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"content": "\u003cp>When police are trying to solve a crime, they often turn to Google for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It makes sense since the Silicon Valley giant has grown into a nearly $1.6 trillion company on the strength of its most valuable asset: Data on billions of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And often, finding out where someone was at the time of a crime, or what they were Googling before a crime occurs, can be pivotal to investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the Supreme Court has overturned \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, privacy advocates fear Google will provide users' data to authorities who may try to target people seeking abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When someone uses a Google service on their phone with location history enabled, Google logs that phone's position about every two minutes. The company can estimate the location of a person's device within nine feet, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/document/united-states-v-chatrie-order-motion-suppress\">court testimony from the company has shown\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"reproductive-rights\"]In the first half of last year, \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">law enforcement sent Google more than 50,000 subpoenas\u003c/a>, search warrants and other types of legal requests for data Google retains, sometimes drawing from a massive centralized database of users' location history known as \"Sensorvault,\" which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/13/technology/google-sensorvault-location-tracking.html\">first reported by the \u003cem>New York Times \u003c/em>\u003c/a>in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Google is increasingly the cornerstone of American policing,\" said Albert Fox Cahn, a lawyer who is also executive director of the Surveillance Technology Oversight Project, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As authorities investigating crimes have become more tech savvy, they have turned to two particularly controversial types of data requests: geofence warrants and keyword warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are digital dragnets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Geofence warrants seek information about every device that has crossed into a defined location in a specific period of time, say a bank at which there was recently a robbery, a home that was recently burned down, or an abortion clinic following the Supreme Court ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keyword warrants request information on everyone who has Googled specific search terms, a kind of digital dragnet that has long alarmed privacy advocates, and now abortion-rights advocates as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is so chilling. It is so broad. It is so contrary to our civil rights. And yet, because Google has so much of our data, it's just a ticking time bomb for pregnant people,\" Cahn said of keyword searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it remains unclear whether state authorities will try to prosecute abortion-seekers, and will use digital evidence as part of those potential cases, legal experts say the prospect should be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy experts like Cahn consider the keyword search warrants — being able to comb through everyone who Googled a certain term — a type of fishing expedition that violates user privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the equivalent of going to a library and then trying to search every person who checked out a specific book,\" he added. \"We would never allow that in the analog world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a far-reaching search in the real world would likely violate the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches, Cahn said. But courts are still catching up to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are largely untested in U.S. courts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are very few cases in the U.S. that have tested the legality of geofence warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Virginia bank robbery case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22081892-lauck-opinion\">a federal judge ruled this year that the use of the geofenced data to catch a suspect was unconstitutional\u003c/a> since police did not demonstrate they had probable cause for the search and it provided authorities with the location data of innocent bystanders. The warrant was approved by a magistrate who did not have a law degree. Yet the judge's ruling in the case does not have any bearing on how authorities in other states use the warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, keyword searches are a relatively novel concept in the American legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Denver, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/police-google-reverse-keyword-searches-rcna35749\">police used a keyword search to find a suspect in a fire that left five dead\u003c/a>. Authorities obtained from Google the names of people who had searched for the address of the home that was set ablaze and made an arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privacy watchdog group Electronic Frontier Foundation says keyword warrants are \"totally incompatible with constitutional protections for privacy and freedom of speech and expression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Lynch, a lawyer with the group, said such searches run the risk of implicating innocent people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the U.S. does not have a national data privacy law that could ban this type of surveillance, the cases are playing out in courts around the country in scattershot fashion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's still a relatively new search technique, and we're just now seeing judges deal with them,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and prosecutors, however, view geofence and keyword warrants as a way to catch perpetrators of crimes who may have otherwise eluded authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Google's own workers want the company to do more to protect abortion-seekers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Google has said that if data requests from authorities are overly broad, it will challenge them. \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">The company's own statistics show that it produces data for authorities about 80% of the time it receives requests\u003c/a>. There is no public evidence of the company resisting a keyword search warrant in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/04/google-fights-dragnet-warrant-users-search-histories-overseas-while-continuing\">It did, however, push back on one in Brazil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/technology/safety-security/protecting-peoples-privacy-on-health-topics/\">Google earlier this month committed to deleting location data that shows when people go to abortion providers, fertility centers and other \"particularly personal\" places\u003c/a>. In a blog post, Google executive Jen Fitzpatrick wrote that users can also choose to have their location data auto-deleted from their devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Google employees are agitating for the company to do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're really looking for these short, punchy press releases that get this breathless, 'Wow, Google is doing such good things,' or 'Alphabet is doing such good things,' coverage in the tech media, but then really aren't actually substantial,\" said Ashok Chandwaney, a Google software engineer who is part of the Alphabet Workers' Union. (Alphabet is Google's parent company.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chandwaney wants Google to vow to figure out all the ways law enforcement can potentially gather data on abortion-seekers from the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then make it so that the data that could get people charged, or fined, or thrown in jail, or whatever, for seeking out healthcare, is not a thing that the company has to give to law enforcement,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Shannon Bond contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Privacy+advocates+fear+Google+will+be+used+to+prosecute+abortion+seekers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the first half of last year, \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">law enforcement sent Google more than 50,000 subpoenas\u003c/a>, search warrants and other types of legal requests for data Google retains, sometimes drawing from a massive centralized database of users' location history known as \"Sensorvault,\" which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/13/technology/google-sensorvault-location-tracking.html\">first reported by the \u003cem>New York Times \u003c/em>\u003c/a>in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Google is increasingly the cornerstone of American policing,\" said Albert Fox Cahn, a lawyer who is also executive director of the Surveillance Technology Oversight Project, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As authorities investigating crimes have become more tech savvy, they have turned to two particularly controversial types of data requests: geofence warrants and keyword warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are digital dragnets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Geofence warrants seek information about every device that has crossed into a defined location in a specific period of time, say a bank at which there was recently a robbery, a home that was recently burned down, or an abortion clinic following the Supreme Court ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keyword warrants request information on everyone who has Googled specific search terms, a kind of digital dragnet that has long alarmed privacy advocates, and now abortion-rights advocates as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is so chilling. It is so broad. It is so contrary to our civil rights. And yet, because Google has so much of our data, it's just a ticking time bomb for pregnant people,\" Cahn said of keyword searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it remains unclear whether state authorities will try to prosecute abortion-seekers, and will use digital evidence as part of those potential cases, legal experts say the prospect should be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Privacy experts like Cahn consider the keyword search warrants — being able to comb through everyone who Googled a certain term — a type of fishing expedition that violates user privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the equivalent of going to a library and then trying to search every person who checked out a specific book,\" he added. \"We would never allow that in the analog world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a far-reaching search in the real world would likely violate the Fourth Amendment's ban on unreasonable searches, Cahn said. But courts are still catching up to the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geofence and keyword warrants are largely untested in U.S. courts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are very few cases in the U.S. that have tested the legality of geofence warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Virginia bank robbery case, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/22081892-lauck-opinion\">a federal judge ruled this year that the use of the geofenced data to catch a suspect was unconstitutional\u003c/a> since police did not demonstrate they had probable cause for the search and it provided authorities with the location data of innocent bystanders. The warrant was approved by a magistrate who did not have a law degree. Yet the judge's ruling in the case does not have any bearing on how authorities in other states use the warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, keyword searches are a relatively novel concept in the American legal system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Denver, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/police-google-reverse-keyword-searches-rcna35749\">police used a keyword search to find a suspect in a fire that left five dead\u003c/a>. Authorities obtained from Google the names of people who had searched for the address of the home that was set ablaze and made an arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The privacy watchdog group Electronic Frontier Foundation says keyword warrants are \"totally incompatible with constitutional protections for privacy and freedom of speech and expression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Lynch, a lawyer with the group, said such searches run the risk of implicating innocent people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the U.S. does not have a national data privacy law that could ban this type of surveillance, the cases are playing out in courts around the country in scattershot fashion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's still a relatively new search technique, and we're just now seeing judges deal with them,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and prosecutors, however, view geofence and keyword warrants as a way to catch perpetrators of crimes who may have otherwise eluded authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Google's own workers want the company to do more to protect abortion-seekers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Google has said that if data requests from authorities are overly broad, it will challenge them. \u003ca href=\"https://transparencyreport.google.com/user-data/overview?user_requests_report_period=authority:US\">The company's own statistics show that it produces data for authorities about 80% of the time it receives requests\u003c/a>. There is no public evidence of the company resisting a keyword search warrant in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2022/04/google-fights-dragnet-warrant-users-search-histories-overseas-while-continuing\">It did, however, push back on one in Brazil\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/technology/safety-security/protecting-peoples-privacy-on-health-topics/\">Google earlier this month committed to deleting location data that shows when people go to abortion providers, fertility centers and other \"particularly personal\" places\u003c/a>. 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"disqusTitle": "What to Consider About Contraception and Pregnancy After Roe v. Wade Is Overturned",
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"content": "\u003cp>Access to a safe abortion already varies depending on what state you live in. Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe V. Wade, the landmark Supreme Court decision that's protected abortion rights since 1973, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/1096719943/some-states-will-ban-abortion-others-will-expand-access-if-roe-v-wade-is-overtur\">options will become even more limited – or virtually non-existent – in many states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are potential implications for reproductive health well beyond abortion – including types of birth control, fertility treatments and treatments during pregnancy. Many people may have to rethink – or think more intentionally about – decisions they've long taken for granted.[aside postID=news_11917111 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/RS55728_073_KQED_AbortionRallySF_05032022-qut-1-1020x679.jpg']Here's what you need to know about birth control, emergency contraception and terminating a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Consider \"layering\" contraceptive methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm#Contraceptive-Effectiveness\">Different types of birth control have different rates of failure\u003c/a> – meaning, contraception does not 100% guarantee that you won't get pregnant if you're having sex. Your choice of birth control might depend on the associated side effects, whether your healthcare provider or local pharmacy keeps it in stock, if you have insurance, what your insurance covers and a method's efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you decide \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807328672/trying-to-decide-what-birth-control-to-use-heres-how-to-make-the-decision\">what type of birth control works for you\u003c/a>, consider whether you need to take extra precautions if you don't want to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katharine White, \u003ca href=\"https://www.drkatewhite.com/yoursexualhealth/\">an associate professor at Boston University's school of medicine and author of the book \u003cem>Your Sexual Health\u003c/em>\u003c/a> recommends \"layering\" certain methods: if condoms are your primary method of birth control, consider also using the withdrawal method and/or tracking your ovulation so that you know when you're most fertile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call this the BLT approach because it involves stacking methods on top of each other,\" like a bacon-lettuce-tomato sandwich. \"Together, these can be very highly effective,\" says Dr. White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any birth control, Dr. White says, will be \"much more effective than crossing your fingers hoping that you don't get pregnant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can keep emergency contraception on hand in case you need it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If your primary birth control fails or if you have unprotected sex and want to prevent pregnancy, you may find yourself at the pharmacy for emergency contraception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan B and other emergency contraceptive pills are\u003cstrong> not the same\u003c/strong> as an abortion pill – \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/07/access-to-emergency-contraception\">emergency contraception prevents someone from getting pregnant in the first place\u003c/a>.