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"content": "\u003cp>Right now, a big chunk of Antarctic ice is hanging on by a frozen thread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>British researchers monitoring the crack in the Larsen C ice shelf say that only about 12 miles now connect the chunk of ice to the rest of the continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a few months of steady, incremental advance since the last event, the rift grew suddenly by a further 18 km [11 miles] during the second half of December 2016,” wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/science/geography/a.luckman/\">Adrian Luckman\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectmidas.org/blog/larsen-c-ice-shelf-poised-to-calve/\">a statement\u003c/a> Thursday by the MIDAS Project, which is monitoring changes in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crack in question has been growing for years, and is now a total of roughly 70 miles long. When the fissure reaches the far side of the shelf, an iceberg the size of Delaware will float off, leaving the Larsen C 10 percent smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsula,” Luckman wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11257350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11257350\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A NASA scientist with project IceBridge took this photo of the crack in November.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A NASA scientist with project IceBridge took this photo of the crack in November. \u003ccite>(John Sonntag/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ice shelves are important because they \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=89257\">provide a buffer\u003c/a> between the sea and the ice that sits on land, in this case on the Antarctic Peninsula. Without a healthy ice shelf, water from melting glaciers can flow straight to the sea, raising the sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s normal for the front of an ice shelf to crack and break off, known as calving. But it’s unusual for that to happen faster than the ice shelf can refreeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists worry that the missing piece will destabilize the whole ice shelf. A smaller ice shelf, Larsen B, \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/larsenb.php\">completely splintered\u003c/a> in a little over a month in 2002, a process that started with a similar crack. Another ice shelf, Larsen A, had disintegrated a few years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Larsen C may eventually follow the example of its neighbour Larsen B,” wrote Luckman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it doesn’t go in the next few months, I’ll be amazed,” he \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-38522954\">told\u003c/a> BBC News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen C is Antarctica’s fourth-largest ice shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Right now, a big chunk of Antarctic ice is hanging on by a frozen thread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>British researchers monitoring the crack in the Larsen C ice shelf say that only about 12 miles now connect the chunk of ice to the rest of the continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a few months of steady, incremental advance since the last event, the rift grew suddenly by a further 18 km [11 miles] during the second half of December 2016,” wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.swansea.ac.uk/staff/science/geography/a.luckman/\">Adrian Luckman\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectmidas.org/blog/larsen-c-ice-shelf-poised-to-calve/\">a statement\u003c/a> Thursday by the MIDAS Project, which is monitoring changes in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crack in question has been growing for years, and is now a total of roughly 70 miles long. When the fissure reaches the far side of the shelf, an iceberg the size of Delaware will float off, leaving the Larsen C 10 percent smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This event will fundamentally change the landscape of the Antarctic Peninsula,” Luckman wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11257350\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11257350\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A NASA scientist with project IceBridge took this photo of the crack in November.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/larsenc_photo_2016315_lrg_wide-5b67cf99ec7bb47db266b89cb087529f1074d11c-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A NASA scientist with project IceBridge took this photo of the crack in November. \u003ccite>(John Sonntag/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ice shelves are important because they \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=89257\">provide a buffer\u003c/a> between the sea and the ice that sits on land, in this case on the Antarctic Peninsula. Without a healthy ice shelf, water from melting glaciers can flow straight to the sea, raising the sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s normal for the front of an ice shelf to crack and break off, known as calving. But it’s unusual for that to happen faster than the ice shelf can refreeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists worry that the missing piece will destabilize the whole ice shelf. A smaller ice shelf, Larsen B, \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WorldOfChange/larsenb.php\">completely splintered\u003c/a> in a little over a month in 2002, a process that started with a similar crack. Another ice shelf, Larsen A, had disintegrated a few years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Larsen C may eventually follow the example of its neighbour Larsen B,” wrote Luckman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it doesn’t go in the next few months, I’ll be amazed,” he \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-38522954\">told\u003c/a> BBC News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larsen C is Antarctica’s fourth-largest ice shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 5:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence report on Russia's interference in the U.S. elections concludes that Russian President Vladimir Putin personally ordered an \"influence campaign\" that aimed to help President-elect Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency,\" the public version of the report from the FBI, the CIA and the National Security Agency states. \"We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time the U.S. government has leveled these accusations directly at Putin, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/06/508587538/u-s-intelligence-community-releases-public-report-on-russian-hacking\">as NPR's Mary Louise Kelly reports\u003c/a>. \"It's obviously a big deal to level that kind of charge at the head of state of a foreign country,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not weigh in on whether this \"influence campaign\" changed the outcome of the U.S. election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the report's key findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Putin and the Russian Government \"aspired to help President-elect Trump's election chances when possible by discrediting Secretary Clinton and publicly contrasting her unfavorably to him.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The report states that Putin's motivation to discredit Clinton was at least partially personal. It says he \"publicly blamed her since 2011 for inciting mass protests against his regime in late 2011 and early 2012, and because he holds a grudge for comments he almost certainly saw as disparaging him.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Russian intelligence \"conducted cyber operations against targets associated with the 2016 US presidential election, including targets associated with both major US political parties.\" This included primary campaigns, think tanks and lobbying groups.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The report asserts with \"high confidence\" that Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate \"relayed material it acquired from the [Democratic National Committee] and senior Democratic officials to Wikileaks.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Russian intelligence obtained and maintained access to elements of multiple US state or local electoral boards.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Taken together, these efforts \"represented a significant escalation in directness, level of activity, and scope of effort compared to previous operations aimed at US elections.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You can read the public version of the report here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?embed=true&id=3254236-ICA-2017-01\" width=\"100%\" height=\"555\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 7, the U.S. first formally accused Russia of hacking the computers of the Democratic National Committee and other U.S. political organizations. \"We believe, based on the scope and sensitivity of these efforts, that only Russia's senior-most officials could have authorized these activities,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement-department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national\">the joint statement from\u003c/a> the Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, intelligence officials have doubled down and expanded upon the accusations. \"We stand more resolutely on that statement,\" Director of National Intelligence James Clapper said Thursday during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/05/508355408/intelligence-chiefs-stand-more-resolutely-behind-finding-of-russia-election-hack\">as NPR's Brian Naylor reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the FBI threw its weight behind the CIA's assessment, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/12/16/505890551/fbi-cia-agree-that-russia-was-trying-to-help-trump-win-the-election\">as NPR's Carrie Johnson reported\u003c/a>: \"The entire intelligence community, in fact, is now in alignment that the hacks were partly motivated to try and install Trump as president.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bbZWV4H2X6J4mz72MNdVo074Ikr9zWsA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump has repeatedly dismissed the assessment. Earlier Friday afternoon, he received a briefing on the intelligence report from Clapper, CIA Director John Brennan and FBI Director James Comey at Trump Tower in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Trump called the meeting \"constructive\" and added that he has \"tremendous respect\" for the work of the intelligence community. He did not specifically blame Russia, saying it was one of a number of countries including China that are \"consistently trying to break through the cyber infrastructure of our government institutions, businesses and organizations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also stated that the hacks had \"absolutely no effect on the outcome of the election.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the report specifically states that it did not \"make an assessment of the impact that Russian activities had on the outcome of the 2016 election.\" It did say that the Department of Homeland Security \"assesses that the types of systems Russian actors targeted or compromised were not involved in vote tallying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to today's briefing, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/us/politics/donald-trump-wall-hack-russia.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0\">Trump told The New York Times\u003c/a> he believes the continued attention on the cyberattacks is politically motivated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They got beaten very badly in the election. I won more counties in the election than Ronald Reagan,\" Trump told the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>. \"They are very embarrassed about it. To some extent, it's a witch hunt. They just focus on this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/30/507525510/russia-plans-to-expel-u-s-diplomats-in-response-to-u-s-sanctions\">announced sanctions against Russia\u003c/a> last month in response to the cyberattacks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 5:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intelligence report on Russia's interference in the U.S. elections concludes that Russian President Vladimir Putin personally ordered an \"influence campaign\" that aimed to help President-elect Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency,\" the public version of the report from the FBI, the CIA and the National Security Agency states. \"We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time the U.S. government has leveled these accusations directly at Putin, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/06/508587538/u-s-intelligence-community-releases-public-report-on-russian-hacking\">as NPR's Mary Louise Kelly reports\u003c/a>. \"It's obviously a big deal to level that kind of charge at the head of state of a foreign country,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not weigh in on whether this \"influence campaign\" changed the outcome of the U.S. election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the report's key findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Putin and the Russian Government \"aspired to help President-elect Trump's election chances when possible by discrediting Secretary Clinton and publicly contrasting her unfavorably to him.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The report states that Putin's motivation to discredit Clinton was at least partially personal. It says he \"publicly blamed her since 2011 for inciting mass protests against his regime in late 2011 and early 2012, and because he holds a grudge for comments he almost certainly saw as disparaging him.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Russian intelligence \"conducted cyber operations against targets associated with the 2016 US presidential election, including targets associated with both major US political parties.\" This included primary campaigns, think tanks and lobbying groups.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The report asserts with \"high confidence\" that Russia's General Staff Main Intelligence Directorate \"relayed material it acquired from the [Democratic National Committee] and senior Democratic officials to Wikileaks.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\"Russian intelligence obtained and maintained access to elements of multiple US state or local electoral boards.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Taken together, these efforts \"represented a significant escalation in directness, level of activity, and scope of effort compared to previous operations aimed at US elections.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You can read the public version of the report here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?embed=true&id=3254236-ICA-2017-01\" width=\"100%\" height=\"555\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 7, the U.S. first formally accused Russia of hacking the computers of the Democratic National Committee and other U.S. political organizations. \"We believe, based on the scope and sensitivity of these efforts, that only Russia's senior-most officials could have authorized these activities,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement-department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national\">the joint statement from\u003c/a> the Department of Homeland Security and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, intelligence officials have doubled down and expanded upon the accusations. \"We stand more resolutely on that statement,\" Director of National Intelligence James Clapper said Thursday during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/05/508355408/intelligence-chiefs-stand-more-resolutely-behind-finding-of-russia-election-hack\">as NPR's Brian Naylor reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the FBI threw its weight behind the CIA's assessment, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/12/16/505890551/fbi-cia-agree-that-russia-was-trying-to-help-trump-win-the-election\">as NPR's Carrie Johnson reported\u003c/a>: \"The entire intelligence community, in fact, is now in alignment that the hacks were partly motivated to try and install Trump as president.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump has repeatedly dismissed the assessment. Earlier Friday afternoon, he received a briefing on the intelligence report from Clapper, CIA Director John Brennan and FBI Director James Comey at Trump Tower in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Trump called the meeting \"constructive\" and added that he has \"tremendous respect\" for the work of the intelligence community. He did not specifically blame Russia, saying it was one of a number of countries including China that are \"consistently trying to break through the cyber infrastructure of our government institutions, businesses and organizations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also stated that the hacks had \"absolutely no effect on the outcome of the election.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the report specifically states that it did not \"make an assessment of the impact that Russian activities had on the outcome of the 2016 election.\" It did say that the Department of Homeland Security \"assesses that the types of systems Russian actors targeted or compromised were not involved in vote tallying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to today's briefing, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/us/politics/donald-trump-wall-hack-russia.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&clickSource=story-heading&module=a-lede-package-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=0\">Trump told The New York Times\u003c/a> he believes the continued attention on the cyberattacks is politically motivated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They got beaten very badly in the election. I won more counties in the election than Ronald Reagan,\" Trump told the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>. \"They are very embarrassed about it. To some extent, it's a witch hunt. They just focus on this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/30/507525510/russia-plans-to-expel-u-s-diplomats-in-response-to-u-s-sanctions\">announced sanctions against Russia\u003c/a> last month in response to the cyberattacks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Poll: Most Americans Say Don't Repeal Obamacare Without a Replacement",
