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"content": "\u003cp>Bill Russell, who has died at the age of 88, was more than just a basketball superstar and world-class athlete. As a dedicated human rights activist, Russell fought against racial inequality both in and out of professional sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2011, Barack Obama presented Russell with the \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/15/remarks-president-honoring-recipients-2010-medal-freedom\">Presidential Medal of Freedom\u003c/a> in the East Room of the White House. He told those in attendance about Russell’s record 11 NBA titles, more than any player in history. All of the championships were playing for the Boston Celtics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"arts_13916840,forum_2010101855026\"]However, the president was more impressed by Russell’s life outside of his athletic accomplishments: marching with Martin Luther King Jr.; standing up for Muhammad Ali; and boycotting a game in Kentucky after his Black teammates were refused service in a coffee shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He endured insults and vandalism, but he kept on focusing on making the teammates who he loved better players, and made possible the success of so many who would follow,” Obama said in 2011. “And I hope that one day, in the streets of Boston, children will look up at a statue built not only to Bill Russell the player, but Bill Russell the man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The first game boycott over civil rights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In October 1961, the Boston Celtics were in Lexington, Ky., for a pre-season exhibition game. Before the game, Sam Jones and Tom Sanders, two Black members of the Boston team, were refused service when they tried to grab a bite to eat from the hotel’s cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark C. Bodanza’s biography of Sam Jones, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=XZ0ADAAAQBAJ&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63#v=onepage&q&f=false\">\u003cem>Ten Times a Champion\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Jones and Sanders walked away humiliated and angry. The two bumped into Russell and K.C. Jones on the way back to their hotel rooms and explained what had happened in the café.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four men brought the news to Celtics Coach Red Auerbach, who rang the hotel management about the incident. Though the players were eventually given permission to eat at the hotel, they wanted nothing to do with the establishment and chose to fly home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first boycotting of a game over a civil rights protest, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.basketballnetwork.net/old-school/how-bill-russells-forgotten-protest-changed-america\">the Basketball Network\u003c/a>. When the players landed back in Boston, they were welcomed by a predominantly white crowd that supported their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell told reporters the following day, per Bodanza: “We’ve got to show our disapproval of this kind of treatment or else the status quo will prevail. We have the same rights and privileges as anyone else and deserve to be treated accordingly. I hope we never have to go through this abuse again. But if it happens, we won’t hesitate to take the same action again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 60 years later, Russell referenced the incident as he applauded another NBA team for speaking out. In August 2020, players on the Milwaukee Bucks chose not to take the court in a playoff game against Orlando after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/08/26/906496470/a-dramatic-day-in-pro-sports-where-the-action-was-no-action\">police shot a Black man in Wisconsin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In [1961] I walked out if an exhibition game much like the [NBA] players did yesterday,” Russell wrote. “I am one of the few people that knows what it felt like to make such an important decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many of Russell’s most notable actions were during the 1960s\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Russell was at the 1963 March on Washington, \u003ca href=\"https://nba.nbcsports.com/2013/08/30/bill-russell-was-part-of-march-on-washington-was-near-dr-king-50-years-ago/\">sitting nearby\u003c/a> King as he delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another notable action came when Russell \u003ca href=\"https://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_AA92C22B9CD14E0EA30F8CC3137CA152\">spoke to students in support\u003c/a> of a one-day Black student boycott of Boston’s public schools to protest segregation that same year. He was involved in local issues in Boston, including being involved in planning the graduation and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostoncelticshistory.com/item/russell-takes-the-stand/?postId=533\">speaking to graduates\u003c/a> at a predominantly Black high school in 1966.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Medgar Evers was murdered in 1963, Russell traveled to Mississippi to work with Evers’ brother to open an \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/medgar-evers-assassination-in-1963-inspired-bill-russell-to-offer-help-in-mississippi/\">integrated basketball camp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1967, when boxing legend Muhammad Ali refused to fight in America’s war in Vietnam, Russell joined other prominent Black figures gathering in Cleveland to meet with Ali. Russell supported Ali’s decision to go to prison instead of denouncing his beliefs surrounding civil rights and religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later in life, he continued speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, he posted a photo of himself – wearing his Presidential Medal of Freedom – taking a knee in a sign of solidarity with protesters within the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Proud to take a knee, and to stand tall against social injustice,” Russell wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+a+racial+justice+activist%2C+NBA+great+Bill+Russell+was+a+legend+off+the+court&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Mark C. Bodanza’s biography of Sam Jones, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=XZ0ADAAAQBAJ&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63#v=onepage&q&f=false\">\u003cem>Ten Times a Champion\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Jones and Sanders walked away humiliated and angry. The two bumped into Russell and K.C. Jones on the way back to their hotel rooms and explained what had happened in the café.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four men brought the news to Celtics Coach Red Auerbach, who rang the hotel management about the incident. Though the players were eventually given permission to eat at the hotel, they wanted nothing to do with the establishment and chose to fly home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first boycotting of a game over a civil rights protest, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.basketballnetwork.net/old-school/how-bill-russells-forgotten-protest-changed-america\">the Basketball Network\u003c/a>. When the players landed back in Boston, they were welcomed by a predominantly white crowd that supported their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell told reporters the following day, per Bodanza: “We’ve got to show our disapproval of this kind of treatment or else the status quo will prevail. We have the same rights and privileges as anyone else and deserve to be treated accordingly. I hope we never have to go through this abuse again. But if it happens, we won’t hesitate to take the same action again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 60 years later, Russell referenced the incident as he applauded another NBA team for speaking out. In August 2020, players on the Milwaukee Bucks chose not to take the court in a playoff game against Orlando after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/08/26/906496470/a-dramatic-day-in-pro-sports-where-the-action-was-no-action\">police shot a Black man in Wisconsin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In [1961] I walked out if an exhibition game much like the [NBA] players did yesterday,” Russell wrote. “I am one of the few people that knows what it felt like to make such an important decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many of Russell’s most notable actions were during the 1960s\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Russell was at the 1963 March on Washington, \u003ca href=\"https://nba.nbcsports.com/2013/08/30/bill-russell-was-part-of-march-on-washington-was-near-dr-king-50-years-ago/\">sitting nearby\u003c/a> King as he delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another notable action came when Russell \u003ca href=\"https://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/A_AA92C22B9CD14E0EA30F8CC3137CA152\">spoke to students in support\u003c/a> of a one-day Black student boycott of Boston’s public schools to protest segregation that same year. He was involved in local issues in Boston, including being involved in planning the graduation and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostoncelticshistory.com/item/russell-takes-the-stand/?postId=533\">speaking to graduates\u003c/a> at a predominantly Black high school in 1966.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Medgar Evers was murdered in 1963, Russell traveled to Mississippi to work with Evers’ brother to open an \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/sports/medgar-evers-assassination-in-1963-inspired-bill-russell-to-offer-help-in-mississippi/\">integrated basketball camp\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1967, when boxing legend Muhammad Ali refused to fight in America’s war in Vietnam, Russell joined other prominent Black figures gathering in Cleveland to meet with Ali. Russell supported Ali’s decision to go to prison instead of denouncing his beliefs surrounding civil rights and religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later in life, he continued speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, he posted a photo of himself – wearing his Presidential Medal of Freedom – taking a knee in a sign of solidarity with protesters within the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Proud to take a knee, and to stand tall against social injustice,” Russell wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+a+racial+justice+activist%2C+NBA+great+Bill+Russell+was+a+legend+off+the+court&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Spiking Earlier Talks, Manchin Agrees to a New Deal on Climate and Taxes",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated July 27, 2022 at 9:00 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., and Sen. Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., have released preliminary details of a bill to address climate change, taxes, health care and inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement is a major reversal for Democrats, who had narrowed their ambitions for the package to address looming lapses in the Affordable Care Act and changes to prescription drug prices after Manchin raised concerns over approving more spending during record inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/15/1111675233/manchin-rejects-climate-and-tax-provisions-in-democrats-spending-package\">After many months of negotiations\u003c/a>, we have finalized legislative text that will invest approximately $300 billion in Deficit Reduction and $369.75 billion in \u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/summary_of_the_energy_security_and_climate_change_investments_in_the_inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\">Energy Security and Climate Change\u003c/a> programs over the next 10 years,” the senators said in a joint statement. “The investments will be fully paid for by closing tax loopholes on wealthy individuals and corporations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation — called the \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.democrats.senate.gov/inflation-reduction-act-one-page-summary__;!!Iwwt!T_erBxxpsxo0-Hmp8mN0_yyTMtr1hHNdwOqioGHm_BFtSoENMuYlN1rZvJA_mG15UD3A3FfsnoGpEzSZAONcKbXVivzI8w%24\">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022\u003c/a> — would also continue expansions to the Affordable Care Act that passed during the pandemic through 2025 and allow Medicare to pursue \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.democrats.senate.gov/topline-messages-for-senate-prescription-drug-pricing-reforms_fy22-budget-reconciliation__;!!Iwwt!T_erBxxpsxo0-Hmp8mN0_yyTMtr1hHNdwOqioGHm_BFtSoENMuYlN1rZvJA_mG15UD3A3FfsnoGpEzSZAONcKbWWL0vaEQ%24\">lower drug costs\u003c/a> by negotiating directly with drug companies. Democrats say the plan \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.democrats.senate.gov/summary-closing-tax-loopholes-in-the-inflation-reduction-act-of-2022__;!!Iwwt!T_erBxxpsxo0-Hmp8mN0_yyTMtr1hHNdwOqioGHm_BFtSoENMuYlN1rZvJA_mG15UD3A3FfsnoGpEzSZAONcKbXlchQO-A%24\">avoids any new taxes\u003c/a> on families making $400,000 or less and does not include any new taxes on small businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the bill \u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new agreement aims to “reduce carbon emissions by roughly 40% by 2030” and address inflation while also reducing the deficit, according to documents released by Schumer and Manchin. Schumer planned to submit the bill to the Senate parliamentarian for review on Wednesday night in order to start votes on the bill next week. Democrats plan to pass the bill using the budget process known as reconciliation to avoid a Republican filibuster, provided the legislation has unanimous support among Senate Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"climate-change\"]Manchin and Schumer say they have also reached an agreement with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and President Biden to pass a permitting reform bill by the end of the year, with the goal of easing permits for domestic energy production and transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement is a significant expansion of the very narrow bill Democrats had hoped to pass through reconciliation before the midterm elections, though it still falls far short of the broader Build Back Better plan they began negotiating last year. That proposal initially included massive domestic spending to address climate, taxes, health care and social programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manchin became the leading voice of opposition to major spending as inflation concerns grew in the country. He was able to single-handedly drive the talks because Democrats need unanimous support to pass the bill in the evenly divided Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement comes hours after the Senate passed a major bipartisan bill to expand domestic production of critical semiconductor chips that have been in short supply, leading to delays in the delivery of new cars and supply chain issues for smartphones, computers and medical equipment. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., had threatened to block the semiconductor bill, known as CHIPS, if Democrats continued to pursue climate and tax legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113470753/chip-production-semiconductor-senate\">Finalizing the CHIPS bill\u003c/a> paved the way for Democrats to reach a deal without the threat of losing support for the semiconductor bill they viewed as a critical economic and political achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step will be for the Senate parliamentarian to assess whether the proposals meet strict Senate budget rules that govern the reconciliation process. Once that is done, it will go through a vote-a-rama, a process that would serve to circumvent the 60-vote threshold that bills normally must cross in order to be passed. The House must then pass a similar bill before Biden signs it into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement after the deal was announced, Biden praised it as “the action the American people have been waiting for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This addresses the problems of today — high health care costs and overall inflation — as well as investments in our energy security for the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+spiking+earlier+talks%2C+Manchin+agrees+to+a+new+deal+on+climate+and+taxes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated July 27, 2022 at 9:00 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., and Sen. Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., have released preliminary details of a bill to address climate change, taxes, health care and inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement is a major reversal for Democrats, who had narrowed their ambitions for the package to address looming lapses in the Affordable Care Act and changes to prescription drug prices after Manchin raised concerns over approving more spending during record inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/15/1111675233/manchin-rejects-climate-and-tax-provisions-in-democrats-spending-package\">After many months of negotiations\u003c/a>, we have finalized legislative text that will invest approximately $300 billion in Deficit Reduction and $369.75 billion in \u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/summary_of_the_energy_security_and_climate_change_investments_in_the_inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\">Energy Security and Climate Change\u003c/a> programs over the next 10 years,” the senators said in a joint statement. “The investments will be fully paid for by closing tax loopholes on wealthy individuals and corporations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation — called the \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.democrats.senate.gov/inflation-reduction-act-one-page-summary__;!!Iwwt!T_erBxxpsxo0-Hmp8mN0_yyTMtr1hHNdwOqioGHm_BFtSoENMuYlN1rZvJA_mG15UD3A3FfsnoGpEzSZAONcKbXVivzI8w%24\">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022\u003c/a> — would also continue expansions to the Affordable Care Act that passed during the pandemic through 2025 and allow Medicare to pursue \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.democrats.senate.gov/topline-messages-for-senate-prescription-drug-pricing-reforms_fy22-budget-reconciliation__;!!Iwwt!T_erBxxpsxo0-Hmp8mN0_yyTMtr1hHNdwOqioGHm_BFtSoENMuYlN1rZvJA_mG15UD3A3FfsnoGpEzSZAONcKbWWL0vaEQ%24\">lower drug costs\u003c/a> by negotiating directly with drug companies. Democrats say the plan \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.democrats.senate.gov/summary-closing-tax-loopholes-in-the-inflation-reduction-act-of-2022__;!!Iwwt!T_erBxxpsxo0-Hmp8mN0_yyTMtr1hHNdwOqioGHm_BFtSoENMuYlN1rZvJA_mG15UD3A3FfsnoGpEzSZAONcKbXlchQO-A%24\">avoids any new taxes\u003c/a> on families making $400,000 or less and does not include any new taxes on small businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the bill \u003ca href=\"https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_of_2022.pdf\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Manchin and Schumer say they have also reached an agreement with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., and President Biden to pass a permitting reform bill by the end of the year, with the goal of easing permits for domestic energy production and transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement is a significant expansion of the very narrow bill Democrats had hoped to pass through reconciliation before the midterm elections, though it still falls far short of the broader Build Back Better plan they began negotiating last year. That proposal initially included massive domestic spending to address climate, taxes, health care and social programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manchin became the leading voice of opposition to major spending as inflation concerns grew in the country. He was able to single-handedly drive the talks because Democrats need unanimous support to pass the bill in the evenly divided Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement comes hours after the Senate passed a major bipartisan bill to expand domestic production of critical semiconductor chips that have been in short supply, leading to delays in the delivery of new cars and supply chain issues for smartphones, computers and medical equipment. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., had threatened to block the semiconductor bill, known as CHIPS, if Democrats continued to pursue climate and tax legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/26/1113470753/chip-production-semiconductor-senate\">Finalizing the CHIPS bill\u003c/a> paved the way for Democrats to reach a deal without the threat of losing support for the semiconductor bill they viewed as a critical economic and political achievement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step will be for the Senate parliamentarian to assess whether the proposals meet strict Senate budget rules that govern the reconciliation process. Once that is done, it will go through a vote-a-rama, a process that would serve to circumvent the 60-vote threshold that bills normally must cross in order to be passed. The House must then pass a similar bill before Biden signs it into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement after the deal was announced, Biden praised it as “the action the American people have been waiting for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This addresses the problems of today — high health care costs and overall inflation — as well as investments in our energy security for the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+spiking+earlier+talks%2C+Manchin+agrees+to+a+new+deal+on+climate+and+taxes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Reformulated COVID Vaccine Boosters May Be Available Earlier Than Expected",
"title": "Reformulated COVID Vaccine Boosters May Be Available Earlier Than Expected",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated July 26, 2022 at 11:17 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Biden administration may scrap plans to let more younger adults get second COVID-19 boosters this summer. Instead, officials are trying to speed up availability of the next generation of boosters in the fall, NPR has learned.[aside postID=news_11904834 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53457_005_StockPhoto_AtHomeCOVIDTest_02022022-qut.jpg']\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The new strategy is aimed at trying to balance protecting people this summer with keeping people safe next winter, when the country will probably get hit by yet another surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the possible shift is being met with mixed reactions. The Food and Drug Administration could make a final decision by the end of the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dilemma facing the FDA is that the immunity many people have gotten from getting vaccinated or infected has been wearing off. At the same time, the most contagious version of the virus to emerge yet — the omicron subvariant BA.5 — is making people even more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as COVID is starting to become more serious than a cold or flu again, most people younger than age 50 aren't eligible for fourth shots — second boosters — to protect themselves. In response, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/19/1112229721/u-s-debates-a-summer-booster-for-people-under-50\">the FDA was considering opening up eligibility for second boosters for all adults\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But letting more people get boosted with the original vaccine now could interfere with plans to boost them with updated, hopefully more protective vaccines in the fall to blunt the toll of the winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the administration is considering shifting the focus to the next generation of boosters. Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/14/1111473802/experts-question-the-fdas-covid-booster-strategy-ahead-of-autumn\">were already scrambling to comply with the FDA's request \u003c/a>to get new, hopefully more powerful \"bivalent\" boosters ready by October or November that target both the original strain of the virus and omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is trying to get the companies to make those shots available even sooner — possibly as soon as September, according to a federal official familiar with the situation who is not authorized to talk about it publicly. \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/07/22/booster-shots-coronavirus-under-50/\">The possible shift was first reported by The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bivalent boosters can be accelerated, the FDA would skip opening up fourth shots of the original vaccines this summer and just wait for the new double-barreled omicron vaccines in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible shift is provoking mixed reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think it is the smartest strategy. Three shots are still protecting most younger, otherwise healthy people against serious illness, they say. And boosting people again now, and then so soon again in the fall, could confuse people, potentially eroding their willingness to get any boosters, according to some experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this will increase trust,\" \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/monica.gandhi\">Dr. Monica Gandhi\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, wrote in an email to NPR. \"We can't give a booster now and then again in 1.5 months or two months — that will decrease trust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And giving two shots too close together could actually backfire from a health perspective, according to some experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this is the right call,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/person/celine-gounder/\">Dr. Celine Gounder\u003c/a>, a senior fellow at the Kaiser Family Foundation, said during an interview with NPR. \"If you get a booster now with the original formulation of the vaccine, this may in fact be counter-productive. It may prevent the second booster dose given this fall from taking and from you developing an immune response to that booster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others aren't so sure. They say the new vaccines may not be significantly better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People should not regard them as some sort of magic bullet that gives them super-strong protection,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.weill.cornell.edu/person/profile/jpm2003\">Dr. \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://directory.weill.cornell.edu/person/profile/jpm2003\">John Moore\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medicine. \"These are not going to be magic bullet game-changers because they're not that much better than the already available vaccine boosters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also unclear whether the new boosters can be ready by September. And who knows if BA.5 will even been the main virus by the fall and winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't see the benefit waiting for a BA.5-specific booster since BA.5 may be in the rearview mirror and well past us by the time that's available,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bcm.edu/people-search/peter-hotez-23229\">Dr. Peter Hotez\u003c/a>, dean of the Baylor College of Medicine National School of Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People younger than 50 should at least have the option to protect themselves now, especially with BA.5 already surging, some say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about you know literally hundreds of millions of people who are at a higher risk than they need to be for months,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/robert.wachter\">Dr. Robert Wachter\u003c/a>, chair of the department of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that will mean potentially millions of preventable infections, certainly thousands of preventable hospitalizations, and probably hundreds of preventable deaths.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Reformulated+COVID+vaccine+boosters+may+be+available+earlier+than+expected&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Biden administration may scrap plans to expand eligibility for second boosters to younger adults. Instead, it's trying to speed up the next generation of boosters targeting the omicron variant.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated July 26, 2022 at 11:17 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Biden administration may scrap plans to let more younger adults get second COVID-19 boosters this summer. Instead, officials are trying to speed up availability of the next generation of boosters in the fall, NPR has learned.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The new strategy is aimed at trying to balance protecting people this summer with keeping people safe next winter, when the country will probably get hit by yet another surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the possible shift is being met with mixed reactions. The Food and Drug Administration could make a final decision by the end of the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dilemma facing the FDA is that the immunity many people have gotten from getting vaccinated or infected has been wearing off. At the same time, the most contagious version of the virus to emerge yet — the omicron subvariant BA.5 — is making people even more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as COVID is starting to become more serious than a cold or flu again, most people younger than age 50 aren't eligible for fourth shots — second boosters — to protect themselves. In response, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/19/1112229721/u-s-debates-a-summer-booster-for-people-under-50\">the FDA was considering opening up eligibility for second boosters for all adults\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But letting more people get boosted with the original vaccine now could interfere with plans to boost them with updated, hopefully more protective vaccines in the fall to blunt the toll of the winter surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the administration is considering shifting the focus to the next generation of boosters. Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/14/1111473802/experts-question-the-fdas-covid-booster-strategy-ahead-of-autumn\">were already scrambling to comply with the FDA's request \u003c/a>to get new, hopefully more powerful \"bivalent\" boosters ready by October or November that target both the original strain of the virus and omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is trying to get the companies to make those shots available even sooner — possibly as soon as September, according to a federal official familiar with the situation who is not authorized to talk about it publicly. \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2022/07/22/booster-shots-coronavirus-under-50/\">The possible shift was first reported by The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bivalent boosters can be accelerated, the FDA would skip opening up fourth shots of the original vaccines this summer and just wait for the new double-barreled omicron vaccines in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible shift is provoking mixed reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think it is the smartest strategy. Three shots are still protecting most younger, otherwise healthy people against serious illness, they say. And boosting people again now, and then so soon again in the fall, could confuse people, potentially eroding their willingness to get any boosters, according to some experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this will increase trust,\" \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/monica.gandhi\">Dr. Monica Gandhi\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco, wrote in an email to NPR. \"We can't give a booster now and then again in 1.5 months or two months — that will decrease trust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And giving two shots too close together could actually backfire from a health perspective, according to some experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think this is the right call,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/person/celine-gounder/\">Dr. Celine Gounder\u003c/a>, a senior fellow at the Kaiser Family Foundation, said during an interview with NPR. \"If you get a booster now with the original formulation of the vaccine, this may in fact be counter-productive. It may prevent the second booster dose given this fall from taking and from you developing an immune response to that booster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others aren't so sure. They say the new vaccines may not be significantly better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People should not regard them as some sort of magic bullet that gives them super-strong protection,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://directory.weill.cornell.edu/person/profile/jpm2003\">Dr. \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://directory.weill.cornell.edu/person/profile/jpm2003\">John Moore\u003c/a>, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medicine. \"These are not going to be magic bullet game-changers because they're not that much better than the already available vaccine boosters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also unclear whether the new boosters can be ready by September. And who knows if BA.5 will even been the main virus by the fall and winter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't see the benefit waiting for a BA.5-specific booster since BA.5 may be in the rearview mirror and well past us by the time that's available,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bcm.edu/people-search/peter-hotez-23229\">Dr. Peter Hotez\u003c/a>, dean of the Baylor College of Medicine National School of Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People younger than 50 should at least have the option to protect themselves now, especially with BA.5 already surging, some say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about you know literally hundreds of millions of people who are at a higher risk than they need to be for months,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/robert.wachter\">Dr. Robert Wachter\u003c/a>, chair of the department of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that will mean potentially millions of preventable infections, certainly thousands of preventable hospitalizations, and probably hundreds of preventable deaths.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Reformulated+COVID+vaccine+boosters+may+be+available+earlier+than+expected&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Alt Text Helps the Visually Impaired Experience the James Webb Telescope Images",