[aside postID=news_11913295 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS55729_078_KQED_AbortionRallySF_05032022-qut-1020x680.jpg']Plan B is one of the most popular brands, but you can find a number of over-the-counter emergency contraceptives with levonorgestrel. You can also ask your provider to prescribe you Ella, an emergency contraceptive pill with ulipristal acetate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception\">Emergency contraception can prevent more than 95% of pregnancies\u003c/a> when taken within three to five days of unprotected sex. But the sooner you take it, the more effective it is. Many sexually active people keep some on hand in their medicine cabinet as a precautionary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check the expiration date – it's typically several years out, but the pill becomes less effective after it expires. Because of the long shelf-life, you can stock up responsibly in case supplies get short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find yourself using emergency contraceptives frequently, consider a different primary method of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone finds that they're needing to take it often ... [like] more than once in a month or in one menstrual cycle, it may not be as effective because the way it works is to delay ovulation,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://powertodecide.org/\">Dr. Raegan McDonald-Mosley, a practicing OBGYN and the CEO of Power to Decide\u003c/a>, a sexual health and planning nonprofit group.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you have an unplanned pregnancy, online resources can help find the right option for you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If a home pregnancy test shows that you're pregnant, trust it – \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/home-pregnancy-tests/art-20047940\">it's rare to get a false-positive\u003c/a>. If you're faced with an unwanted pregnancy, most states require you to act quickly.[aside postID=news_11917541 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/06/Lee-Mitchell_IMG_0090-2-1020x728.jpg']If you live in a state that has severely restricted or eliminated access to abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.abortionfinder.org/\">you can find your nearest clinic through Power To Decide's abortion finder\u003c/a>. Going to a clinic that provides abortions does not necessarily mean you will have an abortion, Dr. McDonald-Mosley says. You can make an appointment to confirm a pregnancy and discuss your options with a professional, including information about childcare services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a lot of people, traveling out of state to an abortion clinic is prohibitively expensive. The \u003ca href=\"https://wrrap.org/\">Women's Reproductive Rights Assistance Project (WRRAP)\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ineedana.com/about\">I Need a Database\u003c/a> can show you clinics in your area and link you to local organizations that can help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can't travel to a clinic or prefer to manage your own abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://aidaccess.org/en/\">you can get care online through aidaccess.org\u003c/a>. The site provides online consultations for abortions and medication from overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those pills are the exact same medication as we provide in our clinic,\" says Robin Marty, the operations director at the \u003ca href=\"https://alabortionclinic.com/\">West Alabama Women's Center\u003c/a>. Like with any medication, there can be health risks with getting medication online – and Marty cautions that \u003ca href=\"https://www.reprolegalhelpline.org/self-managed-abortion-and-the-law/\">depending on where you live, there may be legal repercussions\u003c/a> involved in seeking abortion pills or inducing an abortion at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to look up your state's laws about managing your own abortion before you make your decision. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html\">numerous resources online\u003c/a> that explain each state's laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/abortion-access-tool/CO\">regarding abortion restrictions there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seek professional medical care from a local clinic, your doctor or a local urgent care if you experience prolonged bleeding or other complications after taking medication to manage an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complications from a medical abortion look very much like a miscarriage, says Dr. McDonald-Mosley. \"So someone can potentially present to an emergency room or to their provider and say, 'I'm having cramping and bleeding and I had a positive pregnancy test,' and receive the care that they need without having to reveal that they have taken abortion medications.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you're planning to get pregnant, talk to your provider early about your options, in case of complications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, even planned pregnancies end in abortion due to complications that can pose a risk to the pregnant person, or a fetal anomaly that will result in the baby's death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal implications are even less clear in these circumstances now that Roe v. Wade is overturned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Dr. White says that people who are planning to get pregnant should have conversations with their doctors about what might happen if there is a reason to terminate the pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would tell people who are pregnant, please enjoy your pregnancy, but don't do it by yourself,\" Dr. White says. She implores people to seek care for their pregnancy early – it's the best way to monitor the health of the parent and baby, and detect complications early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is more important than ever to have a good sense of what it is that you want in terms of pregnancy,\" Dr. White says. \"Find a doctor or a midwife or a clinical person who you can partner with, who you feel comfortable being open and honest with about everything and ... who will be open and honest with you about what's going to be possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your options, there are people who are willing to help. \"There are legions of doctors and health care professionals who are getting ready for what is happening,\" says Dr. White. \"We are going to be working really hard to put systems in place that everybody can still get the care that they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3LdRb0X\">\u003cem>Apple Podcasts\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3K3xVln\">\u003cem>Spotify\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, or sign up for our \u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio portion of this episode was produced by Mansee Khurana. We'd love to hear from you! Email us at or send a voice note to LifeKit@npr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+consider+about+contraception+and+pregnancy+after+Roe+v.+Wade+is+overturned&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Access to a safe abortion already varies depending on what state you live in. Now that the Supreme Court has overturned Roe V. Wade, the landmark Supreme Court decision that's protected abortion rights since 1973, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/04/1096719943/some-states-will-ban-abortion-others-will-expand-access-if-roe-v-wade-is-overtur\">options will become even more limited – or virtually non-existent – in many states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are potential implications for reproductive health well beyond abortion – including types of birth control, fertility treatments and treatments during pregnancy. Many people may have to rethink – or think more intentionally about – decisions they've long taken for granted.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Here's what you need to know about birth control, emergency contraception and terminating a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Consider \"layering\" contraceptive methods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/index.htm#Contraceptive-Effectiveness\">Different types of birth control have different rates of failure\u003c/a> – meaning, contraception does not 100% guarantee that you won't get pregnant if you're having sex. Your choice of birth control might depend on the associated side effects, whether your healthcare provider or local pharmacy keeps it in stock, if you have insurance, what your insurance covers and a method's efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you decide \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/19/807328672/trying-to-decide-what-birth-control-to-use-heres-how-to-make-the-decision\">what type of birth control works for you\u003c/a>, consider whether you need to take extra precautions if you don't want to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katharine White, \u003ca href=\"https://www.drkatewhite.com/yoursexualhealth/\">an associate professor at Boston University's school of medicine and author of the book \u003cem>Your Sexual Health\u003c/em>\u003c/a> recommends \"layering\" certain methods: if condoms are your primary method of birth control, consider also using the withdrawal method and/or tracking your ovulation so that you know when you're most fertile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call this the BLT approach because it involves stacking methods on top of each other,\" like a bacon-lettuce-tomato sandwich. \"Together, these can be very highly effective,\" says Dr. White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any birth control, Dr. White says, will be \"much more effective than crossing your fingers hoping that you don't get pregnant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can keep emergency contraception on hand in case you need it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If your primary birth control fails or if you have unprotected sex and want to prevent pregnancy, you may find yourself at the pharmacy for emergency contraception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plan B and other emergency contraceptive pills are\u003cstrong> not the same\u003c/strong> as an abortion pill – \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2017/07/access-to-emergency-contraception\">emergency contraception prevents someone from getting pregnant in the first place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Plan B is one of the most popular brands, but you can find a number of over-the-counter emergency contraceptives with levonorgestrel. You can also ask your provider to prescribe you Ella, an emergency contraceptive pill with ulipristal acetate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/emergency-contraception\">Emergency contraception can prevent more than 95% of pregnancies\u003c/a> when taken within three to five days of unprotected sex. But the sooner you take it, the more effective it is. Many sexually active people keep some on hand in their medicine cabinet as a precautionary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check the expiration date – it's typically several years out, but the pill becomes less effective after it expires. Because of the long shelf-life, you can stock up responsibly in case supplies get short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find yourself using emergency contraceptives frequently, consider a different primary method of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If someone finds that they're needing to take it often ... [like] more than once in a month or in one menstrual cycle, it may not be as effective because the way it works is to delay ovulation,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://powertodecide.org/\">Dr. Raegan McDonald-Mosley, a practicing OBGYN and the CEO of Power to Decide\u003c/a>, a sexual health and planning nonprofit group.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you have an unplanned pregnancy, online resources can help find the right option for you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If a home pregnancy test shows that you're pregnant, trust it – \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/home-pregnancy-tests/art-20047940\">it's rare to get a false-positive\u003c/a>. If you're faced with an unwanted pregnancy, most states require you to act quickly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If you live in a state that has severely restricted or eliminated access to abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://www.abortionfinder.org/\">you can find your nearest clinic through Power To Decide's abortion finder\u003c/a>. Going to a clinic that provides abortions does not necessarily mean you will have an abortion, Dr. McDonald-Mosley says. You can make an appointment to confirm a pregnancy and discuss your options with a professional, including information about childcare services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a lot of people, traveling out of state to an abortion clinic is prohibitively expensive. The \u003ca href=\"https://wrrap.org/\">Women's Reproductive Rights Assistance Project (WRRAP)\u003c/a> or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ineedana.com/about\">I Need a Database\u003c/a> can show you clinics in your area and link you to local organizations that can help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can't travel to a clinic or prefer to manage your own abortion, \u003ca href=\"https://aidaccess.org/en/\">you can get care online through aidaccess.org\u003c/a>. The site provides online consultations for abortions and medication from overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those pills are the exact same medication as we provide in our clinic,\" says Robin Marty, the operations director at the \u003ca href=\"https://alabortionclinic.com/\">West Alabama Women's Center\u003c/a>. Like with any medication, there can be health risks with getting medication online – and Marty cautions that \u003ca href=\"https://www.reprolegalhelpline.org/self-managed-abortion-and-the-law/\">depending on where you live, there may be legal repercussions\u003c/a> involved in seeking abortion pills or inducing an abortion at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to look up your state's laws about managing your own abortion before you make your decision. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/us/abortion-laws-roe-v-wade.html\">numerous resources online\u003c/a> that explain each state's laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/abortion-access-tool/CO\">regarding abortion restrictions there\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seek professional medical care from a local clinic, your doctor or a local urgent care if you experience prolonged bleeding or other complications after taking medication to manage an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complications from a medical abortion look very much like a miscarriage, says Dr. McDonald-Mosley. \"So someone can potentially present to an emergency room or to their provider and say, 'I'm having cramping and bleeding and I had a positive pregnancy test,' and receive the care that they need without having to reveal that they have taken abortion medications.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you're planning to get pregnant, talk to your provider early about your options, in case of complications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, even planned pregnancies end in abortion due to complications that can pose a risk to the pregnant person, or a fetal anomaly that will result in the baby's death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal implications are even less clear in these circumstances now that Roe v. Wade is overturned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why Dr. White says that people who are planning to get pregnant should have conversations with their doctors about what might happen if there is a reason to terminate the pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would tell people who are pregnant, please enjoy your pregnancy, but don't do it by yourself,\" Dr. White says. She implores people to seek care for their pregnancy early – it's the best way to monitor the health of the parent and baby, and detect complications early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is more important than ever to have a good sense of what it is that you want in terms of pregnancy,\" Dr. White says. \"Find a doctor or a midwife or a clinical person who you can partner with, who you feel comfortable being open and honest with about everything and ... who will be open and honest with you about what's going to be possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your options, there are people who are willing to help. \"There are legions of doctors and health care professionals who are getting ready for what is happening,\" says Dr. White. \"We are going to be working really hard to put systems in place that everybody can still get the care that they need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3LdRb0X\">\u003cem>Apple Podcasts\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3K3xVln\">\u003cem>Spotify\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, or sign up for our \u003ca href=\"http://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">newsletter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio portion of this episode was produced by Mansee Khurana. We'd love to hear from you! Email us at or send a voice note to LifeKit@npr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+consider+about+contraception+and+pregnancy+after+Roe+v.