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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court hears arguments on Tuesday in an obscure tax case with potentially trillions of dollars in tax consequences for the federal budget. It is a case that has tax law specialists both gobsmacked and alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The words of the 16th Amendment to the Constitution do not roll off the tongue. Enacted in 1913, it says: “Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, the amendment was passed to reverse a Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/157/429/\">decision \u003c/a>that basically had made it impossible to have a federal income tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trump tax cuts at the heart of the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The operative understanding of what the amendment has meant for more than a century is now being challenged by Charles and Kathleen Moore. Backed by anti-regulatory groups, they are specifically challenging a provision in then-President Donald Trump’s huge \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/20/572157392/gop-poised-for-tax-victory-after-a-brief-delay\">2017 corporate tax cut,\u003c/a> a provision that helps pay for some of those tax cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moores contend that they have never actually made money from their foreign investment in an Indian company. Yes, they concede their investment has increased in value by well over a half-million dollars. But, they maintain that because they have not yet received any actual money, they are being unconstitutionally taxed on unrealized income. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Paul Ryan, Republican, who shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House\"]‘I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.’[/pullquote]Some of the facts the Moores have put forth are disputed, but importantly, the case is widely viewed by advocates on both sides as a preventive strike against any wealth tax of the kind proposed by Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. Not that anyone thinks such a tax has any chance of passing in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, if the Moores were to win, the federal government could be forced to pay back billions of dollars in corporate tax collections, and the effects of many other tax provisions could be profound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former House Speaker Paul Ryan, a Republican, shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House, including the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a person who drafted that … the goal was to finance a conversion from one system to another,” Ryan \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WVWirDCT08&t=1145s\">says\u003c/a>. “I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The background to the arguments\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Moores are portrayed as sympathetic plaintiffs in Supreme Court briefs and a video posted on the webpage of the anti-regulatory Competitive Enterprise Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Moore described how he invested $40,000 in his friend Ravi Agrawal’s power tool business in India 18 years ago, an investment now worth more than $500,000. “If Indian farmers could be made more productive by bringing power tools to them that are suitable for their types of farms, that would be great,” Moore says in the posted interview on the CEI website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Moores describe the couple as playing no active role in the company. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">documents \u003c/a>disclosed by the publication Tax Notes show that Charles Moore was far more involved in the company’s management than he suggested. \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">Records \u003c/a>show he served on the board of the company for five years between 2012 and 2017, that he was reimbursed for thousands of dollars in travel expenses to and from India, and that he provided the company short-term infusions of cash that were never used, but repaid with interest 60 days later with 12% interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Callas, who served for 15 years as a Republican staffer for tax-writing committees in Congress, sees all this as suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would you loan a company money for 60 days, have it sit in a bank account, never be used, and then repay it with a big interest rate unless you were just trying to find a way to get money out of the company without calling it that?” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this gets to the critical question posed by the Moores and their objection to paying a one-time $15,000 tax on an investment that is now worth more than 15 times its original value.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the tax was levied\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tax was imposed by Congress as a one-time payment to cover the transfer from one international tax rule to another. Under the old system, if you earned foreign income overseas in a foreign corporation that you owned, you wouldn’t have to pay taxes on those earnings until you brought the profits back to the United States. Congress saw that as a perverse incentive to keep profits offshore, and by some estimates, there was as much as $3 trillion in shielded offshore profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to move to a new system, the idea was that a one-time transition tax at a low rate, was needed. For the Moores, their one-time tax was $15,000, coincidentally roughly the amount Charles Moore was reimbursed for travel expenses. The Moores paid the tax and then challenged it in court as unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They never saw income. It never hit their bank account. They never got cash. They never got a check,” says Ilya Shapiro of the Manhattan Institute, who wrote a brief siding with the Moores in the case. “Their stake in the company increased, but they did not get any income.” Although the value of the Moores’ investment has grown, he contends, they “have never seen a red cent from this investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Callas, who, with Speaker Ryan, drafted and steered the 2017 tax bill through the Republican House, says the Moores’ tax \u003cem>is \u003c/em>realized income in just the same way that real estate and other business partnerships are taxed, whether or not the income is distributed. Similarly, he says Congress has, over time, used various devices to prevent corporations from setting up what are called corporate pocketbooks to escape paying taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in the international context, I’m going to set up a corporation in the Cayman Islands … and I’m going to contribute money, capital to it, and that corporation is going to make investments around the world … and as long as the profit stays in my Cayman subsidiary, I would never have to pay any tax. So, we have something in the tax code that Congress enacted in 1962 … that prevents that,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Broader impact of a ruling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In other words, it’s not just the Moores’ one-time tax at risk in this case. Remember, this is a tax that is expected to yield $340 billion by 2027 from mainly huge corporations, and the lion’s share of those taxes have already been collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, various \u003cem>other\u003c/em> tax regimes have been enacted to prevent tax dodges by the rich, and those too could be at risk, according to Callas. In the Moores’ case, they owned 11% of the Indian company, and under federal law, that is considered a controlling interest, meaning the owners have influence over the timing of any distributions and dividends, a leverage that Congress wanted to rein in to prevent tax avoidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the Supreme Court’s job to second-guess Congress on exactly what percentage of ownership should constitute control,” Callas says. “That’s not their job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And tax law experts, from liberal to conservative, warn that if the Supreme Court were to strike down the tax provision, the effects would be disastrous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chye-Ching Huang, director of the NYU Tax Law Center, says, “It would be chaos, and we would be facing a tsunami of tax litigation over years and decades trying to sort through the rubble of this.” [aside label='More Stories on Taxes' tag='taxes']The justices “are not playing with fire,” Callas says. They are playing with “enriched uranium,” and they don’t even know they could “blow up large portions of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, a phalanx of conservative, anti-regulatory, and anti-tax groups is arrayed against the tax in Tuesday’s case, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce — even though they supported the 2017 tax bill that included the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That clearly alarms tax experts, including Callas, who served as Speaker Ryan’s chief tax counsel when the bill was negotiated and passed. He notes that at the request of the Chamber of Commerce and other stakeholders, House Republicans made many specific changes to the bill, but there was “no discussion” of any “constitutional vulnerability.” It was “purely a discussion of how to design the policy appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Callas caustically observes, for the chamber and other stakeholders years later “to discover constitutional concerns that they didn’t raise before” strikes me as “opportunistic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Trump tax cuts at the heart of the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The operative understanding of what the amendment has meant for more than a century is now being challenged by Charles and Kathleen Moore. Backed by anti-regulatory groups, they are specifically challenging a provision in then-President Donald Trump’s huge \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/20/572157392/gop-poised-for-tax-victory-after-a-brief-delay\">2017 corporate tax cut,\u003c/a> a provision that helps pay for some of those tax cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Moores contend that they have never actually made money from their foreign investment in an Indian company. Yes, they concede their investment has increased in value by well over a half-million dollars. But, they maintain that because they have not yet received any actual money, they are being unconstitutionally taxed on unrealized income. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some of the facts the Moores have put forth are disputed, but importantly, the case is widely viewed by advocates on both sides as a preventive strike against any wealth tax of the kind proposed by Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. Not that anyone thinks such a tax has any chance of passing in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, if the Moores were to win, the federal government could be forced to pay back billions of dollars in corporate tax collections, and the effects of many other tax provisions could be profound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former House Speaker Paul Ryan, a Republican, shepherded the 2017 tax law through the House, including the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a person who drafted that … the goal was to finance a conversion from one system to another,” Ryan \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WVWirDCT08&t=1145s\">says\u003c/a>. “I’m not for a wealth tax, but I think if you use this as an argument to spike a wealth tax, you’re going to basically get rid of … a third of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The background to the arguments\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Moores are portrayed as sympathetic plaintiffs in Supreme Court briefs and a video posted on the webpage of the anti-regulatory Competitive Enterprise Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Moore described how he invested $40,000 in his friend Ravi Agrawal’s power tool business in India 18 years ago, an investment now worth more than $500,000. “If Indian farmers could be made more productive by bringing power tools to them that are suitable for their types of farms, that would be great,” Moore says in the posted interview on the CEI website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Moores describe the couple as playing no active role in the company. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">documents \u003c/a>disclosed by the publication Tax Notes show that Charles Moore was far more involved in the company’s management than he suggested. \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/featured-news/records-show-moores-interest-transition-tax-company-changed/2023/10/10/7hg74\">Records \u003c/a>show he served on the board of the company for five years between 2012 and 2017, that he was reimbursed for thousands of dollars in travel expenses to and from India, and that he provided the company short-term infusions of cash that were never used, but repaid with interest 60 days later with 12% interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Callas, who served for 15 years as a Republican staffer for tax-writing committees in Congress, sees all this as suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why would you loan a company money for 60 days, have it sit in a bank account, never be used, and then repay it with a big interest rate unless you were just trying to find a way to get money out of the company without calling it that?” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this gets to the critical question posed by the Moores and their objection to paying a one-time $15,000 tax on an investment that is now worth more than 15 times its original value.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why the tax was levied\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tax was imposed by Congress as a one-time payment to cover the transfer from one international tax rule to another. Under the old system, if you earned foreign income overseas in a foreign corporation that you owned, you wouldn’t have to pay taxes on those earnings until you brought the profits back to the United States. Congress saw that as a perverse incentive to keep profits offshore, and by some estimates, there was as much as $3 trillion in shielded offshore profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to move to a new system, the idea was that a one-time transition tax at a low rate, was needed. For the Moores, their one-time tax was $15,000, coincidentally roughly the amount Charles Moore was reimbursed for travel expenses. The Moores paid the tax and then challenged it in court as unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They never saw income. It never hit their bank account. They never got cash. They never got a check,” says Ilya Shapiro of the Manhattan Institute, who wrote a brief siding with the Moores in the case. “Their stake in the company increased, but they did not get any income.” Although the value of the Moores’ investment has grown, he contends, they “have never seen a red cent from this investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Callas, who, with Speaker Ryan, drafted and steered the 2017 tax bill through the Republican House, says the Moores’ tax \u003cem>is \u003c/em>realized income in just the same way that real estate and other business partnerships are taxed, whether or not the income is distributed. Similarly, he says Congress has, over time, used various devices to prevent corporations from setting up what are called corporate pocketbooks to escape paying taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So in the international context, I’m going to set up a corporation in the Cayman Islands … and I’m going to contribute money, capital to it, and that corporation is going to make investments around the world … and as long as the profit stays in my Cayman subsidiary, I would never have to pay any tax. So, we have something in the tax code that Congress enacted in 1962 … that prevents that,” Callas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Broader impact of a ruling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In other words, it’s not just the Moores’ one-time tax at risk in this case. Remember, this is a tax that is expected to yield $340 billion by 2027 from mainly huge corporations, and the lion’s share of those taxes have already been collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, various \u003cem>other\u003c/em> tax regimes have been enacted to prevent tax dodges by the rich, and those too could be at risk, according to Callas. In the Moores’ case, they owned 11% of the Indian company, and under federal law, that is considered a controlling interest, meaning the owners have influence over the timing of any distributions and dividends, a leverage that Congress wanted to rein in to prevent tax avoidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the Supreme Court’s job to second-guess Congress on exactly what percentage of ownership should constitute control,” Callas says. “That’s not their job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And tax law experts, from liberal to conservative, warn that if the Supreme Court were to strike down the tax provision, the effects would be disastrous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chye-Ching Huang, director of the NYU Tax Law Center, says, “It would be chaos, and we would be facing a tsunami of tax litigation over years and decades trying to sort through the rubble of this.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The justices “are not playing with fire,” Callas says. They are playing with “enriched uranium,” and they don’t even know they could “blow up large portions of the tax code.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, a phalanx of conservative, anti-regulatory, and anti-tax groups is arrayed against the tax in Tuesday’s case, including the U.S. Chamber of Commerce — even though they supported the 2017 tax bill that included the provision before the Supreme Court on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That clearly alarms tax experts, including Callas, who served as Speaker Ryan’s chief tax counsel when the bill was negotiated and passed. He notes that at the request of the Chamber of Commerce and other stakeholders, House Republicans made many specific changes to the bill, but there was “no discussion” of any “constitutional vulnerability.” It was “purely a discussion of how to design the policy appropriately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Callas caustically observes, for the chamber and other stakeholders years later “to discover constitutional concerns that they didn’t raise before” strikes me as “opportunistic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lincoln-Douglas this was not — though either man would likely eagerly embrace even being mentioned in the same sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a political debate Thursday night in Georgia, but not between two presidential candidates. Instead, it was between one governor and presidential candidate and another governor, who some think might be one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one side, there was Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, who is of course running for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination, and California Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sure looked like a presidential debate. There were two politicians at lecterns, a moderator and even a whole set made to look like one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was a product of TV, specifically of Fox News and host Sean Hannity. Newsom gained attention some months ago for a peppy interview with Hannity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannity seemed to enjoy the back and forth, and the duo formed an unlikely \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-11-26/fox-news-host-sean-hannity-newsom-desantis-debate\">cable bromance\u003c/a>. Soon after, when DeSantis looked like the principal alternative to former President Trump, Hannity invited DeSantis to take part in a “debate” with Newsom — and he agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so this event was birthed. What did we learn?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Newsom again stressed he’s not running — at least right now anyway\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California governor hasn’t been shy about making a case for a left-of-center vision for the country. His pearly whites and Pat Riley hair haven’t seemed to meet a camera they haven’t liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has led to speculation that Newsom is really running a shadow campaign, waiting in the wings in case President Biden doesn’t actually run for reelection — despite the fact that Biden is already doing exactly that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘There are profound differences tonight, and I’m happy to engage them. … but one thing we do have in common is neither of us will be the nominee of our party in 2024.’[/pullquote]Newsom tried to dismiss — again — that notion early and often in Thursday night’s debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are profound differences tonight, and I’m happy to engage them,” Newsom said, “but one thing we do have in common is neither of us will be the nominee of our party in 2024.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he’s done in all of his other public events and interviews this year, Newsom defended Biden, but some — even in his own party — still don’t buy the loyal surrogate act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are two additional Democrats running for … president right now,” Pennsylvania Sen. John Fetterman, a Democrat, said earlier this month — ironically from the early caucus state of Iowa. “One is a congressman from Minnesota, the other one is the governor of California, but only one has the guts to announce it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressman from Minnesota being Rep. Dean Phillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I appreciate and respect the work the president is doing,” Newsom said during the debate, adding, “I don’t know how many times I can say it. They’re just making this stuff up about a shadow campaign.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is that Newsom has thrust himself into the conversation for the presidency. If he’s not angling to run this cycle, as he says, he certainly appears to be doing so for 2028 — when the country is set to be clear of Trump and Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Because DeSantis is actually running, the stakes were higher for him\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Time is running out for DeSantis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s \u003ca href=\"https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-primary-r/2024/iowa/\">trailing Trump by a lot\u003c/a>, there are just 44 days until the Iowa caucuses, and DeSantis needs a strong showing there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear he did enough with this appearance to help himself close the gap, though his team was happy with his performance and cited dozens of conservative commentators who praised him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11968684 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23323001633086_slide-510bf50146135186a44d36dc714b53c53b7906f2-1020x680.jpg']DeSantis’ task was made tougher, though, because Newsom didn’t just want to have a debate on which of theirs is a better-governing philosophy, but also seemed intent on trying to tank DeSantis’ campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe Biden will be our nominee in a matter of weeks,” Newsom said, “and in a matter of weeks, Sean, he’ll be endorsing Donald Trump as the nominee for the Republican Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another point, this: “When are you going to drop out and at least give Nikki Haley a shot to take down Donald Trump in his nomination? She laid you out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom clearly seemed to be trying to get under DeSantis’ skin — and he appeared to do so at times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, as both men were talking over each other and the volume got louder, Newsom played his best Joe Cool, threw his hands open, turned to DeSantis and said with a smile, “Hey, Ron, relax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"edTag\">It’s tough to debate a man with nothing to lose, but DeSantis tried.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aside from the jabs, DeSantis went after Newsom on his record as California governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was a friendly environment for DeSantis to do so. The topics seemed to benefit his point of view, not unexpectedly, considering the platform. They ranged from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"edTag\">\n\u003cli>why people are moving out of California,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>taxes,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>immigration,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>violent crime,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>parental rights in schools,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>whether Newsom believed in any restrictions on abortion,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>whether Biden is in “cognitive decline,”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>if Newsom would step in as the nominee if asked at the Democratic convention next year,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>why gas prices are so high in California and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>homelessness.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You get the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that wind at his back and on a conservative platform, DeSantis was more than happy to contrast his state with Newsom’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “California liberal” reputation is going to be a hurdle for Newsom if he does decide to run at some point. And DeSantis got in a dig — with some family ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis\"]‘He’s lying to you about all these facts and figures. … throwing stuff out to see what sticks to the wall. This is a slippery, slick politician.’[/pullquote]“I was talking to a fella who had made the move from California to Florida,” DeSantis said before setting up his punch line. “He was telling me that Florida’s much better governed, safer, better budget, lower taxes, then he paused and said, ‘By the way, I’m Gavin Newsom’s father-in-law.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s father-in-law, Kenneth F. Siebel Jr., is an investment manager and longtime GOP donor, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.foxnews.com/politics/gavin-newsoms-in-laws-fled-california-florida-during-pandemic-records-show\">Fox News report\u003c/a>. A family trust \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Newsoms-in-laws-gave-money-to-Ron-DeSantis-17413294.php\">gave money\u003c/a> to a pro-DeSantis PAC last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis stressed that Biden, whom he wants to take on in next year’s general election, wants to replicate the California model for the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Newsom was quick to counter, charging that Florida’s tax system hurts working people, that DeSantis bullies the marginalized and that women’s reproductive rights are under assault because of Florida’s six-week abortion ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s lying to you about all these facts and figures,” DeSantis charged, “throwing stuff out to see what sticks to the wall. This is a slippery, slick politician.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis also provocatively went after Newsom on the debate about books in schools and, as he called it, the uncleanliness of California’s cities. He brought on stage with him and displayed for the cameras, what appeared to be a page from a graphic novel — with partially blacked-out images showing sexual acts — that he claimed is in California schools, as well as a map of, well, poop that he said is from an app depicting parts of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">If you liked one or the other coming in — or didn’t like one or the other — you probably didn’t have your mind changed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There couldn’t be two more ideologically opposite philosophies on how to govern than DeSantis’ Florida and Newsom’s California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a conservative, you likely hold up California as everything that’s wrong with America — as outlined in the topics presented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re left of center, you likely see DeSantis and his governance as abhorrent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That probably didn’t change if you watched this debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, neither man may be elected president in 2024, but this could be a preview of the next presidential cycle when the country is past Trump and Biden, and there is the chance for an American political rebirth when candidates will have to debate — on an actual presidential debate stage — their starkly different for their visions of America in a clash of governing ideologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lincoln-Douglas this was not — though either man would likely eagerly embrace even being mentioned in the same sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a political debate Thursday night in Georgia, but not between two presidential candidates. Instead, it was between one governor and presidential candidate and another governor, who some think might be one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one side, there was Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, who is of course running for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination, and California Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sure looked like a presidential debate. There were two politicians at lecterns, a moderator and even a whole set made to look like one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this was a product of TV, specifically of Fox News and host Sean Hannity. Newsom gained attention some months ago for a peppy interview with Hannity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannity seemed to enjoy the back and forth, and the duo formed an unlikely \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/business/story/2023-11-26/fox-news-host-sean-hannity-newsom-desantis-debate\">cable bromance\u003c/a>. Soon after, when DeSantis looked like the principal alternative to former President Trump, Hannity invited DeSantis to take part in a “debate” with Newsom — and he agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so this event was birthed. What did we learn?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Newsom again stressed he’s not running — at least right now anyway\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California governor hasn’t been shy about making a case for a left-of-center vision for the country. His pearly whites and Pat Riley hair haven’t seemed to meet a camera they haven’t liked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has led to speculation that Newsom is really running a shadow campaign, waiting in the wings in case President Biden doesn’t actually run for reelection — despite the fact that Biden is already doing exactly that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom tried to dismiss — again — that notion early and often in Thursday night’s debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are profound differences tonight, and I’m happy to engage them,” Newsom said, “but one thing we do have in common is neither of us will be the nominee of our party in 2024.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he’s done in all of his other public events and interviews this year, Newsom defended Biden, but some — even in his own party — still don’t buy the loyal surrogate act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are two additional Democrats running for … president right now,” Pennsylvania Sen. John Fetterman, a Democrat, said earlier this month — ironically from the early caucus state of Iowa. “One is a congressman from Minnesota, the other one is the governor of California, but only one has the guts to announce it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressman from Minnesota being Rep. Dean Phillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I appreciate and respect the work the president is doing,” Newsom said during the debate, adding, “I don’t know how many times I can say it. They’re just making this stuff up about a shadow campaign.