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"content": "\u003cp>A leaked Los Angeles City Council recording hasn’t just upended local politics. It also has highlighted long-simmering racial tensions within the multicultural city — and the work needed to help it heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a quick recap: Former city council president Nury Martinez \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/12/1128443565/la-city-council-protest-martinez\">resigned her seat\u003c/a> on Wednesday, days after a recording surfaced of her making racist remarks during an October 2021 conversation with two other councilmembers and a city union leader, all of whom are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They discussed strategies for using the city’s redistricting process to maximize Latino political power and dilute the power of Black voters (California’s attorney general is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/california-attorney-general-to-investigate-la-redistricting-after-councilmembers-racist-remarks\">opening an investigation\u003c/a> into that process). Martinez used crude and racist language to describe the city’s Oaxacan and Black communities, including the Black adopted son of one of her white council colleagues.[aside postID=news_11928625 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1242826736.jpg']“What Nury Martinez was heard saying on this leaked tape were just about the worst things you could say as a politician in a city like Los Angeles, where cross-racial coalitions are so important in politics,” as NPR’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128623985/embattled-la-city-councilwoman-nury-martinez-resigns-her-seat-after-racist-comme\">Adrian Florido reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the recording emerged — first posted anonymously to Reddit and then published by the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> — a growing chorus of voices, from local protesters to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1128287297/nury-martinez-biden-resignation-la-city-council-racist-remarks\">the White House\u003c/a>, called for the implicated council members to step down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez quit, and Ron Herrera has left his post as the head of the L.A. County Federation of Labor, but the other two councilmembers — Gil Cedillo and Kevin de León — have refused to resign. The acting council president \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/13/la-city-council-resign-leaked-recording-00061740\">canceled a meeting\u003c/a> that had been scheduled for Friday, saying the body couldn’t conduct business until those departures happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles is electing a new mayor in less than a month, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/11/la-mayoral-candidates-racist-recording-00061364\">in this week’s debate candidates\u003c/a> focused largely on the turmoil, and on who would be best suited to heal the city’s racial divides. Beyond city hall, community groups are bringing Black and Latino residents together to promote solidarity and prevent long-running tensions from flaring up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Changing demographics have provoked racial tensions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles’ population has shifted from majority-Black to majority-Latino over the past several decades, and Black Angelenos are increasingly worried that their concerns (including gentrification and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/a-sea-of-black-mens-faces-la-black-homelessness-crisis-los-angeles\">homelessness\u003c/a>) will be ignored by leaders as Latino political power grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Smith, a columnist for the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-10-09/latino-la-city-council-racism-fears-black-angelenos\">wrote this week\u003c/a> that the substance of the recording confirms the “worst fears of many Black Angelenos: That Latino politicians treat political power as a zero-sum game. That because of their numbers, they will take over the leadership of the city, and that because of their racist beliefs, they will ignore our needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928933\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11928933\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358.jpg\" alt=\"A crowd of protesters hold up signs calling for the resignation of three city council members in the City Hall chamber in Los Angeles.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358-800x556.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358-160x111.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the community are calling for the resignation of Nury Martinez, Kevin de Leon and Gil Cedillo at City Hall Council chambers in downtown Los Angeles on Wednesday, Oct. 12. \u003ccite>(Christina House/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smith wrote that the incident has shattered the popular narrative of Los Angeles — and California in general — being some sort of “multicultural mecca, where Black and brown people build alliances to work together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the tensions associated with its demographic shifts, Los Angeles does have a history of Black and brown communities cooperating in pursuit of progressive causes, according to University of Southern California sociology professor Manuel Pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both he and Smith spoke to \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> host A Martínez about how that came to be, and what needs to happen to preserve those alliances and help the city heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>But there is also common ground and collaboration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There really were tensions and conflicts around jobs and schools and communities, but … there’s been a tremendous access of Black-brown solidarity building, community bridging, power building that has occurred over the last 30, 40 years, with a lot of that happening in South L.A. but a lot of that being citywide,” Pastor says. “And so one of the things that I think is perhaps the most tragic about what’s been happening with the revelation of these racist comments by four Latino leaders is that decades and decades of solidarity building were eroded, really, in a very short amount of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says the recording has shown much work still needs to be done to bring those groups together, “where maybe a lot of people thought that the hardest part kind of was over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One challenge she mentions in her piece is underrepresentation on city council for Latinos, who make up half of L.A.’s population but less than a third of its councilmembers. Smith says the question isn’t whether Black people are overrepresented, but how the council can pursue equity in a way that isn’t at their expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always kind of moved forward as if we just had Black and brown alliances and we’re moving together in equity,” she says. “But these very real concerns haven’t really been addressed recently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The scandal could be an opportunity to foster unity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pastor is the co-author of a study called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/du-bois-review-social-science-research-on-race/article/whats-going-on/FBD6961E5FAAF454637C0BCDEE7FEB6B/share/e8712587f3333c6d182079458d2d763fa5b353fc\">“Black Experiences of Latinization and Loss in South Los Angeles,\u003c/a>” which details the area’s shift from 80% Black in 1970 to majority-Latino today. He interviewed Black residents of South L.A. about their experiences losing what he describes as “hard-fought space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black residents had long struggled to gain a foothold in certain parts of the city that had been inaccessible to them because of racially restrictive housing covenants, redlining and other racist real estate practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pastor says he heard a variety of perspectives during these interviews. There was concern about the growing Latino presence, especially because it changes the language spoken in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine if you’re a parent in a school in South L.A., you’re a Black parent, [and] all of a sudden the vast majority of kids are Latino,” he explains. “And the language that’s spoken at the PTA or when a principal is speaking to parents is Spanish, and someone is actually translating into English to you, in a space that was hard-fought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Pastor says, he heard many people say that Black and Latino communities face the same struggles, “in terms of job quality, unaffordable housing, environmental problems, schools that need significant improvement so that our kids can go to college.” He also heard people in predominantly Black spaces talk about the need to form alliances with Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I think there is definitely some sense of resentment that is there,” he says. “And there’s also some ground on which coalitions can continue to be built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says Black and brown communities are going to continue to share spaces and interact, and so it’s important to find a way to continue to live and work together ways that benefits everybody. She believes those efforts start on the streets, at the grassroots level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think right now we’re seeing a coming-together of people from various different races and ethnicities that are frankly just outraged at what has happened,” Smith adds. “And it’s brought about a unity that probably, frankly, wouldn’t have happened if this offensive recording had not been released.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As LA reels from the racist remarks and backroom dealings revealed by a leaked recording, two of the City Council members involved in the scandal are refusing to resign, despite mounting protests and calls for their ouster.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A leaked Los Angeles City Council recording hasn’t just upended local politics. It also has highlighted long-simmering racial tensions within the multicultural city — and the work needed to help it heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a quick recap: Former city council president Nury Martinez \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/12/1128443565/la-city-council-protest-martinez\">resigned her seat\u003c/a> on Wednesday, days after a recording surfaced of her making racist remarks during an October 2021 conversation with two other councilmembers and a city union leader, all of whom are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They discussed strategies for using the city’s redistricting process to maximize Latino political power and dilute the power of Black voters (California’s attorney general is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/california-attorney-general-to-investigate-la-redistricting-after-councilmembers-racist-remarks\">opening an investigation\u003c/a> into that process). Martinez used crude and racist language to describe the city’s Oaxacan and Black communities, including the Black adopted son of one of her white council colleagues.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“What Nury Martinez was heard saying on this leaked tape were just about the worst things you could say as a politician in a city like Los Angeles, where cross-racial coalitions are so important in politics,” as NPR’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128623985/embattled-la-city-councilwoman-nury-martinez-resigns-her-seat-after-racist-comme\">Adrian Florido reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the recording emerged — first posted anonymously to Reddit and then published by the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> — a growing chorus of voices, from local protesters to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/11/1128287297/nury-martinez-biden-resignation-la-city-council-racist-remarks\">the White House\u003c/a>, called for the implicated council members to step down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez quit, and Ron Herrera has left his post as the head of the L.A. County Federation of Labor, but the other two councilmembers — Gil Cedillo and Kevin de León — have refused to resign. The acting council president \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/13/la-city-council-resign-leaked-recording-00061740\">canceled a meeting\u003c/a> that had been scheduled for Friday, saying the body couldn’t conduct business until those departures happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles is electing a new mayor in less than a month, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/11/la-mayoral-candidates-racist-recording-00061364\">in this week’s debate candidates\u003c/a> focused largely on the turmoil, and on who would be best suited to heal the city’s racial divides. Beyond city hall, community groups are bringing Black and Latino residents together to promote solidarity and prevent long-running tensions from flaring up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Changing demographics have provoked racial tensions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles’ population has shifted from majority-Black to majority-Latino over the past several decades, and Black Angelenos are increasingly worried that their concerns (including gentrification and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/a-sea-of-black-mens-faces-la-black-homelessness-crisis-los-angeles\">homelessness\u003c/a>) will be ignored by leaders as Latino political power grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Smith, a columnist for the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-10-09/latino-la-city-council-racism-fears-black-angelenos\">wrote this week\u003c/a> that the substance of the recording confirms the “worst fears of many Black Angelenos: That Latino politicians treat political power as a zero-sum game. That because of their numbers, they will take over the leadership of the city, and that because of their racist beliefs, they will ignore our needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11928933\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11928933\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358.jpg\" alt=\"A crowd of protesters hold up signs calling for the resignation of three city council members in the City Hall chamber in Los Angeles.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358-800x556.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1243926358-160x111.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the community are calling for the resignation of Nury Martinez, Kevin de Leon and Gil Cedillo at City Hall Council chambers in downtown Los Angeles on Wednesday, Oct. 12. \u003ccite>(Christina House/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Smith wrote that the incident has shattered the popular narrative of Los Angeles — and California in general — being some sort of “multicultural mecca, where Black and brown people build alliances to work together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the tensions associated with its demographic shifts, Los Angeles does have a history of Black and brown communities cooperating in pursuit of progressive causes, according to University of Southern California sociology professor Manuel Pastor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both he and Smith spoke to \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> host A Martínez about how that came to be, and what needs to happen to preserve those alliances and help the city heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>But there is also common ground and collaboration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There really were tensions and conflicts around jobs and schools and communities, but … there’s been a tremendous access of Black-brown solidarity building, community bridging, power building that has occurred over the last 30, 40 years, with a lot of that happening in South L.A. but a lot of that being citywide,” Pastor says. “And so one of the things that I think is perhaps the most tragic about what’s been happening with the revelation of these racist comments by four Latino leaders is that decades and decades of solidarity building were eroded, really, in a very short amount of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says the recording has shown much work still needs to be done to bring those groups together, “where maybe a lot of people thought that the hardest part kind of was over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One challenge she mentions in her piece is underrepresentation on city council for Latinos, who make up half of L.A.’s population but less than a third of its councilmembers. Smith says the question isn’t whether Black people are overrepresented, but how the council can pursue equity in a way that isn’t at their expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always kind of moved forward as if we just had Black and brown alliances and we’re moving together in equity,” she says. “But these very real concerns haven’t really been addressed recently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The scandal could be an opportunity to foster unity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pastor is the co-author of a study called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/du-bois-review-social-science-research-on-race/article/whats-going-on/FBD6961E5FAAF454637C0BCDEE7FEB6B/share/e8712587f3333c6d182079458d2d763fa5b353fc\">“Black Experiences of Latinization and Loss in South Los Angeles,\u003c/a>” which details the area’s shift from 80% Black in 1970 to majority-Latino today. He interviewed Black residents of South L.A. about their experiences losing what he describes as “hard-fought space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black residents had long struggled to gain a foothold in certain parts of the city that had been inaccessible to them because of racially restrictive housing covenants, redlining and other racist real estate practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pastor says he heard a variety of perspectives during these interviews. There was concern about the growing Latino presence, especially because it changes the language spoken in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine if you’re a parent in a school in South L.A., you’re a Black parent, [and] all of a sudden the vast majority of kids are Latino,” he explains. “And the language that’s spoken at the PTA or when a principal is speaking to parents is Spanish, and someone is actually translating into English to you, in a space that was hard-fought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Pastor says, he heard many people say that Black and Latino communities face the same struggles, “in terms of job quality, unaffordable housing, environmental problems, schools that need significant improvement so that our kids can go to college.” He also heard people in predominantly Black spaces talk about the need to form alliances with Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I think there is definitely some sense of resentment that is there,” he says. “And there’s also some ground on which coalitions can continue to be built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says Black and brown communities are going to continue to share spaces and interact, and so it’s important to find a way to continue to live and work together ways that benefits everybody. She believes those efforts start on the streets, at the grassroots level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think right now we’re seeing a coming-together of people from various different races and ethnicities that are frankly just outraged at what has happened,” Smith adds. “And it’s brought about a unity that probably, frankly, wouldn’t have happened if this offensive recording had not been released.