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"content": "\u003cp>“A starfield is speckled across the image. They range from small, faint points of light to larger, closer, brighter and more fully resolved stars with eight-point diffraction spikes. The upper-right portion of the image has wispy, translucent, cloud-like streaks rising from the nebula.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how a team of scientists, writers and educators described in vivid detail just one of the breathtaking \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/07/12/1111002820/webb-telescope-images-nasa\">celestial images captured by the James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> so people with visual impairments could appreciate it, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Space is for everyone. It shouldn’t matter who you are,” said Tim Rhue, an education specialist at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stsci.edu/\">Space Telescope Science Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team wrote labels for pictures stuffed with distant spinning galaxies, glowing clouds of gas and blazing stars using the alt text feature on social media apps, which is designed to make the internet more accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It allows people who use screen readers to hear a description of an image and helps when images on a website won’t load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another example of an alt text description from another Webb image: “A large, translucent, red oval surrounds the central stars. From the red oval, shells extend in a mix of colors. The shells appear to have a filamentous pattern similar to the surface of a cut citrus fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" postID=\"science_1979819,forum_2010101889805\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhue said he was astonished by the images the telescope captured, and he and his team wanted that astonishment to be shared by everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely a labor of love,” Rhue said. “There are so many things that make life difficult for people, but this is just pure joy, the universe out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope, under development for decades and launched into space in December, is NASA’s newest and most powerful. On July 12, the first color images were released. And scientists have been poring over the data that’s come coming from the telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Lotz, director of the International Gemini Observatory, is part of a team looking at one field of thousands of galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know these galaxies pretty well, but seeing these images with James Webb, it’s like putting glasses on,” Lotz \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/21/1112356969/the-new-science-coming-from-the-james-webb-telescope-has-astronomers-giddy\">told NPR\u003c/a>. “Like, things we couldn’t see before now are just crystal clear. And it’s been overwhelming. It’s been really overwhelming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astro.uchicago.edu/people/jacob-l-bean.php\">Jacob Bean\u003c/a>, an astronomer with the University of Chicago, described what the telescope has brought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a birthday and Christmas and an anniversary and a graduation and Thanksgiving and Hanukkah all wrapped into one for us and happening just every day,” Bean told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Rhue’s team is helping to spread that joy even farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We love seeing people’s face light up,” Rhue said. “We love seeing people really get the big picture and our place in it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Raquel Maria Dillon contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Alt+text+helps+the+visually+impaired+experience+the+James+Webb+Telescope+images&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“A starfield is speckled across the image. They range from small, faint points of light to larger, closer, brighter and more fully resolved stars with eight-point diffraction spikes. The upper-right portion of the image has wispy, translucent, cloud-like streaks rising from the nebula.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how a team of scientists, writers and educators described in vivid detail just one of the breathtaking \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2022/07/12/1111002820/webb-telescope-images-nasa\">celestial images captured by the James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> so people with visual impairments could appreciate it, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Space is for everyone. It shouldn’t matter who you are,” said Tim Rhue, an education specialist at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stsci.edu/\">Space Telescope Science Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team wrote labels for pictures stuffed with distant spinning galaxies, glowing clouds of gas and blazing stars using the alt text feature on social media apps, which is designed to make the internet more accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It allows people who use screen readers to hear a description of an image and helps when images on a website won’t load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another example of an alt text description from another Webb image: “A large, translucent, red oval surrounds the central stars. From the red oval, shells extend in a mix of colors. The shells appear to have a filamentous pattern similar to the surface of a cut citrus fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhue said he was astonished by the images the telescope captured, and he and his team wanted that astonishment to be shared by everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely a labor of love,” Rhue said. “There are so many things that make life difficult for people, but this is just pure joy, the universe out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope, under development for decades and launched into space in December, is NASA’s newest and most powerful. On July 12, the first color images were released. And scientists have been poring over the data that’s come coming from the telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Lotz, director of the International Gemini Observatory, is part of a team looking at one field of thousands of galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know these galaxies pretty well, but seeing these images with James Webb, it’s like putting glasses on,” Lotz \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/21/1112356969/the-new-science-coming-from-the-james-webb-telescope-has-astronomers-giddy\">told NPR\u003c/a>. “Like, things we couldn’t see before now are just crystal clear. And it’s been overwhelming. It’s been really overwhelming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://astro.uchicago.edu/people/jacob-l-bean.php\">Jacob Bean\u003c/a>, an astronomer with the University of Chicago, described what the telescope has brought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a birthday and Christmas and an anniversary and a graduation and Thanksgiving and Hanukkah all wrapped into one for us and happening just every day,” Bean told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Rhue’s team is helping to spread that joy even farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We love seeing people’s face light up,” Rhue said. “We love seeing people really get the big picture and our place in it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Raquel Maria Dillon contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Alt+text+helps+the+visually+impaired+experience+the+James+Webb+Telescope+images&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Privacy Advocates Fear Google Will Be Used to Prosecute Abortion Seekers",
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"content": "\u003cp>When police are trying to solve a crime, they often turn to Google for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense since the Silicon Valley giant has grown into a nearly $1.6 trillion company on the strength of its most valuable asset: Data on billions of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And often, finding out where someone was at the time of a crime, or what they were Googling before a crime occurs, can be pivotal to investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the Supreme Court has overturned \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, privacy advocates fear Google will provide users' data to authorities who may try to target people seeking abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When someone uses a Google service on their phone with location history enabled, Google logs that phone's position about every two minutes. The company can estimate the location of a person's device within nine feet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/document/united-states-v-chatrie-order-motion-suppress\">court testimony from the company has shown\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"reproductive-rights\"]In the first half of last year, \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">law enforcement sent Google more than 50,000 subpoenas\u003c/a>, search warrants and other types of legal requests for data Google retains, sometimes drawing from a massive centralized database of users' location history known as \"Sensorvault,\" which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/13/technology/google-sensorvault-location-tracking.html\">first reported by the \u003cem>New York Times \u003c/em>\u003c/a>in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Google is increasingly the cornerstone of American policing,\" said Albert Fox Cahn, a lawyer who is also executive director of the Surveillance Technology Oversight Project, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As authorities investigating crimes have become more tech savvy, they have turned to two particularly controversial types of data requests: geofence warrants and keyword warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are digital dragnets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Geofence warrants seek information about every device that has crossed into a defined location in a specific period of time, say a bank at which there was recently a robbery, a home that was recently burned down, or an abortion clinic following the Supreme Court ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keyword warrants request information on everyone who has Googled specific search terms, a kind of digital dragnet that has long alarmed privacy advocates, and now abortion-rights advocates as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is so chilling. It is so broad. It is so contrary to our civil rights. And yet, because Google has so much of our data, it's just a ticking time bomb for pregnant people,\" Cahn said of keyword searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it remains unclear whether state authorities will try to prosecute abortion-seekers, and will use digital evidence as part of those potential cases, legal experts say the prospect should be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy experts like Cahn consider the keyword search warrants — being able to comb through everyone who Googled a certain term — a type of fishing expedition that violates user privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the equivalent of going to a library and then trying to search every person who checked out a specific book,\" he added. \"We would never allow that in the analog world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a far-reaching search in the real world would likely violate the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches, Cahn said. But courts are still catching up to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are largely untested in U.S. courts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are very few cases in the U.S. that have tested the legality of geofence warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Virginia bank robbery case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22081892-lauck-opinion\">a federal judge ruled this year that the use of the geofenced data to catch a suspect was unconstitutional\u003c/a> since police did not demonstrate they had probable cause for the search and it provided authorities with the location data of innocent bystanders. The warrant was approved by a magistrate who did not have a law degree. Yet the judge's ruling in the case does not have any bearing on how authorities in other states use the warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, keyword searches are a relatively novel concept in the American legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Denver, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/police-google-reverse-keyword-searches-rcna35749\">police used a keyword search to find a suspect in a fire that left five dead\u003c/a>. Authorities obtained from Google the names of people who had searched for the address of the home that was set ablaze and made an arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privacy watchdog group Electronic Frontier Foundation says keyword warrants are \"totally incompatible with constitutional protections for privacy and freedom of speech and expression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Lynch, a lawyer with the group, said such searches run the risk of implicating innocent people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the U.S. does not have a national data privacy law that could ban this type of surveillance, the cases are playing out in courts around the country in scattershot fashion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's still a relatively new search technique, and we're just now seeing judges deal with them,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and prosecutors, however, view geofence and keyword warrants as a way to catch perpetrators of crimes who may have otherwise eluded authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Google's own workers want the company to do more to protect abortion-seekers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Google has said that if data requests from authorities are overly broad, it will challenge them. \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">The company's own statistics show that it produces data for authorities about 80% of the time it receives requests\u003c/a>. There is no public evidence of the company resisting a keyword search warrant in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/04/google-fights-dragnet-warrant-users-search-histories-overseas-while-continuing\">It did, however, push back on one in Brazil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/technology/safety-security/protecting-peoples-privacy-on-health-topics/\">Google earlier this month committed to deleting location data that shows when people go to abortion providers, fertility centers and other \"particularly personal\" places\u003c/a>. In a blog post, Google executive Jen Fitzpatrick wrote that users can also choose to have their location data auto-deleted from their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Google employees are agitating for the company to do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're really looking for these short, punchy press releases that get this breathless, 'Wow, Google is doing such good things,' or 'Alphabet is doing such good things,' coverage in the tech media, but then really aren't actually substantial,\" said Ashok Chandwaney, a Google software engineer who is part of the Alphabet Workers' Union. (Alphabet is Google's parent company.