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"disqusTitle": "California Vows Fight After House OKs Law to Punish Sanctuary Cities",
"title": "California Vows Fight After House OKs Law to Punish Sanctuary Cities",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Republicans in the House of Representatives pushed through two bills Thursday that would punish so-called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> and people who re-enter the country after being deported -- and would codify into law much of what President Trump has tried to do by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/22/justice-department-narrows-scope-of-sanctuary-cities-executive-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whether or not the measures -- one known as Kate's Law, after San Francisco murder victim Kate Steinle -- will be able to get through the Senate remains unclear. Plus, if the bills are signed into law, immigrant rights advocates say they will sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came as California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press_releases/Multi-state%20FOIA%20Request%20to%20Federal%20Immigration%20Agencies%2006.29.17.pdf?\">joined nine other attorneys general\u003c/a> in asking the Trump administration to hand over information about its immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Seeking Immigration Information\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The group wants information about the administration's policies on immigration enforcement at sensitive places, including schools and hospitals. They're also asking for details on how the Department of Homeland Security is treating “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/19/6-things-to-know-about-trumps-reversal-on-dreamers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dreamers\u003c/a>” -- young people who came to the U.S. as minors and had been granted legal status by President Barack Obama -- and how many have been deported under Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11539279\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11539279\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ccite>(Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The attorneys general also want to know details of a controversial program, which asks local jails to detain people for immigration authorities. Known as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/07/16/california-pushes-back-against-secure-communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a>, it was started under Bush and then expanded and later halted by Obama. The program has been ruled unconstitutional in some courts, and was revived by Trump earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mixed messages from the Trump Administration on immigration enforcement are sowing confusion and increasing anxiety among immigrants,” said Becerra in a written statement. “Today we ask the administration to tell us what it is doing in this area. It’s a simple request that will go a long way towards helping inform California’s residents about how policies have actually changed, and how changes affect their rights. I will continue to protect the people of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Freedom of Information Act request comes one day after Becerra filed a brief in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/s-f-files-suit-against-trump-saying-punishing-sanctuary-cities-is-illegal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco's lawsuit against the Trump administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is challenging \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/27/attorney-general-threatens-to-withhold-funds-from-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an executive order\u003c/a> that the president issued shortly after taking office, which sought to withhold federal funds from local governments refusing to use their law enforcement officers in federal immigration enforcement. That executive order \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/25/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-on-sanctuary-city-funding/\">was put on hold\u003c/a> by a San Francisco judge in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of what was in the executive order is mirrored by the legislation passed by the House of Representatives on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>New Legislation Tackles Old Fights\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>That \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/GOODLA_028_xml.pdf\">legislation\u003c/a>, by Republicans Bob Goodlatte of Virginia, Steve King of Iowa and Andy Biggs of Arizona, prohibits governments from restricting cooperation with federal immigration enforcement and declares those that do will be ineligible for three law enforcement grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also attempts to address some of the issues the Obama administration ran into with the Secure Communities program, which asked local sheriffs to keep people who were suspected of being in the country illegally in their jails until Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials picked them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cities, including San Francisco, refused to comply with the so-called ICE detainers, saying they could not be forced to enforce federal immigration laws. Others balked after courts ruled, in response to lawsuits against sheriffs, that prolonged detentions based on the detainers violated the Fourth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new legislation says a detainer amounts to probable cause if the Department of Homeland Security secretary has “reasonable grounds to believe” they are deportable, if they are the subject of current deportation proceedings or have been previously deported, or if the person has made statements that they are deportable. It also gives local jurisdictions legal immunity if they comply with detainers. And, it lets families sue cities and counties if they declined to honor a detainer and the person released later harmed someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For years, the lack of immigration enforcement and the spread of dangerous sanctuary policies have failed the American people and cost too many lives,\" said Goodlatte in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/GOODLA_029_xml.pdf\">second bill\u003c/a> imposes longer prison sentences on people who are deported and then re-enter the U.S. It is named for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/08/s-f-waterfront-shooting-elicits-strong-responses-from-politicians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kate Steinle\u003c/a>, who was walking along the San Francisco waterfront in 2015 when she was hit by gunfire and killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities arrested Juan Francisco Lopez, an undocumented immigrant who had recently been released from San Francisco jail and had previously been deported five times, in Steinle's shooting death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10590607\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/IMG_3368.JPG-e1436211867292.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10590607\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/IMG_3368.JPG-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"A memorial for Kate Steinle on San Francisco's Pier 14, where she was fatally shot on July 1.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial for Kate Steinle on San Francisco's Pier 14, where she was fatally shot on July 1. \u003ccite>(Susan Cohen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/06/29/the-story-behind-kates-law-and-how-it-could-change-immigration-policies-in-the-u-s/?utm_term=.9d6086fdb156\">second attempt for supporters of Kate's Law\u003c/a> -- a similar bill passed the House in 2015 but failed in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela Chan, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who has worked on Secure Communities issues for years, said she believes many of the provisions in the legislation aimed at punishing sanctuary cities would not stand up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The basic \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">problem is that ICE detainers are not based on probable cause; they are not signed by a judge,\" she said. \"No matte\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">r how Congress defines probable cause ... there are still basic Fourth Amendment issues with these detainers.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fourth Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizures. But Chan said there's another constitutional problem with the legislation: The 10th Amendment, which ensures states' rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are trying to coerce local governments into enforcing federal immigration law, and the 10th Amendment was written to ensure states are not commandeered by the federal government,\" she said. \"If the Senate does pass this, and I don't think that's likely, there are certainly good reasons to litigate it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan also argued that \"Kate's Law\" won't make anyone safer -- it will only benefit private prison companies, who have contracts with the federal government for immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Rep. David Valadao, a Republican who represents Kings County in Congress, had a different take. He said in a statement that the bills are steps toward fixing a \"broken\" immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"Since coming to Congress, I have been a vocal advocate of reforming every aspect of our broken immigration system, including implementing reforms to ensure undocumented immigrants who have committed violent crimes are not allowed to return to the United States,\" he said. \"By enhancing penalties for deported felons, we can prevent these needless crimes from ever taking place.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The vote came as California's AG joined an effort to get the Trump administration to hand over information about its immigration policies.",
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"description": "The vote came as California's AG joined an effort to get the Trump administration to hand over information about its immigration policies.",
"title": "California Vows Fight After House OKs Law to Punish Sanctuary Cities | KQED",
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"headline": "California Vows Fight After House OKs Law to Punish Sanctuary Cities",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Republicans in the House of Representatives pushed through two bills Thursday that would punish so-called \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/07/10/explainer-what-are-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> and people who re-enter the country after being deported -- and would codify into law much of what President Trump has tried to do by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/22/justice-department-narrows-scope-of-sanctuary-cities-executive-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive order\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But whether or not the measures -- one known as Kate's Law, after San Francisco murder victim Kate Steinle -- will be able to get through the Senate remains unclear. Plus, if the bills are signed into law, immigrant rights advocates say they will sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came as California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press_releases/Multi-state%20FOIA%20Request%20to%20Federal%20Immigration%20Agencies%2006.29.17.pdf?\">joined nine other attorneys general\u003c/a> in asking the Trump administration to hand over information about its immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Seeking Immigration Information\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The group wants information about the administration's policies on immigration enforcement at sensitive places, including schools and hospitals. They're also asking for details on how the Department of Homeland Security is treating “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/19/6-things-to-know-about-trumps-reversal-on-dreamers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dreamers\u003c/a>” -- young people who came to the U.S. as minors and had been granted legal status by President Barack Obama -- and how many have been deported under Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11539279\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11539279\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS24780_GettyImages-157556522-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ccite>(Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The attorneys general also want to know details of a controversial program, which asks local jails to detain people for immigration authorities. Known as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/07/16/california-pushes-back-against-secure-communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a>, it was started under Bush and then expanded and later halted by Obama. The program has been ruled unconstitutional in some courts, and was revived by Trump earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mixed messages from the Trump Administration on immigration enforcement are sowing confusion and increasing anxiety among immigrants,” said Becerra in a written statement. “Today we ask the administration to tell us what it is doing in this area. It’s a simple request that will go a long way towards helping inform California’s residents about how policies have actually changed, and how changes affect their rights. I will continue to protect the people of our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Freedom of Information Act request comes one day after Becerra filed a brief in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/s-f-files-suit-against-trump-saying-punishing-sanctuary-cities-is-illegal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco's lawsuit against the Trump administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is challenging \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/27/attorney-general-threatens-to-withhold-funds-from-sanctuary-cities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an executive order\u003c/a> that the president issued shortly after taking office, which sought to withhold federal funds from local governments refusing to use their law enforcement officers in federal immigration enforcement. That executive order \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/25/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-on-sanctuary-city-funding/\">was put on hold\u003c/a> by a San Francisco judge in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of what was in the executive order is mirrored by the legislation passed by the House of Representatives on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>New Legislation Tackles Old Fights\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>That \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/GOODLA_028_xml.pdf\">legislation\u003c/a>, by Republicans Bob Goodlatte of Virginia, Steve King of Iowa and Andy Biggs of Arizona, prohibits governments from restricting cooperation with federal immigration enforcement and declares those that do will be ineligible for three law enforcement grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also attempts to address some of the issues the Obama administration ran into with the Secure Communities program, which asked local sheriffs to keep people who were suspected of being in the country illegally in their jails until Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials picked them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many cities, including San Francisco, refused to comply with the so-called ICE detainers, saying they could not be forced to enforce federal immigration laws. Others balked after courts ruled, in response to lawsuits against sheriffs, that prolonged detentions based on the detainers violated the Fourth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new legislation says a detainer amounts to probable cause if the Department of Homeland Security secretary has “reasonable grounds to believe” they are deportable, if they are the subject of current deportation proceedings or have been previously deported, or if the person has made statements that they are deportable. It also gives local jurisdictions legal immunity if they comply with detainers. And, it lets families sue cities and counties if they declined to honor a detainer and the person released later harmed someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For years, the lack of immigration enforcement and the spread of dangerous sanctuary policies have failed the American people and cost too many lives,\" said Goodlatte in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/GOODLA_029_xml.pdf\">second bill\u003c/a> imposes longer prison sentences on people who are deported and then re-enter the U.S. It is named for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/08/s-f-waterfront-shooting-elicits-strong-responses-from-politicians/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kate Steinle\u003c/a>, who was walking along the San Francisco waterfront in 2015 when she was hit by gunfire and killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities arrested Juan Francisco Lopez, an undocumented immigrant who had recently been released from San Francisco jail and had previously been deported five times, in Steinle's shooting death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10590607\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/IMG_3368.JPG-e1436211867292.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10590607\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/IMG_3368.JPG-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"A memorial for Kate Steinle on San Francisco's Pier 14, where she was fatally shot on July 1.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A memorial for Kate Steinle on San Francisco's Pier 14, where she was fatally shot on July 1. \u003ccite>(Susan Cohen/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/06/29/the-story-behind-kates-law-and-how-it-could-change-immigration-policies-in-the-u-s/?utm_term=.9d6086fdb156\">second attempt for supporters of Kate's Law\u003c/a> -- a similar bill passed the House in 2015 but failed in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angela Chan, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus who has worked on Secure Communities issues for years, said she believes many of the provisions in the legislation aimed at punishing sanctuary cities would not stand up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The basic \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">problem is that ICE detainers are not based on probable cause; they are not signed by a judge,\" she said. \"No matte\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">r how Congress defines probable cause ... there are still basic Fourth Amendment issues with these detainers.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fourth Amendment protects people from unreasonable search and seizures. But Chan said there's another constitutional problem with the legislation: The 10th Amendment, which ensures states' rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are trying to coerce local governments into enforcing federal immigration law, and the 10th Amendment was written to ensure states are not commandeered by the federal government,\" she said. \"If the Senate does pass this, and I don't think that's likely, there are certainly good reasons to litigate it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan also argued that \"Kate's Law\" won't make anyone safer -- it will only benefit private prison companies, who have contracts with the federal government for immigration detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Rep. David Valadao, a Republican who represents Kings County in Congress, had a different take. He said in a statement that the bills are steps toward fixing a \"broken\" immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"Since coming to Congress, I have been a vocal advocate of reforming every aspect of our broken immigration system, including implementing reforms to ensure undocumented immigrants who have committed violent crimes are not allowed to return to the United States,\" he said. \"By enhancing penalties for deported felons, we can prevent these needless crimes from ever taking place.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Q&A: Border Officers Will Play Key Role in Enforcing Travel Ban",
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"headTitle": "Q&A: Border Officers Will Play Key Role in Enforcing Travel Ban | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers will be key players in putting President Trump’s\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/29/trump-travel-ban-close-family-ties-job-offers-deemed-bona-fide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> revised travel ban into effect on Thursday\u003c/a>, which will primarily affect visitors from six mostly Muslim countries: Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/26/supreme-court-will-rule-on-president-trumps-travel-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on Monday lifting a stay on the executive order\u003c/a> imposed by two lower courts, the Trump administration outlined how it will begin to implement its modified ban. \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/16-1436_l6hc.pdf\">The court ruled Monday\u003c/a> that the ban cannot be applied to “foreign nationals who have a credible claim of bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ghtjXAdHFyovWEJA4tdZZnAsadWpEHB9″]The Customs and Border Protection officers are the officials dressed in blue who are stationed at airports and border crossings and screen people coming into the U.S. They stamp passports, inspect travel documents, confiscate drugs and other illicit items, and make sure belongings and purchases are properly declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These officers were embroiled in the ensuing \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/29/confusion-protests-over-president-trumps-immigration-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chaos \u003c/a>when an earlier version of the president’s travel ban took effect, forcing them to turn away visa holders who were later allowed in. And they will be in the mix again for the new ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what they do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT IS CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was created as part of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003 after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. Its largest division — the Office of Field Operations — admits people and goods at 328 airports, land crossings and seaports. They admitted 390 million travelers during the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30, including 119 million at airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the work done by the agency is at border crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The busiest point of entry is San Diego’s San Ysidro crossing with Tijuana, Mexico, with 31.8 million admissions during the latest 12-month period, an average of 87,000 per day. El Paso, Texas, across from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, was second-busiest with 28.8 million admissions, followed by San Diego’s Otay Mesa crossing (17.8 million), Laredo, Texas (17.7 million), and New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport (15.9 million).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban will mostly affect airports because that’s how visitors from the six countries generally arrive. Aside from JFK, the only airports to crack the top 20 in passenger volume are Miami International (No. 11), Los Angeles International (No. 12) and San Francisco International (No. 20).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HOW WILL OFFICERS ENFORCE THE TRAVEL BAN?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration this week set new criteria for visa applicants from the six countries and for all refugees, requiring a “close” family or business tie to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visas that have already been approved will not be revoked, but instructions issued by the State Department say that new applicants from the six countries must prove a relationship with a parent, spouse, child, adult son or daughter, son-in-law, daughter-in-law or sibling already in the United States to be eligible. The same requirement, with some exceptions, holds for would-be refugees from all nations that are still awaiting approval for admission to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, cousins, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, fiances or other extended family members are not considered to be close relationships, according to the guidelines that were issued in a cable sent to all U.S. embassies and consulates late on Wednesday. The new rules take effect at 8 p.m. EDT on Thursday, according to the cable, which was obtained by \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task will fall largely to the State Department but Customs and Border Protection officers would get involved if someone from one of the six countries arrived without a visa or there was a reason to question the validity of their documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT ILLEGAL ACTIVITY DO OFFICERS FIND?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents primarily seize drugs and stop people seeking to enter the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs — increasingly heroin and methamphetamine — are commonly smuggled into the United States by car from Mexico. People also enter the country illegally by hiding in trunks or by using someone else’s travel documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers denied admission 274,821 times at airports, land crossings and seaports during the latest fiscal year, an increase of 8 percent from the same period a year earlier. They seized 257 tons of marijuana, 26.3 tons of cocaine, 18.8 tons of methamphetamine and 2.1 tons of heroin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 40 percent of people in the country illegally overstay their visas, and one of the agency’s top priorities is to better track them. The absence of a system for people to check out when they leave the country makes that a daunting and expensive endeavor. Homeland Security said in May that nearly 740,000 foreigners overstayed visas during the latest fiscal year, and that was only for those who arrived by plane or ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IS IT DIFFERENT THAN BORDER PATROL?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol is another division within the agency. Customs and Border Protection agents wear blue uniforms and patrol ports of entry. Border Patrol agents work areas between and wear green uniforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection is the nation’s largest law enforcement agency, with about 60,000 employees and an annual budget of $13.5 billion. Trump has requested a 21 percent spending increase, partly to build a wall on the border with Mexico and hire more Border Patrol agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT ABOUT THE STAFFING SHORTAGE?