window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1338400": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1338400",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1338400",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1338367,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-960x636.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 636
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-375x248.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 248
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung.jpg",
"width": 1396,
"height": 925
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-1020x676.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 676
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-1180x782.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 782
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-800x530.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 530
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-1180x782.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 782
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-768x509.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 509
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Mark-Chung-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1484939740,
"modified": 1484941705,
"caption": "Verdigris founder and CEO Mark Chung shows off the latest version of his energy-sensing system, called “Einstein.” The system can identify wasted electricity and power down energy use when no one is in the building. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Smart Buildings",
"credit": "Verdigris",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1333107": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1333107",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1333107",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1330556,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-520x263.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 263
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-160x81.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 81
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-960x486.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 486
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-375x190.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 190
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA.jpg",
"width": 1508,
"height": 764
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-1020x517.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 517
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-1180x598.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 598
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-800x405.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 405
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-1180x598.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 598
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-768x389.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 389
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/map_NASA_NOAA-240x122.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 122
}
},
"publishDate": 1484764282,
"modified": 1484764405,
"caption": "Worldwide mean temperature for 2016 when compared to the mean global temperature for 1951 - 1980.",
"description": null,
"title": "map_NASA_NOAA",
"credit": "NASA/NOAA",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1302405": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1302405",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1302405",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1299645,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k.jpg",
"width": 2048,
"height": 1536
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1483747828,
"modified": 1483747972,
"caption": "A photo taken at San Francisco's flooded Embarcadero on January 22, 2016 during the seasonal king tides.",
"description": null,
"title": "24436070082_0faf4c33ad_k",
"credit": "Chris Martin/flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1210278": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1210278",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1210278",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1210275,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-520x309.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 309
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-160x95.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 95
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-960x571.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 571
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-375x223.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 223
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-e1482189479667.jpg",
"width": 1689,
"height": 1005
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-1020x607.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 607
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-1180x702.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 702
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-800x476.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 476
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-1180x702.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 702
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-768x457.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 457
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Windturbines-240x143.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 143
}
},
"publishDate": 1480710584,
"modified": 1482189483,
"caption": "Wind turbines outside of San Diego, California.",
"description": null,
"title": "windturbines",
"credit": "Lauren Sommer/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1164295": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1164295",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1164295",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1164175,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-520x234.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 234
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-160x72.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 72
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-960x432.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-375x169.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 169
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 864
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-1020x459.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 459
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-1180x531.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 531
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-800x360.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-1920x864.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 864
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-1180x531.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 531
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-1920x864.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 864
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-768x346.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Lake-Mead-web2-240x108.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 108
}
},
"publishDate": 1479251943,
"modified": 1479251972,
"caption": "Lake Mead, the largest reservoir on the Colorado River, has hit record lows.",
"description": null,
"title": "lake-mead-web2",
"credit": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1016144": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1016144",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1016144",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1016140,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-400x296.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 296
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-960x710.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 710
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape.jpg",
"width": 2304,
"height": 1704
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-1440x1065.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1065
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-800x592.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 592
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-1920x1420.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1420
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-1180x873.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 873
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-768x568.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 568
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Alaska_cliffs_landscape-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1474570940,
"modified": 1474571120,
"caption": "Cape Promontory, Unimak Island, Alaska ",
"description": "Cape Promontory, Unimak Island, Alaska",
"title": "Alaska_cliffs_landscape",
"credit": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife service",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1014531": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1014531",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1014531",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1014529,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-400x222.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 222
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-960x534.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej.jpg",
"width": 2662,
"height": 1480
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-1440x801.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-800x445.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 445
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-1920x1067.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1067
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-1180x656.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 656
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-768x427.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 427
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Brown-sej-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1474516600,
"modified": 1474516644,
"caption": "Governor Jerry Brown speaking at the Society of Environmental Journalists conference.",
"description": null,
"title": "Brown-sej",
"credit": "KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_944018": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_944018",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "944018",
"found": true
},
"parent": 944002,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c.jpg",
"width": 720,
"height": 480
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1472148247,
"modified": 1472148298,
"caption": "Coring at a coral reef of the northwest coast of Australia.",
"description": "Coring at a coral reef of the northwest coast of Australia.",
"title": "8_24_16_Andrea_CC_coralcoring_720_480_s_c1_c_c",
"credit": "Eric Matson/AIMS ",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_884445": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_884445",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "884445",
"found": true
},
"parent": 884418,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k.jpg",
"width": 2048,
"height": 1365
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1469833626,
"modified": 1469833773,
"caption": "The Sand Fire in Santa Clarita.",
"description": null,
"title": "28213236340_5a1b0430b6_k",
"credit": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmgill/28213236340/in/photolist-Kstmvm-JwGj9y-KtbGHn-Jvz38q-KqrdBa-JZ7dej-KhayK2/\">Kevin Gill/flickr\u003c/a>",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_863271": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_863271",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "863271",
"found": true
},
"parent": 863270,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-400x271.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 271
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-960x649.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 649
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c.jpg",
"width": 1484,
"height": 1004
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-1440x974.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 974
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-800x541.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 541
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-1180x798.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 798
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-768x520.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 520
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1469050528,
"modified": 1469050998,
"caption": " arborist Jim Clark inches up a giant sequoia to collect new growth from its canopy in the southern Sierra Nevada near Camp Nelson, Calif.",
"description": " arborist Jim Clark inches up a giant sequoia to collect new growth from its canopy in the southern Sierra Nevada near Camp Nelson, Calif.",
"title": "APTOPIXCloningGiantTrees-bc52c",
"credit": "Scott Smith/AP",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_619601": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_619601",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "619601",
"found": true
},
"parent": 619596,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2000
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459878126,
"modified": 1459878220,
"caption": "Emlyn Louis, MD speaks with Julia Herrera at the Broward Community & Family Health Center in Pompano Beach, Florida. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Government Recovery Act Funds South Florida Low-Income Health Clinics",
"credit": "Joe Raedle/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_604987": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_604987",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "604987",
"found": true
},
"parent": 604976,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1038x576.jpeg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-400x267.jpeg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-960x640.jpeg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-672x372.jpeg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res.jpeg",
"width": 5760,
"height": 3840
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1440x960.jpeg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-96x96.jpeg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-800x533.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-64x64.jpeg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-32x32.jpeg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1920x1280.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1180x787.jpeg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-75x75.jpeg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-768x512.jpeg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-128x128.jpeg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459271059,
"modified": 1459271119,
"caption": "This photograph from a March 27, 2015 NASA IceBridge flight shows a mixture of deformed, snow-covered, first-year sea ice floes, interspersed by open-water leads, brash ice and thin, snow-free nilas and young sea ice over the East Beaufort Sea. Nilas are thin sheets of smooth, level ice less than 10 centimeters (4 inches) thick and appear darkest when thin. ",
"description": null,
"title": "sea ice high res",
"credit": "NASA/Operation Ice Bridge.",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1338367": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1338367",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1338367",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Jason Margolis\u003cbr>The World\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1164175": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1164175",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1164175",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/laurensommer/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, KQED and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpr.org/news/profile/grace-hood\" target=\"_blank\">Grace Hood\u003c/a>, CPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1016140": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1016140",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1016140",
"name": "Brian Kahn \u003c/br> Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_944002": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_944002",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_944002",
"name": "Andrea Thompson\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_884418": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_884418",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_884418",
"name": "Bobby Magill\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_863270": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_863270",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_863270",
"name": "Scott Smith/AP",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_619596": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_619596",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_619596",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/content/seth-borenstein\" target=\"_blank\">Seth Borenstein\u003c/a>,\u003c/br> \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_604976": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_604976",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_604976",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>,Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_tag_climate-change": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"score": 7.946677
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "climate change",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 49
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?tag=climate-change",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 49
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1338367": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1338367",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1338367",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1485273612000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1485273612,
"format": "audio",
"title": "California Startup Saves Companies Millions and Combats Climate Change",
"headTitle": "California Startup Saves Companies Millions and Combats Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Seven years ago, Sunnyvale resident Mark Chung took a three-week vacation. When he came home, his electricity bill looked more than a little off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally my energy bill is about $100 to $130,” says Chung. “This one was like $560.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he called PG&E and told them: ‘There’s something wrong with my meter.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mFMkHBlApPg1CkZuc6y25ZSWTCmuQ6nF”]“And they’re like, ‘Oh, no, we’ve had these smart meters rolled out for a few years now. Everything is fine.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His response: “Well, can you tell where I spent the electricity?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility’s response: “On your house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not the most helpful answer, Chung says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chung was trained as an electrical engineer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford University\u003c/a>, so he did what any engineer might: He went to Home Depot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I bought these kilowatt meters that they had on the shelves, they’re like $10,” says Chung. “We hacked them to be Wi-Fi enabled, then I plugged them throughout my house. And I couldn’t find anything that was an anomaly. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chung took the project to the next level and built an electrical map to monitor every appliance, every piece of machinery, every light in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he found the problem: a broken pool pump that was spinning inefficiently, using too much energy. Problem solved. And business idea hatched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spent a lot of time thinking about wanting to do something,” says Chung. “I always thought technology was cool, I can build greater, cooler things. But I want to use it in a way that can help people, help humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For manufacturers like Jabil, that has 100+ factories, Verdigris’ sensors could save the company millions of dollars.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Chung reasoned, if he could map his house, why couldn’t he scale things up and map a factory or a hotel that uses A LOT of energy. So, Chung left his day job and launched a company he named \u003ca href=\"http://verdigris.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verdigris\u003c/a>. NASA was one of his early backers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case you’re wondering, Chung named his company after a color. Verdigris is\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the bluish-green patina that forms on copper that’s left outside. Think: old French buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Copper is the elemental infrastructure of every single building in the world,” says Chung, “what all of our electricity runs on. And what we have as a company mission is this desire to expose that to the world and make it green.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To head off the worst impacts of climate change, which requires holding the global temperature rise to less than 2 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf\">scientists warn that we need to cut global carbon emissions\u003c/a> by 40 to 70 percent by mid-century. There are two basic ways to get there: replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. And/or, we can use a lot less energy. Verdigris focuses on that second solution by making buildings smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Millions of Dollars in Energy Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chung found factories around the world willing to invest in the technology. In Scotland, about 15 miles west of Edinburgh in the city of Livingston, the company \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabil.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jabil\u003c/a> is using the Verdigris system in \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabil.com/globalassets/documents/livingston-fact-sheet-2014.pdf\">its 125,000-square-foot factory\u003c/a>. Jabil is a worldwide company that builds electronics parts, the stuff that goes inside your brand-name radios, TVs, and computers. (Jabil is also an investor in Verdigris.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The factory’s facilities supervisor, Robbie Graham, opens an electrical panel box with dozens of wires. Each wire has a small clamp around it that can measure the flow of current around 8,000 times a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1338486\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1338486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Sensors can measure the electrical output of machinery at the Jabil factory in Scotland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sensors can measure the electrical output of machinery at the Jabil factory in Scotland. \u003ccite>(Aaron Lubarsky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Graham knows exactly which wire goes to which piece of machinery. “These wires go to my air handling units on the roof,” he says, pointing at one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up on the roof, Neil O’Loughlin, Jabil’s facilities lead in Scotland, picks up the tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look,” he says, “you’re getting to see the sun. We couldn’t have gotten it any better, to be fair.” (Seeing the sun is a big deal during the Scottish winter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, the roof is littered with massive fans that circulate air through the building. The clamps around the wires downstairs collect information about these fans—how much electricity each of these units use—then sends that data to the cloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Verdigris was installed, O’Loughlin says, they would have had no idea whether one of the fans was pulling down too much electricity, much less which one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, you’re able to actually see which one is maybe being driven harder than the rest, and why,” he says. “So we start to ask questions. Verdigris is never going to hand you the answer. It’s part of a detective story, to some degree, where you got to go and take the clues that it gives you, and you have to go and find out what that is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system quickly identified an industrial-sized air conditioner that was using too much power. They fixed it and saved a lot of wasted energy. In another case, O’Loughlin says Verdigris showed big spikes in energy use in the middle of the night. He figured out that security guards were flipping on all the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s 300-odd lights that needed to be switched on just to do a walk around,” says O’Loughlin. “Whereas with smart lighting controls, we can say, well actually we’re only going to bring them up 50 percent so they’re going to use half the energy. And we only need to bring on certain lights, only bring on 30 percent of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put another way: Lots of little changes add up to big savings. Quickly. With Verdigris installed, the factory was able to cut its monthly electricity bill by 20 percent, saving the company thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verdigris can also use artificial intelligence to automatically phase out inefficient appliances, dial them down when nobody is in the building, or even predict when one is about to go kaput.