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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Increasing the earned income tax credit, expanding Medi-Cal to cover all the uninsured, making early education available to all 4-year-olds. Those are among the\u003ca href=\"https://a19.asmdc.org/sites/a19.asmdc.org/files/pdf/2018-budget-blueprint.pdf\"> budget priorities\u003c/a> released today by Assembly Budget Committee Chairman Phil Ting (D-San Francisco).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the state is on better financial footing now, but still has years of cuts to make up for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot ignore the fact that not all Californians have benefited from our state’s renewed prosperity,\" Ting says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His committee's budget proposal uses projections from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3718#Revenues\">Legislative Analyst's Office,\u003c/a> which assumes $7.5 billion in discretionary funds for the 2018-2019 fiscal year. Of that, Ting proposes putting $3.2 billion in a reserve fund and using $4.3 billion to pay down debts and fund various projects. He says many of the priorities listed in his plan could be phased in and out as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it's now written, Ting says, the federal tax bill being considered in Congress would not directly affect the state budget. But that could change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What the Republicans have said is, based on the increase in tax cuts, they are going to have to cut future spending down the road,\" Ting says. \"They've singled that they are going to start attacking Medicare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that happens, it could affect the state's bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ting says they are preparing for various scenarios based on what action the federal government might take. But he says right now it's too early to tell what might happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an early step in the budget process. The governor will release his own proposal in January. The Senate budget committee will release its version as well. All three sides must then negotiate and the Legislature must approve a final version by June 15.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:39 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making his \"closing argument\" for tax legislation expected to get a vote in Congress next week, President Trump announced that the changes would take effect early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to make our tax system work for you again,\" Trump said, with several families standing near him whose stories he told in his address. \"We're going to make our economy work for you again. And we are going to make the American dream, and that's the real dream, that will be the dream that you want for your children and your grandchildren once again. But we need your help to get Congress across that finish line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This came just after an announcement that House and Senate GOP lawmakers have agreed on a final tax package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details of the agreement are still being finalized but Republicans plan to permanently cut rates for businesses and drop taxes for individuals for eight years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bWhr0TaClmKWS2nVZREBaCw83f4ujMN0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiators have agreed to cut the tax rate for the highest earning individuals from 39.6 to 37 percent. That deep rate cut, paired with other tax breaks, could dramatically cut tax bills for wealthy earners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> They also appeared to be nearing an agreement to allow taxpayers to write off up to $10,000 in taxes paid to state and local governments, the aides said. The decision was made in part to appease Republicans in high-tax states like California, New Jersey and New York. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional Republicans also plan to abandon Trump's demands for a 20 percent top corporate rate to help pay for more generous breaks elsewhere in the bill. In a major shift, Trump told reporters on Wednesday that he was open to that plan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's at 35 right now. So if it got down to 21, I would certainly, I would be thrilled,\" Trump said. \"We haven't set that final figure yet, but certainly 21 is a very great difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump celebrated the deal Wednesday, promising the legislation would be enacted quickly once it is passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Congress sends me a bill before Christmas, the IRS — this is just out, this is breaking news — has just confirmed that Americans will see lower taxes and bigger paychecks beginning in February, just two short months from now,\" Trump said in a speech at the White House Wednesday\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan's office explained in an email that the IRS will adjust its withholding tables in February based on the legislation. At that point, for those likely to get a tax cut, employers would begin pulling less out of their paychecks for federal income taxes, also known as withholding. This means voters could start seeing the impact of the tax legislation on their pay stubs well before the congressional midterm elections next fall. Of course the withholding tables are just estimates, so voters' final tax burden for 2018 wouldn't be calculated until they file their taxes in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal was reached after a flurry of closed-door meetings between Republican negotiators that began last week and continued around the clock in recent days. The talks centered on resolving differences between the two largely similar tax bills that passed the House and the Senate over the past several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bxsa7of3KixUhlkaKTb2guCnNP7pTNFZ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the major issues were disagreements over write-offs for mortgage interest payments, state and local tax deductions and the size and scope of benefits for some small businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiators were leaning toward allowing homeowners to write off interest on mortgages valued at $750,000 or less, according to several GOP aides. That is an increase from the $500,000 limit in the House bill and lower than current law, which allows interest write-offs on mortgages up to $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tax breaks for small businesses were still a critical issue in the final hours of negotiation. Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis., told reporters he was working with negotiators on the conference committee to ensure the new tax system doesn't give corporations an unfair advantage over businesses that decide to file their taxes on the individual side of the tax code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said he was pleased with the direction of the talks, but he would not commit to voting for the tax bill until a final agreement is released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7EABxRJE3aV0Y71WfQDNIb0v3lyeeCQg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump in his remarks hinted that the child tax credit could also go up. \"You'll hear the numbers very soon but they're even larger than anticipated,\" the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Sen. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:39 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making his \"closing argument\" for tax legislation expected to get a vote in Congress next week, President Trump announced that the changes would take effect early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to make our tax system work for you again,\" Trump said, with several families standing near him whose stories he told in his address. \"We're going to make our economy work for you again. And we are going to make the American dream, and that's the real dream, that will be the dream that you want for your children and your grandchildren once again. But we need your help to get Congress across that finish line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This came just after an announcement that House and Senate GOP lawmakers have agreed on a final tax package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details of the agreement are still being finalized but Republicans plan to permanently cut rates for businesses and drop taxes for individuals for eight years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiators have agreed to cut the tax rate for the highest earning individuals from 39.6 to 37 percent. That deep rate cut, paired with other tax breaks, could dramatically cut tax bills for wealthy earners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> They also appeared to be nearing an agreement to allow taxpayers to write off up to $10,000 in taxes paid to state and local governments, the aides said. The decision was made in part to appease Republicans in high-tax states like California, New Jersey and New York. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional Republicans also plan to abandon Trump's demands for a 20 percent top corporate rate to help pay for more generous breaks elsewhere in the bill. In a major shift, Trump told reporters on Wednesday that he was open to that plan\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's at 35 right now. 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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, who presided over a dramatically changing city skyline, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorelee\">died early Tuesday morning\u003c/a> at the age of 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After then-mayor Gavin Newsom won the race to be California's lieutenant governor, he appointed Lee mayor in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initially reluctant Mayor Lee led San Francisco from the depths of the Great Recession in 2011 to the booming tech days of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:20 p.m. Monday: \u003c/strong>The longest Oakland strike in recent memory has been suspended and some 3,000 city employees are expected to return to work on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU Local 1021 has been on the picket line since Dec. 5 following months of failed negotiations for a new two-year contract. After the city declared an impasse last Friday, the union and city agreed to voluntary mediation, which began this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No deal was reached as of Monday night, but union negotiators emerged from closed-door meetings saying the city has changed its position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city did make some movement today,” said Rob Szykowny, the union’s chief negotiator. “They adopted a new tone, which we appreciate. In light of that we are going to send people back to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szykowny would not give any details on how the city might have shifted its position but instead said mediation will pick back up next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference, City Administrator Sabrina Landreth said the two sides had \"healthy dialogue\" and they were able to reach agreement on some critical working conditions within the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials for SEIU Local 1021 -- representing some 2,000 Oakland city workers -- say they’re \"cautiously optimistic\" that mediation talks with the city will result in an agreement. The workers' strike continues into its seventh day in what has been called one of the longest strikes in recent memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other disagreements, SEIU Local 1021 wants 4 percent pay raises in each year of the two-year contract. The city has agreed to a 4 percent pay raise in the first year, but only up to 2 percent the second year, depending on city revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials warn that wage increases could lead to service cuts and layoffs, while union members argue that many workers have long commutes and a poor quality of life due to Oakland's high living costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU Local 1021 represents employees ranging from 911 operators to library, senior center and Head Start staff. About 1,000 IFPTE Local 21 workers are also on strike. The workers have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/05/oakland-workers-strike-closing-offices-stopping-services/\">been on strike\u003c/a> since Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two sides had been bargaining since May and the union has been working without a contract since July 1. On Thursday the city released its latest public offer, which did not include the wage increases the union wants, before declaring an impasse on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union members feel that the city didn't bargain in good faith before declaring an impasse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are ultimatums. We’re still trying to bargain,” said Alice McCain, a public library employee and member of the bargaining team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, Local 1021 agreed to mediation with the city and the union was allowed to choose the mediator, David Weinberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Libby Schaaf said in a statement over the weekend, “We cannot spend money we do not have, particularly as we know our pension costs are escalating at least 49 percent over the next five years. Oaklanders deserve predictable city services now and into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union and city began mediation talks on Monday morning, while Local 1021 members were out chanting and picketing in front of City Hall and other city buildings. Union officials say the strike will last “until further notice.