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"content": "\u003cp>The speed limit in front of Linwood Holton Elementary School in Richmond, Virginia, is 25 miles per hour at drop-off and dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tara FitzPatrick says it’s not unusual to see drivers doing twice that. And she has the receipts to prove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So he officially hit the school zone doing 50 miles an hour through a crosswalk,” FitzPatrick says, pointing her radar gun at a gray Chevrolet SUV flying by in the left lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is \u003ca href=\"https://www.vpm.org/news/2023-11-10/speed-camera-linwood-holton-patrick-henry-richmond\">one of two schools in Richmond where the city has installed new enforcement cameras\u003c/a> to catch speeders. FitzPatrick has two children at the school. She’s also a traffic safety advocate for the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://grfit4kids.org/\">Greater Richmond Fit4Kids\u003c/a>, which is why she owns a radar gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11956244]Still, FitzPatrick has mixed feelings about the speed cameras. She’d rather see the whole street redesigned to discourage speeding and protect pedestrians and bicyclists. But she also knows that won’t happen anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us feel desperate” to make streets safer,” FitzPatrick says. “If I could make a quick fix tomorrow, it would not be any type of speed enforcement. It would not be school zone speed enforcement cameras. But that’s the option that we’re left with at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Advocates say speeding tickets change behavior\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Richmond joins a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112886619\">growing list of cities turning to speed cameras\u003c/a>. New laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956244/controversial-speeding-ticket-cameras-could-come-to-3-bay-area-cities-under-proposed-california-bill\">in California\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-speed-cameras-roosevelt-boulevard-safety/\">Pennsylvania will allow them\u003c/a> in major cities where they’ve long been blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/06/1216557190/car-crash-accident-speeding-technology-slow-down-speed-assistance\">Traffic fatalities have risen sharply over the past decade\u003c/a>, and safety advocates around the country are desperately searching for anything that will get drivers to slow down. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-automated-speed-cameras-disproportionately-affect-black-and-brown-drivers\">critics say speed cameras can financially burden those who are least able to pay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, they’ve earned the endorsement of prominent safety advocates, including Jonathan Adkins, the CEO of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghsa.org/\">Governors Highway Safety Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automated enforcement works,” Adkins says. “For lack of a better term, it sucks to get a ticket. It changes your behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police departments in many places have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/06/1167980495/americas-roads-are-more-dangerous-as-police-pull-over-fewer-drivers\">scaled back\u003c/a> their traffic enforcement, Adkins says, and speeding and reckless driving seem to worsen. He says automated cameras can help fill that void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is, how do we deploy them in a fair and equitable way with the public support?” Adkins says. “It can’t be a gotcha, it can’t be a surprise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Skeptics say speed cameras are a cash grab\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No one likes getting a speeding ticket. But the objections to automated traffic enforcement go deeper than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very skeptical that safety is the real goal,” says Jay Beeber with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.motorists.org/\">National Motorists Association\u003c/a>, a driver advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other ways to get drivers to slow down, Beeber says, including speed feedback signs that show drivers how fast they’re going in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s many ways to get greater compliance,” Beeber says. But many cities are focused on speeding cameras “because they do not want to lose the money from the tickets they are issuing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety advocates have touted automated enforcement as a neutral alternative to police stops, which can be potentially biased by race, and as a way to reduce unnecessary interactions between police and communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Traffic Safety' link1='https://www.kqed.org/news/11903812/traffic-deaths-in-california-are-on-the-rise-heres-how-la-and-other-big-cities-are-trying-to-change-that,Traffic Deaths in California Are on the Rise. How LA and Other Big Cities Are Trying to Change That' link2='https://video.kqed.org/video/speed-cameras-1688845910/,Why Black and Brown Drivers Bear the Brunt of Speed Cameras' link3='https://www.kqed.org/news/11926357/despite-privacy-concerns-san-francisco-supervisors-expand-police-access-to-live-camera-feeds,Despite Privacy Concerns, San Francisco Supervisors Expand Police Access to Live Camera Feeds']But in practice, that hasn’t always been the case. Studies in \u003ca href=\"https://finesandfeesjusticecenter.org/articles/predominantly-black-neighborhoods-in-d-c-bear-the-brunt-of-automated-traffic-enforcement/\">Washington, D.C.\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://indigo.uic.edu/articles/report/Red_Light_and_Speed_Cameras_Analyzing_the_Equity_and_Efficacy_of_Chicago_s_Automated_Camera_Enforcement_Program/22184059\">Chicago \u003c/a>show that tickets from automated enforcement are paid disproportionately by people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automated enforcement has become a significant revenue driver for the city,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.equiticity.com/oboi\">Olatunji Oboi Reed\u003c/a>, who runs a nonprofit in Chicago called Equiticity. “And it’s financially harmful to Black and brown people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Reed says, Chicago has failed to fix some of the most dangerous intersections or to redesign roads to discourage speeding and encourage biking or public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only solution we get is automated enforcement,” Reed says. “That’s not a failure of Black people who speed and run red lights. That’s a failure of the transportation sector in Chicago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New laws expand the reach of cameras\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Speed camera advocates insist they’ve learned from those mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that our cities have all the tools that are effective that they need to stop the carnage,” says Laura Friedman, a state assemblywoman in California who \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB645\">sponsored the state law authorizing automated cameras\u003c/a> as part of a pilot program in six cities across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman, who was formerly the mayor of Glendale, California, says local communities will be involved in choosing locations for those cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We make sure it can’t be a money grab because the money can only be used for physical speed-lowering improvements on the same streets where you’re using the cameras,” she says. “So it’s really about changing the culture and slowing traffic down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speed cameras have been used \u003ca href=\"https://project.wnyc.org/speed-cameras/\">for over a decade in New York City\u003c/a>, and safety advocates there say they’ve worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a model to other cities about how automated enforcement can roll out equitably,” says Danny Harris, the executive director of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://transalt.org/\">Transportation Alternatives\u003c/a>, “because of the way it’s rolled out across the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cameras have succeeded in changing drivers’ behavior, Harris argues, noting that drivers who get a first ticket are 60% less likely to get a second one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It should be very easy,” Harris says. “If you don’t want a ticket, don’t speed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Still, FitzPatrick has mixed feelings about the speed cameras. She’d rather see the whole street redesigned to discourage speeding and protect pedestrians and bicyclists. But she also knows that won’t happen anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of us feel desperate” to make streets safer,” FitzPatrick says. “If I could make a quick fix tomorrow, it would not be any type of speed enforcement. It would not be school zone speed enforcement cameras. But that’s the option that we’re left with at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Advocates say speeding tickets change behavior\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Richmond joins a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112886619\">growing list of cities turning to speed cameras\u003c/a>. New laws \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11956244/controversial-speeding-ticket-cameras-could-come-to-3-bay-area-cities-under-proposed-california-bill\">in California\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-speed-cameras-roosevelt-boulevard-safety/\">Pennsylvania will allow them\u003c/a> in major cities where they’ve long been blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/06/1216557190/car-crash-accident-speeding-technology-slow-down-speed-assistance\">Traffic fatalities have risen sharply over the past decade\u003c/a>, and safety advocates around the country are desperately searching for anything that will get drivers to slow down. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/why-automated-speed-cameras-disproportionately-affect-black-and-brown-drivers\">critics say speed cameras can financially burden those who are least able to pay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, they’ve earned the endorsement of prominent safety advocates, including Jonathan Adkins, the CEO of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghsa.org/\">Governors Highway Safety Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automated enforcement works,” Adkins says. “For lack of a better term, it sucks to get a ticket. It changes your behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police departments in many places have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/06/1167980495/americas-roads-are-more-dangerous-as-police-pull-over-fewer-drivers\">scaled back\u003c/a> their traffic enforcement, Adkins says, and speeding and reckless driving seem to worsen. He says automated cameras can help fill that void.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is, how do we deploy them in a fair and equitable way with the public support?” Adkins says. “It can’t be a gotcha, it can’t be a surprise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Skeptics say speed cameras are a cash grab\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No one likes getting a speeding ticket. But the objections to automated traffic enforcement go deeper than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very skeptical that safety is the real goal,” says Jay Beeber with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.motorists.org/\">National Motorists Association\u003c/a>, a driver advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other ways to get drivers to slow down, Beeber says, including speed feedback signs that show drivers how fast they’re going in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s many ways to get greater compliance,” Beeber says. But many cities are focused on speeding cameras “because they do not want to lose the money from the tickets they are issuing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety advocates have touted automated enforcement as a neutral alternative to police stops, which can be potentially biased by race, and as a way to reduce unnecessary interactions between police and communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But in practice, that hasn’t always been the case. Studies in \u003ca href=\"https://finesandfeesjusticecenter.org/articles/predominantly-black-neighborhoods-in-d-c-bear-the-brunt-of-automated-traffic-enforcement/\">Washington, D.C.\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://indigo.uic.edu/articles/report/Red_Light_and_Speed_Cameras_Analyzing_the_Equity_and_Efficacy_of_Chicago_s_Automated_Camera_Enforcement_Program/22184059\">Chicago \u003c/a>show that tickets from automated enforcement are paid disproportionately by people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Automated enforcement has become a significant revenue driver for the city,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.equiticity.com/oboi\">Olatunji Oboi Reed\u003c/a>, who runs a nonprofit in Chicago called Equiticity. “And it’s financially harmful to Black and brown people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, Reed says, Chicago has failed to fix some of the most dangerous intersections or to redesign roads to discourage speeding and encourage biking or public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only solution we get is automated enforcement,” Reed says. “That’s not a failure of Black people who speed and run red lights. That’s a failure of the transportation sector in Chicago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New laws expand the reach of cameras\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Speed camera advocates insist they’ve learned from those mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure that our cities have all the tools that are effective that they need to stop the carnage,” says Laura Friedman, a state assemblywoman in California who \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB645\">sponsored the state law authorizing automated cameras\u003c/a> as part of a pilot program in six cities across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedman, who was formerly the mayor of Glendale, California, says local communities will be involved in choosing locations for those cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We make sure it can’t be a money grab because the money can only be used for physical speed-lowering improvements on the same streets where you’re using the cameras,” she says. “So it’s really about changing the culture and slowing traffic down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speed cameras have been used \u003ca href=\"https://project.wnyc.org/speed-cameras/\">for over a decade in New York City\u003c/a>, and safety advocates there say they’ve worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a model to other cities about how automated enforcement can roll out equitably,” says Danny Harris, the executive director of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://transalt.org/\">Transportation Alternatives\u003c/a>, “because of the way it’s rolled out across the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cameras have succeeded in changing drivers’ behavior, Harris argues, noting that drivers who get a first ticket are 60% less likely to get a second one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It should be very easy,” Harris says. “If you don’t want a ticket, don’t speed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Could Vacant Office Spaces Across the US Be the Solution to a National Housing Problem? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Across the United States, empty office buildings are leaving once-bustling downtown areas with less foot traffic and are forcing experts, residents and officials to figure out what exactly will happen with these vacant structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://cw-gbl-gws-prod.azureedge.net/-/media/cw/marketbeat-pdfs/2023/q4/us-reports/office/us_office_marketbeat_q4-2023.pdf?rev=1c7acb477abe4e89b557c770f643bd10\">recent study from the real estate firm Cushman & Wakefield\u003c/a> found that about a fifth of U.S. office space was vacant as of the end of last year. The vacancy rate varies, with cities like Los Angeles, Houston and Cincinnati hovering around 25% and cities like Savannah, Georgia, and Naples, Florida coming in under 5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high vacancy rate is about more than just the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/08/1230211370/empty-office-buildings-litter-cities-but-real-estate-expert-says-expect-change-s\">shift to a work-from-home culture because of the COVID-19 pandemic\u003c/a>, according to David Smith, the head of Americas Insights at Cushman & Wakefield, who authored the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really four factors over the last few years that have impacted office occupancy,” he told NPR. “One is we’ve had a lot of economic uncertainty going back to 2020 and early 2021 and then, again, certainly over the last year as interest rates have risen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also factors in remote and hybrid work, the surplus of new constructions more appealing to office seekers and a pivot to subleased space to help offset the costs of owning office real estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these challenges, Smith is optimistic that vacancy is reaching a peak and that a return to office spaces is imminent for two main reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One is we expect to see job growth accelerate when we head into 2025 and beyond and that office-using industries, in particular, will take up a disproportionate share of new jobs that are created,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And two, we’re tracking several hundred different companies and their policies around in-office work. And all of them, if they’ve changed their policies over the last couple of years, are actually moving towards having people in more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An uncertain return to the office\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The debate around return-to-office policies has been playing out for well over a year now as bosses and workers navigate what a post-pandemic world should look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the private sector, in-office requirements were becoming stricter, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/01/1196731284/return-to-office-rto-hybrid-remote-work-from-home-zoom\">NPR’s Andrea Hsu reported in September\u003c/a>, echoing what Smith’s policy tracking has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11955554 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/230630100-Van-Ness-MB-KQED-1020x453.jpg']“What we’ve found is, people have enjoyed coming back to the office,” Zoom’s chief people officer, Matthew Saxon, said last year. “There is a buzz. There’s something about being able to go have lunch with your teammates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoom is just one company on a growing list that is veering away from remote work by bumping up weekly mandatory days in the office for employees. Some other companies have started requiring employees to move near office hubs and have begun eliminating fully remote positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is despite some workers reporting higher levels of job satisfaction, work-life balance and productivity when given the choice between working remotely or in the office, and some researchers saying that an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/30/1227828564/has-remote-work-really-been-tragic-for-big-companies-bottom-lines\">in-office presence has not helped big companies make more money\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A possible pivot away from office space altogether\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the U.S. faces a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/24/1221480443/most-homes-for-sale-in-2023-were-not-affordable-for-a-typical-u-s-household\">well-documented housing problem\u003c/a> and as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1174938708/commercial-real-estate-property-offices-work-from-home-remote-work\">office-building landlords face a vacancy crisis\u003c/a>, some people have begun exploring whether there could be a mutually beneficial resolution for the two groups — converting empty buildings into residential housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976145\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976145\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-1020x336.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-1536x506.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-2048x675.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-1920x633.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: The 100 Van Ness building in San Francisco, which was built in 1974, was converted from office space to residential apartment units in 2012. Right: The kitchen and living space of a converted apartment unit at 100 Van Ness, on June 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955554/could-empty-offices-in-san-francisco-be-converted-to-homes\">relaxed rules for some office-to-residential conversions\u003c/a>. In Washington, D.C., the mayor \u003ca href=\"https://dcist.com/story/23/04/05/dc-bowser-budget-downtown-tax-breaks/\">proposed bigger tax breaks for office conversions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet converting spaces has proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/24/1189403058/downtown-real-estate-housing-offices\">expensive, complicated and time-consuming\u003c/a>, with the process often also steeped in bureaucracy. It’s also harder to do for buildings constructed after 1950, according to Robert Fuller of the architecture firm Gensler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the kind of older prewar office buildings have already been converted and tend to work fairly well,” Fuller told NPR last year. “What we’re seeing now is a flood of buildings built in the ’50s, ’60s, ’70s, ’80s that were much deeper. The advent of air conditioning and fluorescent lighting allowed these much larger floor-plate buildings, and those tend to be a little bit more challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Robert Fuller, architect and Residential leader, Gensler\"]‘A lot of the kind of older prewar office buildings have already been converted and tend to work fairly well. What we’re seeing now is a flood of buildings built in the ’50s, ’60s, ’70s, ’80s that were much deeper … and those tend to be a little bit more challenging.’