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality is that Newsom has thrust himself into the conversation for the presidency. If he’s not angling to run this cycle, as he says, he certainly appears to be doing so for 2028 — when the country is set to be clear of Trump and Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Because DeSantis is actually running, the stakes were higher for him\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Time is running out for DeSantis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s \u003ca href=\"https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-primary-r/2024/iowa/\">trailing Trump by a lot\u003c/a>, there are just 44 days until the Iowa caucuses, and DeSantis needs a strong showing there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear he did enough with this appearance to help himself close the gap, though his team was happy with his performance and cited dozens of conservative commentators who praised him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>DeSantis’ task was made tougher, though, because Newsom didn’t just want to have a debate on which of theirs is a better-governing philosophy, but also seemed intent on trying to tank DeSantis’ campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Joe Biden will be our nominee in a matter of weeks,” Newsom said, “and in a matter of weeks, Sean, he’ll be endorsing Donald Trump as the nominee for the Republican Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another point, this: “When are you going to drop out and at least give Nikki Haley a shot to take down Donald Trump in his nomination? She laid you out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom clearly seemed to be trying to get under DeSantis’ skin — and he appeared to do so at times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, as both men were talking over each other and the volume got louder, Newsom played his best Joe Cool, threw his hands open, turned to DeSantis and said with a smile, “Hey, Ron, relax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 class=\"edTag\">It’s tough to debate a man with nothing to lose, but DeSantis tried.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aside from the jabs, DeSantis went after Newsom on his record as California governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was a friendly environment for DeSantis to do so. The topics seemed to benefit his point of view, not unexpectedly, considering the platform. They ranged from:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"edTag\">\n\u003cli>why people are moving out of California,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>taxes,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>immigration,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>violent crime,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>parental rights in schools,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>whether Newsom believed in any restrictions on abortion,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>whether Biden is in “cognitive decline,”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>if Newsom would step in as the nominee if asked at the Democratic convention next year,\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>why gas prices are so high in California and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>homelessness.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You get the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With that wind at his back and on a conservative platform, DeSantis was more than happy to contrast his state with Newsom’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “California liberal” reputation is going to be a hurdle for Newsom if he does decide to run at some point. And DeSantis got in a dig — with some family ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I was talking to a fella who had made the move from California to Florida,” DeSantis said before setting up his punch line. “He was telling me that Florida’s much better governed, safer, better budget, lower taxes, then he paused and said, ‘By the way, I’m Gavin Newsom’s father-in-law.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s father-in-law, Kenneth F. Siebel Jr., is an investment manager and longtime GOP donor, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.foxnews.com/politics/gavin-newsoms-in-laws-fled-california-florida-during-pandemic-records-show\">Fox News report\u003c/a>. A family trust \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Newsoms-in-laws-gave-money-to-Ron-DeSantis-17413294.php\">gave money\u003c/a> to a pro-DeSantis PAC last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis stressed that Biden, whom he wants to take on in next year’s general election, wants to replicate the California model for the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Newsom was quick to counter, charging that Florida’s tax system hurts working people, that DeSantis bullies the marginalized and that women’s reproductive rights are under assault because of Florida’s six-week abortion ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s lying to you about all these facts and figures,” DeSantis charged, “throwing stuff out to see what sticks to the wall. This is a slippery, slick politician.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSantis also provocatively went after Newsom on the debate about books in schools and, as he called it, the uncleanliness of California’s cities. He brought on stage with him and displayed for the cameras, what appeared to be a page from a graphic novel — with partially blacked-out images showing sexual acts — that he claimed is in California schools, as well as a map of, well, poop that he said is from an app depicting parts of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">If you liked one or the other coming in — or didn’t like one or the other — you probably didn’t have your mind changed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There couldn’t be two more ideologically opposite philosophies on how to govern than DeSantis’ Florida and Newsom’s California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a conservative, you likely hold up California as everything that’s wrong with America — as outlined in the topics presented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re left of center, you likely see DeSantis and his governance as abhorrent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That probably didn’t change if you watched this debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, neither man may be elected president in 2024, but this could be a preview of the next presidential cycle when the country is past Trump and Biden, and there is the chance for an American political rebirth when candidates will have to debate — on an actual presidential debate stage — their starkly different for their visions of America in a clash of governing ideologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom is not currently running for president. But that’s not stopping him from facing off in a debate Thursday evening with a governor who is waging a 2024 presidential campaign: Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the culmination of a long-standing feud between the two men. With the debate airing in primetime at 9 p.m. EST on Fox News Channel, it will give them both a platform to appear presidential, even though Newsom has sworn, again and again, that he’s simply out there helping Democrats keep the White House for President Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A supporting role that could turn into a leading act\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But in recent months, Newsom has repeatedly made forays into both national and foreign affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, he traveled to both Israel and China to meet with top leaders. This spring, Newsom took his family on a tour of Southern red states. He’s also run TV ads in Florida and Washington, D.C., attacking Florida’s new abortion law, which would ban abortions after six weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in September, he showed up in the spin room at the GOP presidential debate in Simi Valley, California to spar with Sean Hannity on Hannity’s Fox News show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Salena Zito, national political reporter, Washington Examiner\"]‘Both men are the future of their parties. Both men run prosperous, successful states. … They could both walk out of this and both gain support.’[/pullquote]“He’s become the face of the loyal opposition,” said Democratic political strategist Dane Strother, who works on races across the country. “When he went to the Republican debate, he was, in essence, the Democratic response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strother is an outspoken fan of Newsom who predicts that the California governor “will be president. The only question is when.” He said at this point, it’s all an upside for Newsom as he travels around being one of Biden’s top surrogates and positioning himself for an eventual run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like getting in the right place for a rebound on a basketball court. You’re just waiting for the ball to come. You’re getting in the right place,” Strother said. “You know, does that get under the skin of the Biden people? I don’t think so because Gavin has been so overboard in support of the president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s enthusiastic support for Biden does seem to know no bounds. Again and again, he demurs when asked about his own White House ambitions, like when he appeared on Chris Cuomo’s News Nation show in September and was pressed on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have deep respect, reverence for Joe Biden as a person — his character, his decency, and his capacity to do great things,” Newsom said. “That’s why I am not worthy of that conversation. This guy deserves it and we, as members of his party, deserve to have his back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Newsom could help Biden with progressive voters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those close to Newsom say that the governor is in constant contact with Biden’s inner circle and has sought the president’s blessing before undertaking high-profile events, like the China trip. But Newsom’s youth (he’s 56, to Biden’s 81) has raised some questions about whether his visibility could draw a negative contrast with the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Swanson, a political consultant in California, said while Newsom clearly is taking the steps to prepare for an eventual White House run, she doesn’t think the president’s campaign is worried about Newsom eclipsing Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, Swanson thinks the Biden campaign likely sees him as an asset who can speak directly to a certain type of voter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president has to appeal to a pretty broad audience,” she said. “And at the moment, Governor Newsom brings you … a state of almost 40 million people. And he can talk about really progressive policies that President Biden might not be able to talk about right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thad Kousser, a political science professor at UC San Diego, agreed, noting that Newsom has made himself a spokesman for progressive values, from abortion access to LGBTQ rights. That’s particularly important, he said, since some data and polls are showing that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/14/1199336114/for-young-americans-politics-breaks-the-american-dream-instead-of-building-it\">Biden is weaker with young voters\u003c/a> and voters of color who may be more excited by a more unabashedly liberal message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what a proxy does for you, right? A proxy can rally the base and energize your base without worrying about turning off the middle,” Kousser said. “His base is not yet — is not excited and solidly behind him. And so Joe Biden will welcome anything that keeps progressives, younger voters in the fold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swanson also pointed out that Biden knows what it’s like to be a surrogate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gavin Newsom has to walk the line of running a shadow campaign while being President Biden’s biggest cheerleader. And the funny thing is if anyone understands that and all of the politics behind that, it’s Joe Biden. That was a man who waited in the wings for a very long time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Republican side, DeSantis is also positioning himself as the standard bearer of conservative values — the mirror image of Newsom on issues like abortion and LGBTQ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means at this matchup — unlike most presidential debates — both could come out as winners, said Salena Zito, a national political reporter at the conservative Washington Examiner and columnist at the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s smart for both Newsom and DeSantis to do this debate. It’s in the spirit of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,” she said, which took place when both men were competing not for the presidency but for the U.S. Senate. “Both men are the future of their parties. Both men run prosperous, successful states. … They could both walk out of this and both gain support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zito believes Newsom is playing a long game by continually showing up on Fox News and in red and purple states. That could lead to some swing voters considering him — whenever he’s on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A good politician goes there. In other words, they show up, and they show up in places where you least expect them to show up,” she said. “There are going to be people that look at that and say, you know what? I appreciate that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Debating+Ron+DeSantis+could+benefit+Gavin+Newsom%27s+political+ambitions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom is not currently running for president. But that’s not stopping him from facing off in a debate Thursday evening with a governor who is waging a 2024 presidential campaign: Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the culmination of a long-standing feud between the two men. With the debate airing in primetime at 9 p.m. EST on Fox News Channel, it will give them both a platform to appear presidential, even though Newsom has sworn, again and again, that he’s simply out there helping Democrats keep the White House for President Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A supporting role that could turn into a leading act\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But in recent months, Newsom has repeatedly made forays into both national and foreign affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, he traveled to both Israel and China to meet with top leaders. This spring, Newsom took his family on a tour of Southern red states. He’s also run TV ads in Florida and Washington, D.C., attacking Florida’s new abortion law, which would ban abortions after six weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in September, he showed up in the spin room at the GOP presidential debate in Simi Valley, California to spar with Sean Hannity on Hannity’s Fox News show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He’s become the face of the loyal opposition,” said Democratic political strategist Dane Strother, who works on races across the country. “When he went to the Republican debate, he was, in essence, the Democratic response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strother is an outspoken fan of Newsom who predicts that the California governor “will be president. The only question is when.” He said at this point, it’s all an upside for Newsom as he travels around being one of Biden’s top surrogates and positioning himself for an eventual run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like getting in the right place for a rebound on a basketball court. You’re just waiting for the ball to come. You’re getting in the right place,” Strother said. “You know, does that get under the skin of the Biden people? I don’t think so because Gavin has been so overboard in support of the president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s enthusiastic support for Biden does seem to know no bounds. Again and again, he demurs when asked about his own White House ambitions, like when he appeared on Chris Cuomo’s News Nation show in September and was pressed on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have deep respect, reverence for Joe Biden as a person — his character, his decency, and his capacity to do great things,” Newsom said. “That’s why I am not worthy of that conversation. This guy deserves it and we, as members of his party, deserve to have his back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Newsom could help Biden with progressive voters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those close to Newsom say that the governor is in constant contact with Biden’s inner circle and has sought the president’s blessing before undertaking high-profile events, like the China trip. But Newsom’s youth (he’s 56, to Biden’s 81) has raised some questions about whether his visibility could draw a negative contrast with the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Swanson, a political consultant in California, said while Newsom clearly is taking the steps to prepare for an eventual White House run, she doesn’t think the president’s campaign is worried about Newsom eclipsing Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, Swanson thinks the Biden campaign likely sees him as an asset who can speak directly to a certain type of voter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president has to appeal to a pretty broad audience,” she said. “And at the moment, Governor Newsom brings you … a state of almost 40 million people. And he can talk about really progressive policies that President Biden might not be able to talk about right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thad Kousser, a political science professor at UC San Diego, agreed, noting that Newsom has made himself a spokesman for progressive values, from abortion access to LGBTQ rights. That’s particularly important, he said, since some data and polls are showing that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/14/1199336114/for-young-americans-politics-breaks-the-american-dream-instead-of-building-it\">Biden is weaker with young voters\u003c/a> and voters of color who may be more excited by a more unabashedly liberal message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what a proxy does for you, right? A proxy can rally the base and energize your base without worrying about turning off the middle,” Kousser said. “His base is not yet — is not excited and solidly behind him. And so Joe Biden will welcome anything that keeps progressives, younger voters in the fold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swanson also pointed out that Biden knows what it’s like to be a surrogate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gavin Newsom has to walk the line of running a shadow campaign while being President Biden’s biggest cheerleader. And the funny thing is if anyone understands that and all of the politics behind that, it’s Joe Biden. That was a man who waited in the wings for a very long time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Republican side, DeSantis is also positioning himself as the standard bearer of conservative values — the mirror image of Newsom on issues like abortion and LGBTQ rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means at this matchup — unlike most presidential debates — both could come out as winners, said Salena Zito, a national political reporter at the conservative Washington Examiner and columnist at the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s smart for both Newsom and DeSantis to do this debate. It’s in the spirit of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,” she said, which took place when both men were competing not for the presidency but for the U.S. Senate. “Both men are the future of their parties. Both men run prosperous, successful states. … They could both walk out of this and both gain support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zito believes Newsom is playing a long game by continually showing up on Fox News and in red and purple states. That could lead to some swing voters considering him — whenever he’s on the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "climate-funding-is-in-short-supply-some-want-to-rework-the-financial-system",
"title": "With Climate Funding in Short Supply, Some Are Pushing to Change the Global Financing Process",
"publishDate": 1701288042,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "With Climate Funding in Short Supply, Some Are Pushing to Change the Global Financing Process | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 253,
"site": "news"
},
"content": "\u003cp>Money is one of the biggest obstacles to dealing with climate change — especially in poor countries hit hardest by disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not enough is being spent to cut the pollution that’s heating the planet or on things that could help people adapt to a hotter world, like flood defenses and infrastructure that’s built for more extreme weather. As a result, developing countries, which bear little responsibility for fueling climate change, are at risk of suffering crippling \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">losses and damages\u003c/a> as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That funding shortfall, which has endured for years, will be at the heart of the United Nations climate negotiations that start this week in Dubai. As the United Arab Emirates prepared to host this year’s climate summit, known as COP28, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uae-embassy.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/July%20Embassy_One%20Page_COP28_07.20.2023.pdf\">it \u003c/a>said that “fixing climate finance” is a top priority. That includes making sure wealthy nations finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.cop28.com/en/news/2023/10/COP28-President-calls-for-improved-adaptation-finance-for-vulnerable-nations\">deliver on a long-standing but chronically unmet promise\u003c/a> to give $100 billion a year in climate financing to their poorer neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But talks are already underway to replace that pledge, which is more than a decade old and inadequate for the climate challenges that developing countries face, experts said. As the host of this year’s conference, the UAE will need to lay the groundwork for a \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/NCQG\">new funding target\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather this year has driven home the urgency of talks for greater funding. COP28 comes at the end of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/05/1203821716/earth-is-on-track-for-its-hottest-year-yet-according-to-a-european-climate-agenc\">what will almost certainly be the hottest year ever recorded\u003c/a> on Earth, and developing countries are in “immediate danger,” said Wanjira Mathai, managing director for Africa and global partnerships at the World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the pressure will be put on very significantly at COP28 for the finance to flow,” Mathai said. “Action has to be the focus going forward. And that action costs” money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11968526\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11968526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A smoke stack with smoke billowing out it, surrounded by wind turbines.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind turbines are seen near the open-cast mining and the coal-fired power station Neurath of German energy giant RWE in Garzweiler, western Germany, on March 15, 2021. On March 16, 2021, the group will present its detailed figures for 2020, for the last time with RWE CEO Rolf Martin Schmitz. Despite the coronavirus pandemic, 2020 was a successful year for RWE. \u003ccite>(na Fassbender/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Developing countries need a lot more money for climate change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Industrialized countries like the United States built their wealth by producing and using fossil fuels. The U.S. is by far the biggest historical contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that are heating the planet. Developing nations from Peru to the Philippines have contributed far less pollution, but they’re suffering disproportionate harm because of their smaller economies and geographic locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in 2009, industrialized countries set a goal to give developing nations $100 billion a year by 2020 to help them adapt to climate change. In 2015, countries extended the pledge to 2025. They also said they’d set a new goal that reflects the “needs and priorities of developing countries” before the old one expires. That is the new target that COP28 will help determine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/environment/growth-accelerated-in-the-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-in-2021-but-developed-countries-remain-short.htm\">latest assessment by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003c/a> (OECD) found developing nations received $89.6 billion from public and private sources in 2021, an increase of almost 8% from the year before, but still short of the $100 billion annual goal. The OECD said wealthy countries appear to have met the funding target in 2022, though the data is preliminary and unverified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent tallies show that what’s currently being spent on climate change is a fraction of what’s actually needed. A report \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/02/1210065704/climate-change-finance-adaptation-gap-developing-countries\">published recently by the U.N.\u003c/a> said developing countries need at least 10 times more money to adapt to the effects of human-driven climate change than what they’ve been getting. The OECD said developing countries will need around $2.4 trillion every year for climate investments between 2026 and 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of underinvestment is becoming clear. Severe flooding in Pakistan in the summer of 2022 that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/19/1123798981/climate-change-likely-helped-cause-deadly-pakistan-floods-scientists-find\">likely fueled by climate change\u003c/a> killed at least 1,700 people and \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/28/pakistan-flood-damages-and-economic-losses-over-usd-30-billion-and-reconstruction-needs-over-usd-16-billion-new-assessme\">caused more than $30 billion in damage and economic losses\u003c/a>. That’s more than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/02/1210065704/climate-change-finance-adaptation-gap-developing-countries\">$21.3 billion of public funding \u003c/a>that all developing countries combined received in 2021 to help them adapt to the impacts of global warming, according to the United Nations. Early this year, international donors \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/un-chief-calls-massive-investments-pakistan-recovery-2023-01-09/\">pledged more than $9 billion\u003c/a> to help Pakistan recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves developing nations in a bind. They need help, but whatever money is promised for the future is likely to fall short of what’s needed. And they’ll be relying on wealthier countries that failed to deliver in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That $100 billion is a very important symbol of trust” between wealthy countries and developing nations, “and so, of course, it’s important to keep that going” with a new goal that reflects the climate risks that poor countries face, said Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, assistant director of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Bhandary said efforts to boost climate finance have moved beyond national pledges from big historical polluters and are now focused instead on something even larger: overhauling the global financial system to better channel money to vulnerable nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11968528\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11968528 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holding two water containers wades through flood waters. \" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman wades through flood waters to get drinking water at Dera Allah Yar in Jaffarabad district of Balochistan province in Pakistan on Oct. 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Fida Hussain/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Attention shifts to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A lot of attention is focused on development organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Those institutions take funding from member countries and use it to raise more money from private investors. The institutions then lend those funds to developing countries at lower interest rates than they could typically get on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, calls have grown to make those organizations bigger — and better at getting more cheap money to countries that need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finance experts said there are signs that those institutions are starting to respond to the pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is a threat to global peace, security, economic stability, and development,” the heads of the World Bank and IMF said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/09/07/enhancing-imf-world-bank-collaboration\">joint statement in September\u003c/a>.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"climate-change\"]Officials from the World Bank and IMF said \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/09/07/enhancing-imf-world-bank-collaboration\">they are meeting regularly\u003c/a> to coordinate their climate programs. The World Bank has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/07/10/ceos-and-chairs-to-join-private-sector-investment-lab\">started working with corporate leaders\u003c/a> to figure out ways to increase private investment in emerging markets. And it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/10/13/statement-of-the-heads-of-multilateral-development-banks-group-strengthening-our-collaboration-for-greater-impact\">collaborating with multilateral development banks\u003c/a>, like the African Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank, to try to lend more money to developing countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it announced the bank collaboration in October, the World Bank said measures that had already been implemented or were under consideration could boost the banks’ lending ability by up to $400 billion over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is still just a portion of what is needed. A report commissioned recently by the Group of 20 nations said multilateral development banks \u003ca href=\"https://www.g20.org/content/dam/gtwenty/gtwenty_new/document/Strengthening-MDBs-The-Triple-Agenda_G20-IEG-Report-Volume.pdf\">need to help raise an additional $1.8 trillion per year\u003c/a> of climate investments in developing countries by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The finance needs are huge,” said Aki Kachi, a senior climate policy analyst at the NewClimate Institute, a German nonprofit that advocates for more aggressive action on climate change. “I mean, we’re talking about rebuilding, essentially, the whole global economic system, our energy systems, our transport systems, the way we heat our buildings, the way we cook, the way we farm, how we source our supplies — the natural resources — the transport logistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about changing a lot,” Kachi adds, “and that takes a lot of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cutting countries’ debt loads could help them boost their own climate investing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Easing countries’ foreign debt burdens is increasingly seen as a critical way to free up money that developing countries could use to prepare for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 50 countries are facing “severe debt problems,” said Lars Jensen, a senior economist with the U.N. Development Programme. That means those nations often forgo investments in areas like education, health care and climate action in order to continue repaying their overseas lenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11968530\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11968530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A Black man speaks into a bullhorn, with demonstrators behind him holding flags and a banner that says 'World Bank.'