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal at Jabil’s Scottish factory: eventually cut energy use by 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Stopping Companies From Monitoring Energy Use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a growing number of companies like Verdigris offering products that monitor how buildings use energy. So, here’s a question: Why isn’t every hotel, factory and hotel using this technology—like, yesterday?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s organizational, psychological and political,” says John Sterman with MIT’s \u003ca href=\"http://mitsloan.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sloan School of Management\u003c/a>. “It’s not economics and it’s not technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterman stresses that investing in energy-efficient buildings is the cheapest, fastest way to cut our energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. But many businesses are reluctant to spend the money to fix what isn’t yet broken. Systems, like Verdigris, can identify problems like wasteful air conditioners, but then building owners have to pay big bucks to replace the appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to new technologies, Sterman says, many business administrators ask this question: Who else is doing this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And of course, at the beginning, not very many,” he says. “So people are not willing to experiment, or, as they see it, take a lot of risk until they are sure there are lots of other folks who have done it. And that creates a barrier, a tipping point you have to get over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopping back to Silicon Valley, I ask Mark Chung: Let’s say I own a 20,000 square-foot factory. Convince me to pay you a monthly fee to monitor my energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“20,000-square-foot factory, OK, I’m just doing a back of the envelope calculation,” Chung says. “It’s probably going to be roughly a few hundred bucks a month, but you’ll probably save easily 10 times that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s repeat that, spend a few hundred bucks a month to save a few thousand. For a hospital, those savings could translate into hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. For a company like Jabil, with more than 100 factories worldwide, savings could be in the tens of millions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now translate those cost savings into energy savings across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Buildings consume about two-thirds of the world’s electricity,” says Chung, “and half of that is wasted. And that is probably about 15 to 20 percent of greenhouse carbon emissions today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verdigris is still a new enterprise, approaching its first 100 clients. Chung says when the business really takes off, he wants to give away his technology to homeowners for free.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1540,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 44
},
"modified": 1704929160,
"excerpt": "Sunnyvale resident Mark Chung came home from vacation to a huge energy bill. Figuring out what happened gave him an idea for combating climate change.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Sunnyvale resident Mark Chung came home from vacation to a huge energy bill. Figuring out what happened gave him an idea for combating climate change.",
"title": "California Startup Saves Companies Millions and Combats Climate Change | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Startup Saves Companies Millions and Combats Climate Change",
"datePublished": "2017-01-24T08:00:12-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:26:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-startup-saves-companies-millions-and-combats-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/01/WEBSmartBuildingsMargolis170123.mp3",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Jason Margolis\u003cbr>The World\u003c/strong>",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1338367/california-startup-saves-companies-millions-and-combats-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Seven years ago, Sunnyvale resident Mark Chung took a three-week vacation. When he came home, his electricity bill looked more than a little off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally my energy bill is about $100 to $130,” says Chung. “This one was like $560.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he called PG&E and told them: ‘There’s something wrong with my meter.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“And they’re like, ‘Oh, no, we’ve had these smart meters rolled out for a few years now. Everything is fine.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His response: “Well, can you tell where I spent the electricity?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility’s response: “On your house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not the most helpful answer, Chung says, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chung was trained as an electrical engineer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford University\u003c/a>, so he did what any engineer might: He went to Home Depot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I bought these kilowatt meters that they had on the shelves, they’re like $10,” says Chung. “We hacked them to be Wi-Fi enabled, then I plugged them throughout my house. And I couldn’t find anything that was an anomaly. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chung took the project to the next level and built an electrical map to monitor every appliance, every piece of machinery, every light in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he found the problem: a broken pool pump that was spinning inefficiently, using too much energy. Problem solved. And business idea hatched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spent a lot of time thinking about wanting to do something,” says Chung. “I always thought technology was cool, I can build greater, cooler things. But I want to use it in a way that can help people, help humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">For manufacturers like Jabil, that has 100+ factories, Verdigris’ sensors could save the company millions of dollars.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Chung reasoned, if he could map his house, why couldn’t he scale things up and map a factory or a hotel that uses A LOT of energy. So, Chung left his day job and launched a company he named \u003ca href=\"http://verdigris.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verdigris\u003c/a>. NASA was one of his early backers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case you’re wondering, Chung named his company after a color. Verdigris is\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>the bluish-green patina that forms on copper that’s left outside. Think: old French buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Copper is the elemental infrastructure of every single building in the world,” says Chung, “what all of our electricity runs on. And what we have as a company mission is this desire to expose that to the world and make it green.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To head off the worst impacts of climate change, which requires holding the global temperature rise to less than 2 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/wg1/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf\">scientists warn that we need to cut global carbon emissions\u003c/a> by 40 to 70 percent by mid-century. There are two basic ways to get there: replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. And/or, we can use a lot less energy. Verdigris focuses on that second solution by making buildings smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Millions of Dollars in Energy Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chung found factories around the world willing to invest in the technology. In Scotland, about 15 miles west of Edinburgh in the city of Livingston, the company \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabil.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jabil\u003c/a> is using the Verdigris system in \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabil.com/globalassets/documents/livingston-fact-sheet-2014.pdf\">its 125,000-square-foot factory\u003c/a>. Jabil is a worldwide company that builds electronics parts, the stuff that goes inside your brand-name radios, TVs, and computers. (Jabil is also an investor in Verdigris.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The factory’s facilities supervisor, Robbie Graham, opens an electrical panel box with dozens of wires. Each wire has a small clamp around it that can measure the flow of current around 8,000 times a second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1338486\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1338486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Sensors can measure the electrical output of machinery at the Jabil factory in Scotland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/FACTORY_TOUR_CLAMPS-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sensors can measure the electrical output of machinery at the Jabil factory in Scotland. \u003ccite>(Aaron Lubarsky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Graham knows exactly which wire goes to which piece of machinery. “These wires go to my air handling units on the roof,” he says, pointing at one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up on the roof, Neil O’Loughlin, Jabil’s facilities lead in Scotland, picks up the tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look,” he says, “you’re getting to see the sun. We couldn’t have gotten it any better, to be fair.” (Seeing the sun is a big deal during the Scottish winter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyway, the roof is littered with massive fans that circulate air through the building. The clamps around the wires downstairs collect information about these fans—how much electricity each of these units use—then sends that data to the cloud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Verdigris was installed, O’Loughlin says, they would have had no idea whether one of the fans was pulling down too much electricity, much less which one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, you’re able to actually see which one is maybe being driven harder than the rest, and why,” he says. “So we start to ask questions. Verdigris is never going to hand you the answer. It’s part of a detective story, to some degree, where you got to go and take the clues that it gives you, and you have to go and find out what that is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system quickly identified an industrial-sized air conditioner that was using too much power. They fixed it and saved a lot of wasted energy. In another case, O’Loughlin says Verdigris showed big spikes in energy use in the middle of the night. He figured out that security guards were flipping on all the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s 300-odd lights that needed to be switched on just to do a walk around,” says O’Loughlin. “Whereas with smart lighting controls, we can say, well actually we’re only going to bring them up 50 percent so they’re going to use half the energy. And we only need to bring on certain lights, only bring on 30 percent of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put another way: Lots of little changes add up to big savings. Quickly. With Verdigris installed, the factory was able to cut its monthly electricity bill by 20 percent, saving the company thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verdigris can also use artificial intelligence to automatically phase out inefficient appliances, dial them down when nobody is in the building, or even predict when one is about to go kaput.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal at Jabil’s Scottish factory: eventually cut energy use by 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Stopping Companies From Monitoring Energy Use?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a growing number of companies like Verdigris offering products that monitor how buildings use energy. So, here’s a question: Why isn’t every hotel, factory and hotel using this technology—like, yesterday?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s organizational, psychological and political,” says John Sterman with MIT’s \u003ca href=\"http://mitsloan.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sloan School of Management\u003c/a>. “It’s not economics and it’s not technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterman stresses that investing in energy-efficient buildings is the cheapest, fastest way to cut our energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. But many businesses are reluctant to spend the money to fix what isn’t yet broken. Systems, like Verdigris, can identify problems like wasteful air conditioners, but then building owners have to pay big bucks to replace the appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to new technologies, Sterman says, many business administrators ask this question: Who else is doing this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And of course, at the beginning, not very many,” he says. “So people are not willing to experiment, or, as they see it, take a lot of risk until they are sure there are lots of other folks who have done it. And that creates a barrier, a tipping point you have to get over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopping back to Silicon Valley, I ask Mark Chung: Let’s say I own a 20,000 square-foot factory. Convince me to pay you a monthly fee to monitor my energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“20,000-square-foot factory, OK, I’m just doing a back of the envelope calculation,” Chung says. “It’s probably going to be roughly a few hundred bucks a month, but you’ll probably save easily 10 times that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s repeat that, spend a few hundred bucks a month to save a few thousand. For a hospital, those savings could translate into hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. For a company like Jabil, with more than 100 factories worldwide, savings could be in the tens of millions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now translate those cost savings into energy savings across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Buildings consume about two-thirds of the world’s electricity,” says Chung, “and half of that is wasted. And that is probably about 15 to 20 percent of greenhouse carbon emissions today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verdigris is still a new enterprise, approaching its first 100 clients. Chung says when the business really takes off, he wants to give away his technology to homeowners for free.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1338367/california-startup-saves-companies-millions-and-combats-climate-change",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1338367"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1627",
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_1338400",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1330556": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1330556",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1330556",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1484762855000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1484762855,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Global Warming Drives Record Heat For Third Straight Year",
"headTitle": "Global Warming Drives Record Heat For Third Straight Year | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For three years in a row now, our Earth has experienced record high temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a> announced that globally, 2016 was the hottest year since modern record keeping began in 1880. It follows 2015 and 2014, which were the previous highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The top five hottest years have all been in the 21st century.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The 2016 average global temperature was 58.69 degrees—0.07 degrees above the 2015 global average. And the difference is even bigger when compared to the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During 2016, the average global temperature was \u003ca id=\"anch_36\" title=\"bar chart of the global temperature time series from 1880 through 2016\" href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/service/global/global-land-ocean-mntp-anom/201601-201612.png\">1.69°F above \u003c/a>the 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several places also reported historic high temperatures. New Zealand, India and the Arctic all experienced record warm years in 2016. For the U.S., 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/news/2016-was-2nd-warmest-year-on-record-for-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second warmest year\u003c/a> on record. In California, 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/us/4/0/tavg/ytd/12/1900-2016?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1901&lastbaseyear=2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">third warmest on record\u003c/a> at 2.8°F above the mean of 57.4°F.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say no land areas were cooler than average during 2016. And the top five hottest years—2016, 2015, 2014, 2010 and 2005—all happened in the current century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the warming is due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere. Only about 10 percent, during 2016, was attributable to El Niño, according to the scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, many nations have set a goal of keeping temperatures from rising 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, to stave off the worst effects of climate change including floods, droughts, storms, and heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How quickly we get to 1.5, that’s really a question of how much carbon we keep emitting,” says Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.giss.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Institute for Space Studies\u003c/a>. “We’re closer than we’d like to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now we’re only .4 degrees away, \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-record-globally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to NASA\u003c/a>. The Earth’s average global temperature has risen about 1.1 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for 2017—it’ll be another warm one. Schmidt says because of La Niña it’ll likely be cooler than 2016. But he predicts 2017 will still make the top five in terms of record-breaking global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 397,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704929182,
"excerpt": "2016 was the hottest year ever recorded since modern record keeping began in 1880",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "2016 was the hottest year ever recorded since modern record keeping began in 1880",
"title": "Global Warming Drives Record Heat For Third Straight Year | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Global Warming Drives Record Heat For Third Straight Year",
"datePublished": "2017-01-18T10:07:35-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:26:22-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "global-warming-drives-record-heat-for-third-straight-year",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1330556/global-warming-drives-record-heat-for-third-straight-year",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For three years in a row now, our Earth has experienced record high temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a> announced that globally, 2016 was the hottest year since modern record keeping began in 1880. It follows 2015 and 2014, which were the previous highs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The top five hottest years have all been in the 21st century.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The 2016 average global temperature was 58.69 degrees—0.07 degrees above the 2015 global average. And the difference is even bigger when compared to the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During 2016, the average global temperature was \u003ca id=\"anch_36\" title=\"bar chart of the global temperature time series from 1880 through 2016\" href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/service/global/global-land-ocean-mntp-anom/201601-201612.png\">1.69°F above \u003c/a>the 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several places also reported historic high temperatures. New Zealand, India and the Arctic all experienced record warm years in 2016. For the U.S., 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/news/2016-was-2nd-warmest-year-on-record-for-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second warmest year\u003c/a> on record. In California, 2016 was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/time-series/us/4/0/tavg/ytd/12/1900-2016?base_prd=true&firstbaseyear=1901&lastbaseyear=2000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">third warmest on record\u003c/a> at 2.8°F above the mean of 57.4°F.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say no land areas were cooler than average during 2016. And the top five hottest years—2016, 2015, 2014, 2010 and 2005—all happened in the current century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the warming is due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that trap heat in the atmosphere. Only about 10 percent, during 2016, was attributable to El Niño, according to the scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, many nations have set a goal of keeping temperatures from rising 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, to stave off the worst effects of climate change including floods, droughts, storms, and heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How quickly we get to 1.5, that’s really a question of how much carbon we keep emitting,” says Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.giss.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Goddard Institute for Space Studies\u003c/a>. “We’re closer than we’d like to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now we’re only .4 degrees away, \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/nasa-noaa-data-show-2016-warmest-year-record-globally\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to NASA\u003c/a>. The Earth’s average global temperature has risen about 1.1 degrees Celsius since the late 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for 2017—it’ll be another warm one. Schmidt says because of La Niña it’ll likely be cooler than 2016. But he predicts 2017 will still make the top five in terms of record-breaking global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1330556/global-warming-drives-record-heat-for-third-straight-year",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_5175",
"science_5182"
],
"featImg": "science_1333107",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1299645": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1299645",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1299645",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1483976689000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1483976689,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Why Climate Change Continues to Be a Tough Sell",