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Pigs, morality and the U.S. Constitution were all in play at the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was about more than pigs, of course. It involves how much regulation a state may constitutionally enact when those laws have a significant effect on what happens in \u003cem>other\u003c/em> states. Tuesday’s case pitted most of the pork producers in the U.S. against a California law enacted by referendum by lopsided margins. The law bans the sale of pork in California when it is produced “inhumanely” — specifically, when the pork comes from pregnant or nursing sows confined in cages so small that the pigs cannot turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has fewer than 1% of the breeding pigs in the country. The state imports more than 99% of the pork meat it consumes. So the National Pork Producers Council and the American Farm Bureau Federation brought a legal challenge, contending that California’s law is unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that may not sound like a humdinger to a lot of readers, but the Supreme Court’s time limits on arguments seem to have flown out the window of late, and an oral argument that was scheduled for an hour and 10 minutes morphed into well over two hours on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pork producers argument\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Timothy Bishop, representing the pork producers, conceded that California could ban pork products outright in the state, but he maintained that it could not impose a state law that principally affects what happens in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Elena Kagan took issue with drawing lines that way. “If you’re thinking about costs,” she said, “California banning your produce would be the greatest cost of all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop replied that the law’s main impact is “on the state where the business is located.” He noted that Iowa has 65,000 sow farms, which would be affected by the California law. What California is doing, Bishop said, is essentially trampling on Iowa’s ability to breed those sows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Sonia Sotomayor pointed to a brief in the case from scientists who argue that keeping sows so confined increases the likelihood of new diseases jumping from animals to humans. The policy, she reasoned, could just as legitimately be health-based, as well as morality-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Amy Coney Barrett seemed dubious about the pork industry’s assertion that a state’s moral interest should have no role to play. In that vein there were many hypotheticals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supposing this case occurred prior to the end of slavery, asked Kagan. Could a state ban goods produced by enslaved people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Neil Gorsuch, in turn, asked why not let the market decide whether California’s law would achieve its desired results. After all, he said, there appear to be some pork producers willing and able to step in and meet California’s requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California’s view\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defending California’s law, state Solicitor General Michael Mongan faced just as many tough questions. Chief Justice John Roberts noted a problem with morality-based regulations. “I think people in some states … that produce a lot of pork, in Iowa or North Carolina or Indiana, may think there’s a moral value in providing a low-cost source of protein to people, maybe particularly at times of rising food prices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several justices noted that a lot of policy disputes could inspire states to wield laws like this as a sort of weapon. What, they asked, would stop Texas from banning products produced by union labor, or another state from banning fruit picked by undocumented workers, or yet another state from banning goods produced by people in a state with a lower minimum wage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in a divided country,” Justice Kagan observed. “The balkanization that the Framers were concerned about is surely present today … do we want to live in a world where we’re constantly at each others throats and … Texas is at war with California and California at war with Texas?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Samuel Alito, taking aim at California’s role in the market, asked, “Is California unconcerned about all this because it is such a giant? … You can bully other states, and so you’re not really concerned about retaliation?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The questions were sufficiently difficult that conservative Justice Brett Kavanaugh and liberal Justice Kagan noted that the case had come to the court at what is known as the pleadings stage, without a trial or findings of fact. That could allow the court to make a minimal decision and send the case back to the lower courts for a fuller exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine a more anticipated \u003cem>form\u003c/em> than the one tens of millions of federal student loan borrowers will need to complete to qualify for President Biden’s debt relief plan. On Tuesday, senior administration officials revealed new details about the application. Here’s what we know:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When the application is coming:\u003c/strong> The Biden administration has said repeatedly its debt relief application would be available in early October. In a call with reporters, senior administration officials dropped the “early” but promised, “We will make the form available in October,” and said they are “working hard to make sure the form can handle the traffic we anticipate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a legal filing on Friday, the department said it “will not discharge any student loan debt under the debt relief plan prior to October 23, 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application will be available through Dec. 31, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where the application will be posted:\u003c/strong> Officials said the application will be housed at a .gov website, and published in both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What the application will ask for:\u003c/strong> As U.S. Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1123108811/biden-student-loans-debt-cancellation-pslf\">told NPR a few weeks ago\u003c/a>, the application, which officials shared with reporters on Tuesday, is quite simple. It requires only basic information, including name, birth date, Social Security number, phone number and an e-mail address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borrowers will not need what’s known as an FSA ID to log into the application, nor will they need to upload any documents, including tax records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will borrowers need to prove they meet \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1118879917/student-loan-forgiveness-biden\">\u003cstrong>the plan’s income requirements\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>?\u003c/strong> Instead of having to provide documents that verify that you, as an individual, earned less than $125,000 in 2020 or 2021 or, as a couple, less than $250,000, the application simply asks borrowers to check a box to “certify under penalty of perjury under the laws of the United States of America that all of the information provided on this form is true and correct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"student-loans\"]A senior administration official told reporters that the U.S. Department of Education will closely match the information applicants provide with loan and income information it already has on file. In case of discrepancies, the department “will work with borrowers to secure additional documentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official said roughly 95% of borrowers should meet those income thresholds, though it’s not clear how many the department will flag for additional income verification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will it take the department to process each application?\u003c/strong> When asked by NPR how long borrowers who fill out the application will have to wait before they see their debts canceled, one senior administration official said, “a matter of weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timing matters because the department wants to discharge as many debts as possible before student loan payments resume in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Cardona told NPR, “I will tell you, [by] Jan. 1 when [loan repayment resumes], we have to have all that set up. So we know that, between October and before the loans restart, not only is the information going to be needed by all borrowers, but we’re going to have to be done with that process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday’s call with reporters, a senior administration official backed up Cardona’s timeline, saying the department plans to quickly process applications in November and December to discharge debts and limit borrower confusion come January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+know+about+the+application+for+Biden%27s+student+loan+relief+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine a more anticipated \u003cem>form\u003c/em> than the one tens of millions of federal student loan borrowers will need to complete to qualify for President Biden’s debt relief plan. On Tuesday, senior administration officials revealed new details about the application. Here’s what we know:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When the application is coming:\u003c/strong> The Biden administration has said repeatedly its debt relief application would be available in early October. In a call with reporters, senior administration officials dropped the “early” but promised, “We will make the form available in October,” and said they are “working hard to make sure the form can handle the traffic we anticipate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a legal filing on Friday, the department said it “will not discharge any student loan debt under the debt relief plan prior to October 23, 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The application will be available through Dec. 31, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where the application will be posted:\u003c/strong> Officials said the application will be housed at a .gov website, and published in both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A senior administration official told reporters that the U.S. Department of Education will closely match the information applicants provide with loan and income information it already has on file. In case of discrepancies, the department “will work with borrowers to secure additional documentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official said roughly 95% of borrowers should meet those income thresholds, though it’s not clear how many the department will flag for additional income verification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will it take the department to process each application?\u003c/strong> When asked by NPR how long borrowers who fill out the application will have to wait before they see their debts canceled, one senior administration official said, “a matter of weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timing matters because the department wants to discharge as many debts as possible before student loan payments resume in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Cardona told NPR, “I will tell you, [by] Jan. 1 when [loan repayment resumes], we have to have all that set up. So we know that, between October and before the loans restart, not only is the information going to be needed by all borrowers, but we’re going to have to be done with that process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday’s call with reporters, a senior administration official backed up Cardona’s timeline, saying the department plans to quickly process applications in November and December to discharge debts and limit borrower confusion come January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+to+know+about+the+application+for+Biden%27s+student+loan+relief+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday announced that he is taking executive action to pardon people convicted of simple marijuana possession under federal law and Washington, D.C. statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pardons will be done through an administration process to be developed by the Justice Department, senior administration officials told reporters on a briefing call, and will cover citizens and lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sending people to prison for possessing marijuana has upended too many lives and incarcerated people for conduct that many states no longer prohibit,” Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 6,500 people were convicted of simple possession between 1992 and 2021 under federal law, and thousands more under D.C. code, the officials said. Biden had promised the action during his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/1578108939174281218\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, most convictions happen at the state level, leaving those pardons up to each governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order comes as five states, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Marijuana_laws_and_ballot_measures_in_the_United_States\">Arkansas, Maryland, Missouri, North Dakota and South Dakota\u003c/a>, have legalization measures on their ballots for November. Nineteen states have legalized marijuana for recreational use and 38 states have legalized marijuana for medical use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the executive order, Biden is also urging all governors to take similar action in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is also asking his Health and Human Services and Justice departments to review whether marijuana should still be classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act. The classification is meant for the most dangerous substances, according to Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOJ will in the coming days begin creating the process for issuing the pardons, according to a statement from Justice Department spokesperson Anthony Coley, and will work with HHS on the review of drug scheduling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"marijuana\"]“This is the same schedule as for heroin and LSD, and even higher than the classification of fentanyl and methamphetamine – the drugs that are driving our overdose epidemic,” Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, however, noted that “even as federal and state regulation of marijuana changes, important limitations on trafficking, marketing, and under-age sales should stay in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves do not legalize the use of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marijuana advocacy groups have applauded the move. But they want the president to go further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, however, hope that the Biden Administration will go further and fully deschedule marijuana from the Controlled Substances Act, rather than initiate a process that could lead to rescheduling,” said Kassandra Frederique, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, in a statement. “Keeping marijuana on the federal drug schedule will mean people will continue to face criminal charges for marijuana.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>GOP members, like Sen. Tom Cotton, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1578116642969714688?s=20&t=lWi9Nlq78SOgnag6ApXQsg\">opposed the move\u003c/a>, calling it a blanket pardon and a “desperate attempt” at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Democrats have long pushed Biden to fulfill his campaign promise. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2021.11.9%20Letter%20to%20POTUS%20on%20Cannabis%20Pardons.pdf\">a letter sent nearly a year ago\u003c/a>, Sens. Elizabeth Warren, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/senmarkey/status/1578102493166587904?s=46&t=cels3SB7hdJm576H_hh-ig\">Ed Markey\u003c/a>, and Jeff Merkley wrote to Biden urging him to issue a blanket pardon for all non-violent federal cannabis offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+to+pardon+simple+federal+marijuana+possession+convictions+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden on Thursday announced that he is taking executive action to pardon people convicted of simple marijuana possession under federal law and Washington, D.C. statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pardons will be done through an administration process to be developed by the Justice Department, senior administration officials told reporters on a briefing call, and will cover citizens and lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sending people to prison for possessing marijuana has upended too many lives and incarcerated people for conduct that many states no longer prohibit,” Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 6,500 people were convicted of simple possession between 1992 and 2021 under federal law, and thousands more under D.C. code, the officials said. Biden had promised the action during his campaign.