\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists hold placards during a demonstration against poverty and climate change during the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG), in Marrakesh on October 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Fadel Senna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nigeria is one of the countries under serious debt pressure. An \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/articles/fiscal-policy-options-for-growing-out-of-debt-evidence-from-nigeria/\">estimated 96% of government revenue\u003c/a> went to paying the interest on its loans in 2022. And the country faces “\u003ca href=\"https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/nigeria\">major challenges\u003c/a>” in meeting most of its \u003ca href=\"https://sdgs.un.org/goals\">goals for sustainable development\u003c/a>. Those goals include making cities and communities more resilient to extreme weather and ensuring people have access to clean and affordable energy. Nigeria was hit by intense rain and deadly flooding in 2022, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/climate-change-exacerbated-heavy-rainfall-leading-to-large-scale-flooding-in-highly-vulnerable-communities-in-west-africa/\">made worse by climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[These] debt troubles are really contributing to a severe development crisis — a systemic development crisis, if you want to call it that — in the Global South,” Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some countries simply borrowed too much money and spent it on things that didn’t help their economies, Jensen said many others are victims of factors outside their control such as swings in commodity prices, soaring interest rates and “natural disaster shocks” related to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often, they are hit by a disaster, they do still have to pay their old debt, and then a lot of the disaster help that comes to them is actually in the form of more loans,” which puts them deeper in debt, said Lara Merling, a senior research fellow at the Center for Economic and Policy Research. “That’s kind of the vicious cycle.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Lars Jensen, senior economist with the U.N. Development Programme\"]‘[These] debt troubles are really contributing to a severe development crisis — a systemic development crisis, if you want to call it that — in the Global South.’[/pullquote]Soon after floods swamped Pakistan last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.undp.org/publications/dfs-avoiding-too-little-too-late-international-debt-relief\">report in October 2022 from the U.N. Development Programme\u003c/a> listed the country as one of 54 developing economies that face serious debt problems. Later that month, Pakistan was approved for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.adb.org/news/1-5-billion-adb-financing-promote-social-protection-food-security-pakistan\">$1.5 billion loan\u003c/a> from the Asian Development Bank to improve food security and support employment in response to the floods and disruptions in global supply chains. That was quickly followed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-flood-assistance-package-pakistan\">another loan from the bank for $475 million\u003c/a> to help Pakistan pay for flood recovery and reconstruction. Less than a year after those loans were approved, Pakistan had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-imf-reach-staff-level-pact-release-stalled-funds-2023-06-30/\">get a bailout this summer from the IMF\u003c/a> to keep from defaulting on its debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vulnerable nations have been pushing for years to get debt relief when disaster hits. Grenada was able to secure a “\u003ca href=\"https://production-new-commonwealth-files.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/migrated/inline/Introducing%20Hurricance%20Clauses.PDF\">hurricane clause\u003c/a>” in its bonds as part of a debt restructuring in 2015. The provision \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/4917e73a-8305-11e9-b592-5fe435b57a3b\">allows the Caribbean country to temporarily stop paying lenders\u003c/a> if it is struck by a natural disaster. The idea has been catching on. The World Bank \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2023/06/22/comprehensive-toolkit-to-support-countries-after-natural-disasters\">announced a policy in June\u003c/a> to allow certain countries to pause debt repayments in the event of “crisis or catastrophe.” Countries should be able to “focus on meeting the urgent needs of their people instead of on loan repayments,” the World Bank said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merling called it the “bare minimum” that lenders can do. She said countries still don’t have good options to restructure their debts. So rather than default, Merling said many countries go for years spending much of their budget paying down debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenya \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/05/23/1177579336/a-dilemma-for-dozens-of-countries-fund-your-schools-and-hospitals-or-pay-your-de\">suspended salary payments to thousands of government workers\u003c/a> earlier in 2023 to keep from defaulting on its loans. An adviser to Kenyan President William Ruto said \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/11/kenya-presidency-rules-out-default-as-cash-crunch-delays-salaries\">defaulting would force the country into dragged-out restructuring\u003c/a> negotiations with lenders. In October, Ruto \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kenya-china-loans-economy-belt-road-debt-97e352532bf5db3bc40a7370116f4410\">sought $1 billion in loans from China\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We’ve] seen for those handful of countries that have defaulted and are negotiating, it’s taking years and years” to restructure their debts, Merling said. “And they’re still coming out on the other side with a huge percentage of their revenue dedicated to debt service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It “becomes sort of like a Ponzi scheme,” Merling adds. “Because you’re just borrowing more and more to just keep making interest payments on your previous debt and only really default when things are just impossible and you actually cannot pay anything anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruto and other African leaders recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/opinion/climate-change-africa-debt.html\">called for a global deal for debt relief\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11968532\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A line of people walking on a thin walkway through floodwaters. \" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>The UAE says climate finance for poor countries is a priority at this year’s U.N. talks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The challenge is trying to adjust how global financial systems and organizations operate when countries are already suffering the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very clear that it’s not changing fast enough,” said Kachi of the NewClimate Institute. “And we really need to accelerate that pace of change drastically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/06/29/pr23246-statement-imf-md-cop28-pres-designate-wb-pres-un-special-envoy-climate-action-finance\">statement issued in June\u003c/a> with the heads of the World Bank and the IMF, Sultan Al Jaber, president of this year’s U.N. climate summit in Dubai, expressed similar frustration. Climate finance “is nowhere near available enough, accessible enough and affordable enough — especially for countries in the Global South,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+funding+is+in+short+supply.+So+some+want+to+rework+the+financial+system&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Efforts to boost climate financing have moved beyond national pledges. Now, the focus is on overhauling organizations like the World Bank and providing countries with debt relief.",
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"title": "With Climate Funding in Short Supply, Some Are Pushing to Change the Global Financing Process | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Money is one of the biggest obstacles to dealing with climate change — especially in poor countries hit hardest by disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not enough is being spent to cut the pollution that’s heating the planet or on things that could help people adapt to a hotter world, like flood defenses and infrastructure that’s built for more extreme weather. As a result, developing countries, which bear little responsibility for fueling climate change, are at risk of suffering crippling \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1133270753/climate-change-loss-damage-cop27\">losses and damages\u003c/a> as temperatures rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That funding shortfall, which has endured for years, will be at the heart of the United Nations climate negotiations that start this week in Dubai. As the United Arab Emirates prepared to host this year’s climate summit, known as COP28, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uae-embassy.org/sites/default/files/2023-07/July%20Embassy_One%20Page_COP28_07.20.2023.pdf\">it \u003c/a>said that “fixing climate finance” is a top priority. That includes making sure wealthy nations finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.cop28.com/en/news/2023/10/COP28-President-calls-for-improved-adaptation-finance-for-vulnerable-nations\">deliver on a long-standing but chronically unmet promise\u003c/a> to give $100 billion a year in climate financing to their poorer neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But talks are already underway to replace that pledge, which is more than a decade old and inadequate for the climate challenges that developing countries face, experts said. As the host of this year’s conference, the UAE will need to lay the groundwork for a \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/NCQG\">new funding target\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather this year has driven home the urgency of talks for greater funding. COP28 comes at the end of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/05/1203821716/earth-is-on-track-for-its-hottest-year-yet-according-to-a-european-climate-agenc\">what will almost certainly be the hottest year ever recorded\u003c/a> on Earth, and developing countries are in “immediate danger,” said Wanjira Mathai, managing director for Africa and global partnerships at the World Resources Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the pressure will be put on very significantly at COP28 for the finance to flow,” Mathai said. “Action has to be the focus going forward. And that action costs” money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11968526\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11968526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A smoke stack with smoke billowing out it, surrounded by wind turbines.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1231733965_custom-7b2ef90794da65aabc1b14c933967c504b5bb557-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind turbines are seen near the open-cast mining and the coal-fired power station Neurath of German energy giant RWE in Garzweiler, western Germany, on March 15, 2021. On March 16, 2021, the group will present its detailed figures for 2020, for the last time with RWE CEO Rolf Martin Schmitz. Despite the coronavirus pandemic, 2020 was a successful year for RWE. \u003ccite>(na Fassbender/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Developing countries need a lot more money for climate change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Industrialized countries like the United States built their wealth by producing and using fossil fuels. The U.S. is by far the biggest historical contributor to greenhouse gas emissions that are heating the planet. Developing nations from Peru to the Philippines have contributed far less pollution, but they’re suffering disproportionate harm because of their smaller economies and geographic locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in 2009, industrialized countries set a goal to give developing nations $100 billion a year by 2020 to help them adapt to climate change. In 2015, countries extended the pledge to 2025. They also said they’d set a new goal that reflects the “needs and priorities of developing countries” before the old one expires. That is the new target that COP28 will help determine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.oecd.org/environment/growth-accelerated-in-the-climate-finance-provided-and-mobilised-in-2021-but-developed-countries-remain-short.htm\">latest assessment by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\u003c/a> (OECD) found developing nations received $89.6 billion from public and private sources in 2021, an increase of almost 8% from the year before, but still short of the $100 billion annual goal. The OECD said wealthy countries appear to have met the funding target in 2022, though the data is preliminary and unverified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent tallies show that what’s currently being spent on climate change is a fraction of what’s actually needed. A report \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/02/1210065704/climate-change-finance-adaptation-gap-developing-countries\">published recently by the U.N.\u003c/a> said developing countries need at least 10 times more money to adapt to the effects of human-driven climate change than what they’ve been getting. The OECD said developing countries will need around $2.4 trillion every year for climate investments between 2026 and 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of underinvestment is becoming clear. Severe flooding in Pakistan in the summer of 2022 that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/19/1123798981/climate-change-likely-helped-cause-deadly-pakistan-floods-scientists-find\">likely fueled by climate change\u003c/a> killed at least 1,700 people and \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/28/pakistan-flood-damages-and-economic-losses-over-usd-30-billion-and-reconstruction-needs-over-usd-16-billion-new-assessme\">caused more than $30 billion in damage and economic losses\u003c/a>. That’s more than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/02/1210065704/climate-change-finance-adaptation-gap-developing-countries\">$21.3 billion of public funding \u003c/a>that all developing countries combined received in 2021 to help them adapt to the impacts of global warming, according to the United Nations. Early this year, international donors \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/un-chief-calls-massive-investments-pakistan-recovery-2023-01-09/\">pledged more than $9 billion\u003c/a> to help Pakistan recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves developing nations in a bind. They need help, but whatever money is promised for the future is likely to fall short of what’s needed. And they’ll be relying on wealthier countries that failed to deliver in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That $100 billion is a very important symbol of trust” between wealthy countries and developing nations, “and so, of course, it’s important to keep that going” with a new goal that reflects the climate risks that poor countries face, said Rishikesh Ram Bhandary, assistant director of the Global Economic Governance Initiative at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Bhandary said efforts to boost climate finance have moved beyond national pledges from big historical polluters and are now focused instead on something even larger: overhauling the global financial system to better channel money to vulnerable nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11968528\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11968528 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holding two water containers wades through flood waters. \" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1243768013_custom-adf00878f577cd08028a3981954430c858578770-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman wades through flood waters to get drinking water at Dera Allah Yar in Jaffarabad district of Balochistan province in Pakistan on Oct. 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Fida Hussain/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Attention shifts to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A lot of attention is focused on development organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Those institutions take funding from member countries and use it to raise more money from private investors. The institutions then lend those funds to developing countries at lower interest rates than they could typically get on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past year, calls have grown to make those organizations bigger — and better at getting more cheap money to countries that need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finance experts said there are signs that those institutions are starting to respond to the pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is a threat to global peace, security, economic stability, and development,” the heads of the World Bank and IMF said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/09/07/enhancing-imf-world-bank-collaboration\">joint statement in September\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Officials from the World Bank and IMF said \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/09/07/enhancing-imf-world-bank-collaboration\">they are meeting regularly\u003c/a> to coordinate their climate programs. The World Bank has also \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2023/07/10/ceos-and-chairs-to-join-private-sector-investment-lab\">started working with corporate leaders\u003c/a> to figure out ways to increase private investment in emerging markets. And it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2023/10/13/statement-of-the-heads-of-multilateral-development-banks-group-strengthening-our-collaboration-for-greater-impact\">collaborating with multilateral development banks\u003c/a>, like the African Development Bank and the Asian Development Bank, to try to lend more money to developing countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it announced the bank collaboration in October, the World Bank said measures that had already been implemented or were under consideration could boost the banks’ lending ability by up to $400 billion over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is still just a portion of what is needed. A report commissioned recently by the Group of 20 nations said multilateral development banks \u003ca href=\"https://www.g20.org/content/dam/gtwenty/gtwenty_new/document/Strengthening-MDBs-The-Triple-Agenda_G20-IEG-Report-Volume.pdf\">need to help raise an additional $1.8 trillion per year\u003c/a> of climate investments in developing countries by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The finance needs are huge,” said Aki Kachi, a senior climate policy analyst at the NewClimate Institute, a German nonprofit that advocates for more aggressive action on climate change. “I mean, we’re talking about rebuilding, essentially, the whole global economic system, our energy systems, our transport systems, the way we heat our buildings, the way we cook, the way we farm, how we source our supplies — the natural resources — the transport logistics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about changing a lot,” Kachi adds, “and that takes a lot of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cutting countries’ debt loads could help them boost their own climate investing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Easing countries’ foreign debt burdens is increasingly seen as a critical way to free up money that developing countries could use to prepare for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 50 countries are facing “severe debt problems,” said Lars Jensen, a senior economist with the U.N. Development Programme. That means those nations often forgo investments in areas like education, health care and climate action in order to continue repaying their overseas lenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11968530\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11968530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A Black man speaks into a bullhorn, with demonstrators behind him holding flags and a banner that says 'World Bank.'\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/gettyimages-1722584497_custom-5db4939b55d2bebae9da986d0f89fea929eee1b5-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists hold placards during a demonstration against poverty and climate change during the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank Group (WBG), in Marrakesh on October 13, 2023. \u003ccite>(Fadel Senna/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nigeria is one of the countries under serious debt pressure. An \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/articles/fiscal-policy-options-for-growing-out-of-debt-evidence-from-nigeria/\">estimated 96% of government revenue\u003c/a> went to paying the interest on its loans in 2022. And the country faces “\u003ca href=\"https://dashboards.sdgindex.org/profiles/nigeria\">major challenges\u003c/a>” in meeting most of its \u003ca href=\"https://sdgs.un.org/goals\">goals for sustainable development\u003c/a>. Those goals include making cities and communities more resilient to extreme weather and ensuring people have access to clean and affordable energy. Nigeria was hit by intense rain and deadly flooding in 2022, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/climate-change-exacerbated-heavy-rainfall-leading-to-large-scale-flooding-in-highly-vulnerable-communities-in-west-africa/\">made worse by climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[These] debt troubles are really contributing to a severe development crisis — a systemic development crisis, if you want to call it that — in the Global South,” Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some countries simply borrowed too much money and spent it on things that didn’t help their economies, Jensen said many others are victims of factors outside their control such as swings in commodity prices, soaring interest rates and “natural disaster shocks” related to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often, they are hit by a disaster, they do still have to pay their old debt, and then a lot of the disaster help that comes to them is actually in the form of more loans,” which puts them deeper in debt, said Lara Merling, a senior research fellow at the Center for Economic and Policy Research. “That’s kind of the vicious cycle.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Soon after floods swamped Pakistan last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.undp.org/publications/dfs-avoiding-too-little-too-late-international-debt-relief\">report in October 2022 from the U.N. Development Programme\u003c/a> listed the country as one of 54 developing economies that face serious debt problems. Later that month, Pakistan was approved for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.adb.org/news/1-5-billion-adb-financing-promote-social-protection-food-security-pakistan\">$1.5 billion loan\u003c/a> from the Asian Development Bank to improve food security and support employment in response to the floods and disruptions in global supply chains. That was quickly followed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.adb.org/news/adb-approves-flood-assistance-package-pakistan\">another loan from the bank for $475 million\u003c/a> to help Pakistan pay for flood recovery and reconstruction. Less than a year after those loans were approved, Pakistan had to \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-imf-reach-staff-level-pact-release-stalled-funds-2023-06-30/\">get a bailout this summer from the IMF\u003c/a> to keep from defaulting on its debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vulnerable nations have been pushing for years to get debt relief when disaster hits. Grenada was able to secure a “\u003ca href=\"https://production-new-commonwealth-files.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/migrated/inline/Introducing%20Hurricance%20Clauses.PDF\">hurricane clause\u003c/a>” in its bonds as part of a debt restructuring in 2015. The provision \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/4917e73a-8305-11e9-b592-5fe435b57a3b\">allows the Caribbean country to temporarily stop paying lenders\u003c/a> if it is struck by a natural disaster. The idea has been catching on. The World Bank \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2023/06/22/comprehensive-toolkit-to-support-countries-after-natural-disasters\">announced a policy in June\u003c/a> to allow certain countries to pause debt repayments in the event of “crisis or catastrophe.” Countries should be able to “focus on meeting the urgent needs of their people instead of on loan repayments,” the World Bank said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Merling called it the “bare minimum” that lenders can do. She said countries still don’t have good options to restructure their debts. So rather than default, Merling said many countries go for years spending much of their budget paying down debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenya \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/05/23/1177579336/a-dilemma-for-dozens-of-countries-fund-your-schools-and-hospitals-or-pay-your-de\">suspended salary payments to thousands of government workers\u003c/a> earlier in 2023 to keep from defaulting on its loans. An adviser to Kenyan President William Ruto said \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/11/kenya-presidency-rules-out-default-as-cash-crunch-delays-salaries\">defaulting would force the country into dragged-out restructuring\u003c/a> negotiations with lenders. In October, Ruto \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/kenya-china-loans-economy-belt-road-debt-97e352532bf5db3bc40a7370116f4410\">sought $1 billion in loans from China\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We’ve] seen for those handful of countries that have defaulted and are negotiating, it’s taking years and years” to restructure their debts, Merling said. “And they’re still coming out on the other side with a huge percentage of their revenue dedicated to debt service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It “becomes sort of like a Ponzi scheme,” Merling adds. “Because you’re just borrowing more and more to just keep making interest payments on your previous debt and only really default when things are just impossible and you actually cannot pay anything anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruto and other African leaders recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/opinion/climate-change-africa-debt.html\">called for a global deal for debt relief\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11968532\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A line of people walking on a thin walkway through floodwaters. \" width=\"2560\" height=\"1705\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/11/ap23187339215473_custom-fa40eefc3fa6a8d8792c0c0ca9d9e556a9d511d6-1-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>The UAE says climate finance for poor countries is a priority at this year’s U.N. talks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The challenge is trying to adjust how global financial systems and organizations operate when countries are already suffering the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very clear that it’s not changing fast enough,” said Kachi of the NewClimate Institute. “And we really need to accelerate that pace of change drastically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2023/06/29/pr23246-statement-imf-md-cop28-pres-designate-wb-pres-un-special-envoy-climate-action-finance\">statement issued in June\u003c/a> with the heads of the World Bank and the IMF, Sultan Al Jaber, president of this year’s U.N. climate summit in Dubai, expressed similar frustration. Climate finance “is nowhere near available enough, accessible enough and affordable enough — especially for countries in the Global South,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+funding+is+in+short+supply.+So+some+want+to+rework+the+financial+system&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How OpenAI's Origins Explain the Sam Altman Drama",