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"content": "\u003cp>An overwhelming majority of people disapprove of Republican lawmakers' plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act without having a ready replacement for the health care law, according to a poll released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And judging by the letter-writing and lobbying in the first week of the new congressional session, many health care and business groups agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-health-care-priorities-for-2017\">poll\u003c/a> released Friday by the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/about-us/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> finds that 75 percent of Americans say they either want lawmakers to leave Obamacare alone, or repeal it only when they can replace it with a new health care law. Twenty percent of those polled say they want to see the law killed immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Drew Altman, CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation, says the poll shows lawmakers don't have a strong mandate to repeal Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of the American people said they're either against repealing it or they're against repealing it unless Republicans put a replacement plan on the table,\" Altman says. \"They want to see what comes next before they seen the ACA repealed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans are about equally divided over whether Congress should repeal Obamacare, the poll shows. But of the 48 percent who want the law rolled back, about 60 percent want lawmakers to wait until they have an alternative plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[kaiser_survey]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Obamacare isn't even people's top health care concern. The vast majority -- 67 percent -- say their top priority is finding a way to lower their health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll findings come just days after Republicans in the Senate \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/03/508074966/republicans-take-the-first-step-to-repeal-obamacare\">took the first step\u003c/a> toward repealing President Obama's signature health care law. They voted on Wednesday to move ahead with a budget resolution that will allow them to take funding away from Obamacare, which will effectively gut the law because the subsidies to buy insurance, and the penalties for not doing so, will disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans say they intend to vote on repeal, but give the law \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/12/505285572/obamacares-demise-could-be-quicker-than-republicans-intend\">time to sunset\u003c/a> while they come up with a replacement that will give the millions of people covered under Obamacare access to insurance through some other vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., said the replacement legislation would pass by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.drsforamerica.org/blog/today-we-take-action\">doctors\u003c/a>, hospital groups, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/333454038/AHIP-doc#from_embed\">insurers\u003c/a> and analysts are skeptical of that strategy. In letters, press releases and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2qzZvWA-pM&feature=youtu.be\">advertising campaigns\u003c/a>, many organizations have made it clear that they want to see a replacement for the Affordable Care Act in place, or at least outlined, before Congress repeals the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> released Dec. 6 by the American Hospital Association and Federation of American Hospitals warned that a repeal could cost hospitals hundreds of billions and said \"any reconsideration of the ACA should be accompanied at the same time by provisions that guarantee similar coverage to those who would lose it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/ama-letter-congressional-leaders-reform-health-care-system\">letter\u003c/a> sent Tuesday from the American Medical Association urged lawmakers to release details of their Obamacare replacement before repealing the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients and other stakeholders should be able to clearly compare current policy to new proposals so they can make informed decisions about whether it represents a step forward in the ongoing process of health reform,\" the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Andrew Gurman, president of the American Medical Association, says people should be able to evaluate the proposed Obamacare replacement before the current law is thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in this country need to understand what it is they're being asked to substitute for what's there now so they can have an informed opinion about whether it's better or not,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/andrew-w-gurman-md\">Gurman\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And repeal and delay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a concern that that creates uncertainty in insurance markets and uncertainty in people about whether they're going to have continuity of coverage,\" Gurman adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he and his members talk with lawmakers regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Issue-Briefs/2017/Jan/Repealing-Federal-Health-Reform.\">separate study\u003c/a> released Thursday projects that a straight repeal of the law could kill 3 million jobs across the country by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study, by the \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/\">Milken Institute School of Public Health\u003c/a> at George Washington University, finds that about a third of those lost jobs would come from health care, and the rest would be in other industries such as retail, construction, finance and insurance. Total business output could be cut by as much as $2.6 billion over four years, the report says. California, Florida and Texas would be most affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leighton Ku, the report's lead author, says the debate over ACA repeal has focused almost completely on insurance coverage and has ignored the broader economic impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The payments you make to health care then become income for workers and income for other businesses. And this spreads out,\" \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/health-policy-and-management/leighton-ku\">Ku\u003c/a> says. \"Health care is almost a fifth of the US economy, so as you begin to change health care, there are repercussions that go across all sectors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ku says he can't estimate what economic impact Obamcare replacement would have because Republicans have yet to lay out their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a mystery,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's note:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An overwhelming majority of people disapprove of Republican lawmakers' plan to repeal the Affordable Care Act without having a ready replacement for the health care law, according to a poll released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And judging by the letter-writing and lobbying in the first week of the new congressional session, many health care and business groups agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-costs/poll-finding/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-health-care-priorities-for-2017\">poll\u003c/a> released Friday by the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/about-us/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> finds that 75 percent of Americans say they either want lawmakers to leave Obamacare alone, or repeal it only when they can replace it with a new health care law. Twenty percent of those polled say they want to see the law killed immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Drew Altman, CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation, says the poll shows lawmakers don't have a strong mandate to repeal Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most of the American people said they're either against repealing it or they're against repealing it unless Republicans put a replacement plan on the table,\" Altman says. \"They want to see what comes next before they seen the ACA repealed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans are about equally divided over whether Congress should repeal Obamacare, the poll shows. But of the 48 percent who want the law rolled back, about 60 percent want lawmakers to wait until they have an alternative plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[kaiser_survey]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Obamacare isn't even people's top health care concern. The vast majority -- 67 percent -- say their top priority is finding a way to lower their health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll findings come just days after Republicans in the Senate \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/01/03/508074966/republicans-take-the-first-step-to-repeal-obamacare\">took the first step\u003c/a> toward repealing President Obama's signature health care law. They voted on Wednesday to move ahead with a budget resolution that will allow them to take funding away from Obamacare, which will effectively gut the law because the subsidies to buy insurance, and the penalties for not doing so, will disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans say they intend to vote on repeal, but give the law \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/12/12/505285572/obamacares-demise-could-be-quicker-than-republicans-intend\">time to sunset\u003c/a> while they come up with a replacement that will give the millions of people covered under Obamacare access to insurance through some other vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., said the replacement legislation would pass by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.drsforamerica.org/blog/today-we-take-action\">doctors\u003c/a>, hospital groups, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/333454038/AHIP-doc#from_embed\">insurers\u003c/a> and analysts are skeptical of that strategy. In letters, press releases and \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2qzZvWA-pM&feature=youtu.be\">advertising campaigns\u003c/a>, many organizations have made it clear that they want to see a replacement for the Affordable Care Act in place, or at least outlined, before Congress repeals the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.aha.org/content/16/impact-repeal-aca-report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> released Dec. 6 by the American Hospital Association and Federation of American Hospitals warned that a repeal could cost hospitals hundreds of billions and said \"any reconsideration of the ACA should be accompanied at the same time by provisions that guarantee similar coverage to those who would lose it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/ama-letter-congressional-leaders-reform-health-care-system\">letter\u003c/a> sent Tuesday from the American Medical Association urged lawmakers to release details of their Obamacare replacement before repealing the current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients and other stakeholders should be able to clearly compare current policy to new proposals so they can make informed decisions about whether it represents a step forward in the ongoing process of health reform,\" the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Andrew Gurman, president of the American Medical Association, says people should be able to evaluate the proposed Obamacare replacement before the current law is thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in this country need to understand what it is they're being asked to substitute for what's there now so they can have an informed opinion about whether it's better or not,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.ama-assn.org/andrew-w-gurman-md\">Gurman\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And repeal and delay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a concern that that creates uncertainty in insurance markets and uncertainty in people about whether they're going to have continuity of coverage,\" Gurman adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he and his members talk with lawmakers regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Issue-Briefs/2017/Jan/Repealing-Federal-Health-Reform.\">separate study\u003c/a> released Thursday projects that a straight repeal of the law could kill 3 million jobs across the country by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That study, by the \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/\">Milken Institute School of Public Health\u003c/a> at George Washington University, finds that about a third of those lost jobs would come from health care, and the rest would be in other industries such as retail, construction, finance and insurance. Total business output could be cut by as much as $2.6 billion over four years, the report says. California, Florida and Texas would be most affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leighton Ku, the report's lead author, says the debate over ACA repeal has focused almost completely on insurance coverage and has ignored the broader economic impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The payments you make to health care then become income for workers and income for other businesses. And this spreads out,\" \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/health-policy-and-management/leighton-ku\">Ku\u003c/a> says. \"Health care is almost a fifth of the US economy, so as you begin to change health care, there are repercussions that go across all sectors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ku says he can't estimate what economic impact Obamcare replacement would have because Republicans have yet to lay out their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a mystery,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's note:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Kaiser Family Foundation supports Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program that produces news reports heard on NPR and published on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://NPR.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Intelligence Chiefs 'Stand More Resolutely' Behind Finding of Russia Election Hacking",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intelligence agency leaders repeated their determination Thursday that only \"the senior most officials\" in Russia could have authorized recent hacks into Democratic National Committee and Clinton officials' emails during the presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Director of National Intelligence James Clapper affirmed an Oct. 7 joint statement from 17 intelligence agencies that the Russian government directed the election interference — and went further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand more resolutely on that statement,\" Clapper said during a Senate Armed Services hearing with the intelligence chiefs into the politically charged issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper noted that the intelligence officials would not dive into many more details at this hearing, deferring to a broader, unclassified report on the election interference to be released next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz., said there is no national security interest \"more vital to the U.S. than the ability to hold free and fair elections without foreign interference,\" and that \"every American should be alarmed by Russia's attacks on our nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will ascribe\" a motive for the Russian cyberattack in the upcoming report, Clapper said. He wouldn't say Thursday what it is, but it has been widely reported that the intelligence agencies agree that Russia was trying to get Donald Trump elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EXLCtTkkxcmHrljYH6TR2Y1PB0urYZ42\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said he will \"push the envelope\" to make much of that report unclassified without jeopardizing sources or intelligence-gathering details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public should know as much about this as possible,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Clapper, testifying before the committee were Defense Undersecretary Marcel Lettre and Adm. Michael Rogers, commander of the U.S. Cyber Command of the National Security Agency. All three will be leaving their positions at the end of the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first questions from McCain was about the involvement of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks published emails — from the account of Hillary Clinton's campaign manager John Podesta — that the intelligence community says were hacked by the Russians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assange has denied the Russian government gave WikiLeaks the emails. McCain asked Clapper if Assange had any credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not in my view,\" Clapper said, adding that Assange \"has put people at risk\" with revelations about U.S. intelligence gathering. \"I don't think those of us in the intelligence community have a whole lot of respect for him,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Trump, however, has openly questioned whether Russia was involved in the hacking, pointed to errors the intelligence community made over the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and has appeared to back Assange in tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/816999062562107392\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/817004210529116160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said there is a difference \"between skepticism and disparagement\" of the intelligence community. Trump has taken to Twitter, referring to \"Intelligence\" and its officials in quotations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also testified that there is no evidence the Russian hacking changed vote tallies \"or anything of that sort.\" He did say, however, there is no way of gauging the impact of Russia's actions \"on choices the electorate made.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain asked Clapper if the Russian cyber-intrusion constituted \"an act of war.\" Clapper responded that constitutes \"a very heavy policy call,\" which, he said, \"I don't think the intelligence communities should make.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he did say what was done carried \"great gravity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper added that Russia deployed more than just cyberattacks in its effort to disrupt the election, calling it a multifaceted campaign. \"The hacking was only one part of it,\" he said. \"It also entailed classical propaganda, disinformation, fake news,\" which he said was still going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a fair amount of talk about rocks and glass houses, with Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina calling the Obama administration's response to the hacking, a set of limited economic sanctions, just \"a pebble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it comes to interfering with our election,\" Graham said, \"we better be ready to throw rocks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., noted the U.S. has also attempted to interfere in other nations' elections. \"We live in a big glass house,\" Tillis said, \"and there are a lot of rocks to throw.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee Chairman John McCain, R-Ariz., said there is no national security interest \"more vital to the U.S. than the ability to hold free and fair elections without foreign interference,\" and that \"every American should be alarmed by Russia's attacks on our nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will ascribe\" a motive for the Russian cyberattack in the upcoming report, Clapper said. He wouldn't say Thursday what it is, but it has been widely reported that the intelligence agencies agree that Russia was trying to get Donald Trump elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said he will \"push the envelope\" to make much of that report unclassified without jeopardizing sources or intelligence-gathering details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public should know as much about this as possible,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Clapper, testifying before the committee were Defense Undersecretary Marcel Lettre and Adm. Michael Rogers, commander of the U.S. Cyber Command of the National Security Agency. All three will be leaving their positions at the end of the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first questions from McCain was about the involvement of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks published emails — from the account of Hillary Clinton's campaign manager John Podesta — that the intelligence community says were hacked by the Russians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assange has denied the Russian government gave WikiLeaks the emails. McCain asked Clapper if Assange had any credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not in my view,\" Clapper said, adding that Assange \"has put people at risk\" with revelations about U.S. intelligence gathering. \"I don't think those of us in the intelligence community have a whole lot of respect for him,\" Clapper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Trump, however, has openly questioned whether Russia was involved in the hacking, pointed to errors the intelligence community made over the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and has appeared to back Assange in tweets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Clapper also said there is a difference \"between skepticism and disparagement\" of the intelligence community. Trump has taken to Twitter, referring to \"Intelligence\" and its officials in quotations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper also testified that there is no evidence the Russian hacking changed vote tallies \"or anything of that sort.\" He did say, however, there is no way of gauging the impact of Russia's actions \"on choices the electorate made.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain asked Clapper if the Russian cyber-intrusion constituted \"an act of war.\" Clapper responded that constitutes \"a very heavy policy call,\" which, he said, \"I don't think the intelligence communities should make.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he did say what was done carried \"great gravity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper added that Russia deployed more than just cyberattacks in its effort to disrupt the election, calling it a multifaceted campaign. \"The hacking was only one part of it,\" he said. \"It also entailed classical propaganda, disinformation, fake news,\" which he said was still going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a fair amount of talk about rocks and glass houses, with Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina calling the Obama administration's response to the hacking, a set of limited economic sanctions, just \"a pebble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it comes to interfering with our election,\" Graham said, \"we better be ready to throw rocks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., noted the U.S. has also attempted to interfere in other nations' elections. \"We live in a big glass house,\" Tillis said, \"and there are a lot of rocks to throw.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Dakota Pipeline Protesters, Nearby Residents Brace for 2017",