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>However, most convictions happen at the state level, leaving those pardons up to each governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order comes as five states, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Marijuana_laws_and_ballot_measures_in_the_United_States\">Arkansas, Maryland, Missouri, North Dakota and South Dakota\u003c/a>, have legalization measures on their ballots for November. Nineteen states have legalized marijuana for recreational use and 38 states have legalized marijuana for medical use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the executive order, Biden is also urging all governors to take similar action in their states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden is also asking his Health and Human Services and Justice departments to review whether marijuana should still be classified as a Schedule 1 substance under the Controlled Substances Act. The classification is meant for the most dangerous substances, according to Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DOJ will in the coming days begin creating the process for issuing the pardons, according to a statement from Justice Department spokesperson Anthony Coley, and will work with HHS on the review of drug scheduling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is the same schedule as for heroin and LSD, and even higher than the classification of fentanyl and methamphetamine – the drugs that are driving our overdose epidemic,” Biden said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president, however, noted that “even as federal and state regulation of marijuana changes, important limitations on trafficking, marketing, and under-age sales should stay in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves do not legalize the use of marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some marijuana advocacy groups have applauded the move. But they want the president to go further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, however, hope that the Biden Administration will go further and fully deschedule marijuana from the Controlled Substances Act, rather than initiate a process that could lead to rescheduling,” said Kassandra Frederique, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, in a statement. “Keeping marijuana on the federal drug schedule will mean people will continue to face criminal charges for marijuana.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>GOP members, like Sen. Tom Cotton, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenTomCotton/status/1578116642969714688?s=20&t=lWi9Nlq78SOgnag6ApXQsg\">opposed the move\u003c/a>, calling it a blanket pardon and a “desperate attempt” at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Democrats have long pushed Biden to fulfill his campaign promise. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2021.11.9%20Letter%20to%20POTUS%20on%20Cannabis%20Pardons.pdf\">a letter sent nearly a year ago\u003c/a>, Sens. Elizabeth Warren, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/senmarkey/status/1578102493166587904?s=46&t=cels3SB7hdJm576H_hh-ig\">Ed Markey\u003c/a>, and Jeff Merkley wrote to Biden urging him to issue a blanket pardon for all non-violent federal cannabis offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+to+pardon+simple+federal+marijuana+possession+convictions+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SpaceX launched its crewed space mission to the International Space Station on Wednesday. On board and heading the expedition as mission commander is Nicole Mann — the first Native American woman to go to space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s a Marine Corps pilot and NASA astronaut, as well as a member of the Wailacki tribe of \u003ca href=\"https://www.rvit.org/\">the Round Valley Indian Tribes\u003c/a>. Her milestone moment comes 20 years after John Herrington became the first Native American man to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nativepartnership.org/site/PageServer?pagename=aief_hist_nna_johnherrington\">walk in space, in 2002\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann’s Crew-5 mission aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. Also on board is Josh Cassada, Anna Kikina and Koichi Wakata. All four are traveling to the International Space Station for a six-month mission, during which they plan to conduct more than 200 experiments, which will include spacewalks and 3D-printing human tissue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927892\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11927892\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/nicole-mann2022_custom-ee98af8677e1b7702224f6aafea7fff35edf76ef.jpg\" alt=\"Nicole Mann, a Native American woman, sits posing for the camera in NASA uniform, smiling.\" width=\"200\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/nicole-mann2022_custom-ee98af8677e1b7702224f6aafea7fff35edf76ef.jpg 200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/nicole-mann2022_custom-ee98af8677e1b7702224f6aafea7fff35edf76ef-160x196.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicole Mann \u003ccite>(Robert Markowitz/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/22/1118843610/nicole-mann-will-be-the-1st-native-woman-in-space\">Mann detailed some of the crew’s plans\u003c/a> to NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> this past summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she hoped her trip to space can encourage younger generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These young women, maybe Natives, maybe people from different backgrounds that realize that they have these opportunities and [that] potentially these barriers that used to be there are starting to be broken down,” she said. “And so hopefully that will inspire that younger generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann, who is originally from California, said she planned to take some items from home with her on her long journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do have some personal mementos, you know, jewelry charms that I plan to bring. And then I do have this dream catcher that my mother gave me long ago,” she said. “And that’s always just, you know, a little bit, a piece, a memory, I think, of my family back home. And that’s something that I’ll keep with me in my crew quarters while I’m on board [the] space station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid, she said, she never really thought that becoming an astronaut was one of her goals. Only after joining the Marine Corps and flying F/A-18s did NASA become a possibility to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has a message to those coming in behind her: “Never discount yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t go after a dream or a goal and if you don’t try, you’re never going to make it. You know, pursue that topic in school, ask for help, meet people that have done that job to learn more about it. You’ll grow so much as a child into an adult, and your interests will vary quite a bit,” she said. “And so it’s exciting to take this opportunity to just chase down all of those dreams and never discount yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nicole+Mann+becomes+first+Native+woman+to+go+to+space+with+latest+SpaceX+mission&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SpaceX launched its crewed space mission to the International Space Station on Wednesday. On board and heading the expedition as mission commander is Nicole Mann — the first Native American woman to go to space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s a Marine Corps pilot and NASA astronaut, as well as a member of the Wailacki tribe of \u003ca href=\"https://www.rvit.org/\">the Round Valley Indian Tribes\u003c/a>. Her milestone moment comes 20 years after John Herrington became the first Native American man to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nativepartnership.org/site/PageServer?pagename=aief_hist_nna_johnherrington\">walk in space, in 2002\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann’s Crew-5 mission aboard the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. Also on board is Josh Cassada, Anna Kikina and Koichi Wakata. All four are traveling to the International Space Station for a six-month mission, during which they plan to conduct more than 200 experiments, which will include spacewalks and 3D-printing human tissue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927892\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11927892\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/nicole-mann2022_custom-ee98af8677e1b7702224f6aafea7fff35edf76ef.jpg\" alt=\"Nicole Mann, a Native American woman, sits posing for the camera in NASA uniform, smiling.\" width=\"200\" height=\"245\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/nicole-mann2022_custom-ee98af8677e1b7702224f6aafea7fff35edf76ef.jpg 200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/nicole-mann2022_custom-ee98af8677e1b7702224f6aafea7fff35edf76ef-160x196.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nicole Mann \u003ccite>(Robert Markowitz/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/22/1118843610/nicole-mann-will-be-the-1st-native-woman-in-space\">Mann detailed some of the crew’s plans\u003c/a> to NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> this past summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she hoped her trip to space can encourage younger generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These young women, maybe Natives, maybe people from different backgrounds that realize that they have these opportunities and [that] potentially these barriers that used to be there are starting to be broken down,” she said. “And so hopefully that will inspire that younger generation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann, who is originally from California, said she planned to take some items from home with her on her long journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do have some personal mementos, you know, jewelry charms that I plan to bring. And then I do have this dream catcher that my mother gave me long ago,” she said. “And that’s always just, you know, a little bit, a piece, a memory, I think, of my family back home. And that’s something that I’ll keep with me in my crew quarters while I’m on board [the] space station.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid, she said, she never really thought that becoming an astronaut was one of her goals. Only after joining the Marine Corps and flying F/A-18s did NASA become a possibility to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has a message to those coming in behind her: “Never discount yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t go after a dream or a goal and if you don’t try, you’re never going to make it. You know, pursue that topic in school, ask for help, meet people that have done that job to learn more about it. You’ll grow so much as a child into an adult, and your interests will vary quite a bit,” she said. “And so it’s exciting to take this opportunity to just chase down all of those dreams and never discount yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated October 4, 2022 at 1:56 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk now wants to go through with his original offer to buy Twitter for the previously agreed upon price, a source close to the deal tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billionaire Tesla CEO sent a letter to Twitter Monday night, the person said, which could put an end to the knock-down, drag-out legal fight over the merger that he tried to abandon in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news, first reported by Bloomberg, sent shares of the struggling social media company soaring 13% before the Nasdaq halted trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk had agreed to buy Twitter for $54.20 per share, or about $44 billion, in May, but then tried to back out of the deal after the company’s value sank, along with other tech stocks and the broader market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter sued to force Musk to abide by the deal. A trial is scheduled to begin in less than two weeks. It’s now up to the company to accept Musk’s renewed offer or force the billionaire to go to court in an effort to seal the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for Musk and Twitter didn’t respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A tumultuous courtship Twitter never sought\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Musk and Twitter have been at odds almost since Musk first revealed his interest in the company in early April. In the course of just a few months, Musk went from being Twitter’s largest individual shareholder to would-be board member to unsolicited bidder to unwilling buyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, which never put itself up for sale in the first place, found itself in the awkward position of trying to force Musk to buy it, even as it acknowledged the specter of his ownership was causing disruption to its already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/23/1094324614/twitter-elon-musk-old-problems\">struggling business\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"elon-musk\"]Along the way, Musk has used his Twitter account – which now boasts nearly 108 million followers – to mock the company, critique its products, attack its executives and keep the world guessing about what he’d do next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billionaire began buying Twitter shares in January. By spring, he’d become its biggest individual shareholder, but delayed notifying regulators or the public until early April. At that point, he told Twitter he saw three options: join its board, buy the company and take it private, or start a competing social network, according to Twitter’s lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After accepting and then reneging an invitation to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/11/1091969075/elon-musk-will-not-join-twitter-board\">join the company’s board\u003c/a>, Musk made an unsolicited offer to buy Twitter for $54.20 a share, or about $44 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter initially resisted, adopting a so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/19/1093408513/twitter-elon-musk-explainer-investors-shareholders\">“poison pill”\u003c/a> to slow down Musk’s advances and give the board and management time to evaluate his offer against other prospects. Musk started tweeting veiled references to making a tender offer directly to Twitter shareholders to get his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094604406/twitter-elon-musk-deal\">agreed to sell\u003c/a> to Musk in late April. The company and Musk signed a deal in which Musk waived any further due diligence, pledged tens of billions of his own money, and promised not to use his Twitter megaphone to disparage the company. The deal included another important protection for Twitter: it said if Musk tried to back out, with few exceptions, the company could take him to court to force him to complete the purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Musk’s change-of-heart led to high-stakes legal battle, with trial scheduled for this month\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ink was barely dry on the agreement when Musk began suggesting he had cold feet. When he struck the deal, he said one of his goals in owning Twitter was to clean up its longstanding problems with spam and automated bot accounts. Soon, he began saying he didn’t want to buy Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/13/1098741154/elon-musk-twitter-deal-hold-pause\">because of the bots\u003c/a> – and accused the company of misleading him and the public about the scale of the problem. (Twitter has for years said it estimates about 5% of daily users are not real people.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early July, he announced he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/08/1110539504/twitter-elon-musk-deal-jeopardy\">terminating the deal\u003c/a>, citing his concerns over Twitter’s user numbers and his allegations that Twitter deceived him. Twitter hit back two days later with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/12/1111032233/elon-musk-twitter-lawsuit-deal\">lawsuit\u003c/a> seeking to hold Musk to the terms of the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter accused Musk of suffering from buyer’s remorse, noting that the stock market rout since the deal was signed made the price Musk had agreed to pay look high and dented the value of his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/26/1094870412/tesla-shares-sink-twitter-elon-musk\">Tesla stake\u003c/a> – his primary source of wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company argued Musk’s claims about bots were irrelevant to the question of whether he broke the legal agreement, which made no mention of how many accounts on Twitter aren’t real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Musk amended his legal argument in August, after Twitter’s former security chief filed a federal complaint contending Twitter was putting users’ privacy and sensitive company information at risk through lax security practices. (Twitter has called the allegations inaccurate, inconsistent and opportunistic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s reversal comes after an unusually eventful discovery phase of the case, in which attorneys for both sides filed more than a hundred subpoenas and took dozens of depositions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal emails and texts were beginning to pour out of the case, including a cache of Musk’s texts in which some of the richest, most powerful, boldface names in Silicon Valley begged to get in on the deal, handed out free advice and generally kissed up to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk is scheduled to sit for a deposition this week. A five-day trial is slated to begin Oct. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+says+he%27s+willing+to+buy+Twitter+after+all&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated October 4, 2022 at 1:56 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk now wants to go through with his original offer to buy Twitter for the previously agreed upon price, a source close to the deal tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billionaire Tesla CEO sent a letter to Twitter Monday night, the person said, which could put an end to the knock-down, drag-out legal fight over the merger that he tried to abandon in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news, first reported by Bloomberg, sent shares of the struggling social media company soaring 13% before the Nasdaq halted trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk had agreed to buy Twitter for $54.20 per share, or about $44 billion, in May, but then tried to back out of the deal after the company’s value sank, along with other tech stocks and the broader market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter sued to force Musk to abide by the deal. A trial is scheduled to begin in less than two weeks. It’s now up to the company to accept Musk’s renewed offer or force the billionaire to go to court in an effort to seal the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for Musk and Twitter didn’t respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A tumultuous courtship Twitter never sought\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Musk and Twitter have been at odds almost since Musk first revealed his interest in the company in early April. In the course of just a few months, Musk went from being Twitter’s largest individual shareholder to would-be board member to unsolicited bidder to unwilling buyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, which never put itself up for sale in the first place, found itself in the awkward position of trying to force Musk to buy it, even as it acknowledged the specter of his ownership was causing disruption to its already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/23/1094324614/twitter-elon-musk-old-problems\">struggling business\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Along the way, Musk has used his Twitter account – which now boasts nearly 108 million followers – to mock the company, critique its products, attack its executives and keep the world guessing about what he’d do next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billionaire began buying Twitter shares in January. By spring, he’d become its biggest individual shareholder, but delayed notifying regulators or the public until early April. At that point, he told Twitter he saw three options: join its board, buy the company and take it private, or start a competing social network, according to Twitter’s lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After accepting and then reneging an invitation to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/11/1091969075/elon-musk-will-not-join-twitter-board\">join the company’s board\u003c/a>, Musk made an unsolicited offer to buy Twitter for $54.20 a share, or about $44 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter initially resisted, adopting a so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/19/1093408513/twitter-elon-musk-explainer-investors-shareholders\">“poison pill”\u003c/a> to slow down Musk’s advances and give the board and management time to evaluate his offer against other prospects. Musk started tweeting veiled references to making a tender offer directly to Twitter shareholders to get his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/25/1094604406/twitter-elon-musk-deal\">agreed to sell\u003c/a> to Musk in late April. The company and Musk signed a deal in which Musk waived any further due diligence, pledged tens of billions of his own money, and promised not to use his Twitter megaphone to disparage the company. The deal included another important protection for Twitter: it said if Musk tried to back out, with few exceptions, the company could take him to court to force him to complete the purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Musk’s change-of-heart led to high-stakes legal battle, with trial scheduled for this month\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ink was barely dry on the agreement when Musk began suggesting he had cold feet. When he struck the deal, he said one of his goals in owning Twitter was to clean up its longstanding problems with spam and automated bot accounts. Soon, he began saying he didn’t want to buy Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/13/1098741154/elon-musk-twitter-deal-hold-pause\">because of the bots\u003c/a> – and accused the company of misleading him and the public about the scale of the problem. (Twitter has for years said it estimates about 5% of daily users are not real people.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early July, he announced he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/08/1110539504/twitter-elon-musk-deal-jeopardy\">terminating the deal\u003c/a>, citing his concerns over Twitter’s user numbers and his allegations that Twitter deceived him. Twitter hit back two days later with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/12/1111032233/elon-musk-twitter-lawsuit-deal\">lawsuit\u003c/a> seeking to hold Musk to the terms of the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter accused Musk of suffering from buyer’s remorse, noting that the stock market rout since the deal was signed made the price Musk had agreed to pay look high and dented the value of his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/26/1094870412/tesla-shares-sink-twitter-elon-musk\">Tesla stake\u003c/a> – his primary source of wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company argued Musk’s claims about bots were irrelevant to the question of whether he broke the legal agreement, which made no mention of how many accounts on Twitter aren’t real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Musk amended his legal argument in August, after Twitter’s former security chief filed a federal complaint contending Twitter was putting users’ privacy and sensitive company information at risk through lax security practices. (Twitter has called the allegations inaccurate, inconsistent and opportunistic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s reversal comes after an unusually eventful discovery phase of the case, in which attorneys for both sides filed more than a hundred subpoenas and took dozens of depositions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal emails and texts were beginning to pour out of the case, including a cache of Musk’s texts in which some of the richest, most powerful, boldface names in Silicon Valley begged to get in on the deal, handed out free advice and generally kissed up to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk is scheduled to sit for a deposition this week. A five-day trial is slated to begin Oct. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+says+he%27s+willing+to+buy+Twitter+after+all&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a tumultuous term that ended in June, the U.S. Supreme Court returns Monday to officially open a second potentially stormy term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be hard to beat last term’s sustained and dramatic turn to the right, which included most prominently the overturning of a half century of precedents that had guaranteed women the right to terminate most pregnancies. But the court may well rock the boat again, despite the fact that it finds its approval ratings plummeting to historic lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much so that Chief Justice John Roberts sought to defend the court’s legitimacy while speaking to a conference of judges and lawyers in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Decisions have always been subject to intense criticism, and that is entirely appropriate,” he said, “but lately, the criticism is phrased in terms of … the legitimacy of the court.” That, he said is “a mistake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the job of the court to say what the law is, he said, “and that role doesn’t change simply because people disagree with this opinion or that opinion.” After all, he said, “You don’t want the political branches telling you what the law is, and you don’t want public opinion to be the guide of what the appropriate decision is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A dissenting view from Justice Kagan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Justice Elena Kagan pointedly disagreed with some of what Roberts said, noting in three separate appearances that in her view a court’s legitimacy has to be earned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11917776,news_11917650,news_11910550\"]Precedent should only be reversed in the rarest of cases, she said at Northwestern’s Pritzker School of Law. Precedent, she said, is a “foundation stone of law,” a doctrine of stability that “tells people they can rely on the law.” But if, “all of a sudden everything is up for grabs, all of a sudden very fundamental principles of law are being overthrown … then people have a right to say, ‘You know, what’s going on there? That doesn’t seem very law-like.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or as she put it at Salve Regina University in Rhode Island: “The court shouldn’t be wandering around just inserting itself into every hot-button issue in America, and it especially shouldn’t be doing that in a way that reflects one set of political views over another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kagan can see, probably better than the rest of us, that there may well be more dramatic right turns again this year on everything from affirmative action to voting rights, clean water regulations and an asserted First Amendment right to discriminate against same-sex couples in public accommodations. Indeed, the conservative court’s appetite for hot-button issues appears unabated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More hot-button issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The question of precedent will rear its head again this term in a case challenging the affirmative action programs at Harvard and the University of North Carolina. For more than four decades, the court has ruled that race may be one of many factors considered in college admissions. But the issue is back this term before a very different court. The starkest question is whether the previous decisions were grievously wrong, the same rationale the court majority used last term in overturning Roe v. Wade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the affirmative action case, the challengers’ case rests heavily on the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision outlawing segregation in public schools. In other words, affirmative action, they say, is a form of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also at the heart of a new challenge to a provision of the Voting Rights Act. Since 2013, the court has struck down or neutered key provisions of the landmark 1965 law. And it appears poised to do it again in a case that involves allegations that Alabama engaged in racial gerrymandering to limit the influence of African American voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also central in a challenge to the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act. Texas and a group of white adoptive parents are challenging the law because it mandates that where at all possible, Indian children are to be adopted or fostered in Indian homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two other huge cases before the court that will garner lots of attention. One is a test of civil rights laws that exist in most states requiring that when a commercial entity offers products or services to the public, the business may not discriminate based on race, religion, national origin or gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Challenging these laws is Lorie Smith, a web designer in Colorado who doesn’t want to make designs for same-sex couples because she asserts that would violate her religious principles. But the Supreme Court is not hearing the challenge on the basis of Smith’s claim to the free exercise of religion. Instead, the court has limited the case to Smith’s claim that the law violates her right to free expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Georgetown University’s Kelsi Corkran puts it, “if Smith is correct that there’s a free speech right to selectively choose her customers based on the messages she wants to endorse,” the law would also permit a white supremacist to deny services to people of color because that, too, “would be a message of endorsement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The fate of elections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last but certainly not least, the court will hear a major election law case involving the so-called independent state legislature theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current case, the North Carolina Supreme Court struck down a congressional redistricting plan on the grounds that it was an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander barred by the state constitution. The Republican leaders of the state Legislature challenged the state court decision. They contend it violates Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which states that “the times, places, and manner” of congressional elections “shall be prescribed in each state by the [state] legislature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument, in its most extreme form, would mean that no state court and no state agency could interfere with the state legislature’s version of election rules, regardless of the rules set down in the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents contend that would mean that state legislatures would be free to do almost anything they want, without any supervision by state courts, and without being able to delegate to local officials rules on how to run elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While state judges across the country frequently disagree, in this case the national Conference of Chief Justices, representing all the chief legal officers in the 50 states, has filed a brief opposing much of North Carolina’s argument. State judges, the group says, do have the power under the U.S. Constitution to review state election laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Supreme+Court+will+begin+a+new+term+with+more+contentious+cases+on+its+docket&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a tumultuous term that ended in June, the U.S. Supreme Court returns Monday to officially open a second potentially stormy term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be hard to beat last term’s sustained and dramatic turn to the right, which included most prominently the overturning of a half century of precedents that had guaranteed women the right to terminate most pregnancies. But the court may well rock the boat again, despite the fact that it finds its approval ratings plummeting to historic lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much so that Chief Justice John Roberts sought to defend the court’s legitimacy while speaking to a conference of judges and lawyers in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Decisions have always been subject to intense criticism, and that is entirely appropriate,” he said, “but lately, the criticism is phrased in terms of … the legitimacy of the court.” That, he said is “a mistake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the job of the court to say what the law is, he said, “and that role doesn’t change simply because people disagree with this opinion or that opinion.” After all, he said, “You don’t want the political branches telling you what the law is, and you don’t want public opinion to be the guide of what the appropriate decision is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A dissenting view from Justice Kagan\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Justice Elena Kagan pointedly disagreed with some of what Roberts said, noting in three separate appearances that in her view a court’s legitimacy has to be earned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Precedent should only be reversed in the rarest of cases, she said at Northwestern’s Pritzker School of Law. Precedent, she said, is a “foundation stone of law,” a doctrine of stability that “tells people they can rely on the law.” But if, “all of a sudden everything is up for grabs, all of a sudden very fundamental principles of law are being overthrown … then people have a right to say, ‘You know, what’s going on there? That doesn’t seem very law-like.