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"headTitle": "How OpenAI’s Origins Explain the Sam Altman Drama | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>OpenAI’s board of directors’ abruptly firing CEO Sam Altman then bringing him back days later did not come out of nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/17/1213892587/chatgpt-open-ai-ceo-sam-altman-ousted\">boardroom drama\u003c/a> represented the boiling over of tensions that have long simmered under the surface of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following days of upheaval, Altman is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/1214621010/openai-reinstates-sam-altman-as-its-chief-executive\">again leading the company\u003c/a> and a newly-formed board of directors is charting the path ahead, but the chaos at OpenAI can be traced back to the unusual way the company was structured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenAI was founded in 2015 by Altman, Elon Musk and others as a nonprofit research lab. It was almost like an anti-Big Tech company; it would prioritize principles over profit. It wanted to, as OpenAI \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai\">put it\u003c/a> back then, develop AI tools that would “benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate financial return.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2018, two things happened: First, Musk quit the board of OpenAI after he said he invested $50 million, cutting the then-unknown company off from more of the entrepreneur’s crucial financial backing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And secondly, OpenAI’s leaders grew increasingly aware that developing and maintaining advanced artificial intelligence models required an immense amount of computing power, which was incredibly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Balancing ideals with the need for funding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year after Musk left, OpenAI created a for-profit arm. Technically, it is what’s known as a “capped profit” entity, which means investors’ possible profits are capped at a certain amount. Any remaining money is re-invested in the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the nonprofit’s board and mission still governed the company, creating two competing tribes within OpenAI: adherents to the serve-humanity-and-not-shareholders credo and those who subscribed to the more traditional Silicon Valley modus operandi of using investor money to release consumer products into the world as rapidly as possible in hopes of cornering a market and becoming an industry pacesetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altman, a 38-year-old techno-optimist who previously led the prestigious startup accelerator Y Combinator, tried to thread the needle between the two approaches. He struck something of a middle ground by unveiling new OpenAI tools gradually, first to smaller groups, then larger ones, to fine-tune and refine the tools before making them public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ChatGPT’s success attracts Big Tech money\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When OpenAI kicked off a seismic shift in the tech industry with its\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1143912956/chatgpt-ai-chatbot-homework-academia\"> launch of ChatGPT\u003c/a> last year, the company’s most prominent investor, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/02/1159895892/ai-microsoft-bing-chatbot\">Microsoft\u003c/a>, greatly increased its financial stake. It upped its commitment to OpenAI to the tune of $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft became the financial engine that powered OpenAI, but the nonprofit’s board of directors still called all the shots. Despite Microsoft’s sizable investment, it did not have a seat on OpenAI’s board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this set the stage for Altman’s sudden ouster from the company earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board itself has still not explained why it fired Altman — beyond saying, in vague terms, that it believed Altman had not been “consistently candid in his communications with the board.” And the company’s structure gives the board that right: it has complete, unchecked power to remove the CEO whenever it sees fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101891581,mindshift_62317 label='Chat GPT']Sources close to the discussions say before Altman’s termination, he had been at odds with members of the board over the hasty commercialization of OpenAI products. Board members worried whether Altman was considering the risks of AI products seriously enough, or just trying to maintain the company’s dominant position in the crowded and competitive world of generative AI development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dangers of powerful AI range from supercharging the spread of disinformation, massive job loss and human impersonation exploited by bad actors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question was: Did Altman abandon OpenAI’s founding principles to try to scale up the company and sign up customers as fast as possible? And, if so, did that make him unsuited to helm a nonprofit created to develop AI products “free from financial obligations”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever its reasoning, there was nothing Microsoft, or any company executive, could do when the board moved to jettison Altman. The dramatic gesture, and then reversal, illustrated the tension at the heart of OpenAI’s structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://gist.github.com/matthewlilley/96ad6208d39b14c7e133ac456680fd2d\">anonymous letter \u003c/a>written by former OpenAI employees during the Altman drama called on the board to examine whether Altman was putting commercial products and fundraising goals before the nonprofit’s founding mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We implore you, the Board of Directors, to remain steadfast in your commitment to OpenAI’s original mission and not succumb to the pressures of profit-driven interests,” the letter states. “The future of artificial intelligence and the well-being of humanity depend on your unwavering commitment to ethical leadership and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An uneasy resolution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>OpenAI’s board at first refused to entertain the possibility of Altman returning, but then something happened they could not ignore: 702 out of OpenAI’s 770 employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/11/20/technology/letter-to-the-open-ai-board.html\">committed to leaving\u003c/a> the company unless Altman was restored. The employees also asked that a new board be assembled. It was, and Altman was restored as CEO not long after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one former board member sits on the new, temporary board: Adam D’Angelo, the CEO of the question-and-answer site Quora. He had voted for Altman’s ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, who are familiar to Silicon Valley boards, have taken seats alongside him. They include Bret Taylor, a longtime Silicon Valley executive and former chairman of the board of Twitter, and former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11966824,news_11904502,news_11747046,news_11738391]As it stands, OpenAI’s \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/charter\">charter\u003c/a> says it is committed to the development of artificial general intelligence, also known as AGI, or a type of AI superintelligence that can outperform humans, that will not “harm humanity or unduly concentrate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But success in Silicon Valley almost always requires massive scale and the concentration of power — something that allowed OpenAI’s biggest funder, Microsoft, to become one of the most valuable companies in the world. It is hard to imagine Microsoft would invest $13 billion into a company believing it would not one day have an unmovable foothold in the sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the board’s current mission, developing AI systems should be undertaken with the main goal of benefiting all of humanity, with no regard to ever turning a profit for outside investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the for-profit entity of OpenAI will continue to recruit moneyed enthusiasts who want in on the AI goldrush. The two sides are at cross purposes, with no clear way to co-exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board is expected to grow and include a representative from Microsoft. Among the board’s tasks: taking a hard look at OpenAI’s structure. Does the hybrid model create too much friction? Or is there a way to forge ahead with a middle-of-the-road approach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>OpenAI’s board of directors’ abruptly firing CEO Sam Altman then bringing him back days later did not come out of nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/17/1213892587/chatgpt-open-ai-ceo-sam-altman-ousted\">boardroom drama\u003c/a> represented the boiling over of tensions that have long simmered under the surface of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following days of upheaval, Altman is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/22/1214621010/openai-reinstates-sam-altman-as-its-chief-executive\">again leading the company\u003c/a> and a newly-formed board of directors is charting the path ahead, but the chaos at OpenAI can be traced back to the unusual way the company was structured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OpenAI was founded in 2015 by Altman, Elon Musk and others as a nonprofit research lab. It was almost like an anti-Big Tech company; it would prioritize principles over profit. It wanted to, as OpenAI \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/blog/introducing-openai\">put it\u003c/a> back then, develop AI tools that would “benefit humanity as a whole, unconstrained by a need to generate financial return.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2018, two things happened: First, Musk quit the board of OpenAI after he said he invested $50 million, cutting the then-unknown company off from more of the entrepreneur’s crucial financial backing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And secondly, OpenAI’s leaders grew increasingly aware that developing and maintaining advanced artificial intelligence models required an immense amount of computing power, which was incredibly expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Balancing ideals with the need for funding\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year after Musk left, OpenAI created a for-profit arm. Technically, it is what’s known as a “capped profit” entity, which means investors’ possible profits are capped at a certain amount. Any remaining money is re-invested in the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the nonprofit’s board and mission still governed the company, creating two competing tribes within OpenAI: adherents to the serve-humanity-and-not-shareholders credo and those who subscribed to the more traditional Silicon Valley modus operandi of using investor money to release consumer products into the world as rapidly as possible in hopes of cornering a market and becoming an industry pacesetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altman, a 38-year-old techno-optimist who previously led the prestigious startup accelerator Y Combinator, tried to thread the needle between the two approaches. He struck something of a middle ground by unveiling new OpenAI tools gradually, first to smaller groups, then larger ones, to fine-tune and refine the tools before making them public.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ChatGPT’s success attracts Big Tech money\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When OpenAI kicked off a seismic shift in the tech industry with its\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1143912956/chatgpt-ai-chatbot-homework-academia\"> launch of ChatGPT\u003c/a> last year, the company’s most prominent investor, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/02/1159895892/ai-microsoft-bing-chatbot\">Microsoft\u003c/a>, greatly increased its financial stake. It upped its commitment to OpenAI to the tune of $13 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft became the financial engine that powered OpenAI, but the nonprofit’s board of directors still called all the shots. Despite Microsoft’s sizable investment, it did not have a seat on OpenAI’s board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this set the stage for Altman’s sudden ouster from the company earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board itself has still not explained why it fired Altman — beyond saying, in vague terms, that it believed Altman had not been “consistently candid in his communications with the board.” And the company’s structure gives the board that right: it has complete, unchecked power to remove the CEO whenever it sees fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Sources close to the discussions say before Altman’s termination, he had been at odds with members of the board over the hasty commercialization of OpenAI products. Board members worried whether Altman was considering the risks of AI products seriously enough, or just trying to maintain the company’s dominant position in the crowded and competitive world of generative AI development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dangers of powerful AI range from supercharging the spread of disinformation, massive job loss and human impersonation exploited by bad actors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question was: Did Altman abandon OpenAI’s founding principles to try to scale up the company and sign up customers as fast as possible? And, if so, did that make him unsuited to helm a nonprofit created to develop AI products “free from financial obligations”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever its reasoning, there was nothing Microsoft, or any company executive, could do when the board moved to jettison Altman. The dramatic gesture, and then reversal, illustrated the tension at the heart of OpenAI’s structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://gist.github.com/matthewlilley/96ad6208d39b14c7e133ac456680fd2d\">anonymous letter \u003c/a>written by former OpenAI employees during the Altman drama called on the board to examine whether Altman was putting commercial products and fundraising goals before the nonprofit’s founding mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We implore you, the Board of Directors, to remain steadfast in your commitment to OpenAI’s original mission and not succumb to the pressures of profit-driven interests,” the letter states. “The future of artificial intelligence and the well-being of humanity depend on your unwavering commitment to ethical leadership and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An uneasy resolution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>OpenAI’s board at first refused to entertain the possibility of Altman returning, but then something happened they could not ignore: 702 out of OpenAI’s 770 employees \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/11/20/technology/letter-to-the-open-ai-board.html\">committed to leaving\u003c/a> the company unless Altman was restored. The employees also asked that a new board be assembled. It was, and Altman was restored as CEO not long after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one former board member sits on the new, temporary board: Adam D’Angelo, the CEO of the question-and-answer site Quora. He had voted for Altman’s ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, who are familiar to Silicon Valley boards, have taken seats alongside him. They include Bret Taylor, a longtime Silicon Valley executive and former chairman of the board of Twitter, and former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As it stands, OpenAI’s \u003ca href=\"https://openai.com/charter\">charter\u003c/a> says it is committed to the development of artificial general intelligence, also known as AGI, or a type of AI superintelligence that can outperform humans, that will not “harm humanity or unduly concentrate power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But success in Silicon Valley almost always requires massive scale and the concentration of power — something that allowed OpenAI’s biggest funder, Microsoft, to become one of the most valuable companies in the world. It is hard to imagine Microsoft would invest $13 billion into a company believing it would not one day have an unmovable foothold in the sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the board’s current mission, developing AI systems should be undertaken with the main goal of benefiting all of humanity, with no regard to ever turning a profit for outside investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the for-profit entity of OpenAI will continue to recruit moneyed enthusiasts who want in on the AI goldrush. The two sides are at cross purposes, with no clear way to co-exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board is expected to grow and include a representative from Microsoft. Among the board’s tasks: taking a hard look at OpenAI’s structure. Does the hybrid model create too much friction? Or is there a way to forge ahead with a middle-of-the-road approach?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Super Bowl of shopping. The all-American consumption blitz. The best of capitalism — or the absolute worst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you love it or hate it, Black Friday is here again, taking over our ads and inboxes with loud proclamations of deals and discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And sure, you could argue that this old shopping standby is changing shape — no longer just a day but a whole long weekend with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/24/1138247732/come-for-the-free-cookies-stay-for-the-shopping\">Small Business Saturday\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/30/940170225/u-s-shoppers-might-spend-13-million-per-minute-during-cyber-monday-peak\">Cyber Monday\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/11/30/457881058/love-it-or-hate-it-givingtuesday-has-become-a-thing\">Giving Tuesday\u003c/a>. You could even call it Black November, with some seasonal sales having started days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re looking to put away your pocketbook entirely? Organized alternatives for the day of can feel scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, you’ve come to the right place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four trends for ditching the cart creatively, plus tips for joining in, if that’s your jam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Go for a hike\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re on Instagram, there’s a good chance you’ve already heard of \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/optoutside/?hl=en\">the #OptOutside movement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend started in 2015, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.rei.com/opt-outside?cm_mmc=aff_AL-_-40661-_-55097-_-NA&avad=55097_e34a6db6d\">REI\u003c/a>, the outdoor outfitting behemoth, announced it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcur.org/2015-10-27/rei-to-close-stores-on-black-friday\">shutting its doors\u003c/a> for Black Friday and paying its workers to go play in nature. [aside postID=science_1985496 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-534340452-1020x681.jpg']The bold move proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/24/566248418/the-optoutside-sales-pitch-go-outdoors-on-black-friday\">so good for PR\u003c/a> that the company has committed to making it an annual tradition. REI says that some \u003ca href=\"https://www.rei.com/blog/social/the-history-of-opt-outside\">700 organizations and 7 million people\u003c/a> have followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you, too, want to choose trails over aisles, start by checking out the websites of your local state and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/planyourvisit/fee-free-parks-state.htm\">national parks\u003c/a>. Some have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fox9.com/news/minnesota-state-parks-free-nov-24-2023\">started waiving fees\u003c/a> or offering \u003ca href=\"https://southcarolinaparks.com/park-news/black-friday-2023\">special events\u003c/a> for the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re heading out where the weather is cold, NPR’s Brian Mann offers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/24/566248418/the-optoutside-sales-pitch-go-outdoors-on-black-friday\">these safety tips\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Try ‘buy nothing’ groups\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You might remember “Buy Nothing Day” as an early aughts anti-consumerist stunt involving \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nsa7PShJKWg\">zombie costumes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://archive.nytimes.com/dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/22/a-fresh-advertising-pitch-buy-nothing/\">conga lines of empty shopping carts. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at its heart, Buy Nothing Day is just a boycott of Black Friday. Started by the group Adbusters, it was intended to be a 24-hour moratorium on purchases as a personal counter to unsustainable consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of why Buy Nothing Day failed to catch on was that it received a big backlash in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. National sentiment suggested that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1133719\">shopping could be an act of patriotism\u003c/a> — a way to boost the economy and beef up America’s stature in a burgeoning war against terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.adbusters.org/article/the-evolution-of-the-buy-nothing-meme\">Buy Nothing Day\u003c/a> still exists, but the more mainstream distillation of the idea endures in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/24/613270172/facebook-project-wants-you-to-buy-nothing-and-ask-for-what-you-need\">Buy Nothing Project\u003c/a>. Millions participate in the series of community-centered giveaway groups powered by \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2023/05/16/what-happened-to-the-buy-nothing-project/\">Facebook and, more recently, an app.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to break the buying trend, check out some options for meaningful gift-giving from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/14/1142750086/christmas-gift-giving-guide#:~:text=You%20can%20give%20meaningful%20holiday,have%20a%20date%20night%20out.\">NPR’s Life Kit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Celebrate Native American Heritage Month\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On some calendars, you may see Native American Heritage Day listed for the Friday after Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day was formally made into \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/110/hjres62/text\">a U.S. civil holiday in 2008\u003c/a>, conceived as a way to pay tribute to tribes and their contributions to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some Native Americans have \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/11/20/native-american-heritage-day\">criticized the holiday’s timing\u003c/a>, saying it was picked in poor taste. [aside postID=science_1985049 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-460036505-1038x576.jpg']For one, the holiday comes straight after Thanksgiving, which some Native Americans call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/25/us/national-day-of-mourning-race-deconstructed-newsletter/index.html\">National Day of Mourning\u003c/a> for its longstanding connection to colonialism. European settlers killed 56 million indigenous people across South, Central and North America in about 100 years, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2019/feb/great-dying-americas-disturbed-earths-climate\">the University College London\u003c/a> estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, the holiday is shared with Black Friday, which some view as celebrating capitalistic greed and gluttony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, U.S. presidents have issued proclamations to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/11/1044823626/indigenous-peoples-day-native-americans-columbus\">observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day \u003c/a>on Columbus Day, the federal holiday that falls in October and celebrates the voyage of Christopher Columbus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the month of November is still set aside as \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/31/a-proclamation-on-national-native-american-heritage-month-2023/\">Native American Heritage Month. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no set rules for observing the time, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.firstnations.org/news/how-to-celebrate-native-american-heritage-month/\">some Native American groups\u003c/a> suggest making space for reflection, recognition and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might start by \u003ca href=\"https://native-land.ca/\">looking up\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/15/1160204144/indigenous-land-acknowledgments\">formally acknowledging\u003c/a> which Indigenous lands you’re living on or visiting, then checking for local events or digging into books and podcasts. Check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/09/1204151646/up-first-briefing-indigenous-peoples-day-history-celebrate\">edition of NPR’s Up First newsletter\u003c/a> for a handy list of ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Learn something new\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the lure of a good deal is too much to give up, consider checking out your public library. As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/spotlight/black-friday-2022\">New York Public Library\u003c/a> likes to point out in an annual ad campaign, the inventory is literally free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’re not the only public institution that says brainy is the new black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA uses the day to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/black-hole-friday/\">share fun facts about black holes\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://whyy.org/articles/should-black-friday-be-renamed-museum-friday/\">Museums across the country\u003c/a> offer special events and discounted admission. And, of course, NPR will still be broadcasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/187046089/ways-to-listen-to-npr\">your local radio station\u003c/a> or tune into \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/187046089/ways-to-listen-to-npr\">the NPR app\u003c/a> to access the latest news and compelling stories — free on Friday, Saturday, Sunday … and every single day of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Go for a hike\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re on Instagram, there’s a good chance you’ve already heard of \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/optoutside/?hl=en\">the #OptOutside movement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend started in 2015, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.rei.com/opt-outside?cm_mmc=aff_AL-_-40661-_-55097-_-NA&avad=55097_e34a6db6d\">REI\u003c/a>, the outdoor outfitting behemoth, announced it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcur.org/2015-10-27/rei-to-close-stores-on-black-friday\">shutting its doors\u003c/a> for Black Friday and paying its workers to go play in nature. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The bold move proved \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/24/566248418/the-optoutside-sales-pitch-go-outdoors-on-black-friday\">so good for PR\u003c/a> that the company has committed to making it an annual tradition. REI says that some \u003ca href=\"https://www.rei.com/blog/social/the-history-of-opt-outside\">700 organizations and 7 million people\u003c/a> have followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you, too, want to choose trails over aisles, start by checking out the websites of your local state and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/planyourvisit/fee-free-parks-state.htm\">national parks\u003c/a>. Some have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fox9.com/news/minnesota-state-parks-free-nov-24-2023\">started waiving fees\u003c/a> or offering \u003ca href=\"https://southcarolinaparks.com/park-news/black-friday-2023\">special events\u003c/a> for the holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re heading out where the weather is cold, NPR’s Brian Mann offers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/24/566248418/the-optoutside-sales-pitch-go-outdoors-on-black-friday\">these safety tips\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Try ‘buy nothing’ groups\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You might remember “Buy Nothing Day” as an early aughts anti-consumerist stunt involving \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nsa7PShJKWg\">zombie costumes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://archive.nytimes.com/dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/22/a-fresh-advertising-pitch-buy-nothing/\">conga lines of empty shopping carts. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at its heart, Buy Nothing Day is just a boycott of Black Friday. Started by the group Adbusters, it was intended to be a 24-hour moratorium on purchases as a personal counter to unsustainable consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of why Buy Nothing Day failed to catch on was that it received a big backlash in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. National sentiment suggested that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1133719\">shopping could be an act of patriotism\u003c/a> — a way to boost the economy and beef up America’s stature in a burgeoning war against terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, \u003ca href=\"https://www.adbusters.org/article/the-evolution-of-the-buy-nothing-meme\">Buy Nothing Day\u003c/a> still exists, but the more mainstream distillation of the idea endures in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/24/613270172/facebook-project-wants-you-to-buy-nothing-and-ask-for-what-you-need\">Buy Nothing Project\u003c/a>. Millions participate in the series of community-centered giveaway groups powered by \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2023/05/16/what-happened-to-the-buy-nothing-project/\">Facebook and, more recently, an app.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to break the buying trend, check out some options for meaningful gift-giving from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/14/1142750086/christmas-gift-giving-guide#:~:text=You%20can%20give%20meaningful%20holiday,have%20a%20date%20night%20out.\">NPR’s Life Kit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Celebrate Native American Heritage Month\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On some calendars, you may see Native American Heritage Day listed for the Friday after Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day was formally made into \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/110/hjres62/text\">a U.S. civil holiday in 2008\u003c/a>, conceived as a way to pay tribute to tribes and their contributions to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some Native Americans have \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2017/11/20/native-american-heritage-day\">criticized the holiday’s timing\u003c/a>, saying it was picked in poor taste. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For one, the holiday comes straight after Thanksgiving, which some Native Americans call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/25/us/national-day-of-mourning-race-deconstructed-newsletter/index.html\">National Day of Mourning\u003c/a> for its longstanding connection to colonialism. European settlers killed 56 million indigenous people across South, Central and North America in about 100 years, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2019/feb/great-dying-americas-disturbed-earths-climate\">the University College London\u003c/a> estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, the holiday is shared with Black Friday, which some view as celebrating capitalistic greed and gluttony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, U.S. presidents have issued proclamations to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/10/11/1044823626/indigenous-peoples-day-native-americans-columbus\">observe Indigenous Peoples’ Day \u003c/a>on Columbus Day, the federal holiday that falls in October and celebrates the voyage of Christopher Columbus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the month of November is still set aside as \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/10/31/a-proclamation-on-national-native-american-heritage-month-2023/\">Native American Heritage Month. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no set rules for observing the time, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.firstnations.org/news/how-to-celebrate-native-american-heritage-month/\">some Native American groups\u003c/a> suggest making space for reflection, recognition and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might start by \u003ca href=\"https://native-land.ca/\">looking up\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/15/1160204144/indigenous-land-acknowledgments\">formally acknowledging\u003c/a> which Indigenous lands you’re living on or visiting, then checking for local events or digging into books and podcasts. Check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/09/1204151646/up-first-briefing-indigenous-peoples-day-history-celebrate\">edition of NPR’s Up First newsletter\u003c/a> for a handy list of ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Learn something new\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the lure of a good deal is too much to give up, consider checking out your public library. As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/spotlight/black-friday-2022\">New York Public Library\u003c/a> likes to point out in an annual ad campaign, the inventory is literally free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’re not the only public institution that says brainy is the new black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA uses the day to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/black-hole-friday/\">share fun facts about black holes\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://whyy.org/articles/should-black-friday-be-renamed-museum-friday/\">Museums across the country\u003c/a> offer special events and discounted admission. And, of course, NPR will still be broadcasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/187046089/ways-to-listen-to-npr\">your local radio station\u003c/a> or tune into \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/about-npr/187046089/ways-to-listen-to-npr\">the NPR app\u003c/a> to access the latest news and compelling stories — free on Friday, Saturday, Sunday … and every single day of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024",