+Wade+is+overturned&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The FDA Orders Juul to Pull All of its Vaping Products From the U.S. Market",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has issued a marketing denial order to Juul, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">telling the company to remove its e-cigarettes from the U.S. marketplace\u003c/a> — a decision that promises to shake up the vaping market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision applies to “all of their products currently marketed in the United States,” the FDA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the FDA’s review of Juul, which accounts for a large portion of the U.S. e-cigarette market, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">FDA Commissioner Robert M. Califf stated\u003c/a>, “We recognize these make up a significant part of the available products and many have played a disproportionate role in the rise in youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a Juul representative said the company will fight the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We respectfully disagree with the FDA’s findings and decision,” Joe Murillo, Juul Labs’ chief regulatory officer, said in a statement sent to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to seek a stay and are exploring all of our options under the FDA’s regulations and the law,” Murillo said, “including appealing the decision and engaging with our regulator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FDA ruling sparks strong reactions from both sides\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The decision comes nearly two years after Juul \u003ca href=\"https://www.juullabs.com/juul-labs-submits-premarket-tobacco-product-application/\">submitted its application to the FDA\u003c/a>, hoping to continue selling its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the FDA’s decision initially emerged in preliminary reports on Wednesday. It was welcomed by the advocacy group PAVe, or Parents Against Vaping e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“JUUL will finally be held accountable for creating the youth vaping epidemic, and igniting a new industry of highly-addictive flavored products that are harming millions of American kids,” the group’s founders, Meredith Berkman and Dorian Fuhrman, told NPR via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an enormous step in the right direction,” they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But word of the decision incensed Amanda Wheeler, the president of the American Vapor Manufacturers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler accused the FDA of waging a “campaign of regulatory arson against the nicotine vaping products that millions of Americans rely on as an alternative to cigarettes.” It was a sign, she said, of the FDA’s “staggering indifference to ordinary Americans and their right to switch” to vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vaping is seen as a potential aid for adults, and a risk for kids\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s denial could signal a dramatic shift in how regulators view e-cigarettes. Their supporters credit Juul and other vape companies with offering addicted smokers a less harmful alternative to cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-decisions-additional-e-cigarette-products\">The FDA itself acknowledges that potential\u003c/a>. In recent months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/premarket-tobacco-product-applications/premarket-tobacco-product-marketing-granted-orders\">it has authorized other companies’ vape devices and products\u003c/a> — but only after the agency became convinced the companies are doing enough to steer clear of youths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, for instance, the FDA stated that in one case it reviewed, “the likely benefit for adult smokers who significantly reduce their cigarette use … outweighs the risk to youth, provided that the company follows postmarketing requirements to reduce youth access and youth exposure to their marketing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say the process of vaping highly addictive nicotine brings its own health risks — and they’ve accused Juul of targeting minors through its marketing practices and youth-friendly flavors. In recent years, the pushback prompted Juul to eliminate flavors such as mango and crème. \u003ca href=\"https://www.juul.com/discontinued-flavors\">It now sells just two variations\u003c/a>: tobacco and menthol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-plans-proposed-rule-reduce-addictiveness-cigarettes-and-other-combusted-tobacco\">According to the FDA\u003c/a>, nearly 10.7 million young people from 12-17 years old have used e-cigarettes or are open to trying them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FDA+orders+Juul+to+pull+all+of+its+vaping+products+from+the+U.S.+market&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The company 'will finally be held accountable for creating the youth vaping epidemic,' the advocacy group Parents Against Vaping e-cigarettes told NPR. Juul said it plans to fight the decision.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has issued a marketing denial order to Juul, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">telling the company to remove its e-cigarettes from the U.S. marketplace\u003c/a> — a decision that promises to shake up the vaping market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision applies to “all of their products currently marketed in the United States,” the FDA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the FDA’s review of Juul, which accounts for a large portion of the U.S. e-cigarette market, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-denies-authorization-market-juul-products\">FDA Commissioner Robert M. Califf stated\u003c/a>, “We recognize these make up a significant part of the available products and many have played a disproportionate role in the rise in youth vaping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, a Juul representative said the company will fight the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We respectfully disagree with the FDA’s findings and decision,” Joe Murillo, Juul Labs’ chief regulatory officer, said in a statement sent to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We intend to seek a stay and are exploring all of our options under the FDA’s regulations and the law,” Murillo said, “including appealing the decision and engaging with our regulator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FDA ruling sparks strong reactions from both sides\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The decision comes nearly two years after Juul \u003ca href=\"https://www.juullabs.com/juul-labs-submits-premarket-tobacco-product-application/\">submitted its application to the FDA\u003c/a>, hoping to continue selling its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the FDA’s decision initially emerged in preliminary reports on Wednesday. It was welcomed by the advocacy group PAVe, or Parents Against Vaping e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“JUUL will finally be held accountable for creating the youth vaping epidemic, and igniting a new industry of highly-addictive flavored products that are harming millions of American kids,” the group’s founders, Meredith Berkman and Dorian Fuhrman, told NPR via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an enormous step in the right direction,” they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But word of the decision incensed Amanda Wheeler, the president of the American Vapor Manufacturers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler accused the FDA of waging a “campaign of regulatory arson against the nicotine vaping products that millions of Americans rely on as an alternative to cigarettes.” It was a sign, she said, of the FDA’s “staggering indifference to ordinary Americans and their right to switch” to vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vaping is seen as a potential aid for adults, and a risk for kids\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s denial could signal a dramatic shift in how regulators view e-cigarettes. Their supporters credit Juul and other vape companies with offering addicted smokers a less harmful alternative to cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-issues-decisions-additional-e-cigarette-products\">The FDA itself acknowledges that potential\u003c/a>. In recent months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/premarket-tobacco-product-applications/premarket-tobacco-product-marketing-granted-orders\">it has authorized other companies’ vape devices and products\u003c/a> — but only after the agency became convinced the companies are doing enough to steer clear of youths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, for instance, the FDA stated that in one case it reviewed, “the likely benefit for adult smokers who significantly reduce their cigarette use … outweighs the risk to youth, provided that the company follows postmarketing requirements to reduce youth access and youth exposure to their marketing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say the process of vaping highly addictive nicotine brings its own health risks — and they’ve accused Juul of targeting minors through its marketing practices and youth-friendly flavors. In recent years, the pushback prompted Juul to eliminate flavors such as mango and crème. \u003ca href=\"https://www.juul.com/discontinued-flavors\">It now sells just two variations\u003c/a>: tobacco and menthol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-announces-plans-proposed-rule-reduce-addictiveness-cigarettes-and-other-combusted-tobacco\">According to the FDA\u003c/a>, nearly 10.7 million young people from 12-17 years old have used e-cigarettes or are open to trying them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FDA+orders+Juul+to+pull+all+of+its+vaping+products+from+the+U.S.+market&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People who menstruate are saying it's hard to find tampons on store shelves across the U.S. right now, as supply chain upsets reach the feminine care aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just went to 5 different Walgreens [and] the shelves are CLEARED,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lilhandsy/status/1534618564547575808?s=20&t=gVLj5V6-npWQdBYy81iTgw%20\">said one Twitter user this past week\u003c/a>, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/TwoXChromosomes/comments/u4nwmj/the_great_tampon_shortage_of_current_day/\">people on Reddit have posted about empty shelves going back months.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shortage stems from a combination of factory staffing challenges, transportation bottlenecks, and the rising costs of key raw materials used to make the products, tampon makers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CVS, Target and Walgreens said in statements to NPR that they were aware of a limited tampon supply at some stores. A spokesperson for CVS said that, in recent weeks, suppliers haven't been able to fulfill the full orders placed by the company. Both companies said they're working with tampon makers to replenish store inventory as soon as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walgreens said its shortages \"may only be in specific brands while we navigate the supply disruption,\" but that its website is updated with the latest store-level inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Marlowe, the founder of I Support the Girls, an organization that provides menstrual products for people with economic hardship, says the shortage has been happening for longer than most people realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marlowe says her group has seen a large drop in tampon donations in recent months. The organization received half as many tampons this year compared to the same time last year and over 60% less than in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our shelves our bare,\" Marlowe told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Procter & Gamble, makers of Tampax products, told NPR the supply problem is temporary and that \"the Tampax team is producing tampons 24/7 to meet the increased demand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>P&G, which owns the biggest market share of menstrual products, said in an April earnings call that sourcing and transporting raw materials for menstrual products, as well as getting products on trucks to retailers, \"continues to be costly and highly volatile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It's another supply chain issue affecting women\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It's another supply chain problem where women are bearing the brunt of the cost, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1099748064/baby-infant-formula-shortages\">mothers struggle to feed their babies during the baby formula shortage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Time\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://time.com./6184644/tampon-shortage-supply-chain/\">first reported on the tampon shortage\u003c/a> last week, noting that it's lasted longer than other shortages, like toilet paper and cleaning supplies, early on in the pandemic. Decision-makers in the supply chain and CEOs of manufacturers are mostly men, the magazine reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tampons are also getting more expensive due to inflation. A year after announcing increased prices on feminine care products, P&G said in the April earnings call that ongoing supply chain constraints led to another price hike on the products, which will go into effect in mid-July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-09/inflation-is-pushing-tampon-prices-up-10\">The average price for tampons rose by nearly 10% in the year through last month\u003c/a>, Bloomberg reported citing NielsenIQ data, because of rising costs of the materials used. The materials that make up tampons, including cotton, rayon, fluff pulp and plastic, have been in high demand for use in masks and other medical products during the pandemic. Extreme drought in Texas, diesel prices and Russia's invasion of Ukraine also tightened the supply of those goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I Support The Girls founder Marlowe said that existing stigmas and taboos around menstruation make it difficult to garner national attention and action needed to solve the scarcity problem. It's one that affects vulnerable groups the most, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's met women who don't have the resources to make multiple trips to the store, she said, and have resorted to unsafe methods. \"They're using cardboard and duct tape, ripped up sheets,\" and other unsanitary items, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+not+just+you%3A+Tampons+are+harder+to+find+%E2%80%94+and+pricier&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Golden State Warriors head coach Steve Kerr made it clear he did not want to talk about basketball before Tuesday night's playoff game, instead devoting a news conference to discuss the violence at an elementary school in Uvalde, Texas — and to condemn politicians' inaction on a fundamental gun law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any basketball questions don't matter,\" Kerr said. But his remarks on guns drew wide interest, as the U.S. absorbed the news that yet another mass shooting had robbed young schoolchildren of their lives and futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When are we gonna do something?!\" Kerr shouted, after running through the list of recent gun violence incidents in the U.S., including the Tops grocery shooting in Buffalo and a church shooting in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"gun-violence\"]\"I'm so tired of getting up here and offering condolences to the devastated families that are out there,\" said Kerr, who grew visibly emotional as he discussed the tragedies inflicted upon innocent people. \"I'm tired of the moments of silence. Enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr accused a group of senators of defying the will of the American people by not acting on H.R. 8, the Bipartisan Background Checks Act that the House approved more than a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr, whose father was \u003ca href=\"https://www.arabnews.com/node/1708591/middle-east\">killed by gunmen\u003c/a> in Lebanon in 1984, said that 90% of the U.S. public currently support requiring universal background checks — a claim that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/15/colion-noir/universal-background-check-support-near-90-most-re/\">previously been verified by fact-checkers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are being held hostage by 50 senators in Washington who refuse to even put it to a vote, despite what we the American people want,\" the coach said. \"They won't vote on it because they want to hold on to their own power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pathetic,\" Kerr said, as he stood up to end the news conference. \"I've had enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those amplifying Kerr's message included Boston College historian \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/heathercoxrichardson/posts/555393632622540\">Heather Cox Richardson\u003c/a>, who said Kerr \"best expressed the outrage of the nation.