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or as she put it at Salve Regina University in Rhode Island: “The court shouldn’t be wandering around just inserting itself into every hot-button issue in America, and it especially shouldn’t be doing that in a way that reflects one set of political views over another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kagan can see, probably better than the rest of us, that there may well be more dramatic right turns again this year on everything from affirmative action to voting rights, clean water regulations and an asserted First Amendment right to discriminate against same-sex couples in public accommodations. Indeed, the conservative court’s appetite for hot-button issues appears unabated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More hot-button issues\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The question of precedent will rear its head again this term in a case challenging the affirmative action programs at Harvard and the University of North Carolina. For more than four decades, the court has ruled that race may be one of many factors considered in college admissions. But the issue is back this term before a very different court. The starkest question is whether the previous decisions were grievously wrong, the same rationale the court majority used last term in overturning Roe v. Wade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the affirmative action case, the challengers’ case rests heavily on the Supreme Court’s 1954 decision outlawing segregation in public schools. In other words, affirmative action, they say, is a form of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also at the heart of a new challenge to a provision of the Voting Rights Act. Since 2013, the court has struck down or neutered key provisions of the landmark 1965 law. And it appears poised to do it again in a case that involves allegations that Alabama engaged in racial gerrymandering to limit the influence of African American voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Race is also central in a challenge to the 1978 Indian Child Welfare Act. Texas and a group of white adoptive parents are challenging the law because it mandates that where at all possible, Indian children are to be adopted or fostered in Indian homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two other huge cases before the court that will garner lots of attention. One is a test of civil rights laws that exist in most states requiring that when a commercial entity offers products or services to the public, the business may not discriminate based on race, religion, national origin or gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Challenging these laws is Lorie Smith, a web designer in Colorado who doesn’t want to make designs for same-sex couples because she asserts that would violate her religious principles. But the Supreme Court is not hearing the challenge on the basis of Smith’s claim to the free exercise of religion. Instead, the court has limited the case to Smith’s claim that the law violates her right to free expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Georgetown University’s Kelsi Corkran puts it, “if Smith is correct that there’s a free speech right to selectively choose her customers based on the messages she wants to endorse,” the law would also permit a white supremacist to deny services to people of color because that, too, “would be a message of endorsement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The fate of elections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last but certainly not least, the court will hear a major election law case involving the so-called independent state legislature theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the current case, the North Carolina Supreme Court struck down a congressional redistricting plan on the grounds that it was an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander barred by the state constitution. The Republican leaders of the state Legislature challenged the state court decision. They contend it violates Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which states that “the times, places, and manner” of congressional elections “shall be prescribed in each state by the [state] legislature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument, in its most extreme form, would mean that no state court and no state agency could interfere with the state legislature’s version of election rules, regardless of the rules set down in the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents contend that would mean that state legislatures would be free to do almost anything they want, without any supervision by state courts, and without being able to delegate to local officials rules on how to run elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While state judges across the country frequently disagree, in this case the national Conference of Chief Justices, representing all the chief legal officers in the 50 states, has filed a brief opposing much of North Carolina’s argument. State judges, the group says, do have the power under the U.S. Constitution to review state election laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Supreme+Court+will+begin+a+new+term+with+more+contentious+cases+on+its+docket&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Biden's Declaring the Pandemic 'Over' Complicates Efforts to Fight COVID",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden’s declaration that “the pandemic is over” could complicate the administration’s effort to battle COVID-19, public health experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden made the remarks in a Sunday broadcast of “60 Minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a problem with COVID. We’re still doing a lot of work on it. But the pandemic is over,” he said. “If you notice, no one’s wearing masks. Everybody seems to be in pretty good shape. And so I think it’s changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s comments come as public health officials are trying to convince Americans to get a new booster shot, and as the White House has worked unsuccessfully for months to convince Congress to provide more than $22 billion in new funding for the COVID-19 response. Since Sunday night, Republicans have already used his words to question vaccine mandates that are still in place for the nation’s military and other federally funded programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, nearly 400 Americans are dying each day of COVID, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailydeaths_select_00\">according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple public health experts called Biden’s remarks “unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the president of the U.S. saying the pandemic is over, why would people line up for their boosters? Why would Congress allocate additional funding for these other strategies and tools?” said Dr. Celine Gounder, an epidemiologist and senior fellow with the Kaiser Family Foundation. “I am profoundly disappointed. I think this is a real lack of leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The remarks could cause political difficulties\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The White House is currently fighting an uphill battle in Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/02/1120746237/white-house-ukraine-covid-19-monkeypox-supplemental-funding\">to secure $22.4 billion in emergency COVID-19 funding\u003c/a> to support vaccinations, testing and further research. Some Republican support is needed in the Senate to secure the funding, which the administration has been seeking since the spring. It has been hard to come by as some GOP lawmakers argue that there is still unspent money from earlier COVID-19 funding measures that can be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the funding request earlier this month, an official told reporters on a briefing call that there is not currently “enough funding to get through a surge in the fall.” The administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/29/1119880329/the-government-will-no-longer-be-sending-free-covid-19-tests-to-americans\">has already stopped the program to send free test kits to Americans\u003c/a> because of a lack of funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"covid-19\"]The president’s words could undercut the effort to get this money further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans are already using the statement to question the justification for ongoing pandemic measures, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mikepompeo/status/1571858080110968835\">the military’s vaccine requirement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepMaryMiller/status/1571851989046149127\">mandates for vaccines and masks in federally funded Head Start education programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biden admitted last night that the COVID pandemic is over. In other words, there is no ‘ongoing emergency’ to justify his proposal for student loan handouts,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarshaBlackburn/status/1571847319603093504\">said Sen. Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some public health experts agreed with Biden’s characterization of a “change” in the pandemic. “It is a reasonable thing to do as we collectively move on from this emergency footing that we’ve been on for the last couple of years, and try to navigate a new normal,” said Dr. Bob Wachter, chair of UCSF’s Department of Medicine. “It’s an appropriate way of thinking about the threat as it stands today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acknowledging the shift shouldn’t stand in the way of funds for COVID-related efforts, said Dr. Tom Frieden, who led the CDC during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a pandemic of Alzheimer’s disease or influenza or heart disease. But Congress still needs to fund programs to address those problems,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The ongoing booster campaign could face challenges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration’s public health leaders have sometimes struggled at times to present a clear, unified message about COVID-19. His administration has at times been criticized for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/01/07/1071449137/cdc-is-criticized-for-failing-to-communicate-promises-to-do-better\">a lack of communication\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/17/997422911/cdc-criticized-for-confusing-updated-mask-recommendation\">issuing guidance that seemingly conflicts with available data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the president’s remarks have thrown another wrench into the mix at a crucial moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has just rolled out a new bivalent booster shot designed to target the omicron subvariants that have dominated caseloads in the country in recent months, and the agency is working to convince Americans to go out and get it. (Since the CDC recommended the shot earlier this month, hundreds of thousands of Americans have received it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health officials have long struggled to convince Americans to get their shots. Only \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-additional-dose-totalpop\">68% of Americans completed their original vaccine course\u003c/a>, and fewer than half of those have gotten any booster shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most troubling are booster rates for people over 65, said Jennifer Nuzzo, the director of Brown University’s Pandemic Center. Data from the CDC show that while the vast majority of older Americans got the original vaccines, far fewer — only about a quarter — have also taken the two original boosters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do nothing else to reduce the number of deaths from COVID, we need to make sure that people who are at the greatest risk of severe illness and death — and that’s people over the age of 65 — that they get their booster,” Nuzzo said. “I don’t want to inadvertently send the signal that that’s not something they need to do anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other public health experts pointed to the winter, when a surge of new cases is likely as cold weather pushes socialization indoors, and holidays prompt people to travel to visit family and friends. A winter wave of cases will require tests, vaccines and other efforts to combat COVID, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say, let’s not declare the pandemic over,” said Dr. Carlos Del Rio, an infectious disease specialist at Emory University. “Let’s say that we’re in a very good place, and we need to continue working hard in order to stay in that good place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Biden%27s+declaring+the+pandemic+%27over%27+complicates+efforts+to+fight+COVID&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden’s declaration that “the pandemic is over” could complicate the administration’s effort to battle COVID-19, public health experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden made the remarks in a Sunday broadcast of “60 Minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a problem with COVID. We’re still doing a lot of work on it. But the pandemic is over,” he said. “If you notice, no one’s wearing masks. Everybody seems to be in pretty good shape. And so I think it’s changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s comments come as public health officials are trying to convince Americans to get a new booster shot, and as the White House has worked unsuccessfully for months to convince Congress to provide more than $22 billion in new funding for the COVID-19 response. Since Sunday night, Republicans have already used his words to question vaccine mandates that are still in place for the nation’s military and other federally funded programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, nearly 400 Americans are dying each day of COVID, \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_dailydeaths_select_00\">according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple public health experts called Biden’s remarks “unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the president of the U.S. saying the pandemic is over, why would people line up for their boosters? Why would Congress allocate additional funding for these other strategies and tools?” said Dr. Celine Gounder, an epidemiologist and senior fellow with the Kaiser Family Foundation. “I am profoundly disappointed. I think this is a real lack of leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The remarks could cause political difficulties\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The White House is currently fighting an uphill battle in Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/02/1120746237/white-house-ukraine-covid-19-monkeypox-supplemental-funding\">to secure $22.4 billion in emergency COVID-19 funding\u003c/a> to support vaccinations, testing and further research. Some Republican support is needed in the Senate to secure the funding, which the administration has been seeking since the spring. It has been hard to come by as some GOP lawmakers argue that there is still unspent money from earlier COVID-19 funding measures that can be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the funding request earlier this month, an official told reporters on a briefing call that there is not currently “enough funding to get through a surge in the fall.” The administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/29/1119880329/the-government-will-no-longer-be-sending-free-covid-19-tests-to-americans\">has already stopped the program to send free test kits to Americans\u003c/a> because of a lack of funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The president’s words could undercut the effort to get this money further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans are already using the statement to question the justification for ongoing pandemic measures, including \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mikepompeo/status/1571858080110968835\">the military’s vaccine requirement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepMaryMiller/status/1571851989046149127\">mandates for vaccines and masks in federally funded Head Start education programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biden admitted last night that the COVID pandemic is over. In other words, there is no ‘ongoing emergency’ to justify his proposal for student loan handouts,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarshaBlackburn/status/1571847319603093504\">said Sen. Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some public health experts agreed with Biden’s characterization of a “change” in the pandemic. “It is a reasonable thing to do as we collectively move on from this emergency footing that we’ve been on for the last couple of years, and try to navigate a new normal,” said Dr. Bob Wachter, chair of UCSF’s Department of Medicine. “It’s an appropriate way of thinking about the threat as it stands today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acknowledging the shift shouldn’t stand in the way of funds for COVID-related efforts, said Dr. Tom Frieden, who led the CDC during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have a pandemic of Alzheimer’s disease or influenza or heart disease. But Congress still needs to fund programs to address those problems,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The ongoing booster campaign could face challenges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration’s public health leaders have sometimes struggled at times to present a clear, unified message about COVID-19. His administration has at times been criticized for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/01/07/1071449137/cdc-is-criticized-for-failing-to-communicate-promises-to-do-better\">a lack of communication\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/17/997422911/cdc-criticized-for-confusing-updated-mask-recommendation\">issuing guidance that seemingly conflicts with available data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the president’s remarks have thrown another wrench into the mix at a crucial moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has just rolled out a new bivalent booster shot designed to target the omicron subvariants that have dominated caseloads in the country in recent months, and the agency is working to convince Americans to go out and get it. (Since the CDC recommended the shot earlier this month, hundreds of thousands of Americans have received it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But health officials have long struggled to convince Americans to get their shots. Only \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-additional-dose-totalpop\">68% of Americans completed their original vaccine course\u003c/a>, and fewer than half of those have gotten any booster shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most troubling are booster rates for people over 65, said Jennifer Nuzzo, the director of Brown University’s Pandemic Center. Data from the CDC show that while the vast majority of older Americans got the original vaccines, far fewer — only about a quarter — have also taken the two original boosters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do nothing else to reduce the number of deaths from COVID, we need to make sure that people who are at the greatest risk of severe illness and death — and that’s people over the age of 65 — that they get their booster,” Nuzzo said. “I don’t want to inadvertently send the signal that that’s not something they need to do anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and other public health experts pointed to the winter, when a surge of new cases is likely as cold weather pushes socialization indoors, and holidays prompt people to travel to visit family and friends. A winter wave of cases will require tests, vaccines and other efforts to combat COVID, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say, let’s not declare the pandemic over,” said Dr. Carlos Del Rio, an infectious disease specialist at Emory University. “Let’s say that we’re in a very good place, and we need to continue working hard in order to stay in that good place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Biden%27s+declaring+the+pandemic+%27over%27+complicates+efforts+to+fight+COVID&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In his senior year of high school, Emmett Chen-Ran decided to tell his parents he was transgender. He was grappling with a lot: Would they accept him? Would they be upset? Would they understand?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was another challenge too. Which language should he use to tell them — English or Chinese?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now 24 years old and living in San Francisco, Chen-Ran was born in China. When he was 5 years old, his family moved to New York. As a kid, he learned some Mandarin. One summer in elementary school, he and his mom, Yanfei Ran, spent almost every day watching cartoons, playing badminton and practicing Chinese. But as he got older, he mostly just retained enough of the language to do things like order food at a restaurant.