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"content": "\u003cp>A new poll reveals Californians’ considerable anxiety about the effects of climate change on the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A record number of California adults, 71%, said they’re very concerned about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\">wildfires\u003c/a> becoming more severe due to global warming, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-the-environment-july-2019/.\">survey\u003c/a> conducted by the Public Policy Institute of California. That’s an increase of almost 10 percentage points over \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-statewide-survey-july-2018.pdf\">last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another 15% said they’re somewhat concerned about the worsening blazes. Last November’s Camp Fire, in Butte County, was the deadliest wildfire in the U.S. in 100 years, killing 85 people and destroying the town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Released every July since 2000, the PPIC survey measures Californians’ opinions about the environment. This year, the results showed that 63% of adults believe the effects of global warming have already begun. When asked about specific impacts other than wildfires, 49% said they were very concerned about heat waves increasing in severity, and 42% expressed the same concern about rising sea levels. But last winter’s heavy rains seem to have washed away Californians’ fears about drought: Just 30% said the water supply is a big problem, a dramatic drop from last year’s 48%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katharine Mach, who studies the impacts of climate change at Stanford, calls this year’s survey results “heartening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems … that Californians strongly recognize that climate change is not just about what’s happening to the average thermostat on planet Earth, but it’s really something [that] is driving up across complex hazards …” Mach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey showed African Americans and Latinos more concerned about global warming than other racial and ethnic groups: 73% of African Americans said that global warming was a very serious threat, compared to 66% of Latinos, 53% of Asian Americans, and 51% of whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans and Latinos… tend to have higher concerns about environmental issues,” said Mark Baldassare, president of PPIC. “It goes beyond politics to feelings of vulnerability being greater in both lower-income communities as well as in racial and ethnic groups … It’s notable and it’s important to keep in mind as policy makers think about climate resiliency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Support Strong for Climate Policies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey showed Californians continue to show strong agreement with the state’s efforts to address climate change:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>75% support requiring automakers to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cars\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>74% support encouraging local government to change land use and transportation to reduce driving\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>71% support SB-100, which requires that all of the state’s electricity come from renewable sources by 2045\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>67% support the state law that requires California to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>64% support California making its own environmental policies to address global warming, separate from the federal government\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>57% support Gov. Gavin Newsom’s bill creating a $21 billion wildfire insurance fund to pay for future wildfire damages\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>53% support the state’s cap-and-trade system, which provides companies with incentives to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Also of note, 71% support Newsom’s use of cap-and-trade revenue to fund his clean water plan, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943578/climate-funds-for-clean-water-democrats-enviro-groups-are-split\">controversial\u003c/a> budget maneuver among some environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also revealed that Californians consider the environment important in their political decision making: 80% of voters said they would consider the candidates’ positions on the environment either very or somewhat important in the upcoming election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for President Trump, while state residents give him an anemic 32% job approval rating, they rate him even worse on the environment, with 26% approving of his polices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Californians were most in agreement on the subject of the coastline: 95% said that the condition of oceans and beaches is very or somewhat important to the state’s economy and Californians’ quality of life, with 77% rating it as very important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PPIC surveyed 1,706 adults for the study. The margin of error was plus or minus 3.4%.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wildfire smoke isn’t great for anybody, but a new rule California regulators vote on today recognizes that it’s particularly dangerous for workers while they’re on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board will decide whether to require employers to offer workers additional protections under specific circumstances when air quality is poor. The move comes after especially active fire seasons in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all of California, and it’s not just a certain time, it’s all year round,” says attorney Nicole Marquez, with the advocacy group Worksafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Nicole Marquez, Worksafe']It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us. Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.[/pullquote]Small and often toxic particles of pollution in smoke — also called PM2.5 — cause chest pain and coughing, trigger asthma attacks, and boost hospital admissions during wildfires. Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke-Emergency-txtbrdconsider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed rule\u003c/a>, employers who cannot reschedule shifts or move their workers away from smoke hazards must provide them with N95 filtering masks when air quality reaches “unhealthy” levels on the air quality index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that way, they can use those respirators,” Marquez says, “and not be told that you have to go to Home Depot to buy an N95 when your employer should really be providing that for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires still burned last December, Worksafe, the California Labor Foundation, and the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation together petitioned the state’s Department of Industrial Regulation about the health risks of wildfire smoke on outdoor jobs such as construction, landscaping and farming. In March, the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/petition-573-adopteddecision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved consideration\u003c/a> of an emergency rule. Thursday, the board will consider both whether an emergency is happening, and if so, whether a temporary rule should take effect for 180 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1926793']“It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us,” Marquez says. “Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful wildfire smoke has long been common in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929784/breathing-fire-californias-central-valley-bears-the-brunt-of-harmful-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley\u003c/a> and in Southern California. But last year Northern California fires smothered San Francisco in more than a week of days deemed unhealthy on the AQI, and bad air hovered for almost two weeks in San Jose and Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the hazard of wildfire smoke is difficult for geophysical reasons: Smoke interacts with weather and wind patterns, for example, which is why the Bay Area’s inversion layers have locked pollutants in place for longer periods of time. And particles of the same size can contain different combinations and different amounts of toxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, research is establishing stronger evidence that breathing smoke bears long-term health impacts as well as the acute ones during the fire itself. A \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GH000144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published last year projected that premature deaths associated with