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandwaney wants Google to vow to figure out all the ways law enforcement can potentially gather data on abortion-seekers from the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then make it so that the data that could get people charged, or fined, or thrown in jail, or whatever, for seeking out healthcare, is not a thing that the company has to give to law enforcement,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Shannon Bond contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Privacy+advocates+fear+Google+will+be+used+to+prosecute+abortion+seekers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When police are trying to solve a crime, they often turn to Google for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense since the Silicon Valley giant has grown into a nearly $1.6 trillion company on the strength of its most valuable asset: Data on billions of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And often, finding out where someone was at the time of a crime, or what they were Googling before a crime occurs, can be pivotal to investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the Supreme Court has overturned \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, privacy advocates fear Google will provide users' data to authorities who may try to target people seeking abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When someone uses a Google service on their phone with location history enabled, Google logs that phone's position about every two minutes. The company can estimate the location of a person's device within nine feet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/document/united-states-v-chatrie-order-motion-suppress\">court testimony from the company has shown\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the first half of last year, \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">law enforcement sent Google more than 50,000 subpoenas\u003c/a>, search warrants and other types of legal requests for data Google retains, sometimes drawing from a massive centralized database of users' location history known as \"Sensorvault,\" which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/13/technology/google-sensorvault-location-tracking.html\">first reported by the \u003cem>New York Times \u003c/em>\u003c/a>in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Google is increasingly the cornerstone of American policing,\" said Albert Fox Cahn, a lawyer who is also executive director of the Surveillance Technology Oversight Project, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As authorities investigating crimes have become more tech savvy, they have turned to two particularly controversial types of data requests: geofence warrants and keyword warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are digital dragnets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Geofence warrants seek information about every device that has crossed into a defined location in a specific period of time, say a bank at which there was recently a robbery, a home that was recently burned down, or an abortion clinic following the Supreme Court ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keyword warrants request information on everyone who has Googled specific search terms, a kind of digital dragnet that has long alarmed privacy advocates, and now abortion-rights advocates as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is so chilling. It is so broad. It is so contrary to our civil rights. And yet, because Google has so much of our data, it's just a ticking time bomb for pregnant people,\" Cahn said of keyword searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it remains unclear whether state authorities will try to prosecute abortion-seekers, and will use digital evidence as part of those potential cases, legal experts say the prospect should be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy experts like Cahn consider the keyword search warrants — being able to comb through everyone who Googled a certain term — a type of fishing expedition that violates user privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the equivalent of going to a library and then trying to search every person who checked out a specific book,\" he added. \"We would never allow that in the analog world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a far-reaching search in the real world would likely violate the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches, Cahn said. But courts are still catching up to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are largely untested in U.S. courts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are very few cases in the U.S. that have tested the legality of geofence warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Virginia bank robbery case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22081892-lauck-opinion\">a federal judge ruled this year that the use of the geofenced data to catch a suspect was unconstitutional\u003c/a> since police did not demonstrate they had probable cause for the search and it provided authorities with the location data of innocent bystanders. The warrant was approved by a magistrate who did not have a law degree. Yet the judge's ruling in the case does not have any bearing on how authorities in other states use the warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, keyword searches are a relatively novel concept in the American legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Denver, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/police-google-reverse-keyword-searches-rcna35749\">police used a keyword search to find a suspect in a fire that left five dead\u003c/a>. Authorities obtained from Google the names of people who had searched for the address of the home that was set ablaze and made an arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privacy watchdog group Electronic Frontier Foundation says keyword warrants are \"totally incompatible with constitutional protections for privacy and freedom of speech and expression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Lynch, a lawyer with the group, said such searches run the risk of implicating innocent people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the U.S. does not have a national data privacy law that could ban this type of surveillance, the cases are playing out in courts around the country in scattershot fashion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's still a relatively new search technique, and we're just now seeing judges deal with them,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and prosecutors, however, view geofence and keyword warrants as a way to catch perpetrators of crimes who may have otherwise eluded authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Google's own workers want the company to do more to protect abortion-seekers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Google has said that if data requests from authorities are overly broad, it will challenge them. \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">The company's own statistics show that it produces data for authorities about 80% of the time it receives requests\u003c/a>. There is no public evidence of the company resisting a keyword search warrant in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/04/google-fights-dragnet-warrant-users-search-histories-overseas-while-continuing\">It did, however, push back on one in Brazil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/technology/safety-security/protecting-peoples-privacy-on-health-topics/\">Google earlier this month committed to deleting location data that shows when people go to abortion providers, fertility centers and other \"particularly personal\" places\u003c/a>. In a blog post, Google executive Jen Fitzpatrick wrote that users can also choose to have their location data auto-deleted from their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Google employees are agitating for the company to do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're really looking for these short, punchy press releases that get this breathless, 'Wow, Google is doing such good things,' or 'Alphabet is doing such good things,' coverage in the tech media, but then really aren't actually substantial,\" said Ashok Chandwaney, a Google software engineer who is part of the Alphabet Workers' Union. (Alphabet is Google's parent company.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandwaney wants Google to vow to figure out all the ways law enforcement can potentially gather data on abortion-seekers from the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then make it so that the data that could get people charged, or fined, or thrown in jail, or whatever, for seeking out healthcare, is not a thing that the company has to give to law enforcement,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Shannon Bond contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Privacy+advocates+fear+Google+will+be+used+to+prosecute+abortion+seekers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "What to Consider About Contraception and Pregnancy After Roe v. Wade Is Overturned",
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"content": "\u003cp>Access to a safe abortion already varies depending on what state you live in. Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe V. Wade, the landmark Supreme Court decision that's protected abortion rights since 1973, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/1096719943/some-states-will-ban-abortion-others-will-expand-access-if-roe-v-wade-is-overtur\">options will become even more limited – or virtually non-existent – in many states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are potential implications for reproductive health well beyond abortion – including types of birth control, fertility treatments and treatments during pregnancy. Many people may have to rethink – or think more intentionally about – decisions they've long taken for granted.[aside postID=news_11917111 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS55728_073_KQED_AbortionRallySF_05032022-qut-1-1020x679.jpg']Here's what you need to know about birth control, emergency contraception and terminating a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Consider \"layering\" contraceptive methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm#Contraceptive-Effectiveness\">Different types of birth control have different rates of failure\u003c/a> – meaning, contraception does not 100% guarantee that you won't get pregnant if you're having sex. Your choice of birth control might depend on the associated side effects, whether your healthcare provider or local pharmacy keeps it in stock, if you have insurance, what your insurance covers and a method's efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you decide \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807328672/trying-to-decide-what-birth-control-to-use-heres-how-to-make-the-decision\">what type of birth control works for you\u003c/a>, consider whether you need to take extra precautions if you don't want to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katharine White, \u003ca href=\"https://www.drkatewhite.com/yoursexualhealth/\">an associate professor at Boston University's school of medicine and author of the book \u003cem>Your Sexual Health\u003c/em>\u003c/a> recommends \"layering\" certain methods: if condoms are your primary method of birth control, consider also using the withdrawal method and/or tracking your ovulation so that you know when you're most fertile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call this the BLT approach because it involves stacking methods on top of each other,\" like a bacon-lettuce-tomato sandwich. \"Together, these can be very highly effective,\" says Dr. White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any birth control, Dr. White says, will be \"much more effective than crossing your fingers hoping that you don't get pregnant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can keep emergency contraception on hand in case you need it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If your primary birth control fails or if you have unprotected sex and want to prevent pregnancy, you may find yourself at the pharmacy for emergency contraception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan B and other emergency contraceptive pills are\u003cstrong> not the same\u003c/strong> as an abortion pill – \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/07/access-to-emergency-contraception\">emergency contraception prevents someone from getting pregnant in the first place\u003c/a>.[aside postID=news_11913295 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55729_078_KQED_AbortionRallySF_05032022-qut-1020x680.jpg']Plan B is one of the most popular brands, but you can find a number of over-the-counter emergency contraceptives with levonorgestrel. You can also ask your provider to prescribe you Ella, an emergency contraceptive pill with ulipristal acetate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception\">Emergency contraception can prevent more than 95% of pregnancies\u003c/a> when taken within three to five days of unprotected sex. But the sooner you take it, the more effective it is. Many sexually active people keep some on hand in their medicine cabinet as a precautionary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check the expiration date – it's typically several years out, but the pill becomes less effective after it expires. Because of the long shelf-life, you can stock up responsibly in case supplies get short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find yourself using emergency contraceptives frequently, consider a different primary method of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone finds that they're needing to take it often ... [like] more than once in a month or in one menstrual cycle, it may not be as effective because the way it works is to delay ovulation,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://powertodecide.org/\">Dr. Raegan McDonald-Mosley, a practicing OBGYN and the CEO of Power to Decide\u003c/a>, a sexual health and planning nonprofit group.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you have an unplanned pregnancy, online resources can help find the right option for you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If a home pregnancy test shows that you're pregnant, trust it – \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/home-pregnancy-tests/art-20047940\">it's rare to get a false-positive\u003c/a>. If you're faced with an unwanted pregnancy, most states require you to act quickly.[aside postID=news_11917541 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Lee-Mitchell_IMG_0090-2-1020x728.jpg']If you live in a state that has severely restricted or eliminated access to abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.abortionfinder.org/\">you can find your nearest clinic through Power To Decide's abortion finder\u003c/a>. Going to a clinic that provides abortions does not necessarily mean you will have an abortion, Dr. McDonald-Mosley says. You can make an appointment to confirm a pregnancy and discuss your options with a professional, including information about childcare services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a lot of people, traveling out of state to an abortion clinic is prohibitively expensive. The \u003ca href=\"https://wrrap.org/\">Women's Reproductive Rights Assistance Project (WRRAP)\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ineedana.com/about\">I Need a Database\u003c/a> can show you clinics in your area and link you to local organizations that can help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can't travel to a clinic or prefer to manage your own abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://aidaccess.org/en/\">you can get care online through aidaccess.org\u003c/a>. The site provides online consultations for abortions and medication from overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those pills are the exact same medication as we provide in our clinic,\" says Robin Marty, the operations director at the \u003ca href=\"https://alabortionclinic.com/\">West Alabama Women's Center\u003c/a>. Like with any medication, there can be health risks with getting medication online – and Marty cautions that \u003ca href=\"https://www.reprolegalhelpline.org/self-managed-abortion-and-the-law/\">depending on where you live, there may be legal repercussions\u003c/a> involved in seeking abortion pills or inducing an abortion at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to look up your state's laws about managing your own abortion before you make your decision. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html\">numerous resources online\u003c/a> that explain each state's laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/abortion-access-tool/CO\">regarding abortion restrictions there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seek professional medical care from a local clinic, your doctor or a local urgent care if you experience prolonged bleeding or other complications after taking medication to manage an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complications from a medical abortion look very much like a miscarriage, says Dr. McDonald-Mosley. \"So someone can potentially present to an emergency room or to their provider and say, 'I'm having cramping and bleeding and I had a positive pregnancy test,' and receive the care that they need without having to reveal that they have taken abortion medications.