"headTitle": "Native Voters, Sometimes Overlooked by Campaigns, Could Decide Major Contests in 2024 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Grassroots efforts to get Native American voters to turn in their ballots for the 2024 election are in motion across swing states as Democrats and Republicans are both vying for power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are predicted to be at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncai.org/about-tribes/demographics\">5 million Native and Alaska Native-identifying\u003c/a> voters in the U.S. in both rural and urban communities, according to the U.S. Census Bureau — although those estimates are expected to be an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins,” said Jacqueline De León, a senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund, adding that she sees the potential for Native voters to decide elections where the population of Native Americans is bigger than the vote differentials that decide those races.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jacqueline De León, senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund\"]‘Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins.’[/pullquote]There are some challenges ahead. Native voting activists have filed several lawsuits aimed at challenging laws and efforts that would limit access to voting for Indigenous people, De León said. These include laws that limit poll availability, identification card barriers and issues with mail-in ballots on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanging in the balance is control of the House, Senate and the Oval Office in 2024. In a country in which turnout can make or break campaigns, organizers said courting Native voters can dictate a candidate’s success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers argue Native voters are increasingly a coalition to watch, even if parties have not fully recognized them yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both political parties have been really negligent when it comes to the Native American vote,” De León said. “Often there is an unfamiliarity. There’s a fear of approaching Native communities that may seem unapproachable or there’s uncertainty over how to approach Native communities. And so there just hasn’t been an investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have been successful, advocates said, are those who use traditional organizing and voter mobilization tactics, especially among the rural Native coalitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural America broadly, but especially rural Indian country, still operates very importantly, on relationships, on handshakes. … And that’s how voters gain confidence, either in an individual running or a ballot initiative or any sort of change to policy or election requires that kind of investment in it,” said Ta’jin Perez, deputy director for Western Native Voice. “It takes energy, it takes time, it takes funding resources. But it’s worth it, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some states where Native voters could significantly impact the 2024 races for Congress, the Senate and the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alaska\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska is home to over 200 federally and non-federally recognized tribes, with American Indian and Alaskan Natives making up at least 22% of the state’s population. The communities have been credited with helping Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Democrat Rep. Mary Peltola\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/06/us/politics/indigenous-voters-influence.html\"> win their respective elections\u003c/a>, according to the Native American Rights Fund’s De León.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Native vote is expected to continue to be critically important to Alaska,” De León said, noting that the vote margins for both candidates showed turnout among these communities made a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Native American Rights Fund has pending litigation in Alaska, however, that alleges ballots coming from Alaska Native communities are rejected at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktoo.org/2022/08/25/civil-rights-groups-sue-state-over-ballots-rejected-in-alaskas-mail-in-primary/\">much higher rates than other communities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a flux of political power, we usually also see a corresponding backlash that makes attempts to make it more difficult to vote as well,” she explained of the legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arizona\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://statemuseum.arizona.edu/native-nations-arizona\">22 federally recognized \u003c/a>Native nations within Arizona’s state borders. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/AZ/PST045222\">U.S. Census estimates\u003c/a> that more than 6% of the state’s population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a swing state like Arizona, where only a few thousand votes can make the difference, voting advocates say political parties need to recognize Native voters’ power.[aside label=\"more 2024 election coverage\" tag=\"election-2024\"]“American Indian voters have arguably been the deciding factor in recent elections,” said Alexander Castillo-Nunez, civic engagement coordinator at the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. But he said some challenges still persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voter turnout on tribal lands in Arizona \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-flagstaff-arizona-voting-rights-fa452fbd546fa00535679d78ac40b890\">helped President Biden\u003c/a> secure a win in 2020, the first Democrat to win the state in more than two decades. Native Americans also turned out in large numbers during the 2022 midterms, according to Castillo-Nunez, helping Democratic Gov. Katie Hobbs secure a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polling locations can be up to 100 miles round trip for some voters, there are language barriers to overcome and organizers want to ensure poll workers are trained to recognize tribal identification cards. While he said some Native voters in Arizona tend to lean Democrat, many register later as independent and most want to see follow-through from elected officials beyond the campaign trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Michigan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Michigan flipped from Donald Trump to Biden in 2020. Native voting advocates said that Indigenous turnout is what \u003ca href=\"https://www.michiganradio.org/politics-government/2020-11-11/often-overlooked-native-american-voters-poised-to-become-powerful-voting-bloc-in-michigan\">helped strengthen Democratic strongholds\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://vote.narf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/obstacles_voter_impact_summary.pdf\">Native American Rights Fund argues\u003c/a> that with more than 100,000 Native people eligible to vote in the state, the population is four times the size of the margin of victory for Trump in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori McGeshick, the first Indigenous organizer for We the People Michigan Action Fund, has been working to connect Indigenous communities with politics. She sees outreach to Native communities as a continual work in progress, even for her organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times Indigenous peoples just don’t have the means to get out and vote, whether it be transportation or being able to get an ID, and then not to mention we’re also in a very rural area. So when people are expected to travel, it’s not like it’s just down the road,” McGeshick said, adding that she has done a lot of tabling at powwows and local grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are now starting to understand who their local representatives are, who their representatives are for the district or their congressional representatives. And it’s starting to engage more leaders in the community to be active,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Montana\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 2020 Census estimated that Montana’s Native population is more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/montana-population-change-between-census-decade.html\"> 1 million people\u003c/a>. Just over 9% of the state identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native. While Montana is considered a Republican stronghold for the presidential race, voters in the state will be facing a potential swing election in the race for the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incumbent Democratic \u003ca href=\"https://www.charkoosta.com/news/native-american-voters-heavily-influence-election-results/article_4d66ccc8-e852-11e8-8b79-5bac5470260c.html#:~:text=Native%20voter%20turnout%20was%20high%20and%20I%20am%20humbled%20by%20the%20support%20I%20received%20from%20Montana%E2%80%99s%20Native%20people%2C\">Sen. Jon Tester thanked Native voters\u003c/a> for helping him win in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last time Sen. Tester ran for the Senate, his election was secure because of the Native vote,” said Perez of Western Native Voice out of Billings, Montana. “On election night, before I went to bed and before all of the Native precincts started reporting fully, it looked like a loss for Tester. But by morning, after the Native precincts reported completely, the victory was Tester’s.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ta'jin Perez, deputy director of Western Native Voice\"]‘If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person. They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.’[/pullquote]“Western Native Voice, according to Perez, is already working on voter registration efforts — initiatives they usually don’t begin this far ahead of an election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Native voters in Montana] have the ability to really determine the balance of power in the Senate,” Perez said, adding that it is particularly impactful for those living on reservations where federal funding directly impacts the services available. But it is still not quite a shoo-in for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would go as far as to say that the Democratic Party assumed that there would be just robust automatic turnout for them. But there were some races [in 2022] that were closer than what was expected,” Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the key here is turnout and ensuring that candidates and parties make a direct connection with voters and inform them of upcoming elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person,” Perez said. “They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nevada\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The more than 62,000 Indigenous people living in Nevada, who generally account for 3.5% of the state’s population, have been credited with helping Democrats secure wins in recent elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that Native American voters in what is now the state of Nevada are voting in bigger numbers,” said Stacey Montooth, executive director of the Nevada Indian Commission, a state agency. “There are thousands and thousands of Native Americans who want to be involved in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montooth said that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c8455877e48f464abf9f8d85e6885065/US-judge-sides-with-Nevada-tribes-in-voting-rights-case\">as a result of lawsuits\u003c/a>, there are services in the state that make it easier for Indigenous voters to vote including laws requiring any voting services available to Nevadans generally be available on tribal land as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes such a huge difference when our elders don’t have to drive 90 miles to cast their ballot,” Montooth said. “They can go to their senior center or give their completed ballot to a tribal health care worker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Voting is Local, a voting rights group with a Nevada chapter, pointed to an increase in Native American turnout rates in 2020 compared to 2016 as a reason why mail-in ballot efforts from the pandemic should be expanded and made permanent. The\u003ca href=\"https://lasvegassun.com/news/2022/jan/01/expanded-mail-in-voting-laws-taking-effect-nevada/\"> measure was passed\u003c/a> ahead of the 2022 midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have more eligible voters than all but two counties in the state. … But when Indian Country in the Great Basin, when we galvanize, we have a lot of political clout,” Montooth said. “I always love to hear that Nevada is influential when it comes to national politics. But my heart is warmed because I know the original caretakers of this land — we have something to do with that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>North Carolina\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Around\u003ca href=\"https://www.osbm.nc.gov/blog/2021/11/10/native-american-population-sees-notable-increase-2020-census#:~:text=Statewide%2C%203%25%20of%20the%20population,state%20and%20county%20population%20data.\"> 3% of North Carolina’s population\u003c/a> identifies as Native American or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the Lumbee Tribe, which is state-recognized but,\u003ca href=\"https://ncadmin.nc.gov/divisions/american-indian-affairs/nc-tribes#:~:text=Lumbee%20Tribe%20of%20North%20Carolina,ninth%20largest%20in%20the%20nation.\"> unlike 574 tribes across the country, is not fully federally recognized\u003c/a>. The tribe, concentrated in the southeast portion of the North Carolina around Robeson County, has notably grown more conservative in recent presidential elections, voting Democrat until 2016, when it flipped for Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2022/08/23/american-indian-recognition-chinook-lumbee-00053331\">who supported its federal recognition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“North Carolina has a very active Native caucus that’s a very large Native electorate,” said Judith LeBlanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance, adding that while Indigenous voters could trend Democrat, they also will vote Republican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s campaign is already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/28/1178452256/biden-north-carolina-2024\">investing in the state\u003c/a> generally, three years after he lost it by just \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/929743730/north-carolina-live-election-results-2020\">under 75,000 votes\u003c/a>. Some say that the Democratic party took the Native vote for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1185826401/rural-voters-lean-red-young-voters-lean-blue-so-whats-a-young-rural-voter-to-do\">granted in the last election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eastern Band of Cherokees is the only federally recognized tribe within North Carolina. It has about 16,000 members. Although the district where the tribe is located is primarily Republican, tribal members have also been known to vote for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t ignore the Cherokee vote,” warned Wilson Pipestem, counsel to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. “Both parties need to reach out to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and let us know what you stand for. And we want to hear from you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wisconsin\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin is another key state that helped deliver Biden a win after voting for Trump in 2016. There, 2.5% of the population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin Native voters, like in other aforementioned states, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/articles/indigenous-affairs-how-indigenous-voters-swung-the-2020-election#:~:text=Wisconsin%2C%20a%20closely%20watched%20swing%20state%2C%20went%20narrowly%20for%20Biden%20by%C2%A0around%2020%2C500%20votes.\">are credited with helping deliver Biden a win in 2020 along tight margins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote, boasts increasing voter turnout across the 11 federally recognized tribes in the state and said she noticed an increased interest in the electoral process.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote\"]‘There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before.’[/pullquote]“There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before,” Sweet said. The pandemic, which overlapped with the 2020 presidential election, also offered new opportunities to connect with communities and get people involved with mask-making, phone banks and general check-ins while promoting voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers point to Wisconsin, as well as other Midwestern swing states like Michigan, as a place where political parties need to recognize urban Native voters in addition to rural voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweet noted most \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/american-indianalaska-native-health#:~:text=60%20percent%20of%20American%20Indians%20and%20Alaska%20Natives%20live%20in%20metropolitan%20areas%2C\">Natives live in urban communities nationally\u003c/a>. In Wisconsin, the majority are in Milwaukee. Historic barriers to voting, Sweet said, can keep Native voters out of the process regardless of where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can always improve when we’re looking at a population of folks who have a historic sense of indifference or reject the process of voting in the United States,” Sweet said. “So it’s really important for us to recognize the contemporary barriers to voting and to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+overlooked+by+campaigns%2C+Native+voters+could+decide+major+elections+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": " A voting bloc that hasn't gotten as much national attention, Native voters are an influential constituency in multiple swing states, making them a group to watch in 2024.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Grassroots efforts to get Native American voters to turn in their ballots for the 2024 election are in motion across swing states as Democrats and Republicans are both vying for power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are predicted to be at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncai.org/about-tribes/demographics\">5 million Native and Alaska Native-identifying\u003c/a> voters in the U.S. in both rural and urban communities, according to the U.S. Census Bureau — although those estimates are expected to be an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Native Americans are incredibly influential and have the ability to really swing those elections on the margins,” said Jacqueline De León, a senior staff attorney at the Native American Rights Fund, adding that she sees the potential for Native voters to decide elections where the population of Native Americans is bigger than the vote differentials that decide those races.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There are some challenges ahead. Native voting activists have filed several lawsuits aimed at challenging laws and efforts that would limit access to voting for Indigenous people, De León said. These include laws that limit poll availability, identification card barriers and issues with mail-in ballots on reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanging in the balance is control of the House, Senate and the Oval Office in 2024. In a country in which turnout can make or break campaigns, organizers said courting Native voters can dictate a candidate’s success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers argue Native voters are increasingly a coalition to watch, even if parties have not fully recognized them yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both political parties have been really negligent when it comes to the Native American vote,” De León said. “Often there is an unfamiliarity. There’s a fear of approaching Native communities that may seem unapproachable or there’s uncertainty over how to approach Native communities. And so there just hasn’t been an investment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who have been successful, advocates said, are those who use traditional organizing and voter mobilization tactics, especially among the rural Native coalitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural America broadly, but especially rural Indian country, still operates very importantly, on relationships, on handshakes. … And that’s how voters gain confidence, either in an individual running or a ballot initiative or any sort of change to policy or election requires that kind of investment in it,” said Ta’jin Perez, deputy director for Western Native Voice. “It takes energy, it takes time, it takes funding resources. But it’s worth it, frankly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some states where Native voters could significantly impact the 2024 races for Congress, the Senate and the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alaska\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alaska is home to over 200 federally and non-federally recognized tribes, with American Indian and Alaskan Natives making up at least 22% of the state’s population. The communities have been credited with helping Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowski and Democrat Rep. Mary Peltola\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/06/us/politics/indigenous-voters-influence.html\"> win their respective elections\u003c/a>, according to the Native American Rights Fund’s De León.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Native vote is expected to continue to be critically important to Alaska,” De León said, noting that the vote margins for both candidates showed turnout among these communities made a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Native American Rights Fund has pending litigation in Alaska, however, that alleges ballots coming from Alaska Native communities are rejected at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktoo.org/2022/08/25/civil-rights-groups-sue-state-over-ballots-rejected-in-alaskas-mail-in-primary/\">much higher rates than other communities\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have a flux of political power, we usually also see a corresponding backlash that makes attempts to make it more difficult to vote as well,” she explained of the legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arizona\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://statemuseum.arizona.edu/native-nations-arizona\">22 federally recognized \u003c/a>Native nations within Arizona’s state borders. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/AZ/PST045222\">U.S. Census estimates\u003c/a> that more than 6% of the state’s population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a swing state like Arizona, where only a few thousand votes can make the difference, voting advocates say political parties need to recognize Native voters’ power.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“American Indian voters have arguably been the deciding factor in recent elections,” said Alexander Castillo-Nunez, civic engagement coordinator at the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona. But he said some challenges still persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voter turnout on tribal lands in Arizona \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-flagstaff-arizona-voting-rights-fa452fbd546fa00535679d78ac40b890\">helped President Biden\u003c/a> secure a win in 2020, the first Democrat to win the state in more than two decades. Native Americans also turned out in large numbers during the 2022 midterms, according to Castillo-Nunez, helping Democratic Gov. Katie Hobbs secure a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polling locations can be up to 100 miles round trip for some voters, there are language barriers to overcome and organizers want to ensure poll workers are trained to recognize tribal identification cards. While he said some Native voters in Arizona tend to lean Democrat, many register later as independent and most want to see follow-through from elected officials beyond the campaign trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Michigan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Michigan flipped from Donald Trump to Biden in 2020. Native voting advocates said that Indigenous turnout is what \u003ca href=\"https://www.michiganradio.org/politics-government/2020-11-11/often-overlooked-native-american-voters-poised-to-become-powerful-voting-bloc-in-michigan\">helped strengthen Democratic strongholds\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://vote.narf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/obstacles_voter_impact_summary.pdf\">Native American Rights Fund argues\u003c/a> that with more than 100,000 Native people eligible to vote in the state, the population is four times the size of the margin of victory for Trump in the 2016 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tori McGeshick, the first Indigenous organizer for We the People Michigan Action Fund, has been working to connect Indigenous communities with politics. She sees outreach to Native communities as a continual work in progress, even for her organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times Indigenous peoples just don’t have the means to get out and vote, whether it be transportation or being able to get an ID, and then not to mention we’re also in a very rural area. So when people are expected to travel, it’s not like it’s just down the road,” McGeshick said, adding that she has done a lot of tabling at powwows and local grocery stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are now starting to understand who their local representatives are, who their representatives are for the district or their congressional representatives. And it’s starting to engage more leaders in the community to be active,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Montana\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 2020 Census estimated that Montana’s Native population is more than\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/state-by-state/montana-population-change-between-census-decade.html\"> 1 million people\u003c/a>. Just over 9% of the state identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native. While Montana is considered a Republican stronghold for the presidential race, voters in the state will be facing a potential swing election in the race for the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incumbent Democratic \u003ca href=\"https://www.charkoosta.com/news/native-american-voters-heavily-influence-election-results/article_4d66ccc8-e852-11e8-8b79-5bac5470260c.html#:~:text=Native%20voter%20turnout%20was%20high%20and%20I%20am%20humbled%20by%20the%20support%20I%20received%20from%20Montana%E2%80%99s%20Native%20people%2C\">Sen. Jon Tester thanked Native voters\u003c/a> for helping him win in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last time Sen. Tester ran for the Senate, his election was secure because of the Native vote,” said Perez of Western Native Voice out of Billings, Montana. “On election night, before I went to bed and before all of the Native precincts started reporting fully, it looked like a loss for Tester. But by morning, after the Native precincts reported completely, the victory was Tester’s.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person. They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Western Native Voice, according to Perez, is already working on voter registration efforts — initiatives they usually don’t begin this far ahead of an election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Native voters in Montana] have the ability to really determine the balance of power in the Senate,” Perez said, adding that it is particularly impactful for those living on reservations where federal funding directly impacts the services available. But it is still not quite a shoo-in for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would go as far as to say that the Democratic Party assumed that there would be just robust automatic turnout for them. But there were some races [in 2022] that were closer than what was expected,” Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the key here is turnout and ensuring that candidates and parties make a direct connection with voters and inform them of upcoming elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If any of the parties, if any candidate wants to reach out to Indian Country and wants to energize voters to go out to the polls, they need to go there in person,” Perez said. “They can’t rely on surrogates. They can’t rely on influencers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nevada\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The more than 62,000 Indigenous people living in Nevada, who generally account for 3.5% of the state’s population, have been credited with helping Democrats secure wins in recent elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that Native American voters in what is now the state of Nevada are voting in bigger numbers,” said Stacey Montooth, executive director of the Nevada Indian Commission, a state agency. “There are thousands and thousands of Native Americans who want to be involved in the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montooth said that \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/c8455877e48f464abf9f8d85e6885065/US-judge-sides-with-Nevada-tribes-in-voting-rights-case\">as a result of lawsuits\u003c/a>, there are services in the state that make it easier for Indigenous voters to vote including laws requiring any voting services available to Nevadans generally be available on tribal land as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes such a huge difference when our elders don’t have to drive 90 miles to cast their ballot,” Montooth said. “They can go to their senior center or give their completed ballot to a tribal health care worker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Voting is Local, a voting rights group with a Nevada chapter, pointed to an increase in Native American turnout rates in 2020 compared to 2016 as a reason why mail-in ballot efforts from the pandemic should be expanded and made permanent. The\u003ca href=\"https://lasvegassun.com/news/2022/jan/01/expanded-mail-in-voting-laws-taking-effect-nevada/\"> measure was passed\u003c/a> ahead of the 2022 midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have more eligible voters than all but two counties in the state. … But when Indian Country in the Great Basin, when we galvanize, we have a lot of political clout,” Montooth said. “I always love to hear that Nevada is influential when it comes to national politics. But my heart is warmed because I know the original caretakers of this land — we have something to do with that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>North Carolina\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Around\u003ca href=\"https://www.osbm.nc.gov/blog/2021/11/10/native-american-population-sees-notable-increase-2020-census#:~:text=Statewide%2C%203%25%20of%20the%20population,state%20and%20county%20population%20data.\"> 3% of North Carolina’s population\u003c/a> identifies as Native American or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes the Lumbee Tribe, which is state-recognized but,\u003ca href=\"https://ncadmin.nc.gov/divisions/american-indian-affairs/nc-tribes#:~:text=Lumbee%20Tribe%20of%20North%20Carolina,ninth%20largest%20in%20the%20nation.\"> unlike 574 tribes across the country, is not fully federally recognized\u003c/a>. The tribe, concentrated in the southeast portion of the North Carolina around Robeson County, has notably grown more conservative in recent presidential elections, voting Democrat until 2016, when it flipped for Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/the-recast/2022/08/23/american-indian-recognition-chinook-lumbee-00053331\">who supported its federal recognition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“North Carolina has a very active Native caucus that’s a very large Native electorate,” said Judith LeBlanc, executive director of the Native Organizers Alliance, adding that while Indigenous voters could trend Democrat, they also will vote Republican.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s campaign is already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/28/1178452256/biden-north-carolina-2024\">investing in the state\u003c/a> generally, three years after he lost it by just \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/929743730/north-carolina-live-election-results-2020\">under 75,000 votes\u003c/a>. Some say that the Democratic party took the Native vote for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1185826401/rural-voters-lean-red-young-voters-lean-blue-so-whats-a-young-rural-voter-to-do\">granted in the last election\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Eastern Band of Cherokees is the only federally recognized tribe within North Carolina. It has about 16,000 members. Although the district where the tribe is located is primarily Republican, tribal members have also been known to vote for Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t ignore the Cherokee vote,” warned Wilson Pipestem, counsel to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. “Both parties need to reach out to the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians and let us know what you stand for. And we want to hear from you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wisconsin\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin is another key state that helped deliver Biden a win after voting for Trump in 2016. There, 2.5% of the population identifies as American Indian or Alaska Native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wisconsin Native voters, like in other aforementioned states, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/articles/indigenous-affairs-how-indigenous-voters-swung-the-2020-election#:~:text=Wisconsin%2C%20a%20closely%20watched%20swing%20state%2C%20went%20narrowly%20for%20Biden%20by%C2%A0around%2020%2C500%20votes.\">are credited with helping deliver Biden a win in 2020 along tight margins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee Sweet, manager for Wisconsin Native Vote, boasts increasing voter turnout across the 11 federally recognized tribes in the state and said she noticed an increased interest in the electoral process.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“There is a sense of pride, a sense of ownership, a sense of responsibility now being felt in the community that I hadn’t seen before,” Sweet said. The pandemic, which overlapped with the 2020 presidential election, also offered new opportunities to connect with communities and get people involved with mask-making, phone banks and general check-ins while promoting voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers point to Wisconsin, as well as other Midwestern swing states like Michigan, as a place where political parties need to recognize urban Native voters in addition to rural voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweet noted most \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/american-indianalaska-native-health#:~:text=60%20percent%20of%20American%20Indians%20and%20Alaska%20Natives%20live%20in%20metropolitan%20areas%2C\">Natives live in urban communities nationally\u003c/a>. In Wisconsin, the majority are in Milwaukee. Historic barriers to voting, Sweet said, can keep Native voters out of the process regardless of where they live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can always improve when we’re looking at a population of folks who have a historic sense of indifference or reject the process of voting in the United States,” Sweet said. “So it’s really important for us to recognize the contemporary barriers to voting and to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sometimes+overlooked+by+campaigns%2C+Native+voters+could+decide+major+elections+in+2024&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Records are likely to fall this week as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/13/1199885876/holiday-travel-best-flights\">millions of Americans take to the skies for Thanksgiving.