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said this month that it has 1,400 vacancies for officers at ports of entry. Customs and Border Protection has struggled to fill jobs for years, largely because an unusually high number of applicants fail to pass a polygraph that has been a hiring requirement since 2012. One official recently said 75 percent failed, more than double the average among law enforcement agencies surveyed by \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House of Representatives passed a bill this month to waive the polygraph requirement for many veterans and some other applicants. Customs and Border Protection recently said it was easing some physical fitness and language requirements in hiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has called for expanding the Border Patrol by 5,000 agents, but has not proposed any increase in officers at airports, land crossings and seaports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Alicia A. Caldwell and Matthew Lee in Washington contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection officers will be key players in putting President Trump’s\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/29/trump-travel-ban-close-family-ties-job-offers-deemed-bona-fide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> revised travel ban into effect on Thursday\u003c/a>, which will primarily affect visitors from six mostly Muslim countries: Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/26/supreme-court-will-rule-on-president-trumps-travel-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision on Monday lifting a stay on the executive order\u003c/a> imposed by two lower courts, the Trump administration outlined how it will begin to implement its modified ban. \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/16-1436_l6hc.pdf\">The court ruled Monday\u003c/a> that the ban cannot be applied to “foreign nationals who have a credible claim of bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The Customs and Border Protection officers are the officials dressed in blue who are stationed at airports and border crossings and screen people coming into the U.S. They stamp passports, inspect travel documents, confiscate drugs and other illicit items, and make sure belongings and purchases are properly declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These officers were embroiled in the ensuing \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/29/confusion-protests-over-president-trumps-immigration-order/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">chaos \u003c/a>when an earlier version of the president’s travel ban took effect, forcing them to turn away visa holders who were later allowed in. And they will be in the mix again for the new ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at what they do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT IS CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was created as part of the Department of Homeland Security in 2003 after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. Its largest division — the Office of Field Operations — admits people and goods at 328 airports, land crossings and seaports. They admitted 390 million travelers during the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30, including 119 million at airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the work done by the agency is at border crossings along the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The busiest point of entry is San Diego’s San Ysidro crossing with Tijuana, Mexico, with 31.8 million admissions during the latest 12-month period, an average of 87,000 per day. El Paso, Texas, across from Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, was second-busiest with 28.8 million admissions, followed by San Diego’s Otay Mesa crossing (17.8 million), Laredo, Texas (17.7 million), and New York’s John F. Kennedy International Airport (15.9 million).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban will mostly affect airports because that’s how visitors from the six countries generally arrive. Aside from JFK, the only airports to crack the top 20 in passenger volume are Miami International (No. 11), Los Angeles International (No. 12) and San Francisco International (No. 20).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HOW WILL OFFICERS ENFORCE THE TRAVEL BAN?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration this week set new criteria for visa applicants from the six countries and for all refugees, requiring a “close” family or business tie to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visas that have already been approved will not be revoked, but instructions issued by the State Department say that new applicants from the six countries must prove a relationship with a parent, spouse, child, adult son or daughter, son-in-law, daughter-in-law or sibling already in the United States to be eligible. The same requirement, with some exceptions, holds for would-be refugees from all nations that are still awaiting approval for admission to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, cousins, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, fiances or other extended family members are not considered to be close relationships, according to the guidelines that were issued in a cable sent to all U.S. embassies and consulates late on Wednesday. The new rules take effect at 8 p.m. EDT on Thursday, according to the cable, which was obtained by \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task will fall largely to the State Department but Customs and Border Protection officers would get involved if someone from one of the six countries arrived without a visa or there was a reason to question the validity of their documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT ILLEGAL ACTIVITY DO OFFICERS FIND?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents primarily seize drugs and stop people seeking to enter the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs — increasingly heroin and methamphetamine — are commonly smuggled into the United States by car from Mexico. People also enter the country illegally by hiding in trunks or by using someone else’s travel documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers denied admission 274,821 times at airports, land crossings and seaports during the latest fiscal year, an increase of 8 percent from the same period a year earlier. They seized 257 tons of marijuana, 26.3 tons of cocaine, 18.8 tons of methamphetamine and 2.1 tons of heroin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 40 percent of people in the country illegally overstay their visas, and one of the agency’s top priorities is to better track them. The absence of a system for people to check out when they leave the country makes that a daunting and expensive endeavor. Homeland Security said in May that nearly 740,000 foreigners overstayed visas during the latest fiscal year, and that was only for those who arrived by plane or ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>IS IT DIFFERENT THAN BORDER PATROL?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Border Patrol is another division within the agency. Customs and Border Protection agents wear blue uniforms and patrol ports of entry. Border Patrol agents work areas between and wear green uniforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection is the nation’s largest law enforcement agency, with about 60,000 employees and an annual budget of $13.5 billion. Trump has requested a 21 percent spending increase, partly to build a wall on the border with Mexico and hire more Border Patrol agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHAT ABOUT THE STAFFING SHORTAGE?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said this month that it has 1,400 vacancies for officers at ports of entry. Customs and Border Protection has struggled to fill jobs for years, largely because an unusually high number of applicants fail to pass a polygraph that has been a hiring requirement since 2012. One official recently said 75 percent failed, more than double the average among law enforcement agencies surveyed by \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House of Representatives passed a bill this month to waive the polygraph requirement for many veterans and some other applicants. Customs and Border Protection recently said it was easing some physical fitness and language requirements in hiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has called for expanding the Border Patrol by 5,000 agents, but has not proposed any increase in officers at airports, land crossings and seaports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Alicia A. Caldwell and Matthew Lee in Washington contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Close Family Ties, Job Offers Considered 'Bona Fide' as Trump Travel Ban Takes Effect",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated June 29 at 1:20 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration Thursday outlined how it will implement its modified travel ban, following \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\">the Supreme Court's decision on Monday lifting a stay on the executive order\u003c/a> imposed by two lower courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/16-1436_l6hc.pdf\">The Supreme Court ruled Monday\u003c/a> that the modified ban cannot be applied to \"foreign nationals who have a credible claim of bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior U.S. officials who briefed reporters on a conference call, but would not allow themselves to be identified, said the order will allow travelers from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen to enter the U.S. if they have close family ties. Those ties are defined as a parent, including parent-in-law; spouse; child; adult son or daughter, including son-in-law or daughter-in-law; and sibling, including half and step siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the administration's definition does not include grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, cousins, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, fiances and other extended family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/534760203/534916115\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the administration's interpretation of the high court's ruling, people who have accepted job offers in the U.S. or an invitation to lecture at a U.S. university may also receive visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modified order also bars refugees from entering the U.S. for 120 days, though refugees already scheduled to be resettled in the U.S. through July 6 will be allowed to enter the country. And, in keeping with the high court's order, refugees who can show a \"bona fide relationship\" will be allowed entry. But that does not include refugees without qualifying family members in the U.S., even if they have established relationships with resettlement agencies, under the Trump administration's interpretation of the high court's ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least a partial victory for the president, the Supreme Court lifted the stay, issued by federal courts in Maryland and Hawaii, that had prevented the order from taking effect, while the justices consider whether the ban is constitutional. During the course of litigation over the revised ban\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the president directed his administration to begin implementation \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/06/14/presidential-memorandum-secretary-state-attorney-general-secretary\">\"72 hours after all applicable injunctions are lifted or stayed,\"\u003c/a> which would be Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"F8RvUDrQtEQwNUF1zsz7QKIx52COjHax\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\">As NPR reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, the initial version of the travel ban, issued Jan. 27, \"caused chaos at airports across the country until it was blocked by a federal judge in Washington state\" on Feb. 3, a ruling that was upheld by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit. That prompted the administration to craft a revised version in March that omitted references to religion and specifically exempted green-card holders. But that order, too, was challenged by lawsuits. It was blocked by lower courts in Maryland and Hawaii, decisions also upheld by appeals courts, and never took effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department said Wednesday that once the order is implemented, it will process visa applications for nationals of affected countries \"as directed by the Executive Order and in full compliance with the Supreme Court's decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has said the order will be implemented \"in a professional, organized and timely way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Various advocacy groups have been seeking guidance as to what constitutes \"a bona fide relationship\" with a person or entity in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vBMYBLxu9Y0wfhBjFGW3ApWeBbPcU9bM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Muslim Advocates, a civil rights group, questioned the wisdom of the administration's approach. The State Department guidelines \"are extremely disappointing and troubling,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.muslimadvocates.org/muslim-civil-rights-group-says-guidelines-to-implement-muslim-ban-defy-common-sense/\">the group said\u003c/a>, \"Defining close family to exclude grandparents, cousins, and other relatives defies common sense; it also directly goes against the intent of the Supreme Court's order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group's statement also said it will have a presence at Dulles Airport outside Washington, D.C., Thursday night to ensure that travelers \"don't get ensnared by this still unconstitutional policy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Close+Family+Ties%2C+Job+Offers+Considered+%27Bona+Fide%27+As+Trump+Travel+Ban+Takes+Effect&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated June 29 at 1:20 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration Thursday outlined how it will implement its modified travel ban, following \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\">the Supreme Court's decision on Monday lifting a stay on the executive order\u003c/a> imposed by two lower courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/16pdf/16-1436_l6hc.pdf\">The Supreme Court ruled Monday\u003c/a> that the modified ban cannot be applied to \"foreign nationals who have a credible claim of bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior U.S. officials who briefed reporters on a conference call, but would not allow themselves to be identified, said the order will allow travelers from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen to enter the U.S. if they have close family ties. Those ties are defined as a parent, including parent-in-law; spouse; child; adult son or daughter, including son-in-law or daughter-in-law; and sibling, including half and step siblings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the administration's definition does not include grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, cousins, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, fiances and other extended family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/534760203/534916115\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the administration's interpretation of the high court's ruling, people who have accepted job offers in the U.S. or an invitation to lecture at a U.S. university may also receive visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modified order also bars refugees from entering the U.S. for 120 days, though refugees already scheduled to be resettled in the U.S. through July 6 will be allowed to enter the country. And, in keeping with the high court's order, refugees who can show a \"bona fide relationship\" will be allowed entry. But that does not include refugees without qualifying family members in the U.S., even if they have established relationships with resettlement agencies, under the Trump administration's interpretation of the high court's ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least a partial victory for the president, the Supreme Court lifted the stay, issued by federal courts in Maryland and Hawaii, that had prevented the order from taking effect, while the justices consider whether the ban is constitutional. During the course of litigation over the revised ban\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the president directed his administration to begin implementation \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/06/14/presidential-memorandum-secretary-state-attorney-general-secretary\">\"72 hours after all applicable injunctions are lifted or stayed,\"\u003c/a> which would be Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\">As NPR reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, the initial version of the travel ban, issued Jan. 27, \"caused chaos at airports across the country until it was blocked by a federal judge in Washington state\" on Feb. 3, a ruling that was upheld by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit. That prompted the administration to craft a revised version in March that omitted references to religion and specifically exempted green-card holders. But that order, too, was challenged by lawsuits. It was blocked by lower courts in Maryland and Hawaii, decisions also upheld by appeals courts, and never took effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department said Wednesday that once the order is implemented, it will process visa applications for nationals of affected countries \"as directed by the Executive Order and in full compliance with the Supreme Court's decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has said the order will be implemented \"in a professional, organized and timely way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Various advocacy groups have been seeking guidance as to what constitutes \"a bona fide relationship\" with a person or entity in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Muslim Advocates, a civil rights group, questioned the wisdom of the administration's approach. The State Department guidelines \"are extremely disappointing and troubling,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.muslimadvocates.org/muslim-civil-rights-group-says-guidelines-to-implement-muslim-ban-defy-common-sense/\">the group said\u003c/a>, \"Defining close family to exclude grandparents, cousins, and other relatives defies common sense; it also directly goes against the intent of the Supreme Court's order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group's statement also said it will have a presence at Dulles Airport outside Washington, D.C., Thursday night to ensure that travelers \"don't get ensnared by this still unconstitutional policy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Close+Family+Ties%2C+Job+Offers+Considered+%27Bona+Fide%27+As+Trump+Travel+Ban+Takes+Effect&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a victory for the Trump administration, the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/26/supreme-court-will-rule-on-president-trumps-travel-ban/\">revived part of the travel ban\u003c/a> and will hear the case in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban seeks to suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days and block new visas for people from six majority-Muslim countries for 90 days. The court limited the ban (for now) to include \"foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship\" with a person or entity in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a victory for the Trump administration, the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/26/supreme-court-will-rule-on-president-trumps-travel-ban/\">revived part of the travel ban\u003c/a> and will hear the case in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ban seeks to suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days and block new visas for people from six majority-Muslim countries for 90 days. The court limited the ban (for now) to include \"foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship\" with a person or entity in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court says it will decide the fate of President Trump's revised travel ban, agreeing to hear arguments over immigration cases that were filed in federal courts in Hawaii and Maryland and allowing parts of the ban that's now been on hold since March to take effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices removed the lower courts' injunctions against the ban \"with respect to foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States,\" narrowing the scope of two injunctions that had put the ban in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump called the Supreme Court's order \"a clear victory for our national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case centers on the president's move to block new visas for travelers from six majority-Muslim countries for 90 days, and to suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days. Challengers to the ban said it would harm people who have legitimate reasons to be in the U.S. — including through family ties, work and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban will remain on hold for plaintiffs who challenged the executive order and for anyone who is \"similarly situated,\" the justices say — in other words, foreign nationals who have relatives in the U.S., or who plan to attend school or work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533934989/534448044\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees will face similar criteria, with anyone lacking connections in the U.S. denied entry. In its order, the court stated, \"the balance tips in favor of the Government's compelling need to provide for the Nation's security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying the petitions and injunctions \"are accordingly ripe for consideration,\" the Supreme Court said on Monday that the cases will be consolidated. The court's clerk will set a date for the case in the session that begins in October, the justices said, while noting that the Trump administration \"has not requested that we expedite consideration of the merits to a greater extent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions said that today's move is \"an important step towards restoring the separation of powers between the branches of the federal government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, called the travel ban unconstitutional, saying, \"Courts have repeatedly blocked this indefensible and discriminatory ban. The Supreme Court now has a chance to permanently strike it down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released by the White House, Trump wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"As President, I cannot allow people into our country who want to do us harm. I want people who can love the United States and all of its citizens, and who will be hardworking and productive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My number one responsibility as Commander in Chief is to keep the American people safe. Today's ruling allows me to use an important tool for protecting our Nation's homeland. I am also particularly gratified that the Supreme Court's decision was 9-0.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The court says its nine justices agreed in the 13-page decision to take the case and place stays on some of the preliminary injunctions. But several justices wanted to go further — Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a three-page opinion, joined by Justices Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch, in which he said the government's request for a stay should have been granted in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree with the Court's implicit conclusion that the Government has made a strong showing that it is likely to succeed on the merits,\" Thomas wrote, \"that is, that the judgments below will be reversed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas criticized the decision to keep the injunctions in place for what he called \"an unidentified, unnamed group of foreign nationals abroad,\" saying it places a burden on officials to determine who has a \"bona fide relationship\" with a person or organization in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Trump's executive order was put on hold by lower court judges in Hawaii and Maryland hours before it was set to take effect. Two federal appeals courts left those nationwide injunctions in place, setting up one final appeal for the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House argues that this executive order, like the previous version the president signed in January, is necessary to protect national security. The initial version caused chaos at airports across the country until it was blocked by a federal judge in Washington state, prompting the administration to craft a revised version that omitted references to religion and specifically exempted green card holders. But that order, too, was challenged by lawsuits, and it was blocked by lower courts before it ever went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its instructions to the parties in the case, the high court said today that they should answer the question of \"Whether the challenges ... became moot on June 14, 2017\" — referring to the order's timeframe of 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both of the federal appeals courts that have considered the revised executive order have ruled against the administration — but for different reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appellate judges weren't directly ruling on the merits of the travel ban itself. But in order to decide if the lower court injunctions were appropriate, they had to weigh the probable impact of the order and the likelihood that the legal challenges would succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/25/530051807/4th-circuit-court-ruling-keeps-trumps-travel-ban-on-hold\">The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> looked extensively at whether the travel ban violated the Constitution by discriminating on the basis of religion. The challengers in that case, led by the nonprofit International Refugee Assistance Project, argued that the travel ban is a thinly veiled attempt to block Muslims from entering the country, something Trump and his advisers talked about during and after the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Justice countered that courts should look only at the language of the executive order itself, which does not mention religion explicitly. But that argument did not prevail. Writing for the 10-3 majority, Chief Judge Roger Gregory said the executive order \"speaks with vague words of national security but in context drips with religious intolerance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/12/532620714/another-federal-appeals-court-says-trumps-travel-ban-should-remain-on-hold\">9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> focused on federal law. The court found that the president likely exceeded his statutory authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The order does not offer a sufficient justification to suspend the entry of more than 180 million people on the basis of nationality,\" the 9th Circuit judges wrote. \"National security is not a 'talismanic incantation' that, once invoked, can support any and all exercise of executive power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration moved quickly to appeal both rulings to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Executive Branch is entrusted with the responsibility to keep the country safe under Article II of the Constitution,\" U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement after the 9th Circuit ruling. Sessions called the threat of terrorism \"immediate and real,\" and said the lower court's injunction \"has a chilling effect on security operations overall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Supreme+Court+Revives+Parts+Of+Trump%27s+Travel+Ban+As+It+Agrees+To+Hear+Case&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court says it will decide the fate of President Trump's revised travel ban, agreeing to hear arguments over immigration cases that were filed in federal courts in Hawaii and Maryland and allowing parts of the ban that's now been on hold since March to take effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices removed the lower courts' injunctions against the ban \"with respect to foreign nationals who lack any bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States,\" narrowing the scope of two injunctions that had put the ban in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump called the Supreme Court's order \"a clear victory for our national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case centers on the president's move to block new visas for travelers from six majority-Muslim countries for 90 days, and to suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days. Challengers to the ban said it would harm people who have legitimate reasons to be in the U.S. — including through family ties, work and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban will remain on hold for plaintiffs who challenged the executive order and for anyone who is \"similarly situated,\" the justices say — in other words, foreign nationals who have relatives in the U.S., or who plan to attend school or work here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533934989/534448044\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees will face similar criteria, with anyone lacking connections in the U.S. denied entry. In its order, the court stated, \"the balance tips in favor of the Government's compelling need to provide for the Nation's security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying the petitions and injunctions \"are accordingly ripe for consideration,\" the Supreme Court said on Monday that the cases will be consolidated. The court's clerk will set a date for the case in the session that begins in October, the justices said, while noting that the Trump administration \"has not requested that we expedite consideration of the merits to a greater extent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions said that today's move is \"an important step towards restoring the separation of powers between the branches of the federal government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omar Jadwat, director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, called the travel ban unconstitutional, saying, \"Courts have repeatedly blocked this indefensible and discriminatory ban. The Supreme Court now has a chance to permanently strike it down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement released by the White House, Trump wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"As President, I cannot allow people into our country who want to do us harm. I want people who can love the United States and all of its citizens, and who will be hardworking and productive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My number one responsibility as Commander in Chief is to keep the American people safe. Today's ruling allows me to use an important tool for protecting our Nation's homeland. I am also particularly gratified that the Supreme Court's decision was 9-0.