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you're planning to get pregnant, talk to your provider early about your options, in case of complications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, even planned pregnancies end in abortion due to complications that can pose a risk to the pregnant person, or a fetal anomaly that will result in the baby's death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal implications are even less clear in these circumstances now that Roe v. Wade is overturned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Dr. White says that people who are planning to get pregnant should have conversations with their doctors about what might happen if there is a reason to terminate the pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would tell people who are pregnant, please enjoy your pregnancy, but don't do it by yourself,\" Dr. White says. She implores people to seek care for their pregnancy early – it's the best way to monitor the health of the parent and baby, and detect complications early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is more important than ever to have a good sense of what it is that you want in terms of pregnancy,\" Dr. White says. \"Find a doctor or a midwife or a clinical person who you can partner with, who you feel comfortable being open and honest with about everything and ... who will be open and honest with you about what's going to be possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your options, there are people who are willing to help. \"There are legions of doctors and health care professionals who are getting ready for what is happening,\" says Dr. White. \"We are going to be working really hard to put systems in place that everybody can still get the care that they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3LdRb0X\">\u003cem>Apple Podcasts\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3K3xVln\">\u003cem>Spotify\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, or sign up for our \u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio portion of this episode was produced by Mansee Khurana. We'd love to hear from you! Email us at or send a voice note to LifeKit@npr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+consider+about+contraception+and+pregnancy+after+Roe+v.+Wade+is+overturned&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Access to a safe abortion already varies depending on what state you live in. Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe V. Wade, the landmark Supreme Court decision that's protected abortion rights since 1973, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/1096719943/some-states-will-ban-abortion-others-will-expand-access-if-roe-v-wade-is-overtur\">options will become even more limited – or virtually non-existent – in many states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are potential implications for reproductive health well beyond abortion – including types of birth control, fertility treatments and treatments during pregnancy. Many people may have to rethink – or think more intentionally about – decisions they've long taken for granted.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Here's what you need to know about birth control, emergency contraception and terminating a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Consider \"layering\" contraceptive methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm#Contraceptive-Effectiveness\">Different types of birth control have different rates of failure\u003c/a> – meaning, contraception does not 100% guarantee that you won't get pregnant if you're having sex. Your choice of birth control might depend on the associated side effects, whether your healthcare provider or local pharmacy keeps it in stock, if you have insurance, what your insurance covers and a method's efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you decide \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807328672/trying-to-decide-what-birth-control-to-use-heres-how-to-make-the-decision\">what type of birth control works for you\u003c/a>, consider whether you need to take extra precautions if you don't want to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katharine White, \u003ca href=\"https://www.drkatewhite.com/yoursexualhealth/\">an associate professor at Boston University's school of medicine and author of the book \u003cem>Your Sexual Health\u003c/em>\u003c/a> recommends \"layering\" certain methods: if condoms are your primary method of birth control, consider also using the withdrawal method and/or tracking your ovulation so that you know when you're most fertile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call this the BLT approach because it involves stacking methods on top of each other,\" like a bacon-lettuce-tomato sandwich. \"Together, these can be very highly effective,\" says Dr. White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any birth control, Dr. White says, will be \"much more effective than crossing your fingers hoping that you don't get pregnant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can keep emergency contraception on hand in case you need it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If your primary birth control fails or if you have unprotected sex and want to prevent pregnancy, you may find yourself at the pharmacy for emergency contraception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan B and other emergency contraceptive pills are\u003cstrong> not the same\u003c/strong> as an abortion pill – \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/07/access-to-emergency-contraception\">emergency contraception prevents someone from getting pregnant in the first place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Plan B is one of the most popular brands, but you can find a number of over-the-counter emergency contraceptives with levonorgestrel. You can also ask your provider to prescribe you Ella, an emergency contraceptive pill with ulipristal acetate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception\">Emergency contraception can prevent more than 95% of pregnancies\u003c/a> when taken within three to five days of unprotected sex. But the sooner you take it, the more effective it is. Many sexually active people keep some on hand in their medicine cabinet as a precautionary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check the expiration date – it's typically several years out, but the pill becomes less effective after it expires. Because of the long shelf-life, you can stock up responsibly in case supplies get short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find yourself using emergency contraceptives frequently, consider a different primary method of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone finds that they're needing to take it often ... [like] more than once in a month or in one menstrual cycle, it may not be as effective because the way it works is to delay ovulation,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://powertodecide.org/\">Dr. Raegan McDonald-Mosley, a practicing OBGYN and the CEO of Power to Decide\u003c/a>, a sexual health and planning nonprofit group.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you have an unplanned pregnancy, online resources can help find the right option for you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If a home pregnancy test shows that you're pregnant, trust it – \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/home-pregnancy-tests/art-20047940\">it's rare to get a false-positive\u003c/a>. If you're faced with an unwanted pregnancy, most states require you to act quickly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If you live in a state that has severely restricted or eliminated access to abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.abortionfinder.org/\">you can find your nearest clinic through Power To Decide's abortion finder\u003c/a>. Going to a clinic that provides abortions does not necessarily mean you will have an abortion, Dr. McDonald-Mosley says. You can make an appointment to confirm a pregnancy and discuss your options with a professional, including information about childcare services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a lot of people, traveling out of state to an abortion clinic is prohibitively expensive. The \u003ca href=\"https://wrrap.org/\">Women's Reproductive Rights Assistance Project (WRRAP)\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ineedana.com/about\">I Need a Database\u003c/a> can show you clinics in your area and link you to local organizations that can help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can't travel to a clinic or prefer to manage your own abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://aidaccess.org/en/\">you can get care online through aidaccess.org\u003c/a>. The site provides online consultations for abortions and medication from overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those pills are the exact same medication as we provide in our clinic,\" says Robin Marty, the operations director at the \u003ca href=\"https://alabortionclinic.com/\">West Alabama Women's Center\u003c/a>. Like with any medication, there can be health risks with getting medication online – and Marty cautions that \u003ca href=\"https://www.reprolegalhelpline.org/self-managed-abortion-and-the-law/\">depending on where you live, there may be legal repercussions\u003c/a> involved in seeking abortion pills or inducing an abortion at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to look up your state's laws about managing your own abortion before you make your decision. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html\">numerous resources online\u003c/a> that explain each state's laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/abortion-access-tool/CO\">regarding abortion restrictions there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seek professional medical care from a local clinic, your doctor or a local urgent care if you experience prolonged bleeding or other complications after taking medication to manage an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complications from a medical abortion look very much like a miscarriage, says Dr. McDonald-Mosley. \"So someone can potentially present to an emergency room or to their provider and say, 'I'm having cramping and bleeding and I had a positive pregnancy test,' and receive the care that they need without having to reveal that they have taken abortion medications.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you're planning to get pregnant, talk to your provider early about your options, in case of complications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, even planned pregnancies end in abortion due to complications that can pose a risk to the pregnant person, or a fetal anomaly that will result in the baby's death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal implications are even less clear in these circumstances now that Roe v. Wade is overturned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Dr. White says that people who are planning to get pregnant should have conversations with their doctors about what might happen if there is a reason to terminate the pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would tell people who are pregnant, please enjoy your pregnancy, but don't do it by yourself,\" Dr. White says. She implores people to seek care for their pregnancy early – it's the best way to monitor the health of the parent and baby, and detect complications early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is more important than ever to have a good sense of what it is that you want in terms of pregnancy,\" Dr. White says. \"Find a doctor or a midwife or a clinical person who you can partner with, who you feel comfortable being open and honest with about everything and ... who will be open and honest with you about what's going to be possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your options, there are people who are willing to help. \"There are legions of doctors and health care professionals who are getting ready for what is happening,\" says Dr. White. \"We are going to be working really hard to put systems in place that everybody can still get the care that they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3LdRb0X\">\u003cem>Apple Podcasts\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3K3xVln\">\u003cem>Spotify\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, or sign up for our \u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio portion of this episode was produced by Mansee Khurana. We'd love to hear from you! Email us at or send a voice note to LifeKit@npr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+consider+about+contraception+and+pregnancy+after+Roe+v.+Wade+is+overturned&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The FDA Orders Juul to Pull All of its Vaping Products From the U.S. Market",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has issued a marketing denial order to Juul, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">telling the company to remove its e-cigarettes from the U.S. marketplace\u003c/a> — a decision that promises to shake up the vaping market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision applies to “all of their products currently marketed in the United States,” the FDA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the FDA’s review of Juul, which accounts for a large portion of the U.S. e-cigarette market, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">FDA Commissioner Robert M. Califf stated\u003c/a>, “We recognize these make up a significant part of the available products and many have played a disproportionate role in the rise in youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a Juul representative said the company will fight the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We respectfully disagree with the FDA’s findings and decision,” Joe Murillo, Juul Labs’ chief regulatory officer, said in a statement sent to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to seek a stay and are exploring all of our options under the FDA’s regulations and the law,” Murillo said, “including appealing the decision and engaging with our regulator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FDA ruling sparks strong reactions from both sides\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The decision comes nearly two years after Juul \u003ca href=\"https://www.juullabs.com/juul-labs-submits-premarket-tobacco-product-application/\">submitted its application to the FDA\u003c/a>, hoping to continue selling its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the FDA’s decision initially emerged in preliminary reports on Wednesday. It was welcomed by the advocacy group PAVe, or Parents Against Vaping e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“JUUL will finally be held accountable for creating the youth vaping epidemic, and igniting a new industry of highly-addictive flavored products that are harming millions of American kids,” the group’s founders, Meredith Berkman and Dorian Fuhrman, told NPR via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an enormous step in the right direction,” they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But word of the decision incensed Amanda Wheeler, the president of the American Vapor Manufacturers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler accused the FDA of waging a “campaign of regulatory arson against the nicotine vaping products that millions of Americans rely on as an alternative to cigarettes.” It was a sign, she said, of the FDA’s “staggering indifference to ordinary Americans and their right to switch” to vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vaping is seen as a potential aid for adults, and a risk for kids\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s denial could signal a dramatic shift in how regulators view e-cigarettes. Their supporters credit Juul and other vape companies with offering addicted smokers a less harmful alternative to cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-decisions-additional-e-cigarette-products\">The FDA itself acknowledges that potential\u003c/a>. In recent months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/premarket-tobacco-product-applications/premarket-tobacco-product-marketing-granted-orders\">it has authorized other companies’ vape devices and products\u003c/a> — but only after the agency became convinced the companies are doing enough to steer clear of youths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, for instance, the FDA stated that in one case it reviewed, “the likely benefit for adult smokers who significantly reduce their cigarette use … outweighs the risk to youth, provided that the company follows postmarketing requirements to reduce youth access and youth exposure to their marketing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say the process of vaping highly addictive nicotine brings its own health risks — and they’ve accused Juul of targeting minors through its marketing practices and youth-friendly flavors. In recent years, the pushback prompted Juul to eliminate flavors such as mango and crème. \u003ca href=\"https://www.juul.com/discontinued-flavors\">It now sells just two variations\u003c/a>: tobacco and menthol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-plans-proposed-rule-reduce-addictiveness-cigarettes-and-other-combusted-tobacco\">According to the FDA\u003c/a>, nearly 10.7 million young people from 12-17 years old have used e-cigarettes or are open to trying them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FDA+orders+Juul+to+pull+all+of+its+vaping+products+from+the+U.S.