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"content": "\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/24/1226762641/faa-boeing-737-max-9-grounded-inspections-resume\">gave approval\u003c/a> this week for the Boeing 737 Max 9 to begin flying again, clearing the way for the planes to return to the skies as early as Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s decision on Wednesday came a little less than three weeks after part of the fuselage \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/06/1223280562/alaska-airlines-flight-emergency-landing-oregon\">blew out of an Alaska Airlines plane\u003c/a> at 16,000 feet shortly after departing from Portland International Airport. While the plane returned safely back and no one was seriously hurt, the incident rattled fliers and prompted the FAA to order an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/06/1223296736/boeing-737-max-9-planes-grounded\">immediate grounding and inspection \u003c/a>of 171 Boeing aircraft operated by U.S. airlines or in U.S. territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Robert Ditchey, aviation consultant\"]‘There’s always a subset of the flying public that is particularly concerned about incidents like this, and it affects their individual choices. People have lost confidence in Boeing in general.’[/pullquote]In its decision this week, the FAA said airlines can start bringing the 737 Max 9 back into service, but only after completing a “thorough inspection and maintenance process” outlined by the regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the agency’s green light, there are still many passengers who might have reservations about boarding a 737 Max 9. As the planes started coming back into service, here’s what you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Which carriers fly the Max 9?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>United and Alaska are the two U.S. carriers of the 737 Max 9, and account for about two-thirds of 215 models in service worldwide, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirium.com/solutions/fleets-analyzer/\">Cirium\u003c/a>, an airline analytics company. United has 79 of them in its fleet, and Alaska operates 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other airlines that fly the plane are Panama’s Copa Airlines, Aeromexico, Turkish Airlines, Icelandair, Flydubai and SCAT Airlines in Kazakhstan.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">How soon will they be back in the air?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines said in a statement on Wednesday that it expects the first of its Max 9 aircrafts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlaskaAir/status/1750326027270889756\">to return to passenger service\u003c/a> on Friday. And in a letter to United employees this week, the company’s chief operating officer, Toby Enqvist, said the carrier was preparing “to return to scheduled service beginning on Sunday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">\u003cstrong>Checking your flight status\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There’s always a subset of the flying public that is particularly concerned about incidents like this, and it affects their individual choices,” says aviation consultant Robert Ditchey. “People have lost confidence in Boeing in general.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11973255 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1153938828-2d45abca8f8698086de90a4445ac220ef8f1b9e8.jpg']If you want to find out if your next flight is on a Max 9, Ditchey says the booking site \u003ca href=\"https://www.kayak.com/\">Kayak\u003c/a> just introduced a way in which ticket buyers can eliminate and exclude the Max 9 from their search. After searching for their desired flight, users can uncheck the Max 9 model from their search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Websites such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.flightaware.com/\">FlightAware\u003c/a> also include plane information for specific flights. 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Once the flight is booked, the model is listed on the customer reservation under “Flight Details.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"United spokesperson\"]‘We’ll work with customers directly to ensure they feel comfortable flying. If they wish to change their flight, we’ll move them onto the next available flight.’[/pullquote]If a passenger prefers not to fly on a 737 9 Max, the airline currently points to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskaair.com/content/advisories/travel-advisories#system\">Flexible Travel Policy\u003c/a> that is in place through Jan. 31 for passengers to make other travel arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For guests who are not comfortable flying on a 737-9 MAX right now, we’ll work with them,” reads the \u003ca href=\"https://news.alaskaair.com/alaska-airlines/operations/as-1282/\">website\u003c/a>. “If they request it, we can move them to a different flight on another aircraft. We take great pride in our customer service and want everyone to have a great flight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airline says it will be extending its travel waiver through Feb. 2 shortly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After that, guests can call our Reservations team and we’ll put them on a different flight without an additional charge, which includes our Saver fares,” an Alaska spokesperson told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">United\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For United, passengers can typically find out the model plane that they’ll be traveling on when they go through the flight booking process — either online or through the United mobile app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll work with customers directly to ensure they feel comfortable flying. 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"content": "\u003cp>A New York jury on Friday ordered former President Donald Trump to pay a total of $83.3 million to E. Jean Carroll for ruining her credibility as an advice columnist when he called her a liar after she accused him of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury awarded Carroll $65 million in punitive damages, $11 million for the damage to her reputation and another $7.3 million. Trump is almost certain to appeal the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the size of the penalty, the verdict was not unexpected. Judge Lewis Kaplan ruled even before the trial that Trump had, in fact, defamed Carroll. The jury only had to decide how much Trump owed her — not if he was liable. This is the second time Trump has been ordered to pay Carroll; last year, he was mandated by a jury to pay $5 million for a separate instance of defamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"E. Jean Carroll\"]‘I sued to get my reputation back.’[/pullquote]In response, the Trump 2024 campaign issued a statement arguing, without offering evidence, that the trial is a “political weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely ridiculous!” the statement said. “I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury’s decision comes just days after Trump won the New Hampshire primary and became the GOP front-runner. The case is one of several involving Trump, who is also awaiting a verdict in a civil trial that could result in him paying at least $250 million to New York state for his business practices, which have been deemed by a judge to be fraudulent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He could also be prohibited from doing business in the state where he made his name as a real estate mogul. In all, Trump faces 91 charges in federal and state trials, ranging from the ones in New York to those at the federal level related to the Jan. 6 Capitol riot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What this case is about\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Carroll, an advice columnist and freelance writer, accused Trump of sexually assaulting her in the ’90s. The accusation, which was detailed in her book, was first previewed in a \u003cem>New York \u003c/em>magazine article. After the article’s publication, Trump issued two statements in response to reporters, including one in which he outright denied her claim and said she was “not my type.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Donald Trump\"]‘Absolutely ridiculous! I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.’[/pullquote]Carroll then sued Trump for defamation, arguing that his comments ruined her reputation as a trusted source in the media and resulted in a slew of insults and threatening messages, emails and comments to her social media accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Trump’s Attorney General Bill Barr blocked the lawsuit, arguing Trump had made the comments in his official capacity as president. This caused the lawsuit to be stuck in court for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Biden’s Justice Department reversed course and allowed the first lawsuit on defamation to move forward. In part because of the 2023 decision that had found Trump liable for assault, Judge Kaplan ruled that Trump had defamed Carroll in 2019 and that the former president was also liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What testimony showed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carroll herself was the first witness to take the stand — putting her face to face with Trump, who attended the first few days of the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll testified that she felt as if Trump calling her a liar “ended the world I had been living in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101895225 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/43/2023/12/iStock-535518816-1-1020x574.jpg']While she used to receive hundreds of emails asking for advice to her column email, she said, she now received fewer than 10 a month. Instead, she said, she received threats and insults. Carroll’s lawyer showed the jury several social media posts, messages and emails sent to Carroll in the days after Trump’s statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sued to get my reputation back,” Carroll said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s lawyer, Alina Habba, argued damages ought not be traced back to Trump himself. Habba also showed the jury several social media posts, but these were posted in the five-hour “gap” between Carroll’s allegations being published and Trump making the comments he is being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habba also focused on the praise and support Carroll received for her allegation and questioned the writer’s motive for suing and for deleting threats sent to her email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973902\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A white older man waves with a stern expression.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former U.S. President Donald Trump leaves Trump Tower for Manhattan federal court for the second defamation trial against him in New York City on Jan. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Charly Triballeau/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Trump doubled down on allegations Carroll is lying\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After weeks of vowing to take the witness stand in his defense, Trump finally did so on Jan. 25. But it was short-lived — only a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In testimony, he said he “100%” stood by his previous deposition. Asked by his lawyer if he ever instructed anyone to hurt Carroll, Trump said that he didn’t and just wanted to defend himself, his family and his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond his testimony, Trump was present for several days of the trial and was vocal about the case outside the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first day of testimony, he was reprimanded by Judge Kaplan for making comments during Carroll’s time on the stand. Carroll’s lawyers twice flagged that they could hear him and the jury might be able to as well. Kaplan warned Trump that his right to be present could be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also spoke out during campaign rallies in Iowa and New Hampshire and to reporters in New York about his belief this trial is election interference — often reiterating claims similar to those he was being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "E. Jean Carroll had sued former President Donald Trump for ruining her credibility as an advice columnist when he called her a liar after she accused him of sexual assault. Trump is expected to appeal the verdict.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A New York jury on Friday ordered former President Donald Trump to pay a total of $83.3 million to E. Jean Carroll for ruining her credibility as an advice columnist when he called her a liar after she accused him of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury awarded Carroll $65 million in punitive damages, $11 million for the damage to her reputation and another $7.3 million. Trump is almost certain to appeal the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the size of the penalty, the verdict was not unexpected. Judge Lewis Kaplan ruled even before the trial that Trump had, in fact, defamed Carroll. The jury only had to decide how much Trump owed her — not if he was liable. This is the second time Trump has been ordered to pay Carroll; last year, he was mandated by a jury to pay $5 million for a separate instance of defamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In response, the Trump 2024 campaign issued a statement arguing, without offering evidence, that the trial is a “political weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely ridiculous!” the statement said. “I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury’s decision comes just days after Trump won the New Hampshire primary and became the GOP front-runner. The case is one of several involving Trump, who is also awaiting a verdict in a civil trial that could result in him paying at least $250 million to New York state for his business practices, which have been deemed by a judge to be fraudulent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He could also be prohibited from doing business in the state where he made his name as a real estate mogul. In all, Trump faces 91 charges in federal and state trials, ranging from the ones in New York to those at the federal level related to the Jan. 6 Capitol riot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What this case is about\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Carroll, an advice columnist and freelance writer, accused Trump of sexually assaulting her in the ’90s. The accusation, which was detailed in her book, was first previewed in a \u003cem>New York \u003c/em>magazine article. After the article’s publication, Trump issued two statements in response to reporters, including one in which he outright denied her claim and said she was “not my type.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Carroll then sued Trump for defamation, arguing that his comments ruined her reputation as a trusted source in the media and resulted in a slew of insults and threatening messages, emails and comments to her social media accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Trump’s Attorney General Bill Barr blocked the lawsuit, arguing Trump had made the comments in his official capacity as president. This caused the lawsuit to be stuck in court for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Biden’s Justice Department reversed course and allowed the first lawsuit on defamation to move forward. In part because of the 2023 decision that had found Trump liable for assault, Judge Kaplan ruled that Trump had defamed Carroll in 2019 and that the former president was also liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What testimony showed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carroll herself was the first witness to take the stand — putting her face to face with Trump, who attended the first few days of the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll testified that she felt as if Trump calling her a liar “ended the world I had been living in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While she used to receive hundreds of emails asking for advice to her column email, she said, she now received fewer than 10 a month. Instead, she said, she received threats and insults. Carroll’s lawyer showed the jury several social media posts, messages and emails sent to Carroll in the days after Trump’s statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sued to get my reputation back,” Carroll said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s lawyer, Alina Habba, argued damages ought not be traced back to Trump himself. Habba also showed the jury several social media posts, but these were posted in the five-hour “gap” between Carroll’s allegations being published and Trump making the comments he is being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habba also focused on the praise and support Carroll received for her allegation and questioned the writer’s motive for suing and for deleting threats sent to her email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973902\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A white older man waves with a stern expression.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former U.S. President Donald Trump leaves Trump Tower for Manhattan federal court for the second defamation trial against him in New York City on Jan. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Charly Triballeau/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Trump doubled down on allegations Carroll is lying\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After weeks of vowing to take the witness stand in his defense, Trump finally did so on Jan. 25. But it was short-lived — only a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In testimony, he said he “100%” stood by his previous deposition. Asked by his lawyer if he ever instructed anyone to hurt Carroll, Trump said that he didn’t and just wanted to defend himself, his family and his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond his testimony, Trump was present for several days of the trial and was vocal about the case outside the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first day of testimony, he was reprimanded by Judge Kaplan for making comments during Carroll’s time on the stand. Carroll’s lawyers twice flagged that they could hear him and the jury might be able to as well. Kaplan warned Trump that his right to be present could be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also spoke out during campaign rallies in Iowa and New Hampshire and to reporters in New York about his belief this trial is election interference — often reiterating claims similar to those he was being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is recommending that airlines visually inspect the door plugs of more Boeing planes after a similar panel blew off a jet in midair earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/media/74751\">safety alert\u003c/a> issued late Sunday recommends that airlines operating Boeing’s 737-900ER jets inspect the door plugs “as soon as possible” to make sure they’re properly secured after some airlines reported unspecified issues with the bolts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 737-900ER is not part of Boeing’s newer Max series, but it has the same optional door plug design as the Boeing 737 Max 9, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 170 of the newer jets have been grounded since Jan. 5, when a door plug blew off a 737 Max 9 plane operated by Alaska Airlines. That plane had only been flying for a few months, according to investigators at the National Transportation Safety Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing 737-900ER model has over 11 million hours of operation and about four million flight cycles, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing delivered roughly 500 of the 737-900ER planes between 2007 and 2019. None have experienced significant problems with their door plugs, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA’s safety alert says some airlines have “noted findings with bolts during the maintenance inspections” of their 737-900ER planes but don’t elaborate on the findings. The agency says it continues to evaluate data involving the mid-cabin door plug and may order additional actions if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines, United Airlines and Delta Air Lines all say they have begun checking the door plugs on their fleets of 737-900ER planes. None of the carriers says they expected any disruption to their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators are still studying the data from initial inspections of 40 Max 9 jets while they work to develop final inspection instructions for the planes. The FAA says safety, not speed, will determine when the Max 9 can fly again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FAA+says+airlines+should+check+the+door+plugs+on+another+model+of+Boeing+plane+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is recommending that airlines visually inspect the door plugs of more Boeing planes after a similar panel blew off a jet in midair earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/media/74751\">safety alert\u003c/a> issued late Sunday recommends that airlines operating Boeing’s 737-900ER jets inspect the door plugs “as soon as possible” to make sure they’re properly secured after some airlines reported unspecified issues with the bolts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 737-900ER is not part of Boeing’s newer Max series, but it has the same optional door plug design as the Boeing 737 Max 9, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 170 of the newer jets have been grounded since Jan. 5, when a door plug blew off a 737 Max 9 plane operated by Alaska Airlines. That plane had only been flying for a few months, according to investigators at the National Transportation Safety Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing 737-900ER model has over 11 million hours of operation and about four million flight cycles, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing delivered roughly 500 of the 737-900ER planes between 2007 and 2019. None have experienced significant problems with their door plugs, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA’s safety alert says some airlines have “noted findings with bolts during the maintenance inspections” of their 737-900ER planes but don’t elaborate on the findings. The agency says it continues to evaluate data involving the mid-cabin door plug and may order additional actions if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines, United Airlines and Delta Air Lines all say they have begun checking the door plugs on their fleets of 737-900ER planes. None of the carriers says they expected any disruption to their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators are still studying the data from initial inspections of 40 Max 9 jets while they work to develop final inspection instructions for the planes. The FAA says safety, not speed, will determine when the Max 9 can fly again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FAA+says+airlines+should+check+the+door+plugs+on+another+model+of+Boeing+plane+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "So Far It's a Great Decade for Billionaires, Says New Report. As for the Masses ...",