"title": "Dakota Pipeline Protesters, Nearby Residents Brace for 2017",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Even though most of the protesters fighting the Dakota Access Pipeline in North Dakota have left, hundreds still remain here atop what is essentially a sheet of ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group of campers say there's a change taking hold at camp, which was once overrun by thousands who felt a sense of excitement about the gathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byron Shorty, who lives on the Navajo reservation in Arizona, says now that the Army Corps of Engineers is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/04/504354503/army-corps-denies-easement-for-dakota-access-pipeline-says-tribal-organization\" target=\"_blank\">temporarily halting pipeline construction\u003c/a>, the protest camp is calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be here to reflect, and I want to be here to help clean up our abandoned campsites that I still see,\" he says. \"And we're in the process of cleaning those up and repurposing the things that people left behind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/506714991/508151264\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, like Jacob Chamberlain, who came here from Scotland, are doing daily chores like chopping firewood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not about taking selfies and saying that you were out here anymore. At this point, it's about being hearty, surviving in the cold,\" Chamberlain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the Army Corps said it would conduct a lengthy environmental review of this project, even as a fossil fuel-friendly administration is coming to Washington. Standing Rock council member Chad Harrison attended a recent meeting between tribes and the Trump transition team and was pleased that could even happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that that's an indicator of how serious he'll be when it comes to Native American issues,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Doug Burgum, North Dakota's new governor, is urging President-elect Donald Trump to approve the project. He's doing that even as he recently met with Standing Rock leaders in an effort to rebuild frayed relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11253833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11253833 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"Jacob Chamberlain, 22, of Scotland chops firewood to use in fireplaces installed inside camp shelters. He plans to stay in North Dakota until the pipeline project is defeated.\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-800x517.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-1020x659.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-1180x763.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-960x621.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-520x336.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Chamberlain, 22, of Scotland, chops firewood to use in fireplaces installed inside camp shelters. He plans to stay in North Dakota until the pipeline project is defeated. \u003ccite>(Amy Sisk/Inside Energy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A community divided\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrations have caused gridlock, disrupted businesses and severely stretched police resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really kind of makes me sad when I see the picture that is being painted across the nation, this narrative that it's this bad cop thing happening. And that's not here in North Dakota. Not at all.\" says Shelle Aberle of Bismarck, North Dakota, who runs a Facebook page supporting law enforcement. \"Our law enforcement are there to protect both sides.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other residents back the pipeline opponents. The Unitarian Universalist congregation has supplied food to camp and shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Vxhu9xvmbQJKC7vBDrCG8fKlkd49qrFV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this protest, both sides often seemed to speak right past each other. Minister Karen Van Fossan says that should be changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren't often talking about the things that are on our minds, and now we really are,\" Van Fossan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kay LaCoe hopes that's true. The Bismarck resident recently called on residents to support businesses targeted by protesters. But soon after, hateful messages flooded her Facebook. She even received death threats, and just wants a final decision on the pipeline to end all this tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever the government and the tribe and the energy companies decide to do with that pipeline, I'm good with it. Just give me my hometown back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the legal battle over the pipeline will likely continue to play out in 2017 as North Dakotans grapple both with the protesters and the fallout from their continued presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Amy Sisk reports for Prairie Public Broadcasting and for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://insideenergy.org/\">Inside Energy\u003c/a>,\u003cem> a public media collaboration focused on America's energy issues. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 Prairie Public Broadcasting. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.prairiepublic.org/radio/\">Prairie Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even though most of the protesters fighting the Dakota Access Pipeline in North Dakota have left, hundreds still remain here atop what is essentially a sheet of ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group of campers say there's a change taking hold at camp, which was once overrun by thousands who felt a sense of excitement about the gathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byron Shorty, who lives on the Navajo reservation in Arizona, says now that the Army Corps of Engineers is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/04/504354503/army-corps-denies-easement-for-dakota-access-pipeline-says-tribal-organization\" target=\"_blank\">temporarily halting pipeline construction\u003c/a>, the protest camp is calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be here to reflect, and I want to be here to help clean up our abandoned campsites that I still see,\" he says. \"And we're in the process of cleaning those up and repurposing the things that people left behind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/506714991/508151264\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, like Jacob Chamberlain, who came here from Scotland, are doing daily chores like chopping firewood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not about taking selfies and saying that you were out here anymore. At this point, it's about being hearty, surviving in the cold,\" Chamberlain says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the Army Corps said it would conduct a lengthy environmental review of this project, even as a fossil fuel-friendly administration is coming to Washington. Standing Rock council member Chad Harrison attended a recent meeting between tribes and the Trump transition team and was pleased that could even happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that that's an indicator of how serious he'll be when it comes to Native American issues,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Doug Burgum, North Dakota's new governor, is urging President-elect Donald Trump to approve the project. He's doing that even as he recently met with Standing Rock leaders in an effort to rebuild frayed relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11253833\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11253833 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"Jacob Chamberlain, 22, of Scotland chops firewood to use in fireplaces installed inside camp shelters. He plans to stay in North Dakota until the pipeline project is defeated.\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-800x517.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-1020x659.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-1180x763.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-960x621.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/WoodChopping-520x336.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Chamberlain, 22, of Scotland, chops firewood to use in fireplaces installed inside camp shelters. He plans to stay in North Dakota until the pipeline project is defeated. \u003ccite>(Amy Sisk/Inside Energy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A community divided\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrations have caused gridlock, disrupted businesses and severely stretched police resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really kind of makes me sad when I see the picture that is being painted across the nation, this narrative that it's this bad cop thing happening. And that's not here in North Dakota. Not at all.\" says Shelle Aberle of Bismarck, North Dakota, who runs a Facebook page supporting law enforcement. \"Our law enforcement are there to protect both sides.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other residents back the pipeline opponents. The Unitarian Universalist congregation has supplied food to camp and shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this protest, both sides often seemed to speak right past each other. Minister Karen Van Fossan says that should be changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren't often talking about the things that are on our minds, and now we really are,\" Van Fossan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kay LaCoe hopes that's true. The Bismarck resident recently called on residents to support businesses targeted by protesters. But soon after, hateful messages flooded her Facebook. She even received death threats, and just wants a final decision on the pipeline to end all this tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever the government and the tribe and the energy companies decide to do with that pipeline, I'm good with it. Just give me my hometown back,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the legal battle over the pipeline will likely continue to play out in 2017 as North Dakotans grapple both with the protesters and the fallout from their continued presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Amy Sisk reports for Prairie Public Broadcasting and for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://insideenergy.org/\">Inside Energy\u003c/a>,\u003cem> a public media collaboration focused on America's energy issues. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 Prairie Public Broadcasting. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.prairiepublic.org/radio/\">Prairie Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a storm of criticism, including from President-elect Donald Trump, House Republicans have reversed themselves and restored the current rules of the Office of Congressional Ethics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP members met Tuesday afternoon and agreed by unanimous consent to withdraw a change to House rules approved late Monday evening, before the new Congress was sworn in, that would have weakened the ethics office, an independent watchdog first established in 2008 under House Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to lawmakers in the room, GOP leaders said the change was a distraction from their agenda and that the issue needed further vetting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public outcry, opposition from ethics watchdog groups, a divided GOP and two tweets from Trump critical of the rules change prompted a swift reversal of the proposal authored by House Judiciary Chairman Bob Goodlatte, R-Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump questioned, via Tweet, Congress’ priorities. He tweeted a pair of posts saying that while the OCE was “unfair,” Congress had more important issues to take up, including tax reform and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/816298944456232960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/816300003442495488\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inclusion of the ethics measure threatened to bring down the entire rules package — the governing rules of the chamber — that is headed for a vote later Tuesday. The majority party traditionally passes the rules package on its votes alone, and a defeat would have been an embarrassing start for Republicans in the new Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Ethics Chairwoman Susan Brooks, R-Indiana, said that the ethics panel will review the proposal and come back to the conference with any recommendations by late summer or early fall. Republicans said they would like to have Democratic buy in to any proposed changes to the OCE. Several Democrats in recent years have also voiced criticism of the OCE, but Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-California, who played a critical role in establishing the office, has fought back any efforts to reduce its role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi said in a statement that “House Republicans showed their true colors last night” and decried “the toxic dysfunction of a Republican House that will do anything to further their special interest agenda, thwart transparency and undermine the public trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats did not immediately comment on whether they would take part in an Ethics Committee review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition to the gutting of the office was swift and came from some unexpected sources in addition to Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exhibit A: Jack Abramoff, the former lobbyist, whose conviction on influence-peddling charges helped lead to the creation of the OCE, told Politico the Republicans’ action was “exactly the opposite of what Congress should be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Rep. Bob Ney, who also served time after being convicted as part of the same scandal, said, “House Republicans should not have done this and also the way they did it without announcing it is not a public policy to be proud of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judicial Watch, the conservative group that has led efforts to release former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s emails, called the House rules change “shady and corrupt” and a “drive-by effort” to eliminate the OCE, as well as “a poor way for the Republican majority to begin ‘draining the swamp.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan had issued a statement saying many members feel that after eight years, the office “is in need of reform.” Ryan argued the office would continue to operate independently and still take complaints from members of the public. He said the House Ethics Committee would merely provide oversight of the complaints office but insisted that the office “is not controlled by the committee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Project on Government Oversight also chimed in, saying ethics watchdogs like the OCE “need to be strengthened and expanded — not taken out back and shot in the middle of the night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After a late-night vote and an ensuing public relations debacle, House Republicans reversed themselves on a decision that would have taken the teeth out of the Office of Congressional Ethics.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a storm of criticism, including from President-elect Donald Trump, House Republicans have reversed themselves and restored the current rules of the Office of Congressional Ethics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP members met Tuesday afternoon and agreed by unanimous consent to withdraw a change to House rules approved late Monday evening, before the new Congress was sworn in, that would have weakened the ethics office, an independent watchdog first established in 2008 under House Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to lawmakers in the room, GOP leaders said the change was a distraction from their agenda and that the issue needed further vetting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public outcry, opposition from ethics watchdog groups, a divided GOP and two tweets from Trump critical of the rules change prompted a swift reversal of the proposal authored by House Judiciary Chairman Bob Goodlatte, R-Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump questioned, via Tweet, Congress’ priorities. He tweeted a pair of posts saying that while the OCE was “unfair,” Congress had more important issues to take up, including tax reform and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Inclusion of the ethics measure threatened to bring down the entire rules package — the governing rules of the chamber — that is headed for a vote later Tuesday. The majority party traditionally passes the rules package on its votes alone, and a defeat would have been an embarrassing start for Republicans in the new Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Ethics Chairwoman Susan Brooks, R-Indiana, said that the ethics panel will review the proposal and come back to the conference with any recommendations by late summer or early fall. Republicans said they would like to have Democratic buy in to any proposed changes to the OCE. Several Democrats in recent years have also voiced criticism of the OCE, but Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-California, who played a critical role in establishing the office, has fought back any efforts to reduce its role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi said in a statement that “House Republicans showed their true colors last night” and decried “the toxic dysfunction of a Republican House that will do anything to further their special interest agenda, thwart transparency and undermine the public trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats did not immediately comment on whether they would take part in an Ethics Committee review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition to the gutting of the office was swift and came from some unexpected sources in addition to Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exhibit A: Jack Abramoff, the former lobbyist, whose conviction on influence-peddling charges helped lead to the creation of the OCE, told Politico the Republicans’ action was “exactly the opposite of what Congress should be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Rep. Bob Ney, who also served time after being convicted as part of the same scandal, said, “House Republicans should not have done this and also the way they did it without announcing it is not a public policy to be proud of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judicial Watch, the conservative group that has led efforts to release former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s emails, called the House rules change “shady and corrupt” and a “drive-by effort” to eliminate the OCE, as well as “a poor way for the Republican majority to begin ‘draining the swamp.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan had issued a statement saying many members feel that after eight years, the office “is in need of reform.” Ryan argued the office would continue to operate independently and still take complaints from members of the public. He said the House Ethics Committee would merely provide oversight of the complaints office but insisted that the office “is not controlled by the committee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Project on Government Oversight also chimed in, saying ethics watchdogs like the OCE “need to be strengthened and expanded — not taken out back and shot in the middle of the night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here’s a timely reminder for all you would-be revelers out there: Be careful with your countdowns this New Year’s Eve. There will be a little extra time to bask in the glow of a retreating 2016 — or curse its name, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/12/28/506718757/should-we-all-just-stop-calling-2016-the-worst\">as the case may be.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your inclination, one thing is certain: Before the year is out, the world’s foremost authority on time will be adding one more second to the clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/eop/-/somos/5Rgv/latest/16\">bulletin released\u003c/a> this summer, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, or IERS, said it would be necessary to introduce a “leap second” at the end of December. Timekeepers use this added second much as leap years are used — to bring the world’s atomic clocks in sync with the Earth’s own distinctive rhythm, which in this case is determined by its rotation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This leap second isn’t the first. Since 1971, the world has added leap seconds with some regularity — typically every two to three years — and the latest leap second was added \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/30/418594948/11-59-60-look-for-an-extra-tick-of-the-clock-tonight\">only last year\u003c/a>, in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do these leap seconds keep cropping up? Peter Whibberley, a research scientist with the U.K.’s National Physical Laboratory, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npl.co.uk/news/what-will-you-do-with-your-extra-second\">explains it this way\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Atomic clocks are more than a million times better at keeping time than the rotation of the Earth, which fluctuates unpredictably. Leap seconds are needed to prevent civil time drifting away from Earth time. Although the drift is small — taking around a thousand years to accumulate a one-hour difference — if not corrected, it would eventually result in clocks showing midday before sunrise.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Recent research appears to back up Whibberley’s assessment. According to a study published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/472/2196/20160404\">the Proceedings of the Royal Society A\u003c/a>, Earth’s rotation has slowed about 1.8 milliseconds per day — which means the solar day itself has lengthened, little by little. The researchers based this assessment on records dating back to 760 B.C., long before the implementation of the precise atomic clocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earth-longer-days-20161205-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> broke down the findings: “If humanity had been measuring time with an atomic clock that started running back in 700 BC, today that clock would read 7 p.m. when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, however useful they may seem, these little extras can occasionally cause some big frustrations, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/30/418924569/to-keep-up-with-earths-rotation-clocks-will-tick-an-extra-second-tonight\">NPR’s Geoff Brumfiel notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Leap seconds have crashed airline reservation systems. They’re believed to have briefly shut down Russia’s GPS satellite system, and there’s potential for even greater mischief as things like financial trading become ever more precise in their use of time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And those issues have earned the humble leap second its fair share of critics, who argue that it is standing in the way of the precision promised by atomic clocks. These critics would prefer the steadiness that may come with unmooring the world’s measurement of time from its astronomical inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate has persisted \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/01/17/145355481/worlds-time-keepers-will-decide-the-fate-of-the-leap-second\">for years\u003c/a>, leaving the leap second with an uncertain fate. The United Nations \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-11-thoughts-countries-decision.html\">announced last year\u003c/a> that it will be postponing its decision on whether to keep the leap second around, saying that “further studies are required on the impact and application of a future reference time-scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is not expected to return to the decision until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this is to say: Whether you like it or not, the leap second will be sticking around a while longer — and so will 2016, even if only by a single second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "To keep our system of time in sync with Earth's rotation, the world's foremost timekeepers are adding an extra second to 2016. For such a small thing, the leap second has some big implications.",
