches of southern Monterey County, where cattle ranchers and wine grape growers rely on tight water supplies to irrigate their pasturelands and vineyards. The area is also part of the historic range of the endangered California condor, whose global population was recently estimated at fewer than 400 birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity, one of the plaintiffs, alleged the bureau had failed to properly review the environmental risks associated with increased oil and gas development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This important decision recognizes that fracking poses new and unique risks to California's air, water and wildlife that agencies simply can no longer ignore,\" said Brendan Cummings, the center's senior counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning bidders would still need to be granted an additional permit from the bureau in order to start drilling using traditional technologies, or hydraulic fracturing, a technique to extract hard-to-reach gas and oil by pummeling rocks deep underground with high-pressure water, sand and chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bureau spokesman David Christy said Monday afternoon he could not immediately comment on the decision as the agency had not had time to review it, but said officials planned to meet with the other parties according to the judge's direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the ruling:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca title=\"View Fracking Ruling 13 04 07 on Scribd\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/134955341/Fracking-Ruling-13-04-07\">Fracking Ruling 13 04 07\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/134955341/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Update: A bill regulating fracking in California passed Tuesday in the state Senate's Natural Resources and Water Committee. Los Angeles County Democrat Fran Pavley’s measure requires drillers to apply for permits before they use pressurized water to extract oil from shale rock, and to inform the state how much water they use and what chemicals",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> A bill regulating fracking in California passed Tuesday in the state Senate's Natural Resources and Water Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County Democrat Fran Pavley’s measure requires drillers to apply for permits before they use pressurized water to extract oil from shale rock, and to inform the state how much water they use and what chemicals go into their fracking fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_83253\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/12/18/instagram-says-users-photos-wont-appear-in-ads/with-afp-story-by-veronique-dupont-us-e/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-83253\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-83253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/fracking-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"Workers change the pipes in a fracking operation in Waynesburg, PA. (Mladen Antonov/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers change the pipes in a fracking operation in Waynesburg, Pa. (Mladen Antonov/AFP/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Mladen Antonov/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pavley’s bill also would bar the Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR) from issuing fracking permits until the state completes a study into drilling’s risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That provision worries Rock Zierman of the California Independent Petroleum Association. “We’ve seen this tactic used in other states, particularly in New York where they’ve been working on a study now for four years, so it becomes a de facto moratorium,” he told lawmakers at the Tuesday morning hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Aside from the conditional moratorium, Pavley’s measure, SB 4, covers much of the same ground as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/03/22/118219/california_debates_how_to_regulate_fracking?category=science\">regulations\u003c/a> DOGGR is in the process of drafting. Pavley told the Senate committee that her bill aims to “nudge” the department into writing tougher rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavley’s bill is one of eight fracking-related measures in front of lawmakers this year. Other bills in front of the Senate and Assembly do everything from creating a permanent ban on fracking, to tracking and regulating how drillers dispose of salt and chemical-laced fracking fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale drilling is already underway in the Monterey formation, and legislators like Pavley are aiming to stop the the kind of thing the Central Valley Regional Water Board is accusing a Kern County driller of doing. On Tuesday, the board announced it is investigating Vintage Production California for allegedly dumping fracking wastewater into an unprotected pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board’s investigation was sparked by this 2012 YouTube video showing the drilling company dumping fracking water into a trench next to its drilling site:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/mxb671gbmkY?rel=0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/mxb671gbmkY?rel=0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the board’s release notes, proper fracking operations in the region use portable tanks that capture hydraulic fracking wastewater and contain it for proper disposal, or obtain the required environmental permits to discharge the material into systems designed to protect surface and ground water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate hearing followed a court ruling on Sunday that found fault with the way federal regulators have permitted fracking in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the story from The Associated Press:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Garance Burke, Associated Press\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Federal land managers violated a key environmental law when they auctioned off the rights to drill for oil and gas on 2,500 acres of prime public land in Monterey County, home to one of the largest deposits of shale oil in the nation, a judge ruled.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A committee of the California State Senate is expected to vote Tuesday on a bill to regulate fracking. Watch this space for more. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Paul Grewal said in a ruling posted Sunday that the Bureau of Land Management should have conducted a comprehensive environmental review of the potential impacts caused by fracking before accepting bids for the drilling rights, in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grewal did not say whether the leases themselves would be invalidated, but said he would decide their fate after the parties meet and send him a proposal next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both county officials and environmental groups expressed concerns two years ago about BLM's plans to auction off the drilling rights for parcels near the lush Salinas River Valley before doing a sweeping review of the impact on water, wildlife and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking has been quietly occurring for decades in several oil-rich California counties, including Los Angeles, Kern, Monterey and Sacramento. Other states also use the technique to recover natural gas.