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThe Senate received H.R. 8 in March of 2021. There were no further updates to its status until Tuesday, when it received its first reading, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/8/all-actions\">Congress' legislation tracker\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NBA+coach+Steve+Kerr+calls+out+50+senators+on+a+bipartisan+gun+background+check+law&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"I'm so tired of getting up here and offering condolences to the devastated families that are out there,\" said Kerr, who grew visibly emotional as he discussed the tragedies inflicted upon innocent people. \"I'm tired of the moments of silence. Enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr accused a group of senators of defying the will of the American people by not acting on H.R. 8, the Bipartisan Background Checks Act that the House approved more than a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerr, whose father was \u003ca href=\"https://www.arabnews.com/node/1708591/middle-east\">killed by gunmen\u003c/a> in Lebanon in 1984, said that 90% of the U.S. public currently support requiring universal background checks — a claim that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/mar/15/colion-noir/universal-background-check-support-near-90-most-re/\">previously been verified by fact-checkers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are being held hostage by 50 senators in Washington who refuse to even put it to a vote, despite what we the American people want,\" the coach said. \"They won't vote on it because they want to hold on to their own power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pathetic,\" Kerr said, as he stood up to end the news conference. \"I've had enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those amplifying Kerr's message included Boston College historian \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/heathercoxrichardson/posts/555393632622540\">Heather Cox Richardson\u003c/a>, who said Kerr \"best expressed the outrage of the nation.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Rare Monkeypox Outbreak in U.K., Europe and U.S.: What Is It and Should We Worry?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated May 20, 2022 at 9:29 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated on May 23 to reflect the latest case counts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a monkeypox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain and other European countries. The outbreak is small — so far about 80 suspected cases in England, Spain and Canada as well as Portugal, Sweden, Italy and France. Two suspected cases have also been reported in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health officials have little clue where people caught the monkeypox virus. And there’s concern the virus may be spreading through the community — undetected — and possibly through a new route of transmission.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside label=\"Suspected Monkeypox in California\" link1=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2022/05/24/suspected-monkeypox-case-reported-in-sacramento-county/,CapRadio: Suspected monkeypox case reported in Sacramento County\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [outbreak] is rare and unusual,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/monkeypox-cases-confirmed-in-england-latest-updates\">epidemiologist Susan Hopkins, who’s the chief medical adviser of the U.K. Health Security Agency (UKHSA), said in a statement on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly where and how they [the people] acquired their infections remains under urgent investigation,” the agency said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox can be a nasty illness; it causes fever, body aches, enlarged lymph nodes and eventually “pox,” or painful, fluid-filled blisters on the face, hands and feet. One version of monkeypox is quite deadly and kills up to 10% of people infected. The version currently in England is milder. Its fatality rate is less than 1%. A case generally resolves in two to four weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, people catch monkeypox from animals in West Africa or central Africa and import the virus to other countries. Person-to-person transmission isn’t common, as it requires close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva from coughing or pus from the lesions. So the risk to the general population is low, the U.K. health agency notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in England, the vast majority of the 50-plus cases don’t involve recent travel to Africa, suggesting the patients involved in those cases caught the virus in England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Presumably this is cryptic spread from an imported case(s),” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/1526279350793936896\">virologist Angie Rasmussen of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization tweeted on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., one patient, in Massachusetts, had not recently traveled to countries where the disease occurs but had visited Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, there’s evidence the virus could be spreading through a new route: sexual contact. “What is even more bizarre is finding cases that appear to have acquired the infection via sexual contact,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/teozka/status/1526505308700434433\">epidemiologist Mateo Prochazka at the UKHSA tweeted.\u003c/a> “This is a novel route of transmission that will have implications for outbreak response and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are particularly urging men who are gay and bisexual to be aware of any unusual rashes or lesions and to contact a sexual health service without delay,” epidemiologist Hopkins said in the UKHSA’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are watching the outbreak in Europe closely. “We do have a level of concern that this is very different than what we typically think of from monkeypox,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2022/05/18/spain-portugal-report-monkeypox-cases-raising-specter-of-wider-outbreak/\">Jennifer McQuiston, a senior CDC official, told health news site STAT\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox\">the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first vaccine for monkeypox\u003c/a>, which also protects against smallpox. “This vaccine is also part of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), the nation’s largest supply of potentially life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a public health emergency that is severe enough to cause local supplies to be depleted,” the agency said in a news release.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A primer on monkeypox\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So just what is known about monkeypox? And how threatening is it compared with other emerging viruses?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, \u003cem>Goats and Soda\u003c/em> interviewed two monkeypox experts — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/faculty/rimoin/rimoin.html\">Anne Rimoin of the University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>, and Jay Hooper of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases — to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the questions we asked and some of their surprising answers, updated in light of the current cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does it come from? Monkeys?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The name is actually a little bit of a misnomer,” Rimoin says. Perhaps it should be called “rodentpox” instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name “monkeypox” comes from the first documented cases of the illness, in 1958, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html\">when two outbreaks occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But monkeys aren’t major carriers. Instead, the virus likely persists in squirrels, pouched rats, dormice or another rodent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you catch it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primarily, from an animal bite, scratch or contact with the animal’s bodily fluid. Then the virus can spread to other people through coughing and sneezing or contact with pus from the lesions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lesions from monkeypox are similar to those from a smallpox infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it doesn’t spread very well between people,” Hooper says. “Its infection rate is much lower than that of smallpox.” In many cases, people don’t spread the virus to anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until this current outbreak, a person sick with monkeypox spread the virus to between zero and one person, on average. So all previous outbreaks (up until now) burned themselves out quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have primary cases, in which people get monkeypox from an animal, and they may transmit the disease a few generations — but then that’s it,” she says. “The outbreaks tend to be self-limiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.afro.who.int/countries/health-topics?country=874\">“There is no evidence, to date, that person-to-person transmission alone can sustain monkeypox infections in the human population,” the World Health Organization’s website says.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know yet if the rate of transmission has increased in this current outbreak. If there is enhanced transmission, that could be one reason the current outbreak appears to have spread through the community in three cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has there ever been an outbreak in the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There already was!” Hooper says. “But it was quickly contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, monkeypox hitched a ride with a shipment of animals from Ghana to Illinois. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html\">Several giant pouched rats and squirrels tested positive for the virus and eventually spread it to prairie dogs being sold as pets in multiple Midwestern states, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-seven people caught the disease from the prairie dogs. Everyone recovered. And no one spread the disease to another person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is monkeypox a “new” virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The virus has likely been infecting people for centuries, even millennia, Rimoin says. But for a long time, doctors missed the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox is closely related to smallpox. “They are clinically indistinguishable,” Rimoin says. “So for centuries, doctors have likely mistaken monkeypox for smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in the 1970s, the world was close to eradicating smallpox. Cases plummeted. And doctors in central Africa started noticing another disease that looked like smallpox but didn’t spread as well between people. It was monkeypox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several other viruses related to smallpox, including cowpox and camelpox. “I would be more worried about camelpox than monkeypox,” Rimoin says, “because that’s closer on the genetic tree to smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the disease actually a rising threat? Or are we just better at detecting it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little bit of both, Rimoin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2010, Rimoin and her colleagues reported that monkeypox had increased 14-fold in the Democratic Republic of Congo since the 1980s. Incidence rose from less than 1 case per 10,000 people to about 14 cases per 10,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the reason for this bump is ironic: the eradication of smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallpox vaccine actually works quite well to protect people against monkeypox. It’s about 85% effective (although the smallpox vaccine does have some safety concerns, Hooper points out: “It’s a live virus and can cause a deadly infection in people with severely compromised immune systems”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the world eradicated smallpox, countries stopped vaccinating kids. And for those who were vaccinated years earlier, their protection has likely waned over time, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now there’s this growing population of people who don’t have immunity to monkeypox,” he says. “And when you do have a outbreak, it’s likely to be bigger because less people in the community are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means small monkeypox outbreaks in West Africa and central Africa now involve dozens of cases instead of just one or two, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the Democratic Republic of Congo, annual cases have shot up into the thousands. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141\">In 2020, there were nearly 4,600 suspected cases, according to a study published in February.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could the virus become more transmissible and thus more of a global threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, yes,” Hooper says. “Every time there’s an outbreak — and the more people get infected — the more chances monkeypox has to adapt to people,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the more time the virus spends inside people, the more time it has to evolve. It could possibly figure out how to spread more quickly among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So scientists are keeping a close eye on the virus and outbreaks that occur — especially if the virus appears to change its route of transmission, as may be happening in the current outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t think Ebola spread very easily between people,” Hooper adds. “And we were all surprised that health care workers could catch it even though they were wearing protective gear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, many scientists didn’t think SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, would mutate to become more contagious, but that’s exactly what has happened in the past two years. SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a virus just about as contagious as the flu virus into one that’s almost as contagious as the far more transmissible chickenpox virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With viruses that spill over from animals, you just never know what’s going to happen,” Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And indeed, this new outbreak in Europe may be a sign that the virus has changed — even if just a bit — and may be increasing its ability to spread among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rare+monkeypox+outbreak+in+U.K.%2C+Europe+and+U.S.%3A+What+is+it+and+should+we+worry%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated May 20, 2022 at 9:29 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated on May 23 to reflect the latest case counts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a monkeypox outbreak in the United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain and other European countries. The outbreak is small — so far about 80 suspected cases in England, Spain and Canada as well as Portugal, Sweden, Italy and France. Two suspected cases have also been reported in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health officials have little clue where people caught the monkeypox virus. And there’s concern the virus may be spreading through the community — undetected — and possibly through a new route of transmission.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [outbreak] is rare and unusual,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/monkeypox-cases-confirmed-in-england-latest-updates\">epidemiologist Susan Hopkins, who’s the chief medical adviser of the U.K. Health Security Agency (UKHSA), said in a statement on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly where and how they [the people] acquired their infections remains under urgent investigation,” the agency said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox can be a nasty illness; it causes fever, body aches, enlarged lymph nodes and eventually “pox,” or painful, fluid-filled blisters on the face, hands and feet. One version of monkeypox is quite deadly and kills up to 10% of people infected. The version currently in England is milder. Its fatality rate is less than 1%. A case generally resolves in two to four weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, people catch monkeypox from animals in West Africa or central Africa and import the virus to other countries. Person-to-person transmission isn’t common, as it requires close contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva from coughing or pus from the lesions. So the risk to the general population is low, the U.K. health agency notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in England, the vast majority of the 50-plus cases don’t involve recent travel to Africa, suggesting the patients involved in those cases caught the virus in England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Presumably this is cryptic spread from an imported case(s),” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/angie_rasmussen/status/1526279350793936896\">virologist Angie Rasmussen of the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization tweeted on Monday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., one patient, in Massachusetts, had not recently traveled to countries where the disease occurs but had visited Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, there’s evidence the virus could be spreading through a new route: sexual contact. “What is even more bizarre is finding cases that appear to have acquired the infection via sexual contact,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/teozka/status/1526505308700434433\">epidemiologist Mateo Prochazka at the UKHSA tweeted.