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"title": "With A Leap Second, 2016 Promises To Linger Just A Little Bit Longer | KQED",
"description": "To keep our system of time in sync with Earth's rotation, the world's foremost timekeepers are adding an extra second to 2016. For such a small thing, the leap second has some big implications.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here’s a timely reminder for all you would-be revelers out there: Be careful with your countdowns this New Year’s Eve. There will be a little extra time to bask in the glow of a retreating 2016 — or curse its name, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/12/28/506718757/should-we-all-just-stop-calling-2016-the-worst\">as the case may be.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your inclination, one thing is certain: Before the year is out, the world’s foremost authority on time will be adding one more second to the clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/eop/-/somos/5Rgv/latest/16\">bulletin released\u003c/a> this summer, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, or IERS, said it would be necessary to introduce a “leap second” at the end of December. Timekeepers use this added second much as leap years are used — to bring the world’s atomic clocks in sync with the Earth’s own distinctive rhythm, which in this case is determined by its rotation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This leap second isn’t the first. Since 1971, the world has added leap seconds with some regularity — typically every two to three years — and the latest leap second was added \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/30/418594948/11-59-60-look-for-an-extra-tick-of-the-clock-tonight\">only last year\u003c/a>, in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do these leap seconds keep cropping up? Peter Whibberley, a research scientist with the U.K.’s National Physical Laboratory, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npl.co.uk/news/what-will-you-do-with-your-extra-second\">explains it this way\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Atomic clocks are more than a million times better at keeping time than the rotation of the Earth, which fluctuates unpredictably. Leap seconds are needed to prevent civil time drifting away from Earth time. Although the drift is small — taking around a thousand years to accumulate a one-hour difference — if not corrected, it would eventually result in clocks showing midday before sunrise.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Recent research appears to back up Whibberley’s assessment. According to a study published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/472/2196/20160404\">the Proceedings of the Royal Society A\u003c/a>, Earth’s rotation has slowed about 1.8 milliseconds per day — which means the solar day itself has lengthened, little by little. The researchers based this assessment on records dating back to 760 B.C., long before the implementation of the precise atomic clocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earth-longer-days-20161205-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> broke down the findings: “If humanity had been measuring time with an atomic clock that started running back in 700 BC, today that clock would read 7 p.m. when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, however useful they may seem, these little extras can occasionally cause some big frustrations, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/30/418924569/to-keep-up-with-earths-rotation-clocks-will-tick-an-extra-second-tonight\">NPR’s Geoff Brumfiel notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Leap seconds have crashed airline reservation systems. They’re believed to have briefly shut down Russia’s GPS satellite system, and there’s potential for even greater mischief as things like financial trading become ever more precise in their use of time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And those issues have earned the humble leap second its fair share of critics, who argue that it is standing in the way of the precision promised by atomic clocks. These critics would prefer the steadiness that may come with unmooring the world’s measurement of time from its astronomical inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate has persisted \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/01/17/145355481/worlds-time-keepers-will-decide-the-fate-of-the-leap-second\">for years\u003c/a>, leaving the leap second with an uncertain fate. The United Nations \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-11-thoughts-countries-decision.html\">announced last year\u003c/a> that it will be postponing its decision on whether to keep the leap second around, saying that “further studies are required on the impact and application of a future reference time-scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is not expected to return to the decision until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this is to say: Whether you like it or not, the leap second will be sticking around a while longer — and so will 2016, even if only by a single second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Democrats may have lost the House and the Senate over the past eight years, but they always had one thing: President Barack Obama — and his veto pen — in the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That won't be the case next year, when Republicans find themselves with all the power in Washington for the first time since 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The capital's new power dynamic — and the aggressive agenda Republican leaders are laying out for 2017— are forcing Democrats to make some tough strategic choices about how they'll work as a minority party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The starting point in the conversation Democrats are having with themselves right now is this: Republicans in Congress spent almost all of the past eight years opposing President Obama, and they seem to have reaped a lot of political rewards for the block opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP leaders will get to set the agenda in Congress next year. And among their first orders of business will be voting on a Supreme Court nominee picked by President Donald Trump. That's after Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell rejected any hearings, let alone votes, for Obama's pick, Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi is quick and careful to reject an approach of wholesale opposition, though. She recently described Democrats' approach as \"always trying to find a place where we can find a common goal. Giving [Republicans] credit, or saving face, whatever it happens to be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would be hopeful that there are some places that we can work together,\" Pelosi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Pelosi and other Democrats talk about working with Trump, that common goal is conditional. They say Trump would have to be willing to do things \u003cem>they\u003c/em> care about — like, perhaps, following through on a promise to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it should be large. He's mentioned a trillion dollars. I told him that sounds good to me,\" incoming Senate Minority Leader \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/schumer-trumps-trillion-dollar-infrastructure-plan-sounds-good/story?id=44311598\">Chuck Schumer recently told ABC News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Highlighting differences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But otherwise, Democrats are confident that drawing out their differences with the new president will be a winning strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our big leverage is the public,\" Pelosi said, expressing confidence that public opinion sides with Democrats when it comes to issues like not making major changes to Medicare and Social Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are eager to draw the contrast on those sorts of topics, and see those particular wedge issues as a big reason why they won back the House and Senate in 2006, the last time Republicans held so much power in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, while Republicans like McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan are focusing on repealing Obamacare, Pelosi, Schumer and other Democrats keep talking about the possibility of wholesale Medicare changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Republicans here in Washington are gearing up for a war on seniors,\" Schumer warned at a recent Washington press conference with a \"hands off our Medicare\" message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer said Senate Democrats will give \"one heck of a hearing\" to Rep. Tom Price, Trump's pick for the Department of Health and Human Services and a longtime Medicare critic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats think they can generate a lot of positive headlines by grilling Trump's Cabinet picks. \"These are, with a few exceptions, radical nominees, the likes of which we have never seen in this country,\" said Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats see hearings as a way to continue emphasizing their key concerns about Trump, like the fact he never released his tax returns, and the ongoing question of how he'll avoid conflict-of-interest problems as president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They see Secretary of State nominee Rex Tillerson's hearing as an avenue to highlight Russia's attempt to disrupt the presidential race, and Trump's warm words toward Russian President Vladimir Putin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A big choice on Obamacare\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But highlighting contrasts can go only so far, when Republicans set the congressional agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, Democrats still face a choice. Do they do their best to block every single big initiative, or try to work with Republicans to make it more Democrat-friendly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Binder studies Congress at the Brookings Institution, and said Democrats do have leverage. \"On most measures, whether it's spending bills, deregulation, repeal Dodd-Frank. That all requires cooperation from at least eight Democrats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because while Republicans will control the Senate with 52 seats, they'll need at least 60 votes to advance bills in the chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest political calculus could be Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans can repeal the landmark law without any Democratic votes, using the budget reconciliation process that helped pass the initial law. But they'd need Democratic support in the Senate to pass a replacement plan, since the measure would be subject to filibuster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blocking any sort of replacement plan, and then trying to lay the blame for disappearing health care coverage on Trump and Republicans, would be a bold, if callous, political move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are they kind of, as a party, constitutionally adverse to that type of strategy? Many people think so,\" said Binder. \"That they just value government and legislative action too much to do that to the process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, many Democrats might want to work with Republicans to keep as much of Obamacare as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But helping give Trump a big legislative accomplishment could make him more popular. And it could anger progressive activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the responsibility of this minority of Democrats in Congress to block, obstruct, disrupt and do whatever they can,\" filmmaker Michael Moore recently argued on CNN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He issued a warning to Democrats who may consider cutting deals with Trump: \"In the same way that the Tea Party was there in 2009, myself and thousands like me are going to be at those town halls in the district in the spring. And we will primary these Democrats if they don't do their job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnings like that may be why leaders like Schumer are quick to qualify any talk about working with Trump on issues like infrastructure spending. \"When we oppose Trump on values, or if his presidency takes a dark, divisive turn, we're going to do it tooth-and-nail,\" he told ABC News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi knows Democrats all across the country are anxious. But she's urging patience as the party tries to make its case to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Somebody used the analogy of, it's like telling somebody they married the wrong person or their art is fake,\" she recently told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first scenario is something many people have seen happen to a friend or family member. The second? Maybe not as much. Still, Pelosi's point was that American voters did choose Trump and the GOP this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They bought it. They'll find out sooner or later whether they made a mistake,\" she said, arguing that it's better to let the married couple or art connoisseur make that discovery themselves, than to be told by an outside party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi has seen voters reject Democrats, come back to the party, and then reject them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she is patient enough to point out the key differences between the parties, and wait for voters to eventually come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Democrats may have lost the House and the Senate over the past eight years, but they always had one thing: President Barack Obama — and his veto pen — in the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That won't be the case next year, when Republicans find themselves with all the power in Washington for the first time since 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The capital's new power dynamic — and the aggressive agenda Republican leaders are laying out for 2017— are forcing Democrats to make some tough strategic choices about how they'll work as a minority party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The starting point in the conversation Democrats are having with themselves right now is this: Republicans in Congress spent almost all of the past eight years opposing President Obama, and they seem to have reaped a lot of political rewards for the block opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP leaders will get to set the agenda in Congress next year. And among their first orders of business will be voting on a Supreme Court nominee picked by President Donald Trump. That's after Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell rejected any hearings, let alone votes, for Obama's pick, Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi is quick and careful to reject an approach of wholesale opposition, though. She recently described Democrats' approach as \"always trying to find a place where we can find a common goal. Giving [Republicans] credit, or saving face, whatever it happens to be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would be hopeful that there are some places that we can work together,\" Pelosi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Pelosi and other Democrats talk about working with Trump, that common goal is conditional. They say Trump would have to be willing to do things \u003cem>they\u003c/em> care about — like, perhaps, following through on a promise to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it should be large. He's mentioned a trillion dollars. I told him that sounds good to me,\" incoming Senate Minority Leader \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/schumer-trumps-trillion-dollar-infrastructure-plan-sounds-good/story?id=44311598\">Chuck Schumer recently told ABC News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Highlighting differences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But otherwise, Democrats are confident that drawing out their differences with the new president will be a winning strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our big leverage is the public,\" Pelosi said, expressing confidence that public opinion sides with Democrats when it comes to issues like not making major changes to Medicare and Social Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are eager to draw the contrast on those sorts of topics, and see those particular wedge issues as a big reason why they won back the House and Senate in 2006, the last time Republicans held so much power in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, while Republicans like McConnell and House Speaker Paul Ryan are focusing on repealing Obamacare, Pelosi, Schumer and other Democrats keep talking about the possibility of wholesale Medicare changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Republicans here in Washington are gearing up for a war on seniors,\" Schumer warned at a recent Washington press conference with a \"hands off our Medicare\" message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer said Senate Democrats will give \"one heck of a hearing\" to Rep. Tom Price, Trump's pick for the Department of Health and Human Services and a longtime Medicare critic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats think they can generate a lot of positive headlines by grilling Trump's Cabinet picks. \"These are, with a few exceptions, radical nominees, the likes of which we have never seen in this country,\" said Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats see hearings as a way to continue emphasizing their key concerns about Trump, like the fact he never released his tax returns, and the ongoing question of how he'll avoid conflict-of-interest problems as president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They see Secretary of State nominee Rex Tillerson's hearing as an avenue to highlight Russia's attempt to disrupt the presidential race, and Trump's warm words toward Russian President Vladimir Putin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A big choice on Obamacare\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But highlighting contrasts can go only so far, when Republicans set the congressional agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At some point, Democrats still face a choice. Do they do their best to block every single big initiative, or try to work with Republicans to make it more Democrat-friendly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Binder studies Congress at the Brookings Institution, and said Democrats do have leverage. \"On most measures, whether it's spending bills, deregulation, repeal Dodd-Frank. That all requires cooperation from at least eight