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The court says its nine justices agreed in the 13-page decision to take the case and place stays on some of the preliminary injunctions. But several justices wanted to go further — Justice Clarence Thomas wrote a three-page opinion, joined by Justices Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch, in which he said the government's request for a stay should have been granted in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree with the Court's implicit conclusion that the Government has made a strong showing that it is likely to succeed on the merits,\" Thomas wrote, \"that is, that the judgments below will be reversed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas criticized the decision to keep the injunctions in place for what he called \"an unidentified, unnamed group of foreign nationals abroad,\" saying it places a burden on officials to determine who has a \"bona fide relationship\" with a person or organization in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Trump's executive order was put on hold by lower court judges in Hawaii and Maryland hours before it was set to take effect. Two federal appeals courts left those nationwide injunctions in place, setting up one final appeal for the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House argues that this executive order, like the previous version the president signed in January, is necessary to protect national security. The initial version caused chaos at airports across the country until it was blocked by a federal judge in Washington state, prompting the administration to craft a revised version that omitted references to religion and specifically exempted green card holders. But that order, too, was challenged by lawsuits, and it was blocked by lower courts before it ever went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its instructions to the parties in the case, the high court said today that they should answer the question of \"Whether the challenges ... became moot on June 14, 2017\" — referring to the order's timeframe of 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both of the federal appeals courts that have considered the revised executive order have ruled against the administration — but for different reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appellate judges weren't directly ruling on the merits of the travel ban itself. But in order to decide if the lower court injunctions were appropriate, they had to weigh the probable impact of the order and the likelihood that the legal challenges would succeed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/25/530051807/4th-circuit-court-ruling-keeps-trumps-travel-ban-on-hold\">The 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> looked extensively at whether the travel ban violated the Constitution by discriminating on the basis of religion. The challengers in that case, led by the nonprofit International Refugee Assistance Project, argued that the travel ban is a thinly veiled attempt to block Muslims from entering the country, something Trump and his advisers talked about during and after the presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Justice countered that courts should look only at the language of the executive order itself, which does not mention religion explicitly. But that argument did not prevail. Writing for the 10-3 majority, Chief Judge Roger Gregory said the executive order \"speaks with vague words of national security but in context drips with religious intolerance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/12/532620714/another-federal-appeals-court-says-trumps-travel-ban-should-remain-on-hold\">9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> focused on federal law. The court found that the president likely exceeded his statutory authority under the Immigration and Nationality Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The order does not offer a sufficient justification to suspend the entry of more than 180 million people on the basis of nationality,\" the 9th Circuit judges wrote. \"National security is not a 'talismanic incantation' that, once invoked, can support any and all exercise of executive power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration moved quickly to appeal both rulings to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Supreme Court Will Hear California Immigrant Detention Case Again",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday ordered a rehearing of a case that set limits on how long the federal government can detain immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they ordered re-argument implies that the eight justices that did hear the argument were split 4-4,” said Stephen Yale-Loehr, an immigration law professor at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-argument gives newly installed Justice Neil Gorsuch the benefit of hearing oral arguments when he makes his decision in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final ruling could significantly impact the Trump administration’s plan to detain and deport millions more people suspected of being in the United States without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"C7XEB8HtoK039PeDQobeZLanxe2CRZxz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, Jennings v. Rodriguez, challenged a 2013 ruling by a federal court in California that requires immigration authorities to release immigrants from detention after six months unless the government can show that the person is a danger to others or a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency detains roughly 400,000 immigrants a year, according to the Department of Homeland Security -- roughly 40,000 people on any given day. Those who challenge their deportation typically stay locked up for months, even years, awaiting a court decision on whether they may stay in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The named plaintiff in the class-action case, Alejandro Rodriguez, spent three years in ICE detention without a hearing for his release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU of Southern California, there are roughly 8,000 detainees on any given day who, like Rodriguez, have been detained for longer than six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group includes legal permanent residents who are subject to deportation because they’ve been convicted of a range of crimes, and asylum seekers who have met the government’s initial criteria for protection from persecution. Both groups are subject to mandatory detention while they fight deportation in immigration court, but an immigration judge can order ICE to release detainees who pose little risk to public safety and have strong ties to their communities that make them a low flight risk. Typically, the judge will release the detainee on bond or on their own recognizance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11533422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11533422\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-800x544.jpg\" alt=\"An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at California's Adelanto Detention Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-800x544.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-1020x693.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-1180x802.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-960x653.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-375x255.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-520x353.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at California's Adelanto Detention Facility. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2014, a U.S. district judge in the Central District of California ruled in favor of the ACLU and required the government to hold a release hearing every six months, even for detainees who had been subject to mandatory detention. That decision was upheld in 2015 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/01/supreme-court-debates-detained-immigrants-right-to-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oral arguments on the case\u003c/a> in November 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine Western states and two Pacific Islands in the 9th Circuit's jurisdiction are currently required to provide bond hearings every six months. Most other states have no specific timetable for holding release proceedings for immigrant detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a decision today,” said Cornell immigration law professor Yale-Loehr. “Unfortunately, that means immigrants will continue to remain in detention until the Supreme Court's ultimate decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"TgA1ssDZIVu4CLSNUxy2DRYoT73yauww\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A national standard setting limits on immigration detention could significantly thwart the Trump administration’s plan to end bond releases in all but the most extreme cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Rodriguez ruling merely established a right to a hearing every six months -- not a guaranteed release -- it shifted the burden of proof from the detainee to the government: Now immigration officials must provide evidence that the detainee is a threat to public safety, or likely to flee, in order to keep a person locked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary of Homeland Security sought to end bond releases for immigrants subject to mandatory detention as part of stepped-up enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent \u003ca href=\"///Users/juliesmall/Documents/DHS%20memo%20on%20EO%2020170125.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo\u003c/a>, Secretary John Kelly ordered ICE agents to keep people facing deportation locked up until they receive a final court decision on whether they are allowed to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly also asked Congress for \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/05/25/written-testimony-dhs-secretary-kelly-senate-appropriations-subcommittee-homeland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$7.5 billion\u003c/a> in discretionary funding for ICE in fiscal year 2018, in part to expand the number of detention beds for immigrants to 51,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the justices ultimately strike down the decision, immigrants detained in California and the other 9th Circuit states could lose what advocates consider a key constitutional right -- protection from prolonged or arbitrary detention.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Final ruling could significantly affect Trump's plan to detain and deport millions more people suspected of being in the country without authorization.",
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"title": "U.S. Supreme Court Will Hear California Immigrant Detention Case Again | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday ordered a rehearing of a case that set limits on how long the federal government can detain immigrants facing deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they ordered re-argument implies that the eight justices that did hear the argument were split 4-4,” said Stephen Yale-Loehr, an immigration law professor at Cornell University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-argument gives newly installed Justice Neil Gorsuch the benefit of hearing oral arguments when he makes his decision in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final ruling could significantly impact the Trump administration’s plan to detain and deport millions more people suspected of being in the United States without authorization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, Jennings v. Rodriguez, challenged a 2013 ruling by a federal court in California that requires immigration authorities to release immigrants from detention after six months unless the government can show that the person is a danger to others or a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency detains roughly 400,000 immigrants a year, according to the Department of Homeland Security -- roughly 40,000 people on any given day. Those who challenge their deportation typically stay locked up for months, even years, awaiting a court decision on whether they may stay in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The named plaintiff in the class-action case, Alejandro Rodriguez, spent three years in ICE detention without a hearing for his release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the ACLU of Southern California, there are roughly 8,000 detainees on any given day who, like Rodriguez, have been detained for longer than six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group includes legal permanent residents who are subject to deportation because they’ve been convicted of a range of crimes, and asylum seekers who have met the government’s initial criteria for protection from persecution. Both groups are subject to mandatory detention while they fight deportation in immigration court, but an immigration judge can order ICE to release detainees who pose little risk to public safety and have strong ties to their communities that make them a low flight risk. Typically, the judge will release the detainee on bond or on their own recognizance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11533422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11533422\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-800x544.jpg\" alt=\"An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at California's Adelanto Detention Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-800x544.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-1020x693.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-1180x802.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-960x653.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-375x255.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/AdelantoCell-520x353.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at California's Adelanto Detention Facility. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2014, a U.S. district judge in the Central District of California ruled in favor of the ACLU and required the government to hold a release hearing every six months, even for detainees who had been subject to mandatory detention. That decision was upheld in 2015 by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/01/supreme-court-debates-detained-immigrants-right-to-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oral arguments on the case\u003c/a> in November 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine Western states and two Pacific Islands in the 9th Circuit's jurisdiction are currently required to provide bond hearings every six months. Most other states have no specific timetable for holding release proceedings for immigrant detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a decision today,” said Cornell immigration law professor Yale-Loehr. “Unfortunately, that means immigrants will continue to remain in detention until the Supreme Court's ultimate decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A national standard setting limits on immigration detention could significantly thwart the Trump administration’s plan to end bond releases in all but the most extreme cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Rodriguez ruling merely established a right to a hearing every six months -- not a guaranteed release -- it shifted the burden of proof from the detainee to the government: Now immigration officials must provide evidence that the detainee is a threat to public safety, or likely to flee, in order to keep a person locked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secretary of Homeland Security sought to end bond releases for immigrants subject to mandatory detention as part of stepped-up enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent \u003ca href=\"///Users/juliesmall/Documents/DHS%20memo%20on%20EO%2020170125.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo\u003c/a>, Secretary John Kelly ordered ICE agents to keep people facing deportation locked up until they receive a final court decision on whether they are allowed to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly also asked Congress for \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/05/25/written-testimony-dhs-secretary-kelly-senate-appropriations-subcommittee-homeland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$7.5 billion\u003c/a> in discretionary funding for ICE in fiscal year 2018, in part to expand the number of detention beds for immigrants to 51,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the justices ultimately strike down the decision, immigrants detained in California and the other 9th Circuit states could lose what advocates consider a key constitutional right -- protection from prolonged or arbitrary detention.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Discharged, Deported: Why California May Cover Vets’ Legal Bids to Return",
"title": "Discharged, Deported: Why California May Cover Vets’ Legal Bids to Return",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Andy de Leon thought he was the only one.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Deported to Mexico, the Vietnam-era Army cook struggled to find a way to live in Tijuana—landing in the sprawling border city after serving time for a drug conviction. At age 65 he lost his home in Madera, his car and his family. It’s been years since he’s seen his 10 grandchildren.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think it’s wrong. We risked our lives for Uncle Sam, and then for a little mistake we made in our lives and got in trouble with the police, they deport us right away. They don’t want us,” said de Leon, adding he became addicted to drugs and sold them\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>to support his habit after his mother died and he couldn’t find a job.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">De Leon, who notes he was honorably discharged, is not alone. He is one of an estimated several thousand veterans expelled from the United States since 1996, when deportation of immigrants with certain convictions became mandatory, with no judicial discretion. It wasn’t until their deportations, after serving their time in jail or prison, that many of them realized they were not citizens.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Clad in black sweats and a Super Bowl T-shirt, de Leon sits on a metal folding chair in a place that’s become a second home to vets like him: the Deported Veterans Support House. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“They should give us a chance to go back,” he said, his voice loud and raspy. “We are not angels that came down from heaven. We all make mistakes.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Now state and federal lawmakers are trying to help them. The California Assembly this month approved \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB386\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">AB 386\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which would direct the state to pay legal fees for certain deported veterans trying to return to the U.S. if they have a California connection—such as having been stationed at a California base, or having children attending school here. Nobody voted no on the Assembly floor, and the bill is expected to clear the state Senate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11526402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11526402\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-520x346.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deported U.S. military veterans, Andrew De Leon, left, and Alejandro Gomez Cortez, chat at the Deported Veteran's Support House, where he is living, in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(David Maung/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s unknown how much this would cost the state, but the bill states that legal aid would be\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>subject to annual funding. Last week the Legislature sent Gov. Jerry Brown a budget that \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB89\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">includes\u003c/span>\u003c/a> $45 million for the legal defense of immigrants facing deportation. The bill sponsor, San Diego Democratic Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, is pushing ahead with the legislation because it would explicitly state that deported veterans are eligible for that legal aid.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Immigrants who serve in the U.S. military are automatically eligible for citizenship, but to gain it they must complete the application process. The legal permanent residents— green card holders—say they mistakenly thought they received citizenship when they enlisted and took their military oaths. Others didn’t follow through with the paperwork during active duty.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Many of the veterans at the support house, started by deported former Army paratrooper Hector Barajas-Varela in 2013, have pinned their hopes on the California bill and federal efforts. Otherwise, they don’t expect to return to California until they are dead—when they will be allowed to be buried with military honors in a U.S. cemetery.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If Brown signs the bill it would be the first time any government aid has gone to individuals removed from the country.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“These are people who made a compact with the federal government—they were willing to give their life and fight for their country—and in exchange our military service said ‘you will be granted citizenship.’ And for whatever reason that didn’t happen,” Gonzalez Fletcher said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“To me, whatever crime they committed is irrelevant because we don’t deport people who commit crimes,” she said, “we deport people who aren’t U.S. citizens.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Although California is at the forefront of resistance to the Trump administration’s crackdown against undocumented immigrants, the Assemblywoman said her bill’s timing is coincidental. Many of the targeted vets were deported under previous administrations and attention to their plight has been building.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher said her husband, veteran and former state legislator Nathan Fletcher, had been leading an effort to persuade a Democratic White House to take action. But when Hillary Clinton lost the November election, however, Gonzalez Fletcher said the focus turned to what California could do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11526403\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11526403\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"751\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-240x361.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-520x781.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Military identification tags hang on a wall at the Deported Veteran's Support House. \u003ccite>(David Maung/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Opposition stems from organizations pushing for more stringent immigration laws, increased deportations and less legal immigration. Mark Krikorian heads the Center for Immigration Studies, which advocates for strict immigration enforcement and limits on legal immigration. His position: Deported vets should not be let back in.