\u003c/a> “This is a novel route of transmission that will have implications for outbreak response and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are particularly urging men who are gay and bisexual to be aware of any unusual rashes or lesions and to contact a sexual health service without delay,” epidemiologist Hopkins said in the UKHSA’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are watching the outbreak in Europe closely. “We do have a level of concern that this is very different than what we typically think of from monkeypox,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2022/05/18/spain-portugal-report-monkeypox-cases-raising-specter-of-wider-outbreak/\">Jennifer McQuiston, a senior CDC official, told health news site STAT\u003c/a> on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-live-non-replicating-vaccine-prevent-smallpox-and-monkeypox\">the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first vaccine for monkeypox\u003c/a>, which also protects against smallpox. “This vaccine is also part of the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), the nation’s largest supply of potentially life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a public health emergency that is severe enough to cause local supplies to be depleted,” the agency said in a news release.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A primer on monkeypox\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>So just what is known about monkeypox? And how threatening is it compared with other emerging viruses?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, \u003cem>Goats and Soda\u003c/em> interviewed two monkeypox experts — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/faculty/rimoin/rimoin.html\">Anne Rimoin of the University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>, and Jay Hooper of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases — to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the questions we asked and some of their surprising answers, updated in light of the current cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where does it come from? Monkeys?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The name is actually a little bit of a misnomer,” Rimoin says. Perhaps it should be called “rodentpox” instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name “monkeypox” comes from the first documented cases of the illness, in 1958, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/about.html\">when two outbreaks occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But monkeys aren’t major carriers. Instead, the virus likely persists in squirrels, pouched rats, dormice or another rodent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you catch it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primarily, from an animal bite, scratch or contact with the animal’s bodily fluid. Then the virus can spread to other people through coughing and sneezing or contact with pus from the lesions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lesions from monkeypox are similar to those from a smallpox infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it doesn’t spread very well between people,” Hooper says. “Its infection rate is much lower than that of smallpox.” In many cases, people don’t spread the virus to anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until this current outbreak, a person sick with monkeypox spread the virus to between zero and one person, on average. So all previous outbreaks (up until now) burned themselves out quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have primary cases, in which people get monkeypox from an animal, and they may transmit the disease a few generations — but then that’s it,” she says. “The outbreaks tend to be self-limiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.afro.who.int/countries/health-topics?country=874\">“There is no evidence, to date, that person-to-person transmission alone can sustain monkeypox infections in the human population,” the World Health Organization’s website says.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know yet if the rate of transmission has increased in this current outbreak. If there is enhanced transmission, that could be one reason the current outbreak appears to have spread through the community in three cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has there ever been an outbreak in the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There already was!” Hooper says. “But it was quickly contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, monkeypox hitched a ride with a shipment of animals from Ghana to Illinois. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/outbreak.html\">Several giant pouched rats and squirrels tested positive for the virus and eventually spread it to prairie dogs being sold as pets in multiple Midwestern states, the CDC says on its website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-seven people caught the disease from the prairie dogs. Everyone recovered. And no one spread the disease to another person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is monkeypox a “new” virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The virus has likely been infecting people for centuries, even millennia, Rimoin says. But for a long time, doctors missed the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monkeypox is closely related to smallpox. “They are clinically indistinguishable,” Rimoin says. “So for centuries, doctors have likely mistaken monkeypox for smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in the 1970s, the world was close to eradicating smallpox. Cases plummeted. And doctors in central Africa started noticing another disease that looked like smallpox but didn’t spread as well between people. It was monkeypox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several other viruses related to smallpox, including cowpox and camelpox. “I would be more worried about camelpox than monkeypox,” Rimoin says, “because that’s closer on the genetic tree to smallpox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the disease actually a rising threat? Or are we just better at detecting it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little bit of both, Rimoin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2010, Rimoin and her colleagues reported that monkeypox had increased 14-fold in the Democratic Republic of Congo since the 1980s. Incidence rose from less than 1 case per 10,000 people to about 14 cases per 10,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the reason for this bump is ironic: the eradication of smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallpox vaccine actually works quite well to protect people against monkeypox. It’s about 85% effective (although the smallpox vaccine does have some safety concerns, Hooper points out: “It’s a live virus and can cause a deadly infection in people with severely compromised immune systems”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after the world eradicated smallpox, countries stopped vaccinating kids. And for those who were vaccinated years earlier, their protection has likely waned over time, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So now there’s this growing population of people who don’t have immunity to monkeypox,” he says. “And when you do have a outbreak, it’s likely to be bigger because less people in the community are protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means small monkeypox outbreaks in West Africa and central Africa now involve dozens of cases instead of just one or two, Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the Democratic Republic of Congo, annual cases have shot up into the thousands. \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010141\">In 2020, there were nearly 4,600 suspected cases, according to a study published in February.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could the virus become more transmissible and thus more of a global threat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, yes,” Hooper says. “Every time there’s an outbreak — and the more people get infected — the more chances monkeypox has to adapt to people,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the more time the virus spends inside people, the more time it has to evolve. It could possibly figure out how to spread more quickly among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So scientists are keeping a close eye on the virus and outbreaks that occur — especially if the virus appears to change its route of transmission, as may be happening in the current outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t think Ebola spread very easily between people,” Hooper adds. “And we were all surprised that health care workers could catch it even though they were wearing protective gear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course, many scientists didn’t think SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes the disease COVID-19, would mutate to become more contagious, but that’s exactly what has happened in the past two years. SARS-CoV-2 evolved from a virus just about as contagious as the flu virus into one that’s almost as contagious as the far more transmissible chickenpox virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With viruses that spill over from animals, you just never know what’s going to happen,” Hooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And indeed, this new outbreak in Europe may be a sign that the virus has changed — even if just a bit — and may be increasing its ability to spread among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Twitter Reaches Deal to Sell to Elon Musk for About $44 Billion",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated April 25, 2022 at 12:48 PM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has struck a deal with Elon Musk, handing the world’s richest man control of a social network that has far-reaching influence on politics and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">Musk will pay about $44 billion, or $54.20 a share, to take the social media company private\u003c/a>, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">an announcement from Twitter.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092792108/twitter-elon-musk-buy-company\">The agreement comes less than two weeks after Musk offered to buy Twitter\u003c/a>, sending the company’s board and management into crisis mode as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/19/1093408513/twitter-elon-musk-explainer-investors-shareholders\">they scrambled to figure out whether Musk was serious and whether his offer fairly valued the company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has vowed to “unlock” Twitter’s potential by loosening what he sees as unfair restrictions on free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Free speech is the bedrock of a functioning democracy, and Twitter is the digital town square where matters vital to the future of humanity are debated,” he said in the announcement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maverick entrepreneur is a prolific user and outspoken critic of Twitter, where he has more than 83 million followers and regularly posts memes, boosts his companies Tesla and SpaceX, and squabbles with critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk began accumulating Twitter shares in January. On April 4, he revealed that he’d become the company’s biggest individual shareholder. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/16/1093189684/elon-musk-wants-to-change-twitter\">He began calling for changes to the platform\u003c/a>, including loosening its rules over what users are allowed to post, banning bots that post spam, and making its algorithm public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">Musk tweeted\u003c/a> on Monday, before the deal was announced, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">“I hope that even my worst critics remain on Twitter, because that is what free speech means.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some observers say if Musk relaxes content rules, Twitter could be overrun by misinformation and toxic posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A platform that moderated only illegal speech would quickly be overcome by spam and garbage,” said Jameel Jaffer with the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. “That kind of platform wouldn’t work for anyone, whatever their political views.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, including Paul Barrett with NYU’s Stern School for Business and Human Rights, have similar concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without vigorous content moderation, the platform Musk seeks to own would be swamped by spam, porn, anti-vaccination misinformation, QAnon conspiracies, and fraudulent campaigns to undermine the midterms and 2024 presidential election,” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Poison pill’ afforded Twitter more time to consider offer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/11/1091969075/elon-musk-will-not-join-twitter-board\">accepting and then rejecting an invitation to join Twitter’s board\u003c/a>, Musk dropped a new bombshell with his unsolicited $54.20-a-share offer to buy the whole company and take it private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But lack of details about how Musk would finance the deal left many doubting he was serious. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093077611/twitter-board-poison-pill-elon-musk\">Twitter’s board quickly adopted a so-called “poison pill,”\u003c/a> which served essentially as a speed bump, a way to slow down Musk from acquiring more shares in the public market, as company leadership weighed the offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Board got some extra time with the poison pill but ultimately had to get to the negotiation table with Musk to get this deal done as the clock struck midnight on Twitter’s history as a public company,” said Dan Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/21/1094020022/elon-musk-twitter-money\">Musk announced he had lined up the money\u003c/a> to take Twitter private. In a regulatory filing, he said Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, and several other banks promised to lend $25.5 billion, backed in part by some of Musk’s Tesla shares, and that he would provide up to $21 billion in cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those details may have shifted the board’s view. While Twitter’s stock hit highs above $70 a share last year, the company’s shares had fallen below $40 in recent months, amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/23/1094324614/twitter-elon-musk-old-problems\">lingering questions over its ability to grow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Twitter Board conducted a thoughtful and comprehensive process to assess Elon’s proposal with a deliberate focus on value, certainty, and financing. The proposed transaction will deliver a substantial cash premium, and we believe it is the best path forward for Twitter’s stockholders,” said Bret Taylor, Twitter’s Independent Board Chair, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+reaches+deal+to+sell+to+Elon+Musk+for+about+%2444+billion&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated April 25, 2022 at 12:48 PM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has struck a deal with Elon Musk, handing the world’s richest man control of a social network that has far-reaching influence on politics and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">Musk will pay about $44 billion, or $54.20 a share, to take the social media company private\u003c/a>, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/elon-musk-to-acquire-twitter-301532245.html\">an announcement from Twitter.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092792108/twitter-elon-musk-buy-company\">The agreement comes less than two weeks after Musk offered to buy Twitter\u003c/a>, sending the company’s board and management into crisis mode as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/19/1093408513/twitter-elon-musk-explainer-investors-shareholders\">they scrambled to figure out whether Musk was serious and whether his offer fairly valued the company\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has vowed to “unlock” Twitter’s potential by loosening what he sees as unfair restrictions on free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Free speech is the bedrock of a functioning democracy, and Twitter is the digital town square where matters vital to the future of humanity are debated,” he said in the announcement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maverick entrepreneur is a prolific user and outspoken critic of Twitter, where he has more than 83 million followers and regularly posts memes, boosts his companies Tesla and SpaceX, and squabbles with critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk began accumulating Twitter shares in January. On April 4, he revealed that he’d become the company’s biggest individual shareholder. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/16/1093189684/elon-musk-wants-to-change-twitter\">He began calling for changes to the platform\u003c/a>, including loosening its rules over what users are allowed to post, banning bots that post spam, and making its algorithm public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">Musk tweeted\u003c/a> on Monday, before the deal was announced, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1518623997054918657\">“I hope that even my worst critics remain on Twitter, because that is what free speech means.