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:20 p.m. Monday: \u003c/strong>The longest Oakland strike in recent memory has been suspended and some 3,000 city employees are expected to return to work on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU Local 1021 has been on the picket line since Dec. 5 following months of failed negotiations for a new two-year contract. After the city declared an impasse last Friday, the union and city agreed to voluntary mediation, which began this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No deal was reached as of Monday night, but union negotiators emerged from closed-door meetings saying the city has changed its position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city did make some movement today,” said Rob Szykowny, the union’s chief negotiator. “They adopted a new tone, which we appreciate. In light of that we are going to send people back to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szykowny would not give any details on how the city might have shifted its position but instead said mediation will pick back up next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference, City Administrator Sabrina Landreth said the two sides had \"healthy dialogue\" and they were able to reach agreement on some critical working conditions within the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials for SEIU Local 1021 -- representing some 2,000 Oakland city workers -- say they’re \"cautiously optimistic\" that mediation talks with the city will result in an agreement. The workers' strike continues into its seventh day in what has been called one of the longest strikes in recent memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other disagreements, SEIU Local 1021 wants 4 percent pay raises in each year of the two-year contract. The city has agreed to a 4 percent pay raise in the first year, but only up to 2 percent the second year, depending on city revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials warn that wage increases could lead to service cuts and layoffs, while union members argue that many workers have long commutes and a poor quality of life due to Oakland's high living costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU Local 1021 represents employees ranging from 911 operators to library, senior center and Head Start staff. About 1,000 IFPTE Local 21 workers are also on strike. The workers have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/05/oakland-workers-strike-closing-offices-stopping-services/\">been on strike\u003c/a> since Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two sides had been bargaining since May and the union has been working without a contract since July 1. On Thursday the city released its latest public offer, which did not include the wage increases the union wants, before declaring an impasse on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union members feel that the city didn't bargain in good faith before declaring an impasse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are ultimatums. We’re still trying to bargain,” said Alice McCain, a public library employee and member of the bargaining team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, Local 1021 agreed to mediation with the city and the union was allowed to choose the mediator, David Weinberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Libby Schaaf said in a statement over the weekend, “We cannot spend money we do not have, particularly as we know our pension costs are escalating at least 49 percent over the next five years. Oaklanders deserve predictable city services now and into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union and city began mediation talks on Monday morning, while Local 1021 members were out chanting and picketing in front of City Hall and other city buildings. Union officials say the strike will last “until further notice.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The “new normal” of California’s fire season — year-round threats to homes all over the state — could alter the marketplace for fire insurance, according to California Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/09/thomas-fire-grows-slightly-overnight-now-at-15-percent-containment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major wildfires\u003c/a> have destroyed at least 800 structures in Southern California this week, just months after deadly fires in the northern part of the state led to a record \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/06/insurance-claims-for-northern-california-wildfires-reach-9b/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in insurance claims. Jones says insurers could respond by being more selective about where they issue policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible in the wake of these disasters that we’ll see some insurance companies, in some homes, begin to decide that they don’t want to write new policies,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any change in coverage won’t immediately affect victims of this year’s fires as state law gives them the right to renew their policy. But Jones said that insurers are increasingly relying on sophisticated risk models to pinpoint houses that are at risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”wu3aPg3jHQMXnYzDQmfpnCvzZwL4i7xb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if a homeowner has fortified their home with fire prevention methods, cleared brush, the insurer may still decide that because of the location of the home, the topography, the wind direction, its proximity to large forests, that the particular home is one they don’t want to write,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s destructive fires are less likely to cause an increase in insurance rates, according to Jones, because insurance companies have healthy reserves, and the state insurance commissioner can block proposed rate hikes. Additionally, any cost related to a major event like the North Bay fires is folded into a 20-year trend of catastrophes and then averaged out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, insurance companies are under less state scrutiny when it comes to deciding who gets insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until the Legislature passes a law requiring them to write insurance for everybody, they have the right under the California statutes to decide where they’re going to write and how much,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California does offer a last-resort fire insurance policy, called the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfpnet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California FAIR Plan\u003c/a>, but it is more expensive and covers less than most homeowners insurance.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The “new normal” of California’s fire season — year-round threats to homes all over the state — could alter the marketplace for fire insurance, according to California Insurance Commissioner Dave Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/09/thomas-fire-grows-slightly-overnight-now-at-15-percent-containment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major wildfires\u003c/a> have destroyed at least 800 structures in Southern California this week, just months after deadly fires in the northern part of the state led to a record \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/06/insurance-claims-for-northern-california-wildfires-reach-9b/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$9 billion\u003c/a> in insurance claims. Jones says insurers could respond by being more selective about where they issue policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible in the wake of these disasters that we’ll see some insurance companies, in some homes, begin to decide that they don’t want to write new policies,” Jones said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any change in coverage won’t immediately affect victims of this year’s fires as state law gives them the right to renew their policy. But Jones said that insurers are increasingly relying on sophisticated risk models to pinpoint houses that are at risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if a homeowner has fortified their home with fire prevention methods, cleared brush, the insurer may still decide that because of the location of the home, the topography, the wind direction, its proximity to large forests, that the particular home is one they don’t want to write,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Dan Rather on \u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003ci>What Unites Us: Reflections on Patriotism\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Author and veteran journalist Dan Rather talks about his new book, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Unites Us: Reflections on Patriotism\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. He also weighs in on sexual harassment in the workplace and why he thinks President Trump is a “fake news machine.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>GOP Tax Plans: What They Could Mean for California\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The House and Senate are racing to reconcile the differences between their tax plans. Both include a big tax cut for corporations that Republican leaders say will spur economic growth, but key differences remain to be ironed out on state and local tax deductions. The impact on California is uncertain for now, but economists say tech giants like Apple and Google could stand to gain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Chris Thornberg, Beacon Economics founding partner and UC Riverside Center for Economic Forecasting director\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>State Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon\u003c/b> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week, state Assemblyman Matt Dababneh was named in a formal complaint of sexual harassment by lobbyist Pamela Lopez, who described a harrowing experience of being locked in a bathroom with the lawmaker. We talk to Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon about what he thinks should be done to fight sexual harassment within the halls of state government. Rendon also weighs in on the governor’s race and his love of philosophy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thousands of city workers in Oakland went on strike Tuesday, shutting down street cleaning, library and other public services after union leaders and city officials couldn't agree on a new labor contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and fire services are not affected but city offices were closed and parking regulations will not be enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the rest of the Bay Area, the city of 400,000 people is seeing housing costs skyrocket, and employees say their salaries are not enough to keep up with rising costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city and union have agreed to a 4 percent salary increase in the first year but are stuck on increases for the second year. The city has offered a 2 percent increase if certain revenue conditions are met, but the union wants the city to commit to another 4 percent increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks broke down Monday after the city refused a union proposal to bring in an informal mediator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 3,000 workers in senior centers, libraries, City Hall and other city-run departments began their strike at 7 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Service Employees International Union Local 1021 have worked without a contract since June 30. Members of an engineers union also joined the walkout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Libby Schaaf said the city would file a labor complaint because the strike is unlawful. She said the two sides have not reached an impasse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaaf said she wants a fair contract that is fiscally prudent. While she deeply values city workers, she said, \"we cannot spend more than we can afford.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "When ‘Rosie the Riveters’ Discovered a Wartime California Dream",
"title": "When ‘Rosie the Riveters’ Discovered a Wartime California Dream",