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists often worry that fracking can contaminate groundwater and pollute the air. The industry, however, has said the practice has been safely used for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leases sold in September 2011 include scenic stretches of southern Monterey County, where cattle ranchers and wine grape growers rely on tight water supplies to irrigate their pasturelands and vineyards. The area is also part of the historic range of the endangered California condor, whose global population was recently estimated at fewer than 400 birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Biological Diversity, one of the plaintiffs, alleged the bureau had failed to properly review the environmental risks associated with increased oil and gas development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This important decision recognizes that fracking poses new and unique risks to California's air, water and wildlife that agencies simply can no longer ignore,\" said Brendan Cummings, the center's senior counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning bidders would still need to be granted an additional permit from the bureau in order to start drilling using traditional technologies, or hydraulic fracturing, a technique to extract hard-to-reach gas and oil by pummeling rocks deep underground with high-pressure water, sand and chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bureau spokesman David Christy said Monday afternoon he could not immediately comment on the decision as the agency had not had time to review it, but said officials planned to meet with the other parties according to the judge's direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the ruling:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca title=\"View Fracking Ruling 13 04 07 on Scribd\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/134955341/Fracking-Ruling-13-04-07\">Fracking Ruling 13 04 07\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/134955341/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Judge Rules Against Calif. Control of Prison Mental Health Programs",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — A federal judge on Friday rejected Gov. Jerry Brown’s bid to regain state control of inmates’ mental health care, citing systematic failures to reduce prison suicides, provide timely care and hire enough staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/judge-rules-against-calif-control-of-prison-mental-health-programs/supreme-court-to-rule-on-californias-overcrowded-prisons-4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93554\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS50_ChinoStatePrisonInmates20130108-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"Inmates at Chino State Prison. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93554\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inmates at Chino State Prison. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Photo By: Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The decision is a blow to the Democratic governor’s attempts to end nearly two decades of expensive federal lawsuits that influence nearly every aspect of California’s prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Lawrence Karlton in Sacramento ruled that the state failed to prove that it is providing the level of care required by the U.S. Constitution for the state’s more than 32,000 mentally ill inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This court finds that ongoing constitutional violations remain in this action and the prospective relief ordered by this court remains necessary to remedy those violations,” the judge said in his 68-page decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it will appeal the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unfortunate that the judge didn’t give the appropriate weight to reports by national experts who found that CDCR is providing constitutional mental health care to inmates, and in fact, is a model for the nation,” Deborah Hoffman, spokeswoman for the agency, said in a statement. “We will appeal this decision and are confident that we will prevail. It’s time for this costly and intrusive lawsuit — now in its 23rd year — to come to an end.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe ruling also undermines Brown’s efforts to lift a separate court order that otherwise will force the state to reduce its prison population by nearly 10,000 by year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge and attorneys for both sides acknowledged that the state has made significant improvements in its treatment of mentally ill inmates since the lawsuit was filed in 1991. That suit claimed care at the time was so poor it violated the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, prompting federal supervision to be imposed four years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has spent more than $1 billion on new facilities and devotes $400 million a year to caring for the mentally ill, who account for about one in every four inmates in the state’s 33 adult prisons. The administration has argued that it no longer is deliberately indifferent to the needs of mentally ill inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet court-appointed experts reported that the prison system still has major problems. That includes a suicide rate that worsened last year to 24 per 100,000 inmates, far exceeding the national average of 16 suicides per 100,000 inmates in state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the state’s efforts to build more mental health facilities and hire more staff at higher salaries, attorneys representing inmates said more needs to be done. In his ruling, Karlton agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Systemic failures persist in the form of inadequate suicide prevention measures, excessive administrative segregation of the mentally ill, lack of timely access to adequate care, insufficient treatment space and access to beds, and unmet staffing needs,” the judge wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge further said the state could not be trusted to continue the improvements if court oversight was lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is overwhelming evidence in the record that much of defendants’ progress to date is due to the pressure of this and other litigation,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four experts hired by the state said they found adequate care at the 13 prisons they visited last year. But the judge sharply criticized the state for letting those experts talk to mentally ill inmates without notifying their attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lapse was such a major breach of professional ethics that the judge discarded the experts’ opinions that formed the core of the state’s case. Without them, Karlton said he had no choice but to dismiss the state’s motion to terminate the lawsuit for lack of evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he also noted that he would have made the same ruling even if the opinions were allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman, the corrections department spokeswoman, said there was nothing unethical about their evaluations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge was upset that he had no opportunity to question both sides’ experts before making a decision because of the strict 90-day deadline set by Congress under the 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act. Brown started the clock running in January when he filed the motion to end the class-action lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for inmates said the state would be better off improving conditions for the mentally ill than spending more time and money on a lengthy appeals process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of wasting the taxpayers’ money on an appeal, why not use that money to fix the problems?” lawyer Ernie Galvan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the lawsuit had allowed “a bright light to be shown into the darkest recesses of the prison system” and that Friday’s decision confirmed that unconstitutional conditions remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s prison medical system also has been under federal court supervision. The courts have said prison overcrowding has been the main culprit, leading to an order to greatly reduce the inmate population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population cap was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2011, but the state has been unable to reach the required level despite enacting Brown’s so-called realignment law, which requires lower-level offenders to serve their sentences in county jails instead of state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/134296150/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — A federal judge on Friday rejected Gov. Jerry Brown's bid to regain state control of inmates' mental health care, citing systematic failures to reduce prison suicides, provide timely care and hire enough staff. The decision is a blow to the Democratic governor's attempts to end nearly two decades of expensive federal lawsuits that influence nearly every aspect of California's prison system. U.S. District Judge Lawrence Karlton in Sacramento ruled that the state failed to prove that it is providing the level of care required by the U.S. Constitution for the state's more than 32,000 mentally ill",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — A federal judge on Friday rejected Gov. Jerry Brown’s bid to regain state control of inmates’ mental health care, citing systematic failures to reduce prison suicides, provide timely care and hire enough staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93554\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/judge-rules-against-calif-control-of-prison-mental-health-programs/supreme-court-to-rule-on-californias-overcrowded-prisons-4/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93554\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/RS50_ChinoStatePrisonInmates20130108-300x215.jpg\" alt=\"Inmates at Chino State Prison. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"215\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93554\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inmates at Chino State Prison. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Photo By: Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The decision is a blow to the Democratic governor’s attempts to end nearly two decades of expensive federal lawsuits that influence nearly every aspect of California’s prison system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Lawrence Karlton in Sacramento ruled that the state failed to prove that it is providing the level of care required by the U.S. Constitution for the state’s more than 32,000 mentally ill inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This court finds that ongoing constitutional violations remain in this action and the prospective relief ordered by this court remains necessary to remedy those violations,” the judge said in his 68-page decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it will appeal the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unfortunate that the judge didn’t give the appropriate weight to reports by national experts who found that CDCR is providing constitutional mental health care to inmates, and in fact, is a model for the nation,” Deborah Hoffman, spokeswoman for the agency, said in a statement. “We will appeal this decision and are confident that we will prevail. It’s time for this costly and intrusive lawsuit — now in its 23rd year — to come to an end.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe ruling also undermines Brown’s efforts to lift a separate court order that otherwise will force the state to reduce its prison population by nearly 10,000 by year’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge and attorneys for both sides acknowledged that the state has made significant improvements in its treatment of mentally ill inmates since the lawsuit was filed in 1991. That suit claimed care at the time was so poor it violated the Constitution’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, prompting federal supervision to be imposed four years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has spent more than $1 billion on new facilities and devotes $400 million a year to caring for the mentally ill, who account for about one in every four inmates in the state’s 33 adult prisons. The administration has argued that it no longer is deliberately indifferent to the needs of mentally ill inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet court-appointed experts reported that the prison system still has major problems. That includes a suicide rate that worsened last year to 24 per 100,000 inmates, far exceeding the national average of 16 suicides per 100,000 inmates in state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the state’s efforts to build more mental health facilities and hire more staff at higher salaries, attorneys representing inmates said more needs to be done. In his ruling, Karlton agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Systemic failures persist in the form of inadequate suicide prevention measures, excessive administrative segregation of the mentally ill, lack of timely access to adequate care, insufficient treatment space and access to beds, and unmet staffing needs,” the judge wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge further said the state could not be trusted to continue the improvements if court oversight was lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is overwhelming evidence in the record that much of defendants’ progress to date is due to the pressure of this and other litigation,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four experts hired by the state said they found adequate care at the 13 prisons they visited last year. But the judge sharply criticized the state for letting those experts talk to mentally ill inmates without notifying their attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lapse was such a major breach of professional ethics that the judge discarded the experts’ opinions that formed the core of the state’s case. Without them, Karlton said he had no choice but to dismiss the state’s motion to terminate the lawsuit for lack of evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he also noted that he would have made the same ruling even if the opinions were allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman, the corrections department spokeswoman, said there was nothing unethical about their evaluations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge was upset that he had no opportunity to question both sides’ experts before making a decision because of the strict 90-day deadline set by Congress under the 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act. Brown started the clock running in January when he filed the motion to end the class-action lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorneys for inmates said the state would be better off improving conditions for the mentally ill than spending more time and money on a lengthy appeals process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of wasting the taxpayers’ money on an appeal, why not use that money to fix the problems?” lawyer Ernie Galvan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the lawsuit had allowed “a bright light to be shown into the darkest recesses of the prison system” and that Friday’s decision confirmed that unconstitutional conditions remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s prison medical system also has been under federal court supervision. The courts have said prison overcrowding has been the main culprit, leading to an order to greatly reduce the inmate population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population cap was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2011, but the state has been unable to reach the required level despite enacting Brown’s so-called realignment law, which requires lower-level offenders to serve their sentences in county jails instead of state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/134296150/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "News Pix: Central Valley Farmers Flood Their Fields, Cal Women Head to Final Four and Berkeley's Outstanding Architecture",
