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"content": "\u003cp>Life expectancy in the U.S. fell in 2021, for the second year in a row. It was the biggest drop in almost 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, someone born in the U.S. had a life expectancy of nearly 80 years. In 202o, because of the pandemic, that dropped to 77 years. In 2021 life-span dropped again — to 76.1 years. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr023.pdf\">for some Americans, life expectancy is even lower, according to a provisional analysis\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results of this study are very disturbing,” says \u003ca href=\"https://familymedicine.vcu.edu/about/directories/steven-woolf-md-mph.html\">Dr. Steven Woolf,\u003c/a> a professor of population health and health equity at Virginia Commonwealth University. “This shows that U.S. life expectancy in 2021 was even lower than in 2020,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other high-income countries have seen a rebound in life expectancy, which Woolf says makes the U.S. results, “all the more tragic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most dramatic drops in life expectancy in 2021 was among American Indian and Alaskan Native people. Between 2020 and 2021 the life expectancy for this group fell by almost two years, from 67.1 in 2020 to 65.2 in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s horrific,” Woolf says. “The losses in the Native American population have been terrible during the COVID-19 pandemic. And it reflects a lot of barriers that tribal communities face in getting access to care,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Americans also saw a larger decrease in life expectancy in 2021 than Black and Hispanic Americans. This was the reverse of what happened in 2020 when Hispanic Americans saw a 4 year decline and Black Americans saw a 3 year drop. Life expectancy for white Americans declined by a year in 2021 to 76.4. Black Americans saw a 0.7 year decline to 70.8 years, Hispanic Americans saw a 0.2 year decline to 77.7 years. Asian Americans saw a 0.1 year decline to 83.5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf says the greater drop in life expectancy for white Americans could reflect attitudes in some parts of the country to vaccines and pandemic control measures. The U.S. health care system is fragmented he points out — public health is determined by the states, which means there were 50 different pandemic response plans. The states which were more relaxed about COVID restrictions and have lower vaccination rates saw higher excess deaths during the delta and omicron surges than states which had more aggressive vaccination campaigns, masking and other mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">Death rates from COVID-19 in counties that went heavily for Donald Trump saw higher death rates\u003c/a> than counties that favored President Biden, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">an NPR analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Injuries, heart disease, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and suicide also contributed to the life expectancy decline. Increases in unintentional injuries in 2021 were largely driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/20/1112331075/u-s-death-toll-from-drug-overdoses-is-rising-fast-among-black-and-indigenous-peo\">drug overdose deaths which increased during the pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The COVID-19 pandemic has in effect wiped out the health gains that the U.S. has made in the 20th century,” says John Haaga, a member of Maryland’s Commission on Aging. “To have this second year of crash basically wiping out the meager gains made during the century is really pretty shocking,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has been lagging for years in making improvements in things like heart disease — the country’s number one killer — and the life expectancy gap between the U.S. and other countries has been growing for decades, Haaga says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of much poorer countries do much better than us in life expectancy,” he says. “It’s not genetics, it’s that we have been falling behind for 50 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Life+expectancy+in+the+U.S.+continues+to+drop%2C+driven+by+COVID-19&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Life expectancy in the U.S. fell in 2021, for the second year in a row. It was the biggest drop in almost 100 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, someone born in the U.S. had a life expectancy of nearly 80 years. In 202o, because of the pandemic, that dropped to 77 years. In 2021 life-span dropped again — to 76.1 years. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/vsrr/vsrr023.pdf\">for some Americans, life expectancy is even lower, according to a provisional analysis\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results of this study are very disturbing,” says \u003ca href=\"https://familymedicine.vcu.edu/about/directories/steven-woolf-md-mph.html\">Dr. Steven Woolf,\u003c/a> a professor of population health and health equity at Virginia Commonwealth University. “This shows that U.S. life expectancy in 2021 was even lower than in 2020,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other high-income countries have seen a rebound in life expectancy, which Woolf says makes the U.S. results, “all the more tragic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most dramatic drops in life expectancy in 2021 was among American Indian and Alaskan Native people. Between 2020 and 2021 the life expectancy for this group fell by almost two years, from 67.1 in 2020 to 65.2 in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s horrific,” Woolf says. “The losses in the Native American population have been terrible during the COVID-19 pandemic. And it reflects a lot of barriers that tribal communities face in getting access to care,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White Americans also saw a larger decrease in life expectancy in 2021 than Black and Hispanic Americans. This was the reverse of what happened in 2020 when Hispanic Americans saw a 4 year decline and Black Americans saw a 3 year drop. Life expectancy for white Americans declined by a year in 2021 to 76.4. Black Americans saw a 0.7 year decline to 70.8 years, Hispanic Americans saw a 0.2 year decline to 77.7 years. Asian Americans saw a 0.1 year decline to 83.5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf says the greater drop in life expectancy for white Americans could reflect attitudes in some parts of the country to vaccines and pandemic control measures. The U.S. health care system is fragmented he points out — public health is determined by the states, which means there were 50 different pandemic response plans. The states which were more relaxed about COVID restrictions and have lower vaccination rates saw higher excess deaths during the delta and omicron surges than states which had more aggressive vaccination campaigns, masking and other mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">Death rates from COVID-19 in counties that went heavily for Donald Trump saw higher death rates\u003c/a> than counties that favored President Biden, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1098543849/pro-trump-counties-continue-to-suffer-far-higher-covid-death-tolls\">an NPR analysis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Injuries, heart disease, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis and suicide also contributed to the life expectancy decline. Increases in unintentional injuries in 2021 were largely driven by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/20/1112331075/u-s-death-toll-from-drug-overdoses-is-rising-fast-among-black-and-indigenous-peo\">drug overdose deaths which increased during the pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The COVID-19 pandemic has in effect wiped out the health gains that the U.S. has made in the 20th century,” says John Haaga, a member of Maryland’s Commission on Aging. “To have this second year of crash basically wiping out the meager gains made during the century is really pretty shocking,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Suppressing Wildfires May Be Making the Western Fire Crisis Worse",
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"content": "\u003cp>ASHLAND, Ore. — Jason Fischer watches a firefighting chopper scoop a big bucket of water out of the Klamath River, as it douses hotspots on the McKinney Fire in remote Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flames threatening his sixth-generation cattle farm, Fischer looks across the narrow river canyon at a steep, charred mountainside. All the trees are blackened silhouettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His face twists into a scowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This whole fire we knew ... it was a bomb,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the forests on the other side of the river burned was the Haystack Fire in 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And after that, they never did anything to manage the land, so all that grew back was brush,\" Fischer says. \"The brush was 10 feet high, so one little spark when it's 113 degrees outside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fischer's frustration is one you hear a lot in this corner of the West, especially where the timber industry — once mighty — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/674612113/rethinking-the-past-in-the-aftermath-of-california-s-deadly-wildfires\">has largely shut down\u003c/a>. The forests are neglected, not being managed, the saying goes. Environmental laws prevent them from being thinned or logged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are tired and worn out from the downturn of the timber industry and the poverty and lack of funds and lack of action,\" says Larry Alexander, director of the Northern California Resource Center in nearby Fort Jones, Calif. \"Then they look up and see everything burn up, and so they get angry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information\">burned about six million acres\u003c/a> of land so far this year, mostly in the West and Alaska. Due to prior forest management decisions, including a century or more of suppressing wildfires, Alexander says many forests are a tinder box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe drought and prolonged heatwaves — now more common with climate change — have exacerbated the problem. Yet Alexander and other foresters on the ground in Western states say there are finally signs that the needle is starting to move away from full fire suppression and toward more upfront mitigation and prevention work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Really good timing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a ridge, a couple thousand feet above Jason Fischer's farm, Clint Isbell, the fire ecologist for the Klamath National Forest, is looking across at the same forested land with a bit more optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We put in these strategic fuel breaks that you can see across the landscape,\" he says, pointing to the west into a brisk wind. \"A lot of them are on ridges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. taxpayers recently paid to bulldoze and clear out these \"strategic fuel breaks,\" which are built with the intention of slowing down a fire before it reaches homes, communities and critical infrastructure such as powerlines. The idea is that firefighters can then try to at least make a stand in places like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A years-long, 10,000-acre hazardous fuels reduction project, including thinning in these rugged mountains and canyons, is ongoing. And to the east, down the mountainside, another federally funded project paid to clear out brush on private land around the perimeter of the town of Yreka, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, that last project was completed just three days before the McKinney Fire ignited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yeah, really good timing,\" Isbell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency believes this upfront work may have helped firefighters tackle the McKinney Fire, which is believed to have destroyed more than 100 homes and killed four people. But despite fears, it didn't turn into as bad of an inferno as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/05/1025127666/paradise-dixie-fire-camp-fire-wildfire-paradise-california\">last summer's Dixie Fire\u003c/a>, which burned more than one million acres in northeastern California, or the\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/20/1099625787/new-mexico-wildfire-sparks-backlash-against-controlled-burns-thats-bad-for-the-w\"> Calf Canyon-Hermits Peak Fire\u003c/a> earlier this year that became the largest in New Mexico's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't do anything about drought, it's climate change,\" says Nickie Johnny, an incident commander who managed the McKinney and Calf Canyon fires this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is growing acknowledgement among veteran managers that these modern wildfires burning amid record heat waves and extreme drought can never be stopped by firefighters alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just have to figure out how we're going to get out ahead of it or what we're going to do in the aftermath of it,\" Johnny says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent hot afternoon, as more red flag warnings for extreme fire danger came into effect, Johnny took stock of the conditions that led up to elite teams like hers having to respond to Siskiyou County, Calif., where the McKinney was just one of several fires burning this August. While still too early to assess fully, she suspected some of the upfront mitigation work may have allowed her crews to position in safer places. That allowed them to begin digging a line around the perimeter of parts of the fire, eventually helping to contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in extreme drought made worse by climate change, Johnny says preparation work can only go so far. Now the U.S. government and other agencies like Cal Fire have no choice but to throw everything they can at the crisis in the moment. There's just too much at risk, she says, from lives and property to critical watersheds for cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, 3,700 firefighters responded to the McKinney Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been focusing on fire suppression [in California] for the last three years because that's where the need is,\" Johnny says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stopping fires is making things worse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some say we've backed ourselves into this corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters are really good at suppressing almost every wildfire on initial attack, only a few — 3% or less — of ignitions get away and turn into large blazes like McKinney. But every time they stop one, don't they just leave more fuel on the ground for the next fire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conundrum is often described as the fire paradox. And there's no easy solution, says forestry professor Andrew Sanchez Meador, who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://eri.nau.edu/\">Ecological Restoration Institute\u003c/a> at Northern Arizona University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took us 150 years to get into this problem , so it's not a problem we're going to get ourselves out of quickly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sanchez Meador is encouraged by what he sees is a paradigm shift starting to happen in the nation's hulking firefighting program, sometimes even dubbed the fire-industrial complex. Last year, the U.S. government \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/statistics/suppression-costs\">spent a record $4.3 billion\u003c/a> on fire suppression. But there are now tens of millions of federal and state dollars also going toward upfront mitigation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Allow fires to happen without killing everything \u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just over the mountains from Yreka, Calif., near the historic gold mining town of Jacksonville, Ore., smoke and haze from the McKinney Fire hangs in the air as Rich Fairbanks steers his small pickup up a winding mountain highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forests with dense stands of trees line the road, up to 300 packed into an acre in places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The people that are responsible for the safety of a fire crew, they don't like that at all,\" Fairbanks says looking up toward the dark woods. \" They cannot see that spot fire starting up behind them and maybe trapping their crew.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairbanks is a retired U.S. Forest Service firefighter who now runs a small forestry company. They got a grant from the new Infrastructure Law that could make a big difference here. Further up the road, crews have already thinned out trees from private land that's peppered with homes and small outbuildings. The trees are stacked in piles awaiting to be burned this Fall when it's cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea is to make it so that the fires still happen, but they don't kill everything, and burn people up in their cars for heaven's sakes,\" Fairbanks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thinning is also intended to create a bigger buffer around this already existing fire break — the highway. Fairbanks says a wildfire is probably inevitable here, but a catastrophic blaze with a chaotic evacuation along this road doesn't have to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This [project] is a good use of tax dollars in my opinion,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone along this road signed up for the free treatments. Fairbanks also is encouraged by what he sees as a paradigm shift in state and federal agencies toward prioritizing work like this, and among Westerners who are starting to understand they have to learn to live with wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people still don't get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, there are politicians who make hay out of saying, 'They should put out every single fire all the time forever,' which is just really dumb,\" Fairbanks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For foresters like him, a smarter path is the upfront work like this. It takes longer and doesn't make for dramatic headlines. But it might at least make some of these modern wildfires manageable again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+suppressing+wildfires+may+be+making+the+Western+fire+crisis+worse&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The U.S. is spending record money suppressing wildfires that are only getting more deadly and severe with climate change. But there are signs the needle is moving toward more upfront prevention work.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>ASHLAND, Ore. — Jason Fischer watches a firefighting chopper scoop a big bucket of water out of the Klamath River, as it douses hotspots on the McKinney Fire in remote Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flames threatening his sixth-generation cattle farm, Fischer looks across the narrow river canyon at a steep, charred mountainside. All the trees are blackened silhouettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His face twists into a scowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This whole fire we knew ... it was a bomb,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the forests on the other side of the river burned was the Haystack Fire in 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And after that, they never did anything to manage the land, so all that grew back was brush,\" Fischer says. \"The brush was 10 feet high, so one little spark when it's 113 degrees outside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fischer's frustration is one you hear a lot in this corner of the West, especially where the timber industry — once mighty — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/674612113/rethinking-the-past-in-the-aftermath-of-california-s-deadly-wildfires\">has largely shut down\u003c/a>. The forests are neglected, not being managed, the saying goes. Environmental laws prevent them from being thinned or logged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are tired and worn out from the downturn of the timber industry and the poverty and lack of funds and lack of action,\" says Larry Alexander, director of the Northern California Resource Center in nearby Fort Jones, Calif. \"Then they look up and see everything burn up, and so they get angry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information\">burned about six million acres\u003c/a> of land so far this year, mostly in the West and Alaska. Due to prior forest management decisions, including a century or more of suppressing wildfires, Alexander says many forests are a tinder box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe drought and prolonged heatwaves — now more common with climate change — have exacerbated the problem. Yet Alexander and other foresters on the ground in Western states say there are finally signs that the needle is starting to move away from full fire suppression and toward more upfront mitigation and prevention work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Really good timing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a ridge, a couple thousand feet above Jason Fischer's farm, Clint Isbell, the fire ecologist for the Klamath National Forest, is looking across at the same forested land with a bit more optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We put in these strategic fuel breaks that you can see across the landscape,\" he says, pointing to the west into a brisk wind. \"A lot of them are on ridges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. taxpayers recently paid to bulldoze and clear out these \"strategic fuel breaks,\" which are built with the intention of slowing down a fire before it reaches homes, communities and critical infrastructure such as powerlines. The idea is that firefighters can then try to at least make a stand in places like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A years-long, 10,000-acre hazardous fuels reduction project, including thinning in these rugged mountains and canyons, is ongoing. And to the east, down the mountainside, another federally funded project paid to clear out brush on private land around the perimeter of the town of Yreka, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remarkably, that last project was completed just three days before the McKinney Fire ignited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yeah, really good timing,\" Isbell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency believes this upfront work may have helped firefighters tackle the McKinney Fire, which is believed to have destroyed more than 100 homes and killed four people. But despite fears, it didn't turn into as bad of an inferno as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/05/1025127666/paradise-dixie-fire-camp-fire-wildfire-paradise-california\">last summer's Dixie Fire\u003c/a>, which burned more than one million acres in northeastern California, or the\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/20/1099625787/new-mexico-wildfire-sparks-backlash-against-controlled-burns-thats-bad-for-the-w\"> Calf Canyon-Hermits Peak Fire\u003c/a> earlier this year that became the largest in New Mexico's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't do anything about drought, it's climate change,\" says Nickie Johnny, an incident commander who managed the McKinney and Calf Canyon fires this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is growing acknowledgement among veteran managers that these modern wildfires burning amid record heat waves and extreme drought can never be stopped by firefighters alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just have to figure out how we're going to get out ahead of it or what we're going to do in the aftermath of it,\" Johnny says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent hot afternoon, as more red flag warnings for extreme fire danger came into effect, Johnny took stock of the conditions that led up to elite teams like hers having to respond to Siskiyou County, Calif., where the McKinney was just one of several fires burning this August. While still too early to assess fully, she suspected some of the upfront mitigation work may have allowed her crews to position in safer places. That allowed them to begin digging a line around the perimeter of parts of the fire, eventually helping to contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in extreme drought made worse by climate change, Johnny says preparation work can only go so far. Now the U.S. government and other agencies like Cal Fire have no choice but to throw everything they can at the crisis in the moment. There's just too much at risk, she says, from lives and property to critical watersheds for cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, 3,700 firefighters responded to the McKinney Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been focusing on fire suppression [in California] for the last three years because that's where the need is,\" Johnny says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stopping fires is making things worse\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some say we've backed ourselves into this corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters are really good at suppressing almost every wildfire on initial attack, only a few — 3% or less — of ignitions get away and turn into large blazes like McKinney. But every time they stop one, don't they just leave more fuel on the ground for the next fire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This conundrum is often described as the fire paradox. And there's no easy solution, says forestry professor Andrew Sanchez Meador, who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://eri.nau.edu/\">Ecological Restoration Institute\u003c/a> at Northern Arizona University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took us 150 years to get into this problem , so it's not a problem we're going to get ourselves out of quickly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sanchez Meador is encouraged by what he sees is a paradigm shift starting to happen in the nation's hulking firefighting program, sometimes even dubbed the fire-industrial complex. Last year, the U.S. government \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/statistics/suppression-costs\">spent a record $4.3 billion\u003c/a> on fire suppression. But there are now tens of millions of federal and state dollars also going toward upfront mitigation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Allow fires to happen without killing everything \u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just over the mountains from Yreka, Calif., near the historic gold mining town of Jacksonville, Ore., smoke and haze from the McKinney Fire hangs in the air as Rich Fairbanks steers his small pickup up a winding mountain highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forests with dense stands of trees line the road, up to 300 packed into an acre in places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The people that are responsible for the safety of a fire crew, they don't like that at all,\" Fairbanks says looking up toward the dark woods. \" They cannot see that spot fire starting up behind them and maybe trapping their crew.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fairbanks is a retired U.S. Forest Service firefighter who now runs a small forestry company. They got a grant from the new Infrastructure Law that could make a big difference here. Further up the road, crews have already thinned out trees from private land that's peppered with homes and small outbuildings. The trees are stacked in piles awaiting to be burned this Fall when it's cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea is to make it so that the fires still happen, but they don't kill everything, and burn people up in their cars for heaven's sakes,\" Fairbanks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thinning is also intended to create a bigger buffer around this already existing fire break — the highway. Fairbanks says a wildfire is probably inevitable here, but a catastrophic blaze with a chaotic evacuation along this road doesn't have to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This [project] is a good use of tax dollars in my opinion,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone along this road signed up for the free treatments. Fairbanks also is encouraged by what he sees as a paradigm shift in state and federal agencies toward prioritizing work like this, and among Westerners who are starting to understand they have to learn to live with wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people still don't get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, there are politicians who make hay out of saying, 'They should put out every single fire all the time forever,' which is just really dumb,\" Fairbanks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For foresters like him, a smarter path is the upfront work like this. It takes longer and doesn't make for dramatic headlines. But it might at least make some of these modern wildfires manageable again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+suppressing+wildfires+may+be+making+the+Western+fire+crisis+worse&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "student-loan-forgiveness-is-politically-popular-but-not-all-democrats-are-on-board",