"headTitle": "So Far It’s a Great Decade for Billionaires, Says New Report. As for the Masses … | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>“Billionaires, for many of them, times have never been better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/rebecca-riddell/\">Rebecca Riddell\u003c/a>, the policy lead for economic and racial justice at Oxfam America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’d put their money in a room in 2020, and then you came back at the end of 2023, you would have found that the wealth has grown enormously,” says Riddell. “Three times the rate of inflation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of billionaires is one of the key points in a new report from global charity Oxfam International titled “Inequality Inc.” It’s an annual publication issued to coincide with the meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, which begins on Monday, Jan. 15. Each year since 1971, government and business leaders have come to the Swiss mountain resort town to mull over the world’s problems and possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you might expect, the Oxfam findings have their skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Oxfam’s assertions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This latest \u003ca href=\"https://webassets.oxfamamerica.org/media/documents/UPDATED_full_English_Davos_2024_embargoed.pdf\">edition of the Oxfam report (PDF)\u003c/a> looks back over the last few years since 2020 and describes the growing unequal distribution of wealth as “the beginnings of a decade of division.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam spells out just how well billionaires are faring: “The world’s five richest men have more than doubled their fortunes from $405 billion to $869 billion since 2020 — at a rate of $14 million per hour — while nearly five billion people have been made poorer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In case you’re wondering, the top five are Bernard Arnault and his family, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffet, Larry Ellison and Elon Musk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might think there would be little that could surprise us,” says Oxfam’s Riddell. Indeed, their report in 2022 made a very similar point. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/02/08/1075509346/oxfam-blames-the-rich-for-the-pandemic-plight-of-the-poor-its-a-controversial-cl\">NPR’s headline observed\u003c/a>: “Oxfam says the rich got richer in the pandemic, and the wealth gap is killing the poor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s something different this time around, says Riddell. “The astronomical nature of gains at the very top since 2020 — during a time when so many suffered — really stood out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the report notes that for many “ordinary people” around the world, this decade has so far been tough going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It opened with a pandemic that devastated lives and economies,” says Riddell. “Add to that the challenges of a really prolonged cost-of-living crisis, climate breakdown and war. Progress against poverty has nearly stalled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Oxfam’s report, since 2020, almost five billion people have lost economic ground — that is, they’ve grown poorer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to the ultra-rich\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gulf between extreme wealth and extreme poverty has always been wide, says Riddell, yet in Oxfam’s view, in this decade, “the ultra-ultra-rich are pulling away from everyone else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of this wealth is concentrated in the Global North — in the U.S., Europe, Australia and parts of Asia. And Riddell says that mega-corporations there generate inequality by funneling profits upward to the ultra-rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By squeezing workers, by dodging taxes, they’re doing so at the expense of ordinary people,” she argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No corporation or individual should have this much power over our economies and our lives — to be clear, nobody should have a billion dollars,” says \u003ca href=\"https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/a/amitabh-behar\">Amitabh Behar\u003c/a>, Oxfam International’s interim executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Critics of the Oxfam thesis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No one disputes that the rich are getting richer, but some say Oxfam’s poverty analysis is a bit misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not such a fan of the five-billion-people-are-worse-off number,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cgdev.org/expert/charles-kenny\">Charles Kenny\u003c/a>, a senior fellow with the Center for Global Development think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11941322,news_11906414,news_11895687 label='Income Inequality']He says Oxfam arrived at their number of nearly 5 billion by computing people’s \u003cem>wealth\u003c/em>. It’s a calculation based on taking the value of everything someone owns and subtracting all their debts. But Kenny says there are well-off people in richer countries who may have borrowed money to go to law school, say, or buy a home. When calculating their wealth with all that debt, they may seem poorer by Oxfam’s measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not worse off in terms of their life outcomes,” explains Kenny. “They’re not worse off in terms of how much they can afford to eat or are they getting decent health care? They’ve just borrowed more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam pushes back, saying these moneyed individuals with debt represent a small fraction of the 5 billion who are worse off. Most “ordinary people,” they say, are really struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenny says if you consider the last two or three \u003cem>decades\u003c/em>, many of the poorest people in the world are actually \u003cem>better\u003c/em> off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at health,” he says, “worldwide life expectancy \u003ca href=\"https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/Line/900\">continues to go up\u003c/a>. If you look at education, the number of people in school continues to \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.NENR\">go\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.NENR\">up\u003c/a>. So if you look at all these measures of the quality of life, they paint a slightly more positive picture. Even though at the very top end, we have extreme concentrations of wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about those at the bottom of the economic ladder? “For the poorest people,” the report says, “who are more likely to be women, racialized peoples, and marginalized groups in every society, daily life has become more brutal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny doesn’t dispute that poverty remains a significant global problem: a total of 700 million people meet the World Bank definition of \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty\">extreme poverty\u003c/a> as someone who gets by on less than $2.15 per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you solve inequality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So what’s to be done about the unequal distribution of resources?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oxfam report offers a few ideas, like creating businesses based on fair trade and worker cooperatives instead of being structured around benefiting shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it says governments need to step up and better regulate business. “A more equal world is possible if governments shape the market to be fair,” says Riddell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to rein in corporate power directly and that includes breaking up monopolies, empowering workers, calling for a living wage, [and increasing] taxation on corporations and on the ultra-rich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Maxman, Oxfam America\"]‘We must stop normalizing extreme inequality. This is not by accident, but by design.’[/pullquote]Some argue that this approach doesn’t always work. “If you’re going to have tax policy that will redistribute income in favor of the poor, especially in favor of the global poor, you’re going to find it very difficult,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.weber.edu/goddard/John_Mbaku.html\">John Mukum Mbaku\u003c/a>, an economist at Weber State University who’s originally from Cameroon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for that difficulty, explains Mbaku, is that the wealthy tend to be politically engaged and use campaign contributions to influence policy-making. Instead, he argues that governments should invest in improved public services to propel people out of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that improving access to free or low-cost education and medical care, nutritious food, clean water and basic sanitation can put someone on the road to employment and economic self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering education more closely, Mbaku says large numbers of children in Africa, many of them girls, are unable to go to school. “In many African countries,” he says, “because of traditions and cultures, girls are not favored when it comes to education and training. Boys are favored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen firsthand that there are either no schools available or “their parents are so poor that they cannot afford to provide even the textbooks even if the schools are free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Education should be considered by governments as an investment in human capital development, the future of your people, [and] the future of your country,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an intervention the Oxfam report recommends as well, saying that investing in people and communities provides “the best bulwark against extreme corporate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must stop normalizing extreme inequality,” summarizes \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/abby-maxman/\">Abby Maxman\u003c/a>, President and CEO of Oxfam America. “This is not by accident, but by design.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altering that design is a challenge so large that the 1,600 business leaders and 60 heads of state gathered in Davos may need more than five days to surmount it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“Billionaires, for many of them, times have never been better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/rebecca-riddell/\">Rebecca Riddell\u003c/a>, the policy lead for economic and racial justice at Oxfam America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’d put their money in a room in 2020, and then you came back at the end of 2023, you would have found that the wealth has grown enormously,” says Riddell. “Three times the rate of inflation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of billionaires is one of the key points in a new report from global charity Oxfam International titled “Inequality Inc.” It’s an annual publication issued to coincide with the meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, which begins on Monday, Jan. 15. Each year since 1971, government and business leaders have come to the Swiss mountain resort town to mull over the world’s problems and possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you might expect, the Oxfam findings have their skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Oxfam’s assertions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This latest \u003ca href=\"https://webassets.oxfamamerica.org/media/documents/UPDATED_full_English_Davos_2024_embargoed.pdf\">edition of the Oxfam report (PDF)\u003c/a> looks back over the last few years since 2020 and describes the growing unequal distribution of wealth as “the beginnings of a decade of division.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam spells out just how well billionaires are faring: “The world’s five richest men have more than doubled their fortunes from $405 billion to $869 billion since 2020 — at a rate of $14 million per hour — while nearly five billion people have been made poorer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In case you’re wondering, the top five are Bernard Arnault and his family, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffet, Larry Ellison and Elon Musk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might think there would be little that could surprise us,” says Oxfam’s Riddell. Indeed, their report in 2022 made a very similar point. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/02/08/1075509346/oxfam-blames-the-rich-for-the-pandemic-plight-of-the-poor-its-a-controversial-cl\">NPR’s headline observed\u003c/a>: “Oxfam says the rich got richer in the pandemic, and the wealth gap is killing the poor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s something different this time around, says Riddell. “The astronomical nature of gains at the very top since 2020 — during a time when so many suffered — really stood out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the report notes that for many “ordinary people” around the world, this decade has so far been tough going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It opened with a pandemic that devastated lives and economies,” says Riddell. “Add to that the challenges of a really prolonged cost-of-living crisis, climate breakdown and war. Progress against poverty has nearly stalled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Oxfam’s report, since 2020, almost five billion people have lost economic ground — that is, they’ve grown poorer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to the ultra-rich\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gulf between extreme wealth and extreme poverty has always been wide, says Riddell, yet in Oxfam’s view, in this decade, “the ultra-ultra-rich are pulling away from everyone else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of this wealth is concentrated in the Global North — in the U.S., Europe, Australia and parts of Asia. And Riddell says that mega-corporations there generate inequality by funneling profits upward to the ultra-rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By squeezing workers, by dodging taxes, they’re doing so at the expense of ordinary people,” she argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No corporation or individual should have this much power over our economies and our lives — to be clear, nobody should have a billion dollars,” says \u003ca href=\"https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/a/amitabh-behar\">Amitabh Behar\u003c/a>, Oxfam International’s interim executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Critics of the Oxfam thesis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No one disputes that the rich are getting richer, but some say Oxfam’s poverty analysis is a bit misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not such a fan of the five-billion-people-are-worse-off number,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cgdev.org/expert/charles-kenny\">Charles Kenny\u003c/a>, a senior fellow with the Center for Global Development think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He says Oxfam arrived at their number of nearly 5 billion by computing people’s \u003cem>wealth\u003c/em>. It’s a calculation based on taking the value of everything someone owns and subtracting all their debts. But Kenny says there are well-off people in richer countries who may have borrowed money to go to law school, say, or buy a home. When calculating their wealth with all that debt, they may seem poorer by Oxfam’s measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not worse off in terms of their life outcomes,” explains Kenny. “They’re not worse off in terms of how much they can afford to eat or are they getting decent health care? They’ve just borrowed more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam pushes back, saying these moneyed individuals with debt represent a small fraction of the 5 billion who are worse off. Most “ordinary people,” they say, are really struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenny says if you consider the last two or three \u003cem>decades\u003c/em>, many of the poorest people in the world are actually \u003cem>better\u003c/em> off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at health,” he says, “worldwide life expectancy \u003ca href=\"https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/Line/900\">continues to go up\u003c/a>. If you look at education, the number of people in school continues to \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.NENR\">go\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.NENR\">up\u003c/a>. So if you look at all these measures of the quality of life, they paint a slightly more positive picture. Even though at the very top end, we have extreme concentrations of wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about those at the bottom of the economic ladder? “For the poorest people,” the report says, “who are more likely to be women, racialized peoples, and marginalized groups in every society, daily life has become more brutal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny doesn’t dispute that poverty remains a significant global problem: a total of 700 million people meet the World Bank definition of \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty\">extreme poverty\u003c/a> as someone who gets by on less than $2.15 per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you solve inequality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So what’s to be done about the unequal distribution of resources?