"headTitle": "Why Climate Change Continues to Be a Tough Sell | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>So, 2016 goes down in the books as the warmest year on record, globally. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/04/noaa-challenged-the-global-warming-pause-now-new-research-says-the-agency-was-right/?utm_term=.21202c1bf357\">new report affirms\u003c/a> that a “pause” in global warming, often cited by climate science contrarians, never happened. So that should settle this climate thing once and for all, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wrong,” seems to be the view of many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of how people make up their minds about climate change turns out to be complicated, which helps explain figures due to be released next week by Yale and George Mason Universities as part of the ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/projects/global-warmings-six-americas/\">Six Americas study\u003c/a> of climate attitudes. The project’s most recent survey shows that while seven in 10 U.S. adults believe that the planet is heating up, only about half (53 percent) will concede that human activity is driving it, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to that effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ideally objective when we think and decide, but that isn’t what we actually do,” Ohio State University decision sciences expert Ellen Peters \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/whats-the-best-way-to-convince-a-climate-change-denier/\">told NPR’s Science Friday\u003c/a>. In matters as potentially disruptive as the course of the climate, “We tend to seek out, interpret and weigh information according to what we wanted to believe ahead of time,” said Peters. That would apply, of course, to those on both sides of the argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a nut that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateaccountability.org/pdf/Oreskes%20Jul13.pdf\">Naomi Oreskes\u003c/a> has been trying to crack for more than a decade. One of the nation’s most notable science historians, Oreskes has written extensively about the tactics of climate science deniers and their motives. In December, the Commonwealth Club of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://climateone.org/\">Climate One\u003c/a> program gave Oreskes its annual Stephen H. Schneider Award for achievement in climate science communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, Oreskes and co-author Erik Conway wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/\">Merchants of Doubt\u003c/a>, which detailed how the fossil fuel industry co-opted scientists and bankrolled “disinformation” campaigns to counter warnings about global warming and hamstring government efforts to engage on the climate front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oreskes agrees that the disinclination to accept climate science can be traced to more than a corporate conspiracy. Other factors in the complex matrix of climate attitudes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Government is the Problem”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impulse to reject climate science goes to the heart of American culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a long history of being suspicious about government,” says Oreskes, and for better or worse, the most meaningful countermeasures to climate change require some level of government intervention, such as regulating and taxing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our version of it dates to Ronald Reagan (“Government is the problem”) but it’s a really deep element in American society if you think about it. Our government was set up so that the federal government would be weak, so that it wouldn’t concentrate too much power in Washington D.C.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ask Not What You Can Do for Your Country\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Americans have also come to see potential climate solutions as a threat to their lifestyle. A survey by the Pew Research Center last summer found that six in 10 Americans believed they’d have to make “major changes to their way of life” to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also sort of the idea that the American way of life is a life of plenty,” says Oreskes. “Many people, if you try to talk to them about climate change, what they hear you saying is, ‘You’re a bad person—the way you live is bad,'” explains Oreskes. “You’re doing this terrible thing which is going to kill people in Bangladesh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oreskes cautions against using the “language of sacrifice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key challenge for us is to figure out how we shift our energy systems in ways that protect our prosperity rather than ways that cause us to be poor,” she says. “And this is really crucial because a lot of people want to imply that if we do something about climate change, it’s going to cost us a ton of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often held up as proof to the contrary is California, which has seen its economy grow steadily despite having the nation’s most aggressive policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blame it on the Media\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why not? We deserve it. After all, \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/10/19/13342250/presidential-debates-climate-change\">not a single question\u003c/a> about climate was raised throughout the series of televised presidential debates during the 2016 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is fundamentally a climate silence in America today,” says Ed Maibach, who directs the George Mason half of the Six Americas project. He says most respondents to their surveys say they “rarely hear about it in the media,” nor do they often hear people discussing climate or have conversations about it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an all-hands-on-deck situation,” says Maibach. “We need all voices in America talking about climate change and throwing their support behind climate solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 857,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1704929215,
"excerpt": "Why do nearly half of Americans still doubt the science? Researchers who study the question weigh in on the underlying fears and perceptions.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Why do nearly half of Americans still doubt the science? Researchers who study the question weigh in on the underlying fears and perceptions.",
"title": "Why Climate Change Continues to Be a Tough Sell | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Why Climate Change Continues to Be a Tough Sell",
"datePublished": "2017-01-09T07:44:49-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:26:55-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-climate-change-continues-to-be-a-tough-sell",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/01/ScienceUnderSiegeWEBAudioMiller170109.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1299645/why-climate-change-continues-to-be-a-tough-sell",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>So, 2016 goes down in the books as the warmest year on record, globally. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/04/noaa-challenged-the-global-warming-pause-now-new-research-says-the-agency-was-right/?utm_term=.21202c1bf357\">new report affirms\u003c/a> that a “pause” in global warming, often cited by climate science contrarians, never happened. So that should settle this climate thing once and for all, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wrong,” seems to be the view of many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of how people make up their minds about climate change turns out to be complicated, which helps explain figures due to be released next week by Yale and George Mason Universities as part of the ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/projects/global-warmings-six-americas/\">Six Americas study\u003c/a> of climate attitudes. The project’s most recent survey shows that while seven in 10 U.S. adults believe that the planet is heating up, only about half (53 percent) will concede that human activity is driving it, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to that effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ideally objective when we think and decide, but that isn’t what we actually do,” Ohio State University decision sciences expert Ellen Peters \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/whats-the-best-way-to-convince-a-climate-change-denier/\">told NPR’s Science Friday\u003c/a>. In matters as potentially disruptive as the course of the climate, “We tend to seek out, interpret and weigh information according to what we wanted to believe ahead of time,” said Peters. That would apply, of course, to those on both sides of the argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a nut that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateaccountability.org/pdf/Oreskes%20Jul13.pdf\">Naomi Oreskes\u003c/a> has been trying to crack for more than a decade. One of the nation’s most notable science historians, Oreskes has written extensively about the tactics of climate science deniers and their motives. In December, the Commonwealth Club of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://climateone.org/\">Climate One\u003c/a> program gave Oreskes its annual Stephen H. Schneider Award for achievement in climate science communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, Oreskes and co-author Erik Conway wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/\">Merchants of Doubt\u003c/a>, which detailed how the fossil fuel industry co-opted scientists and bankrolled “disinformation” campaigns to counter warnings about global warming and hamstring government efforts to engage on the climate front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oreskes agrees that the disinclination to accept climate science can be traced to more than a corporate conspiracy. Other factors in the complex matrix of climate attitudes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Government is the Problem”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impulse to reject climate science goes to the heart of American culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a long history of being suspicious about government,” says Oreskes, and for better or worse, the most meaningful countermeasures to climate change require some level of government intervention, such as regulating and taxing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our version of it dates to Ronald Reagan (“Government is the problem”) but it’s a really deep element in American society if you think about it. Our government was set up so that the federal government would be weak, so that it wouldn’t concentrate too much power in Washington D.C.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ask Not What You Can Do for Your Country\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Americans have also come to see potential climate solutions as a threat to their lifestyle. A survey by the Pew Research Center last summer found that six in 10 Americans believed they’d have to make “major changes to their way of life” to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also sort of the idea that the American way of life is a life of plenty,” says Oreskes. “Many people, if you try to talk to them about climate change, what they hear you saying is, ‘You’re a bad person—the way you live is bad,'” explains Oreskes. “You’re doing this terrible thing which is going to kill people in Bangladesh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oreskes cautions against using the “language of sacrifice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key challenge for us is to figure out how we shift our energy systems in ways that protect our prosperity rather than ways that cause us to be poor,” she says. “And this is really crucial because a lot of people want to imply that if we do something about climate change, it’s going to cost us a ton of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often held up as proof to the contrary is California, which has seen its economy grow steadily despite having the nation’s most aggressive policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blame it on the Media\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why not? We deserve it. After all, \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/10/19/13342250/presidential-debates-climate-change\">not a single question\u003c/a> about climate was raised throughout the series of televised presidential debates during the 2016 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is fundamentally a climate silence in America today,” says Ed Maibach, who directs the George Mason half of the Six Americas project. He says most respondents to their surveys say they “rarely hear about it in the media,” nor do they often hear people discussing climate or have conversations about it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an all-hands-on-deck situation,” says Maibach. “We need all voices in America talking about climate change and throwing their support behind climate solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1299645/why-climate-change-continues-to-be-a-tough-sell",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_32",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3253"
],
"featImg": "science_1302405",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1210275": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1210275",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1210275",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1480951842000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-renewable-energy-companies-arent-so-scared-of-trump",
"title": "Renewable Energy Can Flourish Despite Trump",
"publishDate": 1480951842,
"format": "audio",
"headTitle": "Renewable Energy Can Flourish Despite Trump | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>President-Elect Donald Trump has made clear his support for fossil fuels, which scientists have determined are a leading contributor to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump went as far as promising a triumphant comeback for coal, which produces the most greenhouse gases of all. Meanwhile renewable energy sources got mixed reviews from the candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know a lot about solar,” Trump said at a Fresno campaign rally over the summer. “I love solar, except there’s a problem with it. It’s got a lot of problems with it. One problem is it’s so expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds like enough to make any solar company executive break out in a sweat, but the mood in some executive suites is surprisingly buoyant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dan Kammen, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” says Michael Wheeler of Recurrent Energy, a San Francisco-based solar company. “We’re feeling as though we’re going to be okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: Wheeler says Trump’s perception of the cost is hopelessly out of date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who thinks that solar is expensive at the utility scale right now hasn’t seen the latest,” he says. “Solar’s price, because it’s a technology, will continue to go lower and lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Upside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power from big solar projects is \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/09/30/price-of-solar-energy-in-the-united-states-has-fallen-to-5%C2%A2kwh-on-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 70 percent cheaper\u003c/a> today than it was a decade ago. The cost of wind power has also come down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means, in some places, the price of the power they produce is competitive with fossil fuels like natural gas. Some electric utilities are choosing renewables based on cost alone, even in red states like Texas and Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clean energy is not a niche product anymore,” Wheeler says.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1210283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1059px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1210283 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg\" alt=\"The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California.\" width=\"1059\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg 1059w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-800x471.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-960x566.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-375x221.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-520x306.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1059px) 100vw, 1059px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California. \u003ccite>(Recurrent Energy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration could also open more public land for development, something cheered by oil and gas companies and opposed by many environmentalists. But renewable energy companies also stand to gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a place where we think we could do even better under a Trump administration,” Wheeler says. “We’ve had a very difficult time building solar on public lands under the Obama Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state and federal agencies \u003ca href=\"http://largely%20end%20wind%20energy%20development%20in%20California\">unveiled a recent plan\u003c/a> prioritizing federal lands for renewables in California, the wind energy industry’s trade association said restrictions in the plan would “largely end wind energy development in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Downside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some other clouds in the forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies rely on longstanding tax credits, which were extended in Congress last December, after a lengthy struggle. The 30 percent Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) will expire at the end of 2019, when it starts ramping down eventually to 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nBhyhpsAqwZDFdglnpNrbMhgjZCX8FOc”]“The legislation is one of the greatest investments in renewable energy in American history,” said Senator Harry Reid upon passing the credit extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Trump Administration allows those credits to dry up, which could take several years, demand for solar and wind could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly there would be a different forecast for price projection, but it’s not so significant that the market would crater,” Wheeler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second potential downer for renewable energy: Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/11/11/trump-has-vowed-to-kill-the-clean-power-plan-heres-how-he-might-and-might-not-succeed/?utm_term=.97d4f9822d22\">vowed to shelve\u003c/a> one of the keystones in Obama’s climate change policy, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/fact-sheet-overview-clean-power-plan\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, under which states would have to move away from coal power. Wheeler says that would have quadrupled the market for renewables.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-9OlGJ\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9OlGJ/8/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" align=\"right\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not depending upon it but to have that be messaged as being dead was pretty heart-wrenching,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>States Drive the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical,” said Dan Kammen, professor of energy at UC Berkeley. He says, sometimes, a hostile White House can actually energize regional efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just like under President George Bush, we saw tremendous action at the state level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is all in on renewables. State law requires \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps_homepage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent renewable energy\u003c/a> by 2030 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx\">twenty-eight other states\u003c/a> have their own targets, known as Renewable Portfolio Standards. That means the renewable energy market has momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An administration can dramatically put its finger on the scale and accelerate that or they can hold it back,” Kammen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, worldwide demand is growing. Kammen just returned from Dubai, where a new solar farm is expected to break the record for lowest cost, a sign to him the solar industry can stand on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the MC Hammer of energy projects,” Kammen says. “Can’t touch this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Trump's campaign rhetoric cast a dark cloud over solar and wind development -- but market forces and state commitments could maintain momentum for renewable energy.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1725578305,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"iframeSrcs": [
"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9OlGJ/8/"
],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 31,
"wordCount": 822
},
"headData": {
"title": "Renewable Energy Can Flourish Despite Trump | KQED",
"description": "Trump's campaign rhetoric cast a dark cloud over solar and wind development -- but market forces and state commitments could maintain momentum for renewable energy.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Renewable Energy Can Flourish Despite Trump",