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual rush of holiday travelers will test a U.S. aviation system that is straining to keep up with demand. But federal regulators said the system is resilient and ready. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Holly Canevari, TSA deputy administrator\"]‘We’re ready to go. I think the Sunday after Thanksgiving will be our record-breaker.’[/pullquote]“This year, we are seeing more people flying than ever with fewer cancellations than we have seen in years,” Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg said at \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/briefing-room/fact-sheet-usdot-faa-work-improve-holiday-air-travel-and-strengthen-passenger-rights\">a press conference on Monday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Transportation Security Administration is predicting it will screen \u003ca href=\"https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2023/11/13/tsa-prepared-more-travelers-airport-security-checkpoints-expects\">more than 30 million people\u003c/a> during a 12-day window that started last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ready to go,” TSA deputy administrator Holly Canevari said last week at a travel industry conference in Washington, D.C. “I think the Sunday after Thanksgiving will be our record-breaker for a single day. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is expecting nearly 50,000 flights on Wednesday alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we don’t control the weather, we’re doing everything in our power to keep flights safe and keep cancellations and delays low this Thanksgiving,” said Mike Whitaker, the newly-appointed administrator of the FAA, who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/18/1206607841/senate-committee-michael-whitaker-faa-administrator\">unanimously confirmed by the Senate last month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FAA responds to a troubling safety warning\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Whitaker is confronting deep concerns about safety in his first weeks on the job. An independent safety review board appointed by the FAA is calling for “urgent action” to prevent plane crashes after a series of close calls on runways across the country this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.faa.gov/NAS_safety_review_team_report.pdf\">52-page report\u003c/a>, released last week, raises extensive concerns about the shortage of air traffic controllers and outdated equipment, which are “rendering the current level of safety unsustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitaker said the FAA welcomes the report and has already announced several new initiatives to speed up the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/09/1211838624/air-traffic-controllers-shortage-close-calls-senate-safety-near-miss-senate\">hiring of more air traffic controllers\u003c/a>. Those include hiring qualified students directly from aeronautical colleges and universities and deploying dozens of high-resolution tower simulators nationwide to take some pressure off the agency’s training academy in Oklahoma. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Geoff Freeman, CEO, U.S. Travel Association\"]‘We have not put the resources we need into funding the air traffic control system — not just this year or last year, but for decades.’[/pullquote]The FAA is also looking at how to lower the attrition rate for aspiring air traffic controllers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a fairly high failure rate” at the training academy, Whitaker told reporters on Monday. “My initial focus has been on how to make these numbers go up quickly without lowering standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While troubling, some of the challenges outlined in the independent safety review are not new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not put the resources we need into funding the air traffic control system — not just this year or last year, but for decades,” said Geoff Freeman, the CEO of the U.S. Travel Association. “We have not prioritized it. We’ve kicked the can down the road on modernization efforts, and we’re paying the price for that today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Flight attendants brace for the holiday rush\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Full planes and crowded overhead bins could also make for a challenging holiday in the flight cabin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The holidays have always been a time period that flight attendants sort of dread going to work,” said Sara Nelson, the president of the Association of Flight Attendants union. [aside postID=news_11911992 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/GettyImages-1237045095-1020x646.jpg']“The flying is much harder. You have inexperienced people, you’re answering more questions. There’s fewer of us,” she said. “Which then often means that passengers are trying to work things out between each other, and you don’t have a referee there right at the start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson said it used to be widespread across the industry for flight attendants to earn more on holiday shifts, but those incentives have been gradually eroding. She urges travelers to keep all of that in mind when flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, she said, most do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vast majority of people come to the door of our airplane with kindness in their heart and a desire for a safe, uneventful flight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">My mom is one of the least wasteful people I know. Growing up in India in the ’60s and the ’70s, she used to bring her own aluminum tins to the market to load up on staples like rice, lentils and flour. Then, when she moved to America in the ’80s, she continued that tradition of resourcefulness, saving old margarine tubs and Danish butter cookie tins to store food and other items.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>You can live a low-waste lifestyle, too, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/queerbrownvegan/?hl=en\">Isaias Hernandez\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based environmental educator who runs the Instagram account \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/queerbrownvegan/?hl=en\">Queer Brown Vegan\u003c/a>. The key, he adds, is to be creative about “redesigning your behavior to reduce plastic” and other waste — just like my mom does at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these actions won’t necessarily solve the climate crisis, they can add up, he says. The average American generates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials#Landfilling\">five pounds\u003c/a> of trash per day, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Some of it gets recycled, but most of it ends up in landfills, which can contaminate soil and water and generate \u003ca href=\"https://www.colorado.edu/ecenter/2021/04/15/hidden-damage-landfills\">harmful greenhouse gases\u003c/a>, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Personal actions [are] what drive the cultural change,” he says. Here are a few simple ways you can reduce your trash output — plus a few tips from my mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Do a trash audit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hernandez suggests taking stock of what you’re throwing away by writing a list of your trash. Organize the list by the rooms in your house or by activity. For example, you might write “dirty diapers, used wipes and paper towels” under “nursery ” or “food waste, plastic containers and metal cans” under “cooking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This audit will help you grasp the extent of the trash you create and identify manageable ways to start reducing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if you find yourself throwing out a lot of food scraps, consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/04/07/828918397/how-to-compost-at-home\">composting\u003c/a>. If you notice you have a lot of plastic bags piling up under your sink, start bringing reusable tote bags to the grocery store — and skip the little bag for fruits and veggies in the produce section. If you throw away a lot of plastic bottles for soap and shampoo, check your city’s recycling standards to see if they can be recycled, or switch to using bar soap and shampoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez noticed that he was using a lot of paper towels, so he switched to using reusable cloths instead. “I can wash them at the end of the day and they’re good to go,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make changes that work for you and your lifestyle. If the idea of using cloth diapers for your baby sounds like way too much laundry — don’t do it. Find ways to cut waste in other aspects of your household.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reuse your containers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A lot of low-waste solutions might seem like they require buying special containers like silicone replacements for your Ziploc bags or a matching set of jars to take to the bulk food section of your grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you don’t need to spend money on those items, says Hernandez. Instead, look at the waste you already produce and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">figure out a way to reuse it\u003c/a>. Maybe you can add a soap dispenser lid to a used Mason jar. Or perhaps you can be like my mom and use empty tins, boxes and other food containers to store leftovers or organize small items like nails or jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Salvage what you can\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Beyond repurposing food containers, see if there’s anything else in your household you can save before tossing it in the trash, says Hernandez. Maybe you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/22/1177552573/extend-the-life-of-your-clothes-with-visible-mending\">mend an old pair of jeans\u003c/a> instead of buying a new pair. Or maybe you can cut up old T-shirts into rags, which is what my mom used to do with my dad’s old tees. I do this now, too and the rags are perfect for cleaning up after fixing my bike — I don’t feel bad about getting grease on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And think about how you can creatively save your food scraps. If you have a bunch of overripe bananas, put it in the freezer to make banana bread later. Or transform an orange peel \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/build-a-makeshift-candle-in-minutes-with-an-orange-peel/\">into a candle\u003c/a> using vegetable oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Rely less on pre-packaged foods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Often, food comes in wasteful packaging. Mushrooms and tomatoes, for example, are packaged in Styrofoam containers covered in shrink wrap, and some beverages come in plastic jugs that may not be easy to recycle. So, Hernandez says, try to source your food in ways that don’t require you to take it out of a package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might mean making some of your own food from scratch. Instead of buying oat milk in a non-recyclable container at the store, Hernandez makes it at home by blending oats and water. The oat milk can be stored in a jar, eliminating the packaging waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also try sourcing your own food by growing a garden or looking for edible plants in your community. Foraging apps and local Facebook groups can help you identify what fruits, vegetables, greens and fungi are available in your area to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Look for ways to cut waste outside the home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once you start noticing how much trash you produce at home, you’ll start to see places to cut down on trash elsewhere. Opt for a digital receipt instead of a paper one. Bring your own reusable fork to a restaurant that uses single-use plastic utensils. Or ask your local barista to fill up your coffee mug instead of a paper cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember: Lowering the amount of waste you create doesn’t have to be an all-or-nothing pursuit, Hernandez says. Find changes that work for you, and you’ll be more likely to stick with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio was produced by Margaret Cirino\u003c/em> \u003cem>and edited by Sylvie Douglis. The digital story was edited by Malaka Gharib. The visual producer is Kaz Fantone.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want more Life Kit? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter and get expert advice on topics like money, relationships, health and more. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>Click here to subscribe now\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Cut+down+your+household+waste+with+these+5+creative+solutions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">My mom is one of the least wasteful people I know. Growing up in India in the ’60s and the ’70s, she used to bring her own aluminum tins to the market to load up on staples like rice, lentils and flour. Then, when she moved to America in the ’80s, she continued that tradition of resourcefulness, saving old margarine tubs and Danish butter cookie tins to store food and other items.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>You can live a low-waste lifestyle, too, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/queerbrownvegan/?hl=en\">Isaias Hernandez\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based environmental educator who runs the Instagram account \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/queerbrownvegan/?hl=en\">Queer Brown Vegan\u003c/a>. The key, he adds, is to be creative about “redesigning your behavior to reduce plastic” and other waste — just like my mom does at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these actions won’t necessarily solve the climate crisis, they can add up, he says. The average American generates \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/national-overview-facts-and-figures-materials#Landfilling\">five pounds\u003c/a> of trash per day, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Some of it gets recycled, but most of it ends up in landfills, which can contaminate soil and water and generate \u003ca href=\"https://www.colorado.edu/ecenter/2021/04/15/hidden-damage-landfills\">harmful greenhouse gases\u003c/a>, contributing to environmental degradation and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Personal actions [are] what drive the cultural change,” he says. Here are a few simple ways you can reduce your trash output — plus a few tips from my mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Do a trash audit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hernandez suggests taking stock of what you’re throwing away by writing a list of your trash. Organize the list by the rooms in your house or by activity. For example, you might write “dirty diapers, used wipes and paper towels” under “nursery ” or “food waste, plastic containers and metal cans” under “cooking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This audit will help you grasp the extent of the trash you create and identify manageable ways to start reducing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, if you find yourself throwing out a lot of food scraps, consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/04/07/828918397/how-to-compost-at-home\">composting\u003c/a>. If you notice you have a lot of plastic bags piling up under your sink, start bringing reusable tote bags to the grocery store — and skip the little bag for fruits and veggies in the produce section. If you throw away a lot of plastic bottles for soap and shampoo, check your city’s recycling standards to see if they can be recycled, or switch to using bar soap and shampoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez noticed that he was using a lot of paper towels, so he switched to using reusable cloths instead. “I can wash them at the end of the day and they’re good to go,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make changes that work for you and your lifestyle. If the idea of using cloth diapers for your baby sounds like way too much laundry — don’t do it. Find ways to cut waste in other aspects of your household.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reuse your containers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A lot of low-waste solutions might seem like they require buying special containers like silicone replacements for your Ziploc bags or a matching set of jars to take to the bulk food section of your grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you don’t need to spend money on those items, says Hernandez. Instead, look at the waste you already produce and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/19/1144110063/clear-out-your-clutter\">figure out a way to reuse it\u003c/a>. Maybe you can add a soap dispenser lid to a used Mason jar. Or perhaps you can be like my mom and use empty tins, boxes and other food containers to store leftovers or organize small items like nails or jewelry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Salvage what you can\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Beyond repurposing food containers, see if there’s anything else in your household you can save before tossing it in the trash, says Hernandez. Maybe you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/22/1177552573/extend-the-life-of-your-clothes-with-visible-mending\">mend an old pair of jeans\u003c/a> instead of buying a new pair. Or maybe you can cut up old T-shirts into rags, which is what my mom used to do with my dad’s old tees. I do this now, too and the rags are perfect for cleaning up after fixing my bike — I don’t feel bad about getting grease on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And think about how you can creatively save your food scraps. If you have a bunch of overripe bananas, put it in the freezer to make banana bread later. Or transform an orange peel \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/home/smart-home/build-a-makeshift-candle-in-minutes-with-an-orange-peel/\">into a candle\u003c/a> using vegetable oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Rely less on pre-packaged foods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Often, food comes in wasteful packaging. Mushrooms and tomatoes, for example, are packaged in Styrofoam containers covered in shrink wrap, and some beverages come in plastic jugs that may not be easy to recycle. So, Hernandez says, try to source your food in ways that don’t require you to take it out of a package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might mean making some of your own food from scratch. Instead of buying oat milk in a non-recyclable container at the store, Hernandez makes it at home by blending oats and water. The oat milk can be stored in a jar, eliminating the packaging waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also try sourcing your own food by growing a garden or looking for edible plants in your community. Foraging apps and local Facebook groups can help you identify what fruits, vegetables, greens and fungi are available in your area to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Look for ways to cut waste outside the home\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once you start noticing how much trash you produce at home, you’ll start to see places to cut down on trash elsewhere. Opt for a digital receipt instead of a paper one. Bring your own reusable fork to a restaurant that uses single-use plastic utensils. Or ask your local barista to fill up your coffee mug instead of a paper cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember: Lowering the amount of waste you create doesn’t have to be an all-or-nothing pursuit, Hernandez says. Find changes that work for you, and you’ll be more likely to stick with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The audio was produced by Margaret Cirino\u003c/em> \u003cem>and edited by Sylvie Douglis. The digital story was edited by Malaka Gharib. The visual producer is Kaz Fantone.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Want more Life Kit? Subscribe to our weekly newsletter and get expert advice on topics like money, relationships, health and more. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>Click here to subscribe now\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Cut+down+your+household+waste+with+these+5+creative+solutions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scams can happen to anyone — even to people who study them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kellyrichmondpope.com/\">Kelly Richmond Pope\u003c/a>, a forensic accounting professor at DePaul University, fell for one in 2017. While searching for tickets to a Bruno Mars concert, she found a website offering front-row seats for a low price. After she paid for the tickets, she realized … they were fake!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back on the incident, Richmond Pope, who also researches fraud and white-collar crime, says, “The website I got the tickets off of \u003cem>did \u003c/em>look different from Ticketmaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reduce your chances of getting swindled, take extra precautions to safeguard your data and finances. Scammers may want personal information like your social security number to, say, open a bank account or steal your benefits or your bank account numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Criminals will steal from anyone, whether you have $5 or $500 or $500,000,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2021/aarp-fraud-experts.html\">Amy Nofziger\u003c/a>, the director of fraud victim support for AARP, which focuses on issues affecting people over 50. She oversees their fraud hotline, where they get calls from people of all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraud is a big business. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/02/new-ftc-data-show-consumers-reported-losing-nearly-88-billion-scams-2022\">a 2022 report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, Americans reported losing nearly $8.8 billion to fraud, an increase of more than 30% from 2021. The most common schemes were impostor scams, followed by online shopping scams and those that involved prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond Pope and Nofziger share eight simple steps you can take to protect yourself from getting conned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Regularly check your bank accounts for fraud\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Look through your accounts, especially your checking and credit card accounts, every two weeks. “Take an hour and do a deep dive. Look at all the transactions and make sure everything there is valid and legitimate,” Richmond Pope says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Check your credit report every four months\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Look at your credit report every four months to see if anyone has made charges or opened accounts in your name, Nofziger says. You can get a free report from each of the three major credit bureaus, Equifax, Experian and TransUnion, every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Freeze your credit (then ‘thaw’ it when you need it)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This ensures that no one can open up a credit card or take out a loan in your name. To freeze your credit, go to the websites of each of the major credit bureaus, make an account and request a freeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I need to refinance or get a loan, I just go and ‘thaw’ it — that’s what the companies call it — for ten days. My creditor can check my credit, and then it’ll automatically be frozen again,” Nofziger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Use your credit card whenever possible\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Use your credit card rather than your debit card, Richmond Pope says. “Your credit card company has a level of protection that the banks don’t seem to give. So I’ve always used my credit card for as much as I can, then just pay that credit card balance off at the end of the month.” [aside label='More Helpful Guides' tag='audience-news']If someone makes a fraudulent charge on your credit card, the most you’ll be liable for is $50, \u003ca href=\"https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/lost-or-stolen-credit-atm-debit-cards\">according to the FTC\u003c/a>. But if someone gets a hold of your debit card, they can take money straight out of your checking account, leaving you without access to that cash while you sort things out with your bank. You also may be liable for \u003ca href=\"https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/lost-or-stolen-credit-atm-debit-cards\">much more of the losses\u003c/a>, depending on when you report the fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Call the number on the back of your bank card\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you suspect that someone has made a fraudulent charge on your bank card, don’t search for your bank’s phone number on the internet. Call the number on the back of your bank card or on your account statement, Nofziger says. “Criminals are placing fake customer service phone numbers [online]. You call it thinking you’re talking to your actual bank,” but it’s a fake number.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Sign out of your Venmo app when you’re done using it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you thought you were only at risk while browsing the internet, you are wrong. Picture this, Nofziger says. Say you’re walking down the street and a teenager comes up to you and says, ” ‘Oh my gosh, I lost my phone. I need to call my mom to pick me up. Can I borrow your phone?’ ‘Well, of course,’ you say. ‘Here’s my phone.’ You see them dialing a phone number. But actually, what they’ve done is they’ve gone into your Venmo app,” and they’ve transferred money to themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, Nofziger recommends signing out of your peer-to-peer payment apps when you’re done using them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Set up your phone to decline calls from people you don’t know\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To reduce your chances of answering phone calls from scammers, go into your phone settings and select the option to send unknown callers to voicemail. “That means that anybody that is not in your contacts that calls you will go directly to voicemail,” Nozfiger says. “If it’s important, [the caller] will leave a voicemail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>8. Be careful about what you post online\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>People can gather a lot of information from your social media accounts, Richmond Pope says. If you share a birthday photo on your actual birthday with your age in the caption, people can find out your birth date. They can find out who your friends and family are by looking at your followers list and your tagged photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can also find out when you’re out of town. Your vacation photos on Instagram announce to the world that you are not home, she adds. “Most people are not posting their pictures two weeks after they come back. They’re posting their pictures while they’re on vacation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do get scammed, make sure to report it, Nofziger says. And give yourself grace. “You were a victim of crime. End of story. You need help, kindness, empathy and guidance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scams can happen to anyone — even to people who study them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kellyrichmondpope.com/\">Kelly Richmond Pope\u003c/a>, a forensic accounting professor at DePaul University, fell for one in 2017. While searching for tickets to a Bruno Mars concert, she found a website offering front-row seats for a low price. After she paid for the tickets, she realized … they were fake!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back on the incident, Richmond Pope, who also researches fraud and white-collar crime, says, “The website I got the tickets off of \u003cem>did \u003c/em>look different from Ticketmaster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reduce your chances of getting swindled, take extra precautions to safeguard your data and finances. Scammers may want personal information like your social security number to, say, open a bank account or steal your benefits or your bank account numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Criminals will steal from anyone, whether you have $5 or $500 or $500,000,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2021/aarp-fraud-experts.html\">Amy Nofziger\u003c/a>, the director of fraud victim support for AARP, which focuses on issues affecting people over 50. She oversees their fraud hotline, where they get calls from people of all ages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fraud is a big business. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/02/new-ftc-data-show-consumers-reported-losing-nearly-88-billion-scams-2022\">a 2022 report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, Americans reported losing nearly $8.8 billion to fraud, an increase of more than 30% from 2021. The most common schemes were impostor scams, followed by online shopping scams and those that involved prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond Pope and Nofziger share eight simple steps you can take to protect yourself from getting conned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Regularly check your bank accounts for fraud\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Look through your accounts, especially your checking and credit card accounts, every two weeks. “Take an hour and do a deep dive. Look at all the transactions and make sure everything there is valid and legitimate,” Richmond Pope says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Check your credit report every four months\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Look at your credit report every four months to see if anyone has made charges or opened accounts in your name, Nofziger says. You can get a free report from each of the three major credit bureaus, Equifax, Experian and TransUnion, every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Freeze your credit (then ‘thaw’ it when you need it)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This ensures that no one can open up a credit card or take out a loan in your name. To freeze your credit, go to the websites of each of the major credit bureaus, make an account and request a freeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I need to refinance or get a loan, I just go and ‘thaw’ it — that’s what the companies call it — for ten days. My creditor can check my credit, and then it’ll automatically be frozen again,” Nofziger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Use your credit card whenever possible\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Use your credit card rather than your debit card, Richmond Pope says. “Your credit card company has a level of protection that the banks don’t seem to give. So I’ve always used my credit card for as much as I can, then just pay that credit card balance off at the end of the month.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If someone makes a fraudulent charge on your credit card, the most you’ll be liable for is $50, \u003ca href=\"https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/lost-or-stolen-credit-atm-debit-cards\">according to the FTC\u003c/a>. But if someone gets a hold of your debit card, they can take money straight out of your checking account, leaving you without access to that cash while you sort things out with your bank. You also may be liable for \u003ca href=\"https://consumer.ftc.gov/articles/lost-or-stolen-credit-atm-debit-cards\">much more of the losses\u003c/a>, depending on when you report the fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Call the number on the back of your bank card\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you suspect that someone has made a fraudulent charge on your bank card, don’t search for your bank’s phone number on the internet. Call the number on the back of your bank card or on your account statement, Nofziger says. “Criminals are placing fake customer service phone numbers [online]. You call it thinking you’re talking to your actual bank,” but it’s a fake number.