Democrats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because while Republicans will control the Senate with 52 seats, they'll need at least 60 votes to advance bills in the chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest political calculus could be Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans can repeal the landmark law without any Democratic votes, using the budget reconciliation process that helped pass the initial law. But they'd need Democratic support in the Senate to pass a replacement plan, since the measure would be subject to filibuster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blocking any sort of replacement plan, and then trying to lay the blame for disappearing health care coverage on Trump and Republicans, would be a bold, if callous, political move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Are they kind of, as a party, constitutionally adverse to that type of strategy? Many people think so,\" said Binder. \"That they just value government and legislative action too much to do that to the process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, many Democrats might want to work with Republicans to keep as much of Obamacare as they can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But helping give Trump a big legislative accomplishment could make him more popular. And it could anger progressive activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the responsibility of this minority of Democrats in Congress to block, obstruct, disrupt and do whatever they can,\" filmmaker Michael Moore recently argued on CNN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He issued a warning to Democrats who may consider cutting deals with Trump: \"In the same way that the Tea Party was there in 2009, myself and thousands like me are going to be at those town halls in the district in the spring. And we will primary these Democrats if they don't do their job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnings like that may be why leaders like Schumer are quick to qualify any talk about working with Trump on issues like infrastructure spending. \"When we oppose Trump on values, or if his presidency takes a dark, divisive turn, we're going to do it tooth-and-nail,\" he told ABC News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi knows Democrats all across the country are anxious. But she's urging patience as the party tries to make its case to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Somebody used the analogy of, it's like telling somebody they married the wrong person or their art is fake,\" she recently told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first scenario is something many people have seen happen to a friend or family member. The second? Maybe not as much. Still, Pelosi's point was that American voters did choose Trump and the GOP this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They bought it. They'll find out sooner or later whether they made a mistake,\" she said, arguing that it's better to let the married couple or art connoisseur make that discovery themselves, than to be told by an outside party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi has seen voters reject Democrats, come back to the party, and then reject them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she is patient enough to point out the key differences between the parties, and wait for voters to eventually come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oh, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year it all went to hell. The year nothing made sense. The year we lost track of reality. The year Merriam-Webster made \"surreal\" its \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/woty2016-top-looked-up-words-surreal\">word of the year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, 2016 hasn't just been awful and strange; it's become its own Debbie-Downer catchphrase. 2016 itself has \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/12/14/_2016_s_word_of_the_year_isn_t_a_word_it_s_a_number.html\">become its own meme\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where were you when you decided this would be how we remembered the year? When you decided 2016 was pure trash, utter filth, \u003ca href=\"http://www.startribune.com/dear-2016-i-made-you-this-ornament-it-s-a-dumpster-fire/402757886/\">a fire in a dumpster\u003c/a>? Was it when David Bowie died? Or when \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15394157\">Prince\u003c/a> ended his purple reign? Or when you realized that, whoever won, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/170418202/2016-presidential-election\">Election 2016\u003c/a> was going to be a hot, smoldering mess? Was it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/477687016/brexit\">Brexit\u003c/a>? Was it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/480286836/harambe\">Harambe\u003c/a>? Which terror attack did it for you? Or maybe it was when \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/06/496864737/a-u-s-senate-candidate-just-dabbed-at-the-end-of-a-debate\" target=\"_blank\">Loretta Sanchez did the dab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However you got here, citizen of the internet, rest assured, you are not alone. (I am with you. I've been calling 2016 the worst for months now.) And as this year comes to a close, many are memorializing it online by pointing out how much it sucked, how much it aged them, how much they regret it. All of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But — and this is the strange part — by many measures, 2016 wasn't nearly as bad as certain portions of the internet have made it out to be. And it surely can't be the worst year \u003cem>of all time\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the nearly 63 million voters who supported Donald Trump, maybe this \u003cem>wasn't \u003c/em>a bad year at all; their candidate won. For millions of Americans whose wages went up, or who re-entered the economy (the U.S. has enjoyed an unemployment rate under 5 percent for months), maybe their year was good, too. The vast majority of Americans lived lives free from any direct personal effects from incidences of global (or even national) terror, or wars throughout the globe (not to minimize global unrest, which is a constant, and particularly troubling this year). Multiple measures of consumer confidence, in fact, trended up this year, in spite of months full of headlines indicating a world on the brink. Of something. Or a lot of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The markets are up, too. And more people have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why then, is 2016 the worst?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, let's start with the obvious: the election. There's no need to recount it all. But it was a hot mess. Russian hacks, assertions of the size of one's manhood on a debate stage. Leaks showing national parties seeming to conspire to elect a favored candidate. FBI investigations and \u003cem>Access Hollywood\u003c/em> videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, foreign affairs. With Syria as the central flashpoint, it'd be easy to see 2016 as the year the whole world caught on fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's more than that. Some of the \"2016 is awful\" rhetoric might be about the way we all \u003cem>consumed \u003c/em>the headlines this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Mitchell, director of Journalism Research at the Pew Research Center, says what we've been witnessing in news consumption trends over the last few years has changed us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the shift to digital is presenting a news experience that is more mixed in with other kinds of activities,\" she says. \"You don't necessarily go online looking for news each and every time. Somebody shares it, somebody emails it to you, somebody texts a link. And so many Americans are bumping into the news throughout the course of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nikki Usher, a professor of media and public affairs at George Washington University, calls this recent phenomenon \"ambient journalism,\" or \"when you're constantly plugged in through social media and you're constantly online and engaged in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that — that constant bumping into news and online discord, that constant engagement — over time, it becomes an \u003cem>assault. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every five minutes, another sad headline, another Twitter mention or fight, another shared link on Facebook, another push notification. Another hit. And even if the news isn't even explicitly about us, trust, we're still taking a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/dumpster-fire-WEB.gif\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/dumpster-fire-WEB.gif\" alt=\"dumpster-fire-web\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Usher says, besides that aggression of immediacy, a lot of the headlines we consumed this year, particularly about the election, pushed a certain narrative: a nation, and even a world, completely and disastrously divided, perhaps beyond repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of crappy, bad things happen every year,\" she says, \"but you aren't told over and over again that this just shows us how bad everything is.\" And for Usher, there's no escape. \"Usually there are realms where there are types of coverage that provide a break in the kind of narrative of disrepair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not this year. The NFL was overtaken with silent, peaceful protest. Your favorite pop star probably endorsed a presidential candidate in 2016. Even the highest-grossing film of the year, \u003cem>Captain America: Civil War\u003c/em>, was a commentary on the modern national security state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But culture always reflects the time. There must be something deeper, a certain logic or pathology that would lead thousands to deem this year so awful, and to declare as much, so publicly, and consistently, online, for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the medium. Robert Hernandez, professor of journalism at the University of Southern California, says using social media to declare 2016 \"the worst ever\" is the latest example of how we use the internet: ironically, with hyperbole, and usually, with a wink and a nod.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the latest meme of the day,\" Hernandez says. \"It's the next flavor of hashtag Thanks Obama. 'Oh, I just dropped my coffee. Thanks Obama!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's how we cope,\" says Hernandez, even as he acknowledges the very act of such tweeting indicates a certain level of privilege. \"If you're on Twitter, you're on a mobile device, probably one of the newest ones, one of the new phones. [And] you're one of the few people on Twitter [relatively].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's right. For most of us, myself included, tweeting that 2016 is the worst, or even tweeting at all, is an exercise in privilege. The air in which one offers cultural criticism (including this very essay), memes and gif-able 140-character bursts, is rarefied. If your year was really the worst, you probably wouldn't be tweeting about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We weren't in this spot a few years ago — this collective, ironic, gripe-fest — during those glory days of tweeting about being bored in meetings or what you had for lunch, or being so numbingly comfortable in your own world that you put your home address on Facebook. That seems to be all over now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it's all irony, or sarcasm, or bombast. Saying 2016 is the worst online might just be us accepting that social media caught up with the lesser angels of our nature. Social media isn't nice anymore. At it's best, it's just a little flip. Now our feeds are just a record of discontent, or the performance thereof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, 2016. Sure. Let's call it the worst. But let's also acknowledge that saying 2016 is the worst on Twitter says more about the tweeter, and the medium, than perhaps about the year itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oh, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year it all went to hell. The year nothing made sense. The year we lost track of reality. The year Merriam-Webster made \"surreal\" its \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/woty2016-top-looked-up-words-surreal\">word of the year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, 2016 hasn't just been awful and strange; it's become its own Debbie-Downer catchphrase. 2016 itself has \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2016/12/14/_2016_s_word_of_the_year_isn_t_a_word_it_s_a_number.html\">become its own meme\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where were you when you decided this would be how we remembered the year? When you decided 2016 was pure trash, utter filth, \u003ca href=\"http://www.startribune.com/dear-2016-i-made-you-this-ornament-it-s-a-dumpster-fire/402757886/\">a fire in a dumpster\u003c/a>? Was it when David Bowie died? Or when \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15394157\">Prince\u003c/a> ended his purple reign? Or when you realized that, whoever won, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/170418202/2016-presidential-election\">Election 2016\u003c/a> was going to be a hot, smoldering mess? Was it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/477687016/brexit\">Brexit\u003c/a>? Was it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/480286836/harambe\">Harambe\u003c/a>? Which terror attack did it for you? Or maybe it was when \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/06/496864737/a-u-s-senate-candidate-just-dabbed-at-the-end-of-a-debate\" target=\"_blank\">Loretta Sanchez did the dab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However you got here, citizen of the internet, rest assured, you are not alone. (I am with you. I've been calling 2016 the worst for months now.) And as this year comes to a close, many are memorializing it online by pointing out how much it sucked, how much it aged them, how much they regret it. All of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But — and this is the strange part — by many measures, 2016 wasn't nearly as bad as certain portions of the internet have made it out to be. And it surely can't be the worst year \u003cem>of all time\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the nearly 63 million voters who supported Donald Trump, maybe this \u003cem>wasn't \u003c/em>a bad year at all; their candidate won. For millions of Americans whose wages went up, or who re-entered the economy (the U.S. has enjoyed an unemployment rate under 5 percent for months), maybe their year was good, too. The vast majority of Americans lived lives free from any direct personal effects from incidences of global (or even national) terror, or wars throughout the globe (not to minimize global unrest, which is a constant, and particularly troubling this year). Multiple measures of consumer confidence, in fact, trended up this year, in spite of months full of headlines indicating a world on the brink. Of something. Or a lot of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The markets are up, too. And more people have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why then, is 2016 the worst?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, let's start with the obvious: the election. There's no need to recount it all. But it was a hot mess. Russian hacks, assertions of the size of one's manhood on a debate stage. Leaks showing national parties seeming to conspire to elect a favored candidate. FBI investigations and \u003cem>Access Hollywood\u003c/em> videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, foreign affairs. With Syria as the central flashpoint, it'd be easy to see 2016 as the year the whole world caught on fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's more than that. Some of the \"2016 is awful\" rhetoric might be about the way we all \u003cem>consumed \u003c/em>the headlines this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Mitchell, director of Journalism Research at the Pew Research Center, says what we've been witnessing in news consumption trends over the last few years has changed us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the shift to digital is presenting a news experience that is more mixed in with other kinds of activities,\" she says. \"You don't necessarily go online looking for news each and every time. Somebody shares it, somebody emails it to you, somebody texts a link. And so many Americans are bumping into the news throughout the course of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nikki Usher, a professor of media and public affairs at George Washington University, calls this recent phenomenon \"ambient journalism,\" or \"when you're constantly plugged in through social media and you're constantly online and engaged in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that — that constant bumping into news and online discord, that constant engagement — over time, it becomes an \u003cem>assault. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every five minutes, another sad headline, another Twitter mention or fight, another shared link on Facebook, another push notification. Another hit. And even if the news isn't even explicitly about us, trust, we're still taking a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/dumpster-fire-WEB.gif\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/dumpster-fire-WEB.gif\" alt=\"dumpster-fire-web\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" class=\"aligncenter\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Usher says, besides that aggression of immediacy, a lot of the headlines we consumed this year, particularly about the election, pushed a certain narrative: a nation, and even a world, completely and disastrously divided, perhaps beyond repair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of crappy, bad things happen every year,\" she says, \"but you aren't told over and over again that this just shows us how bad everything is.\" And for Usher, there's no escape. \"Usually there are realms where there are types of coverage that provide a break in the kind of narrative of disrepair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not this year. The NFL was overtaken with silent, peaceful protest. Your favorite pop star probably endorsed a presidential candidate in 2016. Even the highest-grossing film of the year, \u003cem>Captain America: Civil War\u003c/em>, was a commentary on the modern national security state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But culture always reflects the time. There must be something deeper, a certain logic or pathology that would lead thousands to deem this year so awful, and to declare as much, so publicly, and consistently, online, for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the medium. Robert Hernandez, professor of journalism at the University of Southern California, says using social media to declare 2016 \"the worst ever\" is the latest example of how we use the internet: ironically, with hyperbole, and usually, with a wink and a nod.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the latest meme of the day,\" Hernandez says. \"It's the next flavor of hashtag Thanks Obama. 'Oh, I just dropped my coffee. Thanks Obama!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's how we cope,\" says Hernandez, even as he acknowledges the very act of such tweeting indicates a certain level of privilege. \"If you're on Twitter, you're on a mobile device, probably one of the newest ones, one of the new phones. [And] you're one of the few people on Twitter [relatively].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's right. For most of us, myself included, tweeting that 2016 is the worst, or even tweeting at all, is an exercise in privilege. The air in which one offers cultural criticism (including this very essay), memes and gif-able 140-character bursts, is rarefied. If your year was really the worst, you probably wouldn't be tweeting about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We weren't in this spot a few years ago — this collective, ironic, gripe-fest — during those glory days of tweeting about being bored in meetings or what you had for lunch, or being so numbingly comfortable in your own world that you put your home address on Facebook. That seems to be all over now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it's all irony, or sarcasm, or bombast. Saying 2016 is the worst online might just be us accepting that social media caught up with the lesser angels of our nature. Social media isn't nice anymore. At it's best, it's just a little flip. Now our feeds are just a record of discontent, or the performance thereof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, 2016. Sure. Let's call it the worst. But let's also acknowledge that saying 2016 is the worst on Twitter says more about the tweeter, and the medium, than perhaps about the year itself. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amazon’s personal assistant device called Echo was one of the most popular gifts this Christmas. But this week, the device grabbed headlines for another reason: Police in Arkansas are trying to use its data in a murder investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we know from \u003ca href=\"https://contexte.aoc.arkansas.gov/imaging/IMAGES/DMS/CK_Image.Present2?DMS_ID=e7db0da1-0abf-4f18-88d3-4ccb7e39e4cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court documents\u003c/a> is that in November 2015, a man in Arkansas had some friends over at his house to watch a football game. In the morning, one of the friends was found dead in a hot tub in the backyard. Police later charged the man who lived in the house, James Bates, with murder. He has pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the police were investigating the crime, they found a number of digital devices in the suspect’s house, including an Amazon Echo device that was in the kitchen. They have since seized the device and have apparently gotten some information from it, but what they want to check is what — if anything — the device may have recorded around the time of the murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the device works: Echo is always listening for the wake, or trigger, word, which is usually “Alexa.” But experts say the storage capacity on the actual device is pretty minimal, so only a tiny amount is written and then overwritten as the device listens for the wake word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the wake word is said — and the blue light ring lights up — all the spoken queries get recorded and transmitted to Amazon servers. “To be clear, Echo is only streaming audio to the cloud when the blue light is on,” says Amazon spokeswoman Kinley Pearsall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a number of Echo users have reported \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/cover_story/2016/04/alexa_cortana_and_siri_aren_t_novelties_anymore_they_re_our_terrifyingly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a creepy experience\u003c/a> of the device turning on and starting to talk without being prompted by the wake word “Alexa” — perhaps mishearing or misinterpreting conversations in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in the Arkansas murder case, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/amazon-echo-and-the-hot-tub-murder?shared=ec3cb4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first reported\u003c/a> by tech industry news site \u003cem>The Information\u003c/em>, the police may be counting on such an accidental recording or something more. They served a search warrant to Amazon for data covering two days around the time of the murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon has satisfied a portion of the request. According to court documents, the company has provided “account holder information for James Bates and purchase history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Amazon declined to share information from its servers. The company has not commented on the specific case, but issued a statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Amazon will not release customer information without a valid and binding legal demand properly served on us. Amazon objects to overbroad or otherwise inappropriate demands as a matter of course.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>All this may remind you of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/469827708/the-apple-fbi-debate-over-encryption/archive\">the Apple-FBI standoff\u003c/a> over access to a locked iPhone in the San Bernardino shooting investigation. This isn’t exactly the same kind of case, but it’s another example of law enforcement turning to a tech company for access to personal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates have long predicted a wave of these kinds of cases — as we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/12/05/504467134/despite-its-promise-the-internet-of-things-remains-vulnerable\">connect more and more things to the internet\u003c/a> and swarm our homes with digital devices, they will become involved in more crime investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, even in the Arkansas case, investigators are also using information from a smart water meter, alleging that an increase in water use in the middle of the night suggests a possible cleanup around the crime scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s going to be a more common occurrence — when the data, otherwise seemingly innocuous, could be used to draw inferences or guesses about habits and activities, says Nuala O’Connor, president and CEO of the Center for Democracy & Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just one device, it’s putting together a whole bunch of different devices to make a case that is, some would argue possibly circumstantial, some would argue is incredibly compelling. And so the question is going to be, how much data is going to be enough to make a foolproof case?” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has prompted calls for new policies and reviews of legal standards for how tech companies should comply with law enforcement and other government requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly, privacy experts say new focus will fall on how much and how long private data are kept by the companies that create so-called internet-of-things devices as they become targets of not just investigators, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/21/498861897/whats-up-with-the-internet-today-websites-lag-dont-load-for-many-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">but also hackers\u003c/a> and spy agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in the world where we really haven’t settled the law or the standard of care for companies that provide in-home devices like that,” O’Connor says. “The standards of care — as companies have more and more really specific information about what goes on inside the home — has got to be higher and higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the law, guidelines and standards are far from settled. Besides, there’s also a big difference between data ending up in the hands of the company you know you’re doing business with and ending up in the hands of the government, she says. Plus — at least this case is actually following proper court procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A much larger concern I think for the country is … how much is the government asking for this behind closed doors” — including for investigations into people who haven’t been charged with any crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon’s personal assistant device called Echo was one of the most popular gifts this Christmas. But this week, the device grabbed headlines for another reason: Police in Arkansas are trying to use its data in a murder investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we know from \u003ca href=\"https://contexte.aoc.arkansas.gov/imaging/IMAGES/DMS/CK_Image.Present2?DMS_ID=e7db0da1-0abf-4f18-88d3-4ccb7e39e4cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court documents\u003c/a> is that in November 2015, a man in Arkansas had some friends over at his house to watch a football game. In the morning, one of the friends was found dead in a hot tub in the backyard. Police later charged the man who lived in the house, James Bates, with murder. He has pleaded not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the police were investigating the crime, they found a number of digital devices in the suspect’s house, including an Amazon Echo device that was in the kitchen. They have since seized the device and have apparently gotten some information from it, but what they want to check is what — if anything — the device may have recorded around the time of the murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how the device works: Echo is always listening for the wake, or trigger, word, which is usually “Alexa.” But experts say the storage capacity on the actual device is pretty minimal, so only a tiny amount is written and then overwritten as the device listens for the wake word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the wake word is said — and the blue light ring lights up — all the spoken queries get recorded and transmitted to Amazon servers. “To be clear, Echo is only streaming audio to the cloud when the blue light is on,” says Amazon spokeswoman Kinley Pearsall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a number of Echo users have reported \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/cover_story/2016/04/alexa_cortana_and_siri_aren_t_novelties_anymore_they_re_our_terrifyingly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a creepy experience\u003c/a> of the device turning on and starting to talk without being prompted by the wake word “Alexa” — perhaps mishearing or misinterpreting conversations in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in the Arkansas murder case, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.theinformation.com/amazon-echo-and-the-hot-tub-murder?shared=ec3cb4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first reported\u003c/a> by tech industry news site \u003cem>The Information\u003c/em>, the police may be counting on such an accidental recording or something more. They served a search warrant to Amazon for data covering two days around the time of the murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon has satisfied a portion of the request. According to court documents, the company has provided “account holder information for James Bates and purchase history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Amazon declined to share information from its servers. The company has not commented on the specific case, but issued a statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Amazon will not release customer information without a valid and binding legal demand properly served on us. Amazon objects to overbroad or otherwise inappropriate demands as a matter of course.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>All this may remind you of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/469827708/the-apple-fbi-debate-over-encryption/archive\">the Apple-FBI standoff\u003c/a> over access to a locked iPhone in the San Bernardino shooting investigation. This isn’t exactly the same kind of case, but it’s another example of law enforcement turning to a tech company for access to personal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy advocates have long predicted a wave of these kinds of cases — as we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/12/05/504467134/despite-its-promise-the-internet-of-things-remains-vulnerable\">connect more and more things to the internet\u003c/a> and swarm our homes with digital devices, they will become involved in more crime investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, even in the Arkansas case, investigators are also using information from a smart water meter, alleging that an increase in water use in the middle of the night suggests a possible cleanup around the crime scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s going to be a more common occurrence — when the data, otherwise seemingly innocuous, could be used to draw inferences or guesses about habits and activities, says Nuala O’Connor, president and CEO of the Center for Democracy & Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just one device, it’s putting together a whole bunch of different devices to make a case that is, some would argue possibly circumstantial, some would argue is incredibly compelling. And so the question is going to be, how much data is going to be enough to make a foolproof case?” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has prompted calls for new policies and reviews of legal standards for how tech companies should comply with law enforcement and other government requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Particularly, privacy experts say new focus will fall on how much and how long private data are kept by the companies that create so-called internet-of-things devices as they become targets of not just investigators, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/21/498861897/whats-up-with-the-internet-today-websites-lag-dont-load-for-many-in-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">but also hackers\u003c/a> and spy agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in the world where we really haven’t settled the law or the standard of care for companies that provide in-home devices like that,” O’Connor says. “The standards of care — as companies have more and more really specific information about what goes on inside the home — has got to be higher and higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the law, guidelines and standards are far from settled. Besides, there’s also a big difference between data ending up in the hands of the company you know you’re doing business with and ending up in the hands of the government, she says. Plus — at least this case is actually following proper court procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A much larger concern I think for the country is … how much is the government asking for this behind closed doors” — including for investigations into people who haven’t been charged with any crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Beyond Fake News: 2016's Most Disruptive Media Moments",
"title": "Beyond Fake News: 2016's Most Disruptive Media Moments",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Here's the biggest understatement of the year: 2016 was the most disruptive moment the mainstream American news media have faced in a very long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not because so many media outlets misread the presidential election, although that is part of it. And it's not just because so-called fake news has become a genuine issue, prompting Facebook and other social media outlets to address fraudulent items formatted to look like legitimate news reports — a long-needed change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's because a number of disturbing trends eating away at the effectiveness of modern news media came to a head in this year's election. And — in a response that seems strikingly similar to how news outlets struggled with early disruption from the internet — mainstream news outlets still don't appear to be responding very effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, I pull together a list of moments that most affected media over the previous 12 months, looking at events like the rise of viral videos capturing police shootings or the staggering fall of NBC News anchor Brian Williams. This year, there's a single moment with many implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The election of Donald Trump as president is my top media moment in 2016, of course. And the list of reasons why his campaign and victory matter for media also highlight the challenges at the very core of how journalism operates in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #1: Trust.\u003c/strong> This was a year in which tough reporting by mainstream news outlets often seemed to have limited impact on the opinions of voters. And I don't think it's a coincidence that's it's also the year in which mainstream news outlets had their worst polling on trust in modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallup revealed in September that \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/195542/americans-trust-mass-media-sinks-new-low.aspx\">trust in news media had sunk to its lowest levels in their history of polling on this question\u003c/a>. Just 32 percent of those polled said they had a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the news media \"to report the news accurately and fairly.\" That's down from 40 percent last year, 50 percent in 2005 and 72 percent in 1976, when investigative journalism was still on a pedestal following the Watergate scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bad as those numbers are, they are worse among those who identify as Republicans. The September Gallup report found just 14 percent of Republicans polled expressed trust in media, down from 32 percent last year. \"This is easily the lowest confidence among Republicans in 20 years,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This polling ties into an analysis the Pew Research Center presented in 2014, which suggests \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalism.org/2014/10/21/political-polarization-media-habits/\">people who identify as consistent conservatives consume news differently from those who say they're consistent liberals\u003c/a>. Consistent conservatives tended to cluster news consumption around one news source they trusted, with 47 percent of those polled citing Fox News Channel as their main source of news for government and politics. Consistent liberals were more likely to get their news from an array of trusted sources, including CNN (15 percent), the New York Times (10 percent) and NPR (13 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small wonder that political conservatives have built an alternative media structure focused on news and information that speak more directly to the priorities, values and fears of their group. That structure includes TV outlets like Fox News, online outlets like Breitbart.com, Alex Jones' Infowars and The Daily Caller, radio hosts like Rush Limbaugh and Hugh Hewitt, and authors like Ann Coulter. Liberal-friendly media outlets such as MSNBC and the Huffington Post also speak to liberal values, but I believe the news consumption patterns cited by Pew show that those audiences also consume news sources outside that circle regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, as mainstream news outlets tried to break tough stories on Trump and Democratic challenger Hillary Clinton, they faced a news audience that included a significant number of people who distrusted their reporting. Some were consuming news on platforms that elevated that mistrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it's telling that the stories that seemed to hurt Trump the most during the campaign were stories largely based on an unfiltered presentation of what he said. In particular, video leaked from an old \u003cem>Access Hollywood\u003c/em> tape -- featuring Trump talking crudely off camera about making sexual advances toward women -- made a tremendous impact, in part because it was his words presented to the audience without much analysis required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #2: Bias and Credibility.\u003c/strong> Critics have accused some mainstream media outlets of political bias favoring liberals, but I think the biases that most affect mainstream journalism are different. They include a bias toward being the first to report a story, particularly if it has a big public impact; a bias toward ratings and revenue; a bias toward celebrity, conflict and scandal. Any of these biases can cause big problems if left unchecked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction to conflict and desire to reach a divided audience brought some head-scratching decisions. CNN's decision to hire Trump's former campaign manager, Corey Lewandowski, even when it wasn't clear if he was still on the candidate's payroll or significantly involved with his campaign, was disappointing. The frequency of political arguments between partisans filling up time that could have been used for reporting on policy issues, particularly on cable TV, was also a mistake. Emails released by Wikileaks, showing that Democratic party official Donna Brazile may have funneled advance information about questions from CNN's events to Clinton's campaign, showed the dangers inherent in hiring people who are active players in the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What has hurt mainstream media particularly is a mistrust that it can provide honest brokers — people who, even if they are political pundits expressing opinions, can be fair to all sides of an argument. In an environment where so much trust is already gone, moves by mainstream outlets that chip away at their status as honest brokers seem unwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because interest in the election has also fueled a rise in news consumption — \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/brettedkins/2016/12/01/donald-trumps-election-delivers-massive-ratings-for-cable-news/#9a956c9321c9\">cable news channels in particular saw huge double-digit ratings increases from last year\u003c/a> — news outlets haven't yet paid a significant price economically for any missteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #3: Normalizing racism and sexism.\u003c/strong> Given that Trump's electoral success has emboldened some white nationalists and racists who endorsed him, news media outlets face the challenging task of reporting on these issues and groups without inadvertently helping them recruit more followers or make their racist views seem more acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR faced that challenge when interviewing Breitbart senior editor-at-large Joel Pollak about questions that the site has been a platform for the racist \"alt-right\" movement. Pollak called the reporting and commentary on race and culture by our Code Switch team \"racist,\" while also pushing back against questions about a Breitbart piece on the Confederate flag that denied the Confederacy was attempting to \"enforce slavery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Host Steve Inskeep did a great job asking fair questions of Pollak, but the issues at hand are so complex, as a listener I was thirsty for a longer, more detailed dialogue that more deeply probed these allegations. NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik delivered a story that offered that level of reporting and probing, which is very difficult to capture in a single interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #4: Democratization of news through social media.