"datePublished": "2016-12-05T07:30:42-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-05T16:18:25-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/12/SommersRenewableEnergy161205.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1210275/why-renewable-energy-companies-arent-so-scared-of-trump",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-Elect Donald Trump has made clear his support for fossil fuels, which scientists have determined are a leading contributor to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump went as far as promising a triumphant comeback for coal, which produces the most greenhouse gases of all. Meanwhile renewable energy sources got mixed reviews from the candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know a lot about solar,” Trump said at a Fresno campaign rally over the summer. “I love solar, except there’s a problem with it. It’s got a lot of problems with it. One problem is it’s so expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds like enough to make any solar company executive break out in a sweat, but the mood in some executive suites is surprisingly buoyant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dan Kammen, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” says Michael Wheeler of Recurrent Energy, a San Francisco-based solar company. “We’re feeling as though we’re going to be okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: Wheeler says Trump’s perception of the cost is hopelessly out of date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who thinks that solar is expensive at the utility scale right now hasn’t seen the latest,” he says. “Solar’s price, because it’s a technology, will continue to go lower and lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Upside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power from big solar projects is \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/09/30/price-of-solar-energy-in-the-united-states-has-fallen-to-5%C2%A2kwh-on-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 70 percent cheaper\u003c/a> today than it was a decade ago. The cost of wind power has also come down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means, in some places, the price of the power they produce is competitive with fossil fuels like natural gas. Some electric utilities are choosing renewables based on cost alone, even in red states like Texas and Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clean energy is not a niche product anymore,” Wheeler says.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1210283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1059px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1210283 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg\" alt=\"The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California.\" width=\"1059\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg 1059w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-800x471.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-960x566.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-375x221.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-520x306.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1059px) 100vw, 1059px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California. \u003ccite>(Recurrent Energy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration could also open more public land for development, something cheered by oil and gas companies and opposed by many environmentalists. But renewable energy companies also stand to gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a place where we think we could do even better under a Trump administration,” Wheeler says. “We’ve had a very difficult time building solar on public lands under the Obama Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state and federal agencies \u003ca href=\"http://largely%20end%20wind%20energy%20development%20in%20California\">unveiled a recent plan\u003c/a> prioritizing federal lands for renewables in California, the wind energy industry’s trade association said restrictions in the plan would “largely end wind energy development in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Downside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some other clouds in the forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies rely on longstanding tax credits, which were extended in Congress last December, after a lengthy struggle. The 30 percent Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) will expire at the end of 2019, when it starts ramping down eventually to 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“The legislation is one of the greatest investments in renewable energy in American history,” said Senator Harry Reid upon passing the credit extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Trump Administration allows those credits to dry up, which could take several years, demand for solar and wind could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly there would be a different forecast for price projection, but it’s not so significant that the market would crater,” Wheeler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second potential downer for renewable energy: Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/11/11/trump-has-vowed-to-kill-the-clean-power-plan-heres-how-he-might-and-might-not-succeed/?utm_term=.97d4f9822d22\">vowed to shelve\u003c/a> one of the keystones in Obama’s climate change policy, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/fact-sheet-overview-clean-power-plan\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, under which states would have to move away from coal power. Wheeler says that would have quadrupled the market for renewables.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-9OlGJ\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9OlGJ/8/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" align=\"right\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not depending upon it but to have that be messaged as being dead was pretty heart-wrenching,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>States Drive the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical,” said Dan Kammen, professor of energy at UC Berkeley. He says, sometimes, a hostile White House can actually energize regional efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just like under President George Bush, we saw tremendous action at the state level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is all in on renewables. State law requires \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps_homepage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent renewable energy\u003c/a> by 2030 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx\">twenty-eight other states\u003c/a> have their own targets, known as Renewable Portfolio Standards. That means the renewable energy market has momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An administration can dramatically put its finger on the scale and accelerate that or they can hold it back,” Kammen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, worldwide demand is growing. Kammen just returned from Dubai, where a new solar farm is expected to break the record for lowest cost, a sign to him the solar industry can stand on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the MC Hammer of energy projects,” Kammen says. “Can’t touch this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1210275/why-renewable-energy-companies-arent-so-scared-of-trump",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3221",
"science_134",
"science_140",
"science_138",
"science_187"
],
"featImg": "science_1210278",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1164175": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1164175",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1164175",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1479304851000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1479304851,
"format": "image",
"title": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water",
"headTitle": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Business as usual on the Colorado River may be about to come to a screeching halt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the worst recorded droughts in human history has stretched water supplies thin across the far-reaching river basin, which serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this more obvious than Lake Mead, which straddles the border of Arizona and Nevada. The water level in the country’s largest manmade reservoir has been plummeting; it’s now only 38 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an official water shortage imminent, Arizona, Nevada and California are taking matters into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states are hammering out a voluntary agreement to cut their water use — an approach some consider revolutionary after so many decades of fighting and lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cooperation springs from self-preservation. If Lake Mead drops too low, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Can we get through? Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the same time, upper basin states like Colorado and Wyoming want to use more Colorado River water — something they’re legally entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, Denver Water is in the final stages of seeking approval on a water storage project that would take more water out of the Colorado River. Wyoming is researching whether to store more water from the Green River, a Colorado tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah is discussing whether to build a pipeline to transport water from Lake Powell, the reservoir found up river from Lake Mead along the Utah-Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add in the likely impacts of climate change and how it’s affecting the Colorado River basin and you have an increasingly complex and challenging picture developing for the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Mulroy, a senior fellow at the William S. Boyd School of Law at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and a leading Western water expert, says the time for a new toolbox and ideas to approach water management has arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There won’t be any winners and losers,” Mulroy says, unless Colorado River states move beyond the fighting and lawsuits of the last century as they try to adapt to the next century. “There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upper Basin States Want More Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a silent miracle that delivers water every day to Denver Water’s 1.4 million customers. For decades, the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River, has flowed through a manmade system of dams, diversions and tunnels beneath the Continental Divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical linchpin sits just outside Boulder. Gross Reservoir is a man-made lake that provides reliable storage for Denver Water. Retired IBM workers Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live just out of eyesight from the reservoir. For Kurtz, that’s on purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s choking off a wild river which in my opinion is never a good thing,” Kurtz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164303\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg\" alt=\"Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1313\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet. \u003ccite>(Grace Hood/CPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The couple have a new-found job in retirement. It’s fighting a proposed expansion to Gross Reservoir’s dam. Denver Water wants to raise the dam by 131 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to build a multi-million dollar dam and disrupt the environment here, when down the line,” Kurtz says. “That’s not going to solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that Colorado’s population is expected to nearly double by 2050. A carefully crafted water plan by Colorado’s top chiefs calls for 400,000 more acre feet of storage, and 400,000 additional acre feet of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denver Water CEO Jim Lochhead says more storage is an important part of the solution. It’s also an insurance policy against future drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From Denver Water’s perspective, if we can’t provide clean, reliable, sustainable water 100 years from now to our customers, we’re not doing our jobs,” says Lochhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proposed expansion of Gross Reservoir, Denver Water took a new approach. The agency worked with environmental groups and Western Slope water interests on the Colorado River Cooperative Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the effort involves Denver Water actively working on the Fraser River to narrow the stream channel and restore the river. If the agency gets the green light to expand Gross, it would be required to keep a formal relationship with environmental groups and local governments through the life of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]But that expansion is still expected to decrease stream flows by about one half of what they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, state engineer Pat Tyrrell says the state is studying whether to store more water from the Green River, another Colorado River tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel we have some room to grow. But we understand that growth comes with risk,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s risk because Wyoming could expand reservoirs with proper permits. In 10 or 20 years there may not be enough water to fill that storage — or deliver enough water to existing reservoirs like Lake Powell. Upper basin states have developed a contingency plan to make sure that happens in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imbalance Between Supply and Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What unites all water planners from Colorado down to California is the need for certainty. They need confidence there will be enough water to fuel population and agricultural growth. And there’s a huge new wildcard in the deck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change upsets all aspects of the water cycle,” says Brad Udall, Senior Water and Climate Scientist at the Colorado Water Institute at Colorado State University. He says hotter temperatures and drought make certainty a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Lh4Bea3bDk0rRmssEqlXBdk5irZlMba8″]Udall says a 16-year drought has dramatically decreased water supply. This recent past could be indicative of what the future holds. He worries that flows across the basin could be reduced by as much as 20 percent by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Udall says. “We know the temperature increases will influence the river flows, and that influence is likely to be strongly downward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now users along the Colorado River face a critical juncture. Deputy Secretary of the Interior Michael Connor recognizes the stress that climate change could have on future water supply. He also understands how overallocated the river is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imbalance between supply and demand, is just going to increase over the next 50 years if we don’t have some very strategic plans that we put in place,” Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Basin States Turn to Cooperation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downstream, the imbalance between supply and demand is already a reality. With an historic water shortage on the horizon, California, Arizona and Nevada are working on a voluntary agreement to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are especially high in California, where Colorado River water has played a critical role in the state’s five year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the reliable source of water for us,” says Jeffrey Kightlinger, manager of the Metropolitan Water District, a water wholesaler that serves 19 million people in Southern California, and major power player in California water policy. “We’ve been getting hardly anything from Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]At least a quarter of Metropolitan’s water supply comes from the Colorado River, which is delivered through a 240-mile aqueduct that stretches to the Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That supply is reaching a crisis point. Lake Mead could drop so low in 2017, an unprecedented shortage could be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’ll be a historic moment,” Kightlinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona and Nevada would be forced to cut back on how much water they draw from the river. California wouldn’t be required to, because it has senior water rights. But if levels in Lake Mead keep dropping, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water, including California’s share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a last-ditch effort to avoid that, the three states are hashing out a voluntary agreement. Arizona and Nevada are considering deeper water cuts, if California agrees to cuts amounting to somewhere between five and eight percent of its supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all realize if we model the future and we build in climate change, we could be in a world of hurt if we do nothing,” says Kightlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These negotiations would have been unthinkable just a decade ago, Kightlinger says. The three states have years of bad blood among them over the river. Most disagreements have been settled with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, that’s not easy to forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a target on our back in Imperial Valley for the amount of water we use,” says farmer Steve Benson, checking on one of his alfalfa fields near the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley produces two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter. Its sole source of water is the Colorado River. Benson sees little reason to share it because the district has senior water rights that trump the rights of Metropolitan Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other districts need to understand their place and their rights,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg\" alt=\"The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-800x466.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1020x594.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1920x1118.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1180x687.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-960x559.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-520x303.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many farmers also say they’ve compromised enough already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, California used more than its legal share of the Colorado River and finally agreed to cut back in 2003. The Imperial Irrigation District was under pressure to transfer water to cities like San Diego to make the cutbacks possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the single, hardest decision I have ever made in my life,” says Bruce Kuhn, who voted on the water transfer as a board member of the district. He cast the deciding vote to share the water, but it came at a personal price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It cost me some friends,” he reflects, still sighing at the memory. “I mean, we still talk but it isn’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuhn may have to make that same call again, and soon. California’s plan to voluntarily give up water to avoid an emergency shortage will likely come up for a vote. The Imperial Irrigation District is considering the deal, but is looking for incentives like the ability to bank water in Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kightlinger of the Metropolitan Water District says it’s a tough conversation. “But if the Colorado River dries up, Imperial goes out of business. It’s in all our interest to solve this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some, the negotiations are sign of what’s to come on an increasingly-stressed river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we get through?” asks UNLV’s Pat Mulroy. “Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years. There’s a different set of interconnections and relationships that have to be forged. So it’s how we tackle the problem that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Arizona Public Media and \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a> contributed audio to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1995,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 60
},
"modified": 1704929410,
"excerpt": "A shrinking water supply on the Colorado River has some states grabbing more water, but California is considering giving some back.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A shrinking water supply on the Colorado River has some states grabbing more water, but California is considering giving some back.",
"title": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water",
"datePublished": "2016-11-16T06:00:51-08:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:30:10-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/laurensommer/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, KQED and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpr.org/news/profile/grace-hood\" target=\"_blank\">Grace Hood\u003c/a>, CPR",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1164175/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Business as usual on the Colorado River may be about to come to a screeching halt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the worst recorded droughts in human history has stretched water supplies thin across the far-reaching river basin, which serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this more obvious than Lake Mead, which straddles the border of Arizona and Nevada. The water level in the country’s largest manmade reservoir has been plummeting; it’s now only 38 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an official water shortage imminent, Arizona, Nevada and California are taking matters into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states are hammering out a voluntary agreement to cut their water use — an approach some consider revolutionary after so many decades of fighting and lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cooperation springs from self-preservation. If Lake Mead drops too low, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Can we get through? Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the same time, upper basin states like Colorado and Wyoming want to use more Colorado River water — something they’re legally entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, Denver Water is in the final stages of seeking approval on a water storage project that would take more water out of the Colorado River. Wyoming is researching whether to store more water from the Green River, a Colorado tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah is discussing whether to build a pipeline to transport water from Lake Powell, the reservoir found up river from Lake Mead along the Utah-Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add in the likely impacts of climate change and how it’s affecting the Colorado River basin and you have an increasingly complex and challenging picture developing for the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Mulroy, a senior fellow at the William S. Boyd School of Law at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and a leading Western water expert, says the time for a new toolbox and ideas to approach water management has arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There won’t be any winners and losers,” Mulroy says, unless Colorado River states move beyond the fighting and lawsuits of the last century as they try to adapt to the next century. “There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upper Basin States Want More Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a silent miracle that delivers water every day to Denver Water’s 1.4 million customers. For decades, the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River, has flowed through a manmade system of dams, diversions and tunnels beneath the Continental Divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical linchpin sits just outside Boulder. Gross Reservoir is a man-made lake that provides reliable storage for Denver Water. Retired IBM workers Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live just out of eyesight from the reservoir. For Kurtz, that’s on purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s choking off a wild river which in my opinion is never a good thing,” Kurtz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164303\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg\" alt=\"Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1313\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet. \u003ccite>(Grace Hood/CPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The couple have a new-found job in retirement. It’s fighting a proposed expansion to Gross Reservoir’s dam. Denver Water wants to raise the dam by 131 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to build a multi-million dollar dam and disrupt the environment here, when down the line,” Kurtz says. “That’s not going to solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that Colorado’s population is expected to nearly double by 2050. A carefully crafted water plan by Colorado’s top chiefs calls for 400,000 more acre feet of storage, and 400,000 additional acre feet of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denver Water CEO Jim Lochhead says more storage is an important part of the solution. It’s also an insurance policy against future drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From Denver Water’s perspective, if we can’t provide clean, reliable, sustainable water 100 years from now to our customers, we’re not doing our jobs,” says Lochhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proposed expansion of Gross Reservoir, Denver Water took a new approach. The agency worked with environmental groups and Western Slope water interests on the Colorado River Cooperative Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the effort involves Denver Water actively working on the Fraser River to narrow the stream channel and restore the river. If the agency gets the green light to expand Gross, it would be required to keep a formal relationship with environmental groups and local governments through the life of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But that expansion is still expected to decrease stream flows by about one half of what they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, state engineer Pat Tyrrell says the state is studying whether to store more water from the Green River, another Colorado River tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel we have some room to grow. But we understand that growth comes with risk,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s risk because Wyoming could expand reservoirs with proper permits. In 10 or 20 years there may not be enough water to fill that storage — or deliver enough water to existing reservoirs like Lake Powell. Upper basin states have developed a contingency plan to make sure that happens in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imbalance Between Supply and Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What unites all water planners from Colorado down to California is the need for certainty. They need confidence there will be enough water to fuel population and agricultural growth. And