[/pullquote]That’s because the center is often darker and doesn’t get sunlight, which makes conversion into homes harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Cushman & Wakefield’s Smith, he said the office will continue to be part of the U.S. landscape for decades to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the long-term trajectory is that the office is a central part of the economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is an opportunity for the office market as well to redevelop itself. And actually, in 10 or 15 years, we’ll look back and the office market will have revolutionized itself in a really exciting way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The interview with David Smith was conducted by Sacha Pfeiffer, produced by Alejandra Marquez Janse and edited by Sarah Handel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Across the United States, empty office buildings are leaving once-bustling downtown areas with less foot traffic and are forcing experts, residents and officials to figure out what exactly will happen with these vacant structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://cw-gbl-gws-prod.azureedge.net/-/media/cw/marketbeat-pdfs/2023/q4/us-reports/office/us_office_marketbeat_q4-2023.pdf?rev=1c7acb477abe4e89b557c770f643bd10\">recent study from the real estate firm Cushman & Wakefield\u003c/a> found that about a fifth of U.S. office space was vacant as of the end of last year. The vacancy rate varies, with cities like Los Angeles, Houston and Cincinnati hovering around 25% and cities like Savannah, Georgia, and Naples, Florida coming in under 5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high vacancy rate is about more than just the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/08/1230211370/empty-office-buildings-litter-cities-but-real-estate-expert-says-expect-change-s\">shift to a work-from-home culture because of the COVID-19 pandemic\u003c/a>, according to David Smith, the head of Americas Insights at Cushman & Wakefield, who authored the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really four factors over the last few years that have impacted office occupancy,” he told NPR. “One is we’ve had a lot of economic uncertainty going back to 2020 and early 2021 and then, again, certainly over the last year as interest rates have risen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also factors in remote and hybrid work, the surplus of new constructions more appealing to office seekers and a pivot to subleased space to help offset the costs of owning office real estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these challenges, Smith is optimistic that vacancy is reaching a peak and that a return to office spaces is imminent for two main reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One is we expect to see job growth accelerate when we head into 2025 and beyond and that office-using industries, in particular, will take up a disproportionate share of new jobs that are created,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And two, we’re tracking several hundred different companies and their policies around in-office work. And all of them, if they’ve changed their policies over the last couple of years, are actually moving towards having people in more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An uncertain return to the office\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The debate around return-to-office policies has been playing out for well over a year now as bosses and workers navigate what a post-pandemic world should look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the private sector, in-office requirements were becoming stricter, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/01/1196731284/return-to-office-rto-hybrid-remote-work-from-home-zoom\">NPR’s Andrea Hsu reported in September\u003c/a>, echoing what Smith’s policy tracking has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“What we’ve found is, people have enjoyed coming back to the office,” Zoom’s chief people officer, Matthew Saxon, said last year. “There is a buzz. There’s something about being able to go have lunch with your teammates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoom is just one company on a growing list that is veering away from remote work by bumping up weekly mandatory days in the office for employees. Some other companies have started requiring employees to move near office hubs and have begun eliminating fully remote positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is despite some workers reporting higher levels of job satisfaction, work-life balance and productivity when given the choice between working remotely or in the office, and some researchers saying that an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/30/1227828564/has-remote-work-really-been-tragic-for-big-companies-bottom-lines\">in-office presence has not helped big companies make more money\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A possible pivot away from office space altogether\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the U.S. faces a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/24/1221480443/most-homes-for-sale-in-2023-were-not-affordable-for-a-typical-u-s-household\">well-documented housing problem\u003c/a> and as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1174938708/commercial-real-estate-property-offices-work-from-home-remote-work\">office-building landlords face a vacancy crisis\u003c/a>, some people have begun exploring whether there could be a mutually beneficial resolution for the two groups — converting empty buildings into residential housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976145\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976145\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-800x264.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-1020x336.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-1536x506.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-2048x675.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/240215-100-Van-Ness-DIPTYCH-MD-01-1920x633.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: The 100 Van Ness building in San Francisco, which was built in 1974, was converted from office space to residential apartment units in 2012. Right: The kitchen and living space of a converted apartment unit at 100 Van Ness, on June 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco officials, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11955554/could-empty-offices-in-san-francisco-be-converted-to-homes\">relaxed rules for some office-to-residential conversions\u003c/a>. In Washington, D.C., the mayor \u003ca href=\"https://dcist.com/story/23/04/05/dc-bowser-budget-downtown-tax-breaks/\">proposed bigger tax breaks for office conversions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet converting spaces has proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/24/1189403058/downtown-real-estate-housing-offices\">expensive, complicated and time-consuming\u003c/a>, with the process often also steeped in bureaucracy. It’s also harder to do for buildings constructed after 1950, according to Robert Fuller of the architecture firm Gensler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the kind of older prewar office buildings have already been converted and tend to work fairly well,” Fuller told NPR last year. “What we’re seeing now is a flood of buildings built in the ’50s, ’60s, ’70s, ’80s that were much deeper. The advent of air conditioning and fluorescent lighting allowed these much larger floor-plate buildings, and those tend to be a little bit more challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s because the center is often darker and doesn’t get sunlight, which makes conversion into homes harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Cushman & Wakefield’s Smith, he said the office will continue to be part of the U.S. landscape for decades to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the long-term trajectory is that the office is a central part of the economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is an opportunity for the office market as well to redevelop itself. And actually, in 10 or 15 years, we’ll look back and the office market will have revolutionized itself in a really exciting way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The interview with David Smith was conducted by Sacha Pfeiffer, produced by Alejandra Marquez Janse and edited by Sarah Handel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A California Border Community Sees a Dip in Immigration. Where Have All the People Gone?",
"headTitle": "A California Border Community Sees a Dip in Immigration. Where Have All the People Gone? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A little over a month ago, the small California community of Jacumba, on the U.S.-Mexico border, was a scene of chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds — sometimes as many as a thousand — migrants, including children, were stuck in open-air camps for hours and even days on end to await processing by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. They had little access to water, food, shelter or even bathrooms. Local townspeople told NPR they felt overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing seizures, diabetic emergencies, broken bones, burns, lots of burns,” said local resident and volunteer Karen Parker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sam Schultz, volunteer and local resident\"]‘Up until a week ago we were having people dropped off in the camps all during the day and night. At this point the numbers are just 10% of what they were before.’[/pullquote]Just a few weeks later, the situation in Jacumba has changed dramatically. The camp is still there, and those inside are no less desperate. But the numbers are down sharply, and local residents say that is just part of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR returned to Jacumba earlier this month following \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/21/1213597119/border-patrol-migrants-unofficial-camps-jacumba-california-desert\">an investigation last year into unofficial migrant detention camps\u003c/a>, it was much colder. In one of the camps, a few feet away from the U.S.-Mexico border wall, amidst piles of trash, several dozen families, including small children, huddled around crackling makeshift bonfires. Kurdish, Mexican, Bangladeshi, Colombian and Dominican families spoke about how they had crossed the border a few hours earlier and were waiting to be taken by border agents for processing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she tried to warm up by the fire, a woman named Eli sobbed while remembering her son, who she said was killed recently by a drug cartel in Zacatecas, Mexico, where she’s from. She fled with six family members. They asked that we withhold their last name, for fear of retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we want is to stay together, and stay alive,” Eli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973987\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Open Air Detention Camps had as many as 1000 people at a time waiting for processing back in December 2023, but recently there’s been a significant decrease. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At sunrise, Border Patrol arrived. An agent instructed everyone to put out their bonfires. And a bus took everyone for processing. Once they left, the camp was deserted, just piles of trash, empty makeshift tents and some smoldering fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Eli, would-be asylum seeker\"]‘All we want is to stay together, and stay alive.’[/pullquote]CBP declined to address specific questions about the Jacumba camp, but following NPR’s investigation in November the agency provided a statement saying that its “officers and agents prioritize the health and safety of all those they encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals say the decrease in border crossings and people being held at the camps, started around early January, and came practically overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until a week ago we were having people dropped off in the camps all during the day and night,” said volunteer and local resident Sam Schultz. “At this point the numbers are just 10% of what they were before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res1227143164\" class=\"bucketwrap image x-large\">\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973991\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973991\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Would-be asylum seekers await processing by Border Patrol agents. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">What Schultz described has happened along the border. A spike in unauthorized crossings in December, followed, government sources say, by a dip in January.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">\n\u003cp>U.S. officials have told NPR that the dip is related to a series of meetings in late December between the Mexican government and White House officials regarding immigration enforcement. Nothing official was announced following the meetings — in fact Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador publicly criticized U.S. immigration policy after the meetings, saying that only addressing the root causes of migration (poverty, violence, repression) can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sam Schultz, volunteer and local resident\"]‘I’ve seen them actually arresting people on the side, and taking them away. Yeah. They’re there.’[/pullquote]But, official sources have told NPR that the Mexican National Guard is ramping up its enforcement. Suddenly, you can see them from Jacumba on the other side of the border fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen them now very often,” said Schultz. “I’ve seen them actually arresting people on the side, and taking them away. Yeah. They’re there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would hardly be the first time that Mexico has increased immigration enforcement following pressure from the U.S. It was a strategy during both the Trump and Obama administrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say historically, it’s a strategy that simply pushes desperate people to cross through more dangerous routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973995\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973995\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Customs and Border Patrol take face scans of each migrant in the field. This info is input into facial recognition systems that are used with the extensive camera arrays along the border. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The day after visiting the camps in Jacumba, NPR headed west to Otay, a 3,500-foot mountain that separates Mexico from San Diego. We were tagging along with a group called the\u003ca href=\"https://linktr.ee/borderlandsreliefcollective\"> Borderlands Relief Collective\u003c/a>, a humanitarian group that leaves water and first aid for migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landscape in Otay is distinctly different from Jacumba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joseph Hauser, volunteer\"]‘It is an arduous, dangerous trek. Where we’re gonna go is a path typically taken by people who are not looking to be found.’[/pullquote]“It is an arduous, dangerous trek,” explained volunteer Joseph Hauser. “Where we’re gonna go is a path typically taken by people who are not looking to be found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauser has been doing this work for about a year, but said “I’ve only really started running into people when we come out here in the last month, month and a half.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was still dark out when we started driving up the mountain, but we barely made it a few miles before being intercepted by two women and a toddler. They were from Nigeria and Guinea and had been hiking for around five hours. The mother was sobbing — her feet were starting to give out. The 3-year-old was quiet. It was freezing, and the aid workers worried the three of them might be in danger of hypothermia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973997\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973997\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of humanitarian group Borderlands Relief Collective cache non-perishable food and hydration in areas commonly used by migrants walking through rugged terrain in the Otay Mountains south of Dulzura, San Diego County, Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As aid workers wrapped her in an emergency thermal blanket and gave her fluids, another family came down the mountain. They were from Ecuador and had a 6-year-old. They too had crossed overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwin didn’t want to provide his last name because his family was crossing without papers. “Look,” he said, “I’m scared. I’m scared that if I get caught, who will take care of them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973998\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973998\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of humanitarian group Borderlands Relief Collective attend to the wounds, hypothermia and hunger of migrants after the migrants have walked for roughly 7 hours through rugged terrain in the Otay Mountains on Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He said throughout his journey up north through Mexico there were forces from the Mexican National Guard. He said they just wanted bribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Edwin, would-be asylum-seeker\"]‘We kept hearing about how hard the border is getting. You could get deported. Too many people. So, we did this instead, and turned ourselves over to the will of God.’[/pullquote]Edwin said he was warned about the rough terrain that he and his family would have to endure, but that he felt an urgency to attempt the journey anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We kept hearing about how hard the border is getting. You could get deported. Too many people. So, we did this instead, and turned ourselves over to the will of God,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After volunteers tended to the migrants, we continued up the Otay mountain. The terrain got steeper and more slippery. About an hour later, in a crevice on the side of the mountain, there was an altar. It was filled with candles, rosaries, a bible, money offerings in foreign coinage and images of Saint Toribio Romo, patron saint of migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the images contained this text: \u003cem>“Protect my family, now that I have had to leave them behind … allow me to come back home soon.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973999\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973999\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants, having walked for roughly 7 hours through rugged terrain in the Otay Mountains, celebrate their first taste of America south of Dulzura, San Diego County, on Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A little over a month ago, the small California community of Jacumba, on the U.S.-Mexico border, was a scene of chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds — sometimes as many as a thousand — migrants, including children, were stuck in open-air camps for hours and even days on end to await processing by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. They had little access to water, food, shelter or even bathrooms. Local townspeople told NPR they felt overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing seizures, diabetic emergencies, broken bones, burns, lots of burns,” said local resident and volunteer Karen Parker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Just a few weeks later, the situation in Jacumba has changed dramatically. The camp is still there, and those inside are no less desperate. But the numbers are down sharply, and local residents say that is just part of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR returned to Jacumba earlier this month following \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/21/1213597119/border-patrol-migrants-unofficial-camps-jacumba-california-desert\">an investigation last year into unofficial migrant detention camps\u003c/a>, it was much colder. In one of the camps, a few feet away from the U.S.-Mexico border wall, amidst piles of trash, several dozen families, including small children, huddled around crackling makeshift bonfires. Kurdish, Mexican, Bangladeshi, Colombian and Dominican families spoke about how they had crossed the border a few hours earlier and were waiting to be taken by border agents for processing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she tried to warm up by the fire, a woman named Eli sobbed while remembering her son, who she said was killed recently by a drug cartel in Zacatecas, Mexico, where she’s from. She fled with six family members. They asked that we withhold their last name, for fear of retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All we want is to stay together, and stay alive,” Eli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973987\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973987\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4778_small_custom-f40f92a2ab0abb4939270c9d7f6a30dc3addeda6-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Open Air Detention Camps had as many as 1000 people at a time waiting for processing back in December 2023, but recently there’s been a significant decrease. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At sunrise, Border Patrol arrived. An agent instructed everyone to put out their bonfires. And a bus took everyone for processing. Once they left, the camp was deserted, just piles of trash, empty makeshift tents and some smoldering fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>CBP declined to address specific questions about the Jacumba camp, but following NPR’s investigation in November the agency provided a statement saying that its “officers and agents prioritize the health and safety of all those they encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals say the decrease in border crossings and people being held at the camps, started around early January, and came practically overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until a week ago we were having people dropped off in the camps all during the day and night,” said volunteer and local resident Sam Schultz. “At this point the numbers are just 10% of what they were before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res1227143164\" class=\"bucketwrap image x-large\">\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973991\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973991\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-4910_small_custom-a9277699b53a00f6f37d3c41cc01509c8b04d404-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Would-be asylum seekers await processing by Border Patrol agents. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">What Schultz described has happened along the border. A spike in unauthorized crossings in December, followed, government sources say, by a dip in January.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv data-crop-type=\"\">\n\u003cp>U.S. officials have told NPR that the dip is related to a series of meetings in late December between the Mexican government and White House officials regarding immigration enforcement. Nothing official was announced following the meetings — in fact Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador publicly criticized U.S. immigration policy after the meetings, saying that only addressing the root causes of migration (poverty, violence, repression) can work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I’ve seen them actually arresting people on the side, and taking them away. Yeah. They’re there.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But, official sources have told NPR that the Mexican National Guard is ramping up its enforcement. Suddenly, you can see them from Jacumba on the other side of the border fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen them now very often,” said Schultz. “I’ve seen them actually arresting people on the side, and taking them away. Yeah. They’re there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would hardly be the first time that Mexico has increased immigration enforcement following pressure from the U.S. It was a strategy during both the Trump and Obama administrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates say historically, it’s a strategy that simply pushes desperate people to cross through more dangerous routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973995\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973995\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-5098_small_custom-98a2e944e7b20460647ac132d9e617b3960c4a09-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Customs and Border Patrol take face scans of each migrant in the field. This info is input into facial recognition systems that are used with the extensive camera arrays along the border. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The day after visiting the camps in Jacumba, NPR headed west to Otay, a 3,500-foot mountain that separates Mexico from San Diego. We were tagging along with a group called the\u003ca href=\"https://linktr.ee/borderlandsreliefcollective\"> Borderlands Relief Collective\u003c/a>, a humanitarian group that leaves water and first aid for migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landscape in Otay is distinctly different from Jacumba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It is an arduous, dangerous trek. Where we’re gonna go is a path typically taken by people who are not looking to be found.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It is an arduous, dangerous trek,” explained volunteer Joseph Hauser. “Where we’re gonna go is a path typically taken by people who are not looking to be found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hauser has been doing this work for about a year, but said “I’ve only really started running into people when we come out here in the last month, month and a half.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was still dark out when we started driving up the mountain, but we barely made it a few miles before being intercepted by two women and a toddler. They were from Nigeria and Guinea and had been hiking for around five hours. The mother was sobbing — her feet were starting to give out. The 3-year-old was quiet. It was freezing, and the aid workers worried the three of them might be in danger of hypothermia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973997\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973997\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0612_small_custom-be8f6a449aca78434adf842360d3a86d170199bc-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of humanitarian group Borderlands Relief Collective cache non-perishable food and hydration in areas commonly used by migrants walking through rugged terrain in the Otay Mountains south of Dulzura, San Diego County, Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As aid workers wrapped her in an emergency thermal blanket and gave her fluids, another family came down the mountain. They were from Ecuador and had a 6-year-old. They too had crossed overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwin didn’t want to provide his last name because his family was crossing without papers. “Look,” he said, “I’m scared. I’m scared that if I get caught, who will take care of them?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973998\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973998\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-9919_small_custom-6d67c9d2d66a53740a9145de55278eeac8eb6029-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of humanitarian group Borderlands Relief Collective attend to the wounds, hypothermia and hunger of migrants after the migrants have walked for roughly 7 hours through rugged terrain in the Otay Mountains on Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He said throughout his journey up north through Mexico there were forces from the Mexican National Guard. He said they just wanted bribes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We kept hearing about how hard the border is getting. You could get deported. Too many people. So, we did this instead, and turned ourselves over to the will of God.