"title": "Student Loan Forgiveness Is Politically Popular. But Not All Democrats Are On Board",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1118879917/student-loan-forgiveness-biden\">announcement \u003c/a>to forgive up to $10,000 in federal student loan debt and up to $20,000 for Pell Grant recipients has ignited enthusiasm from progressive Democrats lawmakers. But the plan’s high cost has put some moderate Democratic candidates on edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wednesday announcement builds on the momentum from Biden’s summer successes of passing major legislation on climate, health care and veterans benefits. And it comes just a few months before the midterm elections — at a time when Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/\">approval rating\u003c/a> has been hovering around 38%, though according to polling from Gallup in the days just before the announcement, he’s enjoying \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/398117/biden-job-rating-rises-highest-year.aspx\">an uptick to 44%, his highest in a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move impacts 43 million borrowers, and particularly targets Black borrowers, who, on average, need to take out more loans to pay for higher education, and take longer to pay it back compared to their white counterparts. Overall, it’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/bidens-move-cancel-student-debt-popular-rcna44658\">politically popular\u003c/a> decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats needed this,” Andre Perry, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, told NPR. “I tend to believe people who deliver policy will win the day. … We’re months away and Biden is building momentum at the right time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans immediately spoke out against student debt forgiveness after Biden’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Biden’s student loan socialism is a slap in the face to every family who sacrificed to save for college, every graduate who paid their debt, and every American who chose a certain career path or volunteered to serve in our Armed Forces in order to avoid taking on debt,” Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said. “This policy is astonishingly unfair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has said to Republicans that he won’t apologize for taking steps to help middle- and lower-income Americans. And the White House further pushed their stance with a viral \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/1562916200866267138?s=20&t=oTidCQB3jvR_hbo4kNUFOw\">tweet thread\u003c/a> posted Thursday night, targeting Republican lawmakers who took out Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans from earlier in the pandemic. Those loans, though, were not designed to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/27/990888476/did-emergency-p-p-p-loans-work-nearly-800-billion-later-we-still-dont-know\">paid back\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the skepticism isn’t just coming from the GOP. Moderate Democrats, particularly those in tight Senate races this year, have also expressed concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ohio Senate candidate Rep. Tim Ryan, a Democrat, said Wednesday that the plan sends the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/08/24/student-loan-forgiveness-democrat-tim-ryan-criticizes-biden-plan/65418390007/\">wrong message” \u003c/a>to Ohioans who don’t have a college degree. Ryan is up against Trump-backed Republican J.D. Vance in one of the tightest Senate races in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>There’s also concern about how much the plan will cost\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another concern is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/25/1119480758/the-economic-arguments-for-and-against-bidens-student-debt-relief-plans\">sheer cost\u003c/a> of forgiving student debt. \u003ca href=\"https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/8/26/biden-student-loan-forgiveness\">Estimates from the University of Pennsylvania\u003c/a> show the plan could cost around $1 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet, who is up for reelection, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/burgessev/status/1562527467273072640?s=20&t=7mKTDasMsh2o3CbyikEBQw\">Wednesday\u003c/a> that the White House should have laid out a more targeted plan, and a way to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While immediate relief to families is important, one-time debt cancellation does not solve the underlying problem,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.bennet.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=9568BC88-E5CA-469A-B22A-2BBFD1B1A364\">Bennet said\u003c/a>. “Moving forward, we need to reform the system that got us here in the first place with solutions to bring down the absurd cost of college. … And we need to continue our work to build career pathways to economic security for every American, including those who choose not to pursue a two or four-year degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennet’s opponent, Joe O’Dea, wrote in an email to supporters: “Joe Biden’s student loan forgiveness scheme doesn’t erase the debt. It puts $300 billion of new debt on the backs of working Americans. The debt is a national crisis. This compounds it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some experts say it’s still a political win for Biden\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite pushback from Republicans and some Democrats, Perry says youth voter turnout due to debt forgiveness will make a critical difference in the election. And he adds the argument that forgiving student loan debt is “unfair” likely won’t cause voters to flip on a candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It certainly energizes young people and people with student loan debt, which also includes many Republicans. I think this will have more of a unifying effect than any negative politics consequences he may face,” Perry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall, it’s a political win for Biden because he’s delivering on his promises, he has a chance to pick up on some moderate Republicans who have debt. … This is a universal issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry also says that even groups and lawmakers who are calling for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/26/1119568495/does-bidens-student-loan-plan-do-enough-for-black-graduates\">more debt cancellation\u003c/a> will have to applaud Biden’s announcement and stay connected to the president, which he says is a “crafty” move from the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominique Baker, a professor at Southern Methodist University and expert in education policy, said that while there isn’t enough research to say how this debt cancellation policy will play out politically, previous research shows that student loan forgiveness does have a “material improvement” on peoples’ lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see that people are more easily able to move around the country, they are earning more money, they are able to reduce the share of defaults that they have on things like credit cards and other types of loans,” Baker said. “It feels like one of the best ways to govern is to try to do things to improve peoples’ lives, and then make sure people know that you did things to improve their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker added that because Biden included more debt forgiveness for Pell Grant recipients in particular, the benefits will extend more to Black and Latinx borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And among some borrowers, it’s providing a bit of hope — and potentially motivation to go to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like a beacon of hope in field of hopelessness when everything else is going wrong,” Sean Wiggs, a junior at UNC Charlotte and a digital strategist for Gen-Z for Change, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Biden’s announcement, Wiggs will have some of his debt forgiven and he says it’s a good first step — and one that he thinks will motivate his peers to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people who may have been apathetic about voting saying, hey, if the government actually works for me, then why would I not go and vote? ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Student+loan+forgiveness+is+politically+popular.+But+not+all+Democrats+are+on+board&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1118879917/student-loan-forgiveness-biden\">announcement \u003c/a>to forgive up to $10,000 in federal student loan debt and up to $20,000 for Pell Grant recipients has ignited enthusiasm from progressive Democrats lawmakers. But the plan’s high cost has put some moderate Democratic candidates on edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wednesday announcement builds on the momentum from Biden’s summer successes of passing major legislation on climate, health care and veterans benefits. And it comes just a few months before the midterm elections — at a time when Biden’s \u003ca href=\"https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-approval-rating/\">approval rating\u003c/a> has been hovering around 38%, though according to polling from Gallup in the days just before the announcement, he’s enjoying \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/398117/biden-job-rating-rises-highest-year.aspx\">an uptick to 44%, his highest in a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move impacts 43 million borrowers, and particularly targets Black borrowers, who, on average, need to take out more loans to pay for higher education, and take longer to pay it back compared to their white counterparts. Overall, it’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/bidens-move-cancel-student-debt-popular-rcna44658\">politically popular\u003c/a> decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats needed this,” Andre Perry, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, told NPR. “I tend to believe people who deliver policy will win the day. … We’re months away and Biden is building momentum at the right time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans immediately spoke out against student debt forgiveness after Biden’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Biden’s student loan socialism is a slap in the face to every family who sacrificed to save for college, every graduate who paid their debt, and every American who chose a certain career path or volunteered to serve in our Armed Forces in order to avoid taking on debt,” Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell said. “This policy is astonishingly unfair.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has said to Republicans that he won’t apologize for taking steps to help middle- and lower-income Americans. And the White House further pushed their stance with a viral \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/1562916200866267138?s=20&t=oTidCQB3jvR_hbo4kNUFOw\">tweet thread\u003c/a> posted Thursday night, targeting Republican lawmakers who took out Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans from earlier in the pandemic. Those loans, though, were not designed to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/27/990888476/did-emergency-p-p-p-loans-work-nearly-800-billion-later-we-still-dont-know\">paid back\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the skepticism isn’t just coming from the GOP. Moderate Democrats, particularly those in tight Senate races this year, have also expressed concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ohio Senate candidate Rep. Tim Ryan, a Democrat, said Wednesday that the plan sends the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/08/24/student-loan-forgiveness-democrat-tim-ryan-criticizes-biden-plan/65418390007/\">wrong message” \u003c/a>to Ohioans who don’t have a college degree. Ryan is up against Trump-backed Republican J.D. Vance in one of the tightest Senate races in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>There’s also concern about how much the plan will cost\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another concern is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/25/1119480758/the-economic-arguments-for-and-against-bidens-student-debt-relief-plans\">sheer cost\u003c/a> of forgiving student debt. \u003ca href=\"https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2022/8/26/biden-student-loan-forgiveness\">Estimates from the University of Pennsylvania\u003c/a> show the plan could cost around $1 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet, who is up for reelection, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/burgessev/status/1562527467273072640?s=20&t=7mKTDasMsh2o3CbyikEBQw\">Wednesday\u003c/a> that the White House should have laid out a more targeted plan, and a way to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While immediate relief to families is important, one-time debt cancellation does not solve the underlying problem,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.bennet.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?id=9568BC88-E5CA-469A-B22A-2BBFD1B1A364\">Bennet said\u003c/a>. “Moving forward, we need to reform the system that got us here in the first place with solutions to bring down the absurd cost of college. … And we need to continue our work to build career pathways to economic security for every American, including those who choose not to pursue a two or four-year degree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennet’s opponent, Joe O’Dea, wrote in an email to supporters: “Joe Biden’s student loan forgiveness scheme doesn’t erase the debt. It puts $300 billion of new debt on the backs of working Americans. The debt is a national crisis. This compounds it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some experts say it’s still a political win for Biden\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite pushback from Republicans and some Democrats, Perry says youth voter turnout due to debt forgiveness will make a critical difference in the election. And he adds the argument that forgiving student loan debt is “unfair” likely won’t cause voters to flip on a candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It certainly energizes young people and people with student loan debt, which also includes many Republicans. I think this will have more of a unifying effect than any negative politics consequences he may face,” Perry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall, it’s a political win for Biden because he’s delivering on his promises, he has a chance to pick up on some moderate Republicans who have debt. … This is a universal issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry also says that even groups and lawmakers who are calling for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/26/1119568495/does-bidens-student-loan-plan-do-enough-for-black-graduates\">more debt cancellation\u003c/a> will have to applaud Biden’s announcement and stay connected to the president, which he says is a “crafty” move from the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominique Baker, a professor at Southern Methodist University and expert in education policy, said that while there isn’t enough research to say how this debt cancellation policy will play out politically, previous research shows that student loan forgiveness does have a “material improvement” on peoples’ lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see that people are more easily able to move around the country, they are earning more money, they are able to reduce the share of defaults that they have on things like credit cards and other types of loans,” Baker said. “It feels like one of the best ways to govern is to try to do things to improve peoples’ lives, and then make sure people know that you did things to improve their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baker added that because Biden included more debt forgiveness for Pell Grant recipients in particular, the benefits will extend more to Black and Latinx borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And among some borrowers, it’s providing a bit of hope — and potentially motivation to go to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like a beacon of hope in field of hopelessness when everything else is going wrong,” Sean Wiggs, a junior at UNC Charlotte and a digital strategist for Gen-Z for Change, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Biden’s announcement, Wiggs will have some of his debt forgiven and he says it’s a good first step — and one that he thinks will motivate his peers to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people who may have been apathetic about voting saying, hey, if the government actually works for me, then why would I not go and vote? ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Student+loan+forgiveness+is+politically+popular.+But+not+all+Democrats+are+on+board&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "biden-is-canceling-up-to-10k-in-student-loans-20k-for-pell-grant-recipients",
"title": "Biden Is Canceling up to $10K in Student Loans, $20K for Pell Grant Recipients",
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"headTitle": "Biden Is Canceling up to $10K in Student Loans, $20K for Pell Grant Recipients | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated August 24, 2022 at 1:18 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, President Biden announced a sweeping effort to forgive up to $20,000 of federal student loan debt for Pell Grant recipients, and up to $10,000 for other qualifying borrowers. Biden also extended the federal student loan payment pause through Dec. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In keeping with my campaign promise, my Administration is announcing a plan to give working and middle class families breathing room as they prepare to resume federal student loan payments in January 2023,” Biden said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/potus/status/1562462774969581570?s=21&t=UJK9CIR6nRX0gqdWgMR-mw\">tweet\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside postID=news_11923443 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/Biden-Student-Debt-1020x678.jpg']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona said in a statement, “Today, we’re delivering targeted relief that will help ensure borrowers are not placed in a worse position financially because of the pandemic, and restore trust in a system that should be creating opportunity, not a debt trap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify for the $10,000 forgiveness, individual borrowers must earn less than $125,000 a year, or less than $250,000 a year for couples. To qualify for the $20,000 forgiveness, borrowers must meet those income requirements and must have received a Pell Grant in college. Pell Grants are designed to \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/types/grants/pell\">help low-income students\u003c/a> pay for higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Education estimates that, among borrowers who are no longer in school, nearly 90% of relief dollars will go to those earning less than $75,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 43 million borrowers will benefit, and 20 million will have their debt completely canceled, according to a senior administration official. The White House said more than 60% of current federal student loan borrowers also received Pell Grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NPR/status/1562472935138664448\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to benefit from this announcement, most borrowers will have to submit an application to verify their income. The Education Department said nearly 8 million borrowers already have income information on file, and should qualify to have their debts canceled automatically. The department will announce further details on how borrowers can claim this relief in the weeks ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some borrowers are celebrating, others hoped for more\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many borrowers are celebrating Biden’s announcement: Giselle Parks of Orlando, Florida, expects to have her $5,000 in student loan debt completely erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"student-loans\"]“Holy cow,” she said. “Holy cow… I need to tell my family immediately!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trianna Downing in D.C. said she was in shock. “I can’t even process it yet… At first I was, like, dancing, and then I was like, wait, should I log into my account and see if it actually happened?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downing expects her debts to drop from $16,000 to $6,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some higher-debt borrowers were left disappointed, especially after a group of House and Senate Democrats \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/warren-schumer-pressley-colleagues-president-biden-can-and-should-use-executive-action-to-cancel-up-to-50000-in-federal-student-loan-debt-immediately\">had called on Biden\u003c/a> to cancel $50,000 in federal student debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to be excited about it,” says Briana Ford of Columbia, S.C. She owes almost $60,000 in student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t give it back, but it’s hard to be excited about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans aren’t too excited either. They’ve long argued against broad-based loan forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a slap in the face to those who never went to college, as well as borrowers who upheld their responsibility to taxpayers and paid back their loans,” said Rep. Virginia Foxx of North Carolina, the top Republican on the House Education Committee, in a Tuesday night statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many economists and higher education experts also opposed the move, arguing that widespread debt cancellation would do nothing to fix the rising costs of college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crfb.org/blogs/means-testing-student-debt-cancellation-still-costly-and-regressive\">In a May analysis\u003c/a>, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimated a policy like the one Biden announced would cost at least $230 billion, and warned that even income limits “would do almost nothing to alleviate the central issues with the policy, namely that it is regressive, inflationary, expensive, and would likely do more to increase the cost of higher education going forward than to reduce it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will it make inflation worse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Experts have expressed concern that broad-based student loan forgiveness would exacerbate inflation, which is already one of Biden’s greatest political weaknesses heading into this fall’s midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Student loan debt relief is spending that raises demand and increases inflation,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LHSummers/status/1561701544600428545?s=20&t=_cyMqGhYgwtjk-FRQ0undQ\">tweeted\u003c/a> former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It consumes resources that could be better used helping those who did not, for whatever reason, have the chance to attend college. It will also tend to be inflationary by raising tuitions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers’ opposition stirred considerable dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to tell a pretty bizarre story about expectations in order for loan forgiveness to boost inflation,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dynarski/status/1562219895240237057\">responded\u003c/a> Susan Dynarski, an economist and professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one has been making student loan payments for two years. Forgiveness will *not* increase cash flow to borrowers right now. That increase in available cash happened *2 years ago* when payments were suspended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Borrowers have been waiting years for loan forgiveness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The loan forgiveness announcement comes more than two years after then-presidential candidate Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1241869418981920769?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1241869418981920769%7Ctwgr%5Ef647c8db378a99325f87dac930be8cb62765aa1e%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F12%2F07%2F1062070001%2Fstudent-loan-forgiveness-debt-president-biden-campaign-promise\">pledged to cancel\u003c/a> at least $10,000 in federal student loans. The pledge has followed the administration since. Wednesday’s move comes after several extensions to the student loan moratorium, and attempts by some Democrats to expand forgiveness from the original plan to $50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/17/1104920545/poll-student-loan-forgiveness\">NPR/Ipsos poll\u003c/a> found a majority of the general public (55%) supported forgiving up to $10,000 of a person’s federal student loan debt. But the more generous the relief, the more that support narrowed. Forty-seven percent of all respondents said they supported forgiving up to $50,000 in debt, while 41% expressed support for wiping the slate completely clean for all borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support for debt relief was, not surprisingly, higher among borrowers themselves. But when asked to choose between debt forgiveness and addressing the high cost of college, an overwhelming majority — borrowers and non-borrowers alike — said addressing the rising cost of college was most important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+is+canceling+up+to+%2410K+in+student+loans%2C+%2420K+for+Pell+Grant+recipients&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "President Biden announced a sweeping effort to forgive up to $20,000 of federal student loan debt for Pell Grant recipients, and up to $10,000 for other borrowers making under $125,000 a year.",