+market&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The company 'will finally be held accountable for creating the youth vaping epidemic,' the advocacy group Parents Against Vaping e-cigarettes told NPR. Juul said it plans to fight the decision.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has issued a marketing denial order to Juul, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">telling the company to remove its e-cigarettes from the U.S. marketplace\u003c/a> — a decision that promises to shake up the vaping market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision applies to “all of their products currently marketed in the United States,” the FDA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the FDA’s review of Juul, which accounts for a large portion of the U.S. e-cigarette market, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">FDA Commissioner Robert M. Califf stated\u003c/a>, “We recognize these make up a significant part of the available products and many have played a disproportionate role in the rise in youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a Juul representative said the company will fight the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We respectfully disagree with the FDA’s findings and decision,” Joe Murillo, Juul Labs’ chief regulatory officer, said in a statement sent to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to seek a stay and are exploring all of our options under the FDA’s regulations and the law,” Murillo said, “including appealing the decision and engaging with our regulator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FDA ruling sparks strong reactions from both sides\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The decision comes nearly two years after Juul \u003ca href=\"https://www.juullabs.com/juul-labs-submits-premarket-tobacco-product-application/\">submitted its application to the FDA\u003c/a>, hoping to continue selling its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the FDA’s decision initially emerged in preliminary reports on Wednesday. It was welcomed by the advocacy group PAVe, or Parents Against Vaping e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“JUUL will finally be held accountable for creating the youth vaping epidemic, and igniting a new industry of highly-addictive flavored products that are harming millions of American kids,” the group’s founders, Meredith Berkman and Dorian Fuhrman, told NPR via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an enormous step in the right direction,” they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But word of the decision incensed Amanda Wheeler, the president of the American Vapor Manufacturers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler accused the FDA of waging a “campaign of regulatory arson against the nicotine vaping products that millions of Americans rely on as an alternative to cigarettes.” It was a sign, she said, of the FDA’s “staggering indifference to ordinary Americans and their right to switch” to vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vaping is seen as a potential aid for adults, and a risk for kids\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s denial could signal a dramatic shift in how regulators view e-cigarettes. Their supporters credit Juul and other vape companies with offering addicted smokers a less harmful alternative to cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-decisions-additional-e-cigarette-products\">The FDA itself acknowledges that potential\u003c/a>. In recent months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/premarket-tobacco-product-applications/premarket-tobacco-product-marketing-granted-orders\">it has authorized other companies’ vape devices and products\u003c/a> — but only after the agency became convinced the companies are doing enough to steer clear of youths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, for instance, the FDA stated that in one case it reviewed, “the likely benefit for adult smokers who significantly reduce their cigarette use … outweighs the risk to youth, provided that the company follows postmarketing requirements to reduce youth access and youth exposure to their marketing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say the process of vaping highly addictive nicotine brings its own health risks — and they’ve accused Juul of targeting minors through its marketing practices and youth-friendly flavors. In recent years, the pushback prompted Juul to eliminate flavors such as mango and crème. \u003ca href=\"https://www.juul.com/discontinued-flavors\">It now sells just two variations\u003c/a>: tobacco and menthol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-plans-proposed-rule-reduce-addictiveness-cigarettes-and-other-combusted-tobacco\">According to the FDA\u003c/a>, nearly 10.7 million young people from 12-17 years old have used e-cigarettes or are open to trying them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FDA+orders+Juul+to+pull+all+of+its+vaping+products+from+the+U.S.+market&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People who menstruate are saying it's hard to find tampons on store shelves across the U.S. right now, as supply chain upsets reach the feminine care aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just went to 5 different Walgreens [and] the shelves are CLEARED,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lilhandsy/status/1534618564547575808?s=20&t=gVLj5V6-npWQdBYy81iTgw%20\">said one Twitter user this past week\u003c/a>, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/TwoXChromosomes/comments/u4nwmj/the_great_tampon_shortage_of_current_day/\">people on Reddit have posted about empty shelves going back months.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage stems from a combination of factory staffing challenges, transportation bottlenecks, and the rising costs of key raw materials used to make the products, tampon makers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CVS, Target and Walgreens said in statements to NPR that they were aware of a limited tampon supply at some stores. A spokesperson for CVS said that, in recent weeks, suppliers haven't been able to fulfill the full orders placed by the company. Both companies said they're working with tampon makers to replenish store inventory as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walgreens said its shortages \"may only be in specific brands while we navigate the supply disruption,\" but that its website is updated with the latest store-level inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Marlowe, the founder of I Support the Girls, an organization that provides menstrual products for people with economic hardship, says the shortage has been happening for longer than most people realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlowe says her group has seen a large drop in tampon donations in recent months. The organization received half as many tampons this year compared to the same time last year and over 60% less than in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our shelves our bare,\" Marlowe told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Procter & Gamble, makers of Tampax products, told NPR the supply problem is temporary and that \"the Tampax team is producing tampons 24/7 to meet the increased demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>P&G, which owns the biggest market share of menstrual products, said in an April earnings call that sourcing and transporting raw materials for menstrual products, as well as getting products on trucks to retailers, \"continues to be costly and highly volatile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's another supply chain issue affecting women\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's another supply chain problem where women are bearing the brunt of the cost, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1099748064/baby-infant-formula-shortages\">mothers struggle to feed their babies during the baby formula shortage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Time\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://time.com./6184644/tampon-shortage-supply-chain/\">first reported on the tampon shortage\u003c/a> last week, noting that it's lasted longer than other shortages, like toilet paper and cleaning supplies, early on in the pandemic. Decision-makers in the supply chain and CEOs of manufacturers are mostly men, the magazine reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tampons are also getting more expensive due to inflation. A year after announcing increased prices on feminine care products, P&G said in the April earnings call that ongoing supply chain constraints led to another price hike on the products, which will go into effect in mid-July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-09/inflation-is-pushing-tampon-prices-up-10\">The average price for tampons rose by nearly 10% in the year through last month\u003c/a>, Bloomberg reported citing NielsenIQ data, because of rising costs of the materials used. The materials that make up tampons, including cotton, rayon, fluff pulp and plastic, have been in high demand for use in masks and other medical products during the pandemic. Extreme drought in Texas, diesel prices and Russia's invasion of Ukraine also tightened the supply of those goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I Support The Girls founder Marlowe said that existing stigmas and taboos around menstruation make it difficult to garner national attention and action needed to solve the scarcity problem. It's one that affects vulnerable groups the most, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's met women who don't have the resources to make multiple trips to the store, she said, and have resorted to unsafe methods. \"They're using cardboard and duct tape, ripped up sheets,\" and other unsanitary items, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+not+just+you%3A+Tampons+are+harder+to+find+%E2%80%94+and+pricier&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Golden State Warriors head coach Steve Kerr made it clear he did not want to talk about basketball before Tuesday night's playoff game, instead devoting a news conference to discuss the violence at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas — and to condemn politicians' inaction on a fundamental gun law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any basketball questions don't matter,\" Kerr said. But his remarks on guns drew wide interest, as the U.S. absorbed the news that yet another mass shooting had robbed young schoolchildren of their lives and futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When are we gonna do something?!\" Kerr shouted, after running through the list of recent gun violence incidents in the U.S., including the Tops grocery shooting in Buffalo and a church shooting in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"gun-violence\"]\"I'm so tired of getting up here and offering condolences to the devastated families that are out there,\" said Kerr, who grew visibly emotional as he discussed the tragedies inflicted upon innocent people. \"I'm tired of the moments of silence. Enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr accused a group of senators of defying the will of the American people by not acting on H.R. 8, the Bipartisan Background Checks Act that the House approved more than a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr, whose father was \u003ca href=\"https://www.arabnews.com/node/1708591/middle-east\">killed by gunmen\u003c/a> in Lebanon in 1984, said that 90% of the U.S. public currently support requiring universal background checks — a claim that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/15/colion-noir/universal-background-check-support-near-90-most-re/\">previously been verified by fact-checkers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are being held hostage by 50 senators in Washington who refuse to even put it to a vote, despite what we the American people want,\" the coach said. \"They won't vote on it because they want to hold on to their own power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pathetic,\" Kerr said, as he stood up to end the news conference. \"I've had enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those amplifying Kerr's message included Boston College historian \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/heathercoxrichardson/posts/555393632622540\">Heather Cox Richardson\u003c/a>, who said Kerr \"best expressed the outrage of the nation.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThe Senate received H.R. 8 in March of 2021. There were no further updates to its status until Tuesday, when it received its first reading, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/8/all-actions\">Congress' legislation tracker\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NBA+coach+Steve+Kerr+calls+out+50+senators+on+a+bipartisan+gun+background+check+law&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"I'm so tired of getting up here and offering condolences to the devastated families that are out there,\" said Kerr, who grew visibly emotional as he discussed the tragedies inflicted upon innocent people. \"I'm tired of the moments of silence. Enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr accused a group of senators of defying the will of the American people by not acting on H.R. 8, the Bipartisan Background Checks Act that the House approved more than a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr, whose father was \u003ca href=\"https://www.arabnews.com/node/1708591/middle-east\">killed by gunmen\u003c/a> in Lebanon in 1984, said that 90% of the U.S. public currently support requiring universal background checks — a claim that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/15/colion-noir/universal-background-check-support-near-90-most-re/\">previously been verified by fact-checkers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are being held hostage by 50 senators in Washington who refuse to even put it to a vote, despite what we the American people want,\" the coach said. \"They won't vote on it because they want to hold on to their own power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pathetic,\" Kerr said, as he stood up to end the news conference. \"I've had enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those amplifying Kerr's message included Boston College historian \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/heathercoxrichardson/posts/555393632622540\">Heather Cox Richardson\u003c/a>, who said Kerr \"best expressed the outrage of the nation.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Rare Monkeypox Outbreak in U.K., Europe and U.S.: What Is It and Should We Worry?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated May 20, 2022 at 9:29 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated on May 23 to reflect the latest case counts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a monkeypox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain and other European countries. The outbreak is small — so far about 80 suspected cases in England, Spain and Canada as well as Portugal, Sweden, Italy and France. Two suspected cases have also been reported in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health officials have little clue where people caught the monkeypox virus. And there’s concern the virus may be spreading through the community — undetected — and possibly through a new route of transmission.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside label=\"Suspected Monkeypox in California\" link1=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2022/05/24/suspected-monkeypox-case-reported-in-sacramento-county/,CapRadio: Suspected monkeypox case reported in Sacramento County\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [outbreak] is rare and unusual,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/monkeypox-cases-confirmed-in-england-latest-updates\">epidemiologist Susan Hopkins, who’s the chief medical adviser of the U.K. Health Security Agency (UKHSA), said in a statement on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly where and how they [the people] acquired their infections remains under urgent investigation,” the agency said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox can be a nasty illness; it causes fever, body aches, enlarged lymph nodes and eventually “pox,” or painful, fluid-filled blisters on the face, hands and feet. One version of monkeypox is quite deadly and kills up to 10% of people infected. The version currently in England is milder. Its fatality rate is less than 1%. A case generally resolves in two to four weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, people catch monkeypox from animals in West Africa or central Africa and import the virus to other countries. Person-to-person transmission isn’t common, as it requires close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva from coughing or pus from the lesions. So the risk to the general population is low, the U.K. health agency notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in England, the vast majority of the 50-plus cases don’t involve recent travel to Africa, suggesting the patients involved in those cases caught the virus in England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Presumably this is cryptic spread from an imported case(s),” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/1526279350793936896\">virologist Angie Rasmussen of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization tweeted on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., one patient, in Massachusetts, had not recently traveled to countries where the disease occurs but had visited Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, there’s evidence the virus could be spreading through a new route: sexual contact. “What is even more bizarre is finding cases that appear to have acquired the infection via sexual contact,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/teozka/status/1526505308700434433\">epidemiologist Mateo Prochazka at the UKHSA tweeted.