there’s a huge new wildcard in the deck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change upsets all aspects of the water cycle,” says Brad Udall, Senior Water and Climate Scientist at the Colorado Water Institute at Colorado State University. He says hotter temperatures and drought make certainty a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Udall says a 16-year drought has dramatically decreased water supply. This recent past could be indicative of what the future holds. He worries that flows across the basin could be reduced by as much as 20 percent by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Udall says. “We know the temperature increases will influence the river flows, and that influence is likely to be strongly downward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now users along the Colorado River face a critical juncture. Deputy Secretary of the Interior Michael Connor recognizes the stress that climate change could have on future water supply. He also understands how overallocated the river is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imbalance between supply and demand, is just going to increase over the next 50 years if we don’t have some very strategic plans that we put in place,” Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Basin States Turn to Cooperation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downstream, the imbalance between supply and demand is already a reality. With an historic water shortage on the horizon, California, Arizona and Nevada are working on a voluntary agreement to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are especially high in California, where Colorado River water has played a critical role in the state’s five year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the reliable source of water for us,” says Jeffrey Kightlinger, manager of the Metropolitan Water District, a water wholesaler that serves 19 million people in Southern California, and major power player in California water policy. “We’ve been getting hardly anything from Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At least a quarter of Metropolitan’s water supply comes from the Colorado River, which is delivered through a 240-mile aqueduct that stretches to the Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That supply is reaching a crisis point. Lake Mead could drop so low in 2017, an unprecedented shortage could be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’ll be a historic moment,” Kightlinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona and Nevada would be forced to cut back on how much water they draw from the river. California wouldn’t be required to, because it has senior water rights. But if levels in Lake Mead keep dropping, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water, including California’s share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a last-ditch effort to avoid that, the three states are hashing out a voluntary agreement. Arizona and Nevada are considering deeper water cuts, if California agrees to cuts amounting to somewhere between five and eight percent of its supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all realize if we model the future and we build in climate change, we could be in a world of hurt if we do nothing,” says Kightlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These negotiations would have been unthinkable just a decade ago, Kightlinger says. The three states have years of bad blood among them over the river. Most disagreements have been settled with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, that’s not easy to forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a target on our back in Imperial Valley for the amount of water we use,” says farmer Steve Benson, checking on one of his alfalfa fields near the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley produces two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter. Its sole source of water is the Colorado River. Benson sees little reason to share it because the district has senior water rights that trump the rights of Metropolitan Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other districts need to understand their place and their rights,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg\" alt=\"The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-800x466.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1020x594.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1920x1118.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1180x687.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-960x559.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-520x303.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many farmers also say they’ve compromised enough already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, California used more than its legal share of the Colorado River and finally agreed to cut back in 2003. The Imperial Irrigation District was under pressure to transfer water to cities like San Diego to make the cutbacks possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the single, hardest decision I have ever made in my life,” says Bruce Kuhn, who voted on the water transfer as a board member of the district. He cast the deciding vote to share the water, but it came at a personal price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It cost me some friends,” he reflects, still sighing at the memory. “I mean, we still talk but it isn’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuhn may have to make that same call again, and soon. California’s plan to voluntarily give up water to avoid an emergency shortage will likely come up for a vote. The Imperial Irrigation District is considering the deal, but is looking for incentives like the ability to bank water in Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kightlinger of the Metropolitan Water District says it’s a tough conversation. “But if the Colorado River dries up, Imperial goes out of business. It’s in all our interest to solve this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some, the negotiations are sign of what’s to come on an increasingly-stressed river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we get through?” asks UNLV’s Pat Mulroy. “Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years. There’s a different set of interconnections and relationships that have to be forged. So it’s how we tackle the problem that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Arizona Public Media and \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a> contributed audio to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1164175/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1164175"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_3197",
"science_572",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1164295",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1016140": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1016140",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1016140",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1475096421000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1475096421,
"format": "standard",
"title": "This is What Climate Change Sounds Like, in D Minor",
"headTitle": "This is What Climate Change Sounds Like, in D Minor | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite spending countless hours of her Ph.D. at Stanford making visits to remote stretches of Alaska, poring over yellow cedar measurements and photos and ultimately publishing her findings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.leoakes.com/\">Lauren Oakes\u003c/a> was about to experience her data in a new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving for a weekend trip to the Sierras, she turned the volume way up in her car and hit play. A cascading piano was joined by a flute, cello and other instruments. As the piece continued, the piano’s high staccato notes gave way to lower, more intermittent ones before ending on a wave of strings, leaving a sense of another movement yet to be written.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakes had just heard the sound of climate change in Alaska’s yellow cedar forests and the ways it’s already altered the landscape. It wasn’t just a composer’s impression of her research, though. She had just heard her data — data meticulously collected and pored over for years — translated from numbers and charts into music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To hear the patterns it took me years to understand was incredible,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281855016″ params=”color=ff5500″ width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piece has the potential to change how researchers and the public engage with data. Music based on data has the potential to reveal new patterns to scientists and get data out of the arcane language of empirical orthogonal functions, p-values and Kruskal-Wallis tests and into a language that everyone can understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research Oakes had just heard came courtesy of Nik Sawe, a fellow Stanford PhD student at the time the music was created and a current researcher there. He had emailed a group of fellow students at the university hoping to find some data to turn into music after going to a talk about using a technique called data sonification to make music from seizure data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To hear the patterns it took me years to understand was incredible.’\u003ccite>Lauren Oakes, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the readout that a doctor could analyze, it looked like noise,” he said. “But when you hear the stuff with one speaker playing the healthy side of a brain and one playing the afflicted side, you can hear the difference with this structured noise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it worked for medical data, Sawe thought it could work for environmental data as well. He had written a computer program that essentially reads data as sheet music, much like a player piano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Oakes’ work presented a compelling piece. There were multiple types of trees in the forest and a clear progression as climate change is killing off yellow cedars. Rising temperatures are decimating snowpack, but when still frequent cold snaps hit, there’s not enough insulation to protect the cedar’s shallow roots so they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1016145\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1016145\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A view of Gravina Island, Alexander Archipelago, Alaska\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Gravina Island, Alexander Archipelago, Alaska \u003ccite>(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s an odd scenario — death by freezing in a warming world — but one that could have profound impacts on one of the most culturally and economically important trees in Alaska as it dies out and other, less valuable trees take its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Culturally, they’ve been used for about 9,000 years in carvings,” Oakes, now a lecturer at Stanford, said. “From an economic standpoint, they are the most valuable conifer in Alaska. Even though right now they comprise a lower percentage of the forest in terms of density, when there is a sale for timber in Alaska, they tend to drive it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Sawe picked up Oakes’ data and turned it into tunes. Though a computer played the music, Sawe helped arrange the piece so it made sense. He assigned different trees to different instruments based on their role in the forest (though in the case of sitka spruce, he assigned it to the cello because it’s a common wood used in cello construction) and a key so all the players were on the same page (in this case, a rather foreboding D minor).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each note in the piece is a single tree from one of Oakes’ study sites while its pitch conveys the age and loudness conveys its size. All the parts are played by a computer using a Musical Instrument Digital Interface, known more frequently by its less wonky acronym MIDI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, the piece conveys a forest in flux. Sawe also isolated the piano as a solo piece to highlight what’s happening to yellow cedars in particular. In that context, the lively tinkle of notes reminiscent of Philip Glass slips into a dirge by the end as gaps of silence and single notes dominate the piece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281853932″ params=”color=ff5500″ width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawe isn’t a composer by trade — he studies how why we make decisions on the environment using a mix of neurology and economics — but he is someone who wants to take complex data and make it understandable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With data sonification, you can handle a lot more dimensions if you’re listening to data than looking at it,” he said. “It’s useful for scientists on the one hand but on the other hand, the fact that you can take something like the data from 2,000 trees in Alaska and give someone a 20-second description of what that song is portraying and they pick it up (means) it has huge potential to share these narratives with people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Oakes, that’s exactly what she was hoping for when she responded back to Sawe’s initial email. She wanted her data to be so compelling that people would have to stop and pay attention to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early feedback indicates the project has already realized some of that potential. The California Academy of Science has reached out to them about a public event and Stanford has expressed interest in having a chamber music group do a live performance of the piece. And Sawe has started working with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute to explore some of their Pacific Ocean data for another data sonification project down the road that could add another song to the soundtrack of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While data sonification is still far from the mainstream scientific process, music could be a lynch pin for taking climate research out of the pages of academic journals and into our lives. And it may serve as a reminder that we’re all composers and our choices will define what the next movement sounds like.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1159,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1704929583,
"excerpt": "Stanford University lecturers took data showing the effects of climate change on yellow cedars in Alaska and set it to music, using a technique called data sonification. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Stanford University lecturers took data showing the effects of climate change on yellow cedars in Alaska and set it to music, using a technique called data sonification. ",
"title": "This is What Climate Change Sounds Like, in D Minor | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "This is What Climate Change Sounds Like, in D Minor",
"datePublished": "2016-09-28T14:00:21-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:33:03-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "this-is-what-climate-change-sounds-like-in-d-minor",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Brian Kahn \u003c/br> Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1016140/this-is-what-climate-change-sounds-like-in-d-minor",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite spending countless hours of her Ph.D. at Stanford making visits to remote stretches of Alaska, poring over yellow cedar measurements and photos and ultimately publishing her findings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.leoakes.com/\">Lauren Oakes\u003c/a> was about to experience her data in a new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving for a weekend trip to the Sierras, she turned the volume way up in her car and hit play. A cascading piano was joined by a flute, cello and other instruments. As the piece continued, the piano’s high staccato notes gave way to lower, more intermittent ones before ending on a wave of strings, leaving a sense of another movement yet to be written.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakes had just heard the sound of climate change in Alaska’s yellow cedar forests and the ways it’s already altered the landscape. It wasn’t just a composer’s impression of her research, though. She had just heard her data — data meticulously collected and pored over for years — translated from numbers and charts into music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To hear the patterns it took me years to understand was incredible,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281855016″&visual=true&”color=ff5500″'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281855016″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piece has the potential to change how researchers and the public engage with data. Music based on data has the potential to reveal new patterns to scientists and get data out of the arcane language of empirical orthogonal functions, p-values and Kruskal-Wallis tests and into a language that everyone can understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research Oakes had just heard came courtesy of Nik Sawe, a fellow Stanford PhD student at the time the music was created and a current researcher there. He had emailed a group of fellow students at the university hoping to find some data to turn into music after going to a talk about using a technique called data sonification to make music from seizure data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To hear the patterns it took me years to understand was incredible.’\u003ccite>Lauren Oakes, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the readout that a doctor could analyze, it looked like noise,” he said. “But when you hear the stuff with one speaker playing the healthy side of a brain and one playing the afflicted side, you can hear the difference with this structured noise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it worked for medical data, Sawe thought it could work for environmental data as well. He had written a computer program that essentially reads data as sheet music, much like a player piano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Oakes’ work presented a compelling piece. There were multiple types of trees in the forest and a clear progression as climate change is killing off yellow cedars. Rising temperatures are decimating snowpack, but when still frequent cold snaps hit, there’s not enough insulation to protect the cedar’s shallow roots so they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1016145\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1016145\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A view of Gravina Island, Alexander Archipelago, Alaska\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/09/Gravina_Island_from_Ketchikan_Alaska_3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Gravina Island, Alexander Archipelago, Alaska \u003ccite>(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s an odd scenario — death by freezing in a warming world — but one that could have profound impacts on one of the most culturally and economically important trees in Alaska as it dies out and other, less valuable trees take its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Culturally, they’ve been used for about 9,000 years in carvings,” Oakes, now a lecturer at Stanford, said. “From an economic standpoint, they are the most valuable conifer in Alaska. Even though right now they comprise a lower percentage of the forest in terms of density, when there is a sale for timber in Alaska, they tend to drive it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Sawe picked up Oakes’ data and turned it into tunes. Though a computer played the music, Sawe helped arrange the piece so it made sense. He assigned different trees to different instruments based on their role in the forest (though in the case of sitka spruce, he assigned it to the cello because it’s a common wood used in cello construction) and a key so all the players were on the same page (in this case, a rather foreboding D minor).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each note in the piece is a single tree from one of Oakes’ study sites while its pitch conveys the age and loudness conveys its size. All the parts are played by a computer using a Musical Instrument Digital Interface, known more frequently by its less wonky acronym MIDI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, the piece conveys a forest in flux. Sawe also isolated the piano as a solo piece to highlight what’s happening to yellow cedars in particular. In that context, the lively tinkle of notes reminiscent of Philip Glass slips into a dirge by the end as gaps of silence and single notes dominate the piece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281853932″&visual=true&”color=ff5500″'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/281853932″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawe isn’t a composer by trade — he studies how why we make decisions on the environment using a mix of neurology and economics — but he is someone who wants to take complex data and make it understandable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With data sonification, you can handle a lot more dimensions if you’re listening to data than looking at it,” he said. “It’s useful for scientists on the one hand but on the other hand, the fact that you can take something like the data from 2,000 trees in Alaska and give someone a 20-second description of what that song is portraying and they pick it up (means) it has huge potential to share these narratives with people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Oakes, that’s exactly what she was hoping for when she responded back to Sawe’s initial email. She wanted her data to be so compelling that people would have to stop and pay attention to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early feedback indicates the project has already realized some of that potential. The California Academy of Science has reached out to them about a public event and Stanford has expressed interest in having a chamber music group do a live performance of the piece. And Sawe has started working with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute to explore some of their Pacific Ocean data for another data sonification project down the road that could add another song to the soundtrack of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While data sonification is still far from the mainstream scientific process, music could be a lynch pin for taking climate research out of the pages of academic journals and into our lives. And it may serve as a reminder that we’re all composers and our choices will define what the next movement sounds like.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1016140/this-is-what-climate-change-sounds-like-in-d-minor",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1016140"
],
"categories": [
"science_31"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_5187"
],
"featImg": "science_1016144",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1014529": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1014529",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1014529",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1474518637000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1474518637,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Brown Says He'll Push California's Climate Agenda Whoever Wins in November",