\u003c/strong> The wonderful thing about social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter is that they can level the playing field and reduce the power of media gatekeepers. Anyone with an insightful observation or information about a newsworthy issue can reach the world directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that democratization creates an environment that can also allow fake news to spread. Beyond that, this leveled playing field can also reduce the value of the experience and expertise of reporters, make opinions and facts look like the same thing and make ideologically skewed reports look equal to more objective reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's development of a system to identify fake news is promising. But the fact that mainstream news organizations even have to deal with this remains disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Beyond+Fake+News%3A+2016%27s+Most+Disruptive+Media+Moments&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here's the biggest understatement of the year: 2016 was the most disruptive moment the mainstream American news media have faced in a very long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not because so many media outlets misread the presidential election, although that is part of it. And it's not just because so-called fake news has become a genuine issue, prompting Facebook and other social media outlets to address fraudulent items formatted to look like legitimate news reports — a long-needed change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's because a number of disturbing trends eating away at the effectiveness of modern news media came to a head in this year's election. And — in a response that seems strikingly similar to how news outlets struggled with early disruption from the internet — mainstream news outlets still don't appear to be responding very effectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, I pull together a list of moments that most affected media over the previous 12 months, looking at events like the rise of viral videos capturing police shootings or the staggering fall of NBC News anchor Brian Williams. This year, there's a single moment with many implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The election of Donald Trump as president is my top media moment in 2016, of course. And the list of reasons why his campaign and victory matter for media also highlight the challenges at the very core of how journalism operates in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #1: Trust.\u003c/strong> This was a year in which tough reporting by mainstream news outlets often seemed to have limited impact on the opinions of voters. And I don't think it's a coincidence that's it's also the year in which mainstream news outlets had their worst polling on trust in modern history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallup revealed in September that \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/195542/americans-trust-mass-media-sinks-new-low.aspx\">trust in news media had sunk to its lowest levels in their history of polling on this question\u003c/a>. Just 32 percent of those polled said they had a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the news media \"to report the news accurately and fairly.\" That's down from 40 percent last year, 50 percent in 2005 and 72 percent in 1976, when investigative journalism was still on a pedestal following the Watergate scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bad as those numbers are, they are worse among those who identify as Republicans. The September Gallup report found just 14 percent of Republicans polled expressed trust in media, down from 32 percent last year. \"This is easily the lowest confidence among Republicans in 20 years,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This polling ties into an analysis the Pew Research Center presented in 2014, which suggests \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalism.org/2014/10/21/political-polarization-media-habits/\">people who identify as consistent conservatives consume news differently from those who say they're consistent liberals\u003c/a>. Consistent conservatives tended to cluster news consumption around one news source they trusted, with 47 percent of those polled citing Fox News Channel as their main source of news for government and politics. Consistent liberals were more likely to get their news from an array of trusted sources, including CNN (15 percent), the New York Times (10 percent) and NPR (13 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small wonder that political conservatives have built an alternative media structure focused on news and information that speak more directly to the priorities, values and fears of their group. That structure includes TV outlets like Fox News, online outlets like Breitbart.com, Alex Jones' Infowars and The Daily Caller, radio hosts like Rush Limbaugh and Hugh Hewitt, and authors like Ann Coulter. Liberal-friendly media outlets such as MSNBC and the Huffington Post also speak to liberal values, but I believe the news consumption patterns cited by Pew show that those audiences also consume news sources outside that circle regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means, as mainstream news outlets tried to break tough stories on Trump and Democratic challenger Hillary Clinton, they faced a news audience that included a significant number of people who distrusted their reporting. Some were consuming news on platforms that elevated that mistrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it's telling that the stories that seemed to hurt Trump the most during the campaign were stories largely based on an unfiltered presentation of what he said. In particular, video leaked from an old \u003cem>Access Hollywood\u003c/em> tape -- featuring Trump talking crudely off camera about making sexual advances toward women -- made a tremendous impact, in part because it was his words presented to the audience without much analysis required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #2: Bias and Credibility.\u003c/strong> Critics have accused some mainstream media outlets of political bias favoring liberals, but I think the biases that most affect mainstream journalism are different. They include a bias toward being the first to report a story, particularly if it has a big public impact; a bias toward ratings and revenue; a bias toward celebrity, conflict and scandal. Any of these biases can cause big problems if left unchecked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction to conflict and desire to reach a divided audience brought some head-scratching decisions. CNN's decision to hire Trump's former campaign manager, Corey Lewandowski, even when it wasn't clear if he was still on the candidate's payroll or significantly involved with his campaign, was disappointing. The frequency of political arguments between partisans filling up time that could have been used for reporting on policy issues, particularly on cable TV, was also a mistake. Emails released by Wikileaks, showing that Democratic party official Donna Brazile may have funneled advance information about questions from CNN's events to Clinton's campaign, showed the dangers inherent in hiring people who are active players in the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What has hurt mainstream media particularly is a mistrust that it can provide honest brokers — people who, even if they are political pundits expressing opinions, can be fair to all sides of an argument. In an environment where so much trust is already gone, moves by mainstream outlets that chip away at their status as honest brokers seem unwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because interest in the election has also fueled a rise in news consumption — \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/brettedkins/2016/12/01/donald-trumps-election-delivers-massive-ratings-for-cable-news/#9a956c9321c9\">cable news channels in particular saw huge double-digit ratings increases from last year\u003c/a> — news outlets haven't yet paid a significant price economically for any missteps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #3: Normalizing racism and sexism.\u003c/strong> Given that Trump's electoral success has emboldened some white nationalists and racists who endorsed him, news media outlets face the challenging task of reporting on these issues and groups without inadvertently helping them recruit more followers or make their racist views seem more acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR faced that challenge when interviewing Breitbart senior editor-at-large Joel Pollak about questions that the site has been a platform for the racist \"alt-right\" movement. Pollak called the reporting and commentary on race and culture by our Code Switch team \"racist,\" while also pushing back against questions about a Breitbart piece on the Confederate flag that denied the Confederacy was attempting to \"enforce slavery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Host Steve Inskeep did a great job asking fair questions of Pollak, but the issues at hand are so complex, as a listener I was thirsty for a longer, more detailed dialogue that more deeply probed these allegations. NPR media correspondent David Folkenflik delivered a story that offered that level of reporting and probing, which is very difficult to capture in a single interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Issue #4: Democratization of news through social media.\u003c/strong> The wonderful thing about social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter is that they can level the playing field and reduce the power of media gatekeepers. Anyone with an insightful observation or information about a newsworthy issue can reach the world directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that democratization creates an environment that can also allow fake news to spread. Beyond that, this leveled playing field can also reduce the value of the experience and expertise of reporters, make opinions and facts look like the same thing and make ideologically skewed reports look equal to more objective reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's development of a system to identify fake news is promising. But the fact that mainstream news organizations even have to deal with this remains disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Beyond+Fake+News%3A+2016%27s+Most+Disruptive+Media+Moments&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Aren't There More Women in Tech? A Tour of Silicon Valley's Leaky Pipeline",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported by Latino USA in collaboration with \u003c/em>All Tech Considered\u003cem>. The audio version of this story \u003ca href=\"http://latinousa.org/episode/tech-industrys-leaky-pipeline/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aired earlier\u003c/a> on Latino USA; it is embedded below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Micaela Honorato is looking from the sidelines as boys from her after-school program take turns racing their handmade hovercraft on a dirt field in a city park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These remote-controlled cardboard devices are less “hover” and more “skid-along,” as the teacher Abraham Orozco puts it. Today, the middle-school kids are contending for the fastest spin around four traffic cones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Micaela is a tall 12-year-old with a serious and focused gaze. She quietly awaits her turn, then concentrates on the controls. At 16.36 seconds, she takes the lead in the competition.[contextly_sidebar id=”Xz88pYE8OoicLTB6a4FHf2PrRdvR6y3W”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This after-school program is called HOLA — which stands for “\u003ca href=\"http://heartofla.org/\">Heart of Los Angeles\u003c/a>” — and it serves the city’s Rampart District, where nearly all residents live in poverty. The vast majority of HOLA’s participants are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over nearly 30 years, the program has helped hundreds go to college. A handful of students from Orozco’s scientific arts program at HOLA have pursued successful technical careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Orozco says a lot of his students shy away from the tech industry, despite technical talents: They don’t want jobs with any economic risk — something quite common for work at a startup or in computer science in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Leak in the Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s even harder to get girls interested. At HOLA, younger kids don’t get to choose their classes, but programs become elective for high school students. Orozco’s scientific arts program is “girl-heavy” in elementary and middle school, he says. At the high school level, only two of his 13 students are girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is one of the clear leaks of the talent pipeline that feeds workers to the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Year after year, Silicon Valley companies have been criticized for their slow process in employing more women and other underrepresented groups, which for tech are black and Latino. And often, they say they simply can’t find enough qualified workers to hire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you go through the tech talent “pipeline” to find where it leaks, HOLA illustrates a major one. Somewhere between middle school and high school graduation, girls’ interest in tech peaks and wanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the line, women make up roughly half \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/Computer_information_technology_2014.htm\">of U.S. workers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-gender/?currentTimeframe=0\">of the U.S. population\u003c/a> — but on average represent less than a third of tech companies’ employees. For black and Hispanic workers, the numbers drop into single digits: These groups tend to comprise 3 percent or less of tech companies’ employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/07/19/486511816/why-some-diversity-thinkers-arent-buying-the-tech-industrys-excuses\">it’s not just technical\u003c/a> fields, but all staff and leadership roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The MySpace Gateway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempting to reverse-engineer interest in tech, we asked women in a Slack group for Latinos in tech called \u003ca href=\"https://techqueria.org/\">Techquería\u003c/a>: How did you first get into it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surprising number of women replied: MySpace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The now-arcane social network allowed for a lot of customization — users could mess with the color schemes, fonts, add bells and whistles by tinkering with the source code. The site’s popularity in the mid-2000s introduced many middle- and high school girls to basic HTML.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalia Icedo was the queen of cool MySpace designs: She got so good at customizing profiles that she created a whole separate page where other people could get her themes. “I would change the color scheme literally every day, probably,” she says, “because I was 12, I had nothing else to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skills came in handy after high school, when she started an online shop to sell things like band pins and earrings — and began tinkering with visuals that bugged her, like margins that felt too wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I started to just go into the code and started to see a lot of the HTML and CSS that I had learned before. And then from there I just started to pick up JavaScript,” says Icedo, who is in college and wants to become a UX (user experience) designer in Silicon Valley. “It gave me a lot more confidence of being able to pick up coding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Consumer/Creator Breakdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, social media is no less popular than 10 years ago — and girls \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/\">are more avid users\u003c/a> than boys, especially on Snapchat and Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as technology has become more user-friendly, it’s also become less customizable — even grandparents can use Facebook, but how many of us understand how it works? And talking with young girls, few are drawing the connection between using popular apps and thinking that they could program them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2015/nsf15326/pdf/tab11.pdf\">number of women\u003c/a> studying math and computer science in college peaked in the 1980s — even as overall, women receive the growing majority of bachelor’s degrees. NPR’s Planet Money podcast \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2014/10/21/357629765/when-women-stopped-coding\">dug into this phenomenon\u003c/a>, zeroing in on the year 1984:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Personal computers started showing up in U.S. homes in significant numbers. These early personal computers weren’t much more than toys. … And these toys were marketed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CDkHs4lzUo\">almost\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxNjx_VWJ8U\">entirely\u003c/a> to men and boys. This idea that computers are for boys became a narrative.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Now, both the corporate marketers and the diversity activists have been trying to figure out the sensitive matter of how to market tech \u003cem>to \u003c/em>girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line between “girly” and \u003cem>“\u003c/em>for girls” can be thin. What matters is what girls can actually do with the technology, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/deldelp-medina/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deldelp Medina\u003c/a>, co-founder of Latina-focused accelerator Avion Ventures, who’s now at tech diversity nonprofit Code2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small pink computer isn’t terrible per se, Medina argues: Smaller keyboards are actually nice to prevent carpal tunnel in smaller hands. What’s insulting is if this computer comes with less processing power, memory or useful software than a regular one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Women and everybody who’s currently underrepresented in the tech industry has to gain those skill sets, because otherwise, it will not go well for any of us.’ \u003ccite>Deldelp Medina, on the tech-worker shortage\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There’s a difference,” she says, “between wanting to celebrate your femininity and shrinking and pinking something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mentorship Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Targeting girls with technology can get thorny. But Andrea Guendelman, creator of Latinos-in-tech social network \u003ca href=\"https://www.bevisible.soy/\">BeVisible\u003c/a>, says one — if not the only — thing that works is mentorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 2014, Jazmine Fernandez was one of the young women in the Girls Who Code program. Being raised by a single mother and sisters, Fernandez knew there’s little women can’t do. But when she heard she got placed at Facebook, Fernandez felt intimidated — excited, but mostly scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when I went, there was just a lot of …” Her voice trails off. “There was … how do I say this?” Her mentor, Raquel Vélez, steps in: “There weren’t a lot people who looked like you, huh?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernandez heard Vélez give a talk at Facebook headquarters, and she made a huge impression: Latinas \u003cem>can\u003c/em> get jobs in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my favorite quotes ever is, ‘You can’t be it if you can’t see it,’ ” says Vélez, engineering manager at software company NPM. “Believe me, I have like 25 mentors, and it’s the only way I can make it through, because so often I’m the only one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernandez is now studying computer science at San Francisco State University. She expects the field to always be a struggle. In one of her classes, a guy once basically tried to argue that girls can’t code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to be Latina in tech, Vélez says you have to work four times as hard. “I like to think about it as, I walked in the back door, so that I could open the front door for everybody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The End of the Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where mentorship particularly comes into play is at the end of the pipeline, where underrepresented groups struggle to \u003cem>get\u003c/em> hired and \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> hired. Silicon Valley is a boys’ club whose networks tend to stay white, male and affluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One company trying to break the cycle is Atipica. It has built a computer program to sift through resumes — skipping human managers to avoid hiring biases, like subconscious discrimination based on a last name or school attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atipica’s isn’t the only resume-reading artificial intelligence. But often, algorithms reflect the biases of humans who write them. Atipica CEO Laura Gomez says her company specifically focused on designing an unbiased AI. (Neither Gomez, nor her clients, which include Slack, agreed to discuss how well Atipica’s program works.