\u003c/a> “This is a novel route of transmission that will have implications for outbreak response and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are particularly urging men who are gay and bisexual to be aware of any unusual rashes or lesions and to contact a sexual health service without delay,” epidemiologist Hopkins said in the UKHSA’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are watching the outbreak in Europe closely. “We do have a level of concern that this is very different than what we typically think of from monkeypox,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2022/05/18/spain-portugal-report-monkeypox-cases-raising-specter-of-wider-outbreak/\">Jennifer McQuiston, a senior CDC official, told health news site STAT\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox\">the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first vaccine for monkeypox\u003c/a>, which also protects against smallpox. “This vaccine is also part of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), the nation’s largest supply of potentially life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a public health emergency that is severe enough to cause local supplies to be depleted,” the agency said in a news release.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A primer on monkeypox\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So just what is known about monkeypox? And how threatening is it compared with other emerging viruses?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, \u003cem>Goats and Soda\u003c/em> interviewed two monkeypox experts — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/faculty/rimoin/rimoin.html\">Anne Rimoin of the University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>, and Jay Hooper of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases — to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the questions we asked and some of their surprising answers, updated in light of the current cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does it come from? Monkeys?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The name is actually a little bit of a misnomer,” Rimoin says. Perhaps it should be called “rodentpox” instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name “monkeypox” comes from the first documented cases of the illness, in 1958, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html\">when two outbreaks occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But monkeys aren’t major carriers. Instead, the virus likely persists in squirrels, pouched rats, dormice or another rodent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you catch it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primarily, from an animal bite, scratch or contact with the animal’s bodily fluid. Then the virus can spread to other people through coughing and sneezing or contact with pus from the lesions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lesions from monkeypox are similar to those from a smallpox infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it doesn’t spread very well between people,” Hooper says. “Its infection rate is much lower than that of smallpox.” In many cases, people don’t spread the virus to anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until this current outbreak, a person sick with monkeypox spread the virus to between zero and one person, on average. So all previous outbreaks (up until now) burned themselves out quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have primary cases, in which people get monkeypox from an animal, and they may transmit the disease a few generations — but then that’s it,” she says. “The outbreaks tend to be self-limiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.afro.who.int/countries/health-topics?country=874\">“There is no evidence, to date, that person-to-person transmission alone can sustain monkeypox infections in the human population,” the World Health Organization’s website says.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know yet if the rate of transmission has increased in this current outbreak. If there is enhanced transmission, that could be one reason the current outbreak appears to have spread through the community in three cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has there ever been an outbreak in the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There already was!” Hooper says. “But it was quickly contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, monkeypox hitched a ride with a shipment of animals from Ghana to Illinois. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html\">Several giant pouched rats and squirrels tested positive for the virus and eventually spread it to prairie dogs being sold as pets in multiple Midwestern states, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-seven people caught the disease from the prairie dogs. Everyone recovered. And no one spread the disease to another person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is monkeypox a “new” virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The virus has likely been infecting people for centuries, even millennia, Rimoin says. But for a long time, doctors missed the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox is closely related to smallpox. “They are clinically indistinguishable,” Rimoin says. “So for centuries, doctors have likely mistaken monkeypox for smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in the 1970s, the world was close to eradicating smallpox. Cases plummeted. And doctors in central Africa started noticing another disease that looked like smallpox but didn’t spread as well between people. It was monkeypox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several other viruses related to smallpox, including cowpox and camelpox. “I would be more worried about camelpox than monkeypox,” Rimoin says, “because that’s closer on the genetic tree to smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the disease actually a rising threat? Or are we just better at detecting it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little bit of both, Rimoin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2010, Rimoin and her colleagues reported that monkeypox had increased 14-fold in the Democratic Republic of Congo since the 1980s. Incidence rose from less than 1 case per 10,000 people to about 14 cases per 10,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the reason for this bump is ironic: the eradication of smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallpox vaccine actually works quite well to protect people against monkeypox. It’s about 85% effective (although the smallpox vaccine does have some safety concerns, Hooper points out: “It’s a live virus and can cause a deadly infection in people with severely compromised immune systems”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the world eradicated smallpox, countries stopped vaccinating kids. And for those who were vaccinated years earlier, their protection has likely waned over time, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now there’s this growing population of people who don’t have immunity to monkeypox,” he says. “And when you do have a outbreak, it’s likely to be bigger because less people in the community are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means small monkeypox outbreaks in West Africa and central Africa now involve dozens of cases instead of just one or two, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the Democratic Republic of Congo, annual cases have shot up into the thousands. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141\">In 2020, there were nearly 4,600 suspected cases, according to a study published in February.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could the virus become more transmissible and thus more of a global threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, yes,” Hooper says. “Every time there’s an outbreak — and the more people get infected — the more chances monkeypox has to adapt to people,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the more time the virus spends inside people, the more time it has to evolve. It could possibly figure out how to spread more quickly among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So scientists are keeping a close eye on the virus and outbreaks that occur — especially if the virus appears to change its route of transmission, as may be happening in the current outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t think Ebola spread very easily between people,” Hooper adds. “And we were all surprised that health care workers could catch it even though they were wearing protective gear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, many scientists didn’t think SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, would mutate to become more contagious, but that’s exactly what has happened in the past two years. SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a virus just about as contagious as the flu virus into one that’s almost as contagious as the far more transmissible chickenpox virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With viruses that spill over from animals, you just never know what’s going to happen,” Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And indeed, this new outbreak in Europe may be a sign that the virus has changed — even if just a bit — and may be increasing its ability to spread among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rare+monkeypox+outbreak+in+U.K.%2C+Europe+and+U.S.%3A+What+is+it+and+should+we+worry%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated May 20, 2022 at 9:29 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated on May 23 to reflect the latest case counts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a monkeypox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain and other European countries. The outbreak is small — so far about 80 suspected cases in England, Spain and Canada as well as Portugal, Sweden, Italy and France. Two suspected cases have also been reported in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health officials have little clue where people caught the monkeypox virus. And there’s concern the virus may be spreading through the community — undetected — and possibly through a new route of transmission.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [outbreak] is rare and unusual,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/monkeypox-cases-confirmed-in-england-latest-updates\">epidemiologist Susan Hopkins, who’s the chief medical adviser of the U.K. Health Security Agency (UKHSA), said in a statement on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly where and how they [the people] acquired their infections remains under urgent investigation,” the agency said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox can be a nasty illness; it causes fever, body aches, enlarged lymph nodes and eventually “pox,” or painful, fluid-filled blisters on the face, hands and feet. One version of monkeypox is quite deadly and kills up to 10% of people infected. The version currently in England is milder. Its fatality rate is less than 1%. A case generally resolves in two to four weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, people catch monkeypox from animals in West Africa or central Africa and import the virus to other countries. Person-to-person transmission isn’t common, as it requires close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva from coughing or pus from the lesions. So the risk to the general population is low, the U.K. health agency notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in England, the vast majority of the 50-plus cases don’t involve recent travel to Africa, suggesting the patients involved in those cases caught the virus in England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Presumably this is cryptic spread from an imported case(s),” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/1526279350793936896\">virologist Angie Rasmussen of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization tweeted on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., one patient, in Massachusetts, had not recently traveled to countries where the disease occurs but had visited Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, there’s evidence the virus could be spreading through a new route: sexual contact. “What is even more bizarre is finding cases that appear to have acquired the infection via sexual contact,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/teozka/status/1526505308700434433\">epidemiologist Mateo Prochazka at the UKHSA tweeted.\u003c/a> “This is a novel route of transmission that will have implications for outbreak response and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are particularly urging men who are gay and bisexual to be aware of any unusual rashes or lesions and to contact a sexual health service without delay,” epidemiologist Hopkins said in the UKHSA’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are watching the outbreak in Europe closely. “We do have a level of concern that this is very different than what we typically think of from monkeypox,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2022/05/18/spain-portugal-report-monkeypox-cases-raising-specter-of-wider-outbreak/\">Jennifer McQuiston, a senior CDC official, told health news site STAT\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox\">the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first vaccine for monkeypox\u003c/a>, which also protects against smallpox. “This vaccine is also part of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), the nation’s largest supply of potentially life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a public health emergency that is severe enough to cause local supplies to be depleted,” the agency said in a news release.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A primer on monkeypox\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So just what is known about monkeypox? And how threatening is it compared with other emerging viruses?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, \u003cem>Goats and Soda\u003c/em> interviewed two monkeypox experts — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/faculty/rimoin/rimoin.html\">Anne Rimoin of the University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>, and Jay Hooper of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases — to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the questions we asked and some of their surprising answers, updated in light of the current cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does it come from? Monkeys?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The name is actually a little bit of a misnomer,” Rimoin says. Perhaps it should be called “rodentpox” instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name “monkeypox” comes from the first documented cases of the illness, in 1958, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html\">when two outbreaks occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But monkeys aren’t major carriers. Instead, the virus likely persists in squirrels, pouched rats, dormice or another rodent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you catch it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primarily, from an animal bite, scratch or contact with the animal’s bodily fluid. Then the virus can spread to other people through coughing and sneezing or contact with pus from the lesions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lesions from monkeypox are similar to those from a smallpox infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it doesn’t spread very well between people,” Hooper says. “Its infection rate is much lower than that of smallpox.” In many cases, people don’t spread the virus to anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until this current outbreak, a person sick with monkeypox spread the virus to between zero and one person, on average. So all previous outbreaks (up until now) burned themselves out quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have primary cases, in which people get monkeypox from an animal, and they may transmit the disease a few generations — but then that’s it,” she says. “The outbreaks tend to be self-limiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.afro.who.int/countries/health-topics?country=874\">“There is no evidence, to date, that person-to-person transmission alone can sustain monkeypox infections in the human population,” the World Health Organization’s website says.