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Edwin said he was warned about the rough terrain that he and his family would have to endure, but that he felt an urgency to attempt the journey anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We kept hearing about how hard the border is getting. You could get deported. Too many people. So, we did this instead, and turned ourselves over to the will of God,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After volunteers tended to the migrants, we continued up the Otay mountain. The terrain got steeper and more slippery. About an hour later, in a crevice on the side of the mountain, there was an altar. It was filled with candles, rosaries, a bible, money offerings in foreign coinage and images of Saint Toribio Romo, patron saint of migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the images contained this text: \u003cem>“Protect my family, now that I have had to leave them behind … allow me to come back home soon.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973999\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973999\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/ponders-npr-campo-0170_small_custom-34f696fad579f4ef2a75f9083426daba135c83eb-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants, having walked for roughly 7 hours through rugged terrain in the Otay Mountains, celebrate their first taste of America south of Dulzura, San Diego County, on Jan. 13, 2024. \u003ccite>(Ash Ponders for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Here's How to Know If Your Next Flight Is on a Boeing 737 Max 9",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/24/1226762641/faa-boeing-737-max-9-grounded-inspections-resume\">gave approval\u003c/a> this week for the Boeing 737 Max 9 to begin flying again, clearing the way for the planes to return to the skies as early as Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s decision on Wednesday came a little less than three weeks after part of the fuselage \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/06/1223280562/alaska-airlines-flight-emergency-landing-oregon\">blew out of an Alaska Airlines plane\u003c/a> at 16,000 feet shortly after departing from Portland International Airport. While the plane returned safely back and no one was seriously hurt, the incident rattled fliers and prompted the FAA to order an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/06/1223296736/boeing-737-max-9-planes-grounded\">immediate grounding and inspection \u003c/a>of 171 Boeing aircraft operated by U.S. airlines or in U.S. territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Robert Ditchey, aviation consultant\"]‘There’s always a subset of the flying public that is particularly concerned about incidents like this, and it affects their individual choices. People have lost confidence in Boeing in general.’[/pullquote]In its decision this week, the FAA said airlines can start bringing the 737 Max 9 back into service, but only after completing a “thorough inspection and maintenance process” outlined by the regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the agency’s green light, there are still many passengers who might have reservations about boarding a 737 Max 9. As the planes started coming back into service, here’s what you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Which carriers fly the Max 9?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>United and Alaska are the two U.S. carriers of the 737 Max 9, and account for about two-thirds of 215 models in service worldwide, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirium.com/solutions/fleets-analyzer/\">Cirium\u003c/a>, an airline analytics company. United has 79 of them in its fleet, and Alaska operates 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other airlines that fly the plane are Panama’s Copa Airlines, Aeromexico, Turkish Airlines, Icelandair, Flydubai and SCAT Airlines in Kazakhstan.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">How soon will they be back in the air?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines said in a statement on Wednesday that it expects the first of its Max 9 aircrafts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlaskaAir/status/1750326027270889756\">to return to passenger service\u003c/a> on Friday. And in a letter to United employees this week, the company’s chief operating officer, Toby Enqvist, said the carrier was preparing “to return to scheduled service beginning on Sunday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">\u003cstrong>Checking your flight status\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There’s always a subset of the flying public that is particularly concerned about incidents like this, and it affects their individual choices,” says aviation consultant Robert Ditchey. “People have lost confidence in Boeing in general.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11973255 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1153938828-2d45abca8f8698086de90a4445ac220ef8f1b9e8.jpg']If you want to find out if your next flight is on a Max 9, Ditchey says the booking site \u003ca href=\"https://www.kayak.com/\">Kayak\u003c/a> just introduced a way in which ticket buyers can eliminate and exclude the Max 9 from their search. After searching for their desired flight, users can uncheck the Max 9 model from their search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Websites such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.flightaware.com/\">FlightAware\u003c/a> also include plane information for specific flights. But it’s important to remember that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the plane you are scheduled to fly on is always subject to change, says FlightAware spokesperson and former airline pilot Kathleen Bangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Airlines can last minute substitute aircraft at any time for a wide variety of reasons from maintenance to weight limitations,” says Bangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Can I change my flight to avoid a Max 9?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Passengers can also find out what particular model of airplane they’ll be flying when they book their ticket directly on the Alaska or United sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Alaska airlines website, passengers can check the aircraft type by looking at the “Details” tab when booking a flight on alaskaair.com. Once the flight is booked, the model is listed on the customer reservation under “Flight Details.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"United spokesperson\"]‘We’ll work with customers directly to ensure they feel comfortable flying. If they wish to change their flight, we’ll move them onto the next available flight.’[/pullquote]If a passenger prefers not to fly on a 737 9 Max, the airline currently points to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskaair.com/content/advisories/travel-advisories#system\">Flexible Travel Policy\u003c/a> that is in place through Jan. 31 for passengers to make other travel arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For guests who are not comfortable flying on a 737-9 MAX right now, we’ll work with them,” reads the \u003ca href=\"https://news.alaskaair.com/alaska-airlines/operations/as-1282/\">website\u003c/a>. “If they request it, we can move them to a different flight on another aircraft. We take great pride in our customer service and want everyone to have a great flight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airline says it will be extending its travel waiver through Feb. 2 shortly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After that, guests can call our Reservations team and we’ll put them on a different flight without an additional charge, which includes our Saver fares,” an Alaska spokesperson told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">United\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For United, passengers can typically find out the model plane that they’ll be traveling on when they go through the flight booking process — either online or through the United mobile app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll work with customers directly to ensure they feel comfortable flying. If they wish to change their flight, we’ll move them onto the next available flight,” said a United spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy will be at no cost to passengers, but it’s unclear how long it will be in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll wait to see how often it is used,” said a United spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Less than 3 weeks after part of the fuselage blew out of an Alaska Airlines Boeing 737 Max 9 plane at 16,000 feet, the FAA has cleared the way for the planes to operate again.",
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"title": "Here's How to Know If Your Next Flight Is on a Boeing 737 Max 9 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/24/1226762641/faa-boeing-737-max-9-grounded-inspections-resume\">gave approval\u003c/a> this week for the Boeing 737 Max 9 to begin flying again, clearing the way for the planes to return to the skies as early as Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s decision on Wednesday came a little less than three weeks after part of the fuselage \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/06/1223280562/alaska-airlines-flight-emergency-landing-oregon\">blew out of an Alaska Airlines plane\u003c/a> at 16,000 feet shortly after departing from Portland International Airport. While the plane returned safely back and no one was seriously hurt, the incident rattled fliers and prompted the FAA to order an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/06/1223296736/boeing-737-max-9-planes-grounded\">immediate grounding and inspection \u003c/a>of 171 Boeing aircraft operated by U.S. airlines or in U.S. territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In its decision this week, the FAA said airlines can start bringing the 737 Max 9 back into service, but only after completing a “thorough inspection and maintenance process” outlined by the regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the agency’s green light, there are still many passengers who might have reservations about boarding a 737 Max 9. As the planes started coming back into service, here’s what you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Which carriers fly the Max 9?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>United and Alaska are the two U.S. carriers of the 737 Max 9, and account for about two-thirds of 215 models in service worldwide, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirium.com/solutions/fleets-analyzer/\">Cirium\u003c/a>, an airline analytics company. United has 79 of them in its fleet, and Alaska operates 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other airlines that fly the plane are Panama’s Copa Airlines, Aeromexico, Turkish Airlines, Icelandair, Flydubai and SCAT Airlines in Kazakhstan.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">How soon will they be back in the air?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines said in a statement on Wednesday that it expects the first of its Max 9 aircrafts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AlaskaAir/status/1750326027270889756\">to return to passenger service\u003c/a> on Friday. And in a letter to United employees this week, the company’s chief operating officer, Toby Enqvist, said the carrier was preparing “to return to scheduled service beginning on Sunday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">\u003cstrong>Checking your flight status\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There’s always a subset of the flying public that is particularly concerned about incidents like this, and it affects their individual choices,” says aviation consultant Robert Ditchey. “People have lost confidence in Boeing in general.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If you want to find out if your next flight is on a Max 9, Ditchey says the booking site \u003ca href=\"https://www.kayak.com/\">Kayak\u003c/a> just introduced a way in which ticket buyers can eliminate and exclude the Max 9 from their search. After searching for their desired flight, users can uncheck the Max 9 model from their search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Websites such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.flightaware.com/\">FlightAware\u003c/a> also include plane information for specific flights. But it’s important to remember that\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the plane you are scheduled to fly on is always subject to change, says FlightAware spokesperson and former airline pilot Kathleen Bangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Airlines can last minute substitute aircraft at any time for a wide variety of reasons from maintenance to weight limitations,” says Bangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Can I change my flight to avoid a Max 9?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Passengers can also find out what particular model of airplane they’ll be flying when they book their ticket directly on the Alaska or United sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Alaska airlines website, passengers can check the aircraft type by looking at the “Details” tab when booking a flight on alaskaair.com. Once the flight is booked, the model is listed on the customer reservation under “Flight Details.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If a passenger prefers not to fly on a 737 9 Max, the airline currently points to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alaskaair.com/content/advisories/travel-advisories#system\">Flexible Travel Policy\u003c/a> that is in place through Jan. 31 for passengers to make other travel arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For guests who are not comfortable flying on a 737-9 MAX right now, we’ll work with them,” reads the \u003ca href=\"https://news.alaskaair.com/alaska-airlines/operations/as-1282/\">website\u003c/a>. “If they request it, we can move them to a different flight on another aircraft. We take great pride in our customer service and want everyone to have a great flight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airline says it will be extending its travel waiver through Feb. 2 shortly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After that, guests can call our Reservations team and we’ll put them on a different flight without an additional charge, which includes our Saver fares,” an Alaska spokesperson told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">United\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For United, passengers can typically find out the model plane that they’ll be traveling on when they go through the flight booking process — either online or through the United mobile app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll work with customers directly to ensure they feel comfortable flying. If they wish to change their flight, we’ll move them onto the next available flight,” said a United spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy will be at no cost to passengers, but it’s unclear how long it will be in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll wait to see how often it is used,” said a United spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Trump Ordered to Pay $83 Million for Defaming Columnist Who Accused Him of Sexual Assault",
"headTitle": "Trump Ordered to Pay $83 Million for Defaming Columnist Who Accused Him of Sexual Assault | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A New York jury on Friday ordered former President Donald Trump to pay a total of $83.3 million to E. Jean Carroll for ruining her credibility as an advice columnist when he called her a liar after she accused him of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury awarded Carroll $65 million in punitive damages, $11 million for the damage to her reputation and another $7.3 million. Trump is almost certain to appeal the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the size of the penalty, the verdict was not unexpected. Judge Lewis Kaplan ruled even before the trial that Trump had, in fact, defamed Carroll. The jury only had to decide how much Trump owed her — not if he was liable. This is the second time Trump has been ordered to pay Carroll; last year, he was mandated by a jury to pay $5 million for a separate instance of defamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"E. Jean Carroll\"]‘I sued to get my reputation back.’[/pullquote]In response, the Trump 2024 campaign issued a statement arguing, without offering evidence, that the trial is a “political weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely ridiculous!” the statement said. “I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury’s decision comes just days after Trump won the New Hampshire primary and became the GOP front-runner. The case is one of several involving Trump, who is also awaiting a verdict in a civil trial that could result in him paying at least $250 million to New York state for his business practices, which have been deemed by a judge to be fraudulent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He could also be prohibited from doing business in the state where he made his name as a real estate mogul. In all, Trump faces 91 charges in federal and state trials, ranging from the ones in New York to those at the federal level related to the Jan. 6 Capitol riot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What this case is about\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Carroll, an advice columnist and freelance writer, accused Trump of sexually assaulting her in the ’90s. The accusation, which was detailed in her book, was first previewed in a \u003cem>New York \u003c/em>magazine article. After the article’s publication, Trump issued two statements in response to reporters, including one in which he outright denied her claim and said she was “not my type.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Donald Trump\"]‘Absolutely ridiculous! I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.’[/pullquote]Carroll then sued Trump for defamation, arguing that his comments ruined her reputation as a trusted source in the media and resulted in a slew of insults and threatening messages, emails and comments to her social media accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Trump’s Attorney General Bill Barr blocked the lawsuit, arguing Trump had made the comments in his official capacity as president. This caused the lawsuit to be stuck in court for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Biden’s Justice Department reversed course and allowed the first lawsuit on defamation to move forward. In part because of the 2023 decision that had found Trump liable for assault, Judge Kaplan ruled that Trump had defamed Carroll in 2019 and that the former president was also liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What testimony showed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carroll herself was the first witness to take the stand — putting her face to face with Trump, who attended the first few days of the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll testified that she felt as if Trump calling her a liar “ended the world I had been living in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101895225 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/43/2023/12/iStock-535518816-1-1020x574.jpg']While she used to receive hundreds of emails asking for advice to her column email, she said, she now received fewer than 10 a month. Instead, she said, she received threats and insults. Carroll’s lawyer showed the jury several social media posts, messages and emails sent to Carroll in the days after Trump’s statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sued to get my reputation back,” Carroll said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s lawyer, Alina Habba, argued damages ought not be traced back to Trump himself. Habba also showed the jury several social media posts, but these were posted in the five-hour “gap” between Carroll’s allegations being published and Trump making the comments he is being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habba also focused on the praise and support Carroll received for her allegation and questioned the writer’s motive for suing and for deleting threats sent to her email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973902\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A white older man waves with a stern expression.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former U.S. President Donald Trump leaves Trump Tower for Manhattan federal court for the second defamation trial against him in New York City on Jan. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Charly Triballeau/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Trump doubled down on allegations Carroll is lying\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After weeks of vowing to take the witness stand in his defense, Trump finally did so on Jan. 25. But it was short-lived — only a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In testimony, he said he “100%” stood by his previous deposition. Asked by his lawyer if he ever instructed anyone to hurt Carroll, Trump said that he didn’t and just wanted to defend himself, his family and his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond his testimony, Trump was present for several days of the trial and was vocal about the case outside the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first day of testimony, he was reprimanded by Judge Kaplan for making comments during Carroll’s time on the stand. Carroll’s lawyers twice flagged that they could hear him and the jury might be able to as well. Kaplan warned Trump that his right to be present could be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also spoke out during campaign rallies in Iowa and New Hampshire and to reporters in New York about his belief this trial is election interference — often reiterating claims similar to those he was being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "E. Jean Carroll had sued former President Donald Trump for ruining her credibility as an advice columnist when he called her a liar after she accused him of sexual assault. Trump is expected to appeal the verdict.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A New York jury on Friday ordered former President Donald Trump to pay a total of $83.3 million to E. Jean Carroll for ruining her credibility as an advice columnist when he called her a liar after she accused him of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury awarded Carroll $65 million in punitive damages, $11 million for the damage to her reputation and another $7.3 million. Trump is almost certain to appeal the verdict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the size of the penalty, the verdict was not unexpected. Judge Lewis Kaplan ruled even before the trial that Trump had, in fact, defamed Carroll. The jury only had to decide how much Trump owed her — not if he was liable. This is the second time Trump has been ordered to pay Carroll; last year, he was mandated by a jury to pay $5 million for a separate instance of defamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In response, the Trump 2024 campaign issued a statement arguing, without offering evidence, that the trial is a “political weapon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely ridiculous!” the statement said. “I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jury’s decision comes just days after Trump won the New Hampshire primary and became the GOP front-runner. The case is one of several involving Trump, who is also awaiting a verdict in a civil trial that could result in him paying at least $250 million to New York state for his business practices, which have been deemed by a judge to be fraudulent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He could also be prohibited from doing business in the state where he made his name as a real estate mogul. In all, Trump faces 91 charges in federal and state trials, ranging from the ones in New York to those at the federal level related to the Jan. 6 Capitol riot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What this case is about\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2019, Carroll, an advice columnist and freelance writer, accused Trump of sexually assaulting her in the ’90s. The accusation, which was detailed in her book, was first previewed in a \u003cem>New York \u003c/em>magazine article. After the article’s publication, Trump issued two statements in response to reporters, including one in which he outright denied her claim and said she was “not my type.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Absolutely ridiculous! I fully disagree with both verdicts and will be appealing this whole Biden Directed Witch Hunt focused on me and the Republican Party.