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“They had a chance to become citizens on the fast track while in the service, and they chose not to take it, despite the military's hectoring green-card soldiers to get naturalized,” he said. “They're grown-ups and need to deal with the consequences of their actions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Critics also see this as another move by California to go out of its way to protect immigrants since President Donald Trump took office.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“California does not have a legal defense fund for other veterans who find themselves in legal difficulties,” said Ira Mehlman, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairus.org/about/staff\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Federation for American Immigration Reform\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an organization that advocates for strict immigration enforcement and limited immigration. “The infrastructure is crumbling and schools and hospitals are a mess but they seem to always have money, not just for veterans but for anybody illegally in the country.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The U.S. military allows legal permanent residents who hold green cards to enlist, and about 5,000 of them do every year. The armed services also take \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/policy-to-allow-undocumented-immigrants-in-military/16225135/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">undocumented\u003c/span>\u003c/a> immigrants if they have certain skills. And during a draft, they will take any able-bodied person, including undocumented immigrants who are required by law to register for service.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Immigration authorities do not track how many veterans the federal government deports each year. But in the past two decades since the immigration \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">laws\u003c/span>\u003c/a> changed, the American Civil Liberties Union estimates some 3,000 veterans have been deported—many of them leaving behind children and partners.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“All of these folks served their time. They should not be serving a life sentence, and that is what they are serving with deportation,” said Jennie Pasquarella, director of immigrant rights for the ACLU of California. “They deserve the same second chance any other citizen would have that commits a crime.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She added that nearly all of the deported veterans the ACLU has worked with through the support house, known as the Bunker, were legal permanent residents who arrived in the U.S. as children and enlisted when they were old enough.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">An ACLU \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusandiego.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/DischargedThenDiscarded-ACLUofCA.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year interviewed about 240 veterans deported to 34 countries. It states that in many cases “these were minor offenses committed by veterans who succumbed to the difficulties of readjusting to civilian life and paid their debt to society. Had they been naturalized, as they should have been after being honorably discharged, they would not have been forced to settle a second debt—lifetime banishment from the United States.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ACLU is working with the members of the Bunker, combing through their cases looking for legal recourse. Veterans may be eligible to expunge their record, reclassify their crime under current laws, appeal their deportation or apply for citizenship or visas that would allow them to return.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11526401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11526401\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1020x1533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"962\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1020x1533.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-800x1202.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1920x2885.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1180x1773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-960x1443.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-240x361.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-375x564.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-520x781.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Gomez Cortez, a deported U.S. military veteran, walks up a stairway at the Deported Veteran's Support House, in Tijuana, Mexico, on June 19, 2017. \u003ccite>(David Maung/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At the support house they call The Bunker, the veterans have created a community. It’s a small space, part storefront, part apartment, on a quiet dusty side street about 15 minutes from the border. Draped in American and military flags, the office doubles as founder Barajas-Varela’s bunk. Cots are arranged upstairs for veterans who need a place to sleep after deportation. The house dog, a friendly brindle mutt, is named Boots.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Barajas-Varela is the backbone of the operation—he counsels other vets about their cases and welcomes film and news crews. He’s one of three vets who recently received a pardon from Brown, and he’s anxiously awaiting a federal decision on his citizenship application. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">He’s also tuned in to the fate of the California bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> “When you are deported no one cares about you,” he said. “For this legislation to be introduced is huge.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Barajas-Varela and his parents arrived in the U.S. from Mexico when he was 7. He grew up in Gardena and Compton and enlisted in the Army at age 17, going on to serve in the 82\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> Airborne until his honorable discharge in 2001 after six years of service.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I wanted to join to get away from my neighborhood, because of the promises of education, citizenship, a career,” Barajas-Varela remembers. “I wanted to be a G.I. Joe and serve my country.” He said he presumed citizenship was automatic and only learned later that he needed to complete paperwork, when he was busy with assignments and jumping out of airplanes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The year after he left the Army he got in trouble, eventually pleading guilty to discharging a firearm into a vehicle. After nearly two years in jail, he was deported. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Within a few months he was back—starting a family and working in construction until a fender-bender led to police attention and ultimately banishment across the border.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">His daughter Lilliana was a preschooler then. Now she’s 11, talks to her dad via Skype and hasn’t seen him in nearly a year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I started with a little list of people,” he said about making contact with other vets. “When I first started I didn’t have a plan, except that if you were a deported veteran we said, ‘come and stay here with us.’”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“At the end of the day we are still American veterans, and we should be allowed to live in the country, and if we screw up again then we should go to jail,” Barajas-Varela said. “Some of the men get in trouble because of their military service. Everyone copes differently and they come back to environments that are unhealthy.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The California bill will only help those who have an option under current laws, including a new one that allows people to apply to reclassify previous convictions. But for many ejected vets, legal defense won’t get them home, at least not until there is a federal change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Last month, a congressional delegation led by Democratic Rep. Juan Vargas of San Diego visited the Bunker, garnering attention for federal bills that would\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>prevent the deportation of veterans in the first place and give deported veterans access to medical care and the right to re-enter the U.S. to process citizenship papers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“There’s just not a lot more that a state can do,” said Gonzalez Fletcher. “I’m hopeful we can get similar support in Washington to move on a federal level.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org\">\u003ci>CALmatters.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci> is a public interest journalism venture committed to explaining how California’s state Capitol works and why it matters.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The California Assembly this month approved AB 386 to pay legal fees for certain deported veterans trying to return to the U.S.",
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"description": "The California Assembly this month approved AB 386 to pay legal fees for certain deported veterans trying to return to the U.S.",
"title": "Discharged, Deported: Why California May Cover Vets’ Legal Bids to Return | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Elizabeth Aguilera\u003c/strong> \u003cbr>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/discharged-deported-california-may-cover-legal-bid-return/\">CALmatters\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Andy de Leon thought he was the only one.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Deported to Mexico, the Vietnam-era Army cook struggled to find a way to live in Tijuana—landing in the sprawling border city after serving time for a drug conviction. At age 65 he lost his home in Madera, his car and his family. It’s been years since he’s seen his 10 grandchildren.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think it’s wrong. We risked our lives for Uncle Sam, and then for a little mistake we made in our lives and got in trouble with the police, they deport us right away. They don’t want us,” said de Leon, adding he became addicted to drugs and sold them\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>to support his habit after his mother died and he couldn’t find a job.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">De Leon, who notes he was honorably discharged, is not alone. He is one of an estimated several thousand veterans expelled from the United States since 1996, when deportation of immigrants with certain convictions became mandatory, with no judicial discretion. It wasn’t until their deportations, after serving their time in jail or prison, that many of them realized they were not citizens.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Clad in black sweats and a Super Bowl T-shirt, de Leon sits on a metal folding chair in a place that’s become a second home to vets like him: the Deported Veterans Support House. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“They should give us a chance to go back,” he said, his voice loud and raspy. “We are not angels that came down from heaven. We all make mistakes.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Now state and federal lawmakers are trying to help them. The California Assembly this month approved \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB386\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">AB 386\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which would direct the state to pay legal fees for certain deported veterans trying to return to the U.S. if they have a California connection—such as having been stationed at a California base, or having children attending school here. Nobody voted no on the Assembly floor, and the bill is expected to clear the state Senate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11526402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11526402\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3-520x346.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deported U.S. military veterans, Andrew De Leon, left, and Alejandro Gomez Cortez, chat at the Deported Veteran's Support House, where he is living, in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(David Maung/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s unknown how much this would cost the state, but the bill states that legal aid would be\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>subject to annual funding. Last week the Legislature sent Gov. Jerry Brown a budget that \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB89\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">includes\u003c/span>\u003c/a> $45 million for the legal defense of immigrants facing deportation. The bill sponsor, San Diego Democratic Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, is pushing ahead with the legislation because it would explicitly state that deported veterans are eligible for that legal aid.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Immigrants who serve in the U.S. military are automatically eligible for citizenship, but to gain it they must complete the application process. The legal permanent residents— green card holders—say they mistakenly thought they received citizenship when they enlisted and took their military oaths. Others didn’t follow through with the paperwork during active duty.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Many of the veterans at the support house, started by deported former Army paratrooper Hector Barajas-Varela in 2013, have pinned their hopes on the California bill and federal efforts. Otherwise, they don’t expect to return to California until they are dead—when they will be allowed to be buried with military honors in a U.S. cemetery.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If Brown signs the bill it would be the first time any government aid has gone to individuals removed from the country.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“These are people who made a compact with the federal government—they were willing to give their life and fight for their country—and in exchange our military service said ‘you will be granted citizenship.’ And for whatever reason that didn’t happen,” Gonzalez Fletcher said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“To me, whatever crime they committed is irrelevant because we don’t deport people who commit crimes,” she said, “we deport people who aren’t U.S. citizens.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Although California is at the forefront of resistance to the Trump administration’s crackdown against undocumented immigrants, the Assemblywoman said her bill’s timing is coincidental. Many of the targeted vets were deported under previous administrations and attention to their plight has been building.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher said her husband, veteran and former state legislator Nathan Fletcher, had been leading an effort to persuade a Democratic White House to take action. But when Hillary Clinton lost the November election, however, Gonzalez Fletcher said the focus turned to what California could do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11526403\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11526403\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"751\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-240x361.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-4-520x781.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Military identification tags hang on a wall at the Deported Veteran's Support House. \u003ccite>(David Maung/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Opposition stems from organizations pushing for more stringent immigration laws, increased deportations and less legal immigration. Mark Krikorian heads the Center for Immigration Studies, which advocates for strict immigration enforcement and limits on legal immigration. His position: Deported vets should not be let back in.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“They had a chance to become citizens on the fast track while in the service, and they chose not to take it, despite the military's hectoring green-card soldiers to get naturalized,” he said. “They're grown-ups and need to deal with the consequences of their actions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Critics also see this as another move by California to go out of its way to protect immigrants since President Donald Trump took office.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“California does not have a legal defense fund for other veterans who find themselves in legal difficulties,” said Ira Mehlman, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fairus.org/about/staff\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Federation for American Immigration Reform\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an organization that advocates for strict immigration enforcement and limited immigration. “The infrastructure is crumbling and schools and hospitals are a mess but they seem to always have money, not just for veterans but for anybody illegally in the country.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The U.S. military allows legal permanent residents who hold green cards to enlist, and about 5,000 of them do every year. The armed services also take \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/09/25/policy-to-allow-undocumented-immigrants-in-military/16225135/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">undocumented\u003c/span>\u003c/a> immigrants if they have certain skills. And during a draft, they will take any able-bodied person, including undocumented immigrants who are required by law to register for service.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Immigration authorities do not track how many veterans the federal government deports each year. But in the past two decades since the immigration \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/104/crpt/hrpt828/CRPT-104hrpt828.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">laws\u003c/span>\u003c/a> changed, the American Civil Liberties Union estimates some 3,000 veterans have been deported—many of them leaving behind children and partners.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“All of these folks served their time. They should not be serving a life sentence, and that is what they are serving with deportation,” said Jennie Pasquarella, director of immigrant rights for the ACLU of California. “They deserve the same second chance any other citizen would have that commits a crime.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">She added that nearly all of the deported veterans the ACLU has worked with through the support house, known as the Bunker, were legal permanent residents who arrived in the U.S. as children and enlisted when they were old enough.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">An ACLU \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusandiego.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/DischargedThenDiscarded-ACLUofCA.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year interviewed about 240 veterans deported to 34 countries. It states that in many cases “these were minor offenses committed by veterans who succumbed to the difficulties of readjusting to civilian life and paid their debt to society. Had they been naturalized, as they should have been after being honorably discharged, they would not have been forced to settle a second debt—lifetime banishment from the United States.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ACLU is working with the members of the Bunker, combing through their cases looking for legal recourse. Veterans may be eligible to expunge their record, reclassify their crime under current laws, appeal their deportation or apply for citizenship or visas that would allow them to return.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11526401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11526401\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1020x1533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"962\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1020x1533.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-800x1202.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1920x2885.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-1180x1773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-960x1443.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-240x361.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-375x564.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DEPORTED-VETS-Photo-2-520x781.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alejandro Gomez Cortez, a deported U.S. military veteran, walks up a stairway at the Deported Veteran's Support House, in Tijuana, Mexico, on June 19, 2017. \u003ccite>(David Maung/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At the support house they call The Bunker, the veterans have created a community. It’s a small space, part storefront, part apartment, on a quiet dusty side street about 15 minutes from the border. Draped in American and military flags, the office doubles as founder Barajas-Varela’s bunk. Cots are arranged upstairs for veterans who need a place to sleep after deportation. The house dog, a friendly brindle mutt, is named Boots.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Barajas-Varela is the backbone of the operation—he counsels other vets about their cases and welcomes film and news crews. He’s one of three vets who recently received a pardon from Brown, and he’s anxiously awaiting a federal decision on his citizenship application. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">He’s also tuned in to the fate of the California bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> “When you are deported no one cares about you,” he said. “For this legislation to be introduced is huge.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Barajas-Varela and his parents arrived in the U.S. from Mexico when he was 7. He grew up in Gardena and Compton and enlisted in the Army at age 17, going on to serve in the 82\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003csup>nd\u003c/sup>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> Airborne until his honorable discharge in 2001 after six years of service.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I wanted to join to get away from my neighborhood, because of the promises of education, citizenship, a career,” Barajas-Varela remembers. “I wanted to be a G.I. Joe and serve my country.” He said he presumed citizenship was automatic and only learned later that he needed to complete paperwork, when he was busy with assignments and jumping out of airplanes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The year after he left the Army he got in trouble, eventually pleading guilty to discharging a firearm into a vehicle. After nearly two years in jail, he was deported. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Within a few months he was back—starting a family and working in construction until a fender-bender led to police attention and ultimately banishment across the border.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">His daughter Lilliana was a preschooler then. Now she’s 11, talks to her dad via Skype and hasn’t seen him in nearly a year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I started with a little list of people,” he said about making contact with other vets. “When I first started I didn’t have a plan, except that if you were a deported veteran we said, ‘come and stay here with us.’”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“At the end of the day we are still American veterans, and we should be allowed to live in the country, and if we screw up again then we should go to jail,” Barajas-Varela said. “Some of the men get in trouble because of their military service. Everyone copes differently and they come back to environments that are unhealthy.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The California bill will only help those who have an option under current laws, including a new one that allows people to apply to reclassify previous convictions. But for many ejected vets, legal defense won’t get them home, at least not until there is a federal change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Last month, a congressional delegation led by Democratic Rep. Juan Vargas of San Diego visited the Bunker, garnering attention for federal bills that would\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>prevent the deportation of veterans in the first place and give deported veterans access to medical care and the right to re-enter the U.S. to process citizenship papers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“There’s just not a lot more that a state can do,” said Gonzalez Fletcher. “I’m hopeful we can get similar support in Washington to move on a federal level.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org\">\u003ci>CALmatters.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci> is a public interest journalism venture committed to explaining how California’s state Capitol works and why it matters.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For Some Students, Getting an Education Means Crossing the Border",