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know yet if the rate of transmission has increased in this current outbreak. If there is enhanced transmission, that could be one reason the current outbreak appears to have spread through the community in three cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has there ever been an outbreak in the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There already was!” Hooper says. “But it was quickly contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, monkeypox hitched a ride with a shipment of animals from Ghana to Illinois. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html\">Several giant pouched rats and squirrels tested positive for the virus and eventually spread it to prairie dogs being sold as pets in multiple Midwestern states, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-seven people caught the disease from the prairie dogs. Everyone recovered. And no one spread the disease to another person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is monkeypox a “new” virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The virus has likely been infecting people for centuries, even millennia, Rimoin says. But for a long time, doctors missed the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox is closely related to smallpox. “They are clinically indistinguishable,” Rimoin says. “So for centuries, doctors have likely mistaken monkeypox for smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in the 1970s, the world was close to eradicating smallpox. Cases plummeted. And doctors in central Africa started noticing another disease that looked like smallpox but didn’t spread as well between people. It was monkeypox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several other viruses related to smallpox, including cowpox and camelpox. “I would be more worried about camelpox than monkeypox,” Rimoin says, “because that’s closer on the genetic tree to smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the disease actually a rising threat? Or are we just better at detecting it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little bit of both, Rimoin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2010, Rimoin and her colleagues reported that monkeypox had increased 14-fold in the Democratic Republic of Congo since the 1980s. Incidence rose from less than 1 case per 10,000 people to about 14 cases per 10,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the reason for this bump is ironic: the eradication of smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallpox vaccine actually works quite well to protect people against monkeypox. It’s about 85% effective (although the smallpox vaccine does have some safety concerns, Hooper points out: “It’s a live virus and can cause a deadly infection in people with severely compromised immune systems”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the world eradicated smallpox, countries stopped vaccinating kids. And for those who were vaccinated years earlier, their protection has likely waned over time, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now there’s this growing population of people who don’t have immunity to monkeypox,” he says. “And when you do have a outbreak, it’s likely to be bigger because less people in the community are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means small monkeypox outbreaks in West Africa and central Africa now involve dozens of cases instead of just one or two, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the Democratic Republic of Congo, annual cases have shot up into the thousands. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141\">In 2020, there were nearly 4,600 suspected cases, according to a study published in February.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could the virus become more transmissible and thus more of a global threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, yes,” Hooper says. “Every time there’s an outbreak — and the more people get infected — the more chances monkeypox has to adapt to people,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the more time the virus spends inside people, the more time it has to evolve. It could possibly figure out how to spread more quickly among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So scientists are keeping a close eye on the virus and outbreaks that occur — especially if the virus appears to change its route of transmission, as may be happening in the current outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t think Ebola spread very easily between people,” Hooper adds. “And we were all surprised that health care workers could catch it even though they were wearing protective gear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, many scientists didn’t think SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, would mutate to become more contagious, but that’s exactly what has happened in the past two years. SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a virus just about as contagious as the flu virus into one that’s almost as contagious as the far more transmissible chickenpox virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With viruses that spill over from animals, you just never know what’s going to happen,” Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And indeed, this new outbreak in Europe may be a sign that the virus has changed — even if just a bit — and may be increasing its ability to spread among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Twitter Reaches Deal to Sell to Elon Musk for About $44 Billion",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated April 25, 2022 at 12:48 PM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has struck a deal with Elon Musk, handing the world’s richest man control of a social network that has far-reaching influence on politics and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">Musk will pay about $44 billion, or $54.20 a share, to take the social media company private\u003c/a>, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">an announcement from Twitter.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092792108/twitter-elon-musk-buy-company\">The agreement comes less than two weeks after Musk offered to buy Twitter\u003c/a>, sending the company’s board and management into crisis mode as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/19/1093408513/twitter-elon-musk-explainer-investors-shareholders\">they scrambled to figure out whether Musk was serious and whether his offer fairly valued the company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has vowed to “unlock” Twitter’s potential by loosening what he sees as unfair restrictions on free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Free speech is the bedrock of a functioning democracy, and Twitter is the digital town square where matters vital to the future of humanity are debated,” he said in the announcement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maverick entrepreneur is a prolific user and outspoken critic of Twitter, where he has more than 83 million followers and regularly posts memes, boosts his companies Tesla and SpaceX, and squabbles with critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk began accumulating Twitter shares in January. On April 4, he revealed that he’d become the company’s biggest individual shareholder. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/16/1093189684/elon-musk-wants-to-change-twitter\">He began calling for changes to the platform\u003c/a>, including loosening its rules over what users are allowed to post, banning bots that post spam, and making its algorithm public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">Musk tweeted\u003c/a> on Monday, before the deal was announced, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">“I hope that even my worst critics remain on Twitter, because that is what free speech means.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some observers say if Musk relaxes content rules, Twitter could be overrun by misinformation and toxic posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A platform that moderated only illegal speech would quickly be overcome by spam and garbage,” said Jameel Jaffer with the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. “That kind of platform wouldn’t work for anyone, whatever their political views.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, including Paul Barrett with NYU’s Stern School for Business and Human Rights, have similar concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without vigorous content moderation, the platform Musk seeks to own would be swamped by spam, porn, anti-vaccination misinformation, QAnon conspiracies, and fraudulent campaigns to undermine the midterms and 2024 presidential election,” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Poison pill’ afforded Twitter more time to consider offer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/11/1091969075/elon-musk-will-not-join-twitter-board\">accepting and then rejecting an invitation to join Twitter’s board\u003c/a>, Musk dropped a new bombshell with his unsolicited $54.20-a-share offer to buy the whole company and take it private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But lack of details about how Musk would finance the deal left many doubting he was serious. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093077611/twitter-board-poison-pill-elon-musk\">Twitter’s board quickly adopted a so-called “poison pill,”\u003c/a> which served essentially as a speed bump, a way to slow down Musk from acquiring more shares in the public market, as company leadership weighed the offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Board got some extra time with the poison pill but ultimately had to get to the negotiation table with Musk to get this deal done as the clock struck midnight on Twitter’s history as a public company,” said Dan Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/21/1094020022/elon-musk-twitter-money\">Musk announced he had lined up the money\u003c/a> to take Twitter private. In a regulatory filing, he said Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, and several other banks promised to lend $25.5 billion, backed in part by some of Musk’s Tesla shares, and that he would provide up to $21 billion in cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those details may have shifted the board’s view. While Twitter’s stock hit highs above $70 a share last year, the company’s shares had fallen below $40 in recent months, amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/23/1094324614/twitter-elon-musk-old-problems\">lingering questions over its ability to grow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Twitter Board conducted a thoughtful and comprehensive process to assess Elon’s proposal with a deliberate focus on value, certainty, and financing. The proposed transaction will deliver a substantial cash premium, and we believe it is the best path forward for Twitter’s stockholders,” said Bret Taylor, Twitter’s Independent Board Chair, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+reaches+deal+to+sell+to+Elon+Musk+for+about+%2444+billion&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated April 25, 2022 at 12:48 PM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has struck a deal with Elon Musk, handing the world’s richest man control of a social network that has far-reaching influence on politics and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">Musk will pay about $44 billion, or $54.20 a share, to take the social media company private\u003c/a>, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">an announcement from Twitter.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092792108/twitter-elon-musk-buy-company\">The agreement comes less than two weeks after Musk offered to buy Twitter\u003c/a>, sending the company’s board and management into crisis mode as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/19/1093408513/twitter-elon-musk-explainer-investors-shareholders\">they scrambled to figure out whether Musk was serious and whether his offer fairly valued the company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has vowed to “unlock” Twitter’s potential by loosening what he sees as unfair restrictions on free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Free speech is the bedrock of a functioning democracy, and Twitter is the digital town square where matters vital to the future of humanity are debated,” he said in the announcement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maverick entrepreneur is a prolific user and outspoken critic of Twitter, where he has more than 83 million followers and regularly posts memes, boosts his companies Tesla and SpaceX, and squabbles with critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk began accumulating Twitter shares in January. On April 4, he revealed that he’d become the company’s biggest individual shareholder. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/16/1093189684/elon-musk-wants-to-change-twitter\">He began calling for changes to the platform\u003c/a>, including loosening its rules over what users are allowed to post, banning bots that post spam, and making its algorithm public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">Musk tweeted\u003c/a> on Monday, before the deal was announced, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">“I hope that even my worst critics remain on Twitter, because that is what free speech means.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some observers say if Musk relaxes content rules, Twitter could be overrun by misinformation and toxic posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A platform that moderated only illegal speech would quickly be overcome by spam and garbage,” said Jameel Jaffer with the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. “That kind of platform wouldn’t work for anyone, whatever their political views.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, including Paul Barrett with NYU’s Stern School for Business and Human Rights, have similar concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without vigorous content moderation, the platform Musk seeks to own would be swamped by spam, porn, anti-vaccination misinformation, QAnon conspiracies, and fraudulent campaigns to undermine the midterms and 2024 presidential election,” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Poison pill’ afforded Twitter more time to consider offer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/11/1091969075/elon-musk-will-not-join-twitter-board\">accepting and then rejecting an invitation to join Twitter’s board\u003c/a>, Musk dropped a new bombshell with his unsolicited $54.20-a-share offer to buy the whole company and take it private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But lack of details about how Musk would finance the deal left many doubting he was serious. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093077611/twitter-board-poison-pill-elon-musk\">Twitter’s board quickly adopted a so-called “poison pill,”\u003c/a> which served essentially as a speed bump, a way to slow down Musk from acquiring more shares in the public market, as company leadership weighed the offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Board got some extra time with the poison pill but ultimately had to get to the negotiation table with Musk to get this deal done as the clock struck midnight on Twitter’s history as a public company,” said Dan Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/21/1094020022/elon-musk-twitter-money\">Musk announced he had lined up the money\u003c/a> to take Twitter private. In a regulatory filing, he said Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, and several other banks promised to lend $25.5 billion, backed in part by some of Musk’s Tesla shares, and that he would provide up to $21 billion in cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those details may have shifted the board’s view. While Twitter’s stock hit highs above $70 a share last year, the company’s shares had fallen below $40 in recent months, amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/23/1094324614/twitter-elon-musk-old-problems\">lingering questions over its ability to grow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Twitter Board conducted a thoughtful and comprehensive process to assess Elon’s proposal with a deliberate focus on value, certainty, and financing. The proposed transaction will deliver a substantial cash premium, and we believe it is the best path forward for Twitter’s stockholders,” said Bret Taylor, Twitter’s Independent Board Chair, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+reaches+deal+to+sell+to+Elon+Musk+for+about+%2444+billion&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
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