"headTitle": "The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/samuel-redman-247435\">Samuel Redman\u003c/a> is assistant professor of history at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-massachusetts-amherst-1563\">University of Massachusetts, Amherst\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many American families, the Great Depression and Dust Bowl struck like swift punches to the gut. New Deal work relief programs like the \u003ca href=\"https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/works-progress-administration-wpa-1935/\">Works Progress Administration\u003c/a> tossed lifelines into the crushing economic waves, but many young people soon started looking farther west for more stable opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A powerful vision of the California dream took hold in the late 1930s and early 1940s, featuring steady work, nice housing, sometimes love – all bathed in abundant warm sunshine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most important were the jobs. They attracted people to the Pacific Coast’s new airplane factories and shipyards. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 led to an intensified war effort, and more Americans sought ways to demonstrate patriotism while also taking advantage of new employment opportunities. People from economically downtrodden regions began \u003ca href=\"http://vm154.lib.berkeley.edu:3002/searchinterview/display?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=&project=Rosie+The+Riveter+World+War+II+American+Home+Front\">flooding into California en masse\u003c/a> – where \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/learn/management/upload/3%20RORI_Chapter2Feb09.pdf\">nearly 10 percent of all federal government expenditures\u003c/a> during the war were spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"TwWwHLFbLPXxBiHXdZ9iBS82zh65Wdgl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following wartime opportunities west, “Rosie the Riveters” found more than just jobs, though, when they reached the Golden State. And at the war’s conclusion, each had to decide whether her own version of the California dream had been temporary or something more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Moving on to Another Life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Moving to find work looms large in the historical memory surrounding the Great Depression, and migration continued in the ensuing years. The Second World War led to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/learn/historyculture/index.htm\">largest mass migration within the United States\u003c/a> in the nation’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633682\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11633682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-160x244.jpg\" alt=\"Poster of Rosie the Riveter\" width=\"160\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-160x244.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-800x1222.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-960x1466.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-240x366.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-375x573.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-520x794.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters aimed to recruit women to jobs left vacant by drafted men during the war. \u003ccite>(Office of War Information, via \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Do_The_Job_He_Left_Behind%22_-_NARA_-_513683.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People in rural parts of the country learned about new jobs in different ways. Word of mouth was crucial, as people often chose to travel with a friend or relatives to new jobs in growing cities along the West Coast. \u003ca href=\"http://kaiserpermanentehistory.org/latest/the-permanente-richmond-field-hospital-proud-reminder-of-health-cares-role-in-world-war-ii/\">Henry Kaiser, whose production company\u003c/a> would open seven \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/World-War-II-created-industrial-cultural-2503378.php\">major shipyards during the war\u003c/a>, sent buses around the country recruiting people with the promise of good housing, health care and steady, well-paying work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Railroad companies, airplane manufacturers and dozens if not hundreds of smaller companies supporting major corporations like Boeing, Douglas and Kaiser all offered similar work opportunities. Eventually the federal government even \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/11/daycare-world-war-rosie-riveter/415650/\">helped out with child care\u003c/a>. Considered against the economic hardships of the Great Depression, the promises often sounded like sweet music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://vm154.lib.berkeley.edu:3002/searchinterview/display?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=&project=Rosie+The+Riveter+World+War+II+American+Home+Front\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front Oral History Project\u003c/a>, a collaboration of the National Park Service and the Regional Oral History Office of The Bancroft Library of UC Berkeley, collected hundreds of wartime memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txkMFGP6Xbk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an oral history I recorded in 2013 for the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front Oral History project, Oklahoman Doris Whitt remembered seeing an advertising poster for jobs, which sparked her interest in moving to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[T]he way I got in with Douglas Aircraft was I went to the post office, and I saw these posters all over the walls. They were asking people to serve in these different projects that were opening up because the war had started.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For a kid from the Great Plains, the notion of going to California to help build airplanes seemed like moving to another world. Whitt grew up on a farm without a telephone. Even catching a glimpse of an airplane in the sky was unusual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitt applied and was hired for training almost immediately. She became a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/index.htm\">Rosie the Riveter\u003c/a>”: one of the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.55\">estimated 7 million American women\u003c/a> who joined the labor force during the war. Even the pay Whitt began earning while training in Oklahoma City was more than she had ever made in her life to that point. When she transferred to the West Coast and arrived in Los Angeles, Whitt felt she was living the California dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Oh, it was great. I remember coming through Arizona and seeing all the palm trees, and those were the first I had ever seen. They were way up in the air, and all I could do was look…. Then we got down into Los Angeles, and I was just amazed at the difference…. I just thought, ‘Oh, boy, we’re in Glory Land.’”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-800x622.jpg\" alt=\"WWII woman workers assemble fuselage of Douglas airplane\" width=\"800\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-800x622.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-960x746.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-240x186.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-375x291.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-520x404.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install fixtures and assemblies to a B-17 tail fuselage at the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in Long Beach. \u003ccite>(Alfred T. Palmer, Office of War Information, via \u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B17F_-_Woman_workers_at_the_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_plant,_Long_Beach,_Calif.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Whitt began walking to work every day, to a job at an airplane factory disguised as a canning company. She helped assemble P-38 Lighting aircraft by riveting the fuselage together on the day shift. She later moved to Northern California, working as a welder at a shipyard. When I met her more than 70 years later, she still resided in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Did California Remain a Living Dream?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the wartime version of the California dream proved real for some people. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwiibayarea/intro.htm\">state boomed in the war years\u003c/a>. Wartime jobs in the defense industries paid well, profoundly so for those coming from rural poverty. African-Americans, especially those working in extremely poor conditions like sharecropping farmers in the South, \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/190696/the-warmth-of-other-suns-by-isabel-wilkerson/9780679763888/\">moved in large numbers\u003c/a> to better their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"Worker at Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank checks electrical assemblies.\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-800x616.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-960x739.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-240x185.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-375x289.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-520x400.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worker at Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank checks electrical assemblies. \u003ccite>(Office of War Information, via \u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_War_II_woman_aircraft_worker,_Vega_Aircraft_Corporation,_Burbank,_California_1942.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden State didn’t always deliver on the promise it offered to those who moved there during World War II, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many migrants found housing hard to find. Around shipyards, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=0E-GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=sleep+in+%22hot+beds%22+world+war+ii&source=bl&ots=b0zNg8ueEB&sig=5JcM2Zw2QZ23W-2ULzzbdEQEhlI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivhKWjqtDXAhWI5oMKHYFeBNgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=hot%20beds&f=false\">some people even shared “hot beds.”\u003c/a> Workers slept in shifts: When one roommate returned home, another would head in to work, leaving behind a still-warm bed. Unauthorized, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/54gmn3pt9780252020940.html\">“wildcat,” strikes\u003c/a> happened across California in spite of wartime rules intended to prevent such labor actions, suggestive of ongoing labor unrest bubbling over in a new wave of strikes happening after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many women moving to California stayed in relationships, some marriages came to an end as the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/593087\">divorce rate spiked\u003c/a>. Whitt and her husband separated not long after her move to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite wartime factories’ outstanding productivity with women working in traditionally male jobs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/do-you-want-your-wife-to-work-after-the-war\">women were mostly pushed out of their jobs\u003c/a> at war’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Rosies returned to their home states. But many others did stay in California, transitioning from wartime work in defense industries to other occupations. After all, the state still offered \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520084704\">more progressive social conditions\u003c/a> and a wider range of opportunities for women than could be found in many other parts of the country during the post-war era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris Whitt stayed in California and found a job at a meatpacking company, working there for 14 years. She moved to a small town near the ocean where she lived for decades. The California dream never completely disappeared for people like Whitt, but nothing is quite as magical as those few moments when one first discovers it. In her oral history, she remembered seeing San Francisco for the first time:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Oh, it was fantastic. Fantastic. I’d never seen anything like it in my life. It was just like going to a whole new country, you know? And the ocean… Oh it was just fantastic.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/79823/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">The California dream continued to evolve in the postwar era, with each passing generation and each new group of migrants making it into something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, a publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The wartime version of the California dream proved real for many. But the Golden State didn’t always deliver on the promise it offered to those who moved here during World War II.