"title": "For Some Students, Getting an Education Means Crossing the Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>The land border crossing between Tijuana and San Ysidro is one of the busiest in the world. Every day 25,000 people cross the border on foot. Among the crowd are students whose families live in Tijuana. Each morning their families commute many hours to bring the children to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and his mom, Maria, wake up at 5:30 a.m. each day to make the trek from their home in Tijuana to Juan's high school in San Ysidro. Some mornings, crossing the border can take up to an hour and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been kind of, it's been a lot,\" Juan says. \"Every day crossing it's like, the time management, it's finishing homework on time. It's a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Juan's mom says it's worth the sacrifice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has more of a future here in the United States,\" Maria says. \"The school is much better here than in Tijuana. It's a lot of work. A lot for him and for me. We wake up very early, wait in line, but it's worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and Maria asked not to be identified by their last name because families caught living outside the district can be fined the cost of their education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers in San Ysidro say as many as 1,000 students cross the border every morning to go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11520720\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/borderstudents_001a_custom-487e7833873fc1e0e649bc53281d00355e08e1c0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11520720\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Levinson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 5:30 a.m. on a typical day at the border crossing, a steady stream of cars continues to pull up to the Mexico side of the border and drop off kids. They all make their way through the fence and up the ramp to cross the border into the U.S. to go to school. The kids are of all ages. High school students come in groups of three, four and five, and younger kids walk with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the border, some students get on the bus, and others take off on skateboards and bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the younger children will walk just a few blocks to Willow Elementary School where Nancy Alvarado has taught 5th grade since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many cases, those are the kids who are here every day with their little backpacks on, their hair done, their breakfast eaten, and they get up at the crack of dawn,\" Alvarado says. \"Any parent who makes that sacrifice obviously wants their children in school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado says there are two primary reasons families move to Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mozjCntZO3vRfhKPzzD0wHnFOgIheq0J\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is the cost of living in southern California. The San Ysidro School District has a staggering 33 percent student homelessness rate, the highest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, if parents of kids who are U.S. citizens find themselves forcibly removed from the U.S., many parents still want their children to have a U.S. education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have kids arrive mid-year because someone got deported, and that's every year,\" Alvarado says. \"We have kids who arrive in, like, April.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they ask the students questions like, \" 'Where were you before? Bakersfield. And what brings you here? Ah, my dad was deported.' That's every year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of Alvarado's 30 students are Hispanic and many commute from Mexico. She says she can see that her students are visibly stressed by having to cross the border every day, especially now with the heightened rhetoric about illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They hear the rhetoric of 'build the wall' and imagine the Berlin Wall,\" Alvarado says. \"My kids are very aware of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533118558/533327622\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public school budgets are determined by attendance and funded through property taxes. In order to enroll, families must prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one from the school district responded to a request for comment on whether families or kids traveling daily from Tijuana were skirting the rules. But Jason Wells, the executive director of the San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce says the community has faith in its system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a community we trust in our school district and what they do as far as their handling of residency confirmation,\" Wells says. \"I wouldn't say that the community sees children coming from Mexico as a tax burden. This community is very supportive of people regardless of their immigration status.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Maria registered Juan for school last year, the two still lived in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We lived here in San Diego, but here the rent is very expensive,\" she says. \"So, I decided to go to Tijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3CI1FiF104s2AbDuX8p4RO0SUKuRLpUz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before next school year, they will have to find another way to prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm scared. Next year, they'll ask for a lot of papers,\" Maria says. \"I'll ask for an address from one of my family members. I'll ask for a favor and maybe he'll stay here with them. It will be harder for me because we're used to being together, but, well, he has to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado is quick to point out that most of the families who cross the border would likely be homeless if they stayed in San Ysidro, and wouldn't be paying property taxes anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those kids are American citizens,\" she says. \"They have a right to live here. That they don't live here now doesn't mean they won't live here someday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that being the case, she says it's in the community's and the country's best interest to see that these students get an education. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=For+Some+Students%2C+Getting+An+Education+Means+Crossing+The+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Hundreds of kids are U.S. citizens, but live in Mexico. Every day they walk across the border to go to school in California.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The land border crossing between Tijuana and San Ysidro is one of the busiest in the world. Every day 25,000 people cross the border on foot. Among the crowd are students whose families live in Tijuana. Each morning their families commute many hours to bring the children to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and his mom, Maria, wake up at 5:30 a.m. each day to make the trek from their home in Tijuana to Juan's high school in San Ysidro. Some mornings, crossing the border can take up to an hour and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been kind of, it's been a lot,\" Juan says. \"Every day crossing it's like, the time management, it's finishing homework on time. It's a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Juan's mom says it's worth the sacrifice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has more of a future here in the United States,\" Maria says. \"The school is much better here than in Tijuana. It's a lot of work. A lot for him and for me. We wake up very early, wait in line, but it's worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan and Maria asked not to be identified by their last name because families caught living outside the district can be fined the cost of their education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers in San Ysidro say as many as 1,000 students cross the border every morning to go to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11520720\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/borderstudents_001a_custom-487e7833873fc1e0e649bc53281d00355e08e1c0-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11520720\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars wait in line to cross from Mexico into the United States on May 2 in Tijuana. The U.S. government says approximately 50,000 vehicles cross between Tijuana and San Diego every day. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Levinson/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 5:30 a.m. on a typical day at the border crossing, a steady stream of cars continues to pull up to the Mexico side of the border and drop off kids. They all make their way through the fence and up the ramp to cross the border into the U.S. to go to school. The kids are of all ages. High school students come in groups of three, four and five, and younger kids walk with their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the border, some students get on the bus, and others take off on skateboards and bikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the younger children will walk just a few blocks to Willow Elementary School where Nancy Alvarado has taught 5th grade since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many cases, those are the kids who are here every day with their little backpacks on, their hair done, their breakfast eaten, and they get up at the crack of dawn,\" Alvarado says. \"Any parent who makes that sacrifice obviously wants their children in school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado says there are two primary reasons families move to Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is the cost of living in southern California. The San Ysidro School District has a staggering 33 percent student homelessness rate, the highest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other cases, if parents of kids who are U.S. citizens find themselves forcibly removed from the U.S., many parents still want their children to have a U.S. education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have kids arrive mid-year because someone got deported, and that's every year,\" Alvarado says. \"We have kids who arrive in, like, April.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says they ask the students questions like, \" 'Where were you before? Bakersfield. And what brings you here? Ah, my dad was deported.' That's every year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All but one of Alvarado's 30 students are Hispanic and many commute from Mexico. She says she can see that her students are visibly stressed by having to cross the border every day, especially now with the heightened rhetoric about illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They hear the rhetoric of 'build the wall' and imagine the Berlin Wall,\" Alvarado says. \"My kids are very aware of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/533118558/533327622\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public school budgets are determined by attendance and funded through property taxes. In order to enroll, families must prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one from the school district responded to a request for comment on whether families or kids traveling daily from Tijuana were skirting the rules. But Jason Wells, the executive director of the San Ysidro Chamber of Commerce says the community has faith in its system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a community we trust in our school district and what they do as far as their handling of residency confirmation,\" Wells says. \"I wouldn't say that the community sees children coming from Mexico as a tax burden. This community is very supportive of people regardless of their immigration status.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Maria registered Juan for school last year, the two still lived in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We lived here in San Diego, but here the rent is very expensive,\" she says. \"So, I decided to go to Tijuana.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before next school year, they will have to find another way to prove residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm scared. Next year, they'll ask for a lot of papers,\" Maria says. \"I'll ask for an address from one of my family members. I'll ask for a favor and maybe he'll stay here with them. It will be harder for me because we're used to being together, but, well, he has to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarado is quick to point out that most of the families who cross the border would likely be homeless if they stayed in San Ysidro, and wouldn't be paying property taxes anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those kids are American citizens,\" she says. \"They have a right to live here. That they don't live here now doesn't mean they won't live here someday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that being the case, she says it's in the community's and the country's best interest to see that these students get an education. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=For+Some+Students%2C+Getting+An+Education+Means+Crossing+The+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "6 Things to Know About Trump's Reversal on 'Dreamers'",
"title": "6 Things to Know About Trump's Reversal on 'Dreamers'",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has reversed himself on one key campaign promise on immigration — and kept another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security says it will preserve, for now, an Obama administration program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. It's the most explicit statement yet that the Trump administration will not seek to deport the so-called \"Dreamers\" who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly officially revoked another program that might have protected some of their parents from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-candidate Trump promised to get rid of both programs during last year's campaign, saying \"we will immediately terminate President Obama's two illegal executive amnesties\" during a major immigration speech in August 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his position on so-called \"Dreamers\" has been shifting since the election. Here's where it stands now and what that could mean for \"Dreamers\" and their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. What did the Trump administration just do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/06/15/frequently-asked-questions-rescission-memorandum-providing-deferred-action-parents\">FAQ posted on its web site\u003c/a> Thursday night, the Department of Homeland Security says current DACA recipients \"will continue to be eligible for renewal,\" and that DHS will continue to abide by \"the terms of the original DACA program\" as outlined by the Obama administration on June 15, 2012.[contextly_sidebar id=\"l8kUN3qt1OQ3qCMVVRcWGHdupdWSTpoV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/s1-exercising-prosecutorial-discretion-individuals-who-came-to-us-as-children.pdf\">The Obama-era memo\u003c/a>, issued five years ago this week, lays out who is eligible for DACA. It's also what protects people who signed up for the program from deportation, and allows them to apply for work permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Does this go beyond what President Trump had said before?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his inauguration, President Trump told ABC that DACA recipients \"shouldn't be very worried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do have a big heart. We're going to take care of everybody,\" he told ABC. \"But I will tell you, we're looking at this, the whole immigration situation, we're looking at it with great heart.\" Trump suggested that a new DACA policy would be forthcoming, but did not clarify what it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Is this a victory for immigrant rights activists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not exactly. It's clearly a relief for some of the roughly 800,000 people who've signed up for DACA. As the fifth anniversary of the program approached, there were fears that the Trump administration might abolish it altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is an important win for those 800,000 individuals,\" says Muzna Ansari, immigration policy manager at the New York Immigration Coalition. \"But in the grand scheme of things, there are 11 million undocumented immigrants living in this country, who have really been living in fear\" under the Trump administration.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RpBL3zqXw2CpR2vtSnpGI1RJHn1hj9kk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. How do President Trump's supporters feel about it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are deeply disappointed. Others are willing to give the president the benefit of the doubt because his administration has been aggressively cracking down on illegal immigration across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He broke the DACA promise,\" says Dan Stein, president of Federation for American Immigration Reform, which advocates for lower immigration levels. \"Are we happy about it? No,\" Stein said. \"We think they should have allowed the work authorizations to expire. End of story, full stop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Stein is taking the long view. He says the White House may want to use the DACA program as a bargaining chip in negotiations with Congressional Democrats on a broader immigration reform package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What is DAPA, and how does it fit in?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DAPA is shorthand for Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents. It's another Obama-era program that would have extended protection from deportation even further. It was designed for the parents of U.S. citizens and legal residents who were themselves living in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was quickly blocked by the courts, and never implemented.[contextly_sidebar id=\"JxtyEpnP7laTO50PrQCMYtEKcxdF49JG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS officially revoked DAPA on Thursday. But that was not a big surprise, since no one expected the Trump administration to defend the program in court, as the Obama administration had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Is this a final decision on the future DACA?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word, no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House and the Department of Homeland Security have been emphasizing that this is not a permanent decision, and that president could still change his mind and revoke that program, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now, the administration continues to accept new DACA applications. And DHS says that \"no work permits will be terminated prior to their current expiration dates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=6+Things+To+Know+About+Trump%27s+Reversal+On+%27Dreamers%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has reversed himself on one key campaign promise on immigration — and kept another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security says it will preserve, for now, an Obama administration program known as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA. It's the most explicit statement yet that the Trump administration will not seek to deport the so-called \"Dreamers\" who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly officially revoked another program that might have protected some of their parents from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-candidate Trump promised to get rid of both programs during last year's campaign, saying \"we will immediately terminate President Obama's two illegal executive amnesties\" during a major immigration speech in August 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his position on so-called \"Dreamers\" has been shifting since the election. Here's where it stands now and what that could mean for \"Dreamers\" and their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. What did the Trump administration just do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/06/15/frequently-asked-questions-rescission-memorandum-providing-deferred-action-parents\">FAQ posted on its web site\u003c/a> Thursday night, the Department of Homeland Security says current DACA recipients \"will continue to be eligible for renewal,\" and that DHS will continue to abide by \"the terms of the original DACA program\" as outlined by the Obama administration on June 15, 2012.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/s1-exercising-prosecutorial-discretion-individuals-who-came-to-us-as-children.pdf\">The Obama-era memo\u003c/a>, issued five years ago this week, lays out who is eligible for DACA. It's also what protects people who signed up for the program from deportation, and allows them to apply for work permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Does this go beyond what President Trump had said before?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his inauguration, President Trump told ABC that DACA recipients \"shouldn't be very worried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I do have a big heart. We're going to take care of everybody,\" he told ABC. \"But I will tell you, we're looking at this, the whole immigration situation, we're looking at it with great heart.\" Trump suggested that a new DACA policy would be forthcoming, but did not clarify what it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Is this a victory for immigrant rights activists?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not exactly. It's clearly a relief for some of the roughly 800,000 people who've signed up for DACA. As the fifth anniversary of the program approached, there were fears that the Trump administration might abolish it altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is an important win for those 800,000 individuals,\" says Muzna Ansari, immigration policy manager at the New York Immigration Coalition. \"But in the grand scheme of things, there are 11 million undocumented immigrants living in this country, who have really been living in fear\" under the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. How do President Trump's supporters feel about it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are deeply disappointed. Others are willing to give the president the benefit of the doubt because his administration has been aggressively cracking down on illegal immigration across the board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He broke the DACA promise,\" says Dan Stein, president of Federation for American Immigration Reform, which advocates for lower immigration levels. \"Are we happy about it? No,\" Stein said. \"We think they should have allowed the work authorizations to expire. End of story, full stop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Stein is taking the long view. He says the White House may want to use the DACA program as a bargaining chip in negotiations with Congressional Democrats on a broader immigration reform package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What is DAPA, and how does it fit in?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DAPA is shorthand for Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents. It's another Obama-era program that would have extended protection from deportation even further. It was designed for the parents of U.S. citizens and legal residents who were themselves living in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was quickly blocked by the courts, and never implemented.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS officially revoked DAPA on Thursday. But that was not a big surprise, since no one expected the Trump administration to defend the program in court, as the Obama administration had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Is this a final decision on the future DACA?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word, no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House and the Department of Homeland Security have been emphasizing that this is not a permanent decision, and that president could still change his mind and revoke that program, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now, the administration continues to accept new DACA applications. And DHS says that \"no work permits will be terminated prior to their current expiration dates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=6+Things+To+Know+About+Trump%27s+Reversal+On+%27Dreamers%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "While Immigration Debate Focuses on Border, Visa Overstayers Get Overlooked",
"title": "While Immigration Debate Focuses on Border, Visa Overstayers Get Overlooked",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Talk about unauthorized immigrants, and our minds often go to those arriving across the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there's another group, one that accounts for about 40 percent of the estimated 11.3 million people living in the U.S. illegally. They came into the country on temporary visas and overstayed, flying for the most part under the immigration radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visa overstayers receive relatively scant mention in the national debate over illegal immigration, although federal statistics suggest more people have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Entry%20and%20Exit%20Overstay%20Report%2C%20Fiscal%20Year%202016.pdf\">overstayed on expired visas last year\u003c/a> than have been arrested crossing the southern border in the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite what could be as many as 4.5 million overstayers in the country, the federal government can’t provide an accurate count of people with expired visas because officials don’t have a good way to track them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We count people coming in, but we don’t really count people coming out,\" said Randy Capps, a demographer with the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. \"So we can’t match entries with exits, and without being able to match the exits, we really don’t know how many overstays there are, with very much precision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/06/2017-06-15f-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Carolina-800x588.jpg\" Title=\"While Immigration Debate Focuses on Border, Visa Overstayers Get Overlooked\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing those who remain in the country with expired visas also largely fails to break into public discussion about counterterrorism measures, although two of the Sept. 11 hijackers were in the U.S. on expired visas at the time of the attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the Center for Migration Studies, a nonpartisan research group based in New York, provided one estimate of overstayers, calculating that \u003ca href=\"http://cmsny.org/publications/jmhs-visa-overstays-border-wall/\">about 42 percent\u003c/a> of the roughly 11.3 million unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S. during 2014 were people who remained in the country after their visas expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the same report, visa overstays have outpaced illegal border-crossing arrests in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2016 alone, the Department of Homeland Security reported \u003ca href=\"http://cmsny.org/publications/jmhs-visa-overstays-border-wall/\">close to 409,000 apprehensions\u003c/a> along the Mexican border in fiscal year 2016. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Entry%20and%20Exit%20Overstay%20Report%2C%20Fiscal%20Year%202016.pdf\">report by the agency released last month\u003c/a> calculated that at the end of fiscal year 2016, nearly 630,000 travelers who arrived on temporary visas by air or sea were thought to still be in the U.S. with expired permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visa overstayers come to the U.S. from around the world. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/02/03/homeland-security-produces-first-estimate-of-foreign-visitors-to-u-s-who-overstay-deadline-to-leave/\">Pew Research Center analysis\u003c/a>, Canada led at the end of fiscal 2015 with the largest number of visitors here on expired visas after coming by air or sea, followed by Mexico, Brazil and Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11512891\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Chart shows leading countries for visitors overstaying their permits by end of fiscal 2015. Includes air or sea visitors arriving for business or pleasure.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-520x325.