\u003cbr>\n[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11899189,news_11744484,news_11438847\"]“I don’t think I’ve ever been prepared my entire life to give a soliloquy about my feelings in Chinese,” Chen-Ran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation was reversed for his parents. They’re both lawyers, and according to Chen-Ran, they mostly use English in the workplace. But they were much more comfortable speaking Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a way to find community when they got to the U.S., Chen-Ran’s parents immersed themselves in Christianity. And around the time Chen-Ran was in middle school, his parents sent him to summer Bible camp. One summer when he was there, Chen-Ran developed a crush on a fellow camper who was “super butch” and “super confident in being masculine.” But he was a bit perplexed — did he want to date them or be them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explored this question throughout high school, and by the beginning of his senior year, he was seriously considering hormone therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came time to talk to his parents about his gender, Chen-Ran was torn. He wanted to tell them in their native language, but he wasn’t sure he could find the right words. So he went with English — except for one word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he descended the stairs of his Long Island home, Chen-Ran pulled up the Google translation of “transgender” (biàn xìng, at the time) in Chinese, “just so I could ground that term in their cultural understanding of what it was.” The translation that shows up today is “Kuà xìngbié,” which directly translates to “transgender” — but at the time it was “biàn xìng,” which is more akin to the derogatory “transsexual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a single light on the dining room table lit, and the rest of the living room and dining room were dark,” he said. “And we were just sitting in the living room in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen-Ran told his parents, “I am biàn xìng,” adding, “I want to be a man.” (Chen-Ran knew that terminology wasn’t quite right, he said, but again — he wanted to “put it in terms of their understanding.”) Chen-Ran was trembling the entire time. “Not because I was scared to tell them, but because just the act of voicing these things was so uncomfortable for me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For dramatic effect, I was sort of like, ‘I might kill myself if I don’t transition,’” he said. “It wasn’t too much of a stretch to think my quality of life definitely would’ve been severely impacted if I wasn’t allowed to transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Chen-Ran had been having some doubts about his identity (researching online “How do I know that I’m trans for sure?”), he felt a sense of urgency when he came out to his parents. He worried that bringing up any of that doubt would give his parents an opportunity to delay his transition or stand in the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Emmett Chen-Ran\"]‘I’ve never gone in-depth with explaining why I think I’m trans beyond that initial coming-out talk, because I don’t really have the words for it. I feel like I could explain in English, but … I don’t think they would pick up on all the nuance of what I’m saying.’[/pullquote]He still vividly remembers how they responded to his announcement. His mom cried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was making this face that he does whenever any mention of, like, un-Christian things comes up,” Chen-Ran said. “It’s a twisting of the mouth and a furrowing of the brows. And he just looks very disgusted and uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after that day, Chen-Ran and his parents never really talked about it again. That conversation was the first and last time he spoke to his parents about his gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve honestly never gone in-depth with explaining why I think I’m trans beyond that initial coming-out talk, because I don’t really have the words for it,” he said. “I feel like I could explain in English, but I don’t want to, because I don’t think they would pick up on all the nuance of what I’m saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without knowing exactly what his parents thought about his gender, Chen-Ran was apprehensive about how they’d identify him in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after that initial conversation, he headed off to start college at Yale. On freshman move-in day, his parents were there, and he tried to keep them away from his roommates and their parents. But he braced himself for an awkward moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember before move-in day, in my head I was like, if they do slip up and call me ‘she’ and someone asks about it, I’ll just be like, ‘They’re just bad at English,’” he said with a laugh. “And I was like, I know I’d be sort of problematically throwing them under the bus as immigrants, but it’s life or death here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made it through move-in day relatively unscathed, but the uncertainty remained. To this day, the language barrier between Chen-Ran and his parents has made it difficult to know what they think of him. It’s been seven years since he told his parents he’s trans, and a lot has changed — he moved to San Francisco and works as a product manager now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he still sits with one question: Do his parents still view him as their daughter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11925501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1330px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11925501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2.jpg\" alt=\"a young child and and their mother plant a tree on a hillside with a banner with Chinese characters hanging behind them\" width=\"1330\" height=\"1774\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2.jpg 1330w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-1020x1361.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1330px) 100vw, 1330px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmett Chen-Ran and his mother, Yanfei Ran, planting a tree on a mountain in China in 2001 or 2002. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Emmett Chen-Ran)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tell, he says, because there are no gendered pronouns in spoken Chinese. So when his parents talk about him in Chinese, it’s not clear if they’re misgendering him. And in English, they misgender him constantly. But they also misgender a lot of other people, he said, even their close friends who are cisgender — because of the linguistic differences between Chinese and English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen-Ran’s mom, Yanfei Ran, confirmed this. She said she mixes up Chen-Ran’s pronouns because she’s not used to the differences. Chen-Ran didn’t want to talk directly to his mom for this story, but he was curious about what she would say, and said it was OK with him if we reached out to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I think it’s the language. In Chinese … when we mention ‘he’ or ‘she,’ we will use ‘ta’ as the same pronunciation,” Ran said. “So there’s no distinguishing between ‘he’ or ‘she.’ We will just use ‘ta.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But language isn’t the only barrier standing in the way of her understanding of Chen-Ran and his gender. Chen-Ran thinks part of the reason she cried when he first told her he’s trans is that she was afraid for his safety, especially when it came to hormone therapy and surgery. She confirmed that fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think health is the (biggest) concern for me,” Ran said. “Even now, I really think he’s just like destroying himself gradually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ran didn’t mention anything about the flip side — how surgery and hormone therapy helped her son’s mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her views about Chen-Ran’s gender are complicated, and they have changed somewhat over time. But she made one thing clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a mother, again, you just always want your child to be happy and to be supported. So even if we don’t support her idea, this family [will] always just tolerate her, or him, and always welcome him home,” Ran said, grappling with the pronouns in real time. “And this is his home, and I am his mother, forever. That’s the most important thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ideal world, Chen-Ran said he’d like to be able to confide in his parents the way he does with friends. He wants a relationship that would let him express both triumphs and doubts. He wants to be understood in all his complexity. But he has also come to terms with the possibility that he may never get that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m at a point in my life where, like, all of society basically sees me as my gender,” Chen-Ran said. “And so … it doesn’t really matter to me if they misgender me in their heads as long as I don’t feel the ramifications of that in our interactions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Chen-Ran wants to be able to talk to his parents about his gender identity the way he talks about it with his friends, right now it’s more important to him that they have a good relationship. It’s a “cherry on top,” he said, when his mom affirms his gender by using his pronouns correctly. But maybe it’s OK, right now, if they can’t yet find the words to fully understand each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally broadcast on NPR’s Code Switch. For more information on the linguistics of gender and pronouns in Chinese, check out the \u003ca href=\"https://www.genderinlanguage.com/mandarin\">Gender in Language Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I don’t think I’ve ever been prepared my entire life to give a soliloquy about my feelings in Chinese,” Chen-Ran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation was reversed for his parents. They’re both lawyers, and according to Chen-Ran, they mostly use English in the workplace. But they were much more comfortable speaking Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a way to find community when they got to the U.S., Chen-Ran’s parents immersed themselves in Christianity. And around the time Chen-Ran was in middle school, his parents sent him to summer Bible camp. One summer when he was there, Chen-Ran developed a crush on a fellow camper who was “super butch” and “super confident in being masculine.” But he was a bit perplexed — did he want to date them or be them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explored this question throughout high school, and by the beginning of his senior year, he was seriously considering hormone therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came time to talk to his parents about his gender, Chen-Ran was torn. He wanted to tell them in their native language, but he wasn’t sure he could find the right words. So he went with English — except for one word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he descended the stairs of his Long Island home, Chen-Ran pulled up the Google translation of “transgender” (biàn xìng, at the time) in Chinese, “just so I could ground that term in their cultural understanding of what it was.” The translation that shows up today is “Kuà xìngbié,” which directly translates to “transgender” — but at the time it was “biàn xìng,” which is more akin to the derogatory “transsexual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a single light on the dining room table lit, and the rest of the living room and dining room were dark,” he said. “And we were just sitting in the living room in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen-Ran told his parents, “I am biàn xìng,” adding, “I want to be a man.” (Chen-Ran knew that terminology wasn’t quite right, he said, but again — he wanted to “put it in terms of their understanding.”) Chen-Ran was trembling the entire time. “Not because I was scared to tell them, but because just the act of voicing these things was so uncomfortable for me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For dramatic effect, I was sort of like, ‘I might kill myself if I don’t transition,’” he said. “It wasn’t too much of a stretch to think my quality of life definitely would’ve been severely impacted if I wasn’t allowed to transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Chen-Ran had been having some doubts about his identity (researching online “How do I know that I’m trans for sure?”), he felt a sense of urgency when he came out to his parents. He worried that bringing up any of that doubt would give his parents an opportunity to delay his transition or stand in the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He still vividly remembers how they responded to his announcement. His mom cried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad was making this face that he does whenever any mention of, like, un-Christian things comes up,” Chen-Ran said. “It’s a twisting of the mouth and a furrowing of the brows. And he just looks very disgusted and uncomfortable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after that day, Chen-Ran and his parents never really talked about it again. That conversation was the first and last time he spoke to his parents about his gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve honestly never gone in-depth with explaining why I think I’m trans beyond that initial coming-out talk, because I don’t really have the words for it,” he said. “I feel like I could explain in English, but I don’t want to, because I don’t think they would pick up on all the nuance of what I’m saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without knowing exactly what his parents thought about his gender, Chen-Ran was apprehensive about how they’d identify him in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year after that initial conversation, he headed off to start college at Yale. On freshman move-in day, his parents were there, and he tried to keep them away from his roommates and their parents. But he braced himself for an awkward moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember before move-in day, in my head I was like, if they do slip up and call me ‘she’ and someone asks about it, I’ll just be like, ‘They’re just bad at English,’” he said with a laugh. “And I was like, I know I’d be sort of problematically throwing them under the bus as immigrants, but it’s life or death here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made it through move-in day relatively unscathed, but the uncertainty remained. To this day, the language barrier between Chen-Ran and his parents has made it difficult to know what they think of him. It’s been seven years since he told his parents he’s trans, and a lot has changed — he moved to San Francisco and works as a product manager now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he still sits with one question: Do his parents still view him as their daughter?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11925501\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1330px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11925501\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2.jpg\" alt=\"a young child and and their mother plant a tree on a hillside with a banner with Chinese characters hanging behind them\" width=\"1330\" height=\"1774\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2.jpg 1330w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-1020x1361.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/image2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1330px) 100vw, 1330px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emmett Chen-Ran and his mother, Yanfei Ran, planting a tree on a mountain in China in 2001 or 2002. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Emmett Chen-Ran)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tell, he says, because there are no gendered pronouns in spoken Chinese. So when his parents talk about him in Chinese, it’s not clear if they’re misgendering him. And in English, they misgender him constantly. But they also misgender a lot of other people, he said, even their close friends who are cisgender — because of the linguistic differences between Chinese and English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen-Ran’s mom, Yanfei Ran, confirmed this. She said she mixes up Chen-Ran’s pronouns because she’s not used to the differences. Chen-Ran didn’t want to talk directly to his mom for this story, but he was curious about what she would say, and said it was OK with him if we reached out to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I think it’s the language. In Chinese … when we mention ‘he’ or ‘she,’ we will use ‘ta’ as the same pronunciation,” Ran said. “So there’s no distinguishing between ‘he’ or ‘she.’ We will just use ‘ta.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But language isn’t the only barrier standing in the way of her understanding of Chen-Ran and his gender. Chen-Ran thinks part of the reason she cried when he first told her he’s trans is that she was afraid for his safety, especially when it came to hormone therapy and surgery. She confirmed that fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think health is the (biggest) concern for me,” Ran said. “Even now, I really think he’s just like destroying himself gradually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ran didn’t mention anything about the flip side — how surgery and hormone therapy helped her son’s mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her views about Chen-Ran’s gender are complicated, and they have changed somewhat over time. But she made one thing clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a mother, again, you just always want your child to be happy and to be supported. So even if we don’t support her idea, this family [will] always just tolerate her, or him, and always welcome him home,” Ran said, grappling with the pronouns in real time. “And this is his home, and I am his mother, forever. That’s the most important thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ideal world, Chen-Ran said he’d like to be able to confide in his parents the way he does with friends. He wants a relationship that would let him express both triumphs and doubts. He wants to be understood in all his complexity. But he has also come to terms with the possibility that he may never get that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m at a point in my life where, like, all of society basically sees me as my gender,” Chen-Ran said. “And so … it doesn’t really matter to me if they misgender me in their heads as long as I don’t feel the ramifications of that in our interactions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Chen-Ran wants to be able to talk to his parents about his gender identity the way he talks about it with his friends, right now it’s more important to him that they have a good relationship. It’s a “cherry on top,” he said, when his mom affirms his gender by using his pronouns correctly. But maybe it’s OK, right now, if they can’t yet find the words to fully understand each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally broadcast on NPR’s Code Switch. For more information on the linguistics of gender and pronouns in Chinese, check out the \u003ca href=\"https://www.genderinlanguage.com/mandarin\">Gender in Language Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Poverty and Uninsured Rates Drop, Thanks to Pandemic-Era Policies",