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some observers say if Musk relaxes content rules, Twitter could be overrun by misinformation and toxic posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A platform that moderated only illegal speech would quickly be overcome by spam and garbage,” said Jameel Jaffer with the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University. “That kind of platform wouldn’t work for anyone, whatever their political views.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, including Paul Barrett with NYU’s Stern School for Business and Human Rights, have similar concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without vigorous content moderation, the platform Musk seeks to own would be swamped by spam, porn, anti-vaccination misinformation, QAnon conspiracies, and fraudulent campaigns to undermine the midterms and 2024 presidential election,” Barrett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Poison pill’ afforded Twitter more time to consider offer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/11/1091969075/elon-musk-will-not-join-twitter-board\">accepting and then rejecting an invitation to join Twitter’s board\u003c/a>, Musk dropped a new bombshell with his unsolicited $54.20-a-share offer to buy the whole company and take it private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But lack of details about how Musk would finance the deal left many doubting he was serious. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093077611/twitter-board-poison-pill-elon-musk\">Twitter’s board quickly adopted a so-called “poison pill,”\u003c/a> which served essentially as a speed bump, a way to slow down Musk from acquiring more shares in the public market, as company leadership weighed the offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Board got some extra time with the poison pill but ultimately had to get to the negotiation table with Musk to get this deal done as the clock struck midnight on Twitter’s history as a public company,” said Dan Ives, an analyst at Wedbush Securities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/21/1094020022/elon-musk-twitter-money\">Musk announced he had lined up the money\u003c/a> to take Twitter private. In a regulatory filing, he said Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, and several other banks promised to lend $25.5 billion, backed in part by some of Musk’s Tesla shares, and that he would provide up to $21 billion in cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those details may have shifted the board’s view. While Twitter’s stock hit highs above $70 a share last year, the company’s shares had fallen below $40 in recent months, amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/23/1094324614/twitter-elon-musk-old-problems\">lingering questions over its ability to grow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Twitter Board conducted a thoughtful and comprehensive process to assess Elon’s proposal with a deliberate focus on value, certainty, and financing. The proposed transaction will deliver a substantial cash premium, and we believe it is the best path forward for Twitter’s stockholders,” said Bret Taylor, Twitter’s Independent Board Chair, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+reaches+deal+to+sell+to+Elon+Musk+for+about+%2444+billion&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education says it will retroactively help millions of federal student loan borrowers who have been hurt and held back by its troubled income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, calling the plans’ longstanding flaws and mismanagement “inexcusable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s announcement comes after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">years of complaints\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-sues-nations-largest-student-loan-company-navient-failing-borrowers-every-stage-repayment/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> and, most recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">an NPR investigation\u003c/a> that revealed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">these IDR plans, which promise affordable monthly payments as low as $0 and loan forgiveness after 20-25 years, have been badly mismanaged\u003c/a> by the department and the loan servicing companies it employs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, the Department of Education will begin to remedy years of administrative failures that effectively denied the promise of loan forgiveness to certain borrowers enrolled in IDR plans,” U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said in a statement.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=\"news_11910436,news_11910169\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that the changes will result in immediate debt cancellation for at least 40,000 borrowers who will now qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. In addition, several thousand borrowers will now qualify for debt cancellation under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">This follows a 2021 revelation\u003c/a> that, at the time, 4.4 million borrowers had been repaying their loans for at least 20 years but only 32 had had debts canceled under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of Tuesday’s news, millions more borrowers will also receive months and, in some cases, years of new credit toward eventual cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what the department is committing to do:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Borrowers with long-term forbearances will get credit toward debt cancellation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department and its office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) pledge to conduct a “one-time account adjustment” to give borrowers credit for time spent in what it considers unjustifiably long forbearances: more than 12 consecutive months or more than 36 cumulative months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forbearance allows borrowers in financial trouble to pause their payments, but interest continues to accrue and capitalize, meaning the interest itself ends up accruing interest. Income-driven repayment plans can offer the same, or nearly the same, reprieve from high monthly payments, and, unlike forbearance, they give borrowers a path toward loan cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After July 2009 when IDR plans became widely available, forbearance should have been loan servicers’ tool of last resort for distressed borrowers. Instead, the department says, a new review found that servicers’ use of long-term forbearance was “remarkably widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the department, between July 2009 and March 2020, more than 13% of all Direct Loan borrowers were in forbearance for at least 36 months, suggesting “loan servicers placed borrowers into forbearance in violation of Department rules, even when their monthly payment under an IDR plan could have been as low as zero dollars.” \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/lower-payments/get-temporary-relief/forbearance\">The department generally limits forbearance to 12 consecutive months or three years total\u003c/a>, after which payments should resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s remedy means that borrowers will be given credit toward loan cancellation for some of these long-term forbearances. For example, a borrower who spent 16 consecutive months in forbearance would be given credit for 16 qualifying payments toward cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that 3.6 million borrowers will receive at least three years of new credit toward cancellation. Many more borrowers will benefit but receive less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan excludes one prominent group of borrowers: those who spent less than 12 consecutive months and less than 36 cumulative months in forbearance, though it does promise an “account review” for those who choose to file a complaint with FSA’s ombudsman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Inaccuracies in how qualifying payments were counted will be corrected\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">NPR reporting earlier this month revealed pervasive inaccuracies\u003c/a> in loan servicers’ counts of borrowers’ qualifying IDR payments, which the department now acknowledges and pledges to address with a one-time revision of past payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any months in which borrowers made payments will count toward IDR, regardless of repayment plan,” the department’s release says. “Payments made prior to consolidation on consolidated loans will also count. This fix is necessary to correct for data problems and past implementation inaccuracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After acquiring internal department documents, NPR found a litany of irregularities in how loan servicers were counting — or failing to count — qualifying IDR payments, thereby delaying borrowers’ progress toward forgiveness. For example, $0 monthly payments were not being adequately tracked, potentially hurting the lowest-income borrowers. Also, borrowers appeared to erroneously lose credit for previous progress made toward IDR after emerging from default.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the way borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation gets tracked\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department is offering two remedies for another serious problem highlighted in NPR’s recent investigation — that loan servicers weren’t uniformly tracking borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation, and some weren’t tracking their progress \u003cem>at all\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FSA now says it will issue new guidance to servicers to make sure the companies’ records are accurate and uniform. Perhaps more importantly, the department says in 2023 it will begin tracking IDR payments on its own system and displaying borrowers’ progress at StudentAid.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>These changes will happen automatically — but it may take awhile\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department says it will make these adjustments to borrower records automatically, but first it will need to upgrade its antiquated National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS). As such, loan cancellations won’t officially begin until fall of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The overhaul comes amid mounting political pressure\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department unveiled its overhaul plans amid mounting pressure from lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, citing NPR’s reporting, the chairs of both House and Senate education committees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.senate.gov/chair/newsroom/press/murray-scott-push-biden-administration-to-fix-longstanding-failures-with-income-driven-student-loan-repayment-system\">Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., and Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., urged Education Secretary Miguel Cardona in a letter to “provide immediate relief and undo past harms.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Borrowers have for too long, lived with ballooning debts and the false promise of loan forgiveness after 20 or 25 years in income-driven repayment,” the letter said. “Payments must be corrected retroactively in order to provide relief to borrowers who have already been harmed by this broken safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the department’s proposal addresses some of Scott’s and Murray’s demands, it falls short in at least one area. The top Democrats implored the department to retroactively give borrowers credit toward loan cancellation for \u003cem>all\u003c/em> past periods of forbearance, not just long-term pauses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Scott said “today’s announcement means that borrowers in Income-Driven Repayment will finally have reliable access to the loan forgiveness that they were promised and have been working toward… However, while the Department has taken a significant step to support borrowers, we know we must do more to fix our broken student loan system, including the Income-Driven Repayment program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, leading Senate Democrats, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092804056/student-loan-debt-investigation-response\">Sen. Sherrod Brown of Ohio, Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois, also sent a letter to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Director Rohit Chopra\u003c/a>, calling for his agency to investigate and “use all of its authorities to ensure borrowers are accessing IDR program benefits and receive the student loan forgiveness they have earned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s announcement also comes not long before the U.S. Government Accountability Office is expected to release the results of its own investigation into IDR’s failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR is committed to reporting on pressing issues that matter to you, like student loans. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up for our Education newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to stay up to date. You can support NPR’s trusted, vital coverage by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/donations/support\">\u003cem>donating to your local NPR station today\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Student+loan+borrowers+will+get+help+after+an+NPR+report+and+years+of+complaints&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education says it will retroactively help millions of federal student loan borrowers who have been hurt and held back by its troubled income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, calling the plans’ longstanding flaws and mismanagement “inexcusable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s announcement comes after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">years of complaints\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-sues-nations-largest-student-loan-company-navient-failing-borrowers-every-stage-repayment/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> and, most recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">an NPR investigation\u003c/a> that revealed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">these IDR plans, which promise affordable monthly payments as low as $0 and loan forgiveness after 20-25 years, have been badly mismanaged\u003c/a> by the department and the loan servicing companies it employs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, the Department of Education will begin to remedy years of administrative failures that effectively denied the promise of loan forgiveness to certain borrowers enrolled in IDR plans,” U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said in a statement.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that the changes will result in immediate debt cancellation for at least 40,000 borrowers who will now qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. In addition, several thousand borrowers will now qualify for debt cancellation under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">This follows a 2021 revelation\u003c/a> that, at the time, 4.4 million borrowers had been repaying their loans for at least 20 years but only 32 had had debts canceled under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of Tuesday’s news, millions more borrowers will also receive months and, in some cases, years of new credit toward eventual cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what the department is committing to do:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Borrowers with long-term forbearances will get credit toward debt cancellation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department and its office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) pledge to conduct a “one-time account adjustment” to give borrowers credit for time spent in what it considers unjustifiably long forbearances: more than 12 consecutive months or more than 36 cumulative months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forbearance allows borrowers in financial trouble to pause their payments, but interest continues to accrue and capitalize, meaning the interest itself ends up accruing interest. Income-driven repayment plans can offer the same, or nearly the same, reprieve from high monthly payments, and, unlike forbearance, they give borrowers a path toward loan cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After July 2009 when IDR plans became widely available, forbearance should have been loan servicers’ tool of last resort for distressed borrowers. Instead, the department says, a new review found that servicers’ use of long-term forbearance was “remarkably widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the department, between July 2009 and March 2020, more than 13% of all Direct Loan borrowers were in forbearance for at least 36 months, suggesting “loan servicers placed borrowers into forbearance in violation of Department rules, even when their monthly payment under an IDR plan could have been as low as zero dollars.” \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/lower-payments/get-temporary-relief/forbearance\">The department generally limits forbearance to 12 consecutive months or three years total\u003c/a>, after which payments should resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s remedy means that borrowers will be given credit toward loan cancellation for some of these long-term forbearances. For example, a borrower who spent 16 consecutive months in forbearance would be given credit for 16 qualifying payments toward cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that 3.6 million borrowers will receive at least three years of new credit toward cancellation. Many more borrowers will benefit but receive less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan excludes one prominent group of borrowers: those who spent less than 12 consecutive months and less than 36 cumulative months in forbearance, though it does promise an “account review” for those who choose to file a complaint with FSA’s ombudsman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Inaccuracies in how qualifying payments were counted will be corrected\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">NPR reporting earlier this month revealed pervasive inaccuracies\u003c/a> in loan servicers’ counts of borrowers’ qualifying IDR payments, which the department now acknowledges and pledges to address with a one-time revision of past payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any months in which borrowers made payments will count toward IDR, regardless of repayment plan,” the department’s release says. “Payments made prior to consolidation on consolidated loans will also count. This fix is necessary to correct for data problems and past implementation inaccuracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After acquiring internal department documents, NPR found a litany of irregularities in how loan servicers were counting — or failing to count — qualifying IDR payments, thereby delaying borrowers’ progress toward forgiveness. For example, $0 monthly payments were not being adequately tracked, potentially hurting the lowest-income borrowers. Also, borrowers appeared to erroneously lose credit for previous progress made toward IDR after emerging from default.