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/samuel-redman-247435\">Samuel Redman\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>University of Massachusetts, Amherst for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/samuel-redman-247435\">Samuel Redman\u003c/a> is assistant professor of history at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-massachusetts-amherst-1563\">University of Massachusetts, Amherst\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many American families, the Great Depression and Dust Bowl struck like swift punches to the gut. New Deal work relief programs like the \u003ca href=\"https://livingnewdeal.org/glossary/works-progress-administration-wpa-1935/\">Works Progress Administration\u003c/a> tossed lifelines into the crushing economic waves, but many young people soon started looking farther west for more stable opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A powerful vision of the California dream took hold in the late 1930s and early 1940s, featuring steady work, nice housing, sometimes love – all bathed in abundant warm sunshine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps most important were the jobs. They attracted people to the Pacific Coast’s new airplane factories and shipyards. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 led to an intensified war effort, and more Americans sought ways to demonstrate patriotism while also taking advantage of new employment opportunities. People from economically downtrodden regions began \u003ca href=\"http://vm154.lib.berkeley.edu:3002/searchinterview/display?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=&project=Rosie+The+Riveter+World+War+II+American+Home+Front\">flooding into California en masse\u003c/a> – where \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/learn/management/upload/3%20RORI_Chapter2Feb09.pdf\">nearly 10 percent of all federal government expenditures\u003c/a> during the war were spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following wartime opportunities west, “Rosie the Riveters” found more than just jobs, though, when they reached the Golden State. And at the war’s conclusion, each had to decide whether her own version of the California dream had been temporary or something more durable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Moving on to Another Life\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Moving to find work looms large in the historical memory surrounding the Great Depression, and migration continued in the ensuing years. The Second World War led to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/learn/historyculture/index.htm\">largest mass migration within the United States\u003c/a> in the nation’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633682\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11633682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-160x244.jpg\" alt=\"Poster of Rosie the Riveter\" width=\"160\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-160x244.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-800x1222.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-960x1466.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-240x366.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-375x573.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h-520x794.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/riveter-small-file-20171121-6044-u7n24h.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters aimed to recruit women to jobs left vacant by drafted men during the war. \u003ccite>(Office of War Information, via \u003ca href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Do_The_Job_He_Left_Behind%22_-_NARA_-_513683.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People in rural parts of the country learned about new jobs in different ways. Word of mouth was crucial, as people often chose to travel with a friend or relatives to new jobs in growing cities along the West Coast. \u003ca href=\"http://kaiserpermanentehistory.org/latest/the-permanente-richmond-field-hospital-proud-reminder-of-health-cares-role-in-world-war-ii/\">Henry Kaiser, whose production company\u003c/a> would open seven \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/World-War-II-created-industrial-cultural-2503378.php\">major shipyards during the war\u003c/a>, sent buses around the country recruiting people with the promise of good housing, health care and steady, well-paying work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Railroad companies, airplane manufacturers and dozens if not hundreds of smaller companies supporting major corporations like Boeing, Douglas and Kaiser all offered similar work opportunities. Eventually the federal government even \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/11/daycare-world-war-rosie-riveter/415650/\">helped out with child care\u003c/a>. Considered against the economic hardships of the Great Depression, the promises often sounded like sweet music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://vm154.lib.berkeley.edu:3002/searchinterview/display?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=&project=Rosie+The+Riveter+World+War+II+American+Home+Front\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front Oral History Project\u003c/a>, a collaboration of the National Park Service and the Regional Oral History Office of The Bancroft Library of UC Berkeley, collected hundreds of wartime memories.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/txkMFGP6Xbk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/txkMFGP6Xbk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>During an oral history I recorded in 2013 for the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front Oral History project, Oklahoman Doris Whitt remembered seeing an advertising poster for jobs, which sparked her interest in moving to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[T]he way I got in with Douglas Aircraft was I went to the post office, and I saw these posters all over the walls. They were asking people to serve in these different projects that were opening up because the war had started.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For a kid from the Great Plains, the notion of going to California to help build airplanes seemed like moving to another world. Whitt grew up on a farm without a telephone. Even catching a glimpse of an airplane in the sky was unusual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitt applied and was hired for training almost immediately. She became a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/rori/index.htm\">Rosie the Riveter\u003c/a>”: one of the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.55\">estimated 7 million American women\u003c/a> who joined the labor force during the war. Even the pay Whitt began earning while training in Oklahoma City was more than she had ever made in her life to that point. When she transferred to the West Coast and arrived in Los Angeles, Whitt felt she was living the California dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Oh, it was great. I remember coming through Arizona and seeing all the palm trees, and those were the first I had ever seen. They were way up in the air, and all I could do was look…. Then we got down into Los Angeles, and I was just amazed at the difference…. I just thought, ‘Oh, boy, we’re in Glory Land.’”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-800x622.jpg\" alt=\"WWII woman workers assemble fuselage of Douglas airplane\" width=\"800\" height=\"622\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-800x622.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-160x124.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-960x746.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-240x186.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-375x291.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48-520x404.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-dream2-file-20171121-6039-ka6e48.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install fixtures and assemblies to a B-17 tail fuselage at the Douglas Aircraft Company plant in Long Beach. \u003ccite>(Alfred T. Palmer, Office of War Information, via \u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:B17F_-_Woman_workers_at_the_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_plant,_Long_Beach,_Calif.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Whitt began walking to work every day, to a job at an airplane factory disguised as a canning company. She helped assemble P-38 Lighting aircraft by riveting the fuselage together on the day shift. She later moved to Northern California, working as a welder at a shipyard. When I met her more than 70 years later, she still resided in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Did California Remain a Living Dream?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the wartime version of the California dream proved real for some people. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwiibayarea/intro.htm\">state boomed in the war years\u003c/a>. Wartime jobs in the defense industries paid well, profoundly so for those coming from rural poverty. African-Americans, especially those working in extremely poor conditions like sharecropping farmers in the South, \u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/190696/the-warmth-of-other-suns-by-isabel-wilkerson/9780679763888/\">moved in large numbers\u003c/a> to better their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"Worker at Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank checks electrical assemblies.\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-800x616.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-960x739.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-240x185.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-375x289.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn-520x400.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/cali-riveters3-file-20171121-6044-1ff2dwn.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worker at Vega Aircraft Corporation in Burbank checks electrical assemblies. \u003ccite>(Office of War Information, via \u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_War_II_woman_aircraft_worker,_Vega_Aircraft_Corporation,_Burbank,_California_1942.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden State didn’t always deliver on the promise it offered to those who moved there during World War II, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many migrants found housing hard to find. Around shipyards, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=0E-GDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=sleep+in+%22hot+beds%22+world+war+ii&source=bl&ots=b0zNg8ueEB&sig=5JcM2Zw2QZ23W-2ULzzbdEQEhlI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivhKWjqtDXAhWI5oMKHYFeBNgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=hot%20beds&f=false\">some people even shared “hot beds.”\u003c/a> Workers slept in shifts: When one roommate returned home, another would head in to work, leaving behind a still-warm bed. Unauthorized, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/54gmn3pt9780252020940.html\">“wildcat,” strikes\u003c/a> happened across California in spite of wartime rules intended to prevent such labor actions, suggestive of ongoing labor unrest bubbling over in a new wave of strikes happening after the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many women moving to California stayed in relationships, some marriages came to an end as the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1086/593087\">divorce rate spiked\u003c/a>. Whitt and her husband separated not long after her move to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite wartime factories’ outstanding productivity with women working in traditionally male jobs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/pamphlets/do-you-want-your-wife-to-work-after-the-war\">women were mostly pushed out of their jobs\u003c/a> at war’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Rosies returned to their home states. But many others did stay in California, transitioning from wartime work in defense industries to other occupations. After all, the state still offered \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520084704\">more progressive social conditions\u003c/a> and a wider range of opportunities for women than could be found in many other parts of the country during the post-war era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris Whitt stayed in California and found a job at a meatpacking company, working there for 14 years. She moved to a small town near the ocean where she lived for decades. The California dream never completely disappeared for people like Whitt, but nothing is quite as magical as those few moments when one first discovers it. In her oral history, she remembered seeing San Francisco for the first time:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Oh, it was fantastic. Fantastic. I’d never seen anything like it in my life. It was just like going to a whole new country, you know? And the ocean… Oh it was just fantastic.