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"title": "Biden Is Canceling up to $10K in Student Loans, $20K for Pell Grant Recipients | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated August 24, 2022 at 1:18 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, President Biden announced a sweeping effort to forgive up to $20,000 of federal student loan debt for Pell Grant recipients, and up to $10,000 for other qualifying borrowers. Biden also extended the federal student loan payment pause through Dec. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In keeping with my campaign promise, my Administration is announcing a plan to give working and middle class families breathing room as they prepare to resume federal student loan payments in January 2023,” Biden said in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/potus/status/1562462774969581570?s=21&t=UJK9CIR6nRX0gqdWgMR-mw\">tweet\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona said in a statement, “Today, we’re delivering targeted relief that will help ensure borrowers are not placed in a worse position financially because of the pandemic, and restore trust in a system that should be creating opportunity, not a debt trap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify for the $10,000 forgiveness, individual borrowers must earn less than $125,000 a year, or less than $250,000 a year for couples. To qualify for the $20,000 forgiveness, borrowers must meet those income requirements and must have received a Pell Grant in college. Pell Grants are designed to \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/understand-aid/types/grants/pell\">help low-income students\u003c/a> pay for higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Education estimates that, among borrowers who are no longer in school, nearly 90% of relief dollars will go to those earning less than $75,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 43 million borrowers will benefit, and 20 million will have their debt completely canceled, according to a senior administration official. The White House said more than 60% of current federal student loan borrowers also received Pell Grants.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In order to benefit from this announcement, most borrowers will have to submit an application to verify their income. The Education Department said nearly 8 million borrowers already have income information on file, and should qualify to have their debts canceled automatically. The department will announce further details on how borrowers can claim this relief in the weeks ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some borrowers are celebrating, others hoped for more\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many borrowers are celebrating Biden’s announcement: Giselle Parks of Orlando, Florida, expects to have her $5,000 in student loan debt completely erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Holy cow,” she said. “Holy cow… I need to tell my family immediately!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trianna Downing in D.C. said she was in shock. “I can’t even process it yet… At first I was, like, dancing, and then I was like, wait, should I log into my account and see if it actually happened?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downing expects her debts to drop from $16,000 to $6,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some higher-debt borrowers were left disappointed, especially after a group of House and Senate Democrats \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/warren-schumer-pressley-colleagues-president-biden-can-and-should-use-executive-action-to-cancel-up-to-50000-in-federal-student-loan-debt-immediately\">had called on Biden\u003c/a> to cancel $50,000 in federal student debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to be excited about it,” says Briana Ford of Columbia, S.C. She owes almost $60,000 in student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t give it back, but it’s hard to be excited about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans aren’t too excited either. They’ve long argued against broad-based loan forgiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a slap in the face to those who never went to college, as well as borrowers who upheld their responsibility to taxpayers and paid back their loans,” said Rep. Virginia Foxx of North Carolina, the top Republican on the House Education Committee, in a Tuesday night statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many economists and higher education experts also opposed the move, arguing that widespread debt cancellation would do nothing to fix the rising costs of college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crfb.org/blogs/means-testing-student-debt-cancellation-still-costly-and-regressive\">In a May analysis\u003c/a>, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget estimated a policy like the one Biden announced would cost at least $230 billion, and warned that even income limits “would do almost nothing to alleviate the central issues with the policy, namely that it is regressive, inflationary, expensive, and would likely do more to increase the cost of higher education going forward than to reduce it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will it make inflation worse?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Experts have expressed concern that broad-based student loan forgiveness would exacerbate inflation, which is already one of Biden’s greatest political weaknesses heading into this fall’s midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Student loan debt relief is spending that raises demand and increases inflation,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LHSummers/status/1561701544600428545?s=20&t=_cyMqGhYgwtjk-FRQ0undQ\">tweeted\u003c/a> former U.S. Treasury Secretary Lawrence Summers earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It consumes resources that could be better used helping those who did not, for whatever reason, have the chance to attend college. It will also tend to be inflationary by raising tuitions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summers’ opposition stirred considerable dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to tell a pretty bizarre story about expectations in order for loan forgiveness to boost inflation,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dynarski/status/1562219895240237057\">responded\u003c/a> Susan Dynarski, an economist and professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one has been making student loan payments for two years. Forgiveness will *not* increase cash flow to borrowers right now. That increase in available cash happened *2 years ago* when payments were suspended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Borrowers have been waiting years for loan forgiveness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The loan forgiveness announcement comes more than two years after then-presidential candidate Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1241869418981920769?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1241869418981920769%7Ctwgr%5Ef647c8db378a99325f87dac930be8cb62765aa1e%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F12%2F07%2F1062070001%2Fstudent-loan-forgiveness-debt-president-biden-campaign-promise\">pledged to cancel\u003c/a> at least $10,000 in federal student loans. The pledge has followed the administration since. Wednesday’s move comes after several extensions to the student loan moratorium, and attempts by some Democrats to expand forgiveness from the original plan to $50,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/17/1104920545/poll-student-loan-forgiveness\">NPR/Ipsos poll\u003c/a> found a majority of the general public (55%) supported forgiving up to $10,000 of a person’s federal student loan debt. But the more generous the relief, the more that support narrowed. Forty-seven percent of all respondents said they supported forgiving up to $50,000 in debt, while 41% expressed support for wiping the slate completely clean for all borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support for debt relief was, not surprisingly, higher among borrowers themselves. But when asked to choose between debt forgiveness and addressing the high cost of college, an overwhelming majority — borrowers and non-borrowers alike — said addressing the rising cost of college was most important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+is+canceling+up+to+%2410K+in+student+loans%2C+%2420K+for+Pell+Grant+recipients&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "you-can-get-a-7500-tax-credit-to-buy-an-electric-car-but-its-really-complicated",
"title": "You Can Get a $7,500 Tax Credit to Buy an Electric Car, But It's Really Complicated",
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"headTitle": "You Can Get a $7,500 Tax Credit to Buy an Electric Car, But It’s Really Complicated | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The big climate and health care bill signed into law by President Biden has what at first sight looks like a big incentive for those shopping for a car: a revamped $7,500 tax credit if you buy a new electric vehicle, or $4,000 if you get a used one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although tax credits for electric cars have been offered before, the new bill revamps those incentives. But there are so many caveats — on everything from the buyers’ income level to which models can qualify — that many electric cars may actually not be eligible for the tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the caveats are there for two key reasons: to eventually make electric cars more affordable for more Americans and to bring more of the production across the supply chain to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bill succeeds in accomplishing those two goals, experts believe the law could catapult the electric vehicle market into the mainstream in ways the country hasn’t seen before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what to know about the tax credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So, who qualifies for the revamped tax credits?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not everybody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only singles with incomes up to $150,000 a year and couples who file taxes jointly who earn up to $300,000 will qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This income cap requirement is meant to help less affluent people afford electric cars — and incentivize automakers to expand their customer base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of electric cars has long been seen as a major impediment to the adoption of these vehicles. Currently \u003ca href=\"https://electrek.co/2022/07/25/average-electric-car-price-hit-66000-us-whole-story/\">the average price of an electric vehicle \u003c/a>is $66,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the requirements for the electric vehicles?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some major requirements, both on how the car — and its battery — is produced and the overall price of the vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start with, to get the full tax credit, the car has to be assembled in North America. This provision of the law went into effect when President Biden signed the legislation into law last week. There are more than two dozen vehicles that meet this requirement, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/inflation-reduction-act\">U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/a>, but dozens more have already been disqualified from the tax credit with this requirement alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, 2023, more caveats come into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedans have to be under $55,000 to qualify, and the cost of trucks, vans, and sports utility vehicles can’t exceed $80,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price caps for used electric vehicles is $25,000, but the cars won’t have to comply with the made-in-America requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are there requirements for the batteries as well?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yes, and that’s important because batteries are the most important part of any electric car\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"electric-vehicles\"]A certain percentage of minerals in the EV battery must come from North America or a country that has a free trade agreement with the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the battery components must also be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s expected to complicate things for auto companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s going to be a huge burden and hurdle to overcome,” says Carla Bailo, CEO of the Center for Automotive Research. “We don’t have the mining, we don’t have the critical minerals that are needed in North America or from our free trade partners, and almost 90% of the refining is done in China.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, no electric vehicle on the market will qualify for the full tax credit when battery requirements take effect in 2023, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/blog/what-if-no-evs-qualify-for-the-ev-tax-credit\">Alliance for Automotive Innovation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it possible to qualify for a partial tax credit?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A buyer could get a partial credit of $3,750 if 40% of the critical minerals in EV batteries are sourced from countries with which the U.S. has a free trade agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other $3,750 is linked to battery components. Starting in 2023, 50% of components will have to be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the required amount of minerals in the EV batteries sourced from the U.S. or trading partners will increase. So too will the required amount of components manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which automakers win and lose under this law?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Based on what’s currently available on the market, higher-end electric car companies like Rivian stand to lose customers who qualify for the tax credit based on the cost of their vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Tesla or General Motors that have been producing cars in the U.S. and have already shifted their supply chains are better poised to meet the many requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re probably at the forefront of this technology right now with some vehicles on the market and many more on the way,” says Jessica Caldwell, executive director of insights at Edmunds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, international automakers, like Toyota and Hyundai, face some big decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the Asian and European automakers who have some limited production in North America, that’s where we might see some more weighing of the scales in terms of, ‘Is it worthwhile for us to shift production of vehicles or sourcing of materials to qualify for this, or do we just walk away?,’ ” says Michael Fiske, associated director of Powertrain and Compliance for S&P Global Mobility.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t these caveats make it hard to get the tax credit?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Initially, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be difficult, if not impossible, for buyers to qualify for the full $7,500 tax credit as automakers rethink their operations to meet the various requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a long-term play by the Biden administration. By incentivizing automakers to cater to a less affluent crowd and by pushing automakers to bring their supply chains to the U.S., the administration believes it can make EVs more mainstream and accelerate toward an ambitious goal: to have half of all new car sales be for electric models by 2030, up from only 3% today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another motivating factor is China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China controls about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/13/1085707854/how-a-handful-of-metals-could-determine-the-future-of-the-electric-car-industry\">three-quarters of the market for the minerals\u003c/a> that are essential for batteries and the Biden administration has been worried about continued access to those minerals. By bolstering domestic supply chains, the administration intends to reduce China’s ability to roil the electric vehicle market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about protecting American national security” says Fiske. ” We’ve seen a lot of the challenges that have come from being reliant on the Middle East for oil for the last half century or more. Now, I think there are valid concerns about becoming overly reliant on Asian countries for processing and manufacturing of batteries and battery-related materials for the next decade or 50 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+can+get+a+%247%2C500+tax+credit+to+buy+an+electric+car%2C+but+it%27s+really+complicated&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The big climate and health care bill signed into law by President Biden has what at first sight looks like a big incentive for those shopping for a car: a revamped $7,500 tax credit if you buy a new electric vehicle, or $4,000 if you get a used one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although tax credits for electric cars have been offered before, the new bill revamps those incentives. But there are so many caveats — on everything from the buyers’ income level to which models can qualify — that many electric cars may actually not be eligible for the tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the caveats are there for two key reasons: to eventually make electric cars more affordable for more Americans and to bring more of the production across the supply chain to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bill succeeds in accomplishing those two goals, experts believe the law could catapult the electric vehicle market into the mainstream in ways the country hasn’t seen before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what to know about the tax credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So, who qualifies for the revamped tax credits?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not everybody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only singles with incomes up to $150,000 a year and couples who file taxes jointly who earn up to $300,000 will qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This income cap requirement is meant to help less affluent people afford electric cars — and incentivize automakers to expand their customer base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of electric cars has long been seen as a major impediment to the adoption of these vehicles. Currently \u003ca href=\"https://electrek.co/2022/07/25/average-electric-car-price-hit-66000-us-whole-story/\">the average price of an electric vehicle \u003c/a>is $66,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about the requirements for the electric vehicles?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some major requirements, both on how the car — and its battery — is produced and the overall price of the vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start with, to get the full tax credit, the car has to be assembled in North America. This provision of the law went into effect when President Biden signed the legislation into law last week. There are more than two dozen vehicles that meet this requirement, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/inflation-reduction-act\">U.S. Department of Energy\u003c/a>, but dozens more have already been disqualified from the tax credit with this requirement alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting Jan. 1, 2023, more caveats come into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sedans have to be under $55,000 to qualify, and the cost of trucks, vans, and sports utility vehicles can’t exceed $80,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price caps for used electric vehicles is $25,000, but the cars won’t have to comply with the made-in-America requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are there requirements for the batteries as well?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yes, and that’s important because batteries are the most important part of any electric car\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A certain percentage of minerals in the EV battery must come from North America or a country that has a free trade agreement with the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the battery components must also be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s expected to complicate things for auto companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s going to be a huge burden and hurdle to overcome,” says Carla Bailo, CEO of the Center for Automotive Research. “We don’t have the mining, we don’t have the critical minerals that are needed in North America or from our free trade partners, and almost 90% of the refining is done in China.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, no electric vehicle on the market will qualify for the full tax credit when battery requirements take effect in 2023, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/blog/what-if-no-evs-qualify-for-the-ev-tax-credit\">Alliance for Automotive Innovation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is it possible to qualify for a partial tax credit?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A buyer could get a partial credit of $3,750 if 40% of the critical minerals in EV batteries are sourced from countries with which the U.S. has a free trade agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other $3,750 is linked to battery components. Starting in 2023, 50% of components will have to be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the required amount of minerals in the EV batteries sourced from the U.S. or trading partners will increase. So too will the required amount of components manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which automakers win and lose under this law?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Based on what’s currently available on the market, higher-end electric car companies like Rivian stand to lose customers who qualify for the tax credit based on the cost of their vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Tesla or General Motors that have been producing cars in the U.S. and have already shifted their supply chains are better poised to meet the many requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re probably at the forefront of this technology right now with some vehicles on the market and many more on the way,” says Jessica Caldwell, executive director of insights at Edmunds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, international automakers, like Toyota and Hyundai, face some big decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the Asian and European automakers who have some limited production in North America, that’s where we might see some more weighing of the scales in terms of, ‘Is it worthwhile for us to shift production of vehicles or sourcing of materials to qualify for this, or do we just walk away?,’ ” says Michael Fiske, associated director of Powertrain and Compliance for S&P Global Mobility.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t these caveats make it hard to get the tax credit?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Initially, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be difficult, if not impossible, for buyers to qualify for the full $7,500 tax credit as automakers rethink their operations to meet the various requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a long-term play by the Biden administration. By incentivizing automakers to cater to a less affluent crowd and by pushing automakers to bring their supply chains to the U.S., the administration believes it can make EVs more mainstream and accelerate toward an ambitious goal: to have half of all new car sales be for electric models by 2030, up from only 3% today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another motivating factor is China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China controls about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/13/1085707854/how-a-handful-of-metals-could-determine-the-future-of-the-electric-car-industry\">three-quarters of the market for the minerals\u003c/a> that are essential for batteries and the Biden administration has been worried about continued access to those minerals. By bolstering domestic supply chains, the administration intends to reduce China’s ability to roil the electric vehicle market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about protecting American national security” says Fiske. ” We’ve seen a lot of the challenges that have come from being reliant on the Middle East for oil for the last half century or more. Now, I think there are valid concerns about becoming overly reliant on Asian countries for processing and manufacturing of batteries and battery-related materials for the next decade or 50 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+can+get+a+%247%2C500+tax+credit+to+buy+an+electric+car%2C+but+it%27s+really+complicated&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "This City Manager Wants California to Prepare for a Megastorm Before It's Too Late",