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oxfam report offers a few ideas, like creating businesses based on fair trade and worker cooperatives instead of being structured around benefiting shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it says governments need to step up and better regulate business. “A more equal world is possible if governments shape the market to be fair,” says Riddell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to rein in corporate power directly and that includes breaking up monopolies, empowering workers, calling for a living wage, [and increasing] taxation on corporations and on the ultra-rich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some argue that this approach doesn’t always work. “If you’re going to have tax policy that will redistribute income in favor of the poor, especially in favor of the global poor, you’re going to find it very difficult,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.weber.edu/goddard/John_Mbaku.html\">John Mukum Mbaku\u003c/a>, an economist at Weber State University who’s originally from Cameroon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for that difficulty, explains Mbaku, is that the wealthy tend to be politically engaged and use campaign contributions to influence policy-making. Instead, he argues that governments should invest in improved public services to propel people out of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that improving access to free or low-cost education and medical care, nutritious food, clean water and basic sanitation can put someone on the road to employment and economic self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering education more closely, Mbaku says large numbers of children in Africa, many of them girls, are unable to go to school. “In many African countries,” he says, “because of traditions and cultures, girls are not favored when it comes to education and training. Boys are favored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen firsthand that there are either no schools available or “their parents are so poor that they cannot afford to provide even the textbooks even if the schools are free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Education should be considered by governments as an investment in human capital development, the future of your people, [and] the future of your country,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an intervention the Oxfam report recommends as well, saying that investing in people and communities provides “the best bulwark against extreme corporate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must stop normalizing extreme inequality,” summarizes \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/abby-maxman/\">Abby Maxman\u003c/a>, President and CEO of Oxfam America. “This is not by accident, but by design.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altering that design is a challenge so large that the 1,600 business leaders and 60 heads of state gathered in Davos may need more than five days to surmount it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr. Day is approaching quickly — Monday, Jan. 15 — and this year, the federal holiday falls on the actual birthday of the celebrated civil rights leader who was assassinated more than half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the United States commemorates the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy, here are a few things to know about the holiday honoring the slain activist and his fight against inequality and racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From subversive to hero\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This year marks 56 years since the activist was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, King is widely lauded as a hero who led a nonviolent crusade against racist segregation policies and horrendous brutality against Black people. But at the time, his views were considered quite radical by much of white America, including the government. (He was the subject of several \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/federal-bureau-investigation-fbi\">FBI surveillance operations\u003c/a> designed to collect subversive material on King.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center found that by 1966 — two years after he’d received the Nobel Peace Prize — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/10/how-public-attitudes-toward-martin-luther-king-jr-have-changed-since-the-1960s/\">63% of Americans\u003c/a> had an unfavorable opinion of King, “including 44% who viewed him highly unfavorably.” Today, 81% of American adults say he had a positive impact on the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Eig, author of \u003cem>King: A Life\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1176371630/jonathan-eigs-new-biography-examines-the-life-of-martin-luther-king-jr\">told \u003c/a>NPR in 2023 that King, a pastor who followed in his father’s footsteps, was a protest leader who did not like conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as he sat at the helm of anti-segregation protests, including the Montgomery bus boycott and the march from Selma, Alabama, to the state Capitol, Eig said King “is always going out of his way to avoid conflict with people who are his elders. … And he really doesn’t like conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eig added: “He has to push himself really out of his comfort zone to argue, to debate, to really challenge some of the leaders of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad full-width]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The road to a federal holiday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fight to declare MLK Day a federally recognized holiday was a long slog for its champions, who began the campaign almost immediately after King’s assassination on the balcony of a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968. [aside label='More Stories on Civil Rights' tag='civil-rights']It was President Ronald Reagan who eventually signed a bill in 1983 that added Martin Luther King Jr. Day to the list of federal holidays, commemorating King’s contribution to the civil rights movement. Still, it wasn’t officially observed until 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there were still several holdouts who refused to recognize the holiday at the state level. Most notably, Arizona opposed it \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-martin-luther-king-jr-s-birthday-became-a-holiday-3#:~:text=King's%20birthday%20was%20finally%20approved,the%20third%20Monday%20in%20January.\">until a\u003c/a> referendum was passed in 1992 after the state lost an \u003ca href=\"http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/101611_az_mlk_dedication/arizonans-recall-fight-state-mlk-holiday/\">estimated $500 million in revenue\u003c/a> when the NFL moved the 1993 Super Bowl game to California in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why January and why Mondays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The holiday always lands on the third Monday of the month, roughly around King’s actual birthday, Jan. 15. The timing is also in line with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uso.org/stories/2522-understanding-the-difference-of-memorial-day-vs-veterans-day\">Uniform Holiday Act\u003c/a> of 1968, which ensures a long weekend for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, under then-President Bill Clinton, it became the only federal holiday dedicated to volunteerism after Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/1933\">King Holiday and Service Act\u003c/a>. Americans are encouraged to observe the day “with acts of civic work and community service” in honor of King’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr. Day is approaching quickly — Monday, Jan. 15 — and this year, the federal holiday falls on the actual birthday of the celebrated civil rights leader who was assassinated more than half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the United States commemorates the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy, here are a few things to know about the holiday honoring the slain activist and his fight against inequality and racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From subversive to hero\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This year marks 56 years since the activist was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, King is widely lauded as a hero who led a nonviolent crusade against racist segregation policies and horrendous brutality against Black people. But at the time, his views were considered quite radical by much of white America, including the government. (He was the subject of several \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/federal-bureau-investigation-fbi\">FBI surveillance operations\u003c/a> designed to collect subversive material on King.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center found that by 1966 — two years after he’d received the Nobel Peace Prize — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/10/how-public-attitudes-toward-martin-luther-king-jr-have-changed-since-the-1960s/\">63% of Americans\u003c/a> had an unfavorable opinion of King, “including 44% who viewed him highly unfavorably.” Today, 81% of American adults say he had a positive impact on the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Eig, author of \u003cem>King: A Life\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1176371630/jonathan-eigs-new-biography-examines-the-life-of-martin-luther-king-jr\">told \u003c/a>NPR in 2023 that King, a pastor who followed in his father’s footsteps, was a protest leader who did not like conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as he sat at the helm of anti-segregation protests, including the Montgomery bus boycott and the march from Selma, Alabama, to the state Capitol, Eig said King “is always going out of his way to avoid conflict with people who are his elders. … And he really doesn’t like conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eig added: “He has to push himself really out of his comfort zone to argue, to debate, to really challenge some of the leaders of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It was President Ronald Reagan who eventually signed a bill in 1983 that added Martin Luther King Jr. Day to the list of federal holidays, commemorating King’s contribution to the civil rights movement. Still, it wasn’t officially observed until 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there were still several holdouts who refused to recognize the holiday at the state level. Most notably, Arizona opposed it \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-martin-luther-king-jr-s-birthday-became-a-holiday-3#:~:text=King's%20birthday%20was%20finally%20approved,the%20third%20Monday%20in%20January.\">until a\u003c/a> referendum was passed in 1992 after the state lost an \u003ca href=\"http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/101611_az_mlk_dedication/arizonans-recall-fight-state-mlk-holiday/\">estimated $500 million in revenue\u003c/a> when the NFL moved the 1993 Super Bowl game to California in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why January and why Mondays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The holiday always lands on the third Monday of the month, roughly around King’s actual birthday, Jan. 15. The timing is also in line with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uso.org/stories/2522-understanding-the-difference-of-memorial-day-vs-veterans-day\">Uniform Holiday Act\u003c/a> of 1968, which ensures a long weekend for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, under then-President Bill Clinton, it became the only federal holiday dedicated to volunteerism after Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/1933\">King Holiday and Service Act\u003c/a>. Americans are encouraged to observe the day “with acts of civic work and community service” in honor of King’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>We regularly answer frequently asked questions about the coronavirus. If you have a question you’d like us to consider for a future post, email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:goatsandsoda@npr.org\">\u003cem>goatsandsoda@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> with the subject line: “Weekly Coronavirus Questions.” See an archive of our FAQs \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/926361810/coronavirus-faqs\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician and infectious disease epidemiologist, I’ve seen a lot of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic, and there’s a question I hear over and over:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is it possible that my partner — or child or sibling or roommate — tested positive for COVID-19, and even though I slept in the same room or lived in the same house, I didn’t come down with the virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weren’t they breathing out infectious particles for days on end? And I assume I was breathing them in. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an answer to this question. But it’s a bit complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, let’s review how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads. While some viruses are primarily passed through contact with the bodily fluids (Ebola) or skin (mpox) of someone who’s infected, SARS-CoV-2 is easier to catch. It’s spread \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19.html\">mainly\u003c/a> through the air in invisible aerosols (and to a lesser extent in large droplets) that the infected person emits while breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing, laughing or snoring. The aerosols can hang around in the air for hours, and others can inhale them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So yes, if someone in your house is exhaling SARS-CoV-2-viral particles, you could breathe them in and become infected. But … here’s why that does not always happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two points to ponder. One: The person with COVID is not contagious at all times. Two: Different factors can reduce the risk of getting infected by a housemate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The incubation period\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For starters, someone who is sick with COVID-19 is not infectious from the moment they catch the virus to the moment they test negative (or their symptoms go away). Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have different stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all starts when you’re first exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you breathe in enough viral particles and your immune system doesn’t vanquish the pathogens you’ve inhaled, the timer starts for your case of COVID. The virus will incubate in your body until symptoms begin to appear. [aside postID=news_11972313 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240111-AT-HOME-COVID-TEST-GETTY-MB-KQED-1038x576.jpg']And when do you become contagious – marking the transition from the “latent” stage to the “infectious” stage? There’s no way to know the exact moment this happens. It’s a complex biological process, and for everyone, it will be a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can make certain inferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many people wonder: Can you be contagious before symptoms of COVID appear?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on in the pandemic, the answer was definitely yes – and that’s one reason why it was so hard to control COVID. We knew this from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2008457\">studies\u003c/a> that showed transmission happening before the sick person had any symptoms. You would not necessarily know when you were exposed to someone contagious because they may have been “pre-symptomatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things have changed since 2020. Now, most of our immune systems can recognize the virus — as a result of previous exposures and/or being vaccinated. The immune system’s reaction to even a small amount of virus could be symptoms like coughing, sore throat, running nose or a fever. With our immune systems primed, the body’s response comes much more quickly than it would have back in 2020 when SARS-CoV-2 was a novel pathogen. So those symptoms could appear early on after exposure — even before we’re infectious. This was shown \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad582/7285011\">in a study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Clinical Infectious Disease\u003c/em> that examined people’s symptoms compared to how much virus they were carrying across the days of their infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The infectious window\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The infectious window — the period during which you’re contagious — varies from person to person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, it may only be a couple of days, whereas, for others, it can be a week or even longer (especially in people who are immunocompromised and can’t easily clear the virus).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re lucky, your housemate will have a short window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the matter of quantity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, if not most, people will transmit only small amounts of SARS-CoV-2 after getting infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 happens from a relatively small number of highly infectious people — called superspreaders. Research on transmission has shown a \u003ca href=\"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1\">wide variation\u003c/a> in how many people get infected by one person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some superspreaders are just biologically capable of shedding a lot of viruses. One study published in November 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad701/7424866?login=true#432788078\">found an association\u003c/a> between higher BMI in men and higher viral loads. Other superspreaders could have a big network of people they come into contact with — for example, infecting \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2770172\">on a bus\u003c/a> or in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm\">choir\u003c/a> setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can reduce the amount of pathogens you’re exposed to\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just breathing in a pathogen doesn’t mean you’ll get sick. This is the difference between exposure versus actual infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a pathogen to cause disease, you must be exposed to enough of it — the minimum infectious dose — so it can overcome your immune defenses. Some pathogens can do their work with a tiny infectious dose, meaning even just a few microbes or viral particles are sufficient to infect you, while others require a much heftier exposure. [aside label='More Stories on Public Health' tag='public-health']That’s why you’re unlikely to catch COVID from, say, dashing into a grocery store for a quick shop and perhaps breathing in a very small amount of virus. The \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ChristoPhraser/status/1737513787563868270?s=20\">duration of exposure\u003c/a> and the concentration of the pathogen in its preferred route (air, for this virus) affect your chance of getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are exposed to small amounts of pathogens all the time, but usually, it is not enough to cause disease. Sometimes, however, it is. A more sinister example of these principles is Coxiella burnetii, the bacteria that causes “Q Fever.” It can spread to people from animals, including farm animals, and is on the list of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.selectagents.gov/sat/list.htm\">select agents\u003c/a>” for bioterrorism concerns. The bacteria has a very low infectious dose, is stable in the environment and can spread so effectively that even living miles downwind of a farm is a risk factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the dose you are exposed to is one way to avoid infection. For SARS-CoV-2, opening windows can dilute the cloud of aerosols by bringing in fresh air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your home has a fan with an air filter or you’re using a HEPA air purifier, the infectious aerosol particles \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/02/03/diy-filtration/\">can become trapped in the filter\u003c/a> rather than in your lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reiterate, the cumulative dose you inhale depends on the time you spend in a place and the concentration of viral particles there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masks that are worn correctly and consistently will also reduce that dose. If your housemate is infected and you wear an effective mask (a well-fitting N95, for example), the mask will trap most of the viral particles, reducing the amount you inhale. If the person with COVID masks up, that will decrease the quantity of pathogens they’re emitting into the air as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Your immune system (or medications) could save you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been vaccinated or had a prior infection, your immune system could be able to knock out the pathogen. The older you get, the less effective your immune system will be. And if you have a medical condition that makes your immune system weaker — like cancer or chronic diseases like diabetes — that could also play a role in whether exposure to viral particles will lead to infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For healthy people exposed to a sick person, antiviral drugs (or antibiotics for bacteria) can often avert infection after exposure — this is called post-exposure prophylaxis and is used for many infections already, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/\">HIV\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2211934\">gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis\u003c/a>. [aside postID=news_11966797 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/GettyImages-1387450682-672x372.jpg']In one study, researchers looked at whether those living at home with someone infected with COVID-19 were less likely to get sick if they used the antiviral Paxlovid. The study found a signal — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-top-line-results-phase-23-epic-pep-study\">a 32% reduced risk\u003c/a> of getting sick compared to placebo — but did not meet statistical significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in conclusion, yes, you can live with someone with COVID and not catch it. Because infectious disease transmission is complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, we do see weird things happening with infectious diseases every single day. So yes, in theory, you could catch, say, mpox from dust particles on a patient’s blanket. This happened in a \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023204/\">famous case\u003c/a> from the U.K., but it is exceedingly rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t fall for the trap of thinking that your single example represents the general trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to COVID, let me assure you: It is contagious — but remember, that doesn’t mean everyone who is in contact with someone infected will catch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was infected a few weeks ago. My mother and sister were both in the car with me hours before I felt sick and tested positive. My sister got COVID days later. But my mother never got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AbraarKaran?