"title": "Poverty and Uninsured Rates Drop, Thanks to Pandemic-Era Policies",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Census Bureau released some heartening news Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child poverty is at a historic low, according to the bureau's \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/income-poverty-health-insurance-coverage.html\">annual report\u003c/a> on income, poverty and health insurance. And the rate of Americans without health insurance also dropped in 2021 compared to the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the good news may be short lived. Both gains were driven by temporary pandemic-related policies, and without action by policymakers, they could quickly unravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Child tax credit key to drop in poverty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Childhood poverty dropped substantially in 2021, falling from 9.7% in 2020 down to 5.2%. The overall poverty rate for all age groups was just under 8% — a decline from 9.2% in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These figures are based on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/11/07/142105558/new-measure-shows-higher-poverty-rate-in-u-s\">Supplemental Poverty Measure\u003c/a>, which takes into account all kinds of expenses families have, as well as that range of pandemic aid many families received.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sabrina Corlette, Georgetown University Center on Health Insurance Reforms\"]'As soon as the public health emergency is declared over – which could be as early as January – that safety net that was in that COVID relief bill goes away.'[/pullquote]\u003c/span>Poverty experts attribute much of this improvement to the child tax credit which Congress boosted in 2021 in the American Rescue Plan. Congress also expanded it to include millions more low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child tax credit gives families more money to spend on essentials, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/about/our-staff/sharon-parrott\">Sharon Parrott\u003c/a>, who has researched the issue for the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They spend it on their housing, food, education, they're able to do some of those extracurricular activities that high income families take for granted,\" she says. \"They are investing in their kids and their families are able to make ends meet in really important ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Parrott says all these things can have long term benefits for kids, like doing better in school and being healthier.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uninsured rate approaches record lows, thanks to Medicaid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The census numbers show 8.3% of Americans – or 27.2 million people – did not have any health insurance in 2021. That's an improvement from 2020, when 8.6% of people were uninsured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this trend is Medicaid, the public health insurance option for people with low incomes, according to census officials who briefed reporters Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason the Medicaid rates have increased is because of a COVID relief bill that Congress passed in March of 2020,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://chir.georgetown.edu/faculty_sabrina_corlette/\">Sabrina Corlette\u003c/a> of the Georgetown University Center on Health Insurance Reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Families First Coronavirus Response Act essentially mandated that state Medicaid programs not force enrollees to requalify for the program – so states could enroll new people but not kick anyone off. Because of this \"continuous enrollment provision,\" Medicaid has grown significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another area of growth was Medicare, though census officials noted that that's due to more people turning 65 and becoming eligible, not because of a policy change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens when pandemic measures end\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Policy experts say this week's good news may be fleeting. The expanded child tax credit ended in December, just as inflation was starting to climb to historic highs. The policy supporting more people getting health insurance is set to run out in a few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as the public health emergency is declared over – which could be as early as January – that safety net that was in that COVID relief bill goes away,\" says Corlette. \"And so we could see this historic increase in the rates of the insured be reversed.\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside label='Related Articles' tag='poverty']\u003c/span>More than 15 million people could lose Medicaid, according to an estimate from the Department of Health and Human Services \u003ca href=\"https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/60f0ac74ee06eb578d30b0f39ac94323/aspe-end-mcaid-continuous-coverage.pdf?_ga=2.168159075.310828479.1663022160-418932185.1663022160\">released last month\u003c/a>. The analysis suggests nearly half of those losing coverage will be because of administrative issues – such as challenges with filling out the paperwork to reapply – and not because they no longer qualify for coverage. Some will be able to get coverage elsewhere, but millions more may become uninsured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to poverty, inflation could start to affect these rates. In fact, one group already is seeing more poverty in the 2021 numbers and that is seniors. Census officials say this is likely because they're on fixed incomes, and already last year inflation was starting to tick up, really squeezing their budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, Census officials stressed that Social Security did keep more than 26 million people out of poverty, and that includes several million children being raised by grandparents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to hold on to temporary gains\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In terms of U.S. trends over time, the Census numbers released Tuesday on child poverty and health insurance are encouraging, experts say, and it's now up to policymakers to act to keep these gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any of the improvements that we see – whether it's insurance or poverty – are a reflection of political choices,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://government.cornell.edu/jamila-michener\">Jamila Michener\u003c/a> – a professor of government at Cornell and an expert on Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration and many Democrats would like to make the expanded child tax credit permanent. The U.S. House passed such a measure but it did not survive in the Senate. Several Republican Senators have proposed more limited ways to expand the child tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't know is the trade-offs,\" says Angela Rachidi, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. \"We know inflation increased dramatically over the past year. To what extent did all this government transfer of income contribute to that, I think, is still a question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers note that the U.S. has a long way to go with gains in health and insurance rates, when compared to similar high-income countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Among] our peer countries, we have one of the highest rates of uninsurance in the world and also poorer health outcomes,\" notes Corlette. \"And that's been an issue for us even before the pandemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13497/us-health-in-international-perspective-shorter-lives-poorer-health\">landmark study in 2013\u003c/a> enumerated the many ways Americans don't have as healthy or long lives as people do in similarly wealthy countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One striking illustration of this came with the new life expectancy numbers released two weeks ago. Countries all over the world had a drop in life expectancy after the first year of the pandemic, but many have been able to rebound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America has not – instead life expectancy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/08/31/1120192583/life-expectancy-in-the-u-s-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19\">dropped for two years\u003c/a> in a row, the first time that's happened in the U.S. in a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Census Bureau released some heartening news Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child poverty is at a historic low, according to the bureau's \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022/income-poverty-health-insurance-coverage.html\">annual report\u003c/a> on income, poverty and health insurance. And the rate of Americans without health insurance also dropped in 2021 compared to the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the good news may be short lived. Both gains were driven by temporary pandemic-related policies, and without action by policymakers, they could quickly unravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Child tax credit key to drop in poverty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Childhood poverty dropped substantially in 2021, falling from 9.7% in 2020 down to 5.2%. The overall poverty rate for all age groups was just under 8% — a decline from 9.2% in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These figures are based on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/11/07/142105558/new-measure-shows-higher-poverty-rate-in-u-s\">Supplemental Poverty Measure\u003c/a>, which takes into account all kinds of expenses families have, as well as that range of pandemic aid many families received.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>Poverty experts attribute much of this improvement to the child tax credit which Congress boosted in 2021 in the American Rescue Plan. Congress also expanded it to include millions more low-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child tax credit gives families more money to spend on essentials, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/about/our-staff/sharon-parrott\">Sharon Parrott\u003c/a>, who has researched the issue for the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They spend it on their housing, food, education, they're able to do some of those extracurricular activities that high income families take for granted,\" she says. \"They are investing in their kids and their families are able to make ends meet in really important ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Parrott says all these things can have long term benefits for kids, like doing better in school and being healthier.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uninsured rate approaches record lows, thanks to Medicaid\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The census numbers show 8.3% of Americans – or 27.2 million people – did not have any health insurance in 2021. That's an improvement from 2020, when 8.6% of people were uninsured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this trend is Medicaid, the public health insurance option for people with low incomes, according to census officials who briefed reporters Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason the Medicaid rates have increased is because of a COVID relief bill that Congress passed in March of 2020,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://chir.georgetown.edu/faculty_sabrina_corlette/\">Sabrina Corlette\u003c/a> of the Georgetown University Center on Health Insurance Reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Families First Coronavirus Response Act essentially mandated that state Medicaid programs not force enrollees to requalify for the program – so states could enroll new people but not kick anyone off. Because of this \"continuous enrollment provision,\" Medicaid has grown significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another area of growth was Medicare, though census officials noted that that's due to more people turning 65 and becoming eligible, not because of a policy change.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens when pandemic measures end\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Policy experts say this week's good news may be fleeting. The expanded child tax credit ended in December, just as inflation was starting to climb to historic highs. The policy supporting more people getting health insurance is set to run out in a few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as the public health emergency is declared over – which could be as early as January – that safety net that was in that COVID relief bill goes away,\" says Corlette. \"And so we could see this historic increase in the rates of the insured be reversed.\"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>More than 15 million people could lose Medicaid, according to an estimate from the Department of Health and Human Services \u003ca href=\"https://aspe.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/60f0ac74ee06eb578d30b0f39ac94323/aspe-end-mcaid-continuous-coverage.pdf?_ga=2.168159075.310828479.1663022160-418932185.1663022160\">released last month\u003c/a>. The analysis suggests nearly half of those losing coverage will be because of administrative issues – such as challenges with filling out the paperwork to reapply – and not because they no longer qualify for coverage. Some will be able to get coverage elsewhere, but millions more may become uninsured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to poverty, inflation could start to affect these rates. In fact, one group already is seeing more poverty in the 2021 numbers and that is seniors. Census officials say this is likely because they're on fixed incomes, and already last year inflation was starting to tick up, really squeezing their budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, Census officials stressed that Social Security did keep more than 26 million people out of poverty, and that includes several million children being raised by grandparents.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to hold on to temporary gains\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In terms of U.S. trends over time, the Census numbers released Tuesday on child poverty and health insurance are encouraging, experts say, and it's now up to policymakers to act to keep these gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any of the improvements that we see – whether it's insurance or poverty – are a reflection of political choices,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://government.cornell.edu/jamila-michener\">Jamila Michener\u003c/a> – a professor of government at Cornell and an expert on Medicaid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration and many Democrats would like to make the expanded child tax credit permanent. The U.S. House passed such a measure but it did not survive in the Senate. Several Republican Senators have proposed more limited ways to expand the child tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we don't know is the trade-offs,\" says Angela Rachidi, a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute. \"We know inflation increased dramatically over the past year. To what extent did all this government transfer of income contribute to that, I think, is still a question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some researchers note that the U.S. has a long way to go with gains in health and insurance rates, when compared to similar high-income countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Among] our peer countries, we have one of the highest rates of uninsurance in the world and also poorer health outcomes,\" notes Corlette. \"And that's been an issue for us even before the pandemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13497/us-health-in-international-perspective-shorter-lives-poorer-health\">landmark study in 2013\u003c/a> enumerated the many ways Americans don't have as healthy or long lives as people do in similarly wealthy countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One striking illustration of this came with the new life expectancy numbers released two weeks ago. Countries all over the world had a drop in life expectancy after the first year of the pandemic, but many have been able to rebound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America has not – instead life expectancy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/08/31/1120192583/life-expectancy-in-the-u-s-continues-to-drop-driven-by-covid-19\">dropped for two years\u003c/a> in a row, the first time that's happened in the U.S. in a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The first time James “Spinner” Spinosa saw a driverless machine pick up a massive shipping container and move it through a shipyard was during a trip to Rotterdam in 1989.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was amazed, and in equal measures, alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rising star in the West Coast dockworkers union, his mind went immediately to his union brothers and sisters back home – truck drivers and crane operators – whose jobs would be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that wasn’t all. The same day, Spinosa peeked through an open door into a room that was not part of the tour.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Robert Cherny, historian and author\"]‘Instead of having 75 or 90 men working on a ship, you might have many fewer, 10 or so, able to do the same amount of work or more work.