"title": "This City Manager Wants California to Prepare for a Megastorm Before It's Too Late",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1118365553/1118365554\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Updated August 22, 2022 at 9:28 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firebaugh, Calif., sitting right on the San Joaquin River, is a great place to raise a family, says city manager Ben Gallegos. He's lived in this Central Valley community for most of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now he's preparing the city for a force of nature potentially more destructive than the fires and drought Californians are used to — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/12/1117161878/a-cataclysmic-flood-is-coming-for-california-climate-change-makes-it-more-likely\">a megastorm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They form out at sea as plumes of water vapor thousands of miles long. As they reach land, they dump rain and snow for weeks at a time, causing devastating flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last megastorm to hit the West Coast was the Great Flood of 1862. It temporarily turned much of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys into a giant inland sea, 300 miles long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallegos is in no doubt about what a megastorm would mean for Firebaugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of water. Flooding for many days. [A] potential hazard to really wiping out the city,\" he told NPR's Leila Fadel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles say that \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq0995\">climate change will increase the frequency\u003c/a> of these megastorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they used to occur every 100-200 years on average, rising temperatures mean we'll now see them as often as every 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xingying Huang and Daniel Swain, who co-authored the research, say a megastorm could mean millions of people displaced by flooding, major transportation links severed, and damage totaling nearly $1 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallegos is worried that bigger cities will be the focus of flood-prevention spending before a megastorm, rather than his city of around 8,500 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You think about San Francisco, Los Angeles. Is the state really going to say — or the feds — let me give Firebaugh $50 to $60 million to upgrade the levee, or should we give it to somebody else?\" he said. \"They say, 'Oh if we lose that town, what impact is it going to have to the state?' Well, it's going to have a lot of impact to the state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firebaugh is an agricultural community, growing tomatoes that are processed into sauces for the restaurant industry. Farmers also grow cantaloupes. Gallegos says the loss of those businesses would have a knock-on impact on California's economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents of Firebaugh are worried by the prospect of a megastorm hitting, especially after a previous evacuation due to a flood in 1997 didn't go well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city wasn't prepared at that time for an evacuation. They evacuated all the residents to our community center. But the community center was right next to the river, so there was a levee that was washing out,\" Gallegos said. \"So they went and sent them out to our neighboring cities. But those cities were not ready for our residents, so then they had to get them back. And then they put them up in a warehouse just west of the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallegos knows that state and federal officials have a choice: Pay for flood prevention measures now, or pay much, much more later to help Firebaugh recover from a megastorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need help. I always tell our leaders, we can fix it now, which would cost less than when we have an emergency, and you have people trying to fix it, which would cost a lot more than being proactive,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing is done, the alternative doesn't bear thinking about for Gallegos, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think Firebaugh would be wiped out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio for this story was produced by Chad Campbell and edited by Simone Popperl and Adam Bearne. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+city+manager+wants+California+to+prepare+for+a+megastorm+before+it%27s+too+late&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1118365553/1118365554\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Updated August 22, 2022 at 9:28 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firebaugh, Calif., sitting right on the San Joaquin River, is a great place to raise a family, says city manager Ben Gallegos. He's lived in this Central Valley community for most of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now he's preparing the city for a force of nature potentially more destructive than the fires and drought Californians are used to — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/12/1117161878/a-cataclysmic-flood-is-coming-for-california-climate-change-makes-it-more-likely\">a megastorm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They form out at sea as plumes of water vapor thousands of miles long. As they reach land, they dump rain and snow for weeks at a time, causing devastating flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last megastorm to hit the West Coast was the Great Flood of 1862. It temporarily turned much of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys into a giant inland sea, 300 miles long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallegos is in no doubt about what a megastorm would mean for Firebaugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of water. Flooding for many days. [A] potential hazard to really wiping out the city,\" he told NPR's Leila Fadel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles say that \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abq0995\">climate change will increase the frequency\u003c/a> of these megastorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they used to occur every 100-200 years on average, rising temperatures mean we'll now see them as often as every 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xingying Huang and Daniel Swain, who co-authored the research, say a megastorm could mean millions of people displaced by flooding, major transportation links severed, and damage totaling nearly $1 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallegos is worried that bigger cities will be the focus of flood-prevention spending before a megastorm, rather than his city of around 8,500 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You think about San Francisco, Los Angeles. Is the state really going to say — or the feds — let me give Firebaugh $50 to $60 million to upgrade the levee, or should we give it to somebody else?\" he said. \"They say, 'Oh if we lose that town, what impact is it going to have to the state?' Well, it's going to have a lot of impact to the state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firebaugh is an agricultural community, growing tomatoes that are processed into sauces for the restaurant industry. Farmers also grow cantaloupes. Gallegos says the loss of those businesses would have a knock-on impact on California's economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents of Firebaugh are worried by the prospect of a megastorm hitting, especially after a previous evacuation due to a flood in 1997 didn't go well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city wasn't prepared at that time for an evacuation. They evacuated all the residents to our community center. But the community center was right next to the river, so there was a levee that was washing out,\" Gallegos said. \"So they went and sent them out to our neighboring cities. But those cities were not ready for our residents, so then they had to get them back. And then they put them up in a warehouse just west of the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallegos knows that state and federal officials have a choice: Pay for flood prevention measures now, or pay much, much more later to help Firebaugh recover from a megastorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need help. I always tell our leaders, we can fix it now, which would cost less than when we have an emergency, and you have people trying to fix it, which would cost a lot more than being proactive,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing is done, the alternative doesn't bear thinking about for Gallegos, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think Firebaugh would be wiped out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio for this story was produced by Chad Campbell and edited by Simone Popperl and Adam Bearne. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+city+manager+wants+California+to+prepare+for+a+megastorm+before+it%27s+too+late&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, who played a critical role in steering humanity through the two pandemics of our time, AIDS and COVID-19, announced Monday he is stepping down from his role in the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of December, he will leave the position he’s held for 38 years as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as well as his job as chief of the NIAID Laboratory of Immunoregulation, and his role as Chief Medical Advisor to President Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The straight-talking scientist and physician was the government’s top infectious disease doctor for decades, and one of the few scientists that many Americans knew by name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci, 81, served under seven U.S. presidents and helped lead the country through numerous health crises. He was instrumental in combatting the AIDS epidemic, starting as the youthful director of NIAID in the early 1980s. He also took center stage in a politically fraught response to the nation’s COVID-19 pandemic, and he was both praised and assailed for his tell-it-like-it-is philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden hailed him as a “dedicated public servant” in a statement issued Monday. “Because of Dr. Fauci’s many contributions to public health, lives here in the United States and around the world have been saved,” the President said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Health and Human Services secretary Xavier Becerra, who took leadership of the agency a year into the COVID pandemic, said he relied on Fauci’s counsel and praised him for “his ability to break down complex science in simple terms to the American people to save lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>As AIDS crisis grew, he led by listening\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s actions during the AIDS epidemic helped marshal a scientific and government response that saved millions of lives. His approach to engaging AIDS activists also transformed the way patients and activists interacted with medical science for many diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tony Fauci is a really interesting character in the history of the AIDS epidemic,” says Jon Cohen, a journalist at \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> magazine who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Shots_in_the_Dark/sSt25bOlGgYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover\">a book\u003c/a> about Fauci’s passionate but ultimately unsuccessful effort to develop an AIDS vaccine. “He becomes the voice of science, he can translate science into English better than anyone, and he can speak to every president, every congressperson, every world leader, and he can speak to patients,” Cohen said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"anthony-fauci\"]Those abilities emerged during the earliest days of the AIDS epidemic, when the Reagan administration tried to downplay or ignore the deadly disease afflicting particularly gay men and users of drugs by injection, as well as people with hemophilia who died because their medication was derived from contaminated blood products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of Fauci’s strategy was to engage the patients and activists who were demanding not only answers but a rapid federal response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was one of the few [powerful people in Washington] that opened his doors early to us to listen and to hear us out,” said Peter Staley, one of the founding members of Act Up New York, a prominent AIDS activist group. “And he was one of the few that wasn’t afraid of us, and thought we had something to bring to the table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staley recalls regular dinners that Fauci held in the home of a gay man who worked in his office. Those dinners “would last for many hours over many bottles of wine, and we debated these issues, and it would sometimes get very heated,” Staley said. They didn’t always agree, “but I came to respect the man intensely during that period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AIDS activists pushed for being part of the research and having a seat at the table, as scientists and government officials figured out how to develop drugs and test vaccines to control the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gifted communicator\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fauci also oversaw a laboratory at the NIH and saw patients throughout his long career, keeping connected to the science as well as the human dimensions of infectious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tony won the respect of the angriest, most frustrated people because they saw him as an ally and because he listened to them and he incorporated them — he made them part of finding solutions,” Cohen said. And that approach “radically overhauled how we think about disease and research and patients, not just AIDS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast cancer activists adopted this cooperative approach and many other disease advocates followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci was also instrumental in an effort, undertaken by the George W. Bush administration, to make AIDS medicines available globally. The multi-billion-dollar program, called the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/72424694-a86e-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04\">has saved millions of lives\u003c/a>, primarily in Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s gift for communication put him at the center of many public health crises, in Republican as well as Democratic administrations. Those included viral outbreaks ranging from Zika and West Nile disease to the annual flu. To help calm a jittery American public during the Ebola scare in 2014, Fauci stepped up to the cameras and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/10/24/358593823/fighting-the-stigma-of-ebola-with-hugs\">embraced an Ebola patient\u003c/a> – a nurse, Nina Pham — who had been treated at the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to tell you what a great pleasure, and in many respects a privilege it has been for me and the staff here… to have had the opportunity to treat and care for and get to know such an extraordinarily courageous and lovely person,” he said in his distinctive Brooklyn accent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His political acumen stood him in good stead with seven presidential administrations, starting with Ronald Reagan. No other leading federal scientist in modern times held a top position for as many years as Fauci did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci even got a shout-out from George H.W. Bush during a 1988 vice-presidential debate. The candidates had been asked to name their heroes, and Bush included Fauci in his list. “You probably never heard of him,” Bush said. “He’s a very fine researcher, top doctor at the National Institute[s] of Health. Working hard, doing something about research on this disease of AIDS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Diplomacy and politics in the early days of COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s biggest political challenge came during the Trump administration. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump frequently brought Fauci to the White House as a member of the Coronavirus Task Force, to participate in meetings and press conferences. But as the disease spiraled out of control, the president tired of Fauci’s warnings. Fauci found diplomatic ways to correct the president’s often errant statements about the coronavirus, for example when Trump wondered whether COVID-19 could be treated with bleach injections or by shining ultraviolet light into people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationship hit a low point a few days before Election Day, 2020, when a crowd at a Trump campaign rally in Opa-Locka, Fla., started changing “Fire Fauci! Fire Fauci!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump replied, “Don’t tell anybody, but let me wait until a little bit after the election. I appreciate the advice. He’s been wrong on a lot,” Trump continued. “He’s a nice man but he’s been wrong on a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump did not fire Fauci, who had made some missteps during the early days of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, scientists didn’t fully understand how the virus spread or how to contain it. Fauci initially misjudged the degree to which the virus spread from people who had no symptoms of disease. He quickly changed his view as scientists learned more. Like many scientists, he was also uncertain about the value of masks early on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he never wavered in his view that people needed to stop gathering in large numbers, to wash their hands, isolate if ill and otherwise to take personal responsibility to avoid spreading the virus. Those positions earned him the ire of some Americans, who felt public health guidance infringed on their personal freedom. It was also inconsistent with Trump’s false claim that the pandemic was being overblown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci had amassed a powerful following among people committed to a science-based response to COVID-19. His face popped up on T-shirts, coffee mugs and yard signs – and on Tony Fauci bobbleheads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was even invited to throw the ceremonial first pitch at the start of the Washington Nationals’ 2020 home-opener, five months short of his 80\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> birthday. Suffice it to say it was outside the strike zone, a fact which the president noted among his complaints about Fauci’s performance. (He redeemed himself two years later throwing a cleaner pitch this month in game between the Seattle Mariners and the New York Yankees, in Seattle.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Joe Biden’s election, Fauci became the president’s chief medical adviser. Fauci admitted in the administration’s very first press briefing that it was a relief to work for a president who took the science seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I take no pleasure at all in being in a situation of contradicting the president,” he said. “So, it was really something that you really feel you couldn’t say something and there wouldn’t be any repercussions. The idea that you can get up here and talk about what you know, and what the science is and that’s it. Let the science speak. It is somewhat of a liberating feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s gift for communication made him a media star and a household name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his fame also made him a target for critics of the federal government’s COVID response and even for death threats. In January, at a Senate hearing on COVID, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/11/1072110378/dr-fauci-says-gop-sen-pauls-false-accusations-have-sparked-death-threats\">Fauci blamed rhetoric\u003c/a> from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., for sparking death threats against him and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul, and other Congressional Republicans, have \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/3571232-gop-plots-fauci-probe-after-midterms/\">raised the idea\u003c/a> of investigating Fauci after the midterm elections, if they win back control of the House or Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A scientist ‘in his very soul’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Throughout the COVID pandemic, and the nonstop media attention he received, Fauci continued to run one of the major institutes at the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He in his very soul was a laboratorian, was a bench scientist,” said Dr. Georges Benjamin, longtime head of the American Public Health Association. “Here was a guy who loved that kind of work. And while he handled the administration and the bureaucracy well, that wasn’t necessarily what he got up for every morning to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, under Fauci’s guidance, scientists at his institute aggressively pursued a vaccine for COVID-19. And, in an astonishing span of less than a year, they brought one into being, in partnership with the drug company Moderna. It was even more effective than Fauci had dared hope, achieving an efficacy of over 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was giddy with laughter,” Benjamin recalls. “I remember watching him on TV with the joy of a new parent who has something that’s just precious, and understood just how valuable that vaccine was going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/statement-anthony-s-fauci-md\">In a statement,\u003c/a> Fauci said it had been “the honor of a lifetime to have led the NIAID.” He said he’ll continue to work after departing from his current government positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After more than 50 years of government service, I plan to pursue the next phase of my career while I still have so much energy and passion for my field,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fauci+to+step+down+in+December+after+decades+of+public+service&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, who played a critical role in steering humanity through the two pandemics of our time, AIDS and COVID-19, announced Monday he is stepping down from his role in the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of December, he will leave the position he’s held for 38 years as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, as well as his job as chief of the NIAID Laboratory of Immunoregulation, and his role as Chief Medical Advisor to President Joe Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The straight-talking scientist and physician was the government’s top infectious disease doctor for decades, and one of the few scientists that many Americans knew by name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci, 81, served under seven U.S. presidents and helped lead the country through numerous