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cem>Abraar Karan\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is an infectious disease physician and researcher at Stanford University. He worked on the COVID-19 pandemic for the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the mpox outbreak for the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>We regularly answer frequently asked questions about the coronavirus. If you have a question you’d like us to consider for a future post, email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:goatsandsoda@npr.org\">\u003cem>goatsandsoda@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> with the subject line: “Weekly Coronavirus Questions.” See an archive of our FAQs \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/926361810/coronavirus-faqs\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician and infectious disease epidemiologist, I’ve seen a lot of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic, and there’s a question I hear over and over:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is it possible that my partner — or child or sibling or roommate — tested positive for COVID-19, and even though I slept in the same room or lived in the same house, I didn’t come down with the virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weren’t they breathing out infectious particles for days on end? And I assume I was breathing them in. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an answer to this question. But it’s a bit complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, let’s review how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads. While some viruses are primarily passed through contact with the bodily fluids (Ebola) or skin (mpox) of someone who’s infected, SARS-CoV-2 is easier to catch. It’s spread \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19.html\">mainly\u003c/a> through the air in invisible aerosols (and to a lesser extent in large droplets) that the infected person emits while breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing, laughing or snoring. The aerosols can hang around in the air for hours, and others can inhale them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So yes, if someone in your house is exhaling SARS-CoV-2-viral particles, you could breathe them in and become infected. But … here’s why that does not always happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two points to ponder. One: The person with COVID is not contagious at all times. Two: Different factors can reduce the risk of getting infected by a housemate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The incubation period\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For starters, someone who is sick with COVID-19 is not infectious from the moment they catch the virus to the moment they test negative (or their symptoms go away). Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have different stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all starts when you’re first exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you breathe in enough viral particles and your immune system doesn’t vanquish the pathogens you’ve inhaled, the timer starts for your case of COVID. The virus will incubate in your body until symptoms begin to appear. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And when do you become contagious – marking the transition from the “latent” stage to the “infectious” stage? There’s no way to know the exact moment this happens. It’s a complex biological process, and for everyone, it will be a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can make certain inferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many people wonder: Can you be contagious before symptoms of COVID appear?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on in the pandemic, the answer was definitely yes – and that’s one reason why it was so hard to control COVID. We knew this from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2008457\">studies\u003c/a> that showed transmission happening before the sick person had any symptoms. You would not necessarily know when you were exposed to someone contagious because they may have been “pre-symptomatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things have changed since 2020. Now, most of our immune systems can recognize the virus — as a result of previous exposures and/or being vaccinated. The immune system’s reaction to even a small amount of virus could be symptoms like coughing, sore throat, running nose or a fever. With our immune systems primed, the body’s response comes much more quickly than it would have back in 2020 when SARS-CoV-2 was a novel pathogen. So those symptoms could appear early on after exposure — even before we’re infectious. This was shown \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad582/7285011\">in a study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Clinical Infectious Disease\u003c/em> that examined people’s symptoms compared to how much virus they were carrying across the days of their infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The infectious window\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The infectious window — the period during which you’re contagious — varies from person to person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, it may only be a couple of days, whereas, for others, it can be a week or even longer (especially in people who are immunocompromised and can’t easily clear the virus).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re lucky, your housemate will have a short window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the matter of quantity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, if not most, people will transmit only small amounts of SARS-CoV-2 after getting infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 happens from a relatively small number of highly infectious people — called superspreaders. Research on transmission has shown a \u003ca href=\"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1\">wide variation\u003c/a> in how many people get infected by one person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some superspreaders are just biologically capable of shedding a lot of viruses. One study published in November 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad701/7424866?login=true#432788078\">found an association\u003c/a> between higher BMI in men and higher viral loads. Other superspreaders could have a big network of people they come into contact with — for example, infecting \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2770172\">on a bus\u003c/a> or in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm\">choir\u003c/a> setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can reduce the amount of pathogens you’re exposed to\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just breathing in a pathogen doesn’t mean you’ll get sick. This is the difference between exposure versus actual infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a pathogen to cause disease, you must be exposed to enough of it — the minimum infectious dose — so it can overcome your immune defenses. Some pathogens can do their work with a tiny infectious dose, meaning even just a few microbes or viral particles are sufficient to infect you, while others require a much heftier exposure. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s why you’re unlikely to catch COVID from, say, dashing into a grocery store for a quick shop and perhaps breathing in a very small amount of virus. The \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ChristoPhraser/status/1737513787563868270?s=20\">duration of exposure\u003c/a> and the concentration of the pathogen in its preferred route (air, for this virus) affect your chance of getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are exposed to small amounts of pathogens all the time, but usually, it is not enough to cause disease. Sometimes, however, it is. A more sinister example of these principles is Coxiella burnetii, the bacteria that causes “Q Fever.” It can spread to people from animals, including farm animals, and is on the list of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.selectagents.gov/sat/list.htm\">select agents\u003c/a>” for bioterrorism concerns. The bacteria has a very low infectious dose, is stable in the environment and can spread so effectively that even living miles downwind of a farm is a risk factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the dose you are exposed to is one way to avoid infection. For SARS-CoV-2, opening windows can dilute the cloud of aerosols by bringing in fresh air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your home has a fan with an air filter or you’re using a HEPA air purifier, the infectious aerosol particles \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/02/03/diy-filtration/\">can become trapped in the filter\u003c/a> rather than in your lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reiterate, the cumulative dose you inhale depends on the time you spend in a place and the concentration of viral particles there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masks that are worn correctly and consistently will also reduce that dose. If your housemate is infected and you wear an effective mask (a well-fitting N95, for example), the mask will trap most of the viral particles, reducing the amount you inhale. If the person with COVID masks up, that will decrease the quantity of pathogens they’re emitting into the air as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Your immune system (or medications) could save you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been vaccinated or had a prior infection, your immune system could be able to knock out the pathogen. The older you get, the less effective your immune system will be. And if you have a medical condition that makes your immune system weaker — like cancer or chronic diseases like diabetes — that could also play a role in whether exposure to viral particles will lead to infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For healthy people exposed to a sick person, antiviral drugs (or antibiotics for bacteria) can often avert infection after exposure — this is called post-exposure prophylaxis and is used for many infections already, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/\">HIV\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2211934\">gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In one study, researchers looked at whether those living at home with someone infected with COVID-19 were less likely to get sick if they used the antiviral Paxlovid. The study found a signal — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-top-line-results-phase-23-epic-pep-study\">a 32% reduced risk\u003c/a> of getting sick compared to placebo — but did not meet statistical significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in conclusion, yes, you can live with someone with COVID and not catch it. Because infectious disease transmission is complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, we do see weird things happening with infectious diseases every single day. So yes, in theory, you could catch, say, mpox from dust particles on a patient’s blanket. This happened in a \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023204/\">famous case\u003c/a> from the U.K., but it is exceedingly rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t fall for the trap of thinking that your single example represents the general trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to COVID, let me assure you: It is contagious — but remember, that doesn’t mean everyone who is in contact with someone infected will catch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was infected a few weeks ago. My mother and sister were both in the car with me hours before I felt sick and tested positive. My sister got COVID days later. But my mother never got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AbraarKaran?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cem>Abraar Karan\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is an infectious disease physician and researcher at Stanford University. He worked on the COVID-19 pandemic for the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the mpox outbreak for the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lots of industries have embraced artificial intelligence as a tool this past year, including climate solutions companies. From detecting pollution to wildfires, companies are finding AI can help translate vast amounts of climate-related data faster and more efficiently, says Sasha Luccioni, climate lead for AI company Hugging Face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luccioni notes it’s important to be cautious about whether AI is always necessary. Generative AI, which makes new content, can use large amounts of energy and have a big carbon footprint. But she says there are many applications for AI in the green transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are four ways companies, researchers and governments use AI for climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to detect planet-heating methane\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Methane emissions, the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide, are climbing. The highly potent pollutant — the main ingredient in natural gas — gets released by the energy sector, as well as agriculture and decomposing material in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-11-23-ai-automatically-detects-methane-plumes-space-could-be-powerful-tool-combating\"> researchers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/case-studies/utilities/duke-energy-powers-ai-platform\">companies\u003c/a> are using AI to interpret huge quantities of satellite images to track global methane emissions on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we could mine satellite information with AI, we had no idea where methane was coming from,” says Antoine Halff, co-founder and chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “We understood the climate risk that this represented. But there was no understanding of the sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kayrros began in 2016, Halff says the world knew about only a handful of occurrences of large methane leaks and other releases. He says his team can now detect dozens of them every week and thousands yearly. “For methane,” Halff says, “AI really reveals things that could not be known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations uses Kayrros’s AI-fueled data to verify that companies’ reports on methane emissions are accurate. Other governments are gearing up for more methane monitoring:\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\"> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/eu-methane-emissions-law-pollution-0c7e15ee81a05aad88e56935ae24216f\"> the European Union\u003c/a> recently passed new methane regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is so potent, targeting it through AI makes strategic sense, Halff says. “If you eliminate methane emissions today,” he says, “you can very quickly have an impact on the curve of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971401\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971401\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a field of gas and oil drills\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI for early detection of forest fires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving more frequent and intense wildfires, and those burns are making up an\u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/03/02/wildfires-in-2021-emitted-a-record-breaking-amount-of-carbon-dioxide/\"> increasing share\u003c/a> of planet-heating pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a Berlin-based startup uses AI with sensors in forests to find small burns before they spread into megafires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dryad.net/team\">Carsten Brinkschulte\u003c/a>, CEO of Dryad, uses AI to train sensors to detect the specific gasses that get released when organic material burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically like an electronic nose that we embed in the forest,” Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nose-like sensors can detect the fires early in the smoldering stage, “when it’s still easy or relatively easy to extinguish the fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has 50 sensor installations from the Middle East to California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/18/2797950/0/en/Dryad-s-Silvanet-Detects-Unauthorized-Wildfire-in-Lebanon-in-30-Minutes-Prompting-Timely-Response-and-Resolution.html\">Last month in Lebanon\u003c/a>, sensors reacted to a small fire within 30 minutes, Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to prevent new wildfires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way to stop megafires is to set “controlled burns” outside of fire season to remove the excess brush and vegetation that become fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, so-called burn managers — who are people from utilities, the federal forest service or other entities — deploy teams to designated areas to set controlled burns. (Native tribes have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">long history of making these controlled burns\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to do the work safely, burn managers need lots of information to know how the fire might behave so it doesn’t spin out of control. They need to know things like the wind conditions and amount of moisture in the vegetation, says Yolanda