"headTitle": "Brown Says He’ll Push California’s Climate Agenda Whoever Wins in November | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown says he will continue to push California’s climate change policies, no matter the results of November’s presidential election. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would do what I’m doing now,” he said, speaking in Sacramento at the Doubletree Hotel on the opening night of the Society of Environmental Journalists conference, an annual meeting attended by more than 300 journalists from around the country this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, who has made climate change a centerpiece of his final term as governor, touted the group of climate change bills signed over the last month, including SB32, which set a new climate change agenda for California. It requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will mean tougher rules for factories and power plants and an ongoing expansion of solar, wind and other green energy. The bill recently passed the state legislature after a contentious debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has goals,” Brown said. “They’re steep and they’ll get steeper as we go down the road. We need technology, the investment and the understanding, and that’s where journalism comes in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said climate change is a slow-moving and complex problem, and America’s journalists need to do a better job of explaining it and the threats it poses if political leaders are going to make progress in averting catastrophe. He implored the room of reporters to keep writing about the widespread challenges of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of things that are of deep concern are not that exciting,” he said. “Donald Trump is more exciting for many journalists than climate change because he can make a lot of noise. That’s one of your infirmities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also recently signed a bill to address what are known as “short-lived” climate pollutants — those that have a more potent greenhouse gas effect than carbon dioxide — such as methane, hydrofluorocarbon gases, and soot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists tell us if the rest of the world would do what California is proposing to do by 2030, we’d cut the pace of climate change in half,” he said. “That’s how powerful the super-pollutants are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NASA, nine of the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 2000, and carbon dioxide levels in the air are at their highest in 650,000 years. The hottest year globally was 2015, and 2016 is on pace to break the record again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEJ conference, the nation’s largest gathering of journalists who cover environmental issues, continues through Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 449,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704929592,
"excerpt": "Brown implores a gathering of the nation's environmental journalists to do a better job on climate change reporting.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Brown implores a gathering of the nation's environmental journalists to do a better job on climate change reporting.",
"title": "Brown Says He'll Push California's Climate Agenda Whoever Wins in November | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Brown Says He'll Push California's Climate Agenda Whoever Wins in November",
"datePublished": "2016-09-21T21:30:37-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:33:12-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "brown-says-california-will-lead-on-climate-change-whoever-wins-in-november",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1014529/brown-says-california-will-lead-on-climate-change-whoever-wins-in-november",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown says he will continue to push California’s climate change policies, no matter the results of November’s presidential election. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would do what I’m doing now,” he said, speaking in Sacramento at the Doubletree Hotel on the opening night of the Society of Environmental Journalists conference, an annual meeting attended by more than 300 journalists from around the country this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, who has made climate change a centerpiece of his final term as governor, touted the group of climate change bills signed over the last month, including SB32, which set a new climate change agenda for California. It requires the state to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will mean tougher rules for factories and power plants and an ongoing expansion of solar, wind and other green energy. The bill recently passed the state legislature after a contentious debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has goals,” Brown said. “They’re steep and they’ll get steeper as we go down the road. We need technology, the investment and the understanding, and that’s where journalism comes in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said climate change is a slow-moving and complex problem, and America’s journalists need to do a better job of explaining it and the threats it poses if political leaders are going to make progress in averting catastrophe. He implored the room of reporters to keep writing about the widespread challenges of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of things that are of deep concern are not that exciting,” he said. “Donald Trump is more exciting for many journalists than climate change because he can make a lot of noise. That’s one of your infirmities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also recently signed a bill to address what are known as “short-lived” climate pollutants — those that have a more potent greenhouse gas effect than carbon dioxide — such as methane, hydrofluorocarbon gases, and soot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists tell us if the rest of the world would do what California is proposing to do by 2030, we’d cut the pace of climate change in half,” he said. “That’s how powerful the super-pollutants are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NASA, nine of the 10 warmest years on record have occurred since 2000, and carbon dioxide levels in the air are at their highest in 650,000 years. The hottest year globally was 2015, and 2016 is on pace to break the record again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEJ conference, the nation’s largest gathering of journalists who cover environmental issues, continues through Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1014529/brown-says-california-will-lead-on-climate-change-whoever-wins-in-november",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_101"
],
"featImg": "science_1014531",
"label": "science"
},
"science_944002": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_944002",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "944002",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1472150899000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1472150899,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Human-Driven Global Warming Started as Early as the 1830s: Study",
"headTitle": "Human-Driven Global Warming Started as Early as the 1830s: Study | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>To fully understand the warming of the planet that is being driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases, scientists need to examine the history of climate changes on Earth. Hampering this effort is the fact that direct measurements of temperature and other climate data only go back to about the late 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by using records kept by the Earth itself, that history can be extended back hundreds or even thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature, a group of researchers has knitted together such natural records — found, for example, in coral reefs, ice sheets and caves. They used those records to trace the thread of human-driven warming back to what they say is its beginning, nearly 200 years ago, when the coal-burning that took off with the Industrial Revolution was still revving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the impact then on temperatures was small, it is measurable in certain regions, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some climate scientists not involved in the research quibble with just how much of that early signal can actually be attributed to greenhouse gases. However, there is broad agreement that the study reinforces the importance of the starting point that is used when evaluating how much the Earth has already warmed and how close we are to breaching international climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_944019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-944019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_icecore_400_533_s_c1_c_c.jpg\" alt=\"An ice core still sits inside a drill.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ice core still sits inside a drill. \u003ccite>(Nerilie Abram )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This early warming does mean that our instrumental records (which typically only begin in the 1880s) don’t allow us to see the picture of how humans have changed the climate,” study co-author Nerilie Abram, a paleoclimatologist at Australian National University, said in an email. “So when we are talking about targets of trying to limit climate warming to less than 1.5˚C, we are actually closer to that limit than what we would calculate from instrumental records alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What Is Pre-Industrial?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When international negotiators forged an agreement last year on limiting temperature rise this century, they settled on a threshold of 2˚C from pre-industrial times (with some talk of tightening that limit to 1.5˚C). But exactly what period is picked to represent the pre-industrial era is key. Comparing temperatures today to the beginning of the instrumental record is problematic because at best that record goes back only to the 1880s, when some warming had likely already occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Earth itself keeps records of how climate has changed over millennia, in the growth of coral reefs, the layers of ice laid down in glaciers, and the rings added each year to trees. The study authors worked with a consortium that has brought together records from different sources from spots all over the world and worked to put them together into a coherent picture of past climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record includes new reconstructions of sea surface temperatures, something often left out of such projects because of the difficulty of obtaining ocean records, Abram said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reconstruction allowed the group to examine global and regional temperature records going back 500 years. With that extended record, they picked the period 1622 to 1799 as their preindustrial era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That period is “definitely before we really started burning any significant amount of fossil fuels,” NASA climate scientist Kate Marvel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The early warming is a small but detectable signal that can be explained by the small increases in greenhouse gases that were already happening in the mid 19th century.’\u003ccite>Nerilie Abram, Australian National University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Using statistical analyses, the team picked out a small, but measureable, increase in temperatures as early as the 1830s for some regions, including the tropical oceans, as well as the Northern Hemisphere more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are “further evidence that the climate has already changed significantly since the pre-industrial period,” Ed Hawkins, a climate scientist at the University of Reading in England, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Regional Differences\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These changes wouldn’t have been noticeable to people at the time. It was only in the 20th century that warming pushed the climate outside of what would be seen from natural variations. That natural variability also explains why the warming signal emerged first in the tropics — year-to-year variability in that region is very low, which means the signal is easier to tease out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that the rate of warming of the tropical oceans was about the same as that of the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Unsurprisingly, the Arctic showed the highest rate of warming.[contextly_sidebar id=”O7Ih1x43marWKs782O7VHmOuQ1dELSBB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming in the Southern Hemisphere, however, was delayed compared to the Northern Hemisphere in the reconstruction, though the researchers aren’t sure why, particularly as climate models don’t show that delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some possible explanations include a higher variability of the Southern Hemisphere climate, as well as some unappreciated aspects of how sea ice might regulate the climate. There is also a relative dearth of data compared to the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More specifically, a clear warming signal has yet to emerge for Antarctica, which could be because the continent is somewhat isolated from broader climate changes by both atmospheric and oceanic currents that encircle it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Antarctica sort of does its own thing,” study co-author Nicholas McKay, a climatologist at Northern Arizona University, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Baseline Matters\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The researchers were surprised that they found such an early onset of warming, both Abram and McKay said. At first they suspected that the initial warming was actually the climate rebounding from the cooling impact of two major volcanic eruptions in the early 1800s, and that greenhouse warming took over later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But by testing our methods, and by looking at when warming develops in climate model simulations where only greenhouse gases are changed, we were able to show that the early warming is a small but detectable signal that can be explained by the small increases in greenhouse gases that were already happening in the mid 19th century,” Abram said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Mann, a Penn State climatologist, who put together the famous “Hockey Stick” climate reconstruction, still thinks that more of that early warming is due to the rebound from volcanic cooling and that a more rigorous analysis is needed to tease out just how much warming can be attributed to greenhouse gas-driven warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_944020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-944020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-800x554.jpg\" alt='The so-called \"hockey stick\" graph, which shows temperatures both from the instrumental record (in red) and paleoclimate data.' width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-400x277.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-768x532.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-960x665.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c.jpg 1050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The so-called “hockey stick” graph, which shows temperatures both from the instrumental record (in red) and paleoclimate data. \u003ccite>(IPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In particular, Mann takes issue with a statement in the study that their findings indicate the Earth’s temperature may respond faster to changes in greenhouse gases levels than previously thought, which he says is “a really basic error in interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann does agree, however, that warming goes back further than instrumental records can show and that today’s temperature rise should be compared to an earlier baseline than it currently is, or we risk underestimating warming. This was the point that other climate scientists said was the main contribution of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1205,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 27
},
"modified": 1704929714,
"excerpt": "Climate models have been underestimating global warming, scientists say, in light of new research that shows an increase in temperatures as early as the 1830s for some regions.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Climate models have been underestimating global warming, scientists say, in light of new research that shows an increase in temperatures as early as the 1830s for some regions.",
"title": "Human-Driven Global Warming Started as Early as the 1830s: Study | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Human-Driven Global Warming Started as Early as the 1830s: Study",
"datePublished": "2016-08-25T11:48:19-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:35:14-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "human-driven-global-warming-started-as-early-as-the-1830s-study",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Andrea Thompson\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/944002/human-driven-global-warming-started-as-early-as-the-1830s-study",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To fully understand the warming of the planet that is being driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases, scientists need to examine the history of climate changes on Earth. Hampering this effort is the fact that direct measurements of temperature and other climate data only go back to about the late 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by using records kept by the Earth itself, that history can be extended back hundreds or even thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study published Wednesday in the journal Nature, a group of researchers has knitted together such natural records — found, for example, in coral reefs, ice sheets and caves. They used those records to trace the thread of human-driven warming back to what they say is its beginning, nearly 200 years ago, when the coal-burning that took off with the Industrial Revolution was still revving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the impact then on temperatures was small, it is measurable in certain regions, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some climate scientists not involved in the research quibble with just how much of that early signal can actually be attributed to greenhouse gases. However, there is broad agreement that the study reinforces the importance of the starting point that is used when evaluating how much the Earth has already warmed and how close we are to breaching international climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_944019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-944019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/8_24_16_Andrea_CC_icecore_400_533_s_c1_c_c.jpg\" alt=\"An ice core still sits inside a drill.\" width=\"400\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ice core still sits inside a drill. \u003ccite>(Nerilie Abram )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This early warming does mean that our instrumental records (which typically only begin in the 1880s) don’t allow us to see the picture of how humans have changed the climate,” study co-author Nerilie Abram, a paleoclimatologist at Australian National University, said in an email. “So when we are talking about targets of trying to limit climate warming to less than 1.5˚C, we are actually closer to that limit than what we would calculate from instrumental records alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What Is Pre-Industrial?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When international negotiators forged an agreement last year on limiting temperature rise this century, they settled on a threshold of 2˚C from pre-industrial times (with some talk of tightening that limit to 1.5˚C). But exactly what period is picked to represent the pre-industrial era is key. Comparing temperatures today to the beginning of the instrumental record is problematic because at best that record goes back only to the 1880s, when some warming had likely already occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Earth itself keeps records of how climate has changed over millennia, in the growth of coral reefs, the layers of ice laid down in glaciers, and the rings added each year to trees. The study authors worked with a consortium that has brought together records from different sources from spots all over the world and worked to put them together into a coherent picture of past climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record includes new reconstructions of sea surface temperatures, something often left out of such projects because of the difficulty of obtaining ocean records, Abram said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reconstruction allowed the group to examine global and regional temperature records going back 500 years. With that extended record, they picked the period 1622 to 1799 as their preindustrial era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That period is “definitely before we really started burning any significant amount of fossil fuels,” NASA climate scientist Kate Marvel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The early warming is a small but detectable signal that can be explained by the small increases in greenhouse gases that were already happening in the mid 19th century.’\u003ccite>Nerilie Abram, Australian National University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Using statistical analyses, the team picked out a small, but measureable, increase in temperatures as early as the 1830s for some regions, including the tropical oceans, as well as the Northern Hemisphere more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are “further evidence that the climate has already changed significantly since the pre-industrial period,” Ed Hawkins, a climate scientist at the University of Reading in England, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Regional Differences\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>These changes wouldn’t have been noticeable to people at the time. It was only in the 20th century that warming pushed the climate outside of what would be seen from natural variations. That natural variability also explains why the warming signal emerged first in the tropics — year-to-year variability in that region is very low, which means the signal is easier to tease out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that the rate of warming of the tropical oceans was about the same as that of the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. Unsurprisingly, the Arctic showed the highest rate of warming.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming in the Southern Hemisphere, however, was delayed compared to the Northern Hemisphere in the reconstruction, though the researchers aren’t sure why, particularly as climate models don’t show that delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some possible explanations include a higher variability of the Southern Hemisphere climate, as well as some unappreciated aspects of how sea ice might regulate the climate. There is also a relative dearth of data compared to the Northern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More specifically, a clear warming signal has yet to emerge for Antarctica, which could be because the continent is somewhat isolated from broader climate changes by both atmospheric and oceanic currents that encircle it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Antarctica sort of does its own thing,” study co-author Nicholas McKay, a climatologist at Northern Arizona University, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Baseline Matters\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The researchers were surprised that they found such an early onset of warming, both Abram and McKay said. At first they suspected that the initial warming was actually the climate rebounding from the cooling impact of two major volcanic eruptions in the early 1800s, and that greenhouse warming took over later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But by testing our methods, and by looking at when warming develops in climate model simulations where only greenhouse gases are changed, we were able to show that the early warming is a small but detectable signal that can be explained by the small increases in greenhouse gases that were already happening in the mid 19th century,” Abram said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Mann, a Penn State climatologist, who put together the famous “Hockey Stick” climate reconstruction, still thinks that more of that early warming is due to the rebound from volcanic cooling and that a more rigorous analysis is needed to tease out just how much warming can be attributed to greenhouse gas-driven warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_944020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-944020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-800x554.jpg\" alt='The so-called \"hockey stick\" graph, which shows temperatures both from the instrumental record (in red) and paleoclimate data.' width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-400x277.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-768x532.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c-960x665.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/CC-hockeystickcurve_1050_727_s_c1_c_c.jpg 1050w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The so-called “hockey stick” graph, which shows temperatures both from the instrumental record (in red) and paleoclimate data. \u003ccite>(IPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In particular, Mann takes issue with a statement in the study that their findings indicate the Earth’s temperature may respond faster to changes in greenhouse gases levels than previously thought, which he says is “a really basic error in interpretation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mann does agree, however, that warming goes back further than instrumental records can show and that today’s temperature rise should be compared to an earlier baseline than it currently is, or we risk underestimating warming. This was the point that other climate scientists said was the main contribution of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/944002/human-driven-global-warming-started-as-early-as-the-1830s-study",