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chart shows leading countries for visitors overstaying their permits by end of fiscal 2015. Includes air or sea visitors arriving for business or pleasure. \u003ccite>(KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data on visa overstayers released by Homeland Security is likely understated: It includes only those who arrived by air or sea and does not count others who arrived by land, crossing the borders with a valid visa in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolina is one such visa overstayer. Twelve years ago, she arrived from Mexico on a tourist visa. She said she didn’t intend to stay. “At first we just came to visit,\" she said in Spanish. \"We didn’t bring anything -- we only came to visit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolina, who didn't want her last name used for fear of deportation, said she came with her children to visit her husband’s family in the San Fernando Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once there, the mother in her 40s said she changed her mind. One reason she had traveled to the U.S. from the family's home in the state of Jalisco was to shake the depression she said she suffered when she lost a baby to stillbirth. In the U.S., she said, she felt the fog lifting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like I was liberated, like I could block it out,\" Carolina said. \"I could almost forget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6YdCyegR3ebOn75FKFCL4OZp1U2oqIYO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the encouragement of relatives, she decided to stay longer than planned. Then, \"time went by, and the kids began going to school, and we stayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that happened, Carolina joined the ranks of unauthorized immigrants who didn’t cross the border illegally, but rather arrived on a temporary visa, such as issued for visits or studying, and stayed beyond their permitted time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>U.S. Can't Keep Track of Visa Overstayers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Keeping tabs on people who overstay their visas has proved difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, Congress has called for better ways to count those who remain illegally in the country. But aside from several pilot programs that have not gone far, the U.S. hasn't come up with a solution yet, said Claude Arnold, a former field office director for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t definitely verify that someone has departed the country, a non-immigrant,\" Arnold said. \"The only record that would show their departure is airline records. And while that usually is linked to some sort of identification document, it is not linked to biometrics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a nationwide biometric exit-tracking system is far off, and U.S. officials continue to rely on the information contained in travelers' passports to verify travelers' information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1990s, Congress passed a law calling for a system to track visa entries and exits. The same call was repeated with added urgency after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Congressional directives since have sought the development of a fingerprint-based or other biometric system that would let officials know with certainty who leaves the U.S. and who doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's very easy to visualize whether there is a wall or not. It's harder to think about the whole system.'\u003ccite>Randy Capps, Migration Policy Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the Migration Policy Institute, a handful of nations, like Australia and the United Kingdom, have developed ways to track visitors who leave their countries. Hong Kong also has an exit tracking system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts say exit tracking systems tend to work better for governments that are islands or have a lower volume of travelers. In the U.S., with its multiple international airports, its busy land borders, and high volume of travelers, it’s proved impossible so far, said Randy Capps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would require deploying technology at every gate at every airport for every international flight, which is prohibitively expensive and logistically challenging,\" Capps said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be even harder to track those who leave by land, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/travel/biometric-security-initiatives\">biometric test programs\u003c/a> have been tried out in recent years. Last summer, federal officials set up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/cbp-deploys-test-departure-information-systems-technology-hartsfield\">field test of facial-recognition technology\u003c/a> at Atlanta's international airport to compare images of some departing travelers with their photos on record. The Obama administration also tested a hand-held fingerprint collection device at several airports and biometric technology at the Otay Mesa port of entry near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11512902\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A biometric reader sits on display at the Border Security Expo on April 12, 2017 in San Antonio, Texas. The border expo brings together government officials and private sector firms promoting new technology, most of it for sale to the federal government. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A biometric reader sits on display at the Border Security Expo on April 12, 2017, in San Antonio, Texas. The border expo brings together government officials and private sector firms promoting new technology, most of it for sale to the federal government. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has set a goal of tracking visa overstayers: Language in President Trump's revised travel ban calls for Homeland Security officials to \"expedite the completion and implementation of a biometric entry exit tracking system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban remains hung up by legal challenges, with the president seeking to have it reinstated with a hearing before the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531158852/trump-asks-supreme-court-to-reinstate-travel-ban-on-6-majority-muslim-nations\">U.S. Supreme Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the border takes center stage. Trump's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/budget/fy2018/budget.pdf\">proposed federal budget\u003c/a> calls for $2.6 billion in infrastructure and security technology, including money for the construction of a southern border wall. The Migration Policy Institute's Capps points to one reason why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very easy to visualize people coming across the border,\" Capps said. \"It’s very easy to visualize whether there is a wall or not. It’s harder to think about the whole system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Enforcement Hampered by Lack of Information\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials said they attempt to seek out some visa overstayers, and would gladly look for more, but they have limited information to work with. A recent audit by the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General listed a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2017/OIG-17-56-May17_0.pdf\">technological challenges\u003c/a> in tracking overstays, like databases that don't communicate with one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best thing agents have to work with is airline passenger records, and these can be inaccurate, said Arnold, the former local immigration enforcement chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times they’ll go through that whole process, they’ll locate where the person last lived, and they’ll find out the person did depart the U.S.,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because agency resources are limited, he said, those investigated tend to be deemed security threats. As for everyone else, \"unless they are encountered in some other ICE enforcement action, they are essentially … not going to be looked for proactively,\" Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MjPGw27Ffo2U0kPc9aTNpXSiZ6xD8Uj9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added there’s a perception, perhaps misguided, that people who arrive with visas are somehow less risky than those who come without one. “People have to get visas, right?\" Arnold said. \"They have to go through the inspection process. So, they can’t be that bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criminal penalties are also nonexistent. While it’s a misdemeanor to enter the country illegally, it’s not a crime to overstay a visa. Pending legislation in the House of Representatives seeks to change that: \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/643\">One measure\u003c/a>, introduced earlier this year, would make it a crime to overstay a visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another broader immigration bill recently debated in a House committee would criminalize illegal presence in the U.S., applying to overstayers as well as those who came without visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolina has heard this news. But she said she works, pays taxes and raises her kids like any other American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they are saying they are going to deport all the people who entered with visas then, I guess, that would be me,\" Carolina said. \"But I do not feel like I am a criminal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband, who eventually joined the family here without a visa, are being sponsored by relatives for green cards that would grant them legal resident status.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/leslie-berestein-rojas\">Leslie Berestein Rojas\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Talk about unauthorized immigrants, and our minds often go to those arriving across the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet there's another group, one that accounts for about 40 percent of the estimated 11.3 million people living in the U.S. illegally. They came into the country on temporary visas and overstayed, flying for the most part under the immigration radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visa overstayers receive relatively scant mention in the national debate over illegal immigration, although federal statistics suggest more people have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Entry%20and%20Exit%20Overstay%20Report%2C%20Fiscal%20Year%202016.pdf\">overstayed on expired visas last year\u003c/a> than have been arrested crossing the southern border in the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite what could be as many as 4.5 million overstayers in the country, the federal government can’t provide an accurate count of people with expired visas because officials don’t have a good way to track them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We count people coming in, but we don’t really count people coming out,\" said Randy Capps, a demographer with the nonpartisan Migration Policy Institute in Washington, D.C. \"So we can’t match entries with exits, and without being able to match the exits, we really don’t know how many overstays there are, with very much precision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing those who remain in the country with expired visas also largely fails to break into public discussion about counterterrorism measures, although two of the Sept. 11 hijackers were in the U.S. on expired visas at the time of the attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the Center for Migration Studies, a nonpartisan research group based in New York, provided one estimate of overstayers, calculating that \u003ca href=\"http://cmsny.org/publications/jmhs-visa-overstays-border-wall/\">about 42 percent\u003c/a> of the roughly 11.3 million unauthorized immigrants living in the U.S. during 2014 were people who remained in the country after their visas expired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the same report, visa overstays have outpaced illegal border-crossing arrests in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2016 alone, the Department of Homeland Security reported \u003ca href=\"http://cmsny.org/publications/jmhs-visa-overstays-border-wall/\">close to 409,000 apprehensions\u003c/a> along the Mexican border in fiscal year 2016. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Entry%20and%20Exit%20Overstay%20Report%2C%20Fiscal%20Year%202016.pdf\">report by the agency released last month\u003c/a> calculated that at the end of fiscal year 2016, nearly 630,000 travelers who arrived on temporary visas by air or sea were thought to still be in the U.S. with expired permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visa overstayers come to the U.S. from around the world. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/02/03/homeland-security-produces-first-estimate-of-foreign-visitors-to-u-s-who-overstay-deadline-to-leave/\">Pew Research Center analysis\u003c/a>, Canada led at the end of fiscal 2015 with the largest number of visitors here on expired visas after coming by air or sea, followed by Mexico, Brazil and Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11512891\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Chart shows leading countries for visitors overstaying their permits by end of fiscal 2015. Includes air or sea visitors arriving for business or pleasure.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/OverstayGraph-520x325.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chart shows leading countries for visitors overstaying their permits by end of fiscal 2015. Includes air or sea visitors arriving for business or pleasure. \u003ccite>(KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Data on visa overstayers released by Homeland Security is likely understated: It includes only those who arrived by air or sea and does not count others who arrived by land, crossing the borders with a valid visa in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolina is one such visa overstayer. Twelve years ago, she arrived from Mexico on a tourist visa. She said she didn’t intend to stay. “At first we just came to visit,\" she said in Spanish. \"We didn’t bring anything -- we only came to visit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolina, who didn't want her last name used for fear of deportation, said she came with her children to visit her husband’s family in the San Fernando Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once there, the mother in her 40s said she changed her mind. One reason she had traveled to the U.S. from the family's home in the state of Jalisco was to shake the depression she said she suffered when she lost a baby to stillbirth. In the U.S., she said, she felt the fog lifting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like I was liberated, like I could block it out,\" Carolina said. \"I could almost forget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the encouragement of relatives, she decided to stay longer than planned. Then, \"time went by, and the kids began going to school, and we stayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that happened, Carolina joined the ranks of unauthorized immigrants who didn’t cross the border illegally, but rather arrived on a temporary visa, such as issued for visits or studying, and stayed beyond their permitted time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>U.S. Can't Keep Track of Visa Overstayers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Keeping tabs on people who overstay their visas has proved difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, Congress has called for better ways to count those who remain illegally in the country. But aside from several pilot programs that have not gone far, the U.S. hasn't come up with a solution yet, said Claude Arnold, a former field office director for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t definitely verify that someone has departed the country, a non-immigrant,\" Arnold said. \"The only record that would show their departure is airline records. And while that usually is linked to some sort of identification document, it is not linked to biometrics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a nationwide biometric exit-tracking system is far off, and U.S. officials continue to rely on the information contained in travelers' passports to verify travelers' information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1990s, Congress passed a law calling for a system to track visa entries and exits. The same call was repeated with added urgency after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Congressional directives since have sought the development of a fingerprint-based or other biometric system that would let officials know with certainty who leaves the U.S. and who doesn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's very easy to visualize whether there is a wall or not. It's harder to think about the whole system.'\u003ccite>Randy Capps, Migration Policy Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the Migration Policy Institute, a handful of nations, like Australia and the United Kingdom, have developed ways to track visitors who leave their countries. Hong Kong also has an exit tracking system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts say exit tracking systems tend to work better for governments that are islands or have a lower volume of travelers. In the U.S., with its multiple international airports, its busy land borders, and high volume of travelers, it’s proved impossible so far, said Randy Capps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would require deploying technology at every gate at every airport for every international flight, which is prohibitively expensive and logistically challenging,\" Capps said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be even harder to track those who leave by land, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/travel/biometric-security-initiatives\">biometric test programs\u003c/a> have been tried out in recent years. Last summer, federal officials set up a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/cbp-deploys-test-departure-information-systems-technology-hartsfield\">field test of facial-recognition technology\u003c/a> at Atlanta's international airport to compare images of some departing travelers with their photos on record. The Obama administration also tested a hand-held fingerprint collection device at several airports and biometric technology at the Otay Mesa port of entry near San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512902\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11512902\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A biometric reader sits on display at the Border Security Expo on April 12, 2017 in San Antonio, Texas. The border expo brings together government officials and private sector firms promoting new technology, most of it for sale to the federal government. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/Biometric-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A biometric reader sits on display at the Border Security Expo on April 12, 2017, in San Antonio, Texas. The border expo brings together government officials and private sector firms promoting new technology, most of it for sale to the federal government. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has set a goal of tracking visa overstayers: Language in President Trump's revised travel ban calls for Homeland Security officials to \"expedite the completion and implementation of a biometric entry exit tracking system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The travel ban remains hung up by legal challenges, with the president seeking to have it reinstated with a hearing before the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/02/531158852/trump-asks-supreme-court-to-reinstate-travel-ban-on-6-majority-muslim-nations\">U.S. Supreme Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the border takes center stage. Trump's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/budget/fy2018/budget.pdf\">proposed federal budget\u003c/a> calls for $2.6 billion in infrastructure and security technology, including money for the construction of a southern border wall. The Migration Policy Institute's Capps points to one reason why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very easy to visualize people coming across the border,\" Capps said. \"It’s very easy to visualize whether there is a wall or not. It’s harder to think about the whole system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Enforcement Hampered by Lack of Information\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials said they attempt to seek out some visa overstayers, and would gladly look for more, but they have limited information to work with. A recent audit by the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General listed a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2017/OIG-17-56-May17_0.pdf\">technological challenges\u003c/a> in tracking overstays, like databases that don't communicate with one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best thing agents have to work with is airline passenger records, and these can be inaccurate, said Arnold, the former local immigration enforcement chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times they’ll go through that whole process, they’ll locate where the person last lived, and they’ll find out the person did depart the U.S.,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because agency resources are limited, he said, those investigated tend to be deemed security threats. As for everyone else, \"unless they are encountered in some other ICE enforcement action, they are essentially … not going to be looked for proactively,\" Arnold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added there’s a perception, perhaps misguided, that people who arrive with visas are somehow less risky than those who come without one. “People have to get visas, right?\" Arnold said. \"They have to go through the inspection process. So, they can’t be that bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criminal penalties are also nonexistent. While it’s a misdemeanor to enter the country illegally, it’s not a crime to overstay a visa. Pending legislation in the House of Representatives seeks to change that: \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/643\">One measure\u003c/a>, introduced earlier this year, would make it a crime to overstay a visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another broader immigration bill recently debated in a House committee would criminalize illegal presence in the U.S., applying to overstayers as well as those who came without visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carolina has heard this news. But she said she works, pays taxes and raises her kids like any other American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they are saying they are going to deport all the people who entered with visas then, I guess, that would be me,\" Carolina said. \"But I do not feel like I am a criminal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband, who eventually joined the family here without a visa, are being sponsored by relatives for green cards that would grant them legal resident status.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Back Into the Shadows: Immigrants Retreat From Needed Services as Deportation Fears Loom",
"title": "Back Into the Shadows: Immigrants Retreat From Needed Services as Deportation Fears Loom",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On an April afternoon, Maria, paralyzed with fear, shrunk into herself, while her abusive husband told a judge hearing her restraining order case that she’s an illegal immigrant and a liar, who shouldn’t be here and who married him only for the visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was terrified. She was terrified that the judge was going to be like, ‘Oh, well, in that case, we’re calling ICE (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement) right now,’ ” said Sophora Acheson, a manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.rubysplace.org/wp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ruby’s Place\u003c/a> in Hayward, the domestic violence shelter where Maria sought help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria, a pseudonym, because Ruby’s Place doesn’t identify any of its clients, arrived at the shelter in March. Now in her early thirties, she came to Los Angeles from Mexico over a decade ago, and moved to Northern California to marry her now-husband, who she says turned out to be abusive and alcoholic. They wed in 2015, and she left her factory job before giving birth prematurely to her son last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11510515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sophora Acheson reviews the board tracking all families living at Ruby’s Place in the intake room. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Afraid that her husband had also begun physically abusing their 6-month-old baby, she came to Ruby’s Place. She says he threatened to report her and her parents’ undocumented status and to have her baby taken away, if she reported the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of working with staff at Ruby’s Place, Maria overcame fears of deportation enough to seek a restraining order. Now, she worries about keeping custody of her son. Using a mother’s undocumented status against her in custody hearings is a typical move for an abuser, said Acheson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fear of deportation has always been a barrier to immigrants approaching law enforcement, especially for those who are undocumented. Compounding the issue, domestic and sexual violence are chronically under-reported across all demographics. In recent months, that fear has multiplied after President Trump’s pledges to crack down on illegal immigration and to build a wall along the Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510514\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510514\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The playground at Ruby’s Place is strewn with toys used by children staying at the shelter. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Julia Mass, an immigration lawyer for the ACLU, said, “What’s changed is the Trump administration has no priority enforcement, so they’re going to enforce against anybody they come across,” a policy that has raised anxiety for many immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in Northern California, where many cities and counties have designated themselves \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/06/long-history-of-sanctuary-laws-debate-in-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuaries\u003c/a> — indicating local law enforcement will not work with ICE — fear is rife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants have retreated not just from law enforcement, but from services of all kinds. Parents are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/safe-haven-schools-face-limitations-in-protecting-immigrant-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">afraid to send their children to school\u003c/a>, in case they’re taken in an ICE raid during the day and their kids have no one to return home to. Others fear using medical services — clinics note that some patients with chronic illnesses have stopped showing up for treatment. Even legal immigrants are afraid. In some areas, they’ve un-enrolled from \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/inforesources/calfresh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CalFresh\u003c/a>, government food benefits available only to legal residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many immigrant women across Northern California are too afraid to file for restraining orders, report abuse or seek U visas — predominately for victims of domestic and sexual violence —because those filings require working with law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acheson said before Trump took office, roughly half of their undocumented domestic violence clients were interested in working with police and filing for U visas. Now, “maybe 10 percent are willing or will request any sort of legal services,” she said. “And especially [if] they have to be in direct contact with the police and working with them for prosecution, they’ll flat out just say no, absolutely not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When survivors do come in for help, they are often so scared that they won’t stay more than a few days or a week, even packing up their belongings and bolting in the middle of the night, under cover of darkness. “We haven’t really seen that in the past. Maybe once in a blue moon that would happen,” said Acheson. “Now, one in five undocumented families that come in will only stay a week and then flee, because they feel that they’re safer running, than sort of being a ‘sitting duck’ as they’ve called it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/327145121&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police chiefs in \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/HPD-chief-announces-decrease-in-Hispanics-11053829.