Gil, director for strategic AI and data science initiatives at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After interviewing fire scientists, Gil and their team used AI to create a so-called intelligent or smart assistant —like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa —that can access vast data sets and complex models. Burn managers can use these Siri-like assistants to decide where and when to make controlled burns. “It’s kind of like Siri, but for burn managers,” Gil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil says burn managers can ask the smart assistant about a particular area. The assistant can take information about the topography, the vegetation, weather patterns and recommend a potential burn model —a way to make a safe controlled burn, Gil says. The goal, they say, is to make these assistants widely available for utilities, the forest service, and others doing controlled burns to make them safer and plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to send out the first prototypes of the smart assistants in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2542px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/companies-like-kobold-metals-and-earth-ai-are-using-ai-to-speed-up-the-search-for-critical-minerals-like-lithium-cobalt-and-copper-these-minerals-are-key-for-climate-solutions-like-solar-panels-and/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971385\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg\" alt=\"a dump truck mining a field of minerals\" width=\"2542\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg 2542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2542px) 100vw, 2542px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI in green tech mining\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate solutions from solar panels to electric vehicles require immense amounts of minerals like cobalt, lithium and copper. But current supplies are not enough to meet growing demand. By 2030, projected lithium demand will be five times the current global supply, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/\"> International Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, governments, researchers, and companies are using AI to explore critical minerals. Colin Williams, mineral resources program coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, writes in an email that his team\u003ca href=\"https://criticalminerals.darpa.mil/\"> uses AI\u003c/a> to analyze data to determine which areas in the U.S. have the best potential for mining critical metals. He adds that using AI means “dramatic time savings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot of data out there about what it looks like under the earth’s surface. Using AI to sift through all this data helps minimize uncertainty, Williams says. Because mining operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/ces-2023-monetary-tightening-weighs-down-exploration-activity\">spend billions of dollars\u003c/a> trying to find profitable areas to exploit, companies say using AI can help save a lot of time and money in locating minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/mining-looks-to-ai-for-edge-in-finding-new-metal-76345909\">all over the world\u003c/a> —from Australian \u003ca href=\"https://sensore.com/about/\">SensOre\u003c/a> to California-based\u003ca href=\"https://www.koboldmetals.com/\"> KoBold Metals\u003c/a> —are now using AI to explore for minerals on several continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca>www.npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lots of industries have embraced artificial intelligence as a tool this past year, including climate solutions companies. From detecting pollution to wildfires, companies are finding AI can help translate vast amounts of climate-related data faster and more efficiently, says Sasha Luccioni, climate lead for AI company Hugging Face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luccioni notes it’s important to be cautious about whether AI is always necessary. Generative AI, which makes new content, can use large amounts of energy and have a big carbon footprint. But she says there are many applications for AI in the green transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are four ways companies, researchers and governments use AI for climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to detect planet-heating methane\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Methane emissions, the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide, are climbing. The highly potent pollutant — the main ingredient in natural gas — gets released by the energy sector, as well as agriculture and decomposing material in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-11-23-ai-automatically-detects-methane-plumes-space-could-be-powerful-tool-combating\"> researchers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/case-studies/utilities/duke-energy-powers-ai-platform\">companies\u003c/a> are using AI to interpret huge quantities of satellite images to track global methane emissions on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we could mine satellite information with AI, we had no idea where methane was coming from,” says Antoine Halff, co-founder and chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “We understood the climate risk that this represented. But there was no understanding of the sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kayrros began in 2016, Halff says the world knew about only a handful of occurrences of large methane leaks and other releases. He says his team can now detect dozens of them every week and thousands yearly. “For methane,” Halff says, “AI really reveals things that could not be known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations uses Kayrros’s AI-fueled data to verify that companies’ reports on methane emissions are accurate. Other governments are gearing up for more methane monitoring:\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\"> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/eu-methane-emissions-law-pollution-0c7e15ee81a05aad88e56935ae24216f\"> the European Union\u003c/a> recently passed new methane regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is so potent, targeting it through AI makes strategic sense, Halff says. “If you eliminate methane emissions today,” he says, “you can very quickly have an impact on the curve of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971401\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971401\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a field of gas and oil drills\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI for early detection of forest fires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving more frequent and intense wildfires, and those burns are making up an\u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/03/02/wildfires-in-2021-emitted-a-record-breaking-amount-of-carbon-dioxide/\"> increasing share\u003c/a> of planet-heating pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a Berlin-based startup uses AI with sensors in forests to find small burns before they spread into megafires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dryad.net/team\">Carsten Brinkschulte\u003c/a>, CEO of Dryad, uses AI to train sensors to detect the specific gasses that get released when organic material burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically like an electronic nose that we embed in the forest,” Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nose-like sensors can detect the fires early in the smoldering stage, “when it’s still easy or relatively easy to extinguish the fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has 50 sensor installations from the Middle East to California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/18/2797950/0/en/Dryad-s-Silvanet-Detects-Unauthorized-Wildfire-in-Lebanon-in-30-Minutes-Prompting-Timely-Response-and-Resolution.html\">Last month in Lebanon\u003c/a>, sensors reacted to a small fire within 30 minutes, Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to prevent new wildfires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way to stop megafires is to set “controlled burns” outside of fire season to remove the excess brush and vegetation that become fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, so-called burn managers — who are people from utilities, the federal forest service or other entities — deploy teams to designated areas to set controlled burns. (Native tribes have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">long history of making these controlled burns\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to do the work safely, burn managers need lots of information to know how the fire might behave so it doesn’t spin out of control. They need to know things like the wind conditions and amount of moisture in the vegetation, says Yolanda Gil, director for strategic AI and data science initiatives at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After interviewing fire scientists, Gil and their team used AI to create a so-called intelligent or smart assistant —like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa —that can access vast data sets and complex models. Burn managers can use these Siri-like assistants to decide where and when to make controlled burns. “It’s kind of like Siri, but for burn managers,” Gil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil says burn managers can ask the smart assistant about a particular area. The assistant can take information about the topography, the vegetation, weather patterns and recommend a potential burn model —a way to make a safe controlled burn, Gil says. The goal, they say, is to make these assistants widely available for utilities, the forest service, and others doing controlled burns to make them safer and plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to send out the first prototypes of the smart assistants in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2542px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/companies-like-kobold-metals-and-earth-ai-are-using-ai-to-speed-up-the-search-for-critical-minerals-like-lithium-cobalt-and-copper-these-minerals-are-key-for-climate-solutions-like-solar-panels-and/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971385\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg\" alt=\"a dump truck mining a field of minerals\" width=\"2542\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg 2542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2542px) 100vw, 2542px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI in green tech mining\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate solutions from solar panels to electric vehicles require immense amounts of minerals like cobalt, lithium and copper. But current supplies are not enough to meet growing demand. By 2030, projected lithium demand will be five times the current global supply, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/\"> International Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, governments, researchers, and companies are using AI to explore critical minerals. Colin Williams, mineral resources program coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, writes in an email that his team\u003ca href=\"https://criticalminerals.darpa.mil/\"> uses AI\u003c/a> to analyze data to determine which areas in the U.S. have the best potential for mining critical metals. He adds that using AI means “dramatic time savings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot of data out there about what it looks like under the earth’s surface. Using AI to sift through all this data helps minimize uncertainty, Williams says. Because mining operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/ces-2023-monetary-tightening-weighs-down-exploration-activity\">spend billions of dollars\u003c/a> trying to find profitable areas to exploit, companies say using AI can help save a lot of time and money in locating minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/mining-looks-to-ai-for-edge-in-finding-new-metal-76345909\">all over the world\u003c/a> —from Australian \u003ca href=\"https://sensore.com/about/\">SensOre\u003c/a> to California-based\u003ca href=\"https://www.koboldmetals.com/\"> KoBold Metals\u003c/a> —are now using AI to explore for minerals on several continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Got an ambition that’s been on the shelf for a while? This is the year to turn it into a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve been trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt#:~:text=1.,have%20something%20to%20work%20toward.\">pay off your credit cards\u003c/a> but have been struggling to save money because of inflation. Maybe you’re considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">taking the next step in your relationship\u003c/a> but want to ensure it’s the right call. Or perhaps you just want to scratch some of those smaller projects off your to-do list: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">declutter\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">start flossing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">make more friends at work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your goal is, Life Kit is here to support you. This year’s New Year’s Resolution Planner has a fresh mix of ideas to help you move forward in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each episode comes with clear, practical advice on achieving the objective, which is important when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">sticking to a resolution\u003c/a>. “Goal pursuit requires focused attention,” says \u003ca href=\"https://childrensbehavioralhealth.uoregon.edu/elliot-berkman\">Elliot Berkman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Oregon. “Our minds need to be focused on one thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ready to take action? Got your target set? Let’s go!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This year, I want to …\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Career\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/08/944307129/how-to-ask-for-a-raise-know-your-value-and-bring-the-evidence\">Ask for a raise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963330752/side-gigs-are-demanding-heres-how-to-make-one-work\">Start a side hustle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/30/792426201/want-to-quit-your-job-heres-how-to-do-it-well\">Quit my job\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959656202/5-steps-to-shake-the-feeling-that-youre-an-impostor\">Shake my impostor syndrome \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Fitness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/07/1044016040/weightlifting-strength-training-tips-getting-started\">Get stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/676129459/get-started-exercising\">Start exercising \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/20/1183297514/tips-for-how-to-run\">Become a runner\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1119309409/exercises-to-futureproof-your-body-against-chronic-pain\">Be more flexible \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/07/22/1189303227/neat-fitness-non-exercise-activity-thermogenesis\">Get healthier (without going to the gym)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Get organized\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">Keep my New Year’s resolutions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/22/1145019667/how-to-make-a-better-to-do-list\">Write to-do lists that work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/25/809256398/tiny-habits-are-the-key-to-behavioral-change\">Start a new healthy habit \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/996939779/a-behavioral-scientists-advice-for-changing-your-life\">Change my life \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/21/979183329/too-much-focusing-is-draining-heres-a-better-strategy\">Improve my focus \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/02/781673495/6-ways-to-take-a-break-from-drinking\">Drink less alcohol \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/02/1051553451/how-to-wake-up-early\">Be a morning person \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124371309/busting-common-hydration-water-myths\">Drink enough water\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/09/09/1198047149/blue-zones-live-to-100-7-healthy-habits\">Try to live to 100 \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/20/705224709/dont-count-sheep-better-bedtime-rituals\">Sleep better\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/09/1196977570/5-ways-to-eat-more-mindfully\">Eat more mindfully \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">Take care of my teeth \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Hobbies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/22/1177552573/extend-the-life-of-your-clothes-with-visible-mending\">Mend my own clothes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">Get into birding \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101187823/how-to-learn-a-heritage-language\">Learn a heritage language\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/792439555\">Start a creative habit\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188769974/find-books-youll-love\">Find good books to read\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">Clean out my clutter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1217925264/your-life-kit-to-emergency-preparedness\">Prep for emergencies \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/01/01/1197225554/how-to-save-time-while-doing-laundry\">Save time on laundry \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/03/1196977935/save-money-energy-tips\">Make my home more climate-friendly \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Mental health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/25/1151414475/the-five-kinds-of-perfectionists\">Embrace my perfectionism\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/05/1174297769/5-ways-to-explore-your-gender-identity\">Explore my gender identity \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/04/1150518287/fun-play-happiness-stress-reduction\">Have more fun \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/913207918/how-to-say-no-for-the-people-pleaser-who-always-says-yes\">Get better at saying “no”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/974787023/burnout-isnt-just-exhaustion-heres-how-to-deal-with-it\">Deal with burnout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/21/1066585316/mindfulness-meditation-with-john-kabat-zinn\">Get into meditation\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Family\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/26/971811133/theres-never-a-right-time-for-a-baby-but-these-questions-can-help-you-decide\">Decide whether I want kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056834875/egg-freezing-process-how-much-does-it-cost\">Freeze my eggs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128737199/the-5-minute-daily-playtime-ritual-that-can-get-your-kids-to-listen-better\">Spend more quality time with my kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/11/1186984003/how-to-be-a-supportive-adult-in-a-kids-life\">Be a better auntie or uncle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141464706/how-to-start-new-traditions-that-feel-right-to-you\">Start new traditions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Finances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683530953/be-the-master-of-your-budget\">Make a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt\">Get out of debt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/10/1186764390/how-to-choose-a-bank\">Find a better bank \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/915289340/spend-savvier-save-smarter-5-tips-to-stop-stress-spending\">Stop stress spending \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/31/1191071743/how-to-have-fun-for-cheap\">Have fun on a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Relationships\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/01/1022875293/relationship-contracts-couples-useful-advice-tips\">Create a “relationship contract”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1079913837/comic-how-to-be-single-and-live-a-full-life-on-your-own-terms\">Be OK with being single \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">Get married\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">Create friends at work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The episodes were created by Life Kit. Design, development and illustrations by Connie Hanzhang Jin. Production, editing and art direction by Malaka Gharib, Clare Marie Schneider and Beck Harlan. Special thanks to Life Kit supervising editor Meghan Keane, growth editor Arielle Retting, podcast project manager Lyndsey McKenna and engagement editor Amanda Orr.