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Carroll then sued Trump for defamation, arguing that his comments ruined her reputation as a trusted source in the media and resulted in a slew of insults and threatening messages, emails and comments to her social media accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Trump’s Attorney General Bill Barr blocked the lawsuit, arguing Trump had made the comments in his official capacity as president. This caused the lawsuit to be stuck in court for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Biden’s Justice Department reversed course and allowed the first lawsuit on defamation to move forward. In part because of the 2023 decision that had found Trump liable for assault, Judge Kaplan ruled that Trump had defamed Carroll in 2019 and that the former president was also liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What testimony showed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Carroll herself was the first witness to take the stand — putting her face to face with Trump, who attended the first few days of the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carroll testified that she felt as if Trump calling her a liar “ended the world I had been living in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While she used to receive hundreds of emails asking for advice to her column email, she said, she now received fewer than 10 a month. Instead, she said, she received threats and insults. Carroll’s lawyer showed the jury several social media posts, messages and emails sent to Carroll in the days after Trump’s statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sued to get my reputation back,” Carroll said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s lawyer, Alina Habba, argued damages ought not be traced back to Trump himself. Habba also showed the jury several social media posts, but these were posted in the five-hour “gap” between Carroll’s allegations being published and Trump making the comments he is being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Habba also focused on the praise and support Carroll received for her allegation and questioned the writer’s motive for suing and for deleting threats sent to her email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973902\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973902\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A white older man waves with a stern expression.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1944807446-33f657b924375b3f8de8f3ddc342961b9b5ca4a7-s1600-c85-copy-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former U.S. President Donald Trump leaves Trump Tower for Manhattan federal court for the second defamation trial against him in New York City on Jan. 22, 2024. \u003ccite>(Charly Triballeau/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Trump doubled down on allegations Carroll is lying\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After weeks of vowing to take the witness stand in his defense, Trump finally did so on Jan. 25. But it was short-lived — only a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In testimony, he said he “100%” stood by his previous deposition. Asked by his lawyer if he ever instructed anyone to hurt Carroll, Trump said that he didn’t and just wanted to defend himself, his family and his presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond his testimony, Trump was present for several days of the trial and was vocal about the case outside the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first day of testimony, he was reprimanded by Judge Kaplan for making comments during Carroll’s time on the stand. Carroll’s lawyers twice flagged that they could hear him and the jury might be able to as well. Kaplan warned Trump that his right to be present could be taken away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also spoke out during campaign rallies in Iowa and New Hampshire and to reporters in New York about his belief this trial is election interference — often reiterating claims similar to those he was being sued over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is recommending that airlines visually inspect the door plugs of more Boeing planes after a similar panel blew off a jet in midair earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/media/74751\">safety alert\u003c/a> issued late Sunday recommends that airlines operating Boeing’s 737-900ER jets inspect the door plugs “as soon as possible” to make sure they’re properly secured after some airlines reported unspecified issues with the bolts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 737-900ER is not part of Boeing’s newer Max series, but it has the same optional door plug design as the Boeing 737 Max 9, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 170 of the newer jets have been grounded since Jan. 5, when a door plug blew off a 737 Max 9 plane operated by Alaska Airlines. That plane had only been flying for a few months, according to investigators at the National Transportation Safety Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing 737-900ER model has over 11 million hours of operation and about four million flight cycles, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing delivered roughly 500 of the 737-900ER planes between 2007 and 2019. None have experienced significant problems with their door plugs, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA’s safety alert says some airlines have “noted findings with bolts during the maintenance inspections” of their 737-900ER planes but don’t elaborate on the findings. The agency says it continues to evaluate data involving the mid-cabin door plug and may order additional actions if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines, United Airlines and Delta Air Lines all say they have begun checking the door plugs on their fleets of 737-900ER planes. None of the carriers says they expected any disruption to their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators are still studying the data from initial inspections of 40 Max 9 jets while they work to develop final inspection instructions for the planes. The FAA says safety, not speed, will determine when the Max 9 can fly again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FAA+says+airlines+should+check+the+door+plugs+on+another+model+of+Boeing+plane+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is recommending that airlines visually inspect the door plugs of more Boeing planes after a similar panel blew off a jet in midair earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/media/74751\">safety alert\u003c/a> issued late Sunday recommends that airlines operating Boeing’s 737-900ER jets inspect the door plugs “as soon as possible” to make sure they’re properly secured after some airlines reported unspecified issues with the bolts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 737-900ER is not part of Boeing’s newer Max series, but it has the same optional door plug design as the Boeing 737 Max 9, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 170 of the newer jets have been grounded since Jan. 5, when a door plug blew off a 737 Max 9 plane operated by Alaska Airlines. That plane had only been flying for a few months, according to investigators at the National Transportation Safety Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing 737-900ER model has over 11 million hours of operation and about four million flight cycles, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing delivered roughly 500 of the 737-900ER planes between 2007 and 2019. None have experienced significant problems with their door plugs, according to the FAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA’s safety alert says some airlines have “noted findings with bolts during the maintenance inspections” of their 737-900ER planes but don’t elaborate on the findings. The agency says it continues to evaluate data involving the mid-cabin door plug and may order additional actions if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alaska Airlines, United Airlines and Delta Air Lines all say they have begun checking the door plugs on their fleets of 737-900ER planes. None of the carriers says they expected any disruption to their operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators are still studying the data from initial inspections of 40 Max 9 jets while they work to develop final inspection instructions for the planes. The FAA says safety, not speed, will determine when the Max 9 can fly again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+FAA+says+airlines+should+check+the+door+plugs+on+another+model+of+Boeing+plane+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "So Far It's a Great Decade for Billionaires, Says New Report. As for the Masses ...",
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"content": "\u003cp>“Billionaires, for many of them, times have never been better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/rebecca-riddell/\">Rebecca Riddell\u003c/a>, the policy lead for economic and racial justice at Oxfam America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’d put their money in a room in 2020, and then you came back at the end of 2023, you would have found that the wealth has grown enormously,” says Riddell. “Three times the rate of inflation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of billionaires is one of the key points in a new report from global charity Oxfam International titled “Inequality Inc.” It’s an annual publication issued to coincide with the meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, which begins on Monday, Jan. 15. Each year since 1971, government and business leaders have come to the Swiss mountain resort town to mull over the world’s problems and possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you might expect, the Oxfam findings have their skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Oxfam’s assertions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This latest \u003ca href=\"https://webassets.oxfamamerica.org/media/documents/UPDATED_full_English_Davos_2024_embargoed.pdf\">edition of the Oxfam report (PDF)\u003c/a> looks back over the last few years since 2020 and describes the growing unequal distribution of wealth as “the beginnings of a decade of division.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam spells out just how well billionaires are faring: “The world’s five richest men have more than doubled their fortunes from $405 billion to $869 billion since 2020 — at a rate of $14 million per hour — while nearly five billion people have been made poorer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In case you’re wondering, the top five are Bernard Arnault and his family, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffet, Larry Ellison and Elon Musk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might think there would be little that could surprise us,” says Oxfam’s Riddell. Indeed, their report in 2022 made a very similar point. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/02/08/1075509346/oxfam-blames-the-rich-for-the-pandemic-plight-of-the-poor-its-a-controversial-cl\">NPR’s headline observed\u003c/a>: “Oxfam says the rich got richer in the pandemic, and the wealth gap is killing the poor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s something different this time around, says Riddell. “The astronomical nature of gains at the very top since 2020 — during a time when so many suffered — really stood out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the report notes that for many “ordinary people” around the world, this decade has so far been tough going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It opened with a pandemic that devastated lives and economies,” says Riddell. “Add to that the challenges of a really prolonged cost-of-living crisis, climate breakdown and war. Progress against poverty has nearly stalled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Oxfam’s report, since 2020, almost five billion people have lost economic ground — that is, they’ve grown poorer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to the ultra-rich\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gulf between extreme wealth and extreme poverty has always been wide, says Riddell, yet in Oxfam’s view, in this decade, “the ultra-ultra-rich are pulling away from everyone else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of this wealth is concentrated in the Global North — in the U.S., Europe, Australia and parts of Asia. And Riddell says that mega-corporations there generate inequality by funneling profits upward to the ultra-rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By squeezing workers, by dodging taxes, they’re doing so at the expense of ordinary people,” she argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No corporation or individual should have this much power over our economies and our lives — to be clear, nobody should have a billion dollars,” says \u003ca href=\"https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/a/amitabh-behar\">Amitabh Behar\u003c/a>, Oxfam International’s interim executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Critics of the Oxfam thesis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No one disputes that the rich are getting richer, but some say Oxfam’s poverty analysis is a bit misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not such a fan of the five-billion-people-are-worse-off number,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cgdev.org/expert/charles-kenny\">Charles Kenny\u003c/a>, a senior fellow with the Center for Global Development think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11941322,news_11906414,news_11895687 label='Income Inequality']He says Oxfam arrived at their number of nearly 5 billion by computing people’s \u003cem>wealth\u003c/em>. It’s a calculation based on taking the value of everything someone owns and subtracting all their debts. But Kenny says there are well-off people in richer countries who may have borrowed money to go to law school, say, or buy a home. When calculating their wealth with all that debt, they may seem poorer by Oxfam’s measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not worse off in terms of their life outcomes,” explains Kenny. “They’re not worse off in terms of how much they can afford to eat or are they getting decent health care? They’ve just borrowed more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam pushes back, saying these moneyed individuals with debt represent a small fraction of the 5 billion who are worse off. Most “ordinary people,” they say, are really struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenny says if you consider the last two or three \u003cem>decades\u003c/em>, many of the poorest people in the world are actually \u003cem>better\u003c/em> off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at health,” he says, “worldwide life expectancy \u003ca href=\"https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/Line/900\">continues to go up\u003c/a>. If you look at education, the number of people in school continues to \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.NENR\">go\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.NENR\">up\u003c/a>. So if you look at all these measures of the quality of life, they paint a slightly more positive picture. Even though at the very top end, we have extreme concentrations of wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about those at the bottom of the economic ladder? “For the poorest people,” the report says, “who are more likely to be women, racialized peoples, and marginalized groups in every society, daily life has become more brutal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny doesn’t dispute that poverty remains a significant global problem: a total of 700 million people meet the World Bank definition of \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty\">extreme poverty\u003c/a> as someone who gets by on less than $2.15 per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you solve inequality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So what’s to be done about the unequal distribution of resources?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oxfam report offers a few ideas, like creating businesses based on fair trade and worker cooperatives instead of being structured around benefiting shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it says governments need to step up and better regulate business. “A more equal world is possible if governments shape the market to be fair,” says Riddell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to rein in corporate power directly and that includes breaking up monopolies, empowering workers, calling for a living wage, [and increasing] taxation on corporations and on the ultra-rich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Abby Maxman, Oxfam America\"]‘We must stop normalizing extreme inequality. This is not by accident, but by design.’[/pullquote]Some argue that this approach doesn’t always work. “If you’re going to have tax policy that will redistribute income in favor of the poor, especially in favor of the global poor, you’re going to find it very difficult,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.weber.edu/goddard/John_Mbaku.html\">John Mukum Mbaku\u003c/a>, an economist at Weber State University who’s originally from Cameroon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for that difficulty, explains Mbaku, is that the wealthy tend to be politically engaged and use campaign contributions to influence policy-making. Instead, he argues that governments should invest in improved public services to propel people out of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that improving access to free or low-cost education and medical care, nutritious food, clean water and basic sanitation can put someone on the road to employment and economic self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering education more closely, Mbaku says large numbers of children in Africa, many of them girls, are unable to go to school. “In many African countries,” he says, “because of traditions and cultures, girls are not favored when it comes to education and training. Boys are favored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen firsthand that there are either no schools available or “their parents are so poor that they cannot afford to provide even the textbooks even if the schools are free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Education should be considered by governments as an investment in human capital development, the future of your people, [and] the future of your country,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an intervention the Oxfam report recommends as well, saying that investing in people and communities provides “the best bulwark against extreme corporate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must stop normalizing extreme inequality,” summarizes \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/abby-maxman/\">Abby Maxman\u003c/a>, President and CEO of Oxfam America. “This is not by accident, but by design.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altering that design is a challenge so large that the 1,600 business leaders and 60 heads of state gathered in Davos may need more than five days to surmount it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As the World Economic Forum kicks off in Davos, the charity Oxfam has issued its annual report on wealth, poverty and inequality. It makes some bold assertions. But there are skeptics.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“Billionaires, for many of them, times have never been better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a quote from \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/rebecca-riddell/\">Rebecca Riddell\u003c/a>, the policy lead for economic and racial justice at Oxfam America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’d put their money in a room in 2020, and then you came back at the end of 2023, you would have found that the wealth has grown enormously,” says Riddell. “Three times the rate of inflation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of billionaires is one of the key points in a new report from global charity Oxfam International titled “Inequality Inc.” It’s an annual publication issued to coincide with the meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, which begins on Monday, Jan. 15. Each year since 1971, government and business leaders have come to the Swiss mountain resort town to mull over the world’s problems and possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you might expect, the Oxfam findings have their skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Oxfam’s assertions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This latest \u003ca href=\"https://webassets.oxfamamerica.org/media/documents/UPDATED_full_English_Davos_2024_embargoed.pdf\">edition of the Oxfam report (PDF)\u003c/a> looks back over the last few years since 2020 and describes the growing unequal distribution of wealth as “the beginnings of a decade of division.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam spells out just how well billionaires are faring: “The world’s five richest men have more than doubled their fortunes from $405 billion to $869 billion since 2020 — at a rate of $14 million per hour — while nearly five billion people have been made poorer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In case you’re wondering, the top five are Bernard Arnault and his family, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffet, Larry Ellison and Elon Musk.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might think there would be little that could surprise us,” says Oxfam’s Riddell. Indeed, their report in 2022 made a very similar point. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2022/02/08/1075509346/oxfam-blames-the-rich-for-the-pandemic-plight-of-the-poor-its-a-controversial-cl\">NPR’s headline observed\u003c/a>: “Oxfam says the rich got richer in the pandemic, and the wealth gap is killing the poor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s something different this time around, says Riddell. “The astronomical nature of gains at the very top since 2020 — during a time when so many suffered — really stood out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the report notes that for many “ordinary people” around the world, this decade has so far been tough going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It opened with a pandemic that devastated lives and economies,” says Riddell. “Add to that the challenges of a really prolonged cost-of-living crisis, climate breakdown and war. Progress against poverty has nearly stalled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Oxfam’s report, since 2020, almost five billion people have lost economic ground — that is, they’ve grown poorer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s happening to the ultra-rich\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gulf between extreme wealth and extreme poverty has always been wide, says Riddell, yet in Oxfam’s view, in this decade, “the ultra-ultra-rich are pulling away from everyone else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of this wealth is concentrated in the Global North — in the U.S., Europe, Australia and parts of Asia. And Riddell says that mega-corporations there generate inequality by funneling profits upward to the ultra-rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By squeezing workers, by dodging taxes, they’re doing so at the expense of ordinary people,” she argues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No corporation or individual should have this much power over our economies and our lives — to be clear, nobody should have a billion dollars,” says \u003ca href=\"https://live.worldbank.org/en/experts/a/amitabh-behar\">Amitabh Behar\u003c/a>, Oxfam International’s interim executive director.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Critics of the Oxfam thesis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No one disputes that the rich are getting richer, but some say Oxfam’s poverty analysis is a bit misleading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not such a fan of the five-billion-people-are-worse-off number,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.cgdev.org/expert/charles-kenny\">Charles Kenny\u003c/a>, a senior fellow with the Center for Global Development think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He says Oxfam arrived at their number of nearly 5 billion by computing people’s \u003cem>wealth\u003c/em>. It’s a calculation based on taking the value of everything someone owns and subtracting all their debts. But Kenny says there are well-off people in richer countries who may have borrowed money to go to law school, say, or buy a home. When calculating their wealth with all that debt, they may seem poorer by Oxfam’s measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But they’re not worse off in terms of their life outcomes,” explains Kenny. “They’re not worse off in terms of how much they can afford to eat or are they getting decent health care? They’ve just borrowed more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxfam pushes back, saying these moneyed individuals with debt represent a small fraction of the 5 billion who are worse off. Most “ordinary people,” they say, are really struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kenny says if you consider the last two or three \u003cem>decades\u003c/em>, many of the poorest people in the world are actually \u003cem>better\u003c/em> off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at health,” he says, “worldwide life expectancy \u003ca href=\"https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/Line/900\">continues to go up\u003c/a>. If you look at education, the number of people in school continues to \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.NENR\">go\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.PRM.NENR\">up\u003c/a>. So if you look at all these measures of the quality of life, they paint a slightly more positive picture. Even though at the very top end, we have extreme concentrations of wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what about those at the bottom of the economic ladder? “For the poorest people,” the report says, “who are more likely to be women, racialized peoples, and marginalized groups in every society, daily life has become more brutal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenny doesn’t dispute that poverty remains a significant global problem: a total of 700 million people meet the World Bank definition of \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty\">extreme poverty\u003c/a> as someone who gets by on less than $2.15 per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you solve inequality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So what’s to be done about the unequal distribution of resources?