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/79823/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">The California dream continued to evolve in the postwar era, with each passing generation and each new group of migrants making it into something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, a publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Claudia Hernandez grew up with little money, living in a cramped room with her immigrant family of six. Now a college graduate and U.S. citizen, she works at one of the most influential tech companies in the world and feels more financially stable than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez, who grew up in San Jose, says it took a lot of effort to finish college and advance her career. But her success was also possible because of financial aid she received from organizations such as the Hispanic Scholarship Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a product of all that help from those organizations,\" said 26-year-old Hernandez, a project manager at Facebook. \"That's why I want to give back now because I know that so many people need it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years ago, Hernandez joined more than a dozen Latina professionals in San Francisco with a similar motivation: to give back to their community. Each donor contributes over $1,000 a year to a giving circle, a form of charitable giving that has grown significantly nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group was organized by the Latino Community Foundation, which seeks to increase investments in Latino-led nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/11/RomeroLatinaDonors.mp3\" title=\"Bay Area Latinas Grow a Culture of Philanthropy\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28207_IMG_0940-qut.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with other types of philanthropy, the giving circle is a more democratic, fun and direct type of giving for people who \"don't make millions of dollars but can contribute something meaningful for them,\" said Ana Díaz Hernandez, 28, who grew up in rural Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The term philanthropist is really loaded and a lot of people associate it with really high amounts of wealth,\" Díaz Hernandez said. \"What makes this model more compelling is that it feels much closer to the ground, and the organizations we support here are often deemed as too small by other donors and foundations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group's collective donations go to local Latino-led nonprofits supporting girls and women of color, a focus that the giving circle members decided. They meet once a year to listen to funding pitches directly from nonprofits, and vote how much to invest in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11633916 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jillian Picaso (center of photo) urges donors to support the Chicana/Latina Foundation Leadership Institute, as Olga Talamante and Stephanie Segovia (standing far left) look on in San Francisco on Sept. 14, 2017. \"It changed my life,\" said Picaso, an alumna of the institute. \"It’s incredible to feel power from a group of women that look just like you.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a recent meeting, the donors -- bankers, teachers, researchers and other working women -- sat attentively around a long wooden table, with red wine and food at hand. Anayvette Martinez, a full-time community organizer, told them she started her scouting organization as a \"passion project\" because of her daughter, Lupita.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She has been attending marches before she could walk, and so I started to think, 'What if there existed a scouting troop that centered girls of color and their identity?'\" said Martinez, who co-founded Radical Monarchs, where girls earn badges based on social justice issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The badges have names like Radical Entrepreneurship, where girls learn how to start a business, and Radical Bodies, where they take a self-defense class. That was Lupita's favorite. The sixth-grader stood next to her mother wearing a brown beret, answering questions from donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The self-defense class was really fun,\" she said, to nods and smiles from the giving circle members. \"We also learned about consent, and we had some folks come in and talk about disability justice, what it means and how you can support it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez has been running the organization for two years as an unpaid volunteer. There's a lot of interest from more parents and girls, she said, but the group needs money to continue and expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11633930 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janeth Medina, an analyst for Bank of the West, says her upbringing inspired her to join the giving circle three years ago. \"I would have never thought I'd be a professional in corporate moving up those ranks as an undocumented woman of color,\" said Medina, 26, whose parents were farmworkers in Bakersfield. \"But somebody believed in me.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While many small nonprofits struggle with a lack of resources, organizations serving a predominantly Latino population receive only a tiny portion of the billions of dollars that foundations grant each year in the U.S., according to various reports that track philanthropic giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foundations are not required to report grants by the ethnicity of beneficiaries, so the exact proportion of philanthropic dollars going to organizations serving Latinos is hard to nail down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, an analysis of 1,000 foundations by the research nonprofit Foundation Center estimates that out of $24 billion in U.S.-based grants, only 1.2 percent was identified as serving Latinos in 2014. Reports by the \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/FundingtheNewMajority.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greenlining Institute,\u003c/a> a public policy advocacy group, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.d5coalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/D5-SOTW-2016-Final-web-pages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D5 Coalition\u003c/a>, which seeks to increase diversity in philanthropy, found between 1 and 2 percent of foundation dollars go specifically toward helping Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a gap Leticia Dorado, a middle school social studies teacher, is trying to help fill with her own funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really empowering when you see a small organization that might not have the capital to do everything they want, but what we are able to give them goes such a long way for them,\" Dorado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She traces giving to her roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My \u003cem>abuelita\u003c/em> was a giver. My grandma would feed everyone in the neighborhood,\" said Dorado, who lives in San Francisco. \"Our families are always giving and not limited even when we are very limited on resources at times, from income, from housing, from food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11633929 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elisa Arévalo (right) and other members of the giving circle listen to funding pitches in San Francisco on Sept. 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant communities have a rich culture of giving, but they might not call it \"philanthropy,\" said Masha Chernyak, with the Latino Community Foundation. Among Latinos, \"there is an education component that needs to happen to say you can give to your local nonprofit. This is how it functions. This is how you can help,\" Chernyak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chernyak helped set up the Latina giving circle in San Francisco in 2012. Since then, over 440 men and women have joined giving circles with the Latino Community Foundation in Modesto, Fresno, Los Angeles and other parts of the state, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who are we to ask others to invest in our community if we are not going to invest ourselves?\" Chernyak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, the number of giving circles and other forms of collective giving nearly tripled in the last decade, with grants totaling up to $1.3 billion, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://johnsoncenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Giving-Circles-Research-Executive-Summary-WEB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> financed in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The study found most of those donations -- produced by a majority of women -- remain largely local and engage more diverse grant makers than when compared to foundation leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 92 percent of presidents and CEOs at over 960 foundations are white, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.d5coalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/D5-SOTW-2016-Final-web-pages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the D5 Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the giving circle meeting in San Francisco, Chernyak wrote on a white board how much money the women voted to give four Bay Area nonprofits that pitched them for funds. After their votes were finalized, the women cheered and clapped. Radical Monarchs received a grant of $10,000. The other three groups split $36,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claudia Hernandez, the young tech professional, said she came out of the meeting feeling inspired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I definitely would say I'm a philanthropist now,\" Hernandez said. \"I've been able to gain so much amazing knowledge about how to invest my money in issues that I really care about.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Professionals pool their resources in giving circles, a form of charitable giving that has grown significantly nationwide. They seek to help fill gap in philanthropic giving by supporting Latina-led nonprofits.",
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"description": "Professionals pool their resources in giving circles, a form of charitable giving that has grown significantly nationwide. They seek to help fill gap in philanthropic giving by supporting Latina-led nonprofits.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Claudia Hernandez grew up with little money, living in a cramped room with her immigrant family of six. Now a college graduate and U.S. citizen, she works at one of the most influential tech companies in the world and feels more financially stable than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez, who grew up in San Jose, says it took a lot of effort to finish college and advance her career. But her success was also possible because of financial aid she received from organizations such as the Hispanic Scholarship Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm a product of all that help from those organizations,\" said 26-year-old Hernandez, a project manager at Facebook. \"That's why I want to give back now because I know that so many people need it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three years ago, Hernandez joined more than a dozen Latina professionals in San Francisco with a similar motivation: to give back to their community. Each donor contributes over $1,000 a year to a giving circle, a form of charitable giving that has grown significantly nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group was organized by the Latino Community Foundation, which seeks to increase investments in Latino-led nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared with other types of philanthropy, the giving circle is a more democratic, fun and direct type of giving for people who \"don't make millions of dollars but can contribute something meaningful for them,\" said Ana Díaz Hernandez, 28, who grew up in rural Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The term philanthropist is really loaded and a lot of people associate it with really high amounts of wealth,\" Díaz Hernandez said. \"What makes this model more compelling is that it feels much closer to the ground, and the organizations we support here are often deemed as too small by other donors and foundations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group's collective donations go to local Latino-led nonprofits supporting girls and women of color, a focus that the giving circle members decided. They meet once a year to listen to funding pitches directly from nonprofits, and vote how much to invest in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11633916 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28212_IMG_0922-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jillian Picaso (center of photo) urges donors to support the Chicana/Latina Foundation Leadership Institute, as Olga Talamante and Stephanie Segovia (standing far left) look on in San Francisco on Sept. 14, 2017. \"It changed my life,\" said Picaso, an alumna of the institute. \"It’s incredible to feel power from a group of women that look just like you.