health crises. He was instrumental in combatting the AIDS epidemic, starting as the youthful director of NIAID in the early 1980s. He also took center stage in a politically fraught response to the nation’s COVID-19 pandemic, and he was both praised and assailed for his tell-it-like-it-is philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Biden hailed him as a “dedicated public servant” in a statement issued Monday. “Because of Dr. Fauci’s many contributions to public health, lives here in the United States and around the world have been saved,” the President said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Health and Human Services secretary Xavier Becerra, who took leadership of the agency a year into the COVID pandemic, said he relied on Fauci’s counsel and praised him for “his ability to break down complex science in simple terms to the American people to save lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>As AIDS crisis grew, he led by listening\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s actions during the AIDS epidemic helped marshal a scientific and government response that saved millions of lives. His approach to engaging AIDS activists also transformed the way patients and activists interacted with medical science for many diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tony Fauci is a really interesting character in the history of the AIDS epidemic,” says Jon Cohen, a journalist at \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> magazine who wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Shots_in_the_Dark/sSt25bOlGgYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover\">a book\u003c/a> about Fauci’s passionate but ultimately unsuccessful effort to develop an AIDS vaccine. “He becomes the voice of science, he can translate science into English better than anyone, and he can speak to every president, every congressperson, every world leader, and he can speak to patients,” Cohen said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Those abilities emerged during the earliest days of the AIDS epidemic, when the Reagan administration tried to downplay or ignore the deadly disease afflicting particularly gay men and users of drugs by injection, as well as people with hemophilia who died because their medication was derived from contaminated blood products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of Fauci’s strategy was to engage the patients and activists who were demanding not only answers but a rapid federal response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was one of the few [powerful people in Washington] that opened his doors early to us to listen and to hear us out,” said Peter Staley, one of the founding members of Act Up New York, a prominent AIDS activist group. “And he was one of the few that wasn’t afraid of us, and thought we had something to bring to the table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staley recalls regular dinners that Fauci held in the home of a gay man who worked in his office. Those dinners “would last for many hours over many bottles of wine, and we debated these issues, and it would sometimes get very heated,” Staley said. They didn’t always agree, “but I came to respect the man intensely during that period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AIDS activists pushed for being part of the research and having a seat at the table, as scientists and government officials figured out how to develop drugs and test vaccines to control the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gifted communicator\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fauci also oversaw a laboratory at the NIH and saw patients throughout his long career, keeping connected to the science as well as the human dimensions of infectious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tony won the respect of the angriest, most frustrated people because they saw him as an ally and because he listened to them and he incorporated them — he made them part of finding solutions,” Cohen said. And that approach “radically overhauled how we think about disease and research and patients, not just AIDS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breast cancer activists adopted this cooperative approach and many other disease advocates followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci was also instrumental in an effort, undertaken by the George W. Bush administration, to make AIDS medicines available globally. The multi-billion-dollar program, called the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or PEPFAR, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/72424694-a86e-11e9-984c-fac8325aaa04\">has saved millions of lives\u003c/a>, primarily in Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s gift for communication put him at the center of many public health crises, in Republican as well as Democratic administrations. Those included viral outbreaks ranging from Zika and West Nile disease to the annual flu. To help calm a jittery American public during the Ebola scare in 2014, Fauci stepped up to the cameras and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2014/10/24/358593823/fighting-the-stigma-of-ebola-with-hugs\">embraced an Ebola patient\u003c/a> – a nurse, Nina Pham — who had been treated at the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to tell you what a great pleasure, and in many respects a privilege it has been for me and the staff here… to have had the opportunity to treat and care for and get to know such an extraordinarily courageous and lovely person,” he said in his distinctive Brooklyn accent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His political acumen stood him in good stead with seven presidential administrations, starting with Ronald Reagan. No other leading federal scientist in modern times held a top position for as many years as Fauci did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci even got a shout-out from George H.W. Bush during a 1988 vice-presidential debate. The candidates had been asked to name their heroes, and Bush included Fauci in his list. “You probably never heard of him,” Bush said. “He’s a very fine researcher, top doctor at the National Institute[s] of Health. Working hard, doing something about research on this disease of AIDS.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Diplomacy and politics in the early days of COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s biggest political challenge came during the Trump administration. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump frequently brought Fauci to the White House as a member of the Coronavirus Task Force, to participate in meetings and press conferences. But as the disease spiraled out of control, the president tired of Fauci’s warnings. Fauci found diplomatic ways to correct the president’s often errant statements about the coronavirus, for example when Trump wondered whether COVID-19 could be treated with bleach injections or by shining ultraviolet light into people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationship hit a low point a few days before Election Day, 2020, when a crowd at a Trump campaign rally in Opa-Locka, Fla., started changing “Fire Fauci! Fire Fauci!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump replied, “Don’t tell anybody, but let me wait until a little bit after the election. I appreciate the advice. He’s been wrong on a lot,” Trump continued. “He’s a nice man but he’s been wrong on a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump did not fire Fauci, who had made some missteps during the early days of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, scientists didn’t fully understand how the virus spread or how to contain it. Fauci initially misjudged the degree to which the virus spread from people who had no symptoms of disease. He quickly changed his view as scientists learned more. Like many scientists, he was also uncertain about the value of masks early on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he never wavered in his view that people needed to stop gathering in large numbers, to wash their hands, isolate if ill and otherwise to take personal responsibility to avoid spreading the virus. Those positions earned him the ire of some Americans, who felt public health guidance infringed on their personal freedom. It was also inconsistent with Trump’s false claim that the pandemic was being overblown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci had amassed a powerful following among people committed to a science-based response to COVID-19. His face popped up on T-shirts, coffee mugs and yard signs – and on Tony Fauci bobbleheads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was even invited to throw the ceremonial first pitch at the start of the Washington Nationals’ 2020 home-opener, five months short of his 80\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> birthday. Suffice it to say it was outside the strike zone, a fact which the president noted among his complaints about Fauci’s performance. (He redeemed himself two years later throwing a cleaner pitch this month in game between the Seattle Mariners and the New York Yankees, in Seattle.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Joe Biden’s election, Fauci became the president’s chief medical adviser. Fauci admitted in the administration’s very first press briefing that it was a relief to work for a president who took the science seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I take no pleasure at all in being in a situation of contradicting the president,” he said. “So, it was really something that you really feel you couldn’t say something and there wouldn’t be any repercussions. The idea that you can get up here and talk about what you know, and what the science is and that’s it. Let the science speak. It is somewhat of a liberating feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci’s gift for communication made him a media star and a household name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his fame also made him a target for critics of the federal government’s COVID response and even for death threats. In January, at a Senate hearing on COVID, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/11/1072110378/dr-fauci-says-gop-sen-pauls-false-accusations-have-sparked-death-threats\">Fauci blamed rhetoric\u003c/a> from Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., for sparking death threats against him and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul, and other Congressional Republicans, have \u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/3571232-gop-plots-fauci-probe-after-midterms/\">raised the idea\u003c/a> of investigating Fauci after the midterm elections, if they win back control of the House or Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A scientist ‘in his very soul’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Throughout the COVID pandemic, and the nonstop media attention he received, Fauci continued to run one of the major institutes at the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He in his very soul was a laboratorian, was a bench scientist,” said Dr. Georges Benjamin, longtime head of the American Public Health Association. “Here was a guy who loved that kind of work. And while he handled the administration and the bureaucracy well, that wasn’t necessarily what he got up for every morning to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, under Fauci’s guidance, scientists at his institute aggressively pursued a vaccine for COVID-19. And, in an astonishing span of less than a year, they brought one into being, in partnership with the drug company Moderna. It was even more effective than Fauci had dared hope, achieving an efficacy of over 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was giddy with laughter,” Benjamin recalls. “I remember watching him on TV with the joy of a new parent who has something that’s just precious, and understood just how valuable that vaccine was going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/statement-anthony-s-fauci-md\">In a statement,\u003c/a> Fauci said it had been “the honor of a lifetime to have led the NIAID.” He said he’ll continue to work after departing from his current government positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After more than 50 years of government service, I plan to pursue the next phase of my career while I still have so much energy and passion for my field,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fauci+to+step+down+in+December+after+decades+of+public+service&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "The New US Monkeypox Vaccine Strategy Offers More Doses — and Uncertainty",
"title": "The New US Monkeypox Vaccine Strategy Offers More Doses — and Uncertainty",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a bumpy start, the Biden administration is trying to smooth out the vaccination campaign aimed at controlling the country's growing monkeypox outbreak.[aside postID=news_11920455 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/RS57399_GettyImages-1408879341-qut-1020x765.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort now rests on a new and untested strategy of dividing up what were previously full doses in order to stretch the limited stockpile of vaccines in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes as monkeypox cases \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/us-map.html\">have climbed\u003c/a> well above 14,000 in the U.S. – a case count higher than any other country in the world – and yet many local health departments still report not having enough vaccines to reach all those who are considered at heightened risk of contracting the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are definitely in what we're still calling 'The Hunger Games' phase of this – where there's nowhere near enough doses for the demand,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://bime.uw.edu/faculty/mark-del-beccaro/\">Dr. Mark Del Beccaro\u003c/a>, Assistant Deputy Chief for Public Health – Seattle & King County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already facing the expected logistical hurdles of running a vaccine campaign in a public health emergency, health officials now have to tackle another challenge: how to squeeze five doses out of single-dose vials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's great that we are able to increase the number of people we can vaccinate with the current supply,\" says Claire Hannan, head of the Association of Immunization Managers. Still, \"when you make a change like that, it's kind of like turning the barge around in the middle of the sea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change poses challenges with messaging and logistics – training providers and getting the right equipment – and it raises concerns among some over equity as early vaccine data rolls in, showing significant racial disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stretching a limited supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government's plan to get the disease under control is largely based on giving out the JYNNEOS vaccine, a two-shot series against monkeypox made by Bavarian Nordic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/03/us/politics/monkeypox-vaccine-doses-us.html\">series of missteps\u003c/a> at the start of the response left the U.S. with a major vaccine shortage. The federal government was slow to order vaccines, allowing other countries to jump the queue, and distribution has been chaotic for states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the U.S. has shipped around 700,000 vials of the monkeypox vaccine to states and territories for distribution. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said the first priority is to vaccinate the 1.7 million people who are considered at highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing a shortage in vaccines, the Food and Drug Administration authorized \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/monkeypox-update-fda-authorizes-emergency-use-jynneos-vaccine-increase-vaccine-supply\">a new dosing strategy\u003c/a> last week: the vaccine can now be administered using an \"intradermal injection\" – where the vaccine is injected into the skin – rather than the typical method of injecting into the layer of fat underneath the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This action serves to markedly increase vaccine supply,\" said Dr. Rochelle Walensky, director of the CDC, in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CDCDirector/status/1559269174735769605?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">video released this week\u003c/a>. \"Intradermal administration of the JYNNEOS vaccine allows vaccine providers to administer a total of up to five separate doses from an existing one-dose vial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials are adamant that this smaller amount of vaccine should not be considered a \"partial dose\" because it's still able to produce a similar level of immunologic response as the original method of administering the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the evidence for this method is scant, though it has worked for vaccinating against other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory rests on the fact that there are many immune cells embedded in the skin. \"When a vaccine is given into this tissue, you can generate a robust immune response using a smaller amount of vaccine,\" said\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/brooks/brooks-P.pdf\"> Dr. John Brooks\u003c/a>, a medical epidemiologist from CDC in the video, citing \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X15008762\">a 2015 study\u003c/a> on the vaccine. Brooks also stressed that the method has been studied on other vaccines including those for flu and rabies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>One vial equals five doses? Not so fast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's also a practical problem with the plan to squeeze five doses out of what was once a single dose:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just mechanically difficult to do,\" says Del Beccaro of Seattle & King County. \"The federal announcement of five doses per vial was, I think, incredibly optimistic and what we're seeing in real life is three to four doses per vial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannan, head of the Association of Immunization Managers, has heard the same concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>Hopefully we will start to see more of the vials yielding five doses, but we're not really seeing that consistently right now,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet it seems the federal government is assuming five doses per vial as it divvys up the supplies of vaccine and sends those out to health departments, says Del Beccaro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, much of the U.S. vaccine campaign has focused on reaching people who are unvaccinated and at increased risk of contracting monkeypox, but soon health departments will also have to be ready for the influx of people returning for their second doses 28 days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Seattle area, that could add up to about 4,000 people in the last week of August. And while it continues to be difficult to predict how the federal supply could change, Del Beccaro says currently it looks like they will not be getting enough vaccine to do second shots while also providing first shots at a high rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The switch also requires new supplies and training, says Janna Kerins, medical director at the Chicago Department of Public Health. \"It means using a different syringe, a different needle,\" she says, \"So it has taken a bit of time to make sure people have the supplies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus providers need technical training in how to administer a dose into the skin. And \"we also need to educate [providers and the communities they serve] on the data that supports this change,\" though there's not much available, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Distrust and feelings of disrespect\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new dosing strategy is also feeding into a strong sense of inequity among some in the communities most at risk for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of U.S. cases are still being detected among \"men who reported recent sexual contact with other men,\" CDC director Rochelle Walensky told reporters on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the data is imperfect, what's currently available shows another trend: a disproportionately high number of Black and LatinX members of the gay and queer community are getting monkeypox – and they've also had a hard time getting access to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On August 10, North Carolina's health department \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdhhs.gov/news/press-releases/2022/08/10/ncdhhs-releases-monkeypox-case-vaccine-and-testing-demographic-report-shows-vaccine-racial\">released findings \u003c/a>that 70% of the state's cases have been detected in Black men, but just 24% of monkeypox vaccines have gone to this group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago is also seeing vaccination gaps in men of color. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/sites/monkeypox/home/data.html\">30% of the city's cases\u003c/a> have been found among Latino men, but just 15% of vaccines have gone to the Latino population, according to Kerins, in Chicago. \"We have some work to do to try to align the doses of vaccine better with those who are [at risk of] becoming cases,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National data indicates that queer Black and Brown communities are experiencing high rates of monkeypox: 33% of cases are occurring among those who are Hispanic and 28% among those who are Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no national data has been shared on vaccinations, lack of access for these groups is a problem across the board, says \u003ca href=\"https://as.nyu.edu/faculty/joseph-osmundson.html\">Joseph Osmundson\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at NYU and a queer community organizer in New York. The new dosing strategy could feed into that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We expect the data in New York and elsewhere to be similar,\" Osmundson says. \"What this [dosing strategy] is doing is using a different dosing regimen for those who get the vaccine late – who are more likely to be working class and more likely to be Black and Brown, who have not had the privilege, the ability to access vaccine yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disparities in vaccine access have sowed suspicion and distrust in communities of color, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.prep4all.org/news/kenyon-farrow-joins-the-prep4all-team\">Kenyon Farrow\u003c/a>, with the advocacy group Prep4All.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrow says public health leaders still have to do more to explain why this new strategy is not necessarily inferior. He says a sentiment he's seen online, especially from gay men of color, is that \"they let White gay men take all the first full doses. And so we're now supposed to believe that a fifth of that dose is going to do us just as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials say they're working to bridge these disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the White House monkeypox response team announced a pilot program to bring vaccines to Pride festivals and events where they can reach the gay, bisexual and queer communities at highest risk for contracting the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of the events we're focusing on are events that focus on populations who are overrepresented in this outbreak,\" including Black and Latino individuals, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/02/president-biden-announces-team-to-lead-monkeypox-response/\">Demetre Daskalakis,\u003c/a> deputy coordinator of the national monkeypox response, said on Thursday during a briefing with federal health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really about positioning messaging and biomedical interventions where people can reach it, and also making sure that we're going to the right places and talking about the right people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+new+U.S.+monkeypox+vaccine+strategy+offers+more+doses+%E2%80%94+and+uncertainty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a bumpy start, the Biden administration is trying to smooth out the vaccination campaign aimed at controlling the country's growing monkeypox outbreak.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort now rests on a new and untested strategy of dividing up what were previously full doses in order to stretch the limited stockpile of vaccines in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes as monkeypox cases \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/us-map.html\">have climbed\u003c/a> well above 14,000 in the U.S. – a case count higher than any other country in the world – and yet many local health departments still report not having enough vaccines to reach all those who are considered at heightened risk of contracting the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are definitely in what we're still calling 'The Hunger Games' phase of this – where there's nowhere near enough doses for the demand,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://bime.uw.edu/faculty/mark-del-beccaro/\">Dr. Mark Del Beccaro\u003c/a>, Assistant Deputy Chief for Public Health – Seattle & King County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already facing the expected logistical hurdles of running a vaccine campaign in a public health emergency, health officials now have to tackle another challenge: how to squeeze five doses out of single-dose vials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's great that we are able to increase the number of people we can vaccinate with the current supply,\" says Claire Hannan, head of the Association of Immunization Managers. Still, \"when you make a change like that, it's kind of like turning the barge around in the middle of the sea.