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Houston \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-immigrant-crime-reporting-drops-20170321-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> have both announced concerning decreases in reports of sexual and domestic violence by Latina women. According to the San Francisco Police Department, their unpublished data show a 14 percent decrease in reports of domestic violence by Hispanic women in the first three months of the year, compared to the same time period in the previous year. SFPD Sgt. Michael Andraychak said they couldn't attribute the drop to any particular reason, though they are aware of deportation concerns in the immigrant community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to reassure the community that victims or witnesses of any crime can come forward and report those incidents to the police, without concerns of their immigration status being questioned,” said Andraychak in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other local law enforcement agencies, immigration lawyers and shelters say it’s too early in the new presidential administration to release conclusive data. But, from Livermore to Sacramento, organizations report observations of increased fears causing immigrants to retreat from the services they need, and the preliminary data they do have echoes the anecdotal reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants “are already so marginalized, and they’re getting nabbed by ICE and detained all the time, so it’s really scary for survivors of domestic violence … to come forward right now,” said Jill Zawisza, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.womaninc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WOMAN Inc.\u003c/a>, an organization that serves domestic violence survivors in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, WOMAN Inc. has received about 10 percent more calls to its domestic violence hotline and seen an increase in therapy appointments from people who don’t want to involve law enforcement. As women shy away from reporting crimes, they turn to others for help. “There’s definitely something going on,” said Zawisza. “A lot of people who want to connect, people who want to talk to someone, people who don’t want to interface with the police department for a myriad of reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But service providers, like WOMAN Inc., are uncertain about how to advise their clients. “We basically tell them that anytime they call the police department to their home or into their situation, that they’re losing an element of control,” said Zawisza. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/14/defiant-san-francisco-vows-to-remain-sanctuary-city/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Given San Francisco’s sanctuary status\u003c/a>, she said undocumented immigrants have a better chance of safely interacting with law enforcement, but fear is still pervasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t wholeheartedly assure people that they’re not going to get in trouble if they call the police department. It’s hard to know how to respond,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Weibel, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahirih.org/locations/san-francisco-bay-area/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Bay Area office of Tahirih Justice Center\u003c/a>, which specializes in legal services for immigrant women, said this is a pressing moral issue for advocates. “The current climate and situation, for me at least, has taken away my personal feeling that I could responsibly tell someone you have absolutely nothing to fear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local police departments are also concerned about how this climate is affecting their relationships with immigrant communities, and they’re conducting outreach to maintain communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood City police Capt. John Spicer, who works closely with the immigrant community there, said his department has seen a noticeable dampening effect on victims’ and witnesses’ willingness to come forward, making it increasingly difficult for police to intervene. Such fear, he said, “means that crime is able to flourish a little more,” which impacts everyone’s safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This effect extends far beyond domestic and sexual violence survivors. “I don’t think it matters what the crime is. I think people will see law enforcement and the justice system as something that is now less accessible to them and potentially threatening to them, because they’re concerned that the federal government will somehow get that information and use it to deport them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early March, a man in Redwood City began shooting through the walls of his apartment and into neighbors’ homes in the middle of the night. Police came to the small, gray apartment complex, and began evacuating adjacent residences as the shooter’s gunshots blasted through walls, but one resident refused to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This person could hear gunshots and see officers in uniform, but was convinced that the entire situation was “a ruse being used by the federal government to get them out and take them into custody,” said Spicer. As an undocumented immigrant, “that person was in peril, because they really mistrusted any form of authority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Getting a Driver's License\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fear of interacting with authorities is also affecting immigrants who want to obtain driver’s licenses. In January 2015, California passed a law, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/ab60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 60\u003c/a>, allowing residents without Social Security numbers to get driver’s licenses. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/should-states-give-drivers-licenses-unauthorized-residents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A recent Stanford study\u003c/a> found that issuing licenses to undocumented immigrants decreased hit-and-run incidents and increased overall traffic safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, data provided from the DMV show a steady decrease in AB 60 licenses issued since the program went into effect, which the department attributes to an initial rush of applications when the program began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gina Gates, who runs free Spanish-language driver’s education workshops for immigrants applying for AB 60 licenses in San Jose, has noted increased fear and reluctance to apply for licenses since Trump’s campaign — which may also explain the decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the election, she stopped offering classes while reaching out to elected officials and the DMV to see how the program might be affected under Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510513\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11510513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of driver’s education students study at Gina Gates’ recent class in May, the first she’s held since the election. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gina Gates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gates said many immigrants are worried that, having given their addresses to the DMV to obtain licenses, ICE may find and arrest them. Some have even considering moving. Those who haven’t applied for licenses yet are more hesitant to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates ran her first class since the election in late May, and although she said it went well, “everyone is feeling very attacked,\" and expressed worries about being deported if they give government officials their addresses. She’s updated her curriculum to include information about their rights when approached by ICE, and to encourage parents to make plans for their children in case they’re detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass, the ACLU lawyer, said the risk of obtaining an AB 60 license varies case by case. “It’s a little different calculus,” she said. “Now we just say, it’s important to get a driver’s license, but it’s also important to know that getting a driver’s license might make it easier for federal immigration authorities to find you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates will no longer list the locations or times of her classes online either, as she doesn't want that information to be available to federal immigration authorities. Instead, details of classes are circulated via word of mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Anxiety Drives Down School Attendance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"sc-dropcap\">U\u003c/span>ndocumented immigrants’ fears of deportation are acute in schools, too. In Alameda County, Assistant District Attorney Teresa Drenick has seen an uptick in immigrant families embroiled in habitual truancy cases. Rumors of ICE patrolling near schools in largely Hispanic neighborhoods inspired so much fear that parents kept their children home from school for extended periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moms are worried that they’re going to drop their kids off in the morning and then get swept up by immigration authorities and not be there in the afternoon, so they’re scared to do it at all,” said Drenick in a May interview. Her priority was to work with families to keep children in class, rather than to prosecute truancy cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11510512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicole Knight references the Oakland Unified School District’s newly created Sanctuary District web page. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to deportation fears and anxiety in schools, Oakland’s Board of Education renewed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/05/pre-inauguration-california-districts-declare-sanctuary-schools/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a resolution upholding the district as a sanctuary\u003c/a>. Nicole Knight, executive director of the district’s English language learner and multilingual achievement department, led the task force to execute the resolution’s ideals, including developing protocol in case ICE comes to campus, in case there is ICE activity in the community, or in case a student’s family member is detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the resolution was renewed, at least three families have had members detained. In each case, school staff collected details about the time and place of arrest and where the family member was held and reached out to immigrant rights organizations and attorneys to obtain legal help. At the same time, school staff made plans for a safe place for the children to stay until their parents were released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its outreach campaign next year the district plans to plaster posters at all school sites in multiple languages affirming school as a sanctuary. In September, the district is holding a workshop for teachers to share best practices, process their own experiences, and create curricula that addresses trauma experienced by immigrants and other affected communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11510511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gloria Hernandez-Goff checks her phone at the Ravenswood Unified School District office. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gloria Hernandez-Goff, superintendent of the East Palo Alto Ravenswood District, said that while attendance has not dropped, students’ unease has increased dramatically, causing students to act out and cry in the classroom. Each school in the district has one mental health counselor, which Hernandez-Goff said is no longer enough to manage the mental health issues that have manifested this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ravenswood students recently completed yearly academic assessment tests. “Stress, and not having certain things in place in your everyday life, does affect your academic outcomes,” Hernandez-Goff said. “So I’m not really sure what to expect from the [test] results of this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Medical Services Go Unused\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The negative effects of anxiety on immigrants’ mental health extends past children. “It’s really traumatic. [We see] individuals who are going into forms of depression, individuals who now feel that they’re unwanted in the country they may have lived in for decades,” said Greg Garrett, chief of policy at \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedahealthconsortium.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alameda Health Consortium\u003c/a>, a private, nonprofit group of health centers. “And this is causing trauma, which is actually resulting in severe mental health issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the consortium has seen an increase in immigrants seeking mental health services, they’ve experienced a drop-off in other patients, including immigrants with chronic illnesses. In one instance, a cancer patient was in remission until she recently started showing signs of cancer again. But after two sessions, she stopped showing up for treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caseworkers eventually were able to make contact with her, and discovered she had a friend who was recently deported. Her fear of being similarly identified and detained if she continued using health services caused her to stop treatment for several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have individuals putting their own lives at risk because of this fear,” said Garrett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Clanon, medical director of the Health Care Services Agency of Alameda County, said that though they’ve heard of immigrants hesitating to enroll or continue enrollment in health services, at their organization they've been able to leverage their existing relationships to prevent that from happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon said they're worried, though, about people who don’t have trusting relationships with doctors and are now not receiving any medical care. Measuring that absence is difficult, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Even Legal Residents Unenroll From Benefits\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"sc-dropcap\">I\u003c/span>n the first few months of the year, the San Francisco Human Services Agency began receiving an unusual number of calls. Suddenly, people were picking up the phone to unenroll from CalFresh benefits. Only legal residents are eligible for CalFresh. But even legal immigrants are feeling compelled to disconnect from government food assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft executive order leaked in January seeking to deport immigrants dependent on taxpayer help incited fear that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/03/28/deportation-fears-prompt-immigrants-to-cancel-food-stamps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal immigrants would be deported for using social services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has concerned our immigrant population in terms of feeling safe about applying for CalFresh, because they don’t want that to be the reason they might be deported,” said Denise Boland, director of employment and benefits services at the Santa Clara County Social Services Agency. “So even legal immigrants are concerned now about CalFresh and don’t feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandra Johnson, director of communications at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhsa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Human Services Agency\u003c/a>, said they can’t know for sure why people decline services, but households with at least one noncitizen were particularly likely to unenroll. Many mixed-status families are especially prone to disengage from services due to fear of family members being deported, even if the person receiving benefits has legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the increase in mixed-status families unenrolling, and a slight decrease in applications from the same group, the San Francisco office has been reaching out to the community to ensure people know that policies have not changed, and anyone who was previously eligible for benefits still is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any time we think that families are turning away from nutrition benefits, or having to make some of those hard choices … in a city as expensive as San Francisco, in between housing or putting food on the table or [paying for] utilities or those sorts of things,” Johnson said, “it’s a concern to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510519\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11510519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food is passed out at a Second Harvest Food Bank distribution site. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Second Harvest Food Bank)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.shfb.org/\">Second Harvest Food Bank\u003c/a>, which both distributes food through several programs independent of the government and helps people enroll in CalFresh at some of their facilities, has seen increased hesitancy in immigrants wanting to take government benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One family, of five legal refugees from Nepal living in Sunnyvale, came to the food pantry because they couldn't make ends meet. The family was paying $2,080 in monthly rent, but only bringing in a monthly income of $2,000. Second Harvest secured a translator and helped them fill out a CalFresh application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were ready to hit submit in completing the application, and then they decided they just didn’t want to put … their ability to stay here in jeopardy. And so they decided not to apply for CalFresh after all, which was kind of heartbreaking,” said Anna Dyer, Second Harvest’s director of client services. “It’s really tough to qualify for [CalFresh], because it’s only the lowest-income folks, so it means that they’re really, really struggling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Now?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"sc-dropcap\">I\u003c/span>ndependent and government agencies alike are struggling with how to counteract the fear of deportation that’s causing immigrants to retreat back into the shadows. Nonprofit service providers and local government branches from social services to police departments are partnering with immigration lawyers to orchestrate Know Your Rights events and educate the immigrant community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond encouraging immigrants to continue engaging with the services they need, which, by and large, they are still entitled to under current policies, many service providers find themselves at a loss for how to inspire confidence. Uncertainty of what the future will bring is a major driving force in the collective anxiety felt by immigrants, and, to a lesser degree, by the service providers themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucy Barron lives in East Palo Alto and works in administration at Ravenswood Unified School District. Steep local housing prices have led her to live in a garage with her husband and five children. She and her family are especially conscious of being good neighbors so others in the area won’t have reason to seek their eviction by calling ICE, a threat she says many in her neighborhood grapple with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barron has legal status here, and volunteers with Ravenswood’s food services to help other immigrants, whether documented or not, get healthy food. Her husband, however, is undocumented, and is currently going through a court process with ICE with the potential of being deported. He is working with a lawyer to try to obtain legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be ready for anything,” said. She begins to tear up as she contemplates the possibility of providing for her family without her husband’s income, or, worse, returning to Mexico, which she said is impossible given the violence there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She felt conditions for immigrants were improving under the previous administration, but now, “It’s like a bomb that’s going to explode pretty soon,” she said. “It’s just like nerves that you feel all the time. ‘OK, are we going to be OK today?’ That’s what it is … Now it’s more like we’re waiting for the worst.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On an April afternoon, Maria, paralyzed with fear, shrunk into herself, while her abusive husband told a judge hearing her restraining order case that she’s an illegal immigrant and a liar, who shouldn’t be here and who married him only for the visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was terrified. She was terrified that the judge was going to be like, ‘Oh, well, in that case, we’re calling ICE (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement) right now,’ ” said Sophora Acheson, a manager at \u003ca href=\"http://www.rubysplace.org/wp/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ruby’s Place\u003c/a> in Hayward, the domestic violence shelter where Maria sought help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria, a pseudonym, because Ruby’s Place doesn’t identify any of its clients, arrived at the shelter in March. Now in her early thirties, she came to Los Angeles from Mexico over a decade ago, and moved to Northern California to marry her now-husband, who she says turned out to be abusive and alcoholic. They wed in 2015, and she left her factory job before giving birth prematurely to her son last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11510515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2932-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sophora Acheson reviews the board tracking all families living at Ruby’s Place in the intake room. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Afraid that her husband had also begun physically abusing their 6-month-old baby, she came to Ruby’s Place. She says he threatened to report her and her parents’ undocumented status and to have her baby taken away, if she reported the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of working with staff at Ruby’s Place, Maria overcame fears of deportation enough to seek a restraining order. Now, she worries about keeping custody of her son. Using a mother’s undocumented status against her in custody hearings is a typical move for an abuser, said Acheson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fear of deportation has always been a barrier to immigrants approaching law enforcement, especially for those who are undocumented. Compounding the issue, domestic and sexual violence are chronically under-reported across all demographics. In recent months, that fear has multiplied after President Trump’s pledges to crack down on illegal immigration and to build a wall along the Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510514\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11510514\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2877-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The playground at Ruby’s Place is strewn with toys used by children staying at the shelter. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Julia Mass, an immigration lawyer for the ACLU, said, “What’s changed is the Trump administration has no priority enforcement, so they’re going to enforce against anybody they come across,” a policy that has raised anxiety for many immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in Northern California, where many cities and counties have designated themselves \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/06/long-history-of-sanctuary-laws-debate-in-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sanctuaries\u003c/a> — indicating local law enforcement will not work with ICE — fear is rife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants have retreated not just from law enforcement, but from services of all kinds. Parents are \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/safe-haven-schools-face-limitations-in-protecting-immigrant-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">afraid to send their children to school\u003c/a>, in case they’re taken in an ICE raid during the day and their kids have no one to return home to. Others fear using medical services — clinics note that some patients with chronic illnesses have stopped showing up for treatment. Even legal immigrants are afraid. In some areas, they’ve un-enrolled from \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/inforesources/calfresh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CalFresh\u003c/a>, government food benefits available only to legal residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many immigrant women across Northern California are too afraid to file for restraining orders, report abuse or seek U visas — predominately for victims of domestic and sexual violence —because those filings require working with law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acheson said before Trump took office, roughly half of their undocumented domestic violence clients were interested in working with police and filing for U visas. Now, “maybe 10 percent are willing or will request any sort of legal services,” she said. “And especially [if] they have to be in direct contact with the police and working with them for prosecution, they’ll flat out just say no, absolutely not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When survivors do come in for help, they are often so scared that they won’t stay more than a few days or a week, even packing up their belongings and bolting in the middle of the night, under cover of darkness. “We haven’t really seen that in the past. Maybe once in a blue moon that would happen,” said Acheson. “Now, one in five undocumented families that come in will only stay a week and then flee, because they feel that they’re safer running, than sort of being a ‘sitting duck’ as they’ve called it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/327145121&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police chiefs in \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/HPD-chief-announces-decrease-in-Hispanics-11053829.