"title": "News Pix: Central Valley Farmers Flood Their Fields, Cal Women Head to Final Four and Berkeley's Outstanding Architecture",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/vineyard0405/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93482\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93482\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/vineyard0405.jpg\" alt=\"vineyard0405\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terranova Ranch sits southeast of Fresno in the King's River basin, an area where farmers are pumping unsustainable volumes of water in dry years. At the other extreme, farms and communities here risk floods when rivers are pulsing with too much water. Terranova is \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/how-flooding-fields-could-alleviate-water-supply-stress/\" target=\"_blank\">experimenting\u003c/a> with a way to address both problems. They capture excess river water in the occasional big water years, diverting it directly into crop fields, where the water will sink into the ground, and recharge the aquifer. (Courtesy Courtesy Phil Bachand and Don Cameron at Terranova Ranch)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/calbasketball/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93487\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93487\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/calbasketball.jpg\" alt=\"calbasketball\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of Cal Bears fans \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/04/04/118916/cal_fans_rally_to_send_off_golden_bears?category=bay+area\" target=\"_blank\">rallied at Haas Pavillion\u003c/a> Thursday to send off the women’s basketball team, who are headed to New Orleans for the NCAA Final Four. It's the first time the team has made it to the Final Four. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/ucb-stadium-and-sahpc6/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93470\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93470\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/UCB-Stadium-and-SAHPC6.jpg\" alt=\"UCB-Stadium-and-SAHPC6\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley may be known for its traditional brown-shingled Craftsman dwellings but the city boasts some fine contemporary architecture too. Berkeley Design Advocates last week \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/03/nine-berkeley-buildings-win-design-excellence-awards/\" target=\"_blank\">gave awards\u003c/a> to the teams behind nine recently built or renovated buildings, including UC Berkeley's Memorial Stadium, with its striking elevated press box. (BDA/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/attachment/005/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93472\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/005.jpg\" alt=\"005\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Berkeley's emergency services \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/03/police-fire-practice-active-shooter-drill-at-adult-school/\" target=\"_blank\">conducted a drill\u003c/a> at the Berkeley Adult School to practice how to respond to a Sandy Hook style scenario. The drill enacted a scenario involving injured and deceased \"victims,\" as well as a barricaded gunman. (Emilie Raguso/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/ucsfhospitalprotest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93473\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93473\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/ucsfhospitalprotest.jpg\" alt=\"ucsfhospitalprotest\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF employees \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/04/04/118909/hospital_staff_protest_cuts_at_ucsf?category=bay+area\" target=\"_blank\">are protesting\u003c/a> the university's decision to cut 300 hospital jobs. About a hundred people shut down the street Thursday in front of the hospital. Police arrested 10 people who refused to leave the street. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/130403-jacob-valdiviezo-riordan-football-players-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93479\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93479\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/130403-Jacob-Valdiviezo-Riordan-Football-Players-2.jpg\" alt=\"130403---Jacob-Valdiviezo---Riordan-Football-Players-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mission District native and Archbishop Riordan High School alumnus Jacob Valdiviezo was \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/04/04/118918/sf_mission_district_shocked_by_senseless_killing?category=bay+area\" target=\"_blank\">shot and killed\u003c/a> early Easter Sunday in what police say could be an act of gang violence. Riordan football players showed support for Valdiviezo’s family on Wednesday, April 4, at a candle-light vigil for the slain teen. The crowd of mourners who gathered for the vigil was so large police closed the block to traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valdiviezo was walking with a friend near his family’s home when an unidentified man approached and asked what gang the two claimed, said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the city's police department. The man then fatally shot the 19-year-old and fled the scene. Police have not made any arrests, and the investigation is ongoing, Esparza said. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/vineyard0405/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93482\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93482\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/vineyard0405.jpg\" alt=\"vineyard0405\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terranova Ranch sits southeast of Fresno in the King's River basin, an area where farmers are pumping unsustainable volumes of water in dry years. At the other extreme, farms and communities here risk floods when rivers are pulsing with too much water. Terranova is \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/how-flooding-fields-could-alleviate-water-supply-stress/\" target=\"_blank\">experimenting\u003c/a> with a way to address both problems. They capture excess river water in the occasional big water years, diverting it directly into crop fields, where the water will sink into the ground, and recharge the aquifer. (Courtesy Courtesy Phil Bachand and Don Cameron at Terranova Ranch)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/calbasketball/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93487\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93487\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/calbasketball.jpg\" alt=\"calbasketball\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of Cal Bears fans \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/04/04/118916/cal_fans_rally_to_send_off_golden_bears?category=bay+area\" target=\"_blank\">rallied at Haas Pavillion\u003c/a> Thursday to send off the women’s basketball team, who are headed to New Orleans for the NCAA Final Four. It's the first time the team has made it to the Final Four. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/ucb-stadium-and-sahpc6/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93470\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93470\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/UCB-Stadium-and-SAHPC6.jpg\" alt=\"UCB-Stadium-and-SAHPC6\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley may be known for its traditional brown-shingled Craftsman dwellings but the city boasts some fine contemporary architecture too. Berkeley Design Advocates last week \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/03/nine-berkeley-buildings-win-design-excellence-awards/\" target=\"_blank\">gave awards\u003c/a> to the teams behind nine recently built or renovated buildings, including UC Berkeley's Memorial Stadium, with its striking elevated press box. (BDA/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/attachment/005/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93472\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93472\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/005.jpg\" alt=\"005\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Berkeley's emergency services \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/04/03/police-fire-practice-active-shooter-drill-at-adult-school/\" target=\"_blank\">conducted a drill\u003c/a> at the Berkeley Adult School to practice how to respond to a Sandy Hook style scenario. The drill enacted a scenario involving injured and deceased \"victims,\" as well as a barricaded gunman. (Emilie Raguso/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/ucsfhospitalprotest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93473\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93473\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/ucsfhospitalprotest.jpg\" alt=\"ucsfhospitalprotest\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF employees \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/04/04/118909/hospital_staff_protest_cuts_at_ucsf?category=bay+area\" target=\"_blank\">are protesting\u003c/a> the university's decision to cut 300 hospital jobs. About a hundred people shut down the street Thursday in front of the hospital. Police arrested 10 people who refused to leave the street. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/news-pix-central-valley-farmers-flood-their-fields-cal-women-head-to-final-four-and-berkeleys-outstanding-architecture/130403-jacob-valdiviezo-riordan-football-players-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93479\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-93479\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/130403-Jacob-Valdiviezo-Riordan-Football-Players-2.jpg\" alt=\"130403---Jacob-Valdiviezo---Riordan-Football-Players-2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mission District native and Archbishop Riordan High School alumnus Jacob Valdiviezo was \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2013/04/04/118918/sf_mission_district_shocked_by_senseless_killing?category=bay+area\" target=\"_blank\">shot and killed\u003c/a> early Easter Sunday in what police say could be an act of gang violence. Riordan football players showed support for Valdiviezo’s family on Wednesday, April 4, at a candle-light vigil for the slain teen. The crowd of mourners who gathered for the vigil was so large police closed the block to traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valdiviezo was walking with a friend near his family’s home when an unidentified man approached and asked what gang the two claimed, said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the city's police department. The man then fatally shot the 19-year-old and fled the scene. Police have not made any arrests, and the investigation is ongoing, Esparza said. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>By Elaine Korry\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the most comprehensive gun control laws in the nation. It is also the only state with an active program to disarm people who own guns illegally. Since 2007, the state Department of Justice has been sending trained agents to seize registered firearms from people who have lost their right to own a gun. That can happen after being convicted of a felony or violent misdemeanor, being placed under a restraining order for domestic violence or being adjudicated as mentally unstable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93387\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/calif-program-hunts-down-illegal-gunowners/la-county-destroys-several-thousand-confiscated-weapons/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93387\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/75379491-300x200.jpg\" alt=\" Steel workers look over a pile of more than 4,300 confiscated illegal weapons about to be melted down during the 14th Annual Gun Destruction program. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steel workers look over a pile of more than 4,300 confiscated illegal weapons about to be melted down during the 14th Annual Gun Destruction program. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening in Modesto, three white unmarked vans containing special agents of the Bureau of Firearms met at a mall parking lot. After gearing up, they set out on their mission: to track down and seize firearms owned by dangerous criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“27, you good?” The radio crackled as the agents on the team communicated with their supervisor, Special Agent John Marsh. “Yeah, we’re gonna head out to No. 1 on the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their first stop was the home of a convicted felon who was on probation. A state database of registered firearms showed that the former narcotics dealer had several guns, which were now prohibited because of his conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convoy pulled up in front of a one-story tan stucco building surrounded by a chain-link fence. Agents surveyed the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“25, yes, we’re Code 4.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nSatisfied they were in the right place, seven agents — wearing bulletproof vests and carrying .40-caliber Glock pistols — cautiously moved to the front door. Agent Marsh waited as they made contact, and asked for additional support to deal with several dogs in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agents entered the man’s house.They were allowed to search it because he was on probation. The search turned up some ammunition but no weapons. “He said he had sold the guns to a pawnshop, so agents will have to do follow-up to determine if his story is correct or not,” Marsh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team returned empty-handed. But they knew all too well that the guns were out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities have identified tens of thousands of registered firearms in California owned by people who have lost their right to possess a gun. The gun seizure program, dubbed APPS, for Armed and Prohibited Persons, generated a list of prohibited owners by cross-referencing court and mental hospital records with the state’s gun registry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on the streets of Modesto, the agents arrived at their second stop. “The next person is also a convicted felon, a female, in possession of two handguns,” Marsh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young woman soon came into the front yard, with several children. The agents entered the house. They did not find any firearms but emerged with a bearded man in handcuffs, who had an outstanding arrest warrant. Patrol cars soon arrived to take him away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/calif-program-hunts-down-illegal-gunowners/img_20130321_175209/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93388\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/IMG_20130321_175209-300x225.jpeg\" alt=\"The 22-caliber Sturm Ruger semi-automatic rifle seized by state agents working in Modesto. The weapon is one of thousands of illegal weapons confiscated from convicted felons and others who are barred from owning guns. (Elaine Korry/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 22-caliber Sturm Ruger semi-automatic rifle seized by state agents working in Modesto. The weapon is one of thousands of illegal weapons confiscated from convicted felons and others who are barred from owning guns. (Elaine Korry/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the third stop, Marsh said the suspect surrendered within minutes. “He has a misdemeanor conviction; he’s prohibited from owning firearms; he has a .22-caliber rifle inside the residence,” said Marsh. “He’s currently in custody, the firearm will be seized and he’ll be transported to Stanislaus County Jail.” For this offense, the man could be charged with a felony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Marsh said another potentially lethal weapon, a Sturm Ruger .22-caliber semi-automatic with a collapsible stock, was taken out of circulation\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide last year, Bureau of Firearms agents seized nearly 2,000 firearms and more than 100,000 rounds of ammunition through the APPS program. Last month the California State Senate approved a bill by Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco) to appropriate $24 million in new funding to add 36 agents to this unique program. Currently 33 agents are spread over the entire state, which officials say is inadequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very labor-intensive process,” said Michelle Gregory, a spokeswoman for Attorney General Kamala Harris. According to Gregory, this type of law enforcement requires extensive background work: cross-checking databases; tracking down addresses; and constantly updating records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have analysts that then go and check all that information,” Gregory said. “Once that’s done, these agents that you see out here tonight get those case files, go through them, and then come out and try to get those firearms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges for the APPS program is that the state cannot identify guns that have never been registered. But John Marsh is convinced his agents have saved lives by disarming dangerous people. He said on a good night the team might collect a dozen or more illegal weapons. And they rarely have a bad night, he said: “Bad nights don’t happen very often. We’re usually successful in disarming individuals every time we go out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The APPS program has won even the support of the pro-gun lobby. Sam Paredes, chief lobbyist for Gun Owners of California, which has about 30,000 members, said he has no objections to the APPS program. “It’s about crime control and not gun control,” Paredes said. “It is going after people who by their own actions have gone from being lawful gun owners to unlawful gun owners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Attorney General Harris wrote to Vice President Joe Biden, promoting California’s APPS program as a national model. She also announced her support for U.S. Rep. Mike Thompson’s legislation to create a national grant program that would allow other states to start their own programs to seize illegal guns.