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a recent meeting, the donors -- bankers, teachers, researchers and other working women -- sat attentively around a long wooden table, with red wine and food at hand. Anayvette Martinez, a full-time community organizer, told them she started her scouting organization as a \"passion project\" because of her daughter, Lupita.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She has been attending marches before she could walk, and so I started to think, 'What if there existed a scouting troop that centered girls of color and their identity?'\" said Martinez, who co-founded Radical Monarchs, where girls earn badges based on social justice issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The badges have names like Radical Entrepreneurship, where girls learn how to start a business, and Radical Bodies, where they take a self-defense class. That was Lupita's favorite. The sixth-grader stood next to her mother wearing a brown beret, answering questions from donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The self-defense class was really fun,\" she said, to nods and smiles from the giving circle members. \"We also learned about consent, and we had some folks come in and talk about disability justice, what it means and how you can support it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez has been running the organization for two years as an unpaid volunteer. There's a lot of interest from more parents and girls, she said, but the group needs money to continue and expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633930\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11633930 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28210_IMG_0932-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janeth Medina, an analyst for Bank of the West, says her upbringing inspired her to join the giving circle three years ago. \"I would have never thought I'd be a professional in corporate moving up those ranks as an undocumented woman of color,\" said Medina, 26, whose parents were farmworkers in Bakersfield. \"But somebody believed in me.\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While many small nonprofits struggle with a lack of resources, organizations serving a predominantly Latino population receive only a tiny portion of the billions of dollars that foundations grant each year in the U.S., according to various reports that track philanthropic giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foundations are not required to report grants by the ethnicity of beneficiaries, so the exact proportion of philanthropic dollars going to organizations serving Latinos is hard to nail down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, an analysis of 1,000 foundations by the research nonprofit Foundation Center estimates that out of $24 billion in U.S.-based grants, only 1.2 percent was identified as serving Latinos in 2014. Reports by the \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/FundingtheNewMajority.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Greenlining Institute,\u003c/a> a public policy advocacy group, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.d5coalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/D5-SOTW-2016-Final-web-pages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">D5 Coalition\u003c/a>, which seeks to increase diversity in philanthropy, found between 1 and 2 percent of foundation dollars go specifically toward helping Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a gap Leticia Dorado, a middle school social studies teacher, is trying to help fill with her own funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really empowering when you see a small organization that might not have the capital to do everything they want, but what we are able to give them goes such a long way for them,\" Dorado said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She traces giving to her roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My \u003cem>abuelita\u003c/em> was a giver. My grandma would feed everyone in the neighborhood,\" said Dorado, who lives in San Francisco. \"Our families are always giving and not limited even when we are very limited on resources at times, from income, from housing, from food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633929\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11633929 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS28211_IMG_0913-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elisa Arévalo (right) and other members of the giving circle listen to funding pitches in San Francisco on Sept. 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many immigrant communities have a rich culture of giving, but they might not call it \"philanthropy,\" said Masha Chernyak, with the Latino Community Foundation. Among Latinos, \"there is an education component that needs to happen to say you can give to your local nonprofit. This is how it functions. This is how you can help,\" Chernyak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chernyak helped set up the Latina giving circle in San Francisco in 2012. Since then, over 440 men and women have joined giving circles with the Latino Community Foundation in Modesto, Fresno, Los Angeles and other parts of the state, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who are we to ask others to invest in our community if we are not going to invest ourselves?\" Chernyak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, the number of giving circles and other forms of collective giving nearly tripled in the last decade, with grants totaling up to $1.3 billion, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://johnsoncenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Giving-Circles-Research-Executive-Summary-WEB.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> financed in part by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The study found most of those donations -- produced by a majority of women -- remain largely local and engage more diverse grant makers than when compared to foundation leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 92 percent of presidents and CEOs at over 960 foundations are white, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.d5coalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/D5-SOTW-2016-Final-web-pages.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the D5 Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the giving circle meeting in San Francisco, Chernyak wrote on a white board how much money the women voted to give four Bay Area nonprofits that pitched them for funds. After their votes were finalized, the women cheered and clapped. Radical Monarchs received a grant of $10,000. The other three groups split $36,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claudia Hernandez, the young tech professional, said she came out of the meeting feeling inspired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I definitely would say I'm a philanthropist now,\" Hernandez said. \"I've been able to gain so much amazing knowledge about how to invest my money in issues that I really care about.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What New Jobs? California Program to Entice Hiring Falls Short",
"title": "What New Jobs? California Program to Entice Hiring Falls Short",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched his signature program to boost California jobs by awarding tax credits to the businesses that create them, businesses have left two-thirds of those available credits unclaimed—a sign that most expected jobs have yet to materialize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can the state say for sure how many of the administration’s 83,414 projected jobs over five years have actually been created. State offices responsible for awarding and monitoring the California Competes tax credits say they aren’t keeping count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an independent analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">warns\u003c/a> that some of the governor’s incentives that have been put to use may inadvertently be picking winners and losers within California. The state has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as hair stylists, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration spokesman Sid Voorakkara said the governor stands by California Competes, calling the program a “vital tool to support businesses.” Asked why more companies aren’t taking advantage of the tax credit, Voorakkara said it may be too early to tell because businesses have five years to meet their hiring targets, and there may be tax advantages for waiting to claim the credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One economic development expert, however, said he doesn’t expect the claim rate to improve any time soon, given that businesses have been doing brisk hiring these past few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t expect the early results that we’ve seen are just a matter of the program not being a full implementation,” said Micah Weinberg, president of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, a think tank focused on economic issues facing Silicon Valley. “I think the results that we’ve seen are the nature of the results we should expect from that program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633725\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-520x359.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two-thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Competes program was launched in 2014 to help California businesses stay in the state and grow by offering variable amounts of tax credit, based on the number of full-time jobs they create and how much a company seeks. Credits vary but typically amount to several thousand dollars per new job. So far, the Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) has awarded $622.8 million to 865 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GO-Biz touts the program as projected to create 83,414 jobs the next several years but the Franchise Tax Board, the state entity responsible for reviewing awards, isn’t tracking the number of new jobs. Tax board spokesman Jacob Roper said publishing a job-creation tally at this stage “wouldn’t necessarily capture all the successful milestones of the program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perhaps it would benefit everyone if we had some aggregation so we can evaluate how effective the program is,” said Assemblyman Jay Obernolte, R-Big Bear Lake, vice chair of the Assembly Budget Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jobs program was authorized with bipartisan support in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18137&l=ri\">2013\u003c/a> as part of an overhaul of the state’s economic development strategy. California eliminated a three-decade-old enterprise zone program after finding it simply shifted jobs from one part of the state to another without creating a net increase in jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state replaced it with three economic programs, including California Competes, to improve the state’s business climate, which despite robust growth was recently ranked 28th in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/11/americas-top-states-for-business-2017-overall-ranking.html\">CNBC\u003c/a> state-by-state scorecard. In addition to California Competes, the Legislature authorized a sales tax exemption on manufacturing and research and development equipment, and hiring credits for businesses in areas with high unemployment and poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-960x658.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-240x165.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-375x257.