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change poses challenges with messaging and logistics – training providers and getting the right equipment – and it raises concerns among some over equity as early vaccine data rolls in, showing significant racial disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Stretching a limited supply\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government's plan to get the disease under control is largely based on giving out the JYNNEOS vaccine, a two-shot series against monkeypox made by Bavarian Nordic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/03/us/politics/monkeypox-vaccine-doses-us.html\">series of missteps\u003c/a> at the start of the response left the U.S. with a major vaccine shortage. The federal government was slow to order vaccines, allowing other countries to jump the queue, and distribution has been chaotic for states and cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the U.S. has shipped around 700,000 vials of the monkeypox vaccine to states and territories for distribution. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has said the first priority is to vaccinate the 1.7 million people who are considered at highest risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing a shortage in vaccines, the Food and Drug Administration authorized \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/monkeypox-update-fda-authorizes-emergency-use-jynneos-vaccine-increase-vaccine-supply\">a new dosing strategy\u003c/a> last week: the vaccine can now be administered using an \"intradermal injection\" – where the vaccine is injected into the skin – rather than the typical method of injecting into the layer of fat underneath the skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This action serves to markedly increase vaccine supply,\" said Dr. Rochelle Walensky, director of the CDC, in a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CDCDirector/status/1559269174735769605?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet\">video released this week\u003c/a>. \"Intradermal administration of the JYNNEOS vaccine allows vaccine providers to administer a total of up to five separate doses from an existing one-dose vial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials are adamant that this smaller amount of vaccine should not be considered a \"partial dose\" because it's still able to produce a similar level of immunologic response as the original method of administering the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the evidence for this method is scant, though it has worked for vaccinating against other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory rests on the fact that there are many immune cells embedded in the skin. \"When a vaccine is given into this tissue, you can generate a robust immune response using a smaller amount of vaccine,\" said\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/spokesperson/brooks/brooks-P.pdf\"> Dr. John Brooks\u003c/a>, a medical epidemiologist from CDC in the video, citing \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X15008762\">a 2015 study\u003c/a> on the vaccine. Brooks also stressed that the method has been studied on other vaccines including those for flu and rabies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>One vial equals five doses? Not so fast\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There's also a practical problem with the plan to squeeze five doses out of what was once a single dose:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just mechanically difficult to do,\" says Del Beccaro of Seattle & King County. \"The federal announcement of five doses per vial was, I think, incredibly optimistic and what we're seeing in real life is three to four doses per vial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannan, head of the Association of Immunization Managers, has heard the same concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>Hopefully we will start to see more of the vials yielding five doses, but we're not really seeing that consistently right now,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet it seems the federal government is assuming five doses per vial as it divvys up the supplies of vaccine and sends those out to health departments, says Del Beccaro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, much of the U.S. vaccine campaign has focused on reaching people who are unvaccinated and at increased risk of contracting monkeypox, but soon health departments will also have to be ready for the influx of people returning for their second doses 28 days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Seattle area, that could add up to about 4,000 people in the last week of August. And while it continues to be difficult to predict how the federal supply could change, Del Beccaro says currently it looks like they will not be getting enough vaccine to do second shots while also providing first shots at a high rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The switch also requires new supplies and training, says Janna Kerins, medical director at the Chicago Department of Public Health. \"It means using a different syringe, a different needle,\" she says, \"So it has taken a bit of time to make sure people have the supplies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus providers need technical training in how to administer a dose into the skin. And \"we also need to educate [providers and the communities they serve] on the data that supports this change,\" though there's not much available, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Distrust and feelings of disrespect\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The new dosing strategy is also feeding into a strong sense of inequity among some in the communities most at risk for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of U.S. cases are still being detected among \"men who reported recent sexual contact with other men,\" CDC director Rochelle Walensky told reporters on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the data is imperfect, what's currently available shows another trend: a disproportionately high number of Black and LatinX members of the gay and queer community are getting monkeypox – and they've also had a hard time getting access to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On August 10, North Carolina's health department \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdhhs.gov/news/press-releases/2022/08/10/ncdhhs-releases-monkeypox-case-vaccine-and-testing-demographic-report-shows-vaccine-racial\">released findings \u003c/a>that 70% of the state's cases have been detected in Black men, but just 24% of monkeypox vaccines have gone to this group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago is also seeing vaccination gaps in men of color. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/sites/monkeypox/home/data.html\">30% of the city's cases\u003c/a> have been found among Latino men, but just 15% of vaccines have gone to the Latino population, according to Kerins, in Chicago. \"We have some work to do to try to align the doses of vaccine better with those who are [at risk of] becoming cases,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National data indicates that queer Black and Brown communities are experiencing high rates of monkeypox: 33% of cases are occurring among those who are Hispanic and 28% among those who are Black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no national data has been shared on vaccinations, lack of access for these groups is a problem across the board, says \u003ca href=\"https://as.nyu.edu/faculty/joseph-osmundson.html\">Joseph Osmundson\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at NYU and a queer community organizer in New York. The new dosing strategy could feed into that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We expect the data in New York and elsewhere to be similar,\" Osmundson says. \"What this [dosing strategy] is doing is using a different dosing regimen for those who get the vaccine late – who are more likely to be working class and more likely to be Black and Brown, who have not had the privilege, the ability to access vaccine yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disparities in vaccine access have sowed suspicion and distrust in communities of color, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.prep4all.org/news/kenyon-farrow-joins-the-prep4all-team\">Kenyon Farrow\u003c/a>, with the advocacy group Prep4All.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrow says public health leaders still have to do more to explain why this new strategy is not necessarily inferior. He says a sentiment he's seen online, especially from gay men of color, is that \"they let White gay men take all the first full doses. And so we're now supposed to believe that a fifth of that dose is going to do us just as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials say they're working to bridge these disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the White House monkeypox response team announced a pilot program to bring vaccines to Pride festivals and events where they can reach the gay, bisexual and queer communities at highest risk for contracting the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of the events we're focusing on are events that focus on populations who are overrepresented in this outbreak,\" including Black and Latino individuals, Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/02/president-biden-announces-team-to-lead-monkeypox-response/\">Demetre Daskalakis,\u003c/a> deputy coordinator of the national monkeypox response, said on Thursday during a briefing with federal health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really about positioning messaging and biomedical interventions where people can reach it, and also making sure that we're going to the right places and talking about the right people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+new+U.S.+monkeypox+vaccine+strategy+offers+more+doses+%E2%80%94+and+uncertainty&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What's Behind the FDA's Controversial Strategy for Evaluating New COVID Boosters",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is using a controversial strategy to evaluate the next generation of COVID-19 boosters.[aside label=\"related stories\" tag=\"booster-shots\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is stirring debate as the agency works to make new, hopefully improved, boosters available in September to help prevent severe disease and save lives in the fall and winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, the FDA is planning to base its decision about whether to authorize new boosters on studies involving mice instead of humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the FDA to rely on mouse data is just bizarre, in my opinion,” says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.weill.cornell.edu/person/profile/jpm2003\">John Moore\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. “Mouse data are not going to be predictive in any way of what you would see in humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others defend the approach, arguing that the country has had enough experience with the vaccines at this point to be confident the shots are safe and that there’s not enough time to wait for data from human studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have 500 people a day dying of coronavirus right now. Those numbers sadly might very well rise in the fall and the winter. The question is: ‘Can we do something better?'” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.childrenshospital.org/directory/ofer-levy\">Ofer Levy,\u003c/a> a pediatrics and infectious disease researcher at Harvard Medical School who also advises the FDA. “And I think the answer is: ‘We can, by implementing this approach.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The U.K. just approved a new booster\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The United Kingdom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/16/1117616159/uk-us-approved-omicron-booster-variant-ba5\">just approved a new booster\u003c/a> that targets both the original strain of the virus and the original omicron variant, called BA.1 — a so-called bivalent vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/14/1111473802/experts-question-the-fdas-covid-booster-strategy-ahead-of-autumn\"> FDA rejected BA.1 bivalent boosters last spring.\u003c/a> Instead, the FDA told the vaccine companies that make the mRNA vaccines, Moderna and Pfizer and BioNTech, to develop \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/28/1108387089/fda-advisers-recommend-new-covid-vaccines-designed-specifically-to-fend-off-omic\">bivalent vaccines that target the dominant omicron subvariants\u003c/a> — BA.4 and BA.5 — in the hopes they will offer stronger, longer-lasting protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the FDA decided to use a new, streamlined strategy for testing the new boosters. The agency is asking the companies to initially submit only the results of tests on mice. Regulators will rely on those results, along with the human neutralizing antibody data from the BA.1 bivalent booster studies, to decide whether to authorize the boosters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies will continue to gather more data from human studies; those results probably won’t be available until late October or early November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the big concern is the boosters may not work as well as the mouse data might suggest. Mouse experiments are notoriously unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with the government\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/04/1115756778/the-fda-is-not-expanding-eligibility-for-2nd-covid-boosters\"> telling people not to get the old boosters now\u003c/a> and rejecting the first bivalent vaccines, the FDA really needs good evidence that the BA.4/5 boosters are in fact better, critics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that we have solid immunogenicity data in people to show that you have a dramatically greater neutralizing antibody response against BA.4, BA.5,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\">Paul Offit \u003c/a>of the University of Pennsylvania, who also advises the FDA. “I think anything short of that is not acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some also worry that the approach may further erode the long-faltering efforts to persuade people to get boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it would be good to have neutralizing antibody data in a small group of humans,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/monica.gandhi\">Monica Gandhi,\u003c/a> an infectious disease researcher at the University of California, San Francisco. “Otherwise, extrapolation may be considered too great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others agree the time constraints mean the country can’t wait for more evidence. The billions of people who have gotten Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines show how safe they are, those experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new booster will be identical to the original vaccines except it will contain genetic coding for two versions of the protein the virus uses to infect cells — the protein from the original vaccine and proteins from the BA.4 and BA.5 omicron subvariants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some scientists say health officials know enough about how vaccines work to start handling the COVID-19 vaccines like the flu vaccines, which are changed every year to try to match whatever strains are likely to be circulating but aren’t routinely tested again every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to use all of these data that we’ve learned through not only from this vaccine but decades of viral immunology to say: ‘The way to be nimble is that we’re going to do those animal studies,” says \u003ca href=\"https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/person/deepta-bhattacharya-phd\">Deepta Bhattacharya\u003c/a>, an immunobiologist at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. “We’re really not going out too far on a limb here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies are expected to submit their data to the FDA by the end of the month and the administration hopes to make millions of doses of the new boosters available starting in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What%27s+behind+the+FDA%27s+controversial+strategy+for+evaluating+new+COVID+boosters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is stirring debate as the agency works to make new, hopefully improved, boosters available in September to help prevent severe disease and save lives in the fall and winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, the FDA is planning to base its decision about whether to authorize new boosters on studies involving mice instead of humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For the FDA to rely on mouse data is just bizarre, in my opinion,” says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.weill.cornell.edu/person/profile/jpm2003\">John Moore\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. “Mouse data are not going to be predictive in any way of what you would see in humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others defend the approach, arguing that the country has had enough experience with the vaccines at this point to be confident the shots are safe and that there’s not enough time to wait for data from human studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have 500 people a day dying of coronavirus right now. Those numbers sadly might very well rise in the fall and the winter. The question is: ‘Can we do something better?'” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.childrenshospital.org/directory/ofer-levy\">Ofer Levy,\u003c/a> a pediatrics and infectious disease researcher at Harvard Medical School who also advises the FDA. “And I think the answer is: ‘We can, by implementing this approach.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The U.K. just approved a new booster\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The United Kingdom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/16/1117616159/uk-us-approved-omicron-booster-variant-ba5\">just approved a new booster\u003c/a> that targets both the original strain of the virus and the original omicron variant, called BA.1 — a so-called bivalent vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/14/1111473802/experts-question-the-fdas-covid-booster-strategy-ahead-of-autumn\"> FDA rejected BA.1 bivalent boosters last spring.\u003c/a> Instead, the FDA told the vaccine companies that make the mRNA vaccines, Moderna and Pfizer and BioNTech, to develop \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/28/1108387089/fda-advisers-recommend-new-covid-vaccines-designed-specifically-to-fend-off-omic\">bivalent vaccines that target the dominant omicron subvariants\u003c/a> — BA.4 and BA.5 — in the hopes they will offer stronger, longer-lasting protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the FDA decided to use a new, streamlined strategy for testing the new boosters. The agency is asking the companies to initially submit only the results of tests on mice. Regulators will rely on those results, along with the human neutralizing antibody data from the BA.1 bivalent booster studies, to decide whether to authorize the boosters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies will continue to gather more data from human studies; those results probably won’t be available until late October or early November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the big concern is the boosters may not work as well as the mouse data might suggest. Mouse experiments are notoriously unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with the government\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/04/1115756778/the-fda-is-not-expanding-eligibility-for-2nd-covid-boosters\"> telling people not to get the old boosters now\u003c/a> and rejecting the first bivalent vaccines, the FDA really needs good evidence that the BA.4/5 boosters are in fact better, critics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that we have solid immunogenicity data in people to show that you have a dramatically greater neutralizing antibody response against BA.4, BA.5,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\">Paul Offit \u003c/a>of the University of Pennsylvania, who also advises the FDA. “I think anything short of that is not acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some also worry that the approach may further erode the long-faltering efforts to persuade people to get boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it would be good to have neutralizing antibody data in a small group of humans,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/monica.gandhi\">Monica Gandhi,\u003c/a> an infectious disease researcher at the University of California, San Francisco. “Otherwise, extrapolation may be considered too great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others agree the time constraints mean the country can’t wait for more evidence. The billions of people who have gotten Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccines show how safe they are, those experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new booster will be identical to the original vaccines except it will contain genetic coding for two versions of the protein the virus uses to infect cells — the protein from the original vaccine and proteins from the BA.4 and BA.5 omicron subvariants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some scientists say health officials know enough about how vaccines work to start handling the COVID-19 vaccines like the flu vaccines, which are changed every year to try to match whatever strains are likely to be circulating but aren’t routinely tested again every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to use all of these data that we’ve learned through not only from this vaccine but decades of viral immunology to say: ‘The way to be nimble is that we’re going to do those animal studies,” says \u003ca href=\"https://cancercenter.arizona.edu/person/deepta-bhattacharya-phd\">Deepta Bhattacharya\u003c/a>, an immunobiologist at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. “We’re really not going out too far on a limb here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies are expected to submit their data to the FDA by the end of the month and the administration hopes to make millions of doses of the new boosters available starting in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What%27s+behind+the+FDA%27s+controversial+strategy+for+evaluating+new+COVID+boosters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the Postal Service asked Rafael López to design a commemorative stamp representing Latin American culture in the United States, he knew exactly what to show: a mariachi band.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he knew just one stamp was not going to be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The contribution of mariachi music is huge. We cannot just recognize it with one stamp. We need to create at least a series of five,\" the Mexican American artist told NPR at the launch this month in the Smithsonian's National Postal Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I went back to the director and I said, what if we actually have five different musicians? You can't fit five of them in one little step. I don't think that's enough honor, you know, to mariachi music.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first time a mariachi band is featured on U.S. stamps, according to the Postal Museum. And for some in the Latino community, it's recognition of how their heritage and culture are part of the American fabric. López himself splits his time between San Miguel de Allende in Mexico and San Diego, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a black hat and bowling shirt poses in front of a wall that reads National Postal Museum\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1090\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-1536x1046.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">López stops under the museum marquee while taking a tour before the launch event. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He used his upbringing in Mexico City as part of the inspiration for the stamps, especially the band members and the vibrant colors that fill the stamps, which have \u003ca href=\"https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2022/0715-usps-issues-new-mariachi-forever-stamps.htm\">an initial print of 18 million sets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López said he wanted to put the focus on the features of the characters depicted on the stamps, leaving a nondescript background with the pastel-colored homes of Mexican antiquity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1116953193/1117385540\" width=\"100%\" height=\"240\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The background is very simple. It just resembles some kind of a Mexican town,\" he said. \"But if you see it very closely, it's just like color shapes. And I wanted to pay focus on the actual expression of the singers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The features López focused on were more passionate expressions made by those musicians at the height of their harmony. The faces of the band members compete for space on the stamps with their uniforms and instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're beautiful uniforms, those Charro outfits,\" López said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a man holds a sheet of postage stamps\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-800x610.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-1020x777.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-1536x1170.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">López signs a set of stamps at the museum. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece is the leader of the group, a violinist holding her instrument in her left hand and her sombrero in the right as she belts out her operatic ballads. López set that up by design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I love when a female mariachi singers are out there. I also wanted it to be center stage, and I just wanted also to have a little bit of variety, you know, that you can tell that not only is she very talented with the violin, but she can also put it down and just belt away a great song.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The creative process was not quick\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It took two years of development before the set launched. Each stamp is priced at 60 cents and will carry on a cultural legacy forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The depictions of the band members comes from a long list of approved models, images and illustrations provided by the Postal Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when one of the models became unavailable, López used his nephew's face to create the musician holding the vihuela — a stringed instrument that resembles a guitar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I said, ask your brother to take photos of different angles of your face and you pretend to be playing the violin,\" López said. \"And after about 30 or 40 photos, I picked the best one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a sheet of postage stamps featuring mariachi musicians\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-800x740.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-1020x944.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-1536x1421.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">López points to a set of his mariachi stamps. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Mariachi comes to life at the museum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>López was not the only artist at the launch event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cañas y su Mariachi de Oro filled the museum's halls with music, entertaining visitors and volunteers. The five-piece band, based in Northern Virginia, played favorite pieces like \"Cielito Lindo\" and \"El Mariachi Loco Quiere Bailar,\" but the crowd of mostly families were wowed when the \u003cem>Pajaritos a Bailar\u003c/em> slowly transitioned to a rendition of \"Baby Shark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a five-person mariachi band poses in a museum\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-1536x1151.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Cañas y su Mariachi de Oro prepare to play for the crowd at the museum. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1116953193/1117276187\" width=\"100%\" height=\"240\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Cañas, the guitarist and lead singer of the group, told NPR he's happy to see a band like his on U.S. stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Es un honor para nosotros,\" he said. \u003cem>It's an honor for us.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López said rhythms and beats of the music — playing in an institution of American history — are key to a great mariachi sound anyone can enjoy, regardless of whether they understand Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before you know it, everybody's celebrating life and patting each other in the back. So there's that universal quality that the mariachi music has that you just can't help but feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the Postal Service asked Rafael López to design a commemorative stamp representing Latin American culture in the United States, he knew exactly what to show: a mariachi band.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he knew just one stamp was not going to be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The contribution of mariachi music is huge. We cannot just recognize it with one stamp. We need to create at least a series of five,\" the Mexican American artist told NPR at the launch this month in the Smithsonian's National Postal Museum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So I went back to the director and I said, what if we actually have five different musicians? You can't fit five of them in one little step. I don't think that's enough honor, you know, to mariachi music.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the first time a mariachi band is featured on U.S. stamps, according to the Postal Museum. And for some in the Latino community, it's recognition of how their heritage and culture are part of the American fabric. López himself splits his time between San Miguel de Allende in Mexico and San Diego, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922681\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing a black hat and bowling shirt poses in front of a wall that reads National Postal Museum\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1090\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1576_custom-1fe308c1508f8998a34b3e2f2e2b580184e33c86-s1600-c85-1536x1046.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">López stops under the museum marquee while taking a tour before the launch event. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He used his upbringing in Mexico City as part of the inspiration for the stamps, especially the band members and the vibrant colors that fill the stamps, which have \u003ca href=\"https://about.usps.com/newsroom/national-releases/2022/0715-usps-issues-new-mariachi-forever-stamps.htm\">an initial print of 18 million sets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López said he wanted to put the focus on the features of the characters depicted on the stamps, leaving a nondescript background with the pastel-colored homes of Mexican antiquity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1116953193/1117385540\" width=\"100%\" height=\"240\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The background is very simple. It just resembles some kind of a Mexican town,\" he said. \"But if you see it very closely, it's just like color shapes. And I wanted to pay focus on the actual expression of the singers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The features López focused on were more passionate expressions made by those musicians at the height of their harmony. The faces of the band members compete for space on the stamps with their uniforms and instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're beautiful uniforms, those Charro outfits,\" López said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a man holds a sheet of postage stamps\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-800x610.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-1020x777.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/img_1606_custom-db9007e7b78fa022c60f78b74cb61937dcaa861e-s1600-c85-1536x1170.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">López signs a set of stamps at the museum. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece is the leader of the group, a violinist holding her instrument in her left hand and her sombrero in the right as she belts out her operatic ballads. López set that up by design.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I love when a female mariachi singers are out there. I also wanted it to be center stage, and I just wanted also to have a little bit of variety, you know, that you can tell that not only is she very talented with the violin, but she can also put it down and just belt away a great song.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The creative process was not quick\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It took two years of development before the set launched. Each stamp is priced at 60 cents and will carry on a cultural legacy forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The depictions of the band members comes from a long list of approved models, images and illustrations provided by the Postal Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when one of the models became unavailable, López used his nephew's face to create the musician holding the vihuela — a stringed instrument that resembles a guitar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I said, ask your brother to take photos of different angles of your face and you pretend to be playing the violin,\" López said. \"And after about 30 or 40 photos, I picked the best one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a sheet of postage stamps featuring mariachi musicians\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-800x740.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-1020x944.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/mariachi-stamps-gabriel-sanchez2_custom-95542dcb991e67ca20f462fb9209c1a13a747f96-s1600-c85-1536x1421.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">López points to a set of his mariachi stamps. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Mariachi comes to life at the museum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>López was not the only artist at the launch event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cañas y su Mariachi de Oro filled the museum's halls with music, entertaining visitors and volunteers. The five-piece band, based in Northern Virginia, played favorite pieces like \"Cielito Lindo\" and \"El Mariachi Loco Quiere Bailar,\" but the crowd of mostly families were wowed when the \u003cem>Pajaritos a Bailar\u003c/em> slowly transitioned to a rendition of \"Baby Shark.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11922686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11922686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a five-person mariachi band poses in a museum\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1199\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/MARIACHISTAMPS_custom-2db32d761f8301399fba8ebe8c3fb121f15ba159-s1600-c85-1536x1151.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Cañas y su Mariachi de Oro prepare to play for the crowd at the museum. \u003ccite>(Gabriel J. Sánchez/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/1116953193/1117276187\" width=\"100%\" height=\"240\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Cañas, the guitarist and lead singer of the group, told NPR he's happy to see a band like his on U.S. stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Es un honor para nosotros,\" he said. \u003cem>It's an honor for us.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López said rhythms and beats of the music — playing in an institution of American history — are key to a great mariachi sound anyone can enjoy, regardless of whether they understand Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before you know it, everybody's celebrating life and patting each other in the back. So there's that universal quality that the mariachi music has that you just can't help but feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "3-ways-the-inflation-reduction-act-would-pay-you-to-help-fight-climate-change",
"title": "3 Ways the Inflation Reduction Act Would Pay You to Help Fight Climate Change",
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"headTitle": "3 Ways the Inflation Reduction Act Would Pay You to Help Fight Climate Change | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Money in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\"> Inflation Reduction Act\u003c/a> would make it cheaper for Americans to curb their own climate-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the bill’s climate benefits would come from incentivizing major shifts, such as building more wind and solar power, individual choices can add up when undertaken on a large scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about three ways the bill would pay consumers to make greener choices if it passes the House of Representatives, as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for efficient electric appliances — and the home upgrades needed to support them\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first home benefit Americans would see is a tax credit for energy efficiency upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Inflation Reduction Act calls for reviving a credit that ended last year, making it retroactive for all of 2022 and extending it for more than a decade. Homeowners who front the cost of energy efficiency improvements, from new doors and windows to more efficient appliances, would be able to claim up to $1,200 a year or 30% of the total cost at tax time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the road, the bill would also set aside more than $8 billion for two rebate programs, aimed at lower- and middle-income households. One would incentivize replacing old appliances with new energy-efficient ones, as well as the home upgrades necessary to support them; and the other, to cut down on energy wasted at home. But those will take time to set up because states must apply for the money and set up systems to implement the rebates, according to Lowell Ungar, director of federal policy with the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), a nonprofit research organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once that happens, the language in the bill allows for the rebates to take effect at the point of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rebate actually means a discount,” says Jamal Lewis, director of Policy Partnerships and Equitable Electrification at Rewiring America. Buyers who make 80% or less of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html\"> area median income\u003c/a> can access the most money, while those making up to 150% of area median income see a smaller benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rebates are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,750 for a heat pump water heater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $8,000 for a heat pump for space heating or cooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $840 for an electric stove, cooktop, range, or oven; or an electric heat pump clothes dryer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $4,000 for a breaker box upgrade.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,600 for insulation, air sealing, and ventilation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $2,500 for electric wiring.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Once installed, certain appliances like heat pumps are also cheaper to run in most of the United States, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aceee.org/press-release/2022/07/analysis-electric-heat-pumps-offer-cheapest-clean-heating-option-most-us\">according to ACEEE\u003c/a>. Electric appliances, unlike fossil-fuel-powered ones, can also switch to run on renewable energy as more wind and solar power are added to the grid. Simply put, “it’s a cleaner, better approach” to home energy, Ungar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1978640,science_1978423,news_11921266\"]The Act would also create a second rebate program, which would pay households between $2,000 and $8,000 for undertaking holistic upgrades such as new insulation or air sealing, which significantly lower their energy waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for residential solar panels and energy storage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For homeowners looking to capture renewable energy themselves, the Act would bulk up existing tax credits for residential solar and as well home energy storage systems, basically giant batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these measures would reduce a building’s draw on the electric grid during peak use, for example, when everyone is running their air conditioners during a heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really strengthens the grid for everybody,” says Abigail Ross Hopper, president of the Solar Energy Industries Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners could get up to 30% of the cost of home solar back at tax time, retroactive to the beginning of 2022 and running through 2032, with the amount tapering until the end of 2034. The same incentive would apply to storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Electric vehicle tax credits aims to help low- and middle-income buyers, but excludes many vehicles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Experts say the bill’s electric vehicle tax credits — up to $7,500 for a new EV and $4,000 for a used one — are a mixed bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some measures would democratize who can buy an EV, according to John Helveston, an assistant professor at George Washington University who studies EV markets. Eligible buyers can’t make more than $300,000/year on a jointly filed tax return when claiming the credit for a new EV, and the money cannot apply to a car that sells for more than $55,000, or truck/SUV/van priced higher than $80,000, a step that excludes luxury vehicles from the tax credit scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s steering everything towards making more affordable, more accessible EVs for the mass market. And that’s the direction we need to be going,” says Helveston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credits could also be transferred to car dealers, in order to apply at the time of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But half of the tax credit amount is tied to gradually increasing requirements that critical minerals used to make EV batteries come from North America or the U.S.’s free trade partners, something manufacturers say is difficult if not impossible right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we work to unlock supplies of critical minerals and ramp up battery production at home, we can’t currently meet the demand for these materials on our own,” wrote John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/press-release/auto-innovators-statement-on-inflation-reduction-act\"> statement\u003c/a> on the Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group estimated that the language in the bill would exclude many models from qualifying, and that\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/blog/what-if-no-evs-qualify-for-the-ev-tax-credit\"> none could qualify for the full $7,500\u003c/a> once the mineral requirements kick in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, consumers should not despair, says Helveston, since the other half of the tax credit should be accessible for at least some vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not all or nothing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+ways+the+Inflation+Reduction+Act+would+pay+you+to+help+fight+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some of the Act's $369 billion in energy and climate spending aims to make it easier and cheaper for Americans to live more sustainably. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Money in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\"> Inflation Reduction Act\u003c/a> would make it cheaper for Americans to curb their own climate-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most of the bill’s climate benefits would come from incentivizing major shifts, such as building more wind and solar power, individual choices can add up when undertaken on a large scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about three ways the bill would pay consumers to make greener choices if it passes the House of Representatives, as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for efficient electric appliances — and the home upgrades needed to support them\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first home benefit Americans would see is a tax credit for energy efficiency upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Inflation Reduction Act calls for reviving a credit that ended last year, making it retroactive for all of 2022 and extending it for more than a decade. Homeowners who front the cost of energy efficiency improvements, from new doors and windows to more efficient appliances, would be able to claim up to $1,200 a year or 30% of the total cost at tax time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Down the road, the bill would also set aside more than $8 billion for two rebate programs, aimed at lower- and middle-income households. One would incentivize replacing old appliances with new energy-efficient ones, as well as the home upgrades necessary to support them; and the other, to cut down on energy wasted at home. But those will take time to set up because states must apply for the money and set up systems to implement the rebates, according to Lowell Ungar, director of federal policy with the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), a nonprofit research organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once that happens, the language in the bill allows for the rebates to take effect at the point of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rebate actually means a discount,” says Jamal Lewis, director of Policy Partnerships and Equitable Electrification at Rewiring America. Buyers who make 80% or less of the\u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/il.html\"> area median income\u003c/a> can access the most money, while those making up to 150% of area median income see a smaller benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rebates are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,750 for a heat pump water heater.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $8,000 for a heat pump for space heating or cooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $840 for an electric stove, cooktop, range, or oven; or an electric heat pump clothes dryer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $4,000 for a breaker box upgrade.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $1,600 for insulation, air sealing, and ventilation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Up to $2,500 for electric wiring.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Once installed, certain appliances like heat pumps are also cheaper to run in most of the United States, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aceee.org/press-release/2022/07/analysis-electric-heat-pumps-offer-cheapest-clean-heating-option-most-us\">according to ACEEE\u003c/a>. Electric appliances, unlike fossil-fuel-powered ones, can also switch to run on renewable energy as more wind and solar power are added to the grid. Simply put, “it’s a cleaner, better approach” to home energy, Ungar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Act would also create a second rebate program, which would pay households between $2,000 and $8,000 for undertaking holistic upgrades such as new insulation or air sealing, which significantly lower their energy waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Money for residential solar panels and energy storage\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For homeowners looking to capture renewable energy themselves, the Act would bulk up existing tax credits for residential solar and as well home energy storage systems, basically giant batteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these measures would reduce a building’s draw on the electric grid during peak use, for example, when everyone is running their air conditioners during a heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really strengthens the grid for everybody,” says Abigail Ross Hopper, president of the Solar Energy Industries Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners could get up to 30% of the cost of home solar back at tax time, retroactive to the beginning of 2022 and running through 2032, with the amount tapering until the end of 2034. The same incentive would apply to storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Electric vehicle tax credits aims to help low- and middle-income buyers, but excludes many vehicles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Experts say the bill’s electric vehicle tax credits — up to $7,500 for a new EV and $4,000 for a used one — are a mixed bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some measures would democratize who can buy an EV, according to John Helveston, an assistant professor at George Washington University who studies EV markets. Eligible buyers can’t make more than $300,000/year on a jointly filed tax return when claiming the credit for a new EV, and the money cannot apply to a car that sells for more than $55,000, or truck/SUV/van priced higher than $80,000, a step that excludes luxury vehicles from the tax credit scheme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s steering everything towards making more affordable, more accessible EVs for the mass market. And that’s the direction we need to be going,” says Helveston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credits could also be transferred to car dealers, in order to apply at the time of sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But half of the tax credit amount is tied to gradually increasing requirements that critical minerals used to make EV batteries come from North America or the U.S.’s free trade partners, something manufacturers say is difficult if not impossible right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we work to unlock supplies of critical minerals and ramp up battery production at home, we can’t currently meet the demand for these materials on our own,” wrote John Bozzella, president and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/press-release/auto-innovators-statement-on-inflation-reduction-act\"> statement\u003c/a> on the Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group estimated that the language in the bill would exclude many models from qualifying, and that\u003ca href=\"https://www.autosinnovate.org/posts/blog/what-if-no-evs-qualify-for-the-ev-tax-credit\"> none could qualify for the full $7,500\u003c/a> once the mineral requirements kick in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, consumers should not despair, says Helveston, since the other half of the tax credit should be accessible for at least some vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not all or nothing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=3+ways+the+Inflation+Reduction+Act+would+pay+you+to+help+fight+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pelosi Has Landed in Taiwan. Here's Why That's a Big Deal",