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>By Elaine Korry\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the most comprehensive gun control laws in the nation. It is also the only state with an active program to disarm people who own guns illegally. Since 2007, the state Department of Justice has been sending trained agents to seize registered firearms from people who have lost their right to own a gun. That can happen after being convicted of a felony or violent misdemeanor, being placed under a restraining order for domestic violence or being adjudicated as mentally unstable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93387\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/calif-program-hunts-down-illegal-gunowners/la-county-destroys-several-thousand-confiscated-weapons/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93387\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/75379491-300x200.jpg\" alt=\" Steel workers look over a pile of more than 4,300 confiscated illegal weapons about to be melted down during the 14th Annual Gun Destruction program. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steel workers look over a pile of more than 4,300 confiscated illegal weapons about to be melted down during the 14th Annual Gun Destruction program. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening in Modesto, three white unmarked vans containing special agents of the Bureau of Firearms met at a mall parking lot. After gearing up, they set out on their mission: to track down and seize firearms owned by dangerous criminals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“27, you good?” The radio crackled as the agents on the team communicated with their supervisor, Special Agent John Marsh. “Yeah, we’re gonna head out to No. 1 on the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their first stop was the home of a convicted felon who was on probation. A state database of registered firearms showed that the former narcotics dealer had several guns, which were now prohibited because of his conviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convoy pulled up in front of a one-story tan stucco building surrounded by a chain-link fence. Agents surveyed the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“25, yes, we’re Code 4.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nSatisfied they were in the right place, seven agents — wearing bulletproof vests and carrying .40-caliber Glock pistols — cautiously moved to the front door. Agent Marsh waited as they made contact, and asked for additional support to deal with several dogs in the backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agents entered the man’s house.They were allowed to search it because he was on probation. The search turned up some ammunition but no weapons. “He said he had sold the guns to a pawnshop, so agents will have to do follow-up to determine if his story is correct or not,” Marsh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team returned empty-handed. But they knew all too well that the guns were out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities have identified tens of thousands of registered firearms in California owned by people who have lost their right to possess a gun. The gun seizure program, dubbed APPS, for Armed and Prohibited Persons, generated a list of prohibited owners by cross-referencing court and mental hospital records with the state’s gun registry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on the streets of Modesto, the agents arrived at their second stop. “The next person is also a convicted felon, a female, in possession of two handguns,” Marsh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young woman soon came into the front yard, with several children. The agents entered the house. They did not find any firearms but emerged with a bearded man in handcuffs, who had an outstanding arrest warrant. Patrol cars soon arrived to take him away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_93388\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/05/calif-program-hunts-down-illegal-gunowners/img_20130321_175209/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-93388\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-93388\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/IMG_20130321_175209-300x225.jpeg\" alt=\"The 22-caliber Sturm Ruger semi-automatic rifle seized by state agents working in Modesto. The weapon is one of thousands of illegal weapons confiscated from convicted felons and others who are barred from owning guns. (Elaine Korry/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 22-caliber Sturm Ruger semi-automatic rifle seized by state agents working in Modesto. The weapon is one of thousands of illegal weapons confiscated from convicted felons and others who are barred from owning guns. (Elaine Korry/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the third stop, Marsh said the suspect surrendered within minutes. “He has a misdemeanor conviction; he’s prohibited from owning firearms; he has a .22-caliber rifle inside the residence,” said Marsh. “He’s currently in custody, the firearm will be seized and he’ll be transported to Stanislaus County Jail.” For this offense, the man could be charged with a felony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Marsh said another potentially lethal weapon, a Sturm Ruger .22-caliber semi-automatic with a collapsible stock, was taken out of circulation\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide last year, Bureau of Firearms agents seized nearly 2,000 firearms and more than 100,000 rounds of ammunition through the APPS program. Last month the California State Senate approved a bill by Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco) to appropriate $24 million in new funding to add 36 agents to this unique program. Currently 33 agents are spread over the entire state, which officials say is inadequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very labor-intensive process,” said Michelle Gregory, a spokeswoman for Attorney General Kamala Harris. According to Gregory, this type of law enforcement requires extensive background work: cross-checking databases; tracking down addresses; and constantly updating records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have analysts that then go and check all that information,” Gregory said. “Once that’s done, these agents that you see out here tonight get those case files, go through them, and then come out and try to get those firearms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges for the APPS program is that the state cannot identify guns that have never been registered. But John Marsh is convinced his agents have saved lives by disarming dangerous people. He said on a good night the team might collect a dozen or more illegal weapons. And they rarely have a bad night, he said: “Bad nights don’t happen very often. We’re usually successful in disarming individuals every time we go out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The APPS program has won even the support of the pro-gun lobby. Sam Paredes, chief lobbyist for Gun Owners of California, which has about 30,000 members, said he has no objections to the APPS program. “It’s about crime control and not gun control,” Paredes said. “It is going after people who by their own actions have gone from being lawful gun owners to unlawful gun owners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Attorney General Harris wrote to Vice President Joe Biden, promoting California’s APPS program as a national model. She also announced her support for U.S. Rep. Mike Thompson’s legislation to create a national grant program that would allow other states to start their own programs to seize illegal guns.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Grover Norquist on KQED's Forum: The Tax Pledge and Beyond",