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market. \u003ccite>(PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, a lot of California businesses appear to be having a hard time using Brown’s economic development program. Of the $50 million that was available to be used in 2014 and 2015, the tax board reported 377 companies claimed just \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/businesses/Economic_Development_Incentives/CCCReportMarch2017.pdf\">$15.7 million\u003c/a>—less than a third of the credit eligible to be claimed for those years. The amount is low compared to the total handed out because the program was just being launched and the credits are spread out over several years. Information wasn’t yet available for the 2016 tax year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature’s nonpartisan fiscal analyst finds that low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the terms of the tax credit agreements, we anticipated somewhat larger amounts,” wrote the Legislative Analyst’s Office in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">review\u003c/a>. Either businesses haven’t hit their hiring targets or they are deliberately carrying the credit forward to claim on taxes later. The law allows businesses to carry the remaining amount forward for five tax years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some business owners say the credit isn’t big enough and should have asked for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Pentecost, owner of Sac Surface Pro, a tile cleaning service in the Sacramento area, applied for the credit and was awarded $30,000 back in April 2015. The award was handed out on the condition that he add three full-time workers within the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His tax credit works out to $6,000 a year, which he says isn’t enough of an incentive to hire; small businesses often struggle to pay salary, workers comp and employment taxes that can add up to more than $75,000 per worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest with you, I haven’t been able to take advantage of it at this point,” Pentecost said. “All it is at this point is a little more of a negative for me because I spent a lot of time setting this up and now that I actually signed up for it, I have to submit paperwork every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he hopes to use at least some of the credit before it runs out. He recently hired two employees and is in the process of training them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some large companies say they have quickly met or exceeded their hiring targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/\">Amazon\u003c/a>, the online retailing giant, was awarded nearly $1.6 million in tax credits for adding 1,550 jobs at warehouse and distribution centers in Moreno Valley, Tracy, Newark and San Bernardino. An Amazon spokesman said it has hired more workers than promised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.northropgrumman.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Northrop Grumman\u003c/a>, the state’s largest aerospace employer, can claim $10 million for adding 1,359 jobs in Southern California. Northrop spokesman Tim Paynter said the aircraft manufacturer also expects to use all its credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite hiring and growing, companies such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> may not have had a chance to claim its $15 million credit because the premium electric car maker has reported only a few quarters of profitability. The program is structured so that the credits are used to offset taxes owed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eWGjAAAx8sz8sqRDd9usHzgkGjOLnzNh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 21 businesses, including IBM, Honeywell and Novartis Pharmaceutical, have decided not to use their credits. Voorakkara, a spokesman for GO-Biz, said companies can end their agreements if the company isn’t growing fast enough, gets sold, goes out of business or changes its business plan. The state can choose to award those unused credits to other employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that when businesses contemplate creating new hiring positions, they take into account many factors, including access to market, workforce, transportation and even the quality of schools. People shouldn’t expect too much from tax incentives, said Weinberg of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Competes tax incentive is a fine arrow to have in our quiver, but we also need to be very realistic about the extent to which incentives are a big part of siting decisions,” Weinberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative analyst says the governor’s economic development program could do a better job of increasing economic activity in the state by limiting the tax credits to employers that export goods and services outside California. That would help avoid the risk that the state is picking winners at the expense of their local competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obernolte, the Republican lawmaker, said he would support such a change when California Competes comes up for reauthorization. The program was authorized for 10 years and will expire in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brown administration says it’s open to suggestions but wants to make sure small businesses retain access to tax credits. GO-Biz has conducted more than 200 in-person and online workshops since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rU6oBnCtyLSw7VCUsoIBDZPKnFfjwW4L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that the needs of regional economies vary, the program is accessible to small businesses that address local needs and also to businesses that operate at the national and international level,” Voorakkara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, even the few California small businesses that bothered to go through the application and annual reporting process haven’t necessarily used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niko Pikios, owner of Midtown Autoworks in Sacramento, said he hasn’t claimed any of the $45,000 tax credit approved back in January 2015 simply because he hasn’t found the right mechanic for his shop, which specializes in Porsches and Mercedes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re having a hard time finding somebody with the skill set that we need,” Pikios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters is a nonpartisan, nonprofit media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Four years after Gov. Brown launched a program to boost jobs by awarding tax credits to businesses that create them, businesses have left two-thirds of available credits unclaimed.",
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"title": "What New Jobs? California Program to Entice Hiring Falls Short | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched his signature program to boost California jobs by awarding tax credits to the businesses that create them, businesses have left two-thirds of those available credits unclaimed—a sign that most expected jobs have yet to materialize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can the state say for sure how many of the administration’s 83,414 projected jobs over five years have actually been created. State offices responsible for awarding and monitoring the California Competes tax credits say they aren’t keeping count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And an independent analyst \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">warns\u003c/a> that some of the governor’s incentives that have been put to use may inadvertently be picking winners and losers within California. The state has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as hair stylists, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration spokesman Sid Voorakkara said the governor stands by California Competes, calling the program a “vital tool to support businesses.” Asked why more companies aren’t taking advantage of the tax credit, Voorakkara said it may be too early to tell because businesses have five years to meet their hiring targets, and there may be tax advantages for waiting to claim the credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One economic development expert, however, said he doesn’t expect the claim rate to improve any time soon, given that businesses have been doing brisk hiring these past few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t expect the early results that we’ve seen are just a matter of the program not being a full implementation,” said Micah Weinberg, president of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute, a think tank focused on economic issues facing Silicon Valley. “I think the results that we’ve seen are the nature of the results we should expect from that program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633725\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-800x552.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-960x663.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-240x166.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-375x259.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/JerryBrown-520x359.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four years after Gov. Jerry Brown launched California Competes, businesses have left two-thirds of the available tax credits unclaimed. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The California Competes program was launched in 2014 to help California businesses stay in the state and grow by offering variable amounts of tax credit, based on the number of full-time jobs they create and how much a company seeks. Credits vary but typically amount to several thousand dollars per new job. So far, the Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development (GO-Biz) has awarded $622.8 million to 865 companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GO-Biz touts the program as projected to create 83,414 jobs the next several years but the Franchise Tax Board, the state entity responsible for reviewing awards, isn’t tracking the number of new jobs. Tax board spokesman Jacob Roper said publishing a job-creation tally at this stage “wouldn’t necessarily capture all the successful milestones of the program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Perhaps it would benefit everyone if we had some aggregation so we can evaluate how effective the program is,” said Assemblyman Jay Obernolte, R-Big Bear Lake, vice chair of the Assembly Budget Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jobs program was authorized with bipartisan support in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18137&l=ri\">2013\u003c/a> as part of an overhaul of the state’s economic development strategy. California eliminated a three-decade-old enterprise zone program after finding it simply shifted jobs from one part of the state to another without creating a net increase in jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state replaced it with three economic programs, including California Competes, to improve the state’s business climate, which despite robust growth was recently ranked 28th in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/11/americas-top-states-for-business-2017-overall-ranking.html\">CNBC\u003c/a> state-by-state scorecard. In addition to California Competes, the Legislature authorized a sales tax exemption on manufacturing and research and development equipment, and hiring credits for businesses in areas with high unemployment and poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg\" alt=\"California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market.\" width=\"800\" height=\"548\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-800x548.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1020x699.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-1180x809.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-960x658.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-240x165.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-375x257.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Barber-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California has awarded about 15 percent of the tax credits to service professionals such as barbers, plumbers, insurance agents and doctors, giving them an advantage over their competitors in the same market. \u003ccite>(PAUL J. RICHARDS/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So far, a lot of California businesses appear to be having a hard time using Brown’s economic development program. Of the $50 million that was available to be used in 2014 and 2015, the tax board reported 377 companies claimed just \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/businesses/Economic_Development_Incentives/CCCReportMarch2017.pdf\">$15.7 million\u003c/a>—less than a third of the credit eligible to be claimed for those years. The amount is low compared to the total handed out because the program was just being launched and the credits are spread out over several years. Information wasn’t yet available for the 2016 tax year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature’s nonpartisan fiscal analyst finds that low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Based on the terms of the tax credit agreements, we anticipated somewhat larger amounts,” wrote the Legislative Analyst’s Office in a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3709#Recommendation_and_Options\">review\u003c/a>. Either businesses haven’t hit their hiring targets or they are deliberately carrying the credit forward to claim on taxes later. The law allows businesses to carry the remaining amount forward for five tax years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some business owners say the credit isn’t big enough and should have asked for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Pentecost, owner of Sac Surface Pro, a tile cleaning service in the Sacramento area, applied for the credit and was awarded $30,000 back in April 2015. The award was handed out on the condition that he add three full-time workers within the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His tax credit works out to $6,000 a year, which he says isn’t enough of an incentive to hire; small businesses often struggle to pay salary, workers comp and employment taxes that can add up to more than $75,000 per worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest with you, I haven’t been able to take advantage of it at this point,” Pentecost said. “All it is at this point is a little more of a negative for me because I spent a lot of time setting this up and now that I actually signed up for it, I have to submit paperwork every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he hopes to use at least some of the credit before it runs out. He recently hired two employees and is in the process of training them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some large companies say they have quickly met or exceeded their hiring targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/AmazonTracy-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pack orders at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/\">Amazon\u003c/a>, the online retailing giant, was awarded nearly $1.6 million in tax credits for adding 1,550 jobs at warehouse and distribution centers in Moreno Valley, Tracy, Newark and San Bernardino. An Amazon spokesman said it has hired more workers than promised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.northropgrumman.com/Pages/default.aspx\">Northrop Grumman\u003c/a>, the state’s largest aerospace employer, can claim $10 million for adding 1,359 jobs in Southern California. Northrop spokesman Tim Paynter said the aircraft manufacturer also expects to use all its credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite hiring and growing, companies such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/\">Tesla\u003c/a> may not have had a chance to claim its $15 million credit because the premium electric car maker has reported only a few quarters of profitability. The program is structured so that the credits are used to offset taxes owed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 21 businesses, including IBM, Honeywell and Novartis Pharmaceutical, have decided not to use their credits. Voorakkara, a spokesman for GO-Biz, said companies can end their agreements if the company isn’t growing fast enough, gets sold, goes out of business or changes its business plan. The state can choose to award those unused credits to other employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that when businesses contemplate creating new hiring positions, they take into account many factors, including access to market, workforce, transportation and even the quality of schools. People shouldn’t expect too much from tax incentives, said Weinberg of the Bay Area Council Economic Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Competes tax incentive is a fine arrow to have in our quiver, but we also need to be very realistic about the extent to which incentives are a big part of siting decisions,” Weinberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative analyst says the governor’s economic development program could do a better job of increasing economic activity in the state by limiting the tax credits to employers that export goods and services outside California. That would help avoid the risk that the state is picking winners at the expense of their local competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obernolte, the Republican lawmaker, said he would support such a change when California Competes comes up for reauthorization. The program was authorized for 10 years and will expire in 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Brown administration says it’s open to suggestions but wants to make sure small businesses retain access to tax credits. GO-Biz has conducted more than 200 in-person and online workshops since 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that the needs of regional economies vary, the program is accessible to small businesses that address local needs and also to businesses that operate at the national and international level,” Voorakkara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, even the few California small businesses that bothered to go through the application and annual reporting process haven’t necessarily used it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niko Pikios, owner of Midtown Autoworks in Sacramento, said he hasn’t claimed any of the $45,000 tax credit approved back in January 2015 simply because he hasn’t found the right mechanic for his shop, which specializes in Porsches and Mercedes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re having a hard time finding somebody with the skill set that we need,” Pikios said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "local-farmers-struggle-to-compete-against-online-meal-kit-services",
"title": "Local Farmers Struggle to Compete Against Online Meal Kit Services",
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"headTitle": "Local Farmers Struggle to Compete Against Online Meal Kit Services | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>There is now a host of companies that will send meals and produce to your doorstep with just the click of a button. But with all the new options, fewer people are ordering boxes of fruits and vegetables straight from farmers like Paul Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill built \u003ca href=\"http://terrafirmafarm.com/\">his Terra Firma Farm in Yolo County\u003c/a> on the CSA, or community-supported agriculture, model. In a CSA, subscribers — mostly middle-class urbanites — buy memberships and then farmers ship them boxes of produce. There are no middlemen. The money goes directly from the consumers to farmers like Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill said the CSA model allowed him to avoid loans and eventually buy his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically like the 20th-century farming equivalent of a funding website,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/11/HarnettCommSuppAgriculture.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/11/28/CSABox.jpg\" Title=\"Local CSA Farmers Struggle to Compete Against Meal Kit Services\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.justfood.org/csa/history\">CSAs got started\u003c/a> in Japan and Europe in the ’60s, and by the ’80s they had made their way to the United States. CSAs were embraced by small farmers as a way to stay in business as mega-farms continued to push down wholesale produce prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill has been shipping CSA boxes for almost 25 years, and for over a decade and a half, business grew steadily. Then the recession hit, and things have been downhill ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 2008 we were delivering 1,300 to 1,400 boxes a week,” Underhill said. “Now we’re doing somewhere between 750 and 850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The local food system has shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two.’\u003ccite>Evan Wiig, The Farmers Guild\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Underhill attributes some of the decline in CSA business to meal and produce delivery services like Sun Basket, HelloFresh and Blue Apron. He said these companies co-opted the direct-from-the-farmer brand established by CSAs, and unlike small farmers, they have the benefit of venture capital to capture market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies run ads — often on public radio and podcasts — offering discounts and freebies. Underhill said giving away free boxes or making steep discounts “would blow a giant hole in any farm’s budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for local farms. “The new produce box schemes, they really aren’t the death of the CSAs,” Wiig said. “They’re just the newest iteration in a long evolving trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSAs used to be one of the few ways for urbanites to get their fix of things like heirloom kohlrabi and purple carrots. Now there are more farmers markets, and organic produce is available at many grocery stores, even Costco. “The local food system, the local food models, have shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two,” Wiig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these choices, Wiig said customers are demanding more control over what they get and when. The buy-direct, support-the-farm ethos of CSAs is getting lost in the pursuit of convenience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Lorraine-Portrait-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorraine Walker is trying to retain customers by adding things like chicken stock and herbal sodas to her CSA boxes. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lorraine Walker’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatwell.com/\">Eatwell Farm\u003c/a> near Davis relies on the CSA model. She is trying to retain customers by offering add-ons to her boxes: eggs, chicken stock and sodas made with herbs on the farm. She also invites members to the farm to do things like pick strawberries and make pasta sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one thing no one else can offer,” Walker said, “The true connection to the farm, to the soil, to the plants, and to where your food comes from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up for the loss of CSA revenue, Underhill has gone back to growing more for restaurants and grocery stores. He said other nearby CSA farms have started selling to the new meal and produce delivery services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to think of a word other than depressing,” Underhill said. “But that’s what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling wholesale might help make ends meet for a while. But with today’s low produce prices and slim margins, Underhill said going through any middleman is not a long-term solution for a small farmer like him.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill has been shipping CSA boxes for almost 25 years, and for over a decade and a half, business grew steadily. Then the recession hit, and things have been downhill ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 2008 we were delivering 1,300 to 1,400 boxes a week,” Underhill said. “Now we’re doing somewhere between 750 and 850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The local food system has shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two.’\u003ccite>Evan Wiig, The Farmers Guild\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Underhill attributes some of the decline in CSA business to meal and produce delivery services like Sun Basket, HelloFresh and Blue Apron. He said these companies co-opted the direct-from-the-farmer brand established by CSAs, and unlike small farmers, they have the benefit of venture capital to capture market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies run ads — often on public radio and podcasts — offering discounts and freebies. Underhill said giving away free boxes or making steep discounts “would blow a giant hole in any farm’s budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for local farms. “The new produce box schemes, they really aren’t the death of the CSAs,” Wiig said. “They’re just the newest iteration in a long evolving trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSAs used to be one of the few ways for urbanites to get their fix of things like heirloom kohlrabi and purple carrots. Now there are more farmers markets, and organic produce is available at many grocery stores, even Costco. “The local food system, the local food models, have shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two,” Wiig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these choices, Wiig said customers are demanding more control over what they get and when. The buy-direct, support-the-farm ethos of CSAs is getting lost in the pursuit of convenience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Lorraine-Portrait-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorraine Walker is trying to retain customers by adding things like chicken stock and herbal sodas to her CSA boxes. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lorraine Walker’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatwell.com/\">Eatwell Farm\u003c/a> near Davis relies on the CSA model. She is trying to retain customers by offering add-ons to her boxes: eggs, chicken stock and sodas made with herbs on the farm. She also invites members to the farm to do things like pick strawberries and make pasta sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one thing no one else can offer,” Walker said, “The true connection to the farm, to the soil, to the plants, and to where your food comes from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up for the loss of CSA revenue, Underhill has gone back to growing more for restaurants and grocery stores. He said other nearby CSA farms have started selling to the new meal and produce delivery services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to think of a word other than depressing,” Underhill said. “But that’s what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling wholesale might help make ends meet for a while. But with today’s low produce prices and slim margins, Underhill said going through any middleman is not a long-term solution for a small farmer like him.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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