"title": "Pelosi Has Landed in Taiwan. Here's Why That's a Big Deal",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated August 2, 2022 at 11:19 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a San Francisco Democrat, landed in Taiwan late Tuesday evening local time, and she is expected to meet members of Taiwan's Legislature and President Tsai Ing-wen on Wednesday, according to a source familiar with planning for her visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly-anticipated stop has faced stark warnings from China, in turn worrying the White House that it could trigger a crisis in the Taiwan Strait and worsen already tense U.S.-China relations. China sent two Su-35 fighter jets across the Taiwan strait ahead of Pelosi's arrival, according to state broadcaster CCTV, and the spokeswoman for China's foreign ministry said on Twitter, \"The US & Taiwan have made provocations together first, whereas China has been compelled to act in self-defense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visit was not announced in advance, and it comes as part of Pelosi's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/01/1114818421/pelosi-begins-asia-tour-in-singapore-with-no-official-word-if-shell-visit-taiwan\">tour of Asia\u003c/a>, including Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and South Korea, where she has been leading a small congressional delegation. She is the highest-ranking elected American official to visit Taiwan since then-Speaker Newt Gingrich in 1997. The source familiar with planning for Pelosi's visit says she will be given an award by Taiwan's president and visit a museum before departing on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The island democracy governs itself, but China claims it as its territory. Rumors of Pelosi's visit launched a geopolitical firestorm amid escalating tensions between the U.S. and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Taiwanese government has operated separately from the mainland since nationalists fled there after losing the civil war to communists in 1949. Thirty years later, the U.S. switched diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, adopting what's known as the \"One China\" policy, in which Washington acknowledges Beijing's position that Taiwan is a part of China. However, the U.S. has never supported China's claim of sovereignty over Taiwan and maintains a substantial, though unofficial, relationship with the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Pelosi coverage\" tag=\"nancy-pelosi\"]Pelosi penned \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/08/02/nancy-pelosi-taiwan-visit-op-ed/\">an opinion piece published by the \u003cem>Washington Post \u003c/em>\u003c/a>upon her arrival citing the Taiwan Relations Act as establishing a commitment to Taiwan's democracy and defense, adding, \"We must stand by Taiwan, which is an island of resilience.\" She said Taiwan is under threat by the government in Beijing economically, in cyberspace, and potentially by military force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the face of the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) accelerating aggression, our congressional delegation's visit should be seen as an unequivocal statement that America stands with Taiwan, our democratic partner, as it defends itself and its freedom,\" Pelosi wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Pelosi's visit, the Chinese Foreign Ministry released a statement that said, in part, it was a \"serious violation of the one-China principle.\" The ministry added, \"It gravely undermines peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and sends a seriously wrong signal to the separatist forces for 'Taiwan independence.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, the U.S. is obligated to provide Taiwan with weapons and services. But the U.S. policy of \"strategic ambiguity\" keeps open the question of whether it would intervene in the case of a military invasion by China. The Biden administration has been accused of mixed messaging on this,\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/28/1048513474/biden-us-taiwan-china\"> after Biden said on multiple occasions that\u003c/a> the U.S. would come to Taiwan's defense; a sentiment the White House walked back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese government remains adamantly opposed to any official exchanges between Taiwan's government and other foreign governments, and views official American contact with Taiwan as an indication of support for its independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's trip comes days after Biden and Xi Jinping \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/28/1114314905/biden-and-chinas-xi-discuss-tensions-over-taiwan\">spoke by phone on a wide range of issues\u003c/a>, including Taiwan. Biden sought to reassure his Chinese counterpart that U.S. policy hasn't changed, saying it \"strongly opposes unilateral efforts to change the status quo or undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait,\" according to the official U.S. readout of the call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Biden told reporters the U.S. military thinks a Taiwan visit by Pelosi is \"not a good idea right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Pelosi said \"it's important for us to show support for Taiwan,\" during a press conference on July 21. Her visit got a statement of praise from a group of Republican senators after she landed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I also think that none of us has ever said we're for independence when it comes to Taiwan,\" Pelosi said. \"That's up to Taiwan to decide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A sensitive time'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The visit will occur at a sensitive time for Beijing,\" said Ryan Hass, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. \"It coincides with the PLA (People's Liberation Army) Day, the National Day in honor of the establishment of their military, and it is in the run-up to a leadership conclave this month to talk about plans for the future of China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also comes as Xi looks to secure a tradition-breaking third term in office, in an environment where he faces his own political and economic pressures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He may particularly feel that he can't be seen as soft on the United States and therefore react even more strongly than he might otherwise,\" said Bonnie Glaser, director of the Asia Program at the German Marshall Fund of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xi \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/31/1114758974/as-tensions-with-the-u-s-rise-china-signals-disappointing-economic-growth\">reportedly told Biden during their call\u003c/a> that \"those who play with fire will get burned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This quote is the exact same language that he used regarding Taiwan in a previous conversation that he had with President Biden,\" said Glaser. \"That signals to me that he made a deliberate decision not to say something that would be seen as more alarming than in the last phone call that he had.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>White House calls for calm\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On Monday, China's foreign ministry said China's military would \"not sit idly by\" if Pelosi visits Taiwan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Security Council spokesman John Kirby urged China not to escalate tensions in response to any visit from Pelosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no reason for Beijing to turn a potential visit, consistent with longstanding U.S. policy, into some sort of crisis or conflict or use it as a pretext to increase aggressive military activity in or around the Taiwan Strait,\" Kirby said during a White House briefing Monday afternoon, adding that members of Congress routinely visit Taiwan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kirby warned that China could respond to such a visit with threatening actions, noting the Chinese military conducted a live-fire exercise near Taiwan over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"China appears to be positioning itself to potentially take further steps in the coming days and perhaps over longer time horizons,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pelosi is a leading China critic\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pelosi has a decades-long record of being hawkish on China and an outspoken advocate for human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Pelosi joined a small congressional delegation in Tiananmen Square, two years after the violent protests. She helped unfurl a banner that read: \"to those who died for democracy in China.\" Pelosi, along with two other members of Congress, was subsequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/NancyPelosi/videos/to-those-who-died-for-democracy/255745505496918/\">pulled aside for questioning\u003c/a> by Chinese police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She played an active role in trying to create a path for Chinese political prisoners and dissidents to be able to come to the United States,\" Hass said. \"She has been a longtime champion of Tibet and the Dalai Lama and she rarely misses opportunities to make her views known on Chinese actions that she feels violate American values or American interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi has \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/3e43376effdc4e698296ee8b173e338d\">met with Hong Kong pro-democracy protestor\u003c/a>s and has been vocal in her support of ethnic Uyghurs, who U.S. officials say have been subjected to a genocide in China's Xinjiang region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she oversaw the House approval of legislation \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/08/1062479381/house-approves-a-bill-barring-imports-of-goods-produced-by-uighurs-in-china\">imposing economic sanctions on China\u003c/a> for goods sold to Americans from the forced labor of Muslim Uyghurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I take second place to no one in the Congress of the United States in my criticism of China,\" Pelosi said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hass said he thinks Beijing is \"triggered\" by Pelosi's longstanding record along with the \"symbolism\" of her visiting Taiwan as the person second in the line of presidential succession.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will China retaliate?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The last major crisis in the Taiwan Strait came in 1995 and 1996, when Taiwan's leader at the time, Lee Teng-hui, sought to visit his alma mater in the U.S. Ultimately, Lee did make the visit; an outraged China retaliated by firing missiles into the waters around Taiwan, and then-President Bill Clinton ordered aircraft carriers into area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The argument was 'Chinese communists can't tell the United States who they can grant a visa to,'\" Hass described. \"Today, the argument is 'Chinese Communists can't tell the speaker of the house where she can travel or who she can meet with.' So we're hearing echoes of the last cross-strait crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How Beijing ultimately decides to respond to Pelosi's visit could drastically change U.S.-China relations and regional dynamics moving forward. Predicting Xi's next steps is difficult, as he's weighing various economic, domestic and global political considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over the past 10 years, [Xi] has built a political brand for strength, resolve and toughness in the face of American pressure,\" Hass said. \"I don't think in the run-up to a party congress where his future fate will be determined, he will want to do anything that could diminish or degrade that brand that he's developed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonny Lin, director of the China Power Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said she doesn't anticipate any \"direct attacks on the United States or any of our aircraft or vessels accompanying this visit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there is a risk if China wanted to engage in aggressive maneuvers against U.S. or Taiwan aircraft or vessels, if they wanted to try to fire warning shots at our vessels or our aircraft, then there's a real chance of an accident occurring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin says, beyond military means, it's likely China would engage in some form of political or economic retaliation. She says that extends to the world stage, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should ask the question: is it possible that one potential form of Chinese escalation could be to provide more geopolitical support to Russia? If that's even on the table, then there's a lot of potential impact that the Pelosi visit might have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pelosi+has+landed+in+Taiwan.+Here%27s+why+that%27s+a+big+deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated August 2, 2022 at 11:19 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, a San Francisco Democrat, landed in Taiwan late Tuesday evening local time, and she is expected to meet members of Taiwan's Legislature and President Tsai Ing-wen on Wednesday, according to a source familiar with planning for her visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly-anticipated stop has faced stark warnings from China, in turn worrying the White House that it could trigger a crisis in the Taiwan Strait and worsen already tense U.S.-China relations. China sent two Su-35 fighter jets across the Taiwan strait ahead of Pelosi's arrival, according to state broadcaster CCTV, and the spokeswoman for China's foreign ministry said on Twitter, \"The US & Taiwan have made provocations together first, whereas China has been compelled to act in self-defense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visit was not announced in advance, and it comes as part of Pelosi's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/01/1114818421/pelosi-begins-asia-tour-in-singapore-with-no-official-word-if-shell-visit-taiwan\">tour of Asia\u003c/a>, including Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and South Korea, where she has been leading a small congressional delegation. She is the highest-ranking elected American official to visit Taiwan since then-Speaker Newt Gingrich in 1997. The source familiar with planning for Pelosi's visit says she will be given an award by Taiwan's president and visit a museum before departing on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The island democracy governs itself, but China claims it as its territory. Rumors of Pelosi's visit launched a geopolitical firestorm amid escalating tensions between the U.S. and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Taiwanese government has operated separately from the mainland since nationalists fled there after losing the civil war to communists in 1949. Thirty years later, the U.S. switched diplomatic recognition from Taipei to Beijing, adopting what's known as the \"One China\" policy, in which Washington acknowledges Beijing's position that Taiwan is a part of China. However, the U.S. has never supported China's claim of sovereignty over Taiwan and maintains a substantial, though unofficial, relationship with the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pelosi penned \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/08/02/nancy-pelosi-taiwan-visit-op-ed/\">an opinion piece published by the \u003cem>Washington Post \u003c/em>\u003c/a>upon her arrival citing the Taiwan Relations Act as establishing a commitment to Taiwan's democracy and defense, adding, \"We must stand by Taiwan, which is an island of resilience.\" She said Taiwan is under threat by the government in Beijing economically, in cyberspace, and potentially by military force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the face of the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) accelerating aggression, our congressional delegation's visit should be seen as an unequivocal statement that America stands with Taiwan, our democratic partner, as it defends itself and its freedom,\" Pelosi wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to Pelosi's visit, the Chinese Foreign Ministry released a statement that said, in part, it was a \"serious violation of the one-China principle.\" The ministry added, \"It gravely undermines peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, and sends a seriously wrong signal to the separatist forces for 'Taiwan independence.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, the U.S. is obligated to provide Taiwan with weapons and services. But the U.S. policy of \"strategic ambiguity\" keeps open the question of whether it would intervene in the case of a military invasion by China. The Biden administration has been accused of mixed messaging on this,\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/28/1048513474/biden-us-taiwan-china\"> after Biden said on multiple occasions that\u003c/a> the U.S. would come to Taiwan's defense; a sentiment the White House walked back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese government remains adamantly opposed to any official exchanges between Taiwan's government and other foreign governments, and views official American contact with Taiwan as an indication of support for its independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's trip comes days after Biden and Xi Jinping \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/28/1114314905/biden-and-chinas-xi-discuss-tensions-over-taiwan\">spoke by phone on a wide range of issues\u003c/a>, including Taiwan. Biden sought to reassure his Chinese counterpart that U.S. policy hasn't changed, saying it \"strongly opposes unilateral efforts to change the status quo or undermine peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait,\" according to the official U.S. readout of the call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Biden told reporters the U.S. military thinks a Taiwan visit by Pelosi is \"not a good idea right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Pelosi said \"it's important for us to show support for Taiwan,\" during a press conference on July 21. Her visit got a statement of praise from a group of Republican senators after she landed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I also think that none of us has ever said we're for independence when it comes to Taiwan,\" Pelosi said. \"That's up to Taiwan to decide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A sensitive time'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The visit will occur at a sensitive time for Beijing,\" said Ryan Hass, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. \"It coincides with the PLA (People's Liberation Army) Day, the National Day in honor of the establishment of their military, and it is in the run-up to a leadership conclave this month to talk about plans for the future of China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also comes as Xi looks to secure a tradition-breaking third term in office, in an environment where he faces his own political and economic pressures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He may particularly feel that he can't be seen as soft on the United States and therefore react even more strongly than he might otherwise,\" said Bonnie Glaser, director of the Asia Program at the German Marshall Fund of the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xi \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/31/1114758974/as-tensions-with-the-u-s-rise-china-signals-disappointing-economic-growth\">reportedly told Biden during their call\u003c/a> that \"those who play with fire will get burned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This quote is the exact same language that he used regarding Taiwan in a previous conversation that he had with President Biden,\" said Glaser. \"That signals to me that he made a deliberate decision not to say something that would be seen as more alarming than in the last phone call that he had.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>White House calls for calm\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On Monday, China's foreign ministry said China's military would \"not sit idly by\" if Pelosi visits Taiwan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Security Council spokesman John Kirby urged China not to escalate tensions in response to any visit from Pelosi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no reason for Beijing to turn a potential visit, consistent with longstanding U.S. policy, into some sort of crisis or conflict or use it as a pretext to increase aggressive military activity in or around the Taiwan Strait,\" Kirby said during a White House briefing Monday afternoon, adding that members of Congress routinely visit Taiwan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Kirby warned that China could respond to such a visit with threatening actions, noting the Chinese military conducted a live-fire exercise near Taiwan over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"China appears to be positioning itself to potentially take further steps in the coming days and perhaps over longer time horizons,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pelosi is a leading China critic\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pelosi has a decades-long record of being hawkish on China and an outspoken advocate for human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, Pelosi joined a small congressional delegation in Tiananmen Square, two years after the violent protests. She helped unfurl a banner that read: \"to those who died for democracy in China.\" Pelosi, along with two other members of Congress, was subsequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/NancyPelosi/videos/to-those-who-died-for-democracy/255745505496918/\">pulled aside for questioning\u003c/a> by Chinese police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She played an active role in trying to create a path for Chinese political prisoners and dissidents to be able to come to the United States,\" Hass said. \"She has been a longtime champion of Tibet and the Dalai Lama and she rarely misses opportunities to make her views known on Chinese actions that she feels violate American values or American interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi has \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/3e43376effdc4e698296ee8b173e338d\">met with Hong Kong pro-democracy protestor\u003c/a>s and has been vocal in her support of ethnic Uyghurs, who U.S. officials say have been subjected to a genocide in China's Xinjiang region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she oversaw the House approval of legislation \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/08/1062479381/house-approves-a-bill-barring-imports-of-goods-produced-by-uighurs-in-china\">imposing economic sanctions on China\u003c/a> for goods sold to Americans from the forced labor of Muslim Uyghurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I take second place to no one in the Congress of the United States in my criticism of China,\" Pelosi said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hass said he thinks Beijing is \"triggered\" by Pelosi's longstanding record along with the \"symbolism\" of her visiting Taiwan as the person second in the line of presidential succession.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will China retaliate?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The last major crisis in the Taiwan Strait came in 1995 and 1996, when Taiwan's leader at the time, Lee Teng-hui, sought to visit his alma mater in the U.S. Ultimately, Lee did make the visit; an outraged China retaliated by firing missiles into the waters around Taiwan, and then-President Bill Clinton ordered aircraft carriers into area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The argument was 'Chinese communists can't tell the United States who they can grant a visa to,'\" Hass described. \"Today, the argument is 'Chinese Communists can't tell the speaker of the house where she can travel or who she can meet with.' So we're hearing echoes of the last cross-strait crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How Beijing ultimately decides to respond to Pelosi's visit could drastically change U.S.-China relations and regional dynamics moving forward. Predicting Xi's next steps is difficult, as he's weighing various economic, domestic and global political considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Over the past 10 years, [Xi] has built a political brand for strength, resolve and toughness in the face of American pressure,\" Hass said. \"I don't think in the run-up to a party congress where his future fate will be determined, he will want to do anything that could diminish or degrade that brand that he's developed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonny Lin, director of the China Power Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, said she doesn't anticipate any \"direct attacks on the United States or any of our aircraft or vessels accompanying this visit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there is a risk if China wanted to engage in aggressive maneuvers against U.S. or Taiwan aircraft or vessels, if they wanted to try to fire warning shots at our vessels or our aircraft, then there's a real chance of an accident occurring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin says, beyond military means, it's likely China would engage in some form of political or economic retaliation. She says that extends to the world stage, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We should ask the question: is it possible that one potential form of Chinese escalation could be to provide more geopolitical support to Russia? If that's even on the table, then there's a lot of potential impact that the Pelosi visit might have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pelosi+has+landed+in+Taiwan.+Here%27s+why+that%27s+a+big+deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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