"headTitle": "Grover Norquist on KQED’s Forum: The Tax Pledge and Beyond | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Grover Norquist, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Tax Reform\u003c/a>, is best known for \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/taxpayer-protection-pledge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the tax pledge\u003c/a> that his group asks Republican candidates and politicians to sign. The pledge basically says that the signee will not support new taxes or reductions to current tax deductions and credits, in any shape or form. Norquist joined \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/programs/forum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> to talk about the pledge and its power, as well as immigration and reform in the criminal justice system. Highlights of the interview are below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19581\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 167px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/03/10/in-budget-battle-brown-locks-horns-with-the-big-daddy-of-tax-cutters-grover-norquist/grovernorquistsm/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19581\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/03/grovernorquistSM.jpg\" alt=\"Grover Norquist (Gage Skidmore)\" width=\"167\" height=\"192\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grover Norquist (Gage Skidmore)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But first, \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/11/norquists-tax-pledge-what-it-is-and-how-it-started/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">if you are unfamiliar with the pledge\u003c/a>, here’s a copy of it written for a member of the House of Representatives (the language is slightly different in versions for governors, and members of the Senate and state legislatures).\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I, _______________, pledge to the taxpayers of the _____ district\u003cbr>\nof the state of__________, and to the American people that I will: ONE, oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rates for individuals and/or businesses; and TWO, oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Krasny questioned Norquist on whether it’s fair to punish government officials who go against the pledge. Norquist was quick to point out that the pledge is made to one’s constituents, not to him or to \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Tax Reform\u003c/a>:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist:\u003c/strong> The pledge, if you read it—you go to our website, \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atr.org\u003c/a>—the pledge is to the American people and to the people of their state. It’s not to me. I know that \u003ca href=\"http://www.reid.senate.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harry Reid\u003c/a> misstates that, and the caller may be listening to Harry Reid, but they should go and read the pledge themselves, and then they would be glad to know that no one is making any commitments to me; they’re making commitments only to their constituents…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krasny:\u003c/strong> But if you break that pledge, you come down on them, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist: \u003c/strong>Well, actually, they’re not worried about me, they’re worried about their constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krasny: \u003c/strong>Well your organization comes down on them, though, and makes it, shall we say, difficult to raise money from other sources in the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: \u003c/em>Well, actually, I don’t think that we even put [out] a press release when George Herbert Walker Bush broke his pledge because the whole world noticed it, and they threw him out of the White House. I didn’t have to throw a rock at him; the American people said, “You said you weren’t going to do that and you did it. Goodbye!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krasny\u003c/strong>\u003cem>:\u003c/em> “Read my lips,” huh?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist:\u003c/strong> “Read my lips.” And look, the American people don’t like to be lied to—it’s not a good idea to lie your way into office—and I encourage everyone to be up front: if you’re going to raise their taxes, tell ’em that you’re going to raise [their] taxes when you feel like it, and they better get used to being ridden. And if your position is you’re not going to raise their taxes, keep your word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forum conversation didn’t stop with the tax pledge. Norquist shared his opinions on immigration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On immigration, what the Republicans are looking to move towards is Ronald Reagan’s position—hardly a liberal position. We ought to be bringing all the smart guys in the world here, we ought to have a guest worker program so that farmworkers and others can come and go home and come and work, and we should certainly work with ten or eleven million people who are here who need to have earned legal status so they can not have to worry about ICE bothering them in their workplace. And these are all positions that the modern Republican party under Reagan and both Bushes have staked out. If you look at what’s happening right now in D.C.—the number one stumbling block to immigration reform is the [(The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization)]’s objection to any ability to let low-skilled people come into the country to work, and to have some sort of guest worker program. They’re going nuts on the subject, it’s what’s holding things up; it’s what killed real progress back in ’86, and it’s what killed it in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think national defense is important, you want to be sure that money isn’t wasted. You recognize that just because the government or a government agency says that they need something doesn’t mean it’s true, and just because you call something “national defense” doesn’t make it national defense. You can be talked into spending money that’s wasted, and so you should look at the Pentagon’s budget with a serious questioning eye, or you ask how [they’re] spending the money, how wisely are [they] spending the money, do we need to spend the money this way, can we reform government so that it costs less? And that’s true for the Pentagon as much as farm subsidies, and we should be very careful in how we spend every penny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was very pleased that the overwhelming Republican response to this sequester was, “go ahead.” The Pentagon can take a haircut, the Pentagon can be treated as you treat the rest of government, in saying, “Let’s reform government.” The Republicans have twice voted to give the Pentagon more flexibility in how they save money, but not changing by a dollar the amount of money the Pentagon is expected to reduce its spending from projections over the next decade.