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’d love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"tel:2022169823\">\u003cem>202-216-9823\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>sign up for our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Need+a+New+Year%27s+resolution%3F+Here+are+50+ways+to+improve+your+life+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Got an ambition that’s been on the shelf for a while? This is the year to turn it into a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve been trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt#:~:text=1.,have%20something%20to%20work%20toward.\">pay off your credit cards\u003c/a> but have been struggling to save money because of inflation. Maybe you’re considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">taking the next step in your relationship\u003c/a> but want to ensure it’s the right call. Or perhaps you just want to scratch some of those smaller projects off your to-do list: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">declutter\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">start flossing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">make more friends at work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your goal is, Life Kit is here to support you. This year’s New Year’s Resolution Planner has a fresh mix of ideas to help you move forward in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each episode comes with clear, practical advice on achieving the objective, which is important when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">sticking to a resolution\u003c/a>. “Goal pursuit requires focused attention,” says \u003ca href=\"https://childrensbehavioralhealth.uoregon.edu/elliot-berkman\">Elliot Berkman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Oregon. “Our minds need to be focused on one thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ready to take action? Got your target set? Let’s go!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This year, I want to …\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Career\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/08/944307129/how-to-ask-for-a-raise-know-your-value-and-bring-the-evidence\">Ask for a raise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963330752/side-gigs-are-demanding-heres-how-to-make-one-work\">Start a side hustle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/30/792426201/want-to-quit-your-job-heres-how-to-do-it-well\">Quit my job\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959656202/5-steps-to-shake-the-feeling-that-youre-an-impostor\">Shake my impostor syndrome \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Fitness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/07/1044016040/weightlifting-strength-training-tips-getting-started\">Get stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/676129459/get-started-exercising\">Start exercising \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/20/1183297514/tips-for-how-to-run\">Become a runner\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1119309409/exercises-to-futureproof-your-body-against-chronic-pain\">Be more flexible \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/07/22/1189303227/neat-fitness-non-exercise-activity-thermogenesis\">Get healthier (without going to the gym)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Get organized\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">Keep my New Year’s resolutions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/22/1145019667/how-to-make-a-better-to-do-list\">Write to-do lists that work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/25/809256398/tiny-habits-are-the-key-to-behavioral-change\">Start a new healthy habit \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/996939779/a-behavioral-scientists-advice-for-changing-your-life\">Change my life \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/21/979183329/too-much-focusing-is-draining-heres-a-better-strategy\">Improve my focus \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/02/781673495/6-ways-to-take-a-break-from-drinking\">Drink less alcohol \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/02/1051553451/how-to-wake-up-early\">Be a morning person \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124371309/busting-common-hydration-water-myths\">Drink enough water\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/09/09/1198047149/blue-zones-live-to-100-7-healthy-habits\">Try to live to 100 \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/20/705224709/dont-count-sheep-better-bedtime-rituals\">Sleep better\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/09/1196977570/5-ways-to-eat-more-mindfully\">Eat more mindfully \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">Take care of my teeth \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Hobbies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/22/1177552573/extend-the-life-of-your-clothes-with-visible-mending\">Mend my own clothes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">Get into birding \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101187823/how-to-learn-a-heritage-language\">Learn a heritage language\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/792439555\">Start a creative habit\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188769974/find-books-youll-love\">Find good books to read\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">Clean out my clutter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1217925264/your-life-kit-to-emergency-preparedness\">Prep for emergencies \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/01/01/1197225554/how-to-save-time-while-doing-laundry\">Save time on laundry \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/03/1196977935/save-money-energy-tips\">Make my home more climate-friendly \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Mental health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/25/1151414475/the-five-kinds-of-perfectionists\">Embrace my perfectionism\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/05/1174297769/5-ways-to-explore-your-gender-identity\">Explore my gender identity \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/04/1150518287/fun-play-happiness-stress-reduction\">Have more fun \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/913207918/how-to-say-no-for-the-people-pleaser-who-always-says-yes\">Get better at saying “no”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/974787023/burnout-isnt-just-exhaustion-heres-how-to-deal-with-it\">Deal with burnout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/21/1066585316/mindfulness-meditation-with-john-kabat-zinn\">Get into meditation\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Family\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/26/971811133/theres-never-a-right-time-for-a-baby-but-these-questions-can-help-you-decide\">Decide whether I want kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056834875/egg-freezing-process-how-much-does-it-cost\">Freeze my eggs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128737199/the-5-minute-daily-playtime-ritual-that-can-get-your-kids-to-listen-better\">Spend more quality time with my kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/11/1186984003/how-to-be-a-supportive-adult-in-a-kids-life\">Be a better auntie or uncle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141464706/how-to-start-new-traditions-that-feel-right-to-you\">Start new traditions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Finances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683530953/be-the-master-of-your-budget\">Make a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt\">Get out of debt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/10/1186764390/how-to-choose-a-bank\">Find a better bank \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/915289340/spend-savvier-save-smarter-5-tips-to-stop-stress-spending\">Stop stress spending \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/31/1191071743/how-to-have-fun-for-cheap\">Have fun on a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Relationships\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/01/1022875293/relationship-contracts-couples-useful-advice-tips\">Create a “relationship contract”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1079913837/comic-how-to-be-single-and-live-a-full-life-on-your-own-terms\">Be OK with being single \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">Get married\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">Create friends at work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The episodes were created by Life Kit. Design, development and illustrations by Connie Hanzhang Jin. Production, editing and art direction by Malaka Gharib, Clare Marie Schneider and Beck Harlan. Special thanks to Life Kit supervising editor Meghan Keane, growth editor Arielle Retting, podcast project manager Lyndsey McKenna and engagement editor Amanda Orr.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’d love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"tel:2022169823\">\u003cem>202-216-9823\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>sign up for our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Need+a+New+Year%27s+resolution%3F+Here+are+50+ways+to+improve+your+life+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "thinking-of-buying-an-ev-in-2024-heres-what-to-know-about-changes-to-the-7500-tax-credit",
"title": "Thinking of Getting an EV in 2024? Here's What to Know About Changes to the $7,500 Tax Credit",
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"headTitle": "Thinking of Getting an EV in 2024? Here’s What to Know About Changes to the $7,500 Tax Credit | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you are considering buying an electric car in 2024, there’s good news — and bad news: A hefty federal tax credit for electric vehicles is going to get easier to access next year, but fewer vehicles will likely qualify for the full $7,500 credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax credits are a key part of the Biden administration’s plan to speed up the shift to electric vehicles and slash carbon emissions from transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the government is also trying to push companies to bring more jobs to the U.S. by requiring a domestic supply chain. Those two goals can be in tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For car shoppers, the result can be confusing. We’ll do our best to help you navigate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a practical, plain English guide to how the electric vehicle tax credit will work in 2024 — including why you may also consider leasing a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s new for 2024: instant rebate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, EV buyers won’t have to wait until the following year’s tax season to claim — and pocket — the clean vehicle tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, there’s a new option to take the credit as a rebate right when you purchase the vehicle. This means that after a bit of paperwork at the dealership, the credit will be available as essentially cash in hand (or, more likely, knocked off the cost of the vehicle) on the day of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will work like this: First, after confirming the sale is eligible for the tax credit, the dealer basically fronts you the money. If you’re eligible for $7,500, the dealer credits you for that money as though you’d brought it in as cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the dealer submits documentation to the IRS, and the IRS pays back the dealer that $7,500 — effectively meaning the tax credit is being handled through the dealership.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You, the buyer, still need to be under an income cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An important part of this process is that as the buyer, you need to attest that you are under the income cap, that you’re buying the vehicle for your own use, and that you’re buying it to use in the United States. These \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/credits-for-new-clean-vehicles-purchased-in-2023-or-after\">requirements \u003c/a>have not changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That income cap is based on “modified adjusted gross income” — your income after certain deductions (like retirement contributions). It’s generally Line 11 on your \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf\">1040 form\u003c/a>, but you’ll need to add those back in if you have foreign income or income from Guam or Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The income caps for new vehicles are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$300,000 for married couples filing jointly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$225,000 for heads of households\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$150,000 for all other filers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Note that adjusted gross income (AGI) is not the same as total income (your salary before any deductions) or taxable income (which is AGI minus standard or itemized deductions).[aside label=\"more EV coverage\" tag=\"electric-vehicles\"]“It’s definitely confusing,” says Alison Flores, a manager with the Tax Institute at H&R Block. “Let’s say you’re single. Your salary is $160,000 a year. You may say, ‘Oh, I don’t qualify because I’m over $150,000,'” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But contributions to a 401(k), for instance, could easily mean your AGI is actually under the limit, she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if you aren’t sure how much money you’ll make in 2024? You can use the previous year’s income to qualify — as long as you are under that cap in either 2023 or 2024, you’re eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you make more than you expected? If you tell the dealer you are sure you met the income cap requirement, and it turns out you were over the cap in both 2023 and 2024, then you will need to repay the IRS the $7,500 tax credit when you file your 2024 taxes. (The dealer is not involved; that’s between you and the IRS to work out.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It no longer matters how much you owe in taxes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is another big benefit to taking the credit as a rebate: You get the full credit, regardless of your tax liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, a buyer would need a tax liability of at least $7,500 in a given year to get the full benefit of the credit. That’s because the credit could reduce your tax bill to zero, but it would never result in the IRS actually paying you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That functioned like an income \u003cem>minimum\u003c/em> since many low- and middle-income families owe less than that in taxes. It was also just another headache for people trying to figure out how much the credit was actually worth to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, even families with no tax liability at all can get the tax credit, effectively as a cash discount for the vehicle purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don’t need to calculate your taxes in advance to be confident in the amount you’ll get.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vehicles need to be made in America and under a price cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fully electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles can both qualify for the tax credit. To be eligible, vehicles must meet battery size and vehicle weight requirements and, more significantly, meet these two requirements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Be assembled in North America\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have a sticker price (MSRP) of less than $55,000 for cars and $80,000 for SUVs and trucks\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>It’s not always obvious which vehicles get the $55,000 cap and which get the $80,000 cap; you can confirm on \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Features can push up the sticker price, and some vehicles are assembled in multiple locations. Dealers can verify whether those requirements are met for any individual car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s more …\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Battery-sourcing requirements\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of vehicles that \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml\">qualify as of now\u003c/a> is frequently changing. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $7,500 tax credit is actually two separate credits, each worth $3,750. Vehicles can qualify for both, one or neither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify, in addition to the basic criteria above, the batteries in vehicles matter. That’s because the materials that go into those batteries also need to meet sourcing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These requirements are designed to encourage the auto industry to rely less on China and more on the U.S. for these components in the name of supply chain security and U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the $3,750 credits focuses on the raw materials inside batteries, meaning a certain percentage of critical minerals, like lithium, graphite and cobalt, need to be mined or processed in the U.S. or a trade partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other $3,750 credit is about battery manufacturing: A certain percentage of the battery’s components, like anodes, cathodes and electrolytes, need to be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the percentages go up, and the requirements get a little harder to meet. Also, starting next year, battery components can’t come from companies controlled by China.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The list of qualifying cars is shifting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So which cars will qualify next year? Good question. Again, you can check \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a> for a list of eligible vehicles, but as of late December, the site hasn’t been updated for 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some changes are likely. Tesla is warning buyers that some versions of the Model 3 will see their tax credit eligibility end after Dec. 31, and Ford believes the same is true for the Mustang Mach-E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Volkswagen is “cautiously optimistic” that the Chattanooga, Tennessee-built ID.4 will remain eligible, and General Motors says it expects to keep the credit for “many” of its EVs. Nissan is still assessing the status of its Leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worth noting: It’s when a vehicle is \u003cem>delivered\u003c/em>, not when it’s ordered or paid for, that affects which year’s requirements apply. That means if the Mach-E does drop out of eligibility in 2024, a buyer who ordered the vehicle in December but picks it up on Jan. 1 will be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leasing a car could lead to far fewer restrictions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you want to lease a vehicle, you can forget everything you just read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicles that are leased to consumers can be eligible for a version of the tax credit that is much easier to qualify for. It has no requirement that vehicles be made in America, no price cap for vehicles and no income caps. So if you want to lease a Kia EV6 from South Korea or a six-figure luxury sedan? Go to town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credit goes to the company leasing out the vehicle — not the person driving it — and companies aren’t required to pass the savings on to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, companies typically do pass along the discount in the form of a bonus applied at the start of the lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, with a lease, you have caps on mileage per year, and you’re not paying off a vehicle that you’ll eventually own free and clear. Be sure to consider whether a lease meets your needs. Make sure the discount is actually passed along to you, and read your entire contract carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV leases have \u003ca href=\"https://www.autonews.com/finance-insurance/ev-leasing-gets-boost-us-tax-credit-workaround\">increased dramatically\u003c/a> since April 2023, when many vehicles became ineligible for the purchase tax credit as the battery-sourcing restrictions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/15/1169763545/electric-cars-vehicles-tax-credit-climate-bill\">kicked in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t forget: There is also a credit for buying a used EV\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do the prices for new electric vehicles make you feel faint?