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oxfam report offers a few ideas, like creating businesses based on fair trade and worker cooperatives instead of being structured around benefiting shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it says governments need to step up and better regulate business. “A more equal world is possible if governments shape the market to be fair,” says Riddell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to rein in corporate power directly and that includes breaking up monopolies, empowering workers, calling for a living wage, [and increasing] taxation on corporations and on the ultra-rich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some argue that this approach doesn’t always work. “If you’re going to have tax policy that will redistribute income in favor of the poor, especially in favor of the global poor, you’re going to find it very difficult,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.weber.edu/goddard/John_Mbaku.html\">John Mukum Mbaku\u003c/a>, an economist at Weber State University who’s originally from Cameroon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason for that difficulty, explains Mbaku, is that the wealthy tend to be politically engaged and use campaign contributions to influence policy-making. Instead, he argues that governments should invest in improved public services to propel people out of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that improving access to free or low-cost education and medical care, nutritious food, clean water and basic sanitation can put someone on the road to employment and economic self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering education more closely, Mbaku says large numbers of children in Africa, many of them girls, are unable to go to school. “In many African countries,” he says, “because of traditions and cultures, girls are not favored when it comes to education and training. Boys are favored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen firsthand that there are either no schools available or “their parents are so poor that they cannot afford to provide even the textbooks even if the schools are free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Education should be considered by governments as an investment in human capital development, the future of your people, [and] the future of your country,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an intervention the Oxfam report recommends as well, saying that investing in people and communities provides “the best bulwark against extreme corporate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must stop normalizing extreme inequality,” summarizes \u003ca href=\"https://www.oxfamamerica.org/explore/people/abby-maxman/\">Abby Maxman\u003c/a>, President and CEO of Oxfam America. “This is not by accident, but by design.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altering that design is a challenge so large that the 1,600 business leaders and 60 heads of state gathered in Davos may need more than five days to surmount it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Martin Luther King Jr.'s Fight for Equality Was Once Considered 'Radical'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr. Day is approaching quickly — Monday, Jan. 15 — and this year, the federal holiday falls on the actual birthday of the celebrated civil rights leader who was assassinated more than half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the United States commemorates the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy, here are a few things to know about the holiday honoring the slain activist and his fight against inequality and racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From subversive to hero\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This year marks 56 years since the activist was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, King is widely lauded as a hero who led a nonviolent crusade against racist segregation policies and horrendous brutality against Black people. But at the time, his views were considered quite radical by much of white America, including the government. (He was the subject of several \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/federal-bureau-investigation-fbi\">FBI surveillance operations\u003c/a> designed to collect subversive material on King.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center found that by 1966 — two years after he’d received the Nobel Peace Prize — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/10/how-public-attitudes-toward-martin-luther-king-jr-have-changed-since-the-1960s/\">63% of Americans\u003c/a> had an unfavorable opinion of King, “including 44% who viewed him highly unfavorably.” Today, 81% of American adults say he had a positive impact on the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Eig, author of \u003cem>King: A Life\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1176371630/jonathan-eigs-new-biography-examines-the-life-of-martin-luther-king-jr\">told \u003c/a>NPR in 2023 that King, a pastor who followed in his father’s footsteps, was a protest leader who did not like conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as he sat at the helm of anti-segregation protests, including the Montgomery bus boycott and the march from Selma, Alabama, to the state Capitol, Eig said King “is always going out of his way to avoid conflict with people who are his elders. … And he really doesn’t like conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eig added: “He has to push himself really out of his comfort zone to argue, to debate, to really challenge some of the leaders of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad full-width]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The road to a federal holiday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fight to declare MLK Day a federally recognized holiday was a long slog for its champions, who began the campaign almost immediately after King’s assassination on the balcony of a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968. [aside label='More Stories on Civil Rights' tag='civil-rights']It was President Ronald Reagan who eventually signed a bill in 1983 that added Martin Luther King Jr. Day to the list of federal holidays, commemorating King’s contribution to the civil rights movement. Still, it wasn’t officially observed until 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there were still several holdouts who refused to recognize the holiday at the state level. Most notably, Arizona opposed it \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-martin-luther-king-jr-s-birthday-became-a-holiday-3#:~:text=King's%20birthday%20was%20finally%20approved,the%20third%20Monday%20in%20January.\">until a\u003c/a> referendum was passed in 1992 after the state lost an \u003ca href=\"http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/101611_az_mlk_dedication/arizonans-recall-fight-state-mlk-holiday/\">estimated $500 million in revenue\u003c/a> when the NFL moved the 1993 Super Bowl game to California in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why January and why Mondays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The holiday always lands on the third Monday of the month, roughly around King’s actual birthday, Jan. 15. The timing is also in line with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uso.org/stories/2522-understanding-the-difference-of-memorial-day-vs-veterans-day\">Uniform Holiday Act\u003c/a> of 1968, which ensures a long weekend for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, under then-President Bill Clinton, it became the only federal holiday dedicated to volunteerism after Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/1933\">King Holiday and Service Act\u003c/a>. Americans are encouraged to observe the day “with acts of civic work and community service” in honor of King’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As the U.S. celebrates the civil rights icon on MLK Day, here are a few things to know about the holiday honoring the slain activist and his fight against inequality and racial injustice.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr. Day is approaching quickly — Monday, Jan. 15 — and this year, the federal holiday falls on the actual birthday of the celebrated civil rights leader who was assassinated more than half a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the United States commemorates the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.’s legacy, here are a few things to know about the holiday honoring the slain activist and his fight against inequality and racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From subversive to hero\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This year marks 56 years since the activist was assassinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, King is widely lauded as a hero who led a nonviolent crusade against racist segregation policies and horrendous brutality against Black people. But at the time, his views were considered quite radical by much of white America, including the government. (He was the subject of several \u003ca href=\"https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/federal-bureau-investigation-fbi\">FBI surveillance operations\u003c/a> designed to collect subversive material on King.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center found that by 1966 — two years after he’d received the Nobel Peace Prize — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/10/how-public-attitudes-toward-martin-luther-king-jr-have-changed-since-the-1960s/\">63% of Americans\u003c/a> had an unfavorable opinion of King, “including 44% who viewed him highly unfavorably.” Today, 81% of American adults say he had a positive impact on the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Eig, author of \u003cem>King: A Life\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/16/1176371630/jonathan-eigs-new-biography-examines-the-life-of-martin-luther-king-jr\">told \u003c/a>NPR in 2023 that King, a pastor who followed in his father’s footsteps, was a protest leader who did not like conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as he sat at the helm of anti-segregation protests, including the Montgomery bus boycott and the march from Selma, Alabama, to the state Capitol, Eig said King “is always going out of his way to avoid conflict with people who are his elders. … And he really doesn’t like conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eig added: “He has to push himself really out of his comfort zone to argue, to debate, to really challenge some of the leaders of this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The road to a federal holiday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fight to declare MLK Day a federally recognized holiday was a long slog for its champions, who began the campaign almost immediately after King’s assassination on the balcony of a hotel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It was President Ronald Reagan who eventually signed a bill in 1983 that added Martin Luther King Jr. Day to the list of federal holidays, commemorating King’s contribution to the civil rights movement. Still, it wasn’t officially observed until 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there were still several holdouts who refused to recognize the holiday at the state level. Most notably, Arizona opposed it \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/how-martin-luther-king-jr-s-birthday-became-a-holiday-3#:~:text=King's%20birthday%20was%20finally%20approved,the%20third%20Monday%20in%20January.\">until a\u003c/a> referendum was passed in 1992 after the state lost an \u003ca href=\"http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/101611_az_mlk_dedication/arizonans-recall-fight-state-mlk-holiday/\">estimated $500 million in revenue\u003c/a> when the NFL moved the 1993 Super Bowl game to California in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why January and why Mondays?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The holiday always lands on the third Monday of the month, roughly around King’s actual birthday, Jan. 15. The timing is also in line with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uso.org/stories/2522-understanding-the-difference-of-memorial-day-vs-veterans-day\">Uniform Holiday Act\u003c/a> of 1968, which ensures a long weekend for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1994, under then-President Bill Clinton, it became the only federal holiday dedicated to volunteerism after Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/house-bill/1933\">King Holiday and Service Act\u003c/a>. Americans are encouraged to observe the day “with acts of civic work and community service” in honor of King’s legacy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>We regularly answer frequently asked questions about the coronavirus. If you have a question you’d like us to consider for a future post, email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:goatsandsoda@npr.org\">\u003cem>goatsandsoda@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> with the subject line: “Weekly Coronavirus Questions.” See an archive of our FAQs \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/926361810/coronavirus-faqs\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician and infectious disease epidemiologist, I’ve seen a lot of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic, and there’s a question I hear over and over:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is it possible that my partner — or child or sibling or roommate — tested positive for COVID-19, and even though I slept in the same room or lived in the same house, I didn’t come down with the virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weren’t they breathing out infectious particles for days on end? And I assume I was breathing them in. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an answer to this question. But it’s a bit complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, let’s review how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads. While some viruses are primarily passed through contact with the bodily fluids (Ebola) or skin (mpox) of someone who’s infected, SARS-CoV-2 is easier to catch. It’s spread \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19.html\">mainly\u003c/a> through the air in invisible aerosols (and to a lesser extent in large droplets) that the infected person emits while breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing, laughing or snoring. The aerosols can hang around in the air for hours, and others can inhale them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So yes, if someone in your house is exhaling SARS-CoV-2-viral particles, you could breathe them in and become infected. But … here’s why that does not always happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two points to ponder. One: The person with COVID is not contagious at all times. Two: Different factors can reduce the risk of getting infected by a housemate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The incubation period\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For starters, someone who is sick with COVID-19 is not infectious from the moment they catch the virus to the moment they test negative (or their symptoms go away). Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have different stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all starts when you’re first exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you breathe in enough viral particles and your immune system doesn’t vanquish the pathogens you’ve inhaled, the timer starts for your case of COVID. The virus will incubate in your body until symptoms begin to appear. [aside postID=news_11972313 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240111-AT-HOME-COVID-TEST-GETTY-MB-KQED-1038x576.jpg']And when do you become contagious – marking the transition from the “latent” stage to the “infectious” stage? There’s no way to know the exact moment this happens. It’s a complex biological process, and for everyone, it will be a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can make certain inferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many people wonder: Can you be contagious before symptoms of COVID appear?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on in the pandemic, the answer was definitely yes – and that’s one reason why it was so hard to control COVID. We knew this from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2008457\">studies\u003c/a> that showed transmission happening before the sick person had any symptoms. You would not necessarily know when you were exposed to someone contagious because they may have been “pre-symptomatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things have changed since 2020. Now, most of our immune systems can recognize the virus — as a result of previous exposures and/or being vaccinated. The immune system’s reaction to even a small amount of virus could be symptoms like coughing, sore throat, running nose or a fever. With our immune systems primed, the body’s response comes much more quickly than it would have back in 2020 when SARS-CoV-2 was a novel pathogen. So those symptoms could appear early on after exposure — even before we’re infectious. This was shown \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad582/7285011\">in a study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Clinical Infectious Disease\u003c/em> that examined people’s symptoms compared to how much virus they were carrying across the days of their infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The infectious window\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The infectious window — the period during which you’re contagious — varies from person to person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, it may only be a couple of days, whereas, for others, it can be a week or even longer (especially in people who are immunocompromised and can’t easily clear the virus).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re lucky, your housemate will have a short window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the matter of quantity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, if not most, people will transmit only small amounts of SARS-CoV-2 after getting infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 happens from a relatively small number of highly infectious people — called superspreaders. Research on transmission has shown a \u003ca href=\"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1\">wide variation\u003c/a> in how many people get infected by one person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some superspreaders are just biologically capable of shedding a lot of viruses. One study published in November 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad701/7424866?login=true#432788078\">found an association\u003c/a> between higher BMI in men and higher viral loads. Other superspreaders could have a big network of people they come into contact with — for example, infecting \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2770172\">on a bus\u003c/a> or in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm\">choir\u003c/a> setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can reduce the amount of pathogens you’re exposed to\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just breathing in a pathogen doesn’t mean you’ll get sick. This is the difference between exposure versus actual infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a pathogen to cause disease, you must be exposed to enough of it — the minimum infectious dose — so it can overcome your immune defenses. Some pathogens can do their work with a tiny infectious dose, meaning even just a few microbes or viral particles are sufficient to infect you, while others require a much heftier exposure. [aside label='More Stories on Public Health' tag='public-health']That’s why you’re unlikely to catch COVID from, say, dashing into a grocery store for a quick shop and perhaps breathing in a very small amount of virus. The \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ChristoPhraser/status/1737513787563868270?s=20\">duration of exposure\u003c/a> and the concentration of the pathogen in its preferred route (air, for this virus) affect your chance of getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are exposed to small amounts of pathogens all the time, but usually, it is not enough to cause disease. Sometimes, however, it is. A more sinister example of these principles is Coxiella burnetii, the bacteria that causes “Q Fever.” It can spread to people from animals, including farm animals, and is on the list of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.selectagents.gov/sat/list.htm\">select agents\u003c/a>” for bioterrorism concerns. The bacteria has a very low infectious dose, is stable in the environment and can spread so effectively that even living miles downwind of a farm is a risk factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the dose you are exposed to is one way to avoid infection. For SARS-CoV-2, opening windows can dilute the cloud of aerosols by bringing in fresh air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your home has a fan with an air filter or you’re using a HEPA air purifier, the infectious aerosol particles \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/02/03/diy-filtration/\">can become trapped in the filter\u003c/a> rather than in your lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reiterate, the cumulative dose you inhale depends on the time you spend in a place and the concentration of viral particles there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masks that are worn correctly and consistently will also reduce that dose. If your housemate is infected and you wear an effective mask (a well-fitting N95, for example), the mask will trap most of the viral particles, reducing the amount you inhale. If the person with COVID masks up, that will decrease the quantity of pathogens they’re emitting into the air as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Your immune system (or medications) could save you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been vaccinated or had a prior infection, your immune system could be able to knock out the pathogen. The older you get, the less effective your immune system will be. And if you have a medical condition that makes your immune system weaker — like cancer or chronic diseases like diabetes — that could also play a role in whether exposure to viral particles will lead to infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For healthy people exposed to a sick person, antiviral drugs (or antibiotics for bacteria) can often avert infection after exposure — this is called post-exposure prophylaxis and is used for many infections already, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/\">HIV\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2211934\">gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis\u003c/a>. [aside postID=news_11966797 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/GettyImages-1387450682-672x372.jpg']In one study, researchers looked at whether those living at home with someone infected with COVID-19 were less likely to get sick if they used the antiviral Paxlovid. The study found a signal — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-top-line-results-phase-23-epic-pep-study\">a 32% reduced risk\u003c/a> of getting sick compared to placebo — but did not meet statistical significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in conclusion, yes, you can live with someone with COVID and not catch it. Because infectious disease transmission is complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, we do see weird things happening with infectious diseases every single day. So yes, in theory, you could catch, say, mpox from dust particles on a patient’s blanket. This happened in a \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023204/\">famous case\u003c/a> from the U.K., but it is exceedingly rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t fall for the trap of thinking that your single example represents the general trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to COVID, let me assure you: It is contagious — but remember, that doesn’t mean everyone who is in contact with someone infected will catch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was infected a few weeks ago. My mother and sister were both in the car with me hours before I felt sick and tested positive. My sister got COVID days later. But my mother never got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AbraarKaran?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cem>Abraar Karan\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is an infectious disease physician and researcher at Stanford University. He worked on the COVID-19 pandemic for the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the mpox outbreak for the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Infectious disease doctor Abraar Karan says it's the question he's asked most often about SARS-CoV-2. So how does that happen? Here's his answer.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>We regularly answer frequently asked questions about the coronavirus. If you have a question you’d like us to consider for a future post, email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:goatsandsoda@npr.org\">\u003cem>goatsandsoda@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> with the subject line: “Weekly Coronavirus Questions.” See an archive of our FAQs \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/926361810/coronavirus-faqs\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a physician and infectious disease epidemiologist, I’ve seen a lot of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic, and there’s a question I hear over and over:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is it possible that my partner — or child or sibling or roommate — tested positive for COVID-19, and even though I slept in the same room or lived in the same house, I didn’t come down with the virus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weren’t they breathing out infectious particles for days on end? And I assume I was breathing them in. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an answer to this question. But it’s a bit complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, let’s review how SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, spreads. While some viruses are primarily passed through contact with the bodily fluids (Ebola) or skin (mpox) of someone who’s infected, SARS-CoV-2 is easier to catch. It’s spread \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/about-covid-19.html\">mainly\u003c/a> through the air in invisible aerosols (and to a lesser extent in large droplets) that the infected person emits while breathing, talking, sneezing, coughing, laughing or snoring. The aerosols can hang around in the air for hours, and others can inhale them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So yes, if someone in your house is exhaling SARS-CoV-2-viral particles, you could breathe them in and become infected. But … here’s why that does not always happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two points to ponder. One: The person with COVID is not contagious at all times. Two: Different factors can reduce the risk of getting infected by a housemate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The incubation period\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For starters, someone who is sick with COVID-19 is not infectious from the moment they catch the virus to the moment they test negative (or their symptoms go away). Viruses like SARS-CoV-2 have different stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It all starts when you’re first exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you breathe in enough viral particles and your immune system doesn’t vanquish the pathogens you’ve inhaled, the timer starts for your case of COVID. The virus will incubate in your body until symptoms begin to appear. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And when do you become contagious – marking the transition from the “latent” stage to the “infectious” stage? There’s no way to know the exact moment this happens. It’s a complex biological process, and for everyone, it will be a little different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we can make certain inferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many people wonder: Can you be contagious before symptoms of COVID appear?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on in the pandemic, the answer was definitely yes – and that’s one reason why it was so hard to control COVID. We knew this from \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2008457\">studies\u003c/a> that showed transmission happening before the sick person had any symptoms. You would not necessarily know when you were exposed to someone contagious because they may have been “pre-symptomatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things have changed since 2020. Now, most of our immune systems can recognize the virus — as a result of previous exposures and/or being vaccinated. The immune system’s reaction to even a small amount of virus could be symptoms like coughing, sore throat, running nose or a fever. With our immune systems primed, the body’s response comes much more quickly than it would have back in 2020 when SARS-CoV-2 was a novel pathogen. So those symptoms could appear early on after exposure — even before we’re infectious. This was shown \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad582/7285011\">in a study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Clinical Infectious Disease\u003c/em> that examined people’s symptoms compared to how much virus they were carrying across the days of their infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The infectious window\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The infectious window — the period during which you’re contagious — varies from person to person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, it may only be a couple of days, whereas, for others, it can be a week or even longer (especially in people who are immunocompromised and can’t easily clear the virus).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re lucky, your housemate will have a short window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s the matter of quantity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many, if not most, people will transmit only small amounts of SARS-CoV-2 after getting infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 happens from a relatively small number of highly infectious people — called superspreaders. Research on transmission has shown a \u003ca href=\"https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1\">wide variation\u003c/a> in how many people get infected by one person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some superspreaders are just biologically capable of shedding a lot of viruses. One study published in November 2023 \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciad701/7424866?login=true#432788078\">found an association\u003c/a> between higher BMI in men and higher viral loads. Other superspreaders could have a big network of people they come into contact with — for example, infecting \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2770172\">on a bus\u003c/a> or in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6919e6.htm\">choir\u003c/a> setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You can reduce the amount of pathogens you’re exposed to\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just breathing in a pathogen doesn’t mean you’ll get sick. This is the difference between exposure versus actual infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a pathogen to cause disease, you must be exposed to enough of it — the minimum infectious dose — so it can overcome your immune defenses. Some pathogens can do their work with a tiny infectious dose, meaning even just a few microbes or viral particles are sufficient to infect you, while others require a much heftier exposure. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s why you’re unlikely to catch COVID from, say, dashing into a grocery store for a quick shop and perhaps breathing in a very small amount of virus. The \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/ChristoPhraser/status/1737513787563868270?s=20\">duration of exposure\u003c/a> and the concentration of the pathogen in its preferred route (air, for this virus) affect your chance of getting sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are exposed to small amounts of pathogens all the time, but usually, it is not enough to cause disease. Sometimes, however, it is. A more sinister example of these principles is Coxiella burnetii, the bacteria that causes “Q Fever.” It can spread to people from animals, including farm animals, and is on the list of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.selectagents.gov/sat/list.htm\">select agents\u003c/a>” for bioterrorism concerns. The bacteria has a very low infectious dose, is stable in the environment and can spread so effectively that even living miles downwind of a farm is a risk factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the dose you are exposed to is one way to avoid infection. For SARS-CoV-2, opening windows can dilute the cloud of aerosols by bringing in fresh air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your home has a fan with an air filter or you’re using a HEPA air purifier, the infectious aerosol particles \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/02/03/diy-filtration/\">can become trapped in the filter\u003c/a> rather than in your lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reiterate, the cumulative dose you inhale depends on the time you spend in a place and the concentration of viral particles there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masks that are worn correctly and consistently will also reduce that dose. If your housemate is infected and you wear an effective mask (a well-fitting N95, for example), the mask will trap most of the viral particles, reducing the amount you inhale. If the person with COVID masks up, that will decrease the quantity of pathogens they’re emitting into the air as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Your immune system (or medications) could save you\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been vaccinated or had a prior infection, your immune system could be able to knock out the pathogen. The older you get, the less effective your immune system will be. And if you have a medical condition that makes your immune system weaker — like cancer or chronic diseases like diabetes — that could also play a role in whether exposure to viral particles will lead to infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For healthy people exposed to a sick person, antiviral drugs (or antibiotics for bacteria) can often avert infection after exposure — this is called post-exposure prophylaxis and is used for many infections already, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-prevention/using-hiv-medication-to-reduce-risk/post-exposure-prophylaxis/\">HIV\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2211934\">gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In one study, researchers looked at whether those living at home with someone infected with COVID-19 were less likely to get sick if they used the antiviral Paxlovid. The study found a signal — \u003ca href=\"https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-shares-top-line-results-phase-23-epic-pep-study\">a 32% reduced risk\u003c/a> of getting sick compared to placebo — but did not meet statistical significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in conclusion, yes, you can live with someone with COVID and not catch it. Because infectious disease transmission is complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, we do see weird things happening with infectious diseases every single day. So yes, in theory, you could catch, say, mpox from dust particles on a patient’s blanket. This happened in a \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32023204/\">famous case\u003c/a> from the U.K., but it is exceedingly rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t fall for the trap of thinking that your single example represents the general trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to COVID, let me assure you: It is contagious — but remember, that doesn’t mean everyone who is in contact with someone infected will catch it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was infected a few weeks ago. My mother and sister were both in the car with me hours before I felt sick and tested positive. My sister got COVID days later. But my mother never got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AbraarKaran?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">\u003cem>Abraar Karan\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is an infectious disease physician and researcher at Stanford University. He worked on the COVID-19 pandemic for the Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the mpox outbreak for the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "4 Ways AI Could Help Fight Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lots of industries have embraced artificial intelligence as a tool this past year, including climate solutions companies. From detecting pollution to wildfires, companies are finding AI can help translate vast amounts of climate-related data faster and more efficiently, says Sasha Luccioni, climate lead for AI company Hugging Face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luccioni notes it’s important to be cautious about whether AI is always necessary. Generative AI, which makes new content, can use large amounts of energy and have a big carbon footprint. But she says there are many applications for AI in the green transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are four ways companies, researchers and governments use AI for climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to detect planet-heating methane\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Methane emissions, the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide, are climbing. The highly potent pollutant — the main ingredient in natural gas — gets released by the energy sector, as well as agriculture and decomposing material in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-11-23-ai-automatically-detects-methane-plumes-space-could-be-powerful-tool-combating\"> researchers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/case-studies/utilities/duke-energy-powers-ai-platform\">companies\u003c/a> are using AI to interpret huge quantities of satellite images to track global methane emissions on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we could mine satellite information with AI, we had no idea where methane was coming from,” says Antoine Halff, co-founder and chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “We understood the climate risk that this represented. But there was no understanding of the sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kayrros began in 2016, Halff says the world knew about only a handful of occurrences of large methane leaks and other releases. He says his team can now detect dozens of them every week and thousands yearly. “For methane,” Halff says, “AI really reveals things that could not be known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations uses Kayrros’s AI-fueled data to verify that companies’ reports on methane emissions are accurate. Other governments are gearing up for more methane monitoring:\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\"> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/eu-methane-emissions-law-pollution-0c7e15ee81a05aad88e56935ae24216f\"> the European Union\u003c/a> recently passed new methane regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is so potent, targeting it through AI makes strategic sense, Halff says. “If you eliminate methane emissions today,” he says, “you can very quickly have an impact on the curve of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971401\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971401\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a field of gas and oil drills\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI for early detection of forest fires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving more frequent and intense wildfires, and those burns are making up an\u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/03/02/wildfires-in-2021-emitted-a-record-breaking-amount-of-carbon-dioxide/\"> increasing share\u003c/a> of planet-heating pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a Berlin-based startup uses AI with sensors in forests to find small burns before they spread into megafires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dryad.net/team\">Carsten Brinkschulte\u003c/a>, CEO of Dryad, uses AI to train sensors to detect the specific gasses that get released when organic material burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically like an electronic nose that we embed in the forest,” Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nose-like sensors can detect the fires early in the smoldering stage, “when it’s still easy or relatively easy to extinguish the fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has 50 sensor installations from the Middle East to California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/18/2797950/0/en/Dryad-s-Silvanet-Detects-Unauthorized-Wildfire-in-Lebanon-in-30-Minutes-Prompting-Timely-Response-and-Resolution.html\">Last month in Lebanon\u003c/a>, sensors reacted to a small fire within 30 minutes, Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to prevent new wildfires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way to stop megafires is to set “controlled burns” outside of fire season to remove the excess brush and vegetation that become fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, so-called burn managers — who are people from utilities, the federal forest service or other entities — deploy teams to designated areas to set controlled burns. (Native tribes have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">long history of making these controlled burns\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to do the work safely, burn managers need lots of information to know how the fire might behave so it doesn’t spin out of control. They need to know things like the wind conditions and amount of moisture in the vegetation, says Yolanda Gil, director for strategic AI and data science initiatives at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After interviewing fire scientists, Gil and their team used AI to create a so-called intelligent or smart assistant —like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa —that can access vast data sets and complex models. Burn managers can use these Siri-like assistants to decide where and when to make controlled burns. “It’s kind of like Siri, but for burn managers,” Gil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil says burn managers can ask the smart assistant about a particular area. The assistant can take information about the topography, the vegetation, weather patterns and recommend a potential burn model —a way to make a safe controlled burn, Gil says. The goal, they say, is to make these assistants widely available for utilities, the forest service, and others doing controlled burns to make them safer and plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to send out the first prototypes of the smart assistants in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2542px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/companies-like-kobold-metals-and-earth-ai-are-using-ai-to-speed-up-the-search-for-critical-minerals-like-lithium-cobalt-and-copper-these-minerals-are-key-for-climate-solutions-like-solar-panels-and/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971385\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg\" alt=\"a dump truck mining a field of minerals\" width=\"2542\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg 2542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2542px) 100vw, 2542px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI in green tech mining\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate solutions from solar panels to electric vehicles require immense amounts of minerals like cobalt, lithium and copper. But current supplies are not enough to meet growing demand. By 2030, projected lithium demand will be five times the current global supply, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/\"> International Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, governments, researchers, and companies are using AI to explore critical minerals. Colin Williams, mineral resources program coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, writes in an email that his team\u003ca href=\"https://criticalminerals.darpa.mil/\"> uses AI\u003c/a> to analyze data to determine which areas in the U.S. have the best potential for mining critical metals. He adds that using AI means “dramatic time savings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot of data out there about what it looks like under the earth’s surface. Using AI to sift through all this data helps minimize uncertainty, Williams says. Because mining operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/ces-2023-monetary-tightening-weighs-down-exploration-activity\">spend billions of dollars\u003c/a> trying to find profitable areas to exploit, companies say using AI can help save a lot of time and money in locating minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/mining-looks-to-ai-for-edge-in-finding-new-metal-76345909\">all over the world\u003c/a> —from Australian \u003ca href=\"https://sensore.com/about/\">SensOre\u003c/a> to California-based\u003ca href=\"https://www.koboldmetals.com/\"> KoBold Metals\u003c/a> —are now using AI to explore for minerals on several continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca>www.npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lots of industries have embraced artificial intelligence as a tool this past year, including climate solutions companies. From detecting pollution to wildfires, companies are finding AI can help translate vast amounts of climate-related data faster and more efficiently, says Sasha Luccioni, climate lead for AI company Hugging Face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luccioni notes it’s important to be cautious about whether AI is always necessary. Generative AI, which makes new content, can use large amounts of energy and have a big carbon footprint. But she says there are many applications for AI in the green transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are four ways companies, researchers and governments use AI for climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to detect planet-heating methane\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Methane emissions, the second biggest contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide, are climbing. The highly potent pollutant — the main ingredient in natural gas — gets released by the energy sector, as well as agriculture and decomposing material in landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now,\u003ca href=\"https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2023-11-23-ai-automatically-detects-methane-plumes-space-could-be-powerful-tool-combating\"> researchers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.accenture.com/us-en/case-studies/utilities/duke-energy-powers-ai-platform\">companies\u003c/a> are using AI to interpret huge quantities of satellite images to track global methane emissions on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we could mine satellite information with AI, we had no idea where methane was coming from,” says Antoine Halff, co-founder and chief analyst at Kayrros, a climate analytics firm. “We understood the climate risk that this represented. But there was no understanding of the sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kayrros began in 2016, Halff says the world knew about only a handful of occurrences of large methane leaks and other releases. He says his team can now detect dozens of them every week and thousands yearly. “For methane,” Halff says, “AI really reveals things that could not be known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Nations uses Kayrros’s AI-fueled data to verify that companies’ reports on methane emissions are accurate. Other governments are gearing up for more methane monitoring:\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/12/02/1216401828/epa-aims-to-slash-the-oil-industrys-climate-warming-methane-pollution\"> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/eu-methane-emissions-law-pollution-0c7e15ee81a05aad88e56935ae24216f\"> the European Union\u003c/a> recently passed new methane regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because methane is so potent, targeting it through AI makes strategic sense, Halff says. “If you eliminate methane emissions today,” he says, “you can very quickly have an impact on the curve of global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971401\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971401\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971401\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"a field of gas and oil drills\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1351224007_custom-0e5e0ed77722cb64595a41f527f6769e6304ddff-s1600-c85-1536x1012.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI for early detection of forest fires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving more frequent and intense wildfires, and those burns are making up an\u003ca href=\"https://news.uci.edu/2023/03/02/wildfires-in-2021-emitted-a-record-breaking-amount-of-carbon-dioxide/\"> increasing share\u003c/a> of planet-heating pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a Berlin-based startup uses AI with sensors in forests to find small burns before they spread into megafires. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dryad.net/team\">Carsten Brinkschulte\u003c/a>, CEO of Dryad, uses AI to train sensors to detect the specific gasses that get released when organic material burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re basically like an electronic nose that we embed in the forest,” Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nose-like sensors can detect the fires early in the smoldering stage, “when it’s still easy or relatively easy to extinguish the fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has 50 sensor installations from the Middle East to California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/18/2797950/0/en/Dryad-s-Silvanet-Detects-Unauthorized-Wildfire-in-Lebanon-in-30-Minutes-Prompting-Timely-Response-and-Resolution.html\">Last month in Lebanon\u003c/a>, sensors reacted to a small fire within 30 minutes, Brinkschulte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using AI to prevent new wildfires\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Another way to stop megafires is to set “controlled burns” outside of fire season to remove the excess brush and vegetation that become fuel for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, so-called burn managers — who are people from utilities, the federal forest service or other entities — deploy teams to designated areas to set controlled burns. (Native tribes have a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/24/899422710/to-manage-wildfire-california-looks-to-what-tribes-have-known-all-along\">long history of making these controlled burns\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to do the work safely, burn managers need lots of information to know how the fire might behave so it doesn’t spin out of control. They need to know things like the wind conditions and amount of moisture in the vegetation, says Yolanda Gil, director for strategic AI and data science initiatives at the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After interviewing fire scientists, Gil and their team used AI to create a so-called intelligent or smart assistant —like Apple’s Siri or Amazon’s Alexa —that can access vast data sets and complex models. Burn managers can use these Siri-like assistants to decide where and when to make controlled burns. “It’s kind of like Siri, but for burn managers,” Gil says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil says burn managers can ask the smart assistant about a particular area. The assistant can take information about the topography, the vegetation, weather patterns and recommend a potential burn model —a way to make a safe controlled burn, Gil says. The goal, they say, is to make these assistants widely available for utilities, the forest service, and others doing controlled burns to make them safer and plentiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to send out the first prototypes of the smart assistants in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2542px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2024/01/02/4-ways-ai-could-help-fight-climate-change/companies-like-kobold-metals-and-earth-ai-are-using-ai-to-speed-up-the-search-for-critical-minerals-like-lithium-cobalt-and-copper-these-minerals-are-key-for-climate-solutions-like-solar-panels-and/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11971385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971385\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg\" alt=\"a dump truck mining a field of minerals\" width=\"2542\" height=\"1907\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292.jpg 2542w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/gettyimages-1244574317-8e6dbce1f990a88457afe5db80dc8cb8d5cde292-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2542px) 100vw, 2542px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Companies like KoBold Metals and Earth AI are using AI to speed up the search for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt and copper. These minerals are key for climate solutions like solar panels and electric vehicles. \u003ccite>(Lucas Aguayo Araos/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Using AI in green tech mining\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Climate solutions from solar panels to electric vehicles require immense amounts of minerals like cobalt, lithium and copper. But current supplies are not enough to meet growing demand. By 2030, projected lithium demand will be five times the current global supply, according to the\u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/\"> International Energy Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, governments, researchers, and companies are using AI to explore critical minerals. Colin Williams, mineral resources program coordinator for the U.S. Geological Survey, writes in an email that his team\u003ca href=\"https://criticalminerals.darpa.mil/\"> uses AI\u003c/a> to analyze data to determine which areas in the U.S. have the best potential for mining critical metals. He adds that using AI means “dramatic time savings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a lot of data out there about what it looks like under the earth’s surface. Using AI to sift through all this data helps minimize uncertainty, Williams says. Because mining operations \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/research/ces-2023-monetary-tightening-weighs-down-exploration-activity\">spend billions of dollars\u003c/a> trying to find profitable areas to exploit, companies say using AI can help save a lot of time and money in locating minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/mining-looks-to-ai-for-edge-in-finding-new-metal-76345909\">all over the world\u003c/a> —from Australian \u003ca href=\"https://sensore.com/about/\">SensOre\u003c/a> to California-based\u003ca href=\"https://www.koboldmetals.com/\"> KoBold Metals\u003c/a> —are now using AI to explore for minerals on several continents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Got an ambition that’s been on the shelf for a while? This is the year to turn it into a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve been trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt#:~:text=1.,have%20something%20to%20work%20toward.\">pay off your credit cards\u003c/a> but have been struggling to save money because of inflation. Maybe you’re considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">taking the next step in your relationship\u003c/a> but want to ensure it’s the right call. Or perhaps you just want to scratch some of those smaller projects off your to-do list: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">declutter\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">start flossing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">make more friends at work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your goal is, Life Kit is here to support you. This year’s New Year’s Resolution Planner has a fresh mix of ideas to help you move forward in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each episode comes with clear, practical advice on achieving the objective, which is important when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">sticking to a resolution\u003c/a>. “Goal pursuit requires focused attention,” says \u003ca href=\"https://childrensbehavioralhealth.uoregon.edu/elliot-berkman\">Elliot Berkman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Oregon. “Our minds need to be focused on one thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ready to take action? Got your target set? Let’s go!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This year, I want to …\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Career\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/08/944307129/how-to-ask-for-a-raise-know-your-value-and-bring-the-evidence\">Ask for a raise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963330752/side-gigs-are-demanding-heres-how-to-make-one-work\">Start a side hustle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/30/792426201/want-to-quit-your-job-heres-how-to-do-it-well\">Quit my job\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959656202/5-steps-to-shake-the-feeling-that-youre-an-impostor\">Shake my impostor syndrome \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Fitness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/07/1044016040/weightlifting-strength-training-tips-getting-started\">Get stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/676129459/get-started-exercising\">Start exercising \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/20/1183297514/tips-for-how-to-run\">Become a runner\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1119309409/exercises-to-futureproof-your-body-against-chronic-pain\">Be more flexible \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/07/22/1189303227/neat-fitness-non-exercise-activity-thermogenesis\">Get healthier (without going to the gym)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Get organized\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">Keep my New Year’s resolutions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/22/1145019667/how-to-make-a-better-to-do-list\">Write to-do lists that work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/25/809256398/tiny-habits-are-the-key-to-behavioral-change\">Start a new healthy habit \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/996939779/a-behavioral-scientists-advice-for-changing-your-life\">Change my life \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/21/979183329/too-much-focusing-is-draining-heres-a-better-strategy\">Improve my focus \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/02/781673495/6-ways-to-take-a-break-from-drinking\">Drink less alcohol \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/02/1051553451/how-to-wake-up-early\">Be a morning person \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124371309/busting-common-hydration-water-myths\">Drink enough water\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/09/09/1198047149/blue-zones-live-to-100-7-healthy-habits\">Try to live to 100 \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/20/705224709/dont-count-sheep-better-bedtime-rituals\">Sleep better\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/09/1196977570/5-ways-to-eat-more-mindfully\">Eat more mindfully \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">Take care of my teeth \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Hobbies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/22/1177552573/extend-the-life-of-your-clothes-with-visible-mending\">Mend my own clothes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">Get into birding \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101187823/how-to-learn-a-heritage-language\">Learn a heritage language\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/792439555\">Start a creative habit\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188769974/find-books-youll-love\">Find good books to read\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">Clean out my clutter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1217925264/your-life-kit-to-emergency-preparedness\">Prep for emergencies \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/01/01/1197225554/how-to-save-time-while-doing-laundry\">Save time on laundry \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/03/1196977935/save-money-energy-tips\">Make my home more climate-friendly \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Mental health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/25/1151414475/the-five-kinds-of-perfectionists\">Embrace my perfectionism\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/05/1174297769/5-ways-to-explore-your-gender-identity\">Explore my gender identity \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/04/1150518287/fun-play-happiness-stress-reduction\">Have more fun \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/913207918/how-to-say-no-for-the-people-pleaser-who-always-says-yes\">Get better at saying “no”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/974787023/burnout-isnt-just-exhaustion-heres-how-to-deal-with-it\">Deal with burnout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/21/1066585316/mindfulness-meditation-with-john-kabat-zinn\">Get into meditation\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Family\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/26/971811133/theres-never-a-right-time-for-a-baby-but-these-questions-can-help-you-decide\">Decide whether I want kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056834875/egg-freezing-process-how-much-does-it-cost\">Freeze my eggs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128737199/the-5-minute-daily-playtime-ritual-that-can-get-your-kids-to-listen-better\">Spend more quality time with my kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/11/1186984003/how-to-be-a-supportive-adult-in-a-kids-life\">Be a better auntie or uncle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141464706/how-to-start-new-traditions-that-feel-right-to-you\">Start new traditions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Finances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683530953/be-the-master-of-your-budget\">Make a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt\">Get out of debt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/10/1186764390/how-to-choose-a-bank\">Find a better bank \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/915289340/spend-savvier-save-smarter-5-tips-to-stop-stress-spending\">Stop stress spending \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/31/1191071743/how-to-have-fun-for-cheap\">Have fun on a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Relationships\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/01/1022875293/relationship-contracts-couples-useful-advice-tips\">Create a “relationship contract”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1079913837/comic-how-to-be-single-and-live-a-full-life-on-your-own-terms\">Be OK with being single \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">Get married\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">Create friends at work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The episodes were created by Life Kit. Design, development and illustrations by Connie Hanzhang Jin. Production, editing and art direction by Malaka Gharib, Clare Marie Schneider and Beck Harlan. Special thanks to Life Kit supervising editor Meghan Keane, growth editor Arielle Retting, podcast project manager Lyndsey McKenna and engagement editor Amanda Orr.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’d love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"tel:2022169823\">\u003cem>202-216-9823\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>sign up for our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Need+a+New+Year%27s+resolution%3F+Here+are+50+ways+to+improve+your+life+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Got an ambition that’s been on the shelf for a while? This is the year to turn it into a reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve been trying to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt#:~:text=1.,have%20something%20to%20work%20toward.\">pay off your credit cards\u003c/a> but have been struggling to save money because of inflation. Maybe you’re considering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">taking the next step in your relationship\u003c/a> but want to ensure it’s the right call. Or perhaps you just want to scratch some of those smaller projects off your to-do list: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">declutter\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">start flossing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">make more friends at work\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your goal is, Life Kit is here to support you. This year’s New Year’s Resolution Planner has a fresh mix of ideas to help you move forward in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each episode comes with clear, practical advice on achieving the objective, which is important when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">sticking to a resolution\u003c/a>. “Goal pursuit requires focused attention,” says \u003ca href=\"https://childrensbehavioralhealth.uoregon.edu/elliot-berkman\">Elliot Berkman\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Oregon. “Our minds need to be focused on one thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ready to take action? Got your target set? Let’s go!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This year, I want to …\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Career\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/12/08/944307129/how-to-ask-for-a-raise-know-your-value-and-bring-the-evidence\">Ask for a raise\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/02/963330752/side-gigs-are-demanding-heres-how-to-make-one-work\">Start a side hustle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/30/792426201/want-to-quit-your-job-heres-how-to-do-it-well\">Quit my job\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/22/959656202/5-steps-to-shake-the-feeling-that-youre-an-impostor\">Shake my impostor syndrome \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Fitness\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/07/1044016040/weightlifting-strength-training-tips-getting-started\">Get stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/12/676129459/get-started-exercising\">Start exercising \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/20/1183297514/tips-for-how-to-run\">Become a runner\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/24/1119309409/exercises-to-futureproof-your-body-against-chronic-pain\">Be more flexible \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/07/22/1189303227/neat-fitness-non-exercise-activity-thermogenesis\">Get healthier (without going to the gym)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Get organized\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/02/1144894026/time-is-fleeting-heres-how-to-stay-on-track-with-new-years-goals\">Keep my New Year’s resolutions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/22/1145019667/how-to-make-a-better-to-do-list\">Write to-do lists that work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/25/809256398/tiny-habits-are-the-key-to-behavioral-change\">Start a new healthy habit \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/14/996939779/a-behavioral-scientists-advice-for-changing-your-life\">Change my life \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/21/979183329/too-much-focusing-is-draining-heres-a-better-strategy\">Improve my focus \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/02/781673495/6-ways-to-take-a-break-from-drinking\">Drink less alcohol \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/02/1051553451/how-to-wake-up-early\">Be a morning person \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124371309/busting-common-hydration-water-myths\">Drink enough water\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/09/09/1198047149/blue-zones-live-to-100-7-healthy-habits\">Try to live to 100 \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/20/705224709/dont-count-sheep-better-bedtime-rituals\">Sleep better\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/09/1196977570/5-ways-to-eat-more-mindfully\">Eat more mindfully \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/23/1159143783/teeth-an-owners-manual\">Take care of my teeth \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Hobbies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/22/1177552573/extend-the-life-of-your-clothes-with-visible-mending\">Mend my own clothes\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">Get into birding \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/25/1101187823/how-to-learn-a-heritage-language\">Learn a heritage language\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/792439555\">Start a creative habit\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/19/1188769974/find-books-youll-love\">Find good books to read\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">Clean out my clutter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1217925264/your-life-kit-to-emergency-preparedness\">Prep for emergencies \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/01/01/1197225554/how-to-save-time-while-doing-laundry\">Save time on laundry \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/03/1196977935/save-money-energy-tips\">Make my home more climate-friendly \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Mental health\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/25/1151414475/the-five-kinds-of-perfectionists\">Embrace my perfectionism\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/05/1174297769/5-ways-to-explore-your-gender-identity\">Explore my gender identity \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/04/1150518287/fun-play-happiness-stress-reduction\">Have more fun \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/15/913207918/how-to-say-no-for-the-people-pleaser-who-always-says-yes\">Get better at saying “no”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/974787023/burnout-isnt-just-exhaustion-heres-how-to-deal-with-it\">Deal with burnout\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/12/21/1066585316/mindfulness-meditation-with-john-kabat-zinn\">Get into meditation\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Family\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/26/971811133/theres-never-a-right-time-for-a-baby-but-these-questions-can-help-you-decide\">Decide whether I want kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056834875/egg-freezing-process-how-much-does-it-cost\">Freeze my eggs\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/13/1128737199/the-5-minute-daily-playtime-ritual-that-can-get-your-kids-to-listen-better\">Spend more quality time with my kids \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/11/1186984003/how-to-be-a-supportive-adult-in-a-kids-life\">Be a better auntie or uncle \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141464706/how-to-start-new-traditions-that-feel-right-to-you\">Start new traditions \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Finances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683530953/be-the-master-of-your-budget\">Make a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694669510/7-strategies-for-digging-out-of-debt\">Get out of debt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/10/1186764390/how-to-choose-a-bank\">Find a better bank \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/21/915289340/spend-savvier-save-smarter-5-tips-to-stop-stress-spending\">Stop stress spending \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/31/1191071743/how-to-have-fun-for-cheap\">Have fun on a budget\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Relationships\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/01/1022875293/relationship-contracts-couples-useful-advice-tips\">Create a “relationship contract”\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1079913837/comic-how-to-be-single-and-live-a-full-life-on-your-own-terms\">Be OK with being single \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/09/1162385260/5-questions-to-ask-each-other-before-marriage\">Get married\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/02/24/1158881773/friendships-at-work-can-boost-happiness-heres-how-to-nurture-them\">Create friends at work\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The episodes were created by Life Kit. Design, development and illustrations by Connie Hanzhang Jin. Production, editing and art direction by Malaka Gharib, Clare Marie Schneider and Beck Harlan. Special thanks to Life Kit supervising editor Meghan Keane, growth editor Arielle Retting, podcast project manager Lyndsey McKenna and engagement editor Amanda Orr.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’d love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"tel:2022169823\">\u003cem>202-216-9823\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> or email us at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Life Kit on Apple Podcasts and Spotify, or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://n.pr/3xN1tB9\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>sign up for our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Need+a+New+Year%27s+resolution%3F+Here+are+50+ways+to+improve+your+life+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "thinking-of-buying-an-ev-in-2024-heres-what-to-know-about-changes-to-the-7500-tax-credit",
"title": "Thinking of Getting an EV in 2024? Here's What to Know About Changes to the $7,500 Tax Credit",