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Sign out of your Venmo app when you’re done using it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you thought you were only at risk while browsing the internet, you are wrong. Picture this, Nofziger says. Say you’re walking down the street and a teenager comes up to you and says, ” ‘Oh my gosh, I lost my phone. I need to call my mom to pick me up. Can I borrow your phone?’ ‘Well, of course,’ you say. ‘Here’s my phone.’ You see them dialing a phone number. But actually, what they’ve done is they’ve gone into your Venmo app,” and they’ve transferred money to themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, Nofziger recommends signing out of your peer-to-peer payment apps when you’re done using them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Set up your phone to decline calls from people you don’t know\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To reduce your chances of answering phone calls from scammers, go into your phone settings and select the option to send unknown callers to voicemail. “That means that anybody that is not in your contacts that calls you will go directly to voicemail,” Nozfiger says. “If it’s important, [the caller] will leave a voicemail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>8. Be careful about what you post online\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>People can gather a lot of information from your social media accounts, Richmond Pope says. If you share a birthday photo on your actual birthday with your age in the caption, people can find out your birth date. They can find out who your friends and family are by looking at your followers list and your tagged photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can also find out when you’re out of town. Your vacation photos on Instagram announce to the world that you are not home, she adds. “Most people are not posting their pictures two weeks after they come back. They’re posting their pictures while they’re on vacation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do get scammed, make sure to report it, Nofziger says. And give yourself grace. “You were a victim of crime. End of story. You need help, kindness, empathy and guidance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Everyone knows you can save money on books by checking them out at the library instead of buying them. But did you know libraries can help you save on other things, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some locations, you can borrow tools (saving a purchase at the hardware store), take free language classes and even get free tickets to local museums and attractions. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Joan Johnson, library director, Milwaukee Public Library\"]‘Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.’[/pullquote]The resources that your library has to offer will depend on its size and funding, which comes in part from taxpayer dollars and donor funds. These perks are part of the public library’s mission to serve the \u003ca href=\"https://newamericans.ala.org/white-paper/part-2/assess-community-needs/\">needs of the local community\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"https://milwaukeenns.org/2020/12/28/5-things-to-know-about-joan-johnson-milwaukees-new-library-director/\">Joan Johnson\u003c/a>, library director at Milwaukee Public Library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To take advantage of these money-saving benefits, sign up for a library card, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mychal3ts\">Mychal Threets\u003c/a>, the supervising librarian at the Fairfield Civic Center Library in Fairfield. Then, check out the library website or simply walk into your local library and talk to a librarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are seven surprising ways the library can help you save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Before you buy something, see if you can borrow it from the library\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Libraries offer all kinds of items on loan. “\u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/catalog/special-collections/#1611252737404-0cfc29f9-537b\">Video games\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/central/musicloan\">musical instruments\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grpl.org/boardgame/\">board games\u003c/a>. Some libraries have \u003ca href=\"https://nolalibrary.org/location-specific-services/cake-pans/\">bakeware collections\u003c/a> where you can get baking pans,” says Threets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akhila Bhat, branch manager at Harris County Public Library in Katy, Texas, says her library system has a \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/blogs/post/seed-libraries-and-gardening-resources/\">seed library\u003c/a>. “Patrons can pick up seeds to start a garden and drop off seeds for others to take home and plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, libraries like the Providence Public Library in Rhode Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.provlib.org/using-the-library/tools/\">have tools you can check out\u003c/a>. That includes a cordless drill, safety goggles and a laser level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reserve free tickets to local museums and attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some places, you can get free or discounted tickets to local attractions in your city or town. The Nashville Public Library, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://library.nashville.org/services/community-passports\">offers free passes\u003c/a> to the Cheekwood Estate and Gardens (saving patrons $29 in admission fees), the Country Music Hall of Fame (saving about $28) and the National Museum of African American Music (saving about $27). And \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30806\">library card holders in California\u003c/a> can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23887\">saving patrons $20 in entry fees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Print out your documents at a discount\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You can use the computers to print documents like plane tickets, concert tickets or shipping labels. There’s usually a small fee, but it’s often cheaper than printing at an office supply store or a shipping center, says Threets. For example, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/use-the-library/print#anchor5\">10 cents\u003c/a> to print a page in black and white at the Brooklyn Public Library in New York, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.office.fedex.com/default/copies.html?CMP=KNC-8000047-68-9-950-1110000-US-US-EN-123650:123823:2201363&gclid=Cj0KCQjwqP2pBhDMARIsAJQ0CzoVnNp_CfN8GU5F28Wv_0hYbdk6hepsPQdKcTy3eIWHXPEp6p5rd5caAvVGEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\">23 cents\u003c/a> at FedEx. [aside postID=news_11910495 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55017_GettyImages-1387412608-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Get free help with homework and standardized tests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your library card may grant you access to free \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainfuse.com/highed/helpNow.asp?a_id=394E70AB&ss=&r=\">online help from expert tutors\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.gwinnettpl.org/news/access-tutor-com/\">Tutor.com\u003c/a>, which offers live one-on-one homework help for students in K-12 and higher education. It’s a sweet deal, considering that hourly rates for a private tutor \u003ca href=\"https://tutors.com/costs/#:~:text=a%20tutor%20cost%3F-,%2425%20%2D%20%2480%20%2Fhr,%24150%20to%20%24200%20per%20month.\">can range from $25-$80 an hour\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re preparing for college, check out whether your local branch has resources for standardized tests like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broward.org/Library/Pages/SATACTProgram.aspx\">SAT or ACT\u003c/a>. Broward County Library in Florida, for example, has a free 10-hour test prep workshop for high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2019-10-25/what-to-know-about-sat-prep-classes\">that can cost hundreds of dollars elsewhere\u003c/a>. Aspiring graduate students can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/learning-research/test-prep\">resources\u003c/a> for exams such as the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and MAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians can help with school projects, too. If you need to research something, they can identify relevant books or order them from other branches for you. Bhat says a lot of kids come in looking for help with biographies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Take free fitness, hobby and language classes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some libraries often offer fun, free programming you’d pay money for elsewhere. \u003ca href=\"https://www.queenslibrary.org/programs-activities/health-wellness/fitness-classes\">Queens Public Library\u003c/a> in New York offers workout classes ranging from yoga to tai chi to Zumba, saving patrons potentially hundreds of dollars in monthly class fees at a fitness studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries can also help you find a new hobby. You can join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/new/knitting-clubs\">knitting club\u003c/a>, learn \u003ca href=\"https://eriecounty-pa.libguides.com/c.php?g=1083575&p=7898482\">photography\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/madison-public-librarys-naturalist-in-residence-program-encourages-madisonians-to-explore-nature\">take a class with a naturalist\u003c/a>. Some locations will even let patrons borrow the necessary gear. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/05/30/backpacks-full-of-bird-watching-supplies-available-for-checkout-at-some-county-libraries/\">Libraries in Florida\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://libwww.freelibrary.org/blog/post/4850\">Philadelphia\u003c/a>, for example, have “birding backpacks” that come equipped with items for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">birdwatching\u003c/a>, like binoculars and field guides to help identify local birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many libraries grant patrons access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bpl.org/learning-tools/language-learning/\">online language learning resources\u003c/a> such as \u003ca href=\"https://warrenpl.org/language-learning/\">Mango Languages\u003c/a>, a service with courses for over 70 languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Attend free concerts and performances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Save money on live music by checking out what your local branch offers. The New York Public Library’s performance art space, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/events/calendar?keyword=&target%5B%5D=ad&target%5B%5D=ya&target%5B%5D=cr&city%5B%5D=bx&city%5B%5D=man&city%5B%5D=si&location=&type=4324&topic=4277&audience=&series=\">upcoming concerts\u003c/a> featuring a choir and a quartet. And people can \u003ca href=\"https://visit.lacountylibrary.org/events?r=thismonth\">watch a classical guitarist or a harpist perform\u003c/a> at different libraries in Los Angeles County. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mychal Threets, supervising librarian, Fairfield Civic Center Library\"]‘Video games, musical instruments, board games. Some libraries have bakeware collections where you can get baking pans.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Access free social services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to recreation and entertainment, many libraries in the U.S. offer programs to support the community. People who need help finding a job can take \u003ca href=\"https://www.dclibrary.org/using-the-library/computer-classes\">computer literacy courses\u003c/a> and get assistance with \u003ca href=\"https://www.lcplin.org/job-application-help\">applications\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/browse/interest-guides/business-and-work/job-help-resources\">interview prep\u003c/a>. Immigrants can take \u003ca href=\"https://rutherfordlibrary.org/esl/\">English as a Second Language (ESL) classes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.faylib.org/event/8809406\">classes\u003c/a> to prepare them for their U.S. citizenship exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries also provide resources for practical matters. Around \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158816222/how-to-prepare-for-tax-season\">tax time\u003c/a>, check if there are \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/tax-services/\">volunteer tax experts\u003c/a> available to give you advice and \u003ca href=\"https://kcls.org/tax-help/\">help you file for free\u003c/a>. At Threet’s library, patrons can \u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/services/lawyers-at-your-library/\">book time with a lawyer\u003c/a> if they need legal advice. “We have volunteer lawyers who will meet with people for 15 to 20 minutes at a time on a monthly basis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says library resources like these aim to level the playing field. “The hope is that people use our services to educate and inform themselves, and gain wisdom about any topic under the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The resources that your library has to offer will depend on its size and funding, which comes in part from taxpayer dollars and donor funds. These perks are part of the public library’s mission to serve the \u003ca href=\"https://newamericans.ala.org/white-paper/part-2/assess-community-needs/\">needs of the local community\u003c/a>, says \u003ca href=\"https://milwaukeenns.org/2020/12/28/5-things-to-know-about-joan-johnson-milwaukees-new-library-director/\">Joan Johnson\u003c/a>, library director at Milwaukee Public Library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Libraries are one of the most important parts of the social infrastructure. The possibilities for how you explore are endless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To take advantage of these money-saving benefits, sign up for a library card, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mychal3ts\">Mychal Threets\u003c/a>, the supervising librarian at the Fairfield Civic Center Library in Fairfield. Then, check out the library website or simply walk into your local library and talk to a librarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are seven surprising ways the library can help you save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Before you buy something, see if you can borrow it from the library\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Libraries offer all kinds of items on loan. “\u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/catalog/special-collections/#1611252737404-0cfc29f9-537b\">Video games\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/central/musicloan\">musical instruments\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.grpl.org/boardgame/\">board games\u003c/a>. Some libraries have \u003ca href=\"https://nolalibrary.org/location-specific-services/cake-pans/\">bakeware collections\u003c/a> where you can get baking pans,” says Threets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akhila Bhat, branch manager at Harris County Public Library in Katy, Texas, says her library system has a \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/blogs/post/seed-libraries-and-gardening-resources/\">seed library\u003c/a>. “Patrons can pick up seeds to start a garden and drop off seeds for others to take home and plant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, libraries like the Providence Public Library in Rhode Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.provlib.org/using-the-library/tools/\">have tools you can check out\u003c/a>. That includes a cordless drill, safety goggles and a laser level.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Reserve free tickets to local museums and attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In some places, you can get free or discounted tickets to local attractions in your city or town. The Nashville Public Library, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://library.nashville.org/services/community-passports\">offers free passes\u003c/a> to the Cheekwood Estate and Gardens (saving patrons $29 in admission fees), the Country Music Hall of Fame (saving about $28) and the National Museum of African American Music (saving about $27). And \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=30806\">library card holders in California\u003c/a> can gain free entry to over 200 state parks, \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23887\">saving patrons $20 in entry fees\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Print out your documents at a discount\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You can use the computers to print documents like plane tickets, concert tickets or shipping labels. There’s usually a small fee, but it’s often cheaper than printing at an office supply store or a shipping center, says Threets. For example, it costs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bklynlibrary.org/use-the-library/print#anchor5\">10 cents\u003c/a> to print a page in black and white at the Brooklyn Public Library in New York, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.office.fedex.com/default/copies.html?CMP=KNC-8000047-68-9-950-1110000-US-US-EN-123650:123823:2201363&gclid=Cj0KCQjwqP2pBhDMARIsAJQ0CzoVnNp_CfN8GU5F28Wv_0hYbdk6hepsPQdKcTy3eIWHXPEp6p5rd5caAvVGEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\">23 cents\u003c/a> at FedEx. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Get free help with homework and standardized tests\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your library card may grant you access to free \u003ca href=\"https://www.brainfuse.com/highed/helpNow.asp?a_id=394E70AB&ss=&r=\">online help from expert tutors\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.gwinnettpl.org/news/access-tutor-com/\">Tutor.com\u003c/a>, which offers live one-on-one homework help for students in K-12 and higher education. It’s a sweet deal, considering that hourly rates for a private tutor \u003ca href=\"https://tutors.com/costs/#:~:text=a%20tutor%20cost%3F-,%2425%20%2D%20%2480%20%2Fhr,%24150%20to%20%24200%20per%20month.\">can range from $25-$80 an hour\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re preparing for college, check out whether your local branch has resources for standardized tests like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broward.org/Library/Pages/SATACTProgram.aspx\">SAT or ACT\u003c/a>. Broward County Library in Florida, for example, has a free 10-hour test prep workshop for high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2019-10-25/what-to-know-about-sat-prep-classes\">that can cost hundreds of dollars elsewhere\u003c/a>. Aspiring graduate students can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.norfolkpubliclibrary.org/learning-research/test-prep\">resources\u003c/a> for exams such as the GRE, LSAT, MCAT and MAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians can help with school projects, too. If you need to research something, they can identify relevant books or order them from other branches for you. Bhat says a lot of kids come in looking for help with biographies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>5. Take free fitness, hobby and language classes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some libraries often offer fun, free programming you’d pay money for elsewhere. \u003ca href=\"https://www.queenslibrary.org/programs-activities/health-wellness/fitness-classes\">Queens Public Library\u003c/a> in New York offers workout classes ranging from yoga to tai chi to Zumba, saving patrons potentially hundreds of dollars in monthly class fees at a fitness studio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries can also help you find a new hobby. You can join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.madisonpubliclibrary.org/new/knitting-clubs\">knitting club\u003c/a>, learn \u003ca href=\"https://eriecounty-pa.libguides.com/c.php?g=1083575&p=7898482\">photography\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofmadison.com/news/madison-public-librarys-naturalist-in-residence-program-encourages-madisonians-to-explore-nature\">take a class with a naturalist\u003c/a>. Some locations will even let patrons borrow the necessary gear. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2019/05/30/backpacks-full-of-bird-watching-supplies-available-for-checkout-at-some-county-libraries/\">Libraries in Florida\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://libwww.freelibrary.org/blog/post/4850\">Philadelphia\u003c/a>, for example, have “birding backpacks” that come equipped with items for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/21/999050796/a-field-guide-for-fledgling-birders\">birdwatching\u003c/a>, like binoculars and field guides to help identify local birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many libraries grant patrons access to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bpl.org/learning-tools/language-learning/\">online language learning resources\u003c/a> such as \u003ca href=\"https://warrenpl.org/language-learning/\">Mango Languages\u003c/a>, a service with courses for over 70 languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Attend free concerts and performances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Save money on live music by checking out what your local branch offers. The New York Public Library’s performance art space, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nypl.org/events/calendar?keyword=&target%5B%5D=ad&target%5B%5D=ya&target%5B%5D=cr&city%5B%5D=bx&city%5B%5D=man&city%5B%5D=si&location=&type=4324&topic=4277&audience=&series=\">upcoming concerts\u003c/a> featuring a choir and a quartet. And people can \u003ca href=\"https://visit.lacountylibrary.org/events?r=thismonth\">watch a classical guitarist or a harpist perform\u003c/a> at different libraries in Los Angeles County. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Video games, musical instruments, board games. Some libraries have bakeware collections where you can get baking pans.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Access free social services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to recreation and entertainment, many libraries in the U.S. offer programs to support the community. People who need help finding a job can take \u003ca href=\"https://www.dclibrary.org/using-the-library/computer-classes\">computer literacy courses\u003c/a> and get assistance with \u003ca href=\"https://www.lcplin.org/job-application-help\">applications\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.phoenixpubliclibrary.org/browse/interest-guides/business-and-work/job-help-resources\">interview prep\u003c/a>. Immigrants can take \u003ca href=\"https://rutherfordlibrary.org/esl/\">English as a Second Language (ESL) classes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.faylib.org/event/8809406\">classes\u003c/a> to prepare them for their U.S. citizenship exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libraries also provide resources for practical matters. Around \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/22/1158816222/how-to-prepare-for-tax-season\">tax time\u003c/a>, check if there are \u003ca href=\"https://hcpl.net/tax-services/\">volunteer tax experts\u003c/a> available to give you advice and \u003ca href=\"https://kcls.org/tax-help/\">help you file for free\u003c/a>. At Threet’s library, patrons can \u003ca href=\"https://solanolibrary.com/services/lawyers-at-your-library/\">book time with a lawyer\u003c/a> if they need legal advice. “We have volunteer lawyers who will meet with people for 15 to 20 minutes at a time on a monthly basis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says library resources like these aim to level the playing field. “The hope is that people use our services to educate and inform themselves, and gain wisdom about any topic under the sun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Is Biden's Goal of a 2-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Still Possible?",
"headTitle": "Is Biden’s Goal of a 2-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Still Possible? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Israel continues to respond to Hamas’ unprecedented attack on its people, bombarding Gaza and preparing for a ground offensive. Humanitarian groups and some foreign leaders are calling for a cease-fire. But what are the prospects for long-term peace? [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"President Joe Biden\"]‘In our view, it has to be a two-state solution. And that means a concentrated effort for all the parties — Israelis, Palestinians, regional partners, global leaders — to put us on a path toward peace.’[/pullquote]President Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQv_L-NBiNg\">said Wednesday\u003c/a> that there is no going back to the status quo before Oct. 7 — meaning in part that when the crisis is over, there must be a view of what comes next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our view, it has to be a two-state solution,” he said, \u003ca href=\"https://sv.usembassy.gov/president-bidens-statement-during-his-visit-to-tel-aviv/\">reiterating a comment\u003c/a> he made during his visit to Israel. “And that means a concentrated effort for all the parties — Israelis, Palestinians, regional partners, global leaders — to put us on a path toward peace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two-state solution calls for establishing an independent state for Palestinians alongside that of Israel. And U.S. support for it is nothing new: For decades, it has been the primary proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But failed peace talks, logistical questions, expanded Israeli settlements, Palestinian attacks and recurring clashes have kept it from becoming a reality. The two-state solution has seen dwindling support from both Palestinians and Israelis over the years. And its prospects now seem dimmer than ever, in light of Hamas’ attack on Israel and Israel’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dennis Ross, who was the chief U.S. negotiator at the 2000 Camp David summit between Israeli and Palestinian leaders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1207243717/23-years-ago-israelis-and-palestinians-were-talking-about-a-two-state-solution\">told NPR\u003c/a> that as heartbreaking as the situation is in the Middle East right now, eventually “there needs to be a day after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to understand: Israelis aren’t going anyplace, and Palestinians aren’t going anyplace,” Ross said. “Somehow, given that, we have to find a way towards coexistence, and obviously, we’re not there now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where did the two-state solution come from?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is long-running and complex but primarily rooted in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-us-policy-israeli-palestinian-conflict#chapter-title-0-1\">dispute over land\u003c/a> with immense historical and religious significance to Jews and Muslims (as well as Christians).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jewish proponents of the Zionist movement began moving to Ottoman Palestine — which was predominantly Arab — in the late 19th century, seeking safety from European antisemitism in their ancient homeland. Many more followed suit after the Holocaust. [aside postID=news_11965403 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231019-GazaRally-011-BL-qut-1020x680.jpg']Tensions grew between the two groups. Britain — which had governed Palestine since 1922 — referred the issue to the United Nations. The U.N. General Assembly voted in 1947 to divide Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-181\">partition plan\u003c/a> was rejected by the Arab community, in part due to concerns about how much land and access to resources it would get. But the plan was embraced by the Jewish community as legal justification for the establishment of Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/unispal/timeline/#:~:text=MAY%201948%3A%20Great%20Britain%20terminates,Nakba%20(%E2%80%9Ccatastrophe%E2%80%9D).\">declared independence\u003c/a> in May 1948. Five Arab nations \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/arab-israeli-war\">immediately invaded\u003c/a> the new country, prompting a major Israeli offensive and many months of fighting. That resulted in the permanent displacement of thousands of Palestinians, which some refer to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/unispal/about-the-nakba/\">the Nakba\u003c/a>, meaning “catastrophe” in Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another major turning point came in 1967, with Israel’s decisive victory in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War\">Six-Day War\u003c/a> against Egypt, Syria and Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel gained territory \u003ca href=\"https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-1967-six-day-war\">four times its original size\u003c/a>, taking control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those territories have been a major point of contention and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1206720312/biden-israel-palestinians-presidents-mideast-peace\">peace negotiations\u003c/a> ever since. The U.N. \u003ca href=\"https://peacemaker.un.org/middle-east-resolution242\">issued a resolution\u003c/a> in 1967 calling for Israeli troops to withdraw from areas it captured, though the resolution’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-242\">meaning has been disputed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That set up the current occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, which are collectively \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/israel-west-bank-and-gaza/west-bank-and-gaza/#:~:text=Section%20I.-,Religious%20Demography,Gaza%20Strip%20(midyear%202022).\">home to some 5 million Palestinians\u003c/a>. (Israel pulled troops and settlers \u003ca href=\"https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Maps/Pages/Israels%20Disengagement%20Plan-%202005.aspx#:~:text=With%20the%20implementation%20of%20the,settlements%20in%20Samaria%2C%20was%20completed.\">out of Gaza \u003c/a>in 2005, but it’s still considered an occupied territory because the withdrawal was done without any agreement and Israel still \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022\">exerts control\u003c/a> over it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two-state solution was baked into Israel’s creation but didn’t necessarily play out as planned, says Jon Alterman, director of the Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What started off in the U.N.’s mind as a 50-50 split of Mandatory Palestine, after the 1948 war — which was initiated by the Arab armies — it was more than 50 percent for Israel. After 1967, it was 100 percent-plus for Israel,” he says. “And now Israel is, I think, the only country that’s hard to draw on a map.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Has the two-state solution ever come close to reality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. President Bill Clinton brought Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin together in 1993 to negotiate the agreement that came to be known as the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/oslo\">Oslo Accords\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In it, Israel officially recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and a partner in future negotiations, and the PLO renounced terrorism and recognized Israel’s right to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal raised expectations for a two-state solution. But it quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1206720312/biden-israel-palestinians-presidents-mideast-peace\">began to unravel\u003c/a> after a series of events, including a 1994 attack on a mosque in Hebron by an American Jewish settler and Rabin’s assassination in 1995 by an Israeli settler opposed to the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately after the Oslo Accords were signed, Israel enhanced its policy of fragmenting Gaza from the West Bank and East Jerusalem, says Atalia Omer, a professor of religion, conflict and peace studies at the Keough School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre Dame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Israeli settlements continued to proliferate in the West Bank — on occupied land that the Palestinians hoped would be part of their state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has continued in the years since. The population of Israeli settlers in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, grew from 520,000 to more than 700,000 between 2012 and 2022, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/03/human-rights-council-hears-current-israeli-plan-double-settler-population-occupied\">U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Settlements continue to eat into Palestinian spaces,” Omer says. “And over the course of the 30 years since the Oslo Accords — signed in the White House in September 1993 — the settlements completely prevented the possibility of a contiguous sovereign Palestinian state within that two-state framework.