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if they do, consider used ones. That’s because if you buy a used electric vehicle in 2024, from model year 2022 or earlier, there’s a tax credit for you, too. It’s worth 30% of the sales price, up to $4,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tax credit has a much lower income cap: $150,000 for a household and $75,000 for a single person. Again, that’s adjusted gross income, meaning an individual’s salary may be higher than that, and the person could still qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lower price cap, too: Vehicles must cost less than $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Used-EV prices have been falling rapidly lately, so while availability is still pretty tight, a qualifying vehicle is easier to find now than it used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of other requirements: This needs to be the first time the car was sold as a used vehicle since mid-2022. (That way, the IRS knows the used-vehicle credit gets applied only once.) You also have to buy the used vehicle from a dealership, not from an individual, and that dealership has to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/register-your-dealership-to-enable-credits-for-clean-vehicle-buyers\">registered with the IRS\u003c/a> to be able to report the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some buyers may be getting creative to meet that last requirement. The app Caramel, which is designed to facilitate private-party vehicle sales, is technically a licensed dealership. The company reports that EVs, and specifically used EVs potentially eligible for the tax credit, make up a surprisingly high percentage of transactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caramel says it plans to offer the tax credit for 2024 as an upfront discount, just like a brick-and-mortar dealership would.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Finally, you can get a very hefty credit for a business vehicle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you run a business, you may be interested in the separate commercial tax credit for EVs, which provides up to $7,500 for a light vehicle and up to $40,000 for a larger vehicle, like a delivery truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are far fewer restrictions on the commercial tax credit in terms of price cap or sourcing requirements. Of course, the vehicle does have to be used for a business purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of the credit depends on the vehicle’s purchase price: More details are \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/commercial-clean-vehicle-credit\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And note that for a single vehicle, you can get \u003cem>either \u003c/em>the clean vehicle tax credit or the commercial vehicle tax credit, but \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13039\">not both\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+%247%2C500+tax+credit+for+electric+cars+will+see+big+changes+in+2024.+What+to+know&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A hefty federal tax credit for electric vehicles is going to get easier to access next year, but fewer vehicles will likely qualify for the full $7,500 credit. This guide will walk you through it. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you are considering buying an electric car in 2024, there’s good news — and bad news: A hefty federal tax credit for electric vehicles is going to get easier to access next year, but fewer vehicles will likely qualify for the full $7,500 credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax credits are a key part of the Biden administration’s plan to speed up the shift to electric vehicles and slash carbon emissions from transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the government is also trying to push companies to bring more jobs to the U.S. by requiring a domestic supply chain. Those two goals can be in tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For car shoppers, the result can be confusing. We’ll do our best to help you navigate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a practical, plain English guide to how the electric vehicle tax credit will work in 2024 — including why you may also consider leasing a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s new for 2024: instant rebate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, EV buyers won’t have to wait until the following year’s tax season to claim — and pocket — the clean vehicle tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, there’s a new option to take the credit as a rebate right when you purchase the vehicle. This means that after a bit of paperwork at the dealership, the credit will be available as essentially cash in hand (or, more likely, knocked off the cost of the vehicle) on the day of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will work like this: First, after confirming the sale is eligible for the tax credit, the dealer basically fronts you the money. If you’re eligible for $7,500, the dealer credits you for that money as though you’d brought it in as cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the dealer submits documentation to the IRS, and the IRS pays back the dealer that $7,500 — effectively meaning the tax credit is being handled through the dealership.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You, the buyer, still need to be under an income cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An important part of this process is that as the buyer, you need to attest that you are under the income cap, that you’re buying the vehicle for your own use, and that you’re buying it to use in the United States. These \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/credits-for-new-clean-vehicles-purchased-in-2023-or-after\">requirements \u003c/a>have not changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That income cap is based on “modified adjusted gross income” — your income after certain deductions (like retirement contributions). It’s generally Line 11 on your \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf\">1040 form\u003c/a>, but you’ll need to add those back in if you have foreign income or income from Guam or Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The income caps for new vehicles are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$300,000 for married couples filing jointly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$225,000 for heads of households\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$150,000 for all other filers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Note that adjusted gross income (AGI) is not the same as total income (your salary before any deductions) or taxable income (which is AGI minus standard or itemized deductions).\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s definitely confusing,” says Alison Flores, a manager with the Tax Institute at H&R Block. “Let’s say you’re single. Your salary is $160,000 a year. You may say, ‘Oh, I don’t qualify because I’m over $150,000,'” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But contributions to a 401(k), for instance, could easily mean your AGI is actually under the limit, she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if you aren’t sure how much money you’ll make in 2024? You can use the previous year’s income to qualify — as long as you are under that cap in either 2023 or 2024, you’re eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you make more than you expected? If you tell the dealer you are sure you met the income cap requirement, and it turns out you were over the cap in both 2023 and 2024, then you will need to repay the IRS the $7,500 tax credit when you file your 2024 taxes. (The dealer is not involved; that’s between you and the IRS to work out.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It no longer matters how much you owe in taxes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is another big benefit to taking the credit as a rebate: You get the full credit, regardless of your tax liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, a buyer would need a tax liability of at least $7,500 in a given year to get the full benefit of the credit. That’s because the credit could reduce your tax bill to zero, but it would never result in the IRS actually paying you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That functioned like an income \u003cem>minimum\u003c/em> since many low- and middle-income families owe less than that in taxes. It was also just another headache for people trying to figure out how much the credit was actually worth to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, even families with no tax liability at all can get the tax credit, effectively as a cash discount for the vehicle purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don’t need to calculate your taxes in advance to be confident in the amount you’ll get.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vehicles need to be made in America and under a price cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fully electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles can both qualify for the tax credit. To be eligible, vehicles must meet battery size and vehicle weight requirements and, more significantly, meet these two requirements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Be assembled in North America\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have a sticker price (MSRP) of less than $55,000 for cars and $80,000 for SUVs and trucks\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>It’s not always obvious which vehicles get the $55,000 cap and which get the $80,000 cap; you can confirm on \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Features can push up the sticker price, and some vehicles are assembled in multiple locations. Dealers can verify whether those requirements are met for any individual car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s more …\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Battery-sourcing requirements\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of vehicles that \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml\">qualify as of now\u003c/a> is frequently changing. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $7,500 tax credit is actually two separate credits, each worth $3,750. Vehicles can qualify for both, one or neither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify, in addition to the basic criteria above, the batteries in vehicles matter. That’s because the materials that go into those batteries also need to meet sourcing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These requirements are designed to encourage the auto industry to rely less on China and more on the U.S. for these components in the name of supply chain security and U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the $3,750 credits focuses on the raw materials inside batteries, meaning a certain percentage of critical minerals, like lithium, graphite and cobalt, need to be mined or processed in the U.S. or a trade partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other $3,750 credit is about battery manufacturing: A certain percentage of the battery’s components, like anodes, cathodes and electrolytes, need to be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the percentages go up, and the requirements get a little harder to meet. Also, starting next year, battery components can’t come from companies controlled by China.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The list of qualifying cars is shifting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So which cars will qualify next year? Good question. Again, you can check \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a> for a list of eligible vehicles, but as of late December, the site hasn’t been updated for 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some changes are likely. Tesla is warning buyers that some versions of the Model 3 will see their tax credit eligibility end after Dec. 31, and Ford believes the same is true for the Mustang Mach-E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Volkswagen is “cautiously optimistic” that the Chattanooga, Tennessee-built ID.4 will remain eligible, and General Motors says it expects to keep the credit for “many” of its EVs. Nissan is still assessing the status of its Leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worth noting: It’s when a vehicle is \u003cem>delivered\u003c/em>, not when it’s ordered or paid for, that affects which year’s requirements apply. That means if the Mach-E does drop out of eligibility in 2024, a buyer who ordered the vehicle in December but picks it up on Jan. 1 will be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leasing a car could lead to far fewer restrictions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you want to lease a vehicle, you can forget everything you just read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicles that are leased to consumers can be eligible for a version of the tax credit that is much easier to qualify for. It has no requirement that vehicles be made in America, no price cap for vehicles and no income caps. So if you want to lease a Kia EV6 from South Korea or a six-figure luxury sedan? Go to town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credit goes to the company leasing out the vehicle — not the person driving it — and companies aren’t required to pass the savings on to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, companies typically do pass along the discount in the form of a bonus applied at the start of the lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, with a lease, you have caps on mileage per year, and you’re not paying off a vehicle that you’ll eventually own free and clear. Be sure to consider whether a lease meets your needs. Make sure the discount is actually passed along to you, and read your entire contract carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV leases have \u003ca href=\"https://www.autonews.com/finance-insurance/ev-leasing-gets-boost-us-tax-credit-workaround\">increased dramatically\u003c/a> since April 2023, when many vehicles became ineligible for the purchase tax credit as the battery-sourcing restrictions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/15/1169763545/electric-cars-vehicles-tax-credit-climate-bill\">kicked in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t forget: There is also a credit for buying a used EV\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do the prices for new electric vehicles make you feel faint?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if they do, consider used ones. That’s because if you buy a used electric vehicle in 2024, from model year 2022 or earlier, there’s a tax credit for you, too. It’s worth 30% of the sales price, up to $4,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tax credit has a much lower income cap: $150,000 for a household and $75,000 for a single person. Again, that’s adjusted gross income, meaning an individual’s salary may be higher than that, and the person could still qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lower price cap, too: Vehicles must cost less than $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Used-EV prices have been falling rapidly lately, so while availability is still pretty tight, a qualifying vehicle is easier to find now than it used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of other requirements: This needs to be the first time the car was sold as a used vehicle since mid-2022. (That way, the IRS knows the used-vehicle credit gets applied only once.) You also have to buy the used vehicle from a dealership, not from an individual, and that dealership has to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/register-your-dealership-to-enable-credits-for-clean-vehicle-buyers\">registered with the IRS\u003c/a> to be able to report the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some buyers may be getting creative to meet that last requirement. The app Caramel, which is designed to facilitate private-party vehicle sales, is technically a licensed dealership. The company reports that EVs, and specifically used EVs potentially eligible for the tax credit, make up a surprisingly high percentage of transactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caramel says it plans to offer the tax credit for 2024 as an upfront discount, just like a brick-and-mortar dealership would.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Finally, you can get a very hefty credit for a business vehicle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you run a business, you may be interested in the separate commercial tax credit for EVs, which provides up to $7,500 for a light vehicle and up to $40,000 for a larger vehicle, like a delivery truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are far fewer restrictions on the commercial tax credit in terms of price cap or sourcing requirements. Of course, the vehicle does have to be used for a business purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of the credit depends on the vehicle’s purchase price: More details are \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/commercial-clean-vehicle-credit\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And note that for a single vehicle, you can get \u003cem>either \u003c/em>the clean vehicle tax credit or the commercial vehicle tax credit, but \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13039\">not both\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+%247%2C500+tax+credit+for+electric+cars+will+see+big+changes+in+2024.+What+to+know&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A composting program at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wesleyschool.org/\">The Wesley School\u003c/a> in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth-grade students get hands-on experience with making dirt while also teaching them ways to address human-driven climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill where it would just decompose and produce planet-warming gasses. [aside postID=science_1985830 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/12/GettyImages-1419796991-1020x667.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://www.jennisilverstein.com/\">Jennifer Silverstein,\u003c/a> a therapist, a social worker, and part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatepsychology.us/\">Climate Psychology Alliance of North America, \u003c/a>says the school’s composting program checks a lot of the boxes for effective, positive climate education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of [teaching kids] just, ‘all these horrible things are happening,’ it’s like, ‘all these horrible things are happening, and there’s all these adults out there who are really actively trying to make it better. And here’s ways you can participate,'” Silverstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school’s composting program started in 2022, and in October this year, the school held a celebration to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK! Want to crack this baby open?” says Steven Wynbrandt, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wynbrandtfarms.com/\">local farmer\u003c/a> and composting consultant who has helped the school with its program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Yeah!” from the dozens of students to his question is deafening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They pepper Wynbrandt with questions as he breaks the ties that hold the container closed: “Is it going to smell?” “What’s it going to look like?” “Is it going to spill out?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich black compost spills out from the container.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t stink at all!” says one of the kids. “It smells earthy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5,200 pounds of food waste diverted from a landfill is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/snep/composting-food-waste-keeping-good-thing-going#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20composting%20lowers%20greenhouse,in%20the%20presence%20of%20oxygen.