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"headTitle": "Thinking of Getting an EV in 2024? Here’s What to Know About Changes to the $7,500 Tax Credit | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you are considering buying an electric car in 2024, there’s good news — and bad news: A hefty federal tax credit for electric vehicles is going to get easier to access next year, but fewer vehicles will likely qualify for the full $7,500 credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax credits are a key part of the Biden administration’s plan to speed up the shift to electric vehicles and slash carbon emissions from transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the government is also trying to push companies to bring more jobs to the U.S. by requiring a domestic supply chain. Those two goals can be in tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For car shoppers, the result can be confusing. We’ll do our best to help you navigate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a practical, plain English guide to how the electric vehicle tax credit will work in 2024 — including why you may also consider leasing a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s new for 2024: instant rebate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, EV buyers won’t have to wait until the following year’s tax season to claim — and pocket — the clean vehicle tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, there’s a new option to take the credit as a rebate right when you purchase the vehicle. This means that after a bit of paperwork at the dealership, the credit will be available as essentially cash in hand (or, more likely, knocked off the cost of the vehicle) on the day of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will work like this: First, after confirming the sale is eligible for the tax credit, the dealer basically fronts you the money. If you’re eligible for $7,500, the dealer credits you for that money as though you’d brought it in as cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the dealer submits documentation to the IRS, and the IRS pays back the dealer that $7,500 — effectively meaning the tax credit is being handled through the dealership.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You, the buyer, still need to be under an income cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An important part of this process is that as the buyer, you need to attest that you are under the income cap, that you’re buying the vehicle for your own use, and that you’re buying it to use in the United States. These \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/credits-for-new-clean-vehicles-purchased-in-2023-or-after\">requirements \u003c/a>have not changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That income cap is based on “modified adjusted gross income” — your income after certain deductions (like retirement contributions). It’s generally Line 11 on your \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf\">1040 form\u003c/a>, but you’ll need to add those back in if you have foreign income or income from Guam or Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The income caps for new vehicles are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$300,000 for married couples filing jointly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$225,000 for heads of households\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$150,000 for all other filers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Note that adjusted gross income (AGI) is not the same as total income (your salary before any deductions) or taxable income (which is AGI minus standard or itemized deductions).[aside label=\"more EV coverage\" tag=\"electric-vehicles\"]“It’s definitely confusing,” says Alison Flores, a manager with the Tax Institute at H&R Block. “Let’s say you’re single. Your salary is $160,000 a year. You may say, ‘Oh, I don’t qualify because I’m over $150,000,'” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But contributions to a 401(k), for instance, could easily mean your AGI is actually under the limit, she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if you aren’t sure how much money you’ll make in 2024? You can use the previous year’s income to qualify — as long as you are under that cap in either 2023 or 2024, you’re eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you make more than you expected? If you tell the dealer you are sure you met the income cap requirement, and it turns out you were over the cap in both 2023 and 2024, then you will need to repay the IRS the $7,500 tax credit when you file your 2024 taxes. (The dealer is not involved; that’s between you and the IRS to work out.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It no longer matters how much you owe in taxes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is another big benefit to taking the credit as a rebate: You get the full credit, regardless of your tax liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, a buyer would need a tax liability of at least $7,500 in a given year to get the full benefit of the credit. That’s because the credit could reduce your tax bill to zero, but it would never result in the IRS actually paying you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That functioned like an income \u003cem>minimum\u003c/em> since many low- and middle-income families owe less than that in taxes. It was also just another headache for people trying to figure out how much the credit was actually worth to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, even families with no tax liability at all can get the tax credit, effectively as a cash discount for the vehicle purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don’t need to calculate your taxes in advance to be confident in the amount you’ll get.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vehicles need to be made in America and under a price cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fully electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles can both qualify for the tax credit. To be eligible, vehicles must meet battery size and vehicle weight requirements and, more significantly, meet these two requirements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Be assembled in North America\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have a sticker price (MSRP) of less than $55,000 for cars and $80,000 for SUVs and trucks\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>It’s not always obvious which vehicles get the $55,000 cap and which get the $80,000 cap; you can confirm on \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Features can push up the sticker price, and some vehicles are assembled in multiple locations. Dealers can verify whether those requirements are met for any individual car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s more …\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Battery-sourcing requirements\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of vehicles that \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml\">qualify as of now\u003c/a> is frequently changing. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $7,500 tax credit is actually two separate credits, each worth $3,750. Vehicles can qualify for both, one or neither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify, in addition to the basic criteria above, the batteries in vehicles matter. That’s because the materials that go into those batteries also need to meet sourcing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These requirements are designed to encourage the auto industry to rely less on China and more on the U.S. for these components in the name of supply chain security and U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the $3,750 credits focuses on the raw materials inside batteries, meaning a certain percentage of critical minerals, like lithium, graphite and cobalt, need to be mined or processed in the U.S. or a trade partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other $3,750 credit is about battery manufacturing: A certain percentage of the battery’s components, like anodes, cathodes and electrolytes, need to be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the percentages go up, and the requirements get a little harder to meet. Also, starting next year, battery components can’t come from companies controlled by China.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The list of qualifying cars is shifting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So which cars will qualify next year? Good question. Again, you can check \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a> for a list of eligible vehicles, but as of late December, the site hasn’t been updated for 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some changes are likely. Tesla is warning buyers that some versions of the Model 3 will see their tax credit eligibility end after Dec. 31, and Ford believes the same is true for the Mustang Mach-E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Volkswagen is “cautiously optimistic” that the Chattanooga, Tennessee-built ID.4 will remain eligible, and General Motors says it expects to keep the credit for “many” of its EVs. Nissan is still assessing the status of its Leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worth noting: It’s when a vehicle is \u003cem>delivered\u003c/em>, not when it’s ordered or paid for, that affects which year’s requirements apply. That means if the Mach-E does drop out of eligibility in 2024, a buyer who ordered the vehicle in December but picks it up on Jan. 1 will be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leasing a car could lead to far fewer restrictions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you want to lease a vehicle, you can forget everything you just read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicles that are leased to consumers can be eligible for a version of the tax credit that is much easier to qualify for. It has no requirement that vehicles be made in America, no price cap for vehicles and no income caps. So if you want to lease a Kia EV6 from South Korea or a six-figure luxury sedan? Go to town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credit goes to the company leasing out the vehicle — not the person driving it — and companies aren’t required to pass the savings on to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, companies typically do pass along the discount in the form of a bonus applied at the start of the lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, with a lease, you have caps on mileage per year, and you’re not paying off a vehicle that you’ll eventually own free and clear. Be sure to consider whether a lease meets your needs. Make sure the discount is actually passed along to you, and read your entire contract carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV leases have \u003ca href=\"https://www.autonews.com/finance-insurance/ev-leasing-gets-boost-us-tax-credit-workaround\">increased dramatically\u003c/a> since April 2023, when many vehicles became ineligible for the purchase tax credit as the battery-sourcing restrictions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/15/1169763545/electric-cars-vehicles-tax-credit-climate-bill\">kicked in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t forget: There is also a credit for buying a used EV\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do the prices for new electric vehicles make you feel faint?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if they do, consider used ones. That’s because if you buy a used electric vehicle in 2024, from model year 2022 or earlier, there’s a tax credit for you, too. It’s worth 30% of the sales price, up to $4,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tax credit has a much lower income cap: $150,000 for a household and $75,000 for a single person. Again, that’s adjusted gross income, meaning an individual’s salary may be higher than that, and the person could still qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lower price cap, too: Vehicles must cost less than $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Used-EV prices have been falling rapidly lately, so while availability is still pretty tight, a qualifying vehicle is easier to find now than it used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of other requirements: This needs to be the first time the car was sold as a used vehicle since mid-2022. (That way, the IRS knows the used-vehicle credit gets applied only once.) You also have to buy the used vehicle from a dealership, not from an individual, and that dealership has to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/register-your-dealership-to-enable-credits-for-clean-vehicle-buyers\">registered with the IRS\u003c/a> to be able to report the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some buyers may be getting creative to meet that last requirement. The app Caramel, which is designed to facilitate private-party vehicle sales, is technically a licensed dealership. The company reports that EVs, and specifically used EVs potentially eligible for the tax credit, make up a surprisingly high percentage of transactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caramel says it plans to offer the tax credit for 2024 as an upfront discount, just like a brick-and-mortar dealership would.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Finally, you can get a very hefty credit for a business vehicle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you run a business, you may be interested in the separate commercial tax credit for EVs, which provides up to $7,500 for a light vehicle and up to $40,000 for a larger vehicle, like a delivery truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are far fewer restrictions on the commercial tax credit in terms of price cap or sourcing requirements. Of course, the vehicle does have to be used for a business purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of the credit depends on the vehicle’s purchase price: More details are \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/commercial-clean-vehicle-credit\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And note that for a single vehicle, you can get \u003cem>either \u003c/em>the clean vehicle tax credit or the commercial vehicle tax credit, but \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/13039\">not both\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+%247%2C500+tax+credit+for+electric+cars+will+see+big+changes+in+2024.+What+to+know&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you are considering buying an electric car in 2024, there’s good news — and bad news: A hefty federal tax credit for electric vehicles is going to get easier to access next year, but fewer vehicles will likely qualify for the full $7,500 credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax credits are a key part of the Biden administration’s plan to speed up the shift to electric vehicles and slash carbon emissions from transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, the government is also trying to push companies to bring more jobs to the U.S. by requiring a domestic supply chain. Those two goals can be in tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For car shoppers, the result can be confusing. We’ll do our best to help you navigate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a practical, plain English guide to how the electric vehicle tax credit will work in 2024 — including why you may also consider leasing a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s new for 2024: instant rebate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting in January, EV buyers won’t have to wait until the following year’s tax season to claim — and pocket — the clean vehicle tax credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, there’s a new option to take the credit as a rebate right when you purchase the vehicle. This means that after a bit of paperwork at the dealership, the credit will be available as essentially cash in hand (or, more likely, knocked off the cost of the vehicle) on the day of purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will work like this: First, after confirming the sale is eligible for the tax credit, the dealer basically fronts you the money. If you’re eligible for $7,500, the dealer credits you for that money as though you’d brought it in as cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the dealer submits documentation to the IRS, and the IRS pays back the dealer that $7,500 — effectively meaning the tax credit is being handled through the dealership.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You, the buyer, still need to be under an income cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An important part of this process is that as the buyer, you need to attest that you are under the income cap, that you’re buying the vehicle for your own use, and that you’re buying it to use in the United States. These \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/credits-for-new-clean-vehicles-purchased-in-2023-or-after\">requirements \u003c/a>have not changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That income cap is based on “modified adjusted gross income” — your income after certain deductions (like retirement contributions). It’s generally Line 11 on your \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1040.pdf\">1040 form\u003c/a>, but you’ll need to add those back in if you have foreign income or income from Guam or Puerto Rico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The income caps for new vehicles are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$300,000 for married couples filing jointly\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$225,000 for heads of households\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$150,000 for all other filers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Note that adjusted gross income (AGI) is not the same as total income (your salary before any deductions) or taxable income (which is AGI minus standard or itemized deductions).\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s definitely confusing,” says Alison Flores, a manager with the Tax Institute at H&R Block. “Let’s say you’re single. Your salary is $160,000 a year. You may say, ‘Oh, I don’t qualify because I’m over $150,000,'” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But contributions to a 401(k), for instance, could easily mean your AGI is actually under the limit, she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if you aren’t sure how much money you’ll make in 2024? You can use the previous year’s income to qualify — as long as you are under that cap in either 2023 or 2024, you’re eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you make more than you expected? If you tell the dealer you are sure you met the income cap requirement, and it turns out you were over the cap in both 2023 and 2024, then you will need to repay the IRS the $7,500 tax credit when you file your 2024 taxes. (The dealer is not involved; that’s between you and the IRS to work out.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It no longer matters how much you owe in taxes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This is another big benefit to taking the credit as a rebate: You get the full credit, regardless of your tax liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, a buyer would need a tax liability of at least $7,500 in a given year to get the full benefit of the credit. That’s because the credit could reduce your tax bill to zero, but it would never result in the IRS actually paying you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That functioned like an income \u003cem>minimum\u003c/em> since many low- and middle-income families owe less than that in taxes. It was also just another headache for people trying to figure out how much the credit was actually worth to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, even families with no tax liability at all can get the tax credit, effectively as a cash discount for the vehicle purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And you don’t need to calculate your taxes in advance to be confident in the amount you’ll get.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Vehicles need to be made in America and under a price cap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fully electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles can both qualify for the tax credit. To be eligible, vehicles must meet battery size and vehicle weight requirements and, more significantly, meet these two requirements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Be assembled in North America\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have a sticker price (MSRP) of less than $55,000 for cars and $80,000 for SUVs and trucks\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>It’s not always obvious which vehicles get the $55,000 cap and which get the $80,000 cap; you can confirm on \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Features can push up the sticker price, and some vehicles are assembled in multiple locations. Dealers can verify whether those requirements are met for any individual car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s more …\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Battery-sourcing requirements\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of vehicles that \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml\">qualify as of now\u003c/a> is frequently changing. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $7,500 tax credit is actually two separate credits, each worth $3,750. Vehicles can qualify for both, one or neither.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To qualify, in addition to the basic criteria above, the batteries in vehicles matter. That’s because the materials that go into those batteries also need to meet sourcing requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These requirements are designed to encourage the auto industry to rely less on China and more on the U.S. for these components in the name of supply chain security and U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the $3,750 credits focuses on the raw materials inside batteries, meaning a certain percentage of critical minerals, like lithium, graphite and cobalt, need to be mined or processed in the U.S. or a trade partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other $3,750 credit is about battery manufacturing: A certain percentage of the battery’s components, like anodes, cathodes and electrolytes, need to be manufactured or assembled in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the percentages go up, and the requirements get a little harder to meet. Also, starting next year, battery components can’t come from companies controlled by China.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The list of qualifying cars is shifting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So which cars will qualify next year? Good question. Again, you can check \u003ca href=\"https://fueleconomy.gov/feg/tax2023.shtml#requirements\">fueleconomy.gov\u003c/a> for a list of eligible vehicles, but as of late December, the site hasn’t been updated for 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some changes are likely. Tesla is warning buyers that some versions of the Model 3 will see their tax credit eligibility end after Dec. 31, and Ford believes the same is true for the Mustang Mach-E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Volkswagen is “cautiously optimistic” that the Chattanooga, Tennessee-built ID.4 will remain eligible, and General Motors says it expects to keep the credit for “many” of its EVs. Nissan is still assessing the status of its Leaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worth noting: It’s when a vehicle is \u003cem>delivered\u003c/em>, not when it’s ordered or paid for, that affects which year’s requirements apply. That means if the Mach-E does drop out of eligibility in 2024, a buyer who ordered the vehicle in December but picks it up on Jan. 1 will be out of luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leasing a car could lead to far fewer restrictions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you want to lease a vehicle, you can forget everything you just read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vehicles that are leased to consumers can be eligible for a version of the tax credit that is much easier to qualify for. It has no requirement that vehicles be made in America, no price cap for vehicles and no income caps. So if you want to lease a Kia EV6 from South Korea or a six-figure luxury sedan? Go to town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credit goes to the company leasing out the vehicle — not the person driving it — and companies aren’t required to pass the savings on to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, companies typically do pass along the discount in the form of a bonus applied at the start of the lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, with a lease, you have caps on mileage per year, and you’re not paying off a vehicle that you’ll eventually own free and clear. Be sure to consider whether a lease meets your needs. Make sure the discount is actually passed along to you, and read your entire contract carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EV leases have \u003ca href=\"https://www.autonews.com/finance-insurance/ev-leasing-gets-boost-us-tax-credit-workaround\">increased dramatically\u003c/a> since April 2023, when many vehicles became ineligible for the purchase tax credit as the battery-sourcing restrictions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/15/1169763545/electric-cars-vehicles-tax-credit-climate-bill\">kicked in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t forget: There is also a credit for buying a used EV\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Do the prices for new electric vehicles make you feel faint?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, if they do, consider used ones. That’s because if you buy a used electric vehicle in 2024, from model year 2022 or earlier, there’s a tax credit for you, too. It’s worth 30% of the sales price, up to $4,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tax credit has a much lower income cap: $150,000 for a household and $75,000 for a single person. Again, that’s adjusted gross income, meaning an individual’s salary may be higher than that, and the person could still qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a lower price cap, too: Vehicles must cost less than $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Used-EV prices have been falling rapidly lately, so while availability is still pretty tight, a qualifying vehicle is easier to find now than it used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of other requirements: This needs to be the first time the car was sold as a used vehicle since mid-2022. (That way, the IRS knows the used-vehicle credit gets applied only once.) You also have to buy the used vehicle from a dealership, not from an individual, and that dealership has to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/register-your-dealership-to-enable-credits-for-clean-vehicle-buyers\">registered with the IRS\u003c/a> to be able to report the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some buyers may be getting creative to meet that last requirement. The app Caramel, which is designed to facilitate private-party vehicle sales, is technically a licensed dealership. The company reports that EVs, and specifically used EVs potentially eligible for the tax credit, make up a surprisingly high percentage of transactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caramel says it plans to offer the tax credit for 2024 as an upfront discount, just like a brick-and-mortar dealership would.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Finally, you can get a very hefty credit for a business vehicle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you run a business, you may be interested in the separate commercial tax credit for EVs, which provides up to $7,500 for a light vehicle and up to $40,000 for a larger vehicle, like a delivery truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are far fewer restrictions on the commercial tax credit in terms of price cap or sourcing requirements. Of course, the vehicle does have to be used for a business purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of the credit depends on the vehicle’s purchase price: More details are \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/credits-deductions/commercial-clean-vehicle-credit\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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