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And the human and financial costs of the current criminal justice system:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Left doesn’t have a lot of credibility on the question of criminal justice issues because people think they want to let all these guys out of prison. And when conservatives say, “Look, we’re serious about crime, we’re serious about punishing crime, we want to deter crime,” it is just and virtuous. There should be some prisons, and I’m in favor of executing murderers. But let’s ask ourselves how much punishment is necessary, useful, and what kind of costs you want to impose—I mean, human costs. So there are all types of questions you get into when you look at prisons and the judicial system, in terms of making sure that you get serious justice and that the punishment is reasonable, that you don’t end up with prisons full of guys involved in victimless crimes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the full interview below and find more highlights on the \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqedforum/sets/grover-norquist-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum SoundCloud page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Grover Norquist, president of \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Tax Reform\u003c/a>, is best known for \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/taxpayer-protection-pledge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the tax pledge\u003c/a> that his group asks Republican candidates and politicians to sign. The pledge basically says that the signee will not support new taxes or reductions to current tax deductions and credits, in any shape or form. Norquist joined \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/programs/forum/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> to talk about the pledge and its power, as well as immigration and reform in the criminal justice system. Highlights of the interview are below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19581\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 167px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/03/10/in-budget-battle-brown-locks-horns-with-the-big-daddy-of-tax-cutters-grover-norquist/grovernorquistsm/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19581\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19581\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/03/grovernorquistSM.jpg\" alt=\"Grover Norquist (Gage Skidmore)\" width=\"167\" height=\"192\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grover Norquist (Gage Skidmore)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But first, \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/11/norquists-tax-pledge-what-it-is-and-how-it-started/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">if you are unfamiliar with the pledge\u003c/a>, here’s a copy of it written for a member of the House of Representatives (the language is slightly different in versions for governors, and members of the Senate and state legislatures).\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I, _______________, pledge to the taxpayers of the _____ district\u003cbr>\nof the state of__________, and to the American people that I will: ONE, oppose any and all efforts to increase the marginal income tax rates for individuals and/or businesses; and TWO, oppose any net reduction or elimination of deductions and credits, unless matched dollar for dollar by further reducing tax rates. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Krasny questioned Norquist on whether it’s fair to punish government officials who go against the pledge. Norquist was quick to point out that the pledge is made to one’s constituents, not to him or to \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Tax Reform\u003c/a>:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist:\u003c/strong> The pledge, if you read it—you go to our website, \u003ca href=\"http://www.atr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atr.org\u003c/a>—the pledge is to the American people and to the people of their state. It’s not to me. I know that \u003ca href=\"http://www.reid.senate.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harry Reid\u003c/a> misstates that, and the caller may be listening to Harry Reid, but they should go and read the pledge themselves, and then they would be glad to know that no one is making any commitments to me; they’re making commitments only to their constituents…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krasny:\u003c/strong> But if you break that pledge, you come down on them, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist: \u003c/strong>Well, actually, they’re not worried about me, they’re worried about their constituents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krasny: \u003c/strong>Well your organization comes down on them, though, and makes it, shall we say, difficult to raise money from other sources in the GOP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist\u003c/strong>\u003cem>: \u003c/em>Well, actually, I don’t think that we even put [out] a press release when George Herbert Walker Bush broke his pledge because the whole world noticed it, and they threw him out of the White House. I didn’t have to throw a rock at him; the American people said, “You said you weren’t going to do that and you did it. Goodbye!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krasny\u003c/strong>\u003cem>:\u003c/em> “Read my lips,” huh?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Norquist:\u003c/strong> “Read my lips.” And look, the American people don’t like to be lied to—it’s not a good idea to lie your way into office—and I encourage everyone to be up front: if you’re going to raise their taxes, tell ’em that you’re going to raise [their] taxes when you feel like it, and they better get used to being ridden. And if your position is you’re not going to raise their taxes, keep your word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forum conversation didn’t stop with the tax pledge. Norquist shared his opinions on immigration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On immigration, what the Republicans are looking to move towards is Ronald Reagan’s position—hardly a liberal position. We ought to be bringing all the smart guys in the world here, we ought to have a guest worker program so that farmworkers and others can come and go home and come and work, and we should certainly work with ten or eleven million people who are here who need to have earned legal status so they can not have to worry about ICE bothering them in their workplace. And these are all positions that the modern Republican party under Reagan and both Bushes have staked out. If you look at what’s happening right now in D.C.—the number one stumbling block to immigration reform is the [(The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization)]’s objection to any ability to let low-skilled people come into the country to work, and to have some sort of guest worker program. They’re going nuts on the subject, it’s what’s holding things up; it’s what killed real progress back in ’86, and it’s what killed it in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think national defense is important, you want to be sure that money isn’t wasted. You recognize that just because the government or a government agency says that they need something doesn’t mean it’s true, and just because you call something “national defense” doesn’t make it national defense. You can be talked into spending money that’s wasted, and so you should look at the Pentagon’s budget with a serious questioning eye, or you ask how [they’re] spending the money, how wisely are [they] spending the money, do we need to spend the money this way, can we reform government so that it costs less? And that’s true for the Pentagon as much as farm subsidies, and we should be very careful in how we spend every penny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was very pleased that the overwhelming Republican response to this sequester was, “go ahead.” The Pentagon can take a haircut, the Pentagon can be treated as you treat the rest of government, in saying, “Let’s reform government.” The Republicans have twice voted to give the Pentagon more flexibility in how they save money, but not changing by a dollar the amount of money the Pentagon is expected to reduce its spending from projections over the next decade.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And the human and financial costs of the current criminal justice system:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Left doesn’t have a lot of credibility on the question of criminal justice issues because people think they want to let all these guys out of prison. And when conservatives say, “Look, we’re serious about crime, we’re serious about punishing crime, we want to deter crime,” it is just and virtuous. There should be some prisons, and I’m in favor of executing murderers. But let’s ask ourselves how much punishment is necessary, useful, and what kind of costs you want to impose—I mean, human costs. So there are all types of questions you get into when you look at prisons and the judicial system, in terms of making sure that you get serious justice and that the punishment is reasonable, that you don’t end up with prisons full of guys involved in victimless crimes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
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