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lo and behold, here was about six or eight people on computers, interfacing with what they were showing us in the yard,” he says. “I knew then, this was major changes. We have to get this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Machines don’t pay taxes”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fast forward 33 years. Automation poses a bigger threat to union jobs now than ever before. Three terminals at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are now partly or fully automated, and several more are contemplating it. It’s become the hot-button issue in the contract negotiations between dockworkers and the shipping industry that started in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now retired, Spinosa takes a forward-looking view, believing the union must look for the jobs of tomorrow to avoid being left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the waterfront, current union dockworkers fear giving up any more ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These machines don’t pay taxes. They don’t help our local economy. They don’t help with infrastructure,” says Yvette Bjazevic, who’s worked on the docks for 20 years. “We should all be outraged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Spinosa’s take on the future is shaped by his experiences leading the International Longshore and Warehouse Union through tumultuous times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than block technological advancements, Spinosa doubled down on the fight for union jobs. Whatever technology was being used on the docks, he wanted to make sure that union workers were there, ready to take on new roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an approach similar to one the ILWU has embraced almost since its founding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Hooks used to bring in crates of fruit. Now cranes haul massive shipping containers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Spinosa followed his uncles to the waterfront in 1969, when the ships crossing the ocean were much smaller — like rowboats, he jokes — and most cargo was still handled by hand. Longshoremen used different types of hooks for different types of cargo, be it crates of fruit, bales of cotton, or sacks of borax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old-timers that we worked with, they would take you under their wing, and they would show you how to actually handle cargo, stow cargo properly, and stay safe,” Spinosa recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that all changed with the advent of shipping containers, the colorful steel boxes that are now standard across the global shipping industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A controversial agreement\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>No longer were gangs of longshoremen needed in the holds of ships. A single crane operator could lift entire containers full of goods at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of having 75 or 90 men working on a ship, you might have many fewer, 10 or so, able to do the same amount of work or more work,” says historian Robert Cherny, author of an upcoming biography of the ILWU’s longtime president Harry Bridges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union had foreseen the threat to jobs then. In the 1960s, Bridges negotiated a controversial agreement. The union would accept the use of containers and cranes and other forms of mechanization as long as there was something in it for the workers. Above all, guaranteed wages — regardless of whether there was work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far back as the late 1930s, early 1940s, the union had always said they were willing that the employers would introduce labor-saving machinery, but that the union had to be consulted, and the union had to essentially get a piece of it,” says Cherny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinosa sums it up this way: Union dockworkers would go along with mechanization, as long as mechanization took them along.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Whatever work is necessary for the future, hopefully we’re there and we’re doing it”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Spinosa clung to that basic tenet throughout his career. In the 1980s, he accepted that computers were bringing efficiencies to the work of marine clerks, who had for decades mapped out the movement of containers by hand. But he fought to ensure that a union worker would be in front of those computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as equipment needs to be moved on the terminals, it’s done by the ILWU,” he says. “The problem arises when it becomes robotic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinosa worries that the union doesn’t know enough about the technology being brought to the ports today to fight for the jobs that may come open tomorrow. Employers in the shipping industry are not exactly opening their doors and announcing new positions, he says. It’s up to the union to figure it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to have an offensive posture. We have to go find those jobs,” he says. “We have to understand this industry like never before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s urged the union to bring on experts in automation to figure out who’s sitting at all the computers and what exactly they’re doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how we’re going to try to protect the industry, so that whatever work is necessary for the future, hopefully we’re there and we’re doing it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Retired+labor+leader+says+his+former+union+must+think+outside+the+box+to+save+jobs&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lo and behold, here was about six or eight people on computers, interfacing with what they were showing us in the yard,” he says. “I knew then, this was major changes. We have to get this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Machines don’t pay taxes”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fast forward 33 years. Automation poses a bigger threat to union jobs now than ever before. Three terminals at the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach are now partly or fully automated, and several more are contemplating it. It’s become the hot-button issue in the contract negotiations between dockworkers and the shipping industry that started in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now retired, Spinosa takes a forward-looking view, believing the union must look for the jobs of tomorrow to avoid being left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the waterfront, current union dockworkers fear giving up any more ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These machines don’t pay taxes. They don’t help our local economy. They don’t help with infrastructure,” says Yvette Bjazevic, who’s worked on the docks for 20 years. “We should all be outraged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Spinosa’s take on the future is shaped by his experiences leading the International Longshore and Warehouse Union through tumultuous times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than block technological advancements, Spinosa doubled down on the fight for union jobs. Whatever technology was being used on the docks, he wanted to make sure that union workers were there, ready to take on new roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an approach similar to one the ILWU has embraced almost since its founding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Hooks used to bring in crates of fruit. Now cranes haul massive shipping containers\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Spinosa followed his uncles to the waterfront in 1969, when the ships crossing the ocean were much smaller — like rowboats, he jokes — and most cargo was still handled by hand. 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A single crane operator could lift entire containers full of goods at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of having 75 or 90 men working on a ship, you might have many fewer, 10 or so, able to do the same amount of work or more work,” says historian Robert Cherny, author of an upcoming biography of the ILWU’s longtime president Harry Bridges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union had foreseen the threat to jobs then. In the 1960s, Bridges negotiated a controversial agreement. The union would accept the use of containers and cranes and other forms of mechanization as long as there was something in it for the workers. Above all, guaranteed wages — regardless of whether there was work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far back as the late 1930s, early 1940s, the union had always said they were willing that the employers would introduce labor-saving machinery, but that the union had to be consulted, and the union had to essentially get a piece of it,” says Cherny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinosa sums it up this way: Union dockworkers would go along with mechanization, as long as mechanization took them along.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“Whatever work is necessary for the future, hopefully we’re there and we’re doing it”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Spinosa clung to that basic tenet throughout his career. In the 1980s, he accepted that computers were bringing efficiencies to the work of marine clerks, who had for decades mapped out the movement of containers by hand. 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"content": "\u003cp>Citing searing summer temperatures and expected energy shortages, California lawmakers approved legislation aimed at extending the life of the state’s last-operating nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Diablo Canyon plant – the state’s largest single source of electricity – had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/21/482997213/californias-last-nuclear-power-plant-to-be-shut-down\">slated to shutter\u003c/a> by 2025. The last-minute proposal passed by the state legislature early Thursday could keep it open five years longer, in part by giving the plant’s owner, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), a $1.4 billion forgivable loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, like other U.S. states and countries, has been struggling to reduce its climate-warming emissions while adapting to a rapidly warming world. Record-breaking heat waves have stressed the state’s increasingly carbon-free electrical grid in recent years, triggering rolling blackouts as recently as 2020. Grid operators, fearing a similar crash, issued a statewide alert to conserve energy last month.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"diablo-canyon\"]The state has set the goal of getting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/10/646373423/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-renewable-electric-power-by-2045\">100 percent\u003c/a> of its electricity from clean and renewable sources by 2045. Advocates for Diablo Canyon claim that target will be difficult to achieve without the 2,250 megawatt nuclear power plant. Diablo Canyon generated \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/california-electricity-data/2021-total-system-electric-generation\">nearly 9 percent\u003c/a> of the state’s electricity last year and roughly 15 percent of the state’s clean energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maintaining operations at Diablo Canyon will keep our power on while preventing millions of tons of carbon from being released into the atmosphere,” said Isabelle Boemeke of the group Save Clean Energy. “This is a true win-win for the people of California and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuclear power has seen a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/30/1108264499/nuclear-power-gains-support-years-decline-hurdles\">resurgence\u003c/a> in recent years as the climate crisis has worsened and governments increase efforts to cut climate-warming emissions. The Biden administration launched a $6 billion effort earlier this year aimed at keeping the country’s aging nuclear plants running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have no doubt, President Biden is serious about doing everything possible to get the U.S. to be powered by clean energy,” Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Kathryn Huff told attendees at a nuclear energy assembly in Washington, D.C., earlier this summer. “Nuclear energy is really essential to this,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly one-fifth of the country’s electricity comes from nuclear power plants. That’s as much as all other clean energy sources combined. But nuclear power isn’t without its warts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite decades of debate and billions of dollars spent, the U.S. still does not have a permanent storage site for its growing amount of nuclear waste. Diablo Canyon, located on California’s Central Coast, sits near several seismic fault lines, inspiring long-held fears of a nuclear disaster similar to the kind experienced in Fukushima, Japan in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has long maintained that Diablo Canyon is safe from tsunamis, earthquakes and flooding. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897239/californias-last-nuclear-plant-is-slated-to-close-in-2025-why-some-scientists-worry-thats-bad-news-for-carbon-emissions\">concerns remain\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juliet Christian-Smith, a regional director at the Union of Concerned Scientists estimates an earthquake-induced accident could cause more than $100 billion in damages and 10,000 cancer deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bill ignores the plant’s environmental impacts and vulnerability to earthquakes,” she said. “Safety cannot take a back seat in our quest to keep the lights on and reduce global warming emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill now heads to Governor Newsom’s desk where he’s expected to sign it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1119778975/california-lawmakers-extend-the-life-of-the-states-last-nuclear-power-plant\">This story was first published in NPR.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "While the Diablo Canyon plant was initially set to close in 2025, this bill would keep it running until 2030.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Citing searing summer temperatures and expected energy shortages, California lawmakers approved legislation aimed at extending the life of the state’s last-operating nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Diablo Canyon plant – the state’s largest single source of electricity – had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/21/482997213/californias-last-nuclear-power-plant-to-be-shut-down\">slated to shutter\u003c/a> by 2025. The last-minute proposal passed by the state legislature early Thursday could keep it open five years longer, in part by giving the plant’s owner, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), a $1.4 billion forgivable loan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, like other U.S. states and countries, has been struggling to reduce its climate-warming emissions while adapting to a rapidly warming world. Record-breaking heat waves have stressed the state’s increasingly carbon-free electrical grid in recent years, triggering rolling blackouts as recently as 2020. Grid operators, fearing a similar crash, issued a statewide alert to conserve energy last month.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The state has set the goal of getting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/10/646373423/california-sets-goal-of-100-percent-renewable-electric-power-by-2045\">100 percent\u003c/a> of its electricity from clean and renewable sources by 2045. Advocates for Diablo Canyon claim that target will be difficult to achieve without the 2,250 megawatt nuclear power plant. Diablo Canyon generated \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/california-electricity-data/2021-total-system-electric-generation\">nearly 9 percent\u003c/a> of the state’s electricity last year and roughly 15 percent of the state’s clean energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maintaining operations at Diablo Canyon will keep our power on while preventing millions of tons of carbon from being released into the atmosphere,” said Isabelle Boemeke of the group Save Clean Energy. “This is a true win-win for the people of California and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nuclear power has seen a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/30/1108264499/nuclear-power-gains-support-years-decline-hurdles\">resurgence\u003c/a> in recent years as the climate crisis has worsened and governments increase efforts to cut climate-warming emissions. The Biden administration launched a $6 billion effort earlier this year aimed at keeping the country’s aging nuclear plants running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Have no doubt, President Biden is serious about doing everything possible to get the U.S. to be powered by clean energy,” Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Energy Kathryn Huff told attendees at a nuclear energy assembly in Washington, D.C., earlier this summer. “Nuclear energy is really essential to this,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly one-fifth of the country’s electricity comes from nuclear power plants. That’s as much as all other clean energy sources combined. But nuclear power isn’t without its warts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite decades of debate and billions of dollars spent, the U.S. still does not have a permanent storage site for its growing amount of nuclear waste. Diablo Canyon, located on California’s Central Coast, sits near several seismic fault lines, inspiring long-held fears of a nuclear disaster similar to the kind experienced in Fukushima, Japan in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has long maintained that Diablo Canyon is safe from tsunamis, earthquakes and flooding. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897239/californias-last-nuclear-plant-is-slated-to-close-in-2025-why-some-scientists-worry-thats-bad-news-for-carbon-emissions\">concerns remain\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juliet Christian-Smith, a regional director at the Union of Concerned Scientists estimates an earthquake-induced accident could cause more than $100 billion in damages and 10,000 cancer deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bill ignores the plant’s environmental impacts and vulnerability to earthquakes,” she said. “Safety cannot take a back seat in our quest to keep the lights on and reduce global warming emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill now heads to Governor Newsom’s desk where he’s expected to sign it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1119778975/california-lawmakers-extend-the-life-of-the-states-last-nuclear-power-plant\">This story was first published in NPR.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
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