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the way borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation gets tracked\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department is offering two remedies for another serious problem highlighted in NPR’s recent investigation — that loan servicers weren’t uniformly tracking borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation, and some weren’t tracking their progress \u003cem>at all\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FSA now says it will issue new guidance to servicers to make sure the companies’ records are accurate and uniform. Perhaps more importantly, the department says in 2023 it will begin tracking IDR payments on its own system and displaying borrowers’ progress at StudentAid.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>These changes will happen automatically — but it may take awhile\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department says it will make these adjustments to borrower records automatically, but first it will need to upgrade its antiquated National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS). As such, loan cancellations won’t officially begin until fall of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The overhaul comes amid mounting political pressure\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department unveiled its overhaul plans amid mounting pressure from lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, citing NPR’s reporting, the chairs of both House and Senate education committees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.senate.gov/chair/newsroom/press/murray-scott-push-biden-administration-to-fix-longstanding-failures-with-income-driven-student-loan-repayment-system\">Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., and Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., urged Education Secretary Miguel Cardona in a letter to “provide immediate relief and undo past harms.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Borrowers have for too long, lived with ballooning debts and the false promise of loan forgiveness after 20 or 25 years in income-driven repayment,” the letter said. “Payments must be corrected retroactively in order to provide relief to borrowers who have already been harmed by this broken safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the department’s proposal addresses some of Scott’s and Murray’s demands, it falls short in at least one area. The top Democrats implored the department to retroactively give borrowers credit toward loan cancellation for \u003cem>all\u003c/em> past periods of forbearance, not just long-term pauses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Scott said “today’s announcement means that borrowers in Income-Driven Repayment will finally have reliable access to the loan forgiveness that they were promised and have been working toward… However, while the Department has taken a significant step to support borrowers, we know we must do more to fix our broken student loan system, including the Income-Driven Repayment program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, leading Senate Democrats, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092804056/student-loan-debt-investigation-response\">Sen. Sherrod Brown of Ohio, Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois, also sent a letter to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Director Rohit Chopra\u003c/a>, calling for his agency to investigate and “use all of its authorities to ensure borrowers are accessing IDR program benefits and receive the student loan forgiveness they have earned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s announcement also comes not long before the U.S. Government Accountability Office is expected to release the results of its own investigation into IDR’s failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR is committed to reporting on pressing issues that matter to you, like student loans. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up for our Education newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to stay up to date. You can support NPR’s trusted, vital coverage by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/donations/support\">\u003cem>donating to your local NPR station today\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Student+loan+borrowers+will+get+help+after+an+NPR+report+and+years+of+complaints&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "TSA Will No Longer Enforce Travel Mask Mandate After Federal Judge Strikes it Down",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated April 18, 2022 at 6:58 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The federal travel mask mandate will not be implemented as the Biden administration reviews a Florida federal judge's ruling against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agencies are reviewing the decision and assessing potential next steps. In the meantime, today's court decision means CDC's public transportation masking order is not in effect at this time,\" according to a Biden administration official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Therefore, TSA will not enforce its Security Directives and Emergency Amendment requiring mask use on public transportation and transportation hubs at this time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Kathryn Kimball Mizelle ruled that the federal mask mandate on planes, trains, buses and other modes of public transportation is \"unlawful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mizelle wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/21636220/047124235804.pdf\">summary filed Monday \u003c/a>that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had exceeded its authority and failed to follow proper rulemaking procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 59-page ruling, Mizelle argues that the mandate violates the Administrative Procedure Act, as the agency failed to prove its decision regarding implementing the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed in July 2021 by two plaintiffs and the \u003ca href=\"https://healthfreedomdefense.org/health-freedom-defense-fund-sues-biden-administration-over-mask-mandate/\">Health Freedom Defense Fund\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related coverage\" tag=\"mask-mandate\"]\"The court concludes that the mask mandate exceeds the CDC's statutory authority and violates the procedures required for agency rulemaking under the APA,\" the judge wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House called a federal judge's decision against the CDC mandate for public transportation \"disappointing,\" but said the administration's response was still under review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is obviously a disappointing decision,\" White House press secretary Jen Psaki told reporters Monday. \"The CDC continues recommending wearing a mask in public transit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As you know, this just came out this afternoon so right now the Department of Homeland Security, who would be implementing, and the CDC are reviewing the decision,\" Psaki said. \"And of course, the Department of Justice would make any determination about litigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092785365/the-federal-transportation-mask-mandate-has-been-extended\">extended \u003c/a>the transportation mask mandate (which had been set to expire originally on April 18) through May 3 — allowing officials to take more time to study the BA.2 subvariant of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have upward trends of infections. CDC is responding to the data, and it's implementing the measure it has the authority to do,\" said James Hodge, a public health law professor at Arizona State University in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092785365/the-federal-transportation-mask-mandate-has-been-extended\">interview \u003c/a>with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, governors from 21 states \u003ca href=\"http://myfloridalegal.com/webfiles.nsf/WF/GPEY-CCYHZH/%24file/Mask+Complaint+as+Filed.pdf\">sued the Biden administration \u003c/a>to end the federal public transportation mask mandate, arguing that the continued enforcement \"harms the states\" and interferes with some local laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing came days after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/24/1088669929/airlines-federal-travel-mask-mandate\">airline CEOs\u003c/a> called on President Biden to drop the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Biden's shortsighted, heavy-handed and unlawful travel policies are frustrating travelers and causing chaos on public transportation,\" Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, who is leading the states' effort, \u003ca href=\"http://www.myfloridalegal.com/newsrel.nsf/newsreleases/AA77384F1742127E852588140055CA74\">said in a statement.\u003c/a> \"It's long past time to alleviate some of the pressure on travelers and those working in the travel industry by immediately ending Biden's unlawful public transportation mandates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mask-wearing requirement had been initially imposed in early 2021, shortly after Biden took office, in an effort to slow the spread of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=TSA+will+no+longer+enforce+travel+mask+mandate+after+a+federal+judge+strikes+it+down+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 59-page ruling, Mizelle argues that the mandate violates the Administrative Procedure Act, as the agency failed to prove its decision regarding implementing the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed in July 2021 by two plaintiffs and the \u003ca href=\"https://healthfreedomdefense.org/health-freedom-defense-fund-sues-biden-administration-over-mask-mandate/\">Health Freedom Defense Fund\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"The court concludes that the mask mandate exceeds the CDC's statutory authority and violates the procedures required for agency rulemaking under the APA,\" the judge wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House called a federal judge's decision against the CDC mandate for public transportation \"disappointing,\" but said the administration's response was still under review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is obviously a disappointing decision,\" White House press secretary Jen Psaki told reporters Monday. \"The CDC continues recommending wearing a mask in public transit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As you know, this just came out this afternoon so right now the Department of Homeland Security, who would be implementing, and the CDC are reviewing the decision,\" Psaki said. \"And of course, the Department of Justice would make any determination about litigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092785365/the-federal-transportation-mask-mandate-has-been-extended\">extended \u003c/a>the transportation mask mandate (which had been set to expire originally on April 18) through May 3 — allowing officials to take more time to study the BA.2 subvariant of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do have upward trends of infections. CDC is responding to the data, and it's implementing the measure it has the authority to do,\" said James Hodge, a public health law professor at Arizona State University in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092785365/the-federal-transportation-mask-mandate-has-been-extended\">interview \u003c/a>with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, governors from 21 states \u003ca href=\"http://myfloridalegal.com/webfiles.nsf/WF/GPEY-CCYHZH/%24file/Mask+Complaint+as+Filed.pdf\">sued the Biden administration \u003c/a>to end the federal public transportation mask mandate, arguing that the continued enforcement \"harms the states\" and interferes with some local laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing came days after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/24/1088669929/airlines-federal-travel-mask-mandate\">airline CEOs\u003c/a> called on President Biden to drop the mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Biden's shortsighted, heavy-handed and unlawful travel policies are frustrating travelers and causing chaos on public transportation,\" Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody, who is leading the states' effort, \u003ca href=\"http://www.myfloridalegal.com/newsrel.nsf/newsreleases/AA77384F1742127E852588140055CA74\">said in a statement.\u003c/a> \"It's long past time to alleviate some of the pressure on travelers and those working in the travel industry by immediately ending Biden's unlawful public transportation mandates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mask-wearing requirement had been initially imposed in early 2021, shortly after Biden took office, in an effort to slow the spread of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=TSA+will+no+longer+enforce+travel+mask+mandate+after+a+federal+judge+strikes+it+down+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "CDC Extends Transportation Mask Mandate Until May 3",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 3:00 p.m. EDT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is extending its face mask requirement for public transit for another 15 days. That means travelers will still need to mask up in airports, planes, buses, trains and at transit hubs until May 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mask travel requirement had been set to expire this coming Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is keeping in place \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/masks/mask-travel-guidance.html\">its mask rule\u003c/a> \"in order to assess the potential impact the rise of cases has on severe disease, including hospitalizations and deaths, and health care system capacity,\" according to an agency spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also confirmed that the Transportation Security Administration, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.tsa.gov/coronavirus/faq#:~:text=Yes%2C%20you%20are%20required%20to,to%20you%2C%20if%20supplies%20allow\">handles enforcement \u003c/a>of the order, is extending its security directive and emergency amendment for another 15 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"mask-mandates\"]The decision was made in response to the increasing spread of the omicron subvariant in the U.S. and an increase in the 7-day moving average of cases, which has risen by around 25% over the last two weeks nationally. Certain states are seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">much larger increases\u003c/a> in new cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC is following the science with this latest decision, says \u003ca href=\"https://isearch.asu.edu/profile/1436144\">James Hodge\u003c/a>, who directs the Center for Public Health Law and Policy at Arizona State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe that a two-week period is just enough to say we're watching very carefully,\" he says. \"If we pull this mask mandate, we will have extended numbers of infections — that's not responsible and that's counter to the public's health.