"authors": [
"byline_science_944002"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_556"
],
"featImg": "science_944018",
"label": "science"
},
"science_884418": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_884418",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "884418",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1469834083000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1469834083,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Climate Change Signs Seen in California Wildfires",
"headTitle": "Climate Change Signs Seen in California Wildfires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Reports this week from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sand-fire-santa-clarita-20160725-snap-story.html\">front lines\u003c/a> of the Sand Fire in Southern California painted the scene as apocalyptic. The drought-fueled blaze was explosive, fast-moving and devastating, burning through 38,000 acres in the Santa Clarita Valley and forcing the evacuation of more than 10,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change has exacerbated naturally occurring droughts, and therefore fuel conditions.’\u003ccite>Robert Field, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If the state’s wildfire season holds true to forecasts, the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4878/\">Sand Fire\u003c/a> will be one of many catastrophic wildfires to scorch drought-stricken forests and shrublands across California this year. So far, only one wildfire has been larger — the 48,019-acre \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4806/\">Erskine Fire\u003c/a>, which started in June in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and destroyed 250 homes and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the fires have been among the worst or largest wildfires the state has seen in recent years, but they’re part of a dire global warming-fueled trend toward larger, more frequent and intense wildfires. The number of blazes on public lands across the West has increased 500 percent since the late 1970s, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmerced.edu/content/leroy-westerling\">LeRoy Westerling\u003c/a>, a professor studying climate and wildfire at the University of California-Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outlook this summer is sobering: Wildland fire potential for most of coastal California and the Sierra Nevada Mountains is above normal and is expected to remain that way through October, \u003ca href=\"http://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/outlooks/monthly_seasonal_outlook.pdf\">according to\u003c/a> the National Interagency Fire Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire forecast follows a major heat wave in California, where the temperatures soared above 120°F (48.9°C) in some parts of Southern California. The region is seeing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/seasonal-temperature-trends-united-states-20040\">significant warming trend\u003c/a>. Each decade since 1970, average summer temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/seasonal-temperature-trends-united-states-20040\">have warmed\u003c/a> about 0.45°F (0.25°C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst of the fire season in Southern California may be yet to come, said \u003ca href=\"https://saffordlab.wordpress.com/people-2/\">Hugh Safford\u003c/a>, a U.S. Forest Service ecologist based in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most dangerous fire conditions occur from the end of September to December, when Santa Ana winds from the desert interact with the driest fuels of the season after five to six months of drying,” he said. “I would expect an active fire season, and critical conditions in the fall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westerling said 140,000 acres have burned across Southern California this year — a figure that amounts to nearly four times the five-year average for annual acreage burned in an entire wildfire season in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming’s fingerprints can be clearly seen on this year’s fire season in California, where the state’s extreme drought is entering its fifth year and record-breaking heat has baked the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change has exacerbated naturally occurring droughts, and therefore fuel conditions,” said Robert Field, a research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worse the drought, the more of a tinderbox forests become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Higher temperatures exacerbate the drought by increasing evaporation and transpiration,” Westerling said. “Drier conditions mean highly flammable (wildfire) fuels. Drier conditions and high temperatures drive more extreme fire behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California fire conditions today are already bad as firefighters attempt to contain the Sand Fire and battle the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4888/\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, which has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/29/soberanes-fire-containment-update/\">burned more than 31,000 acres\u003c/a> south of Monterey since the fire started on July 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sand Fire, burning in mountainous shrubland known as chaparral, has surprised wildfire scientists because of the speed with which it scorched the slopes north of Los Angeles. It’s an example of how climate change affects the way wildfires burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chaparral always burns at high intensity, but the mean size of chaparral fires has been growing,” Safford said. “We haven’t seen much change in the severity of these fires, but they are getting bigger on average, which may be due to drought-driven shrub mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead and dry trees do a lot to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-firefighters-wrangling-with-dead-trees-20471\">help fires spread\u003c/a>, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This last factor results in fire embers that are cast far ahead of the flaming front and leads to faster fire growth and more difficult control,” Safford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 707,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704929838,
"excerpt": "This year's California wildfire season shows signs of influence from climate change.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "This year's California wildfire season shows signs of influence from climate change.",
"title": "Climate Change Signs Seen in California Wildfires | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Climate Change Signs Seen in California Wildfires",
"datePublished": "2016-07-29T16:14:43-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:37:18-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "climate-change-signs-seen-in-california-wildfires",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"nprByline": "Bobby Magill\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Central",
"path": "/science/884418/climate-change-signs-seen-in-california-wildfires",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Reports this week from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-sand-fire-santa-clarita-20160725-snap-story.html\">front lines\u003c/a> of the Sand Fire in Southern California painted the scene as apocalyptic. The drought-fueled blaze was explosive, fast-moving and devastating, burning through 38,000 acres in the Santa Clarita Valley and forcing the evacuation of more than 10,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change has exacerbated naturally occurring droughts, and therefore fuel conditions.’\u003ccite>Robert Field, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If the state’s wildfire season holds true to forecasts, the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4878/\">Sand Fire\u003c/a> will be one of many catastrophic wildfires to scorch drought-stricken forests and shrublands across California this year. So far, only one wildfire has been larger — the 48,019-acre \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4806/\">Erskine Fire\u003c/a>, which started in June in the Sierra Nevada Mountains and destroyed 250 homes and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the fires have been among the worst or largest wildfires the state has seen in recent years, but they’re part of a dire global warming-fueled trend toward larger, more frequent and intense wildfires. The number of blazes on public lands across the West has increased 500 percent since the late 1970s, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmerced.edu/content/leroy-westerling\">LeRoy Westerling\u003c/a>, a professor studying climate and wildfire at the University of California-Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outlook this summer is sobering: Wildland fire potential for most of coastal California and the Sierra Nevada Mountains is above normal and is expected to remain that way through October, \u003ca href=\"http://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/outlooks/monthly_seasonal_outlook.pdf\">according to\u003c/a> the National Interagency Fire Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire forecast follows a major heat wave in California, where the temperatures soared above 120°F (48.9°C) in some parts of Southern California. The region is seeing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/seasonal-temperature-trends-united-states-20040\">significant warming trend\u003c/a>. Each decade since 1970, average summer temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/seasonal-temperature-trends-united-states-20040\">have warmed\u003c/a> about 0.45°F (0.25°C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst of the fire season in Southern California may be yet to come, said \u003ca href=\"https://saffordlab.wordpress.com/people-2/\">Hugh Safford\u003c/a>, a U.S. Forest Service ecologist based in Vallejo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most dangerous fire conditions occur from the end of September to December, when Santa Ana winds from the desert interact with the driest fuels of the season after five to six months of drying,” he said. “I would expect an active fire season, and critical conditions in the fall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westerling said 140,000 acres have burned across Southern California this year — a figure that amounts to nearly four times the five-year average for annual acreage burned in an entire wildfire season in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming’s fingerprints can be clearly seen on this year’s fire season in California, where the state’s extreme drought is entering its fifth year and record-breaking heat has baked the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change has exacerbated naturally occurring droughts, and therefore fuel conditions,” said Robert Field, a research scientist at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worse the drought, the more of a tinderbox forests become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Higher temperatures exacerbate the drought by increasing evaporation and transpiration,” Westerling said. “Drier conditions mean highly flammable (wildfire) fuels. Drier conditions and high temperatures drive more extreme fire behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California fire conditions today are already bad as firefighters attempt to contain the Sand Fire and battle the \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4888/\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, which has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/07/29/soberanes-fire-containment-update/\">burned more than 31,000 acres\u003c/a> south of Monterey since the fire started on July 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sand Fire, burning in mountainous shrubland known as chaparral, has surprised wildfire scientists because of the speed with which it scorched the slopes north of Los Angeles. It’s an example of how climate change affects the way wildfires burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chaparral always burns at high intensity, but the mean size of chaparral fires has been growing,” Safford said. “We haven’t seen much change in the severity of these fires, but they are getting bigger on average, which may be due to drought-driven shrub mortality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead and dry trees do a lot to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-firefighters-wrangling-with-dead-trees-20471\">help fires spread\u003c/a>, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This last factor results in fire embers that are cast far ahead of the flaming front and leads to faster fire growth and more difficult control,” Safford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/884418/climate-change-signs-seen-in-california-wildfires",
"authors": [
"byline_science_884418"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_884445",
"label": "source_science_884418"
},
"science_863270": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_863270",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "863270",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1469051758000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1469051758,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Tree Climbers Clone Redwoods to Fight Climate Change",
"headTitle": "Tree Climbers Clone Redwoods to Fight Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>At the foot of a giant sequoia in California’s Sierra Nevada, two arborists stepped into harnesses then inched up ropes more than 20 stories into the dizzying canopy of a tree that survived thousands of years, enduring drought, wildfire and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, the arborists clipped off tips of young branches to be hand-delivered across the country, cloned in a lab and eventually planted in a forest in some other part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two are among a cadre of modern day Johnny Appleseeds who believe California’s giant sequoias and coastal redwoods are blessed with some of the heartiest genetics of any trees on Earth — and that propagating them will help reverse climate change, at least in a small way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a biological miracle,” said tree climber Jim Clark, firmly back on the ground and holding a green sprig to his lips as if to kiss it. “This piece of tissue … can be rooted, and we have a miniature 3,000-year-old tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cloning expedition to Camp Nelson, a mountain community about 100 miles southeast of Fresno, was led by David Milarch, co-founder of Archangel Ancient Tree Archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Michigan-based nurseryman preaches the urgency of restoring the Earth’s decimated forests. In two decades, he says his nonprofit group has cloned 170 types of trees and planted more than 300,000 of them in seven countries with willing landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a biological miracle. We have a miniature 3,000-year-old tree.’\u003ccite>Jim Clark\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a race against time,” Milarch said. “If we start right now, we can go after climate change and reverse it before it’s too late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sequoias growing in the Sierra are among the biggest and oldest trees on Earth, some nearly 300 feet tall and up to 3,000 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relying on common sense that he says is being borne out by science, Milarch, 66, believes their size and robustness make them ideal for absorbing greenhouse gases that drive climate change on the planet. He likens them to people who drink and smoke all their lives, yet thrive well into their 90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One skeptic is Todd Dawson, a professor of integrated biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He admires Archangel’s creative efforts but says it’s unclear whether the towering trees have superior genes or whether they were simply lucky not to meet the fate of a logger’s saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chances are slim, he said, that cloning and planting a limited number of trees will cool the warming planet. He favors more sweeping approaches such as curbing the use of fossil fuels and protecting vast rainforests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one of the things about global warming — it’s a global problem,” Dawson said. “You’re going to have to plant a lot of trees to combat global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of about a dozen expert tree climbers from across the country volunteered for the expedition in May to restock Archangel’s store of genetic samples. They risked their lives to climb to the ends of massive limbs, starting in the southern Sierra sequoia grove and winding up nearly 500 miles away in Northern California, where they carefully collected additional samples from coastal redwoods — a taller, thinner cousin of the giant sequoia. [contextly_sidebar id=”I6Je3Fpl7kMVmUyX8g4zO3Wr5pO1yOZZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark wrapped the clippings he gathered in damp newspaper, placed them inside ice-filled duffel bags and boarded an overnight flight to the Archangel’s lab across country in Copemish, a rural village in northwestern Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, Clark and another propagation specialist snipped off some 2,000 shoots a few inches long and planted them in small containers of a peat-and-gel mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 1,000 fingernail-sized bits of greenery were placed into jars containing a blend of seaweed-based gelatin and growth hormones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The samples grow beneath purplish fluorescent lights under humidity and temperatures designed to encourage rooting. Cloning ancient trees is tricky business, lab workers say, and many samples don’t survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this year, Archangel’s team will come west to plant up to 1,000 sequoia and redwood saplings in a cool, damp region of Oregon where the trees will have the best chance to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Werner, a horticulture consultant based in Monterey, California, who has worked with Archangel, says that in the face of global warming, it’s easy to dismiss the efforts of a “renegade” group that relies heavily on donations and volunteer nurserymen and arborists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not fair,” Werner said. “It may be a drop in the bucket, but at least somebody’s doing something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AP correspondent John Flesher contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 825,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704929892,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "At the foot of a giant sequoia in California’s Sierra Nevada, two arborists stepped into harnesses then inched up ropes more than 20 stories into the dizzying canopy of a tree that survived thousands of years, enduring drought, wildfire and disease. There, the arborists clipped off tips of young branches to be hand-delivered across the",
"title": "Tree Climbers Clone Redwoods to Fight Climate Change | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Tree Climbers Clone Redwoods to Fight Climate Change",
"datePublished": "2016-07-20T14:55:58-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:38:12-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "tree-climbers-clone-redwoods-fight-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Scott Smith/AP",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/863270/tree-climbers-clone-redwoods-fight-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the foot of a giant sequoia in California’s Sierra Nevada, two arborists stepped into harnesses then inched up ropes more than 20 stories into the dizzying canopy of a tree that survived thousands of years, enduring drought, wildfire and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, the arborists clipped off tips of young branches to be hand-delivered across the country, cloned in a lab and eventually planted in a forest in some other part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two are among a cadre of modern day Johnny Appleseeds who believe California’s giant sequoias and coastal redwoods are blessed with some of the heartiest genetics of any trees on Earth — and that propagating them will help reverse climate change, at least in a small way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a biological miracle,” said tree climber Jim Clark, firmly back on the ground and holding a green sprig to his lips as if to kiss it. “This piece of tissue … can be rooted, and we have a miniature 3,000-year-old tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cloning expedition to Camp Nelson, a mountain community about 100 miles southeast of Fresno, was led by David Milarch, co-founder of Archangel Ancient Tree Archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Michigan-based nurseryman preaches the urgency of restoring the Earth’s decimated forests. In two decades, he says his nonprofit group has cloned 170 types of trees and planted more than 300,000 of them in seven countries with willing landowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a biological miracle. We have a miniature 3,000-year-old tree.’\u003ccite>Jim Clark\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s really a race against time,” Milarch said. “If we start right now, we can go after climate change and reverse it before it’s too late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sequoias growing in the Sierra are among the biggest and oldest trees on Earth, some nearly 300 feet tall and up to 3,000 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relying on common sense that he says is being borne out by science, Milarch, 66, believes their size and robustness make them ideal for absorbing greenhouse gases that drive climate change on the planet. He likens them to people who drink and smoke all their lives, yet thrive well into their 90s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One skeptic is Todd Dawson, a professor of integrated biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He admires Archangel’s creative efforts but says it’s unclear whether the towering trees have superior genes or whether they were simply lucky not to meet the fate of a logger’s saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chances are slim, he said, that cloning and planting a limited number of trees will cool the warming planet. He favors more sweeping approaches such as curbing the use of fossil fuels and protecting vast rainforests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one of the things about global warming — it’s a global problem,” Dawson said. “You’re going to have to plant a lot of trees to combat global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of about a dozen expert tree climbers from across the country volunteered for the expedition in May to restock Archangel’s store of genetic samples. They risked their lives to climb to the ends of massive limbs, starting in the southern Sierra sequoia grove and winding up nearly 500 miles away in Northern California, where they carefully collected additional samples from coastal redwoods — a taller, thinner cousin of the giant sequoia. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark wrapped the clippings he gathered in damp newspaper, placed them inside ice-filled duffel bags and boarded an overnight flight to the Archangel’s lab across country in Copemish, a rural village in northwestern Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There, Clark and another propagation specialist snipped off some 2,000 shoots a few inches long and planted them in small containers of a peat-and-gel mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 1,000 fingernail-sized bits of greenery were placed into jars containing a blend of seaweed-based gelatin and growth hormones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The samples grow beneath purplish fluorescent lights under humidity and temperatures designed to encourage rooting. Cloning ancient trees is tricky business, lab workers say, and many samples don’t survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this year, Archangel’s team will come west to plant up to 1,000 sequoia and redwood saplings in a cool, damp region of Oregon where the trees will have the best chance to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Werner, a horticulture consultant based in Monterey, California, who has worked with Archangel, says that in the face of global warming, it’s easy to dismiss the efforts of a “renegade” group that relies heavily on donations and volunteer nurserymen and arborists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not fair,” Werner said. “It may be a drop in the bucket, but at least somebody’s doing something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AP correspondent John Flesher contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/863270/tree-climbers-clone-redwoods-fight-climate-change",