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are the other obstacles?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Discussions of a two-state solution center on a number of core issues, as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-us-policy-israeli-palestinian-conflict#chapter-title-0-1\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a> explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is how exactly the borders would be drawn. Most international diplomacy favors Israel reverting to a version of its pre-1967 borders, without a consensus on how that would account for the Palestinians living within those borders or the Jewish Israelis beyond them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel has annexed the whole city of Jerusalem as its capital, while Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of their state — which makes for another logistical question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the major question of Palestinian refugees of the wars of 1948 and 1967. The survivors and their descendants live mostly in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria and claim the right to return to Israel based on a 1948 \u003ca href=\"https://www.unrwa.org/content/resolution-194#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20General%20Assembly,not%20to%20return%20and%20for\">U.N. General Assembly resolution\u003c/a>. Israel views that right to return as a threat to its existence as a Jewish state and believes those refugees should go to the Palestinian state instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security looms large, too. Israel views certain Palestinian militant groups as existential threats — including Hamas, which governs Gaza and whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-39775103\">founding charter\u003c/a> called for the obliteration of Israel — and wants them to disarm. Israel wants to maintain the ability to act in Palestinian areas against security threats. Palestinians want an end to Israel’s military occupation and full control over their own security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides want recognition of their respective states by the other and the international community. Palestinians also want acknowledgment of and redress for their forced displacement, Omer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be a recognition and kind of naming, and then put in place mechanisms to redress — how can Palestinians be compensated for historical injustice they experienced — and then figure out ways of respecting Jewish citizens in the space through principles of equality and democracy,” Omer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where did peace negotiations stand before this war?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There has been little progress since the turn of the millennium. The collapse of the 2000 peace process fueled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second\">Second Intifada\u003c/a>, a major Palestinian uprising in the Israel-occupied Palestinian territories and Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ended in 2005 with some 1,000 Israelis and 3,200 Palestinians dead, along with heightened skepticism of the peace process on both sides. Those feelings seem to have prevailed in the years since, which have been marked by terrorist attacks, military raids, rocket fire, border clashes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-conflict-timeline.html\">other incidents\u003c/a>. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jon Alterman, director, Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies\"]‘As a fundamental proposition, it’s hard to have productive peace talks when no side sees either urgency or necessity to reach an agreement.’[/pullquote]“As a fundamental proposition, it’s hard to have productive peace talks when no side sees either urgency or necessity to reach an agreement,” says Alterman, of the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that from an Israeli perspective, security was improving, Palestinian demands were diminishing and it would be politically divisive to make concessions to them. Palestinians, meanwhile, had a sense that they couldn’t make an agreement with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/24/1189720508/israel-politics-netanyahu-judiciary\">right-wing government\u003c/a> of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and that it wasn’t worth giving up rights when demographics were in their favor in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, support for a two-state solution has shrunk considerably among \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/biden-israel-gaza-hamas-palestine#palestinian-and-israeli-support-for-a-two-state-solution-is-shrinking-polls-show\">both Israelis and Palestinians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/512828/palestinians-lack-faith-biden-two-state-solution.aspx?utm_source=google&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=syndication#:~:text=Generational%20Divide%20on%20the%20Two,Palestinians%20aged%2046%20and%20older.\">Gallup poll\u003c/a> released last week — conducted before Hamas’ attack on Israel — found that just 24% of Palestinians living in the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem supported a two-state solution. That figure is down from 59% in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/26/israelis-have-grown-more-skeptical-of-a-two-state-solution/\">Pew Research Center poll\u003c/a> released in September found that only 35% of Israelis think “a way can be found for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully,” a decline of 15 percentage points since 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A decent number of Israelis and Palestinians have come to conclude that it’s not a solution, that the nature of Israeli behavior, especially in the West Bank, makes a Palestinian state unviable,” says Alterman, noting that many members of the Israeli government want to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/14/875593140/as-israel-vows-annexation-palestinian-leaders-embark-on-risky-form-of-protest\">annex the West Bank \u003c/a>altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it’s too early to say where the current conflict will go, though many Israelis believe Israeli politics are more likely to move to the right than the left in the wake of Hamas’ attack, which killed some 1,400 people in Israel and resulted in more than 220 hostages taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to Israeli officials, I don’t get any sense that part of the strategy is providing a political horizon for Palestinians,” he added, “which is what a peace agreement would ostensibly be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean Israeli citizens aren’t pushing for peace at all. Sally Abed is a member of \u003ca href=\"https://www.standing-together.org/about-us\">Standing Together\u003c/a>, an organization that aims to improve Arab-Jewish relations within Israel, and she’s also a Palestinian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t want to think that we needed to endure such loss, such atrocities here in Israel,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/21/1207763482/peace-activists-in-israel-speak-about-their-hopes-for-the-end-of-war\">she told NPR\u003c/a>. “But maybe now I really hope that from this dark corner, we can have this shift in the paradigm on how we actually look at these wars and how, actually, we look at the Israeli control over Gaza and over the West Bank, and really have a different outlook on what our leadership actually should look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are the alternatives?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are alternatives to a two-state solution — including a one-state solution, a confederation, annexation and maintaining the status quo — at least in theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA725-1.html\">Rand Corp. focus groups\u003c/a> conducted in 2018 and 2019 found that none of those was acceptable to a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, underscoring the deep complexities and emotions involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alterman says one of the biggest challenges for Israelis is balancing the need for a Jewish state and a democratic state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a one-state solution that gives citizenship to all of the natural-born residents of Mandatory Palestine — which includes Gaza and the West Bank — you don’t have a Jewish majority,” he explained. “A substantial line of thought [in Israel] is that it’s more important that Israel be Jewish than democratic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, most Americans — 73% — would choose a democratic over a Jewish Israel, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/americans-opt-for-a-democratic-israel-not-a-jewish-state/\">University of Maryland and Ipsos poll\u003c/a> conducted this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omer is one of many who see the current reality as that of a single state. She points to the exclusionary practices and annexationist policies of the right-wing Netanyahu government, like a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/19/israel-passes-controversial-jewish-nation-state-law\">2018 law that demoted Arabic\u003c/a> as one of Israel’s official languages, and the recent findings of human rights groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/12/956020789/israeli-human-rights-group-says-the-country-pursues-nondemocratic-apartheid-regi\">in and beyond Israel\u003c/a> that its practices toward Palestinians \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/\">amount to apartheid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says some Israeli and Palestinian activists support a one-state solution, but in \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080094/what-are-the-two-state-solution-and-the-one-state-solution\">different formats\u003c/a> and for different reasons. [aside postID=news_11964835 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/231008-Pro-Palestine-March-in-San-Francisco-21-AC-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Some leftists and Palestinians support the creation of a democratic, secular country in which Arab Muslims would outnumber Jews. But some rightists and Israelis would prefer to see Israel annex the West Bank — either forcing out Palestinians or denying them the right to vote — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2020/06/israeli-annexation-parts-palestinian-west-bank-would-break-international-law-un\">which is illegal\u003c/a> under international human rights law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some activists, like the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.alandforall.org/english/?d=ltr\">A Land for All\u003c/a>, argue that solutions based on separation have failed in the past, and they are instead pushing for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alandforall.org/english-program/?d=ltr\">confederal framework\u003c/a>, with two sovereign states sharing the capital of Jerusalem and an open border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omer says there are “historical examples of life together in this space that is not within the paradigm of domination.” She acknowledges that it’s hard to imagine those kinds of possibilities in this moment but says the need for change is clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we can see depends on, also, an expression of how the paradigm that had been there before Oct. 7 is completely collapsing,” she says. “And all these contradictions just cannot be sustained anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The push to establish an independent state for Palestinians alongside that of Israel has long been the primary proposed framework among U.S. leaders for resolving the decades-old conflict.\r\n",
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"description": "The push to establish an independent state for Palestinians alongside that of Israel has long been the primary proposed framework among U.S. leaders for resolving the decades-old conflict.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Israel continues to respond to Hamas’ unprecedented attack on its people, bombarding Gaza and preparing for a ground offensive. Humanitarian groups and some foreign leaders are calling for a cease-fire. But what are the prospects for long-term peace? \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘In our view, it has to be a two-state solution. And that means a concentrated effort for all the parties — Israelis, Palestinians, regional partners, global leaders — to put us on a path toward peace.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>President Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQv_L-NBiNg\">said Wednesday\u003c/a> that there is no going back to the status quo before Oct. 7 — meaning in part that when the crisis is over, there must be a view of what comes next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In our view, it has to be a two-state solution,” he said, \u003ca href=\"https://sv.usembassy.gov/president-bidens-statement-during-his-visit-to-tel-aviv/\">reiterating a comment\u003c/a> he made during his visit to Israel. “And that means a concentrated effort for all the parties — Israelis, Palestinians, regional partners, global leaders — to put us on a path toward peace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two-state solution calls for establishing an independent state for Palestinians alongside that of Israel. And U.S. support for it is nothing new: For decades, it has been the primary proposed framework for resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But failed peace talks, logistical questions, expanded Israeli settlements, Palestinian attacks and recurring clashes have kept it from becoming a reality. The two-state solution has seen dwindling support from both Palestinians and Israelis over the years. And its prospects now seem dimmer than ever, in light of Hamas’ attack on Israel and Israel’s response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dennis Ross, who was the chief U.S. negotiator at the 2000 Camp David summit between Israeli and Palestinian leaders, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1207243717/23-years-ago-israelis-and-palestinians-were-talking-about-a-two-state-solution\">told NPR\u003c/a> that as heartbreaking as the situation is in the Middle East right now, eventually “there needs to be a day after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to understand: Israelis aren’t going anyplace, and Palestinians aren’t going anyplace,” Ross said. “Somehow, given that, we have to find a way towards coexistence, and obviously, we’re not there now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where did the two-state solution come from?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is long-running and complex but primarily rooted in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-us-policy-israeli-palestinian-conflict#chapter-title-0-1\">dispute over land\u003c/a> with immense historical and religious significance to Jews and Muslims (as well as Christians).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jewish proponents of the Zionist movement began moving to Ottoman Palestine — which was predominantly Arab — in the late 19th century, seeking safety from European antisemitism in their ancient homeland. Many more followed suit after the Holocaust. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Tensions grew between the two groups. Britain — which had governed Palestine since 1922 — referred the issue to the United Nations. The U.N. General Assembly voted in 1947 to divide Palestine into two states, one Jewish and one Arab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-181\">partition plan\u003c/a> was rejected by the Arab community, in part due to concerns about how much land and access to resources it would get. But the plan was embraced by the Jewish community as legal justification for the establishment of Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/unispal/timeline/#:~:text=MAY%201948%3A%20Great%20Britain%20terminates,Nakba%20(%E2%80%9Ccatastrophe%E2%80%9D).\">declared independence\u003c/a> in May 1948. Five Arab nations \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/arab-israeli-war\">immediately invaded\u003c/a> the new country, prompting a major Israeli offensive and many months of fighting. That resulted in the permanent displacement of thousands of Palestinians, which some refer to as \u003ca href=\"https://www.un.org/unispal/about-the-nakba/\">the Nakba\u003c/a>, meaning “catastrophe” in Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another major turning point came in 1967, with Israel’s decisive victory in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/Six-Day-War\">Six-Day War\u003c/a> against Egypt, Syria and Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel gained territory \u003ca href=\"https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/the-1967-six-day-war\">four times its original size\u003c/a>, taking control of the Sinai Peninsula, the Golan Heights, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those territories have been a major point of contention and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1206720312/biden-israel-palestinians-presidents-mideast-peace\">peace negotiations\u003c/a> ever since. The U.N. \u003ca href=\"https://peacemaker.un.org/middle-east-resolution242\">issued a resolution\u003c/a> in 1967 calling for Israeli troops to withdraw from areas it captured, though the resolution’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-242\">meaning has been disputed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That set up the current occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, which are collectively \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/israel-west-bank-and-gaza/west-bank-and-gaza/#:~:text=Section%20I.-,Religious%20Demography,Gaza%20Strip%20(midyear%202022).\">home to some 5 million Palestinians\u003c/a>. (Israel pulled troops and settlers \u003ca href=\"https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Maps/Pages/Israels%20Disengagement%20Plan-%202005.aspx#:~:text=With%20the%20implementation%20of%20the,settlements%20in%20Samaria%2C%20was%20completed.\">out of Gaza \u003c/a>in 2005, but it’s still considered an occupied territory because the withdrawal was done without any agreement and Israel still \u003ca href=\"https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022\">exerts control\u003c/a> over it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two-state solution was baked into Israel’s creation but didn’t necessarily play out as planned, says Jon Alterman, director of the Middle East Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What started off in the U.N.’s mind as a 50-50 split of Mandatory Palestine, after the 1948 war — which was initiated by the Arab armies — it was more than 50 percent for Israel. After 1967, it was 100 percent-plus for Israel,” he says. “And now Israel is, I think, the only country that’s hard to draw on a map.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Has the two-state solution ever come close to reality?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. President Bill Clinton brought Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin together in 1993 to negotiate the agreement that came to be known as the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/oslo\">Oslo Accords\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In it, Israel officially recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people and a partner in future negotiations, and the PLO renounced terrorism and recognized Israel’s right to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal raised expectations for a two-state solution. But it quickly \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1206720312/biden-israel-palestinians-presidents-mideast-peace\">began to unravel\u003c/a> after a series of events, including a 1994 attack on a mosque in Hebron by an American Jewish settler and Rabin’s assassination in 1995 by an Israeli settler opposed to the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately after the Oslo Accords were signed, Israel enhanced its policy of fragmenting Gaza from the West Bank and East Jerusalem, says Atalia Omer, a professor of religion, conflict and peace studies at the Keough School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre Dame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Israeli settlements continued to proliferate in the West Bank — on occupied land that the Palestinians hoped would be part of their state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has continued in the years since. The population of Israeli settlers in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, grew from 520,000 to more than 700,000 between 2012 and 2022, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/03/human-rights-council-hears-current-israeli-plan-double-settler-population-occupied\">U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Settlements continue to eat into Palestinian spaces,” Omer says. “And over the course of the 30 years since the Oslo Accords — signed in the White House in September 1993 — the settlements completely prevented the possibility of a contiguous sovereign Palestinian state within that two-state framework.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are the other obstacles?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Discussions of a two-state solution center on a number of core issues, as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-us-policy-israeli-palestinian-conflict#chapter-title-0-1\">Council on Foreign Relations\u003c/a> explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is how exactly the borders would be drawn. Most international diplomacy favors Israel reverting to a version of its pre-1967 borders, without a consensus on how that would account for the Palestinians living within those borders or the Jewish Israelis beyond them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel has annexed the whole city of Jerusalem as its capital, while Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of their state — which makes for another logistical question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the major question of Palestinian refugees of the wars of 1948 and 1967. The survivors and their descendants live mostly in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria and claim the right to return to Israel based on a 1948 \u003ca href=\"https://www.unrwa.org/content/resolution-194#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20General%20Assembly,not%20to%20return%20and%20for\">U.N. General Assembly resolution\u003c/a>. Israel views that right to return as a threat to its existence as a Jewish state and believes those refugees should go to the Palestinian state instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security looms large, too. Israel views certain Palestinian militant groups as existential threats — including Hamas, which governs Gaza and whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-39775103\">founding charter\u003c/a> called for the obliteration of Israel — and wants them to disarm. Israel wants to maintain the ability to act in Palestinian areas against security threats. Palestinians want an end to Israel’s military occupation and full control over their own security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides want recognition of their respective states by the other and the international community. Palestinians also want acknowledgment of and redress for their forced displacement, Omer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be a recognition and kind of naming, and then put in place mechanisms to redress — how can Palestinians be compensated for historical injustice they experienced — and then figure out ways of respecting Jewish citizens in the space through principles of equality and democracy,” Omer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where did peace negotiations stand before this war?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There has been little progress since the turn of the millennium. The collapse of the 2000 peace process fueled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second\">Second Intifada\u003c/a>, a major Palestinian uprising in the Israel-occupied Palestinian territories and Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ended in 2005 with some 1,000 Israelis and 3,200 Palestinians dead, along with heightened skepticism of the peace process on both sides. Those feelings seem to have prevailed in the years since, which have been marked by terrorist attacks, military raids, rocket fire, border clashes and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/israel-gaza-conflict-timeline.html\">other incidents\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“As a fundamental proposition, it’s hard to have productive peace talks when no side sees either urgency or necessity to reach an agreement,” says Alterman, of the Center for Strategic and International Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that from an Israeli perspective, security was improving, Palestinian demands were diminishing and it would be politically divisive to make concessions to them. Palestinians, meanwhile, had a sense that they couldn’t make an agreement with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/24/1189720508/israel-politics-netanyahu-judiciary\">right-wing government\u003c/a> of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and that it wasn’t worth giving up rights when demographics were in their favor in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, support for a two-state solution has shrunk considerably among \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/biden-israel-gaza-hamas-palestine#palestinian-and-israeli-support-for-a-two-state-solution-is-shrinking-polls-show\">both Israelis and Palestinians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/512828/palestinians-lack-faith-biden-two-state-solution.aspx?utm_source=google&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=syndication#:~:text=Generational%20Divide%20on%20the%20Two,Palestinians%20aged%2046%20and%20older.\">Gallup poll\u003c/a> released last week — conducted before Hamas’ attack on Israel — found that just 24% of Palestinians living in the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem supported a two-state solution. That figure is down from 59% in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/26/israelis-have-grown-more-skeptical-of-a-two-state-solution/\">Pew Research Center poll\u003c/a> released in September found that only 35% of Israelis think “a way can be found for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully,” a decline of 15 percentage points since 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A decent number of Israelis and Palestinians have come to conclude that it’s not a solution, that the nature of Israeli behavior, especially in the West Bank, makes a Palestinian state unviable,” says Alterman, noting that many members of the Israeli government want to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/06/14/875593140/as-israel-vows-annexation-palestinian-leaders-embark-on-risky-form-of-protest\">annex the West Bank \u003c/a>altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it’s too early to say where the current conflict will go, though many Israelis believe Israeli politics are more likely to move to the right than the left in the wake of Hamas’ attack, which killed some 1,400 people in Israel and resulted in more than 220 hostages taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to Israeli officials, I don’t get any sense that part of the strategy is providing a political horizon for Palestinians,” he added, “which is what a peace agreement would ostensibly be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t mean Israeli citizens aren’t pushing for peace at all. Sally Abed is a member of \u003ca href=\"https://www.standing-together.org/about-us\">Standing Together\u003c/a>, an organization that aims to improve Arab-Jewish relations within Israel, and she’s also a Palestinian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really don’t want to think that we needed to endure such loss, such atrocities here in Israel,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/21/1207763482/peace-activists-in-israel-speak-about-their-hopes-for-the-end-of-war\">she told NPR\u003c/a>. “But maybe now I really hope that from this dark corner, we can have this shift in the paradigm on how we actually look at these wars and how, actually, we look at the Israeli control over Gaza and over the West Bank, and really have a different outlook on what our leadership actually should look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What are the alternatives?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are alternatives to a two-state solution — including a one-state solution, a confederation, annexation and maintaining the status quo — at least in theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA725-1.html\">Rand Corp. focus groups\u003c/a> conducted in 2018 and 2019 found that none of those was acceptable to a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, underscoring the deep complexities and emotions involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alterman says one of the biggest challenges for Israelis is balancing the need for a Jewish state and a democratic state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a one-state solution that gives citizenship to all of the natural-born residents of Mandatory Palestine — which includes Gaza and the West Bank — you don’t have a Jewish majority,” he explained. “A substantial line of thought [in Israel] is that it’s more important that Israel be Jewish than democratic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, most Americans — 73% — would choose a democratic over a Jewish Israel, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/americans-opt-for-a-democratic-israel-not-a-jewish-state/\">University of Maryland and Ipsos poll\u003c/a> conducted this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omer is one of many who see the current reality as that of a single state. She points to the exclusionary practices and annexationist policies of the right-wing Netanyahu government, like a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/7/19/israel-passes-controversial-jewish-nation-state-law\">2018 law that demoted Arabic\u003c/a> as one of Israel’s official languages, and the recent findings of human rights groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/12/956020789/israeli-human-rights-group-says-the-country-pursues-nondemocratic-apartheid-regi\">in and beyond Israel\u003c/a> that its practices toward Palestinians \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/\">amount to apartheid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says some Israeli and Palestinian activists support a one-state solution, but in \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080094/what-are-the-two-state-solution-and-the-one-state-solution\">different formats\u003c/a> and for different reasons. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some leftists and Palestinians support the creation of a democratic, secular country in which Arab Muslims would outnumber Jews. But some rightists and Israelis would prefer to see Israel annex the West Bank — either forcing out Palestinians or denying them the right to vote — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2020/06/israeli-annexation-parts-palestinian-west-bank-would-break-international-law-un\">which is illegal\u003c/a> under international human rights law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some activists, like the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.alandforall.org/english/?d=ltr\">A Land for All\u003c/a>, argue that solutions based on separation have failed in the past, and they are instead pushing for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.alandforall.org/english-program/?d=ltr\">confederal framework\u003c/a>, with two sovereign states sharing the capital of Jerusalem and an open border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omer says there are “historical examples of life together in this space that is not within the paradigm of domination.” She acknowledges that it’s hard to imagine those kinds of possibilities in this moment but says the need for change is clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we can see depends on, also, an expression of how the paradigm that had been there before Oct. 7 is completely collapsing,” she says. “And all these contradictions just cannot be sustained anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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