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago-based Opternative offers another example of tackling diversity head-on. It’s a startup that lets people do their own eye exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Opternative operates like many other startups, relying on referrals from its existing employees. Yet it’s grown into a \u003ca href=\"https://www.opternative.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pretty diverse group\u003c/a> because from the get-go, its team wasn’t just white guys and it views diversity of life experiences as an asset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Blind Spot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the tricky part: While both companies get high marks for being racially diverse, gender remains a blind spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atipica, a Latina-run company, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.atipica.co/pages/about/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one other female employee\u003c/a>. Opternative’s technical team has women on the design side and in junior positions, but all four of its senior engineers — the leaders and decision-makers — are male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez and Opternative CTO Ayo Jimoh say the women they’ve seen apply for their job openings were under-qualified. It’s effectively the pipeline argument. Jimoh’s diagnosis is that people self-select — they don’t want to pursue careers that are stacked against them, they need role models, success stories of others like them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So then, who is responsible for creating those role models? Couldn’t Jimoh or Gomez, for example, spend extra time to find a female senior engineer or promote from within?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a part of me that says, let me me show,” says Gomez, “but I have to put my business first and foremost.” Jimoh, too, says he has to balance that responsibility for equity with his other responsibilities “to my company, to my team, to myself, to my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, the push for diversity in tech is still so new, it’s often treated as a cause or a mission — and fighting for a cause and running a business aren’t the same. At the end of the day, Atipica and Opternative weren’t founded to heal Silicon Valley’s diversity problem — but to fill what they see as a market need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And these are small companies — the gender balance of staff is even harder to shift at massive ships like Facebook or Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few companies, such as Intel and Twitter, have recently started releasing hiring goals, putting diversity in quantifiable terms. The targets aren’t lofty, but they’re specific, public — presumably someone’s measurable responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future of the Economy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, there’s a new challenge. As Donald Trump takes over as president of the United States, diversity advocates \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2016/11/why_u_s_companies_are_now_the_most_prominent_progressive_force_in_america.html\">are worried about a push\u003c/a> against the very concept of promoting multiculturalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we need to double-down on diversity and inclusion, quite frankly,” says Daisy Dominguez-Auger, global head of diversity at Google. “Companies are going to have to take a stronger look at what their practices are … in a much more collaborative way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fundamentally, the Trump administration’s economic policy is expected to focus heavily on manufacturing jobs. One of the first conversations Trump had with a tech leader after the election was a call with Apple CEO Tim Cook, in which Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/11/23/13732082/trump-tim-cook-phone-call-apple-manufacturing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushed for Apple\u003c/a> to build plants in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what we know, Trump has yet to address the shortage of skilled tech workers. And many economists predict that’s a major challenge for the future of America: The \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/12/20/artificial-intelligence-automation-and-economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economy of the future\u003c/a> is one where almost everyone has to interact with computers and code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversity advocate Medina says sidelining large swaths of the population from the tech industry is no way to make sure America isn’t left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have a jobs deficit that is so huge, that if we don’t fill it, we’re going to have severe economic consequences,” she says. “Women and everybody who’s currently underrepresented in the tech industry has to gain those skill sets, because otherwise, it will not go well for any of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Latino USA’s Jeanne Montalvo, Noam Hassenfeld and Julia Shu contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Aren%27t+There+More+Women+In+Tech%3F+A+Tour+Of+Silicon+Valley%27s+Leaky+Pipeline&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was reported by Latino USA in collaboration with \u003c/em>All Tech Considered\u003cem>. The audio version of this story \u003ca href=\"http://latinousa.org/episode/tech-industrys-leaky-pipeline/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aired earlier\u003c/a> on Latino USA; it is embedded below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Micaela Honorato is looking from the sidelines as boys from her after-school program take turns racing their handmade hovercraft on a dirt field in a city park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These remote-controlled cardboard devices are less “hover” and more “skid-along,” as the teacher Abraham Orozco puts it. Today, the middle-school kids are contending for the fastest spin around four traffic cones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Micaela is a tall 12-year-old with a serious and focused gaze. She quietly awaits her turn, then concentrates on the controls. At 16.36 seconds, she takes the lead in the competition.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This after-school program is called HOLA — which stands for “\u003ca href=\"http://heartofla.org/\">Heart of Los Angeles\u003c/a>” — and it serves the city’s Rampart District, where nearly all residents live in poverty. The vast majority of HOLA’s participants are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over nearly 30 years, the program has helped hundreds go to college. A handful of students from Orozco’s scientific arts program at HOLA have pursued successful technical careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Orozco says a lot of his students shy away from the tech industry, despite technical talents: They don’t want jobs with any economic risk — something quite common for work at a startup or in computer science in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Leak in the Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s even harder to get girls interested. At HOLA, younger kids don’t get to choose their classes, but programs become elective for high school students. Orozco’s scientific arts program is “girl-heavy” in elementary and middle school, he says. At the high school level, only two of his 13 students are girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this is one of the clear leaks of the talent pipeline that feeds workers to the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Year after year, Silicon Valley companies have been criticized for their slow process in employing more women and other underrepresented groups, which for tech are black and Latino. And often, they say they simply can’t find enough qualified workers to hire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you go through the tech talent “pipeline” to find where it leaks, HOLA illustrates a major one. Somewhere between middle school and high school graduation, girls’ interest in tech peaks and wanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the line, women make up roughly half \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/wb/stats/Computer_information_technology_2014.htm\">of U.S. workers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-gender/?currentTimeframe=0\">of the U.S. population\u003c/a> — but on average represent less than a third of tech companies’ employees. For black and Hispanic workers, the numbers drop into single digits: These groups tend to comprise 3 percent or less of tech companies’ employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/07/19/486511816/why-some-diversity-thinkers-arent-buying-the-tech-industrys-excuses\">it’s not just technical\u003c/a> fields, but all staff and leadership roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The MySpace Gateway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempting to reverse-engineer interest in tech, we asked women in a Slack group for Latinos in tech called \u003ca href=\"https://techqueria.org/\">Techquería\u003c/a>: How did you first get into it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surprising number of women replied: MySpace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The now-arcane social network allowed for a lot of customization — users could mess with the color schemes, fonts, add bells and whistles by tinkering with the source code. The site’s popularity in the mid-2000s introduced many middle- and high school girls to basic HTML.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalia Icedo was the queen of cool MySpace designs: She got so good at customizing profiles that she created a whole separate page where other people could get her themes. “I would change the color scheme literally every day, probably,” she says, “because I was 12, I had nothing else to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skills came in handy after high school, when she started an online shop to sell things like band pins and earrings — and began tinkering with visuals that bugged her, like margins that felt too wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I started to just go into the code and started to see a lot of the HTML and CSS that I had learned before. And then from there I just started to pick up JavaScript,” says Icedo, who is in college and wants to become a UX (user experience) designer in Silicon Valley. “It gave me a lot more confidence of being able to pick up coding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Consumer/Creator Breakdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, social media is no less popular than 10 years ago — and girls \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology-2015/\">are more avid users\u003c/a> than boys, especially on Snapchat and Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as technology has become more user-friendly, it’s also become less customizable — even grandparents can use Facebook, but how many of us understand how it works? And talking with young girls, few are drawing the connection between using popular apps and thinking that they could program them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/statistics/2015/nsf15326/pdf/tab11.pdf\">number of women\u003c/a> studying math and computer science in college peaked in the 1980s — even as overall, women receive the growing majority of bachelor’s degrees. NPR’s Planet Money podcast \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2014/10/21/357629765/when-women-stopped-coding\">dug into this phenomenon\u003c/a>, zeroing in on the year 1984:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Personal computers started showing up in U.S. homes in significant numbers. These early personal computers weren’t much more than toys. … And these toys were marketed \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CDkHs4lzUo\">almost\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxNjx_VWJ8U\">entirely\u003c/a> to men and boys. This idea that computers are for boys became a narrative.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Now, both the corporate marketers and the diversity activists have been trying to figure out the sensitive matter of how to market tech \u003cem>to \u003c/em>girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The line between “girly” and \u003cem>“\u003c/em>for girls” can be thin. What matters is what girls can actually do with the technology, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/deldelp-medina/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deldelp Medina\u003c/a>, co-founder of Latina-focused accelerator Avion Ventures, who’s now at tech diversity nonprofit Code2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small pink computer isn’t terrible per se, Medina argues: Smaller keyboards are actually nice to prevent carpal tunnel in smaller hands. What’s insulting is if this computer comes with less processing power, memory or useful software than a regular one.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Women and everybody who’s currently underrepresented in the tech industry has to gain those skill sets, because otherwise, it will not go well for any of us.’ \u003ccite>Deldelp Medina, on the tech-worker shortage\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There’s a difference,” she says, “between wanting to celebrate your femininity and shrinking and pinking something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mentorship Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Targeting girls with technology can get thorny. But Andrea Guendelman, creator of Latinos-in-tech social network \u003ca href=\"https://www.bevisible.soy/\">BeVisible\u003c/a>, says one — if not the only — thing that works is mentorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 2014, Jazmine Fernandez was one of the young women in the Girls Who Code program. Being raised by a single mother and sisters, Fernandez knew there’s little women can’t do. But when she heard she got placed at Facebook, Fernandez felt intimidated — excited, but mostly scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when I went, there was just a lot of …” Her voice trails off. “There was … how do I say this?” Her mentor, Raquel Vélez, steps in: “There weren’t a lot people who looked like you, huh?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernandez heard Vélez give a talk at Facebook headquarters, and she made a huge impression: Latinas \u003cem>can\u003c/em> get jobs in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my favorite quotes ever is, ‘You can’t be it if you can’t see it,’ ” says Vélez, engineering manager at software company NPM. “Believe me, I have like 25 mentors, and it’s the only way I can make it through, because so often I’m the only one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fernandez is now studying computer science at San Francisco State University. She expects the field to always be a struggle. In one of her classes, a guy once basically tried to argue that girls can’t code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to be Latina in tech, Vélez says you have to work four times as hard. “I like to think about it as, I walked in the back door, so that I could open the front door for everybody else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The End of the Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where mentorship particularly comes into play is at the end of the pipeline, where underrepresented groups struggle to \u003cem>get\u003c/em> hired and \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> hired. Silicon Valley is a boys’ club whose networks tend to stay white, male and affluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One company trying to break the cycle is Atipica. It has built a computer program to sift through resumes — skipping human managers to avoid hiring biases, like subconscious discrimination based on a last name or school attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atipica’s isn’t the only resume-reading artificial intelligence. But often, algorithms reflect the biases of humans who write them. Atipica CEO Laura Gomez says her company specifically focused on designing an unbiased AI. (Neither Gomez, nor her clients, which include Slack, agreed to discuss how well Atipica’s program works.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago-based Opternative offers another example of tackling diversity head-on. It’s a startup that lets people do their own eye exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Opternative operates like many other startups, relying on referrals from its existing employees. Yet it’s grown into a \u003ca href=\"https://www.opternative.com/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pretty diverse group\u003c/a> because from the get-go, its team wasn’t just white guys and it views diversity of life experiences as an asset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Blind Spot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the tricky part: While both companies get high marks for being racially diverse, gender remains a blind spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atipica, a Latina-run company, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.atipica.co/pages/about/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one other female employee\u003c/a>. Opternative’s technical team has women on the design side and in junior positions, but all four of its senior engineers — the leaders and decision-makers — are male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gomez and Opternative CTO Ayo Jimoh say the women they’ve seen apply for their job openings were under-qualified. It’s effectively the pipeline argument. Jimoh’s diagnosis is that people self-select — they don’t want to pursue careers that are stacked against them, they need role models, success stories of others like them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So then, who is responsible for creating those role models? Couldn’t Jimoh or Gomez, for example, spend extra time to find a female senior engineer or promote from within?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a part of me that says, let me me show,” says Gomez, “but I have to put my business first and foremost.” Jimoh, too, says he has to balance that responsibility for equity with his other responsibilities “to my company, to my team, to myself, to my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, the push for diversity in tech is still so new, it’s often treated as a cause or a mission — and fighting for a cause and running a business aren’t the same. At the end of the day, Atipica and Opternative weren’t founded to heal Silicon Valley’s diversity problem — but to fill what they see as a market need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And these are small companies — the gender balance of staff is even harder to shift at massive ships like Facebook or Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few companies, such as Intel and Twitter, have recently started releasing hiring goals, putting diversity in quantifiable terms. The targets aren’t lofty, but they’re specific, public — presumably someone’s measurable responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Future of the Economy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now, there’s a new challenge. As Donald Trump takes over as president of the United States, diversity advocates \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/business/moneybox/2016/11/why_u_s_companies_are_now_the_most_prominent_progressive_force_in_america.html\">are worried about a push\u003c/a> against the very concept of promoting multiculturalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we need to double-down on diversity and inclusion, quite frankly,” says Daisy Dominguez-Auger, global head of diversity at Google. “Companies are going to have to take a stronger look at what their practices are … in a much more collaborative way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fundamentally, the Trump administration’s economic policy is expected to focus heavily on manufacturing jobs. One of the first conversations Trump had with a tech leader after the election was a call with Apple CEO Tim Cook, in which Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/11/23/13732082/trump-tim-cook-phone-call-apple-manufacturing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushed for Apple\u003c/a> to build plants in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what we know, Trump has yet to address the shortage of skilled tech workers. And many economists predict that’s a major challenge for the future of America: The \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/12/20/artificial-intelligence-automation-and-economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">economy of the future\u003c/a> is one where almost everyone has to interact with computers and code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversity advocate Medina says sidelining large swaths of the population from the tech industry is no way to make sure America isn’t left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have a jobs deficit that is so huge, that if we don’t fill it, we’re going to have severe economic consequences,” she says. “Women and everybody who’s currently underrepresented in the tech industry has to gain those skill sets, because otherwise, it will not go well for any of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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