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Houston \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-immigrant-crime-reporting-drops-20170321-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> have both announced concerning decreases in reports of sexual and domestic violence by Latina women. According to the San Francisco Police Department, their unpublished data show a 14 percent decrease in reports of domestic violence by Hispanic women in the first three months of the year, compared to the same time period in the previous year. SFPD Sgt. Michael Andraychak said they couldn't attribute the drop to any particular reason, though they are aware of deportation concerns in the immigrant community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to reassure the community that victims or witnesses of any crime can come forward and report those incidents to the police, without concerns of their immigration status being questioned,” said Andraychak in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other local law enforcement agencies, immigration lawyers and shelters say it’s too early in the new presidential administration to release conclusive data. But, from Livermore to Sacramento, organizations report observations of increased fears causing immigrants to retreat from the services they need, and the preliminary data they do have echoes the anecdotal reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented immigrants “are already so marginalized, and they’re getting nabbed by ICE and detained all the time, so it’s really scary for survivors of domestic violence … to come forward right now,” said Jill Zawisza, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.womaninc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WOMAN Inc.\u003c/a>, an organization that serves domestic violence survivors in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the election, WOMAN Inc. has received about 10 percent more calls to its domestic violence hotline and seen an increase in therapy appointments from people who don’t want to involve law enforcement. As women shy away from reporting crimes, they turn to others for help. “There’s definitely something going on,” said Zawisza. “A lot of people who want to connect, people who want to talk to someone, people who don’t want to interface with the police department for a myriad of reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But service providers, like WOMAN Inc., are uncertain about how to advise their clients. “We basically tell them that anytime they call the police department to their home or into their situation, that they’re losing an element of control,” said Zawisza. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/14/defiant-san-francisco-vows-to-remain-sanctuary-city/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Given San Francisco’s sanctuary status\u003c/a>, she said undocumented immigrants have a better chance of safely interacting with law enforcement, but fear is still pervasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t wholeheartedly assure people that they’re not going to get in trouble if they call the police department. It’s hard to know how to respond,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan Weibel, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahirih.org/locations/san-francisco-bay-area/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Bay Area office of Tahirih Justice Center\u003c/a>, which specializes in legal services for immigrant women, said this is a pressing moral issue for advocates. “The current climate and situation, for me at least, has taken away my personal feeling that I could responsibly tell someone you have absolutely nothing to fear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local police departments are also concerned about how this climate is affecting their relationships with immigrant communities, and they’re conducting outreach to maintain communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood City police Capt. John Spicer, who works closely with the immigrant community there, said his department has seen a noticeable dampening effect on victims’ and witnesses’ willingness to come forward, making it increasingly difficult for police to intervene. Such fear, he said, “means that crime is able to flourish a little more,” which impacts everyone’s safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This effect extends far beyond domestic and sexual violence survivors. “I don’t think it matters what the crime is. I think people will see law enforcement and the justice system as something that is now less accessible to them and potentially threatening to them, because they’re concerned that the federal government will somehow get that information and use it to deport them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early March, a man in Redwood City began shooting through the walls of his apartment and into neighbors’ homes in the middle of the night. Police came to the small, gray apartment complex, and began evacuating adjacent residences as the shooter’s gunshots blasted through walls, but one resident refused to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This person could hear gunshots and see officers in uniform, but was convinced that the entire situation was “a ruse being used by the federal government to get them out and take them into custody,” said Spicer. As an undocumented immigrant, “that person was in peril, because they really mistrusted any form of authority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Getting a Driver's License\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fear of interacting with authorities is also affecting immigrants who want to obtain driver’s licenses. In January 2015, California passed a law, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/ab60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 60\u003c/a>, allowing residents without Social Security numbers to get driver’s licenses. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/should-states-give-drivers-licenses-unauthorized-residents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A recent Stanford study\u003c/a> found that issuing licenses to undocumented immigrants decreased hit-and-run incidents and increased overall traffic safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, data provided from the DMV show a steady decrease in AB 60 licenses issued since the program went into effect, which the department attributes to an initial rush of applications when the program began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gina Gates, who runs free Spanish-language driver’s education workshops for immigrants applying for AB 60 licenses in San Jose, has noted increased fear and reluctance to apply for licenses since Trump’s campaign — which may also explain the decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the election, she stopped offering classes while reaching out to elected officials and the DMV to see how the program might be affected under Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510513\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11510513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/20170523_194416-1024x576-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of driver’s education students study at Gina Gates’ recent class in May, the first she’s held since the election. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Gina Gates)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gates said many immigrants are worried that, having given their addresses to the DMV to obtain licenses, ICE may find and arrest them. Some have even considering moving. Those who haven’t applied for licenses yet are more hesitant to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates ran her first class since the election in late May, and although she said it went well, “everyone is feeling very attacked,\" and expressed worries about being deported if they give government officials their addresses. She’s updated her curriculum to include information about their rights when approached by ICE, and to encourage parents to make plans for their children in case they’re detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass, the ACLU lawyer, said the risk of obtaining an AB 60 license varies case by case. “It’s a little different calculus,” she said. “Now we just say, it’s important to get a driver’s license, but it’s also important to know that getting a driver’s license might make it easier for federal immigration authorities to find you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gates will no longer list the locations or times of her classes online either, as she doesn't want that information to be available to federal immigration authorities. Instead, details of classes are circulated via word of mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Anxiety Drives Down School Attendance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"sc-dropcap\">U\u003c/span>ndocumented immigrants’ fears of deportation are acute in schools, too. In Alameda County, Assistant District Attorney Teresa Drenick has seen an uptick in immigrant families embroiled in habitual truancy cases. Rumors of ICE patrolling near schools in largely Hispanic neighborhoods inspired so much fear that parents kept their children home from school for extended periods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moms are worried that they’re going to drop their kids off in the morning and then get swept up by immigration authorities and not be there in the afternoon, so they’re scared to do it at all,” said Drenick in a May interview. Her priority was to work with families to keep children in class, rather than to prosecute truancy cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11510512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2967-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicole Knight references the Oakland Unified School District’s newly created Sanctuary District web page. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to deportation fears and anxiety in schools, Oakland’s Board of Education renewed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/05/pre-inauguration-california-districts-declare-sanctuary-schools/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a resolution upholding the district as a sanctuary\u003c/a>. Nicole Knight, executive director of the district’s English language learner and multilingual achievement department, led the task force to execute the resolution’s ideals, including developing protocol in case ICE comes to campus, in case there is ICE activity in the community, or in case a student’s family member is detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the resolution was renewed, at least three families have had members detained. In each case, school staff collected details about the time and place of arrest and where the family member was held and reached out to immigrant rights organizations and attorneys to obtain legal help. At the same time, school staff made plans for a safe place for the children to stay until their parents were released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its outreach campaign next year the district plans to plaster posters at all school sites in multiple languages affirming school as a sanctuary. In September, the district is holding a workshop for teachers to share best practices, process their own experiences, and create curricula that addresses trauma experienced by immigrants and other affected communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11510511\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_2857-1024x768.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gloria Hernandez-Goff checks her phone at the Ravenswood Unified School District office. \u003ccite>(Virginia Fay/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gloria Hernandez-Goff, superintendent of the East Palo Alto Ravenswood District, said that while attendance has not dropped, students’ unease has increased dramatically, causing students to act out and cry in the classroom. Each school in the district has one mental health counselor, which Hernandez-Goff said is no longer enough to manage the mental health issues that have manifested this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ravenswood students recently completed yearly academic assessment tests. “Stress, and not having certain things in place in your everyday life, does affect your academic outcomes,” Hernandez-Goff said. “So I’m not really sure what to expect from the [test] results of this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Medical Services Go Unused\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The negative effects of anxiety on immigrants’ mental health extends past children. “It’s really traumatic. [We see] individuals who are going into forms of depression, individuals who now feel that they’re unwanted in the country they may have lived in for decades,” said Greg Garrett, chief of policy at \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedahealthconsortium.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alameda Health Consortium\u003c/a>, a private, nonprofit group of health centers. “And this is causing trauma, which is actually resulting in severe mental health issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the consortium has seen an increase in immigrants seeking mental health services, they’ve experienced a drop-off in other patients, including immigrants with chronic illnesses. In one instance, a cancer patient was in remission until she recently started showing signs of cancer again. But after two sessions, she stopped showing up for treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caseworkers eventually were able to make contact with her, and discovered she had a friend who was recently deported. Her fear of being similarly identified and detained if she continued using health services caused her to stop treatment for several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have individuals putting their own lives at risk because of this fear,” said Garrett.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Clanon, medical director of the Health Care Services Agency of Alameda County, said that though they’ve heard of immigrants hesitating to enroll or continue enrollment in health services, at their organization they've been able to leverage their existing relationships to prevent that from happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clanon said they're worried, though, about people who don’t have trusting relationships with doctors and are now not receiving any medical care. Measuring that absence is difficult, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Even Legal Residents Unenroll From Benefits\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"sc-dropcap\">I\u003c/span>n the first few months of the year, the San Francisco Human Services Agency began receiving an unusual number of calls. Suddenly, people were picking up the phone to unenroll from CalFresh benefits. Only legal residents are eligible for CalFresh. But even legal immigrants are feeling compelled to disconnect from government food assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft executive order leaked in January seeking to deport immigrants dependent on taxpayer help incited fear that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/03/28/deportation-fears-prompt-immigrants-to-cancel-food-stamps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal immigrants would be deported for using social services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has concerned our immigrant population in terms of feeling safe about applying for CalFresh, because they don’t want that to be the reason they might be deported,” said Denise Boland, director of employment and benefits services at the Santa Clara County Social Services Agency. “So even legal immigrants are concerned now about CalFresh and don’t feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandra Johnson, director of communications at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfhsa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Human Services Agency\u003c/a>, said they can’t know for sure why people decline services, but households with at least one noncitizen were particularly likely to unenroll. Many mixed-status families are especially prone to disengage from services due to fear of family members being deported, even if the person receiving benefits has legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the increase in mixed-status families unenrolling, and a slight decrease in applications from the same group, the San Francisco office has been reaching out to the community to ensure people know that policies have not changed, and anyone who was previously eligible for benefits still is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any time we think that families are turning away from nutrition benefits, or having to make some of those hard choices … in a city as expensive as San Francisco, in between housing or putting food on the table or [paying for] utilities or those sorts of things,” Johnson said, “it’s a concern to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11510519\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11510519\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-1020x681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/DSC2159-1024x684.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Food is passed out at a Second Harvest Food Bank distribution site. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Second Harvest Food Bank)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.shfb.org/\">Second Harvest Food Bank\u003c/a>, which both distributes food through several programs independent of the government and helps people enroll in CalFresh at some of their facilities, has seen increased hesitancy in immigrants wanting to take government benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One family, of five legal refugees from Nepal living in Sunnyvale, came to the food pantry because they couldn't make ends meet. The family was paying $2,080 in monthly rent, but only bringing in a monthly income of $2,000. Second Harvest secured a translator and helped them fill out a CalFresh application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were ready to hit submit in completing the application, and then they decided they just didn’t want to put … their ability to stay here in jeopardy. And so they decided not to apply for CalFresh after all, which was kind of heartbreaking,” said Anna Dyer, Second Harvest’s director of client services. “It’s really tough to qualify for [CalFresh], because it’s only the lowest-income folks, so it means that they’re really, really struggling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Now?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"sc-dropcap\">I\u003c/span>ndependent and government agencies alike are struggling with how to counteract the fear of deportation that’s causing immigrants to retreat back into the shadows. Nonprofit service providers and local government branches from social services to police departments are partnering with immigration lawyers to orchestrate Know Your Rights events and educate the immigrant community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond encouraging immigrants to continue engaging with the services they need, which, by and large, they are still entitled to under current policies, many service providers find themselves at a loss for how to inspire confidence. Uncertainty of what the future will bring is a major driving force in the collective anxiety felt by immigrants, and, to a lesser degree, by the service providers themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucy Barron lives in East Palo Alto and works in administration at Ravenswood Unified School District. Steep local housing prices have led her to live in a garage with her husband and five children. She and her family are especially conscious of being good neighbors so others in the area won’t have reason to seek their eviction by calling ICE, a threat she says many in her neighborhood grapple with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barron has legal status here, and volunteers with Ravenswood’s food services to help other immigrants, whether documented or not, get healthy food. Her husband, however, is undocumented, and is currently going through a court process with ICE with the potential of being deported. He is working with a lawyer to try to obtain legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be ready for anything,” said. She begins to tear up as she contemplates the possibility of providing for her family without her husband’s income, or, worse, returning to Mexico, which she said is impossible given the violence there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She felt conditions for immigrants were improving under the previous administration, but now, “It’s like a bomb that’s going to explode pretty soon,” she said. “It’s just like nerves that you feel all the time. ‘OK, are we going to be OK today?’ That’s what it is … Now it’s more like we’re waiting for the worst.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "jeff-sessions-testimony-in-cartoons",
"title": "Jeff Sessions' Testimony in Cartoons",
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"content": "\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/13/watch-live-jeff-sessions-testifies-before-senate-intelligence-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified \u003c/a>before the Senate Intelligence Committee on Tuesday. As part of the ongoing investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 presidential election, senators asked Sessions some tough questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senators probed into then-Senator Session’s two (and possibly three) undisclosed meetings with Russian officials and his relationship with fired FBI director James Comey, who \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/comey-testifies-about-trumps-cloud/\">testified last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a selection of cartoons I drew during the hearing, beginning with Sessions getting sworn in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508077\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-800x800.png\" alt=\"Sessions Under Oath by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, hard to miss was . . .\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508110\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions exhibited flashes of anger at certain points in the hearing and was steadfast in his denials. (And cartoonists everywhere gave thanks for his ears.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s own Senator Dianne Feinstein zeroed in on the DOJ letter that recommended President Trump fire Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508278\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-800x812.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-160x162.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-240x244.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-375x381.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-520x528.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Jeff Sessions said “I don’t recall” in numerous different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508281\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator Kamala Harris’ line and manner of questioning provided the most heated exchange of the hearing . . .\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-800x812.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-160x162.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-240x244.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-375x381.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-520x528.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . leading to a now-famous response from Sessions:\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Attorney General Jeff Sessions testified on Tuesday before the Senate Intelligence Committee. Mark Fiore live-cartooned the hearing.",
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"title": "Jeff Sessions' Testimony in Cartoons | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/13/watch-live-jeff-sessions-testifies-before-senate-intelligence-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified \u003c/a>before the Senate Intelligence Committee on Tuesday. As part of the ongoing investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 presidential election, senators asked Sessions some tough questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senators probed into then-Senator Session’s two (and possibly three) undisclosed meetings with Russian officials and his relationship with fired FBI director James Comey, who \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/08/comey-testifies-about-trumps-cloud/\">testified last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a selection of cartoons I drew during the hearing, beginning with Sessions getting sworn in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508077\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-800x800.png\" alt=\"Sessions Under Oath by Mark Fiore\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live01-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, hard to miss was . . .\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508110\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ElephantInRoom-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions exhibited flashes of anger at certain points in the hearing and was steadfast in his denials. (And cartoonists everywhere gave thanks for his ears.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live02-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s own Senator Dianne Feinstein zeroed in on the DOJ letter that recommended President Trump fire Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508278\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-800x812.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-160x162.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-240x244.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-375x381.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-520x528.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_feinstein01-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Jeff Sessions said “I don’t recall” in numerous different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508281\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live03-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator Kamala Harris’ line and manner of questioning provided the most heated exchange of the hearing . . .\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-800x812.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-160x162.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-240x244.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-375x381.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-520x528.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_kamala_revise01-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>. . . leading to a now-famous response from Sessions:\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11508407\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/sessions_live04-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
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