\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there has been growing pressure on the Biden administration to lift the mask rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Biden last month, the industry group Airlines for America \u003ca href=\"https://www.airlines.org/news/a4a-urges-white-house-to-lift-predeparture-testing-requirements-mask-mandate/\">argued that\u003c/a> it was no longer necessary to keep the order in place. Florida's Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis has also recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.flgov.com/2022/03/29/governor-ron-desantis-and-attorney-general-ashley-moody-announce-lawsuit-against-the-cdcs-unlawful-mask-mandate-on-public-transportation/\">announced\u003c/a> he's leading a multi-state lawsuit against the requirement to wear masks on public transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many supporters of the mask requirement, some infectious disease experts say it's time for the U.S. to lift the mandate because cases are much lower than they have been in a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the CDC's \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view?list_select_state=all_states&list_select_county=all_counties&data-type=CommunityLevels&null=CommunityLevels\">own metrics show\u003c/a> that about 95% of the country is currently designated as having \"low\" community levels of COVID-19, says Dr. Monica Gandhi, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not consistent to have a mask mandate on a plane or a bus versus the whole community,\" says Gandhi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that activities like indoor dining tend to be more risky than flying on planes, which have very good ventilation. \"So I think the inconsistency can be perceived as problematic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+extends+transportation+mask+mandate+until+May+3&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 3:00 p.m. EDT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is extending its face mask requirement for public transit for another 15 days. That means travelers will still need to mask up in airports, planes, buses, trains and at transit hubs until May 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mask travel requirement had been set to expire this coming Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is keeping in place \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/masks/mask-travel-guidance.html\">its mask rule\u003c/a> \"in order to assess the potential impact the rise of cases has on severe disease, including hospitalizations and deaths, and health care system capacity,\" according to an agency spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also confirmed that the Transportation Security Administration, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.tsa.gov/coronavirus/faq#:~:text=Yes%2C%20you%20are%20required%20to,to%20you%2C%20if%20supplies%20allow\">handles enforcement \u003c/a>of the order, is extending its security directive and emergency amendment for another 15 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The decision was made in response to the increasing spread of the omicron subvariant in the U.S. and an increase in the 7-day moving average of cases, which has risen by around 25% over the last two weeks nationally. Certain states are seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">much larger increases\u003c/a> in new cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC is following the science with this latest decision, says \u003ca href=\"https://isearch.asu.edu/profile/1436144\">James Hodge\u003c/a>, who directs the Center for Public Health Law and Policy at Arizona State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe that a two-week period is just enough to say we're watching very carefully,\" he says. \"If we pull this mask mandate, we will have extended numbers of infections — that's not responsible and that's counter to the public's health.\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there has been growing pressure on the Biden administration to lift the mask rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Biden last month, the industry group Airlines for America \u003ca href=\"https://www.airlines.org/news/a4a-urges-white-house-to-lift-predeparture-testing-requirements-mask-mandate/\">argued that\u003c/a> it was no longer necessary to keep the order in place. Florida's Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis has also recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.flgov.com/2022/03/29/governor-ron-desantis-and-attorney-general-ashley-moody-announce-lawsuit-against-the-cdcs-unlawful-mask-mandate-on-public-transportation/\">announced\u003c/a> he's leading a multi-state lawsuit against the requirement to wear masks on public transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many supporters of the mask requirement, some infectious disease experts say it's time for the U.S. to lift the mandate because cases are much lower than they have been in a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the CDC's \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#county-view?list_select_state=all_states&list_select_county=all_counties&data-type=CommunityLevels&null=CommunityLevels\">own metrics show\u003c/a> that about 95% of the country is currently designated as having \"low\" community levels of COVID-19, says Dr. Monica Gandhi, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really not consistent to have a mask mandate on a plane or a bus versus the whole community,\" says Gandhi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that activities like indoor dining tend to be more risky than flying on planes, which have very good ventilation. \"So I think the inconsistency can be perceived as problematic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=CDC+extends+transportation+mask+mandate+until+May+3&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated April 12, 2022 at 8:36 AM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From rising rent to higher heating bills, surging inflation impacts everybody, but it poses a particular hardship for people with little extra money to spare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the Labor Department reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm\">consumer prices in March were 8.5% higher than a year ago\u003c/a> — the sharpest increase since December of 1981.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no one likes paying more for haircuts or hamburgers, high inflation is especially painful for lower-income families, whose spending is heavily weighted toward necessities such as gasoline and groceries, which have seen some of the largest price hikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gasoline prices have jumped 48% in the last year while grocery prices are up 10%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These families have little fat in their household budgets to start with, so when inflation cuts into their limited spending power, something has to give.[aside postID=\"forum_2010101888006\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/43/2022/02/inflation-2-1020x816.jpg\"]Take Laura Kemp, a widow in Muldrow, Oklahoma, who says that her heating bill last month was $306, more than double the $125 she paid a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I live in a two-bedroom mobile home,\" she says. \"I don't understand what's going on. Every month it's increasing and it's taking up about a third of my income.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kemp feels like she's losing ground, priced out of even small indulgences like a McDonald's meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the 10th of the month, I have $200 left,\" she says. \"The $200 a month is now going into my gas tank.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not making it to the end of the month anymore,\" she adds. \"Even getting a Big Mac now — a Big Mac meal is $8 — I can't afford it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the weather warms up, Kemp plans to plant a vegetable garden in hopes of defraying her food bill. She has picked out seeds for tomatoes, zucchini, peppers and eggplants, and she's eyeing some of the land her brother owns — where her mobile home also sits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From groceries to rent, prices are surging everywhere\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlene Rye, who retired after 28 years in the poultry industry — much of that time in chicken-processing plants — finds herself having to make hard choices after chicken prices rose sharply over the last year, like everything else in the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to be a little more cautious in what you cook and things you make and things you buy,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rye has been getting help from a food pantry in Sallisaw, Okla., which has gotten busier as prices have climbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They open at 10 o'clock, and if you're there at 9, there's already people in line,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Terrie Dean, it's the cost of housing that really stings. She and her teenage son are living temporarily in a motel in Sallisaw. She relies on disability payments of about $1,600 a month, which for now puts an apartment out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They want first month and deposit, not realizing that may be all this family brings in,\" said Dean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower-income families typically spend about 45% of their income on housing, compared with 18% for upper-income families. Shelter costs have risen 5% in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gas prices tend to hit especially hard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The disparity for food and transportation is even larger — consuming 9% of high-income households' budgets but 26% for households that are low income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, gasoline prices jumped to $4.33 a gallon in March — an all-time high, not adjusting for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased gas prices can impact family ties. Soaring energy prices forced Patricia Bridgmon of Chicago to cut back on visits to her elderly mother in Hammond, Indiana, about 25 minutes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just horrible with the gas,\" she says. \"I usually go to see her three days out of the week. Now, it's down to one, because of the gas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/dKHDavoB8IU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kemp, the widow with the increased heating bill, has also cut back on driving to Fort Smith, Arkansas., about 35 minutes from her home in eastern Oklahoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I love going to the art museums and thrift store shopping and just getting out,\" she said. \"But I can't even go anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Rye, the retired poultry worker, has to weigh the cost of driving to a larger supermarket that's farther away against shopping closer to home, where prices are higher, even in good times.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Federal Reserve plans to fight inflation aggressively\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Federal Reserve officials are well aware of the toll that inflation is taking, especially on lower-income families, a point that Fed Gov. Lael Brainard highlighted in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/brainard20220405a.htm\">speech last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While all Americans are confronting higher prices, the burden is particularly great for households with more limited resources,\" Brainard said. \"That is why getting inflation down is our most important task, while sustaining a recovery that includes everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fed began raising interest rates last month in an effort to tamp down consumer demand and bring prices under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central bank started slowly, raising rates by a quarter percentage point. But markets anticipate that the Fed will become more aggressive, with a half-point increase now widely expected at the next Fed meeting in early May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although forecasters say March could be the high-water mark for inflation, consumer prices are likely to keep climbing at an uncomfortably fast pace for the rest of this year, continuing to put a particular strain on the families that can least afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+soaring+inflation+forces+stark+choices&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Take Laura Kemp, a widow in Muldrow, Oklahoma, who says that her heating bill last month was $306, more than double the $125 she paid a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I live in a two-bedroom mobile home,\" she says. \"I don't understand what's going on. Every month it's increasing and it's taking up about a third of my income.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kemp feels like she's losing ground, priced out of even small indulgences like a McDonald's meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By the 10th of the month, I have $200 left,\" she says. \"The $200 a month is now going into my gas tank.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not making it to the end of the month anymore,\" she adds. \"Even getting a Big Mac now — a Big Mac meal is $8 — I can't afford it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the weather warms up, Kemp plans to plant a vegetable garden in hopes of defraying her food bill. She has picked out seeds for tomatoes, zucchini, peppers and eggplants, and she's eyeing some of the land her brother owns — where her mobile home also sits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From groceries to rent, prices are surging everywhere\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlene Rye, who retired after 28 years in the poultry industry — much of that time in chicken-processing plants — finds herself having to make hard choices after chicken prices rose sharply over the last year, like everything else in the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to be a little more cautious in what you cook and things you make and things you buy,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rye has been getting help from a food pantry in Sallisaw, Okla., which has gotten busier as prices have climbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They open at 10 o'clock, and if you're there at 9, there's already people in line,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Terrie Dean, it's the cost of housing that really stings. She and her teenage son are living temporarily in a motel in Sallisaw. She relies on disability payments of about $1,600 a month, which for now puts an apartment out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They want first month and deposit, not realizing that may be all this family brings in,\" said Dean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lower-income families typically spend about 45% of their income on housing, compared with 18% for upper-income families. Shelter costs have risen 5% in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Gas prices tend to hit especially hard\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The disparity for food and transportation is even larger — consuming 9% of high-income households' budgets but 26% for households that are low income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, gasoline prices jumped to $4.33 a gallon in March — an all-time high, not adjusting for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increased gas prices can impact family ties. Soaring energy prices forced Patricia Bridgmon of Chicago to cut back on visits to her elderly mother in Hammond, Indiana, about 25 minutes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just horrible with the gas,\" she says. \"I usually go to see her three days out of the week. Now, it's down to one, because of the gas.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dKHDavoB8IU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dKHDavoB8IU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Kemp, the widow with the increased heating bill, has also cut back on driving to Fort Smith, Arkansas., about 35 minutes from her home in eastern Oklahoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I love going to the art museums and thrift store shopping and just getting out,\" she said. \"But I can't even go anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Rye, the retired poultry worker, has to weigh the cost of driving to a larger supermarket that's farther away against shopping closer to home, where prices are higher, even in good times.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Federal Reserve plans to fight inflation aggressively\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Federal Reserve officials are well aware of the toll that inflation is taking, especially on lower-income families, a point that Fed Gov. Lael Brainard highlighted in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/brainard20220405a.htm\">speech last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While all Americans are confronting higher prices, the burden is particularly great for households with more limited resources,\" Brainard said. \"That is why getting inflation down is our most important task, while sustaining a recovery that includes everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fed began raising interest rates last month in an effort to tamp down consumer demand and bring prices under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The central bank started slowly, raising rates by a quarter percentage point. But markets anticipate that the Fed will become more aggressive, with a half-point increase now widely expected at the next Fed meeting in early May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although forecasters say March could be the high-water mark for inflation, consumer prices are likely to keep climbing at an uncomfortably fast pace for the rest of this year, continuing to put a particular strain on the families that can least afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+soaring+inflation+forces+stark+choices&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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