"authors": [
"byline_science_863270"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_5178",
"science_194",
"science_813",
"science_109"
],
"featImg": "science_863271",
"label": "science"
},
"science_619596": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_619596",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "619596",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459878881000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459878881,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick",
"headTitle": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Man-made global warming is making America sicker, and it’s only going to get worse, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\">federal government report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 332-page report issued Monday by the Obama administration said global warming will make the air dirtier, water more contaminated and food more tainted. It warned of diseases, such as those spread by ticks and mosquitoes, longer allergy seasons, and thousands of heat wave deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> chief Gina McCarthy said if that’s not enough, climate change affects people’s mental health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about polar bears and melting ice caps. It’s about our families. It’s about our future,” McCarthy said at a White House event unveiling the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change affects more people in more ways than anything doctors have seen in the past, said Surgeon General Vivek Murthy. He said the report allows doctors to better quantify “the sheer number of pathways through which climate affects health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes air pollution worsened from power plants, pollen and even wildfires, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not being able to breathe is one of the most frightening experience” for people, Murthy said. “We’re talking about scary moments for parents and children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is already the No. 1 cause of children going to the hospital and “now we’re seeing it worsening because of the heat, the allergens,” and air pollution, said Lynn Goldman, dean of the George Washington University’s public health school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House science adviser John Holdren highlighted heat waves, saying that even with some reduction in emissions of heat-trapping gases globally, “we can see thousands to tens of thousands of heat-related deaths in the United States each summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers of Disease Control and Prevention computer simulations of 209 cities show that extra summer heat deaths will outweigh fewer winter cold deaths from climate change, said CDC’s Shubhayu Saha, a study lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holdren said the report is based on more than 1,800 published scientific studies and new federal research, and was reviewed by the National Academies of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The report clearly establishes that climate change is a major threat to public health in the United States,” said Howard Frumkin, dean of the University of Washington’s public health school, who wasn’t part of the report. He said the government isn’t doing enough. “There is a vast disconnect between the magnitude of the problem, as outlined by this report, and the response of government health agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Josh Lederman contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 450,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704930401,
"excerpt": "Global warming is making America sicker, and will only get worse, according to a report issued by the Obama administration.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Global warming is making America sicker, and will only get worse, according to a report issued by the Obama administration.",
"title": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick",
"datePublished": "2016-04-05T10:54:41-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:41-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "federal-report-says-global-warming-is-making-us-sick",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/content/seth-borenstein\" target=\"_blank\">Seth Borenstein\u003c/a>,\u003c/br> \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"path": "/science/619596/federal-report-says-global-warming-is-making-us-sick",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Man-made global warming is making America sicker, and it’s only going to get worse, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\">federal government report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 332-page report issued Monday by the Obama administration said global warming will make the air dirtier, water more contaminated and food more tainted. It warned of diseases, such as those spread by ticks and mosquitoes, longer allergy seasons, and thousands of heat wave deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> chief Gina McCarthy said if that’s not enough, climate change affects people’s mental health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about polar bears and melting ice caps. It’s about our families. It’s about our future,” McCarthy said at a White House event unveiling the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change affects more people in more ways than anything doctors have seen in the past, said Surgeon General Vivek Murthy. He said the report allows doctors to better quantify “the sheer number of pathways through which climate affects health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes air pollution worsened from power plants, pollen and even wildfires, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not being able to breathe is one of the most frightening experience” for people, Murthy said. “We’re talking about scary moments for parents and children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is already the No. 1 cause of children going to the hospital and “now we’re seeing it worsening because of the heat, the allergens,” and air pollution, said Lynn Goldman, dean of the George Washington University’s public health school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House science adviser John Holdren highlighted heat waves, saying that even with some reduction in emissions of heat-trapping gases globally, “we can see thousands to tens of thousands of heat-related deaths in the United States each summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers of Disease Control and Prevention computer simulations of 209 cities show that extra summer heat deaths will outweigh fewer winter cold deaths from climate change, said CDC’s Shubhayu Saha, a study lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holdren said the report is based on more than 1,800 published scientific studies and new federal research, and was reviewed by the National Academies of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The report clearly establishes that climate change is a major threat to public health in the United States,” said Howard Frumkin, dean of the University of Washington’s public health school, who wasn’t part of the report. He said the government isn’t doing enough. “There is a vast disconnect between the magnitude of the problem, as outlined by this report, and the response of government health agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Josh Lederman contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/619596/federal-report-says-global-warming-is-making-us-sick",
"authors": [
"byline_science_619596"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_5181"
],
"featImg": "science_619601",
"label": "source_science_619596"
},
"science_604976": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_604976",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "604976",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459271201000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459271201,
"format": "image",
"title": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again",
"headTitle": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s been a winter for the books in the Arctic. Capping off a season of sustained, mind-boggling warm weather and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-record-low-again-20044\">stunted sea ice growth\u003c/a>, the annual Arctic sea ice maximum hit its lowest level ever recorded. That marks the second straight year that the winter maximum ice extent set a record low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen such a warm, crazy winter in the Arctic,” Mark Serreze, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Snow and Ice Data Center\u003c/a>, said in a statement. “The heat was relentless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with other indicators like global average temperature and sea level rise, the record-setting sea ice cover is a key example of how much climate change is affecting the planet. Diminished sea ice can impact the ability of Arctic species like polar bears and walruses to find food, and could \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/polar-vortex-whats-the-role-of-warming-18654\">impact the weather\u003c/a> across North America, Europe and Asia, though that connection is still contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Arctic is in crisis. Year by year, it’s slipping into a new state, and it’s hard to see how that won’t have an effect on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere,” Ted Scambos, an NSIDC lead scientist, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nsidc.org/news/newsroom/arctic-sets-yet-another-record-low-maximum-extent\">NSIDC announced on Monday\u003c/a> that Arctic sea ice hit its maximum extent for the winter on March 24, when it averaged 5.607 million square miles. That beat \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-hits-record-low-winter-peak-18795\">last year’s record low\u003c/a> of 5.612 million square miles, set on Feb. 25, 2015, by 5,000 square miles or just a bit smaller than the area of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ferqrZi4WF4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s peak came earlier than is typical, while this year’s was later than the average peak time. That late peak date sets up a shorter-than-normal ice melt season this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record low maximum doesn’t necessarily guarantee a record-low summer sea ice minimum, though, as ice melt depends heavily on Arctic weather patterns through the spring and summer months. Last year’s minimum was the\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-ice-4th-lowest-record-19455\">fourth lowest on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, though, Arctic sea ice has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/video-old-arctic-sea-ice-20112\">a clear decline\u003c/a> since satellites first began monitoring it in 1979. Since that time, winter sea ice extent has dropped 3.2 percent per decade, while the summer minimum has seen an even steeper drop of 13.7 percent per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline is linked to the rapid warming of the region, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, that warmth reached astounding levels, with air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean ranging from 4°F to 11°F (2°C to 6°C) above average in nearly every region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That incredible warmth helped contribute to January and February successively setting the record for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/february-winter-record-warm-for-planet-20150\">most anomalously warm months\u003c/a> globally in more than 130 years of record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 485,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704930425,
"excerpt": "Driven by global warming, the annual Arctic sea ice winter maximum extent hit a record low.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Driven by global warming, the annual Arctic sea ice winter maximum extent hit a record low.",
"title": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again",
"datePublished": "2016-03-29T10:06:41-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:47:05-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "arctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-peak-again",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>,Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/604976/arctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-peak-again",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been a winter for the books in the Arctic. Capping off a season of sustained, mind-boggling warm weather and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-record-low-again-20044\">stunted sea ice growth\u003c/a>, the annual Arctic sea ice maximum hit its lowest level ever recorded. That marks the second straight year that the winter maximum ice extent set a record low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen such a warm, crazy winter in the Arctic,” Mark Serreze, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Snow and Ice Data Center\u003c/a>, said in a statement. “The heat was relentless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with other indicators like global average temperature and sea level rise, the record-setting sea ice cover is a key example of how much climate change is affecting the planet. Diminished sea ice can impact the ability of Arctic species like polar bears and walruses to find food, and could \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/polar-vortex-whats-the-role-of-warming-18654\">impact the weather\u003c/a> across North America, Europe and Asia, though that connection is still contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Arctic is in crisis. Year by year, it’s slipping into a new state, and it’s hard to see how that won’t have an effect on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere,” Ted Scambos, an NSIDC lead scientist, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nsidc.org/news/newsroom/arctic-sets-yet-another-record-low-maximum-extent\">NSIDC announced on Monday\u003c/a> that Arctic sea ice hit its maximum extent for the winter on March 24, when it averaged 5.607 million square miles. That beat \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-hits-record-low-winter-peak-18795\">last year’s record low\u003c/a> of 5.612 million square miles, set on Feb. 25, 2015, by 5,000 square miles or just a bit smaller than the area of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ferqrZi4WF4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s peak came earlier than is typical, while this year’s was later than the average peak time. That late peak date sets up a shorter-than-normal ice melt season this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record low maximum doesn’t necessarily guarantee a record-low summer sea ice minimum, though, as ice melt depends heavily on Arctic weather patterns through the spring and summer months. Last year’s minimum was the\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-ice-4th-lowest-record-19455\">fourth lowest on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, though, Arctic sea ice has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/video-old-arctic-sea-ice-20112\">a clear decline\u003c/a> since satellites first began monitoring it in 1979. Since that time, winter sea ice extent has dropped 3.2 percent per decade, while the summer minimum has seen an even steeper drop of 13.7 percent per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline is linked to the rapid warming of the region, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, that warmth reached astounding levels, with air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean ranging from 4°F to 11°F (2°C to 6°C) above average in nearly every region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That incredible warmth helped contribute to January and February successively setting the record for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/february-winter-record-warm-for-planet-20150\">most anomalously warm months\u003c/a> globally in more than 130 years of record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/604976/arctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-peak-again",
"authors": [
"byline_science_604976"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_604987",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?tag=climate-change": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 576,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 634,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1338367",
"science_1330556",
"science_1299645",
"science_1210275",
"science_1164175",
"science_1016140",
"science_1014529",
"science_944002",
"science_884418",
"science_863270",
"science_619596",
"science_604976"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_tag_climate-change": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"source_science_884418": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_884418",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Central",
"link": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_619596": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_619596",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_1627": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1627",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1627",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1636,
"slug": "carbon-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon-emissions"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_5175": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5175",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5175",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NASA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NASA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5175,
"slug": "nasa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/nasa"
},
"science_5182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NOAA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5182,
"slug": "noaa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/noaa"
},
"science_32": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_32",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "32",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Education",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Education Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 34,
"slug": "education",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/education"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_3253": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3253",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3253",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate science Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3253,
"slug": "climate-science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-science"
},
"science_3221": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3221",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3221",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Donald Trump",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Donald Trump Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3221,
"slug": "donald-trump",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/donald-trump"
},
"science_134": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_134",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "134",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 138,
"slug": "energy-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/energy-2"
},
"science_140": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_140",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "140",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "renewable energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "renewable energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 144,
"slug": "renewable-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/renewable-energy"
},
"science_138": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_138",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "138",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 142,
"slug": "solar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/solar"
},
"science_187": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_187",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "187",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wind",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wind Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 191,
"slug": "wind",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wind"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_3197": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3197",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3197",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Colorado River",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Colorado River Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3197,
"slug": "colorado-river",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/colorado-river"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"science_5187": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5187",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5187",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Stanford University",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Stanford University Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5187,
"slug": "stanford-university",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/stanford-university"
},
"science_101": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_101",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "101",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Jerry Brown",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Jerry Brown Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 105,
"slug": "jerry-brown",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/jerry-brown"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_113": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_113",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "113",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildfire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildfire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "wildfire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildfire"
},
"science_5178": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5178",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5178",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5178,
"slug": "california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california"
},
"science_813": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_813",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "813",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "news",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "news Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 820,
"slug": "news-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/news-2"
},
"science_109": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_109",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "109",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sierra nevada",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sierra nevada Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 113,
"slug": "sierra-nevada",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sierra-nevada"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_5181": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5181",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5181",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5181,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/health"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