\">great news for the climate\u003c/a>. Food that breaks down in a landfill produces \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">methane\u003c/a> — one of the most potent planet-warming gasses. But transforming organic material into compost means there’s less methane going into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wesley School staff could have easily tossed the school’s food waste into a city-provided green bin. California law requires municipal food waste to be recycled. But taking it out of sight, which would have been easier, would have missed the point, says science teacher Johnna Hampton-Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s invisible like that, they don’t see it,” she says. “They know, but it doesn’t sink in.” [aside postID=news_11967943 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/EdSource01-1020x755.jpeg']When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile, it sank in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my orange chicken in there,” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is \u003cem>my \u003c/em>food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps the planet, instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the response Wynbrandt wants. He wants to work with more schools like The Wesley School to start these composting programs. “A lot of us, especially kids, feel really overwhelmed and powerless and don’t know what to do,” Wynbrandt says about the climate crisis. “This is quite an existential crisis, and how do we make a difference? How do we make a dent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapist Jennifer Silverstein says part of helping youth understand the gravity of human-caused climate change is to build their tolerance to new — and sometimes devastating — information. She says during those difficult conversations, it helps to allow them to be outside in nature, and participate in collective action. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Leo, a fifth grader, The Wesley School in Los Angeles\"]‘Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night. If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.’[/pullquote]Fifth grader Sloan felt so empowered by the school’s compositing program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders, Sloane says, “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200, and we donated it to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/\">NRDC\u003c/a>,” the Natural Resources Defense Council. They also helped create a petition to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Leo says he’s found the composting program helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night,” he says. “If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October it took two hours for the container of compost to be emptied and prepared to receive the next day’s lunch leftovers. The other four containers remain full of food waste that’s in the process of breaking down. Decorated posters on the outside of each container indicate when in the new year they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit from the rich soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A composting program at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wesleyschool.org/\">The Wesley School\u003c/a> in Los Angeles is helping kindergarten through eighth-grade students get hands-on experience with making dirt while also teaching them ways to address human-driven climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill where it would just decompose and produce planet-warming gasses. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jennisilverstein.com/\">Jennifer Silverstein,\u003c/a> a therapist, a social worker, and part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatepsychology.us/\">Climate Psychology Alliance of North America, \u003c/a>says the school’s composting program checks a lot of the boxes for effective, positive climate education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of [teaching kids] just, ‘all these horrible things are happening,’ it’s like, ‘all these horrible things are happening, and there’s all these adults out there who are really actively trying to make it better. And here’s ways you can participate,'” Silverstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school’s composting program started in 2022, and in October this year, the school held a celebration to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK! Want to crack this baby open?” says Steven Wynbrandt, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wynbrandtfarms.com/\">local farmer\u003c/a> and composting consultant who has helped the school with its program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Yeah!” from the dozens of students to his question is deafening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They pepper Wynbrandt with questions as he breaks the ties that hold the container closed: “Is it going to smell?” “What’s it going to look like?” “Is it going to spill out?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich black compost spills out from the container.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t stink at all!” says one of the kids. “It smells earthy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5,200 pounds of food waste diverted from a landfill is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/snep/composting-food-waste-keeping-good-thing-going#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20composting%20lowers%20greenhouse,in%20the%20presence%20of%20oxygen.\">great news for the climate\u003c/a>. Food that breaks down in a landfill produces \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">methane\u003c/a> — one of the most potent planet-warming gasses. But transforming organic material into compost means there’s less methane going into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wesley School staff could have easily tossed the school’s food waste into a city-provided green bin. California law requires municipal food waste to be recycled. But taking it out of sight, which would have been easier, would have missed the point, says science teacher Johnna Hampton-Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it’s invisible like that, they don’t see it,” she says. “They know, but it doesn’t sink in.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When sixth grader Finn saw the finished compost pile, it sank in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my orange chicken in there,” he says. “That’s not just like any food. Somewhere in there is \u003cem>my \u003c/em>food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will be offered to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Kingston was excited to learn his food waste will help grow new food on campus. “It feels good that you’re doing something that helps the planet, instead of just sitting and watching it get destroyed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the response Wynbrandt wants. He wants to work with more schools like The Wesley School to start these composting programs. “A lot of us, especially kids, feel really overwhelmed and powerless and don’t know what to do,” Wynbrandt says about the climate crisis. “This is quite an existential crisis, and how do we make a difference? How do we make a dent?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapist Jennifer Silverstein says part of helping youth understand the gravity of human-caused climate change is to build their tolerance to new — and sometimes devastating — information. She says during those difficult conversations, it helps to allow them to be outside in nature, and participate in collective action. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fifth grader Sloan felt so empowered by the school’s compositing program she decided to take climate action outside of school. Along with several other fifth graders, Sloane says, “We did a lemonade stand at our friend’s house and we made over $200, and we donated it to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/\">NRDC\u003c/a>,” the Natural Resources Defense Council. They also helped create a petition to replace the plastic forks and spoons in the school cafeteria with compostable ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifth grader Leo says he’s found the composting program helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing I’m a part of something good just helps me sleep at night,” he says. “If we can just work together, it’s all going to be OK and everything’s going to work out fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October it took two hours for the container of compost to be emptied and prepared to receive the next day’s lunch leftovers. The other four containers remain full of food waste that’s in the process of breaking down. Decorated posters on the outside of each container indicate when in the new year they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit from the rich soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NASA Uses Laser to Beam This Cute Cat Video to Earth",
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"content": "\u003cp>An orange tabby cat named Taters stars in the first video transmitted by laser from deep space, stealing the show as he chases a red laser light. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Joby Harris, art director, JPL's DesignLab\"]‘I’m celebrating his spotlight with him, but making sure he keeps his paws on the carpet.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-tech-demo-streams-first-video-from-deep-space-via-laser\">The 15-second video\u003c/a> was beamed to Earth from NASA’s Psyche spacecraft, 19 million miles away. The ultra-high-definition video took less than two minutes to reach Caltech’s Palomar Observatory, sent at the test system’s maximum rate of 267 megabits per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video was loaded into Psyche’s laser communication experiment before the spacecraft blasted off to a rare metal asteroid in October. The mission team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, decided to feature an employee’s 3-year-old playful kitty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video was streamed to Earth on Dec. 11 and released by NASA this week. Despite the vast distance, the test relayed the video faster than most broadband internet connections here on Earth, said the project’s Ryan Rogalin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1736900843813605759\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA wants to improve communications from deep space, especially as astronauts gear up to return to the moon with an eye toward Mars. [aside postID=science_1984704 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/10/231016-AMES-RESEARCH-CENTER-NASA-1020x680.jpg']The laser demo is meant to transmit data at rates up to 100 times greater than the radio systems currently used by spacecraft far from Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More test transmissions are planned as Psyche heads toward the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. But Taters won’t be making any more appearances, according to JPL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joby Harris, an art director in JPL’s DesignLab, couldn’t be prouder but doesn’t want his cat’s newfound celebrity to go to his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m celebrating his spotlight with him, but making sure he keeps his paws on the carpet,” Harris said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>A student project has revealed yet another power of artificial intelligence — it can be extremely good at geolocating where photos are taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, known as Predicting Image Geolocations (or PIGEON, for short), was designed by three Stanford graduate students to identify locations on Google Street View. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jay Stanley, senior policy analyst, American Civil Liberties Union\"]‘From a privacy point of view, your location can be a very sensitive set of information.’[/pullquote]But when presented with a few personal photos it had never seen before, the program was, in the majority of cases, able to make accurate guesses about where the photos were taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many applications of AI, this new power is likely to be a double-edged sword: It may help people identify the locations of old snapshots from relatives or allow field biologists to conduct rapid surveys of entire regions for invasive plant species, to name but a few of many likely beneficial applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it could also be used to expose information about individuals they never intended to share, says Jay Stanley, a senior policy analyst at the American Civil Liberties Union who studies technology. Stanley worries that similar technology, which he feels will almost certainly become widely available, could be used for government surveillance, corporate tracking, or even stalking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a privacy point of view, your location can be a very sensitive set of information,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>AI has arrived at your destination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It all began with a class at Stanford: Computer Science 330, Deep Multi-task and Meta Learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three friends, Michal Skreta, Silas Alberti and Lukas Haas, needed a project, and they shared a common hobby:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that time, we were actually big players of a Swedish game called GeoGuessr,” Skreta says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.geoguessr.com/\">GeoGuessr\u003c/a> is an online game that challenges players to geolocate photos. It has a pretty straightforward setup, Skreta says: “You enter the game, you’re placed somewhere in the world on Google Street View, and you’re supposed to place a pin on the map that is your best guess of the location.” [aside postID=news_11960814 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-01-KQED-1020x673.jpg']The game has over 50 million players who compete in world championships, adds Silas Alberti, another member of the project. “It has YouTubers, Twitch streamers, pro players.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students wanted to see if they could build an AI player that could do better than humans. They started with an existing system for analyzing images called \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/research/clip\">CLIP\u003c/a>. It’s a neural network program that can learn about visual images just by reading text about them, and it’s built by OpenAI, the same company that makes ChatGPT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford students trained their version of the system with images from Google Street View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We created our own dataset of around 500,000 street view images,” Alberti says. “That’s actually not that much data, [and] we were able to get quite spectacular performance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team added additional pieces to the program, including one that helped the AI classify images by their position on the globe. When completed, the PIGEON system could identify the location of a Google Street View image anywhere on Earth. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Silas Alberti, PhD student, Stanford University\"]‘We created our own dataset of around 500,000 street view images. That’s actually not that much data, [and] we were able to get quite spectacular performance.’[/pullquote]It guesses the correct country 95% of the time and can usually pick a location within about 25 miles of the actual site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, they pitted their algorithm against a human. Specifically, a really good human named Trevor Rainbolt. Rainbolt is a legend in geoguessing circles —he recently geolocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/reel/C0P96JBS-ei/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA==\">a photo of a random tree\u003c/a> in Illinois, just for kicks — but he met his match with PIGEON. In \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/ts5lPDV--cU?si=6yPIPfSyMmVHZh8r\">a head-to-head competition\u003c/a>, he lost multiple rounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We weren’t the first AI that played against Rainbolt,” Alberti says. “We’re just the first AI that won against Rainbolt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Noticing the little things\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>PIGEON excels because it can pick up on all the little clues humans can, and many more subtle ones, like slight differences in foliage, soil, and weather. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michal Skreta, student, Stanford University\"]‘You like this destination in Italy; where in the world could you go if you want to see something similar?’[/pullquote]The group says the technology has all kinds of potential applications. It could identify roads or power lines that need fixing, help monitor biodiversity, or be used as a teaching tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skreta believes ordinary people will also find it useful: “You like this destination in Italy; where in the world could you go if you want to see something similar?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test PIGEON’s performance, I gave it five personal photos from a trip I took across America years ago, none of which have been published online. Some photos were snapped in cities, but a few were taken in places nowhere near roads or other easily recognizable landmarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That didn’t seem to matter much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It guessed a campsite in Yellowstone within around 35 miles of the actual location. The program placed another photo, taken on a street in San Francisco, within a few city blocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every photo was an easy match: The program mistakenly linked one image taken on the front range of Wyoming to a spot along the front range of Colorado, more than a hundred miles away. And it guessed that a picture of the Snake River Canyon in Idaho was of the Kawarau Gorge in New Zealand (in fairness, the two landscapes look remarkably similar). [aside label='More Stories on Artificial Intelligence' tag='artificial-intelligence']The ACLU’s Jay Stanley thinks despite these stumbles, the program clearly shows the potential power of AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that this was done as a student project makes you wonder what could be done by, for example, Google,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google already has a feature known as “location estimation,” which uses AI to guess a photo’s location. Currently, it only uses a catalog of roughly a million landmarks rather than the\u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/products/maps/street-view-15-new-features/#:~:text=Fast%20forward%20to%20today%3A%20There,from%20their%20phone%20or%20computer.\"> 220 billion street-view images\u003c/a> that Google has collected. The company told NPR that users \u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/photos/answer/6153599?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform%3DAndroid\">can disable the feature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanley worries that companies might soon use AI to track where you’ve traveled or that governments might check your photos to see if you’ve visited a country on a watchlist. Stalking and abuse are also obvious threats, he says. In the past, Stanley says, people have been able to remove GPS location tagging from photos they post online. That may not work anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford graduate students are well aware of the risks. They’ve written \u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.05845\">a paper\u003c/a> on their technique, which they co-authored with their professor, Chelsea Finn — but they’ve held back from making their full model publicly available precisely because of these concerns, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Stanley thinks using AI for geolocation will become even more powerful going forward. He doubts there’s much to be done — except to be aware of what’s in the background photos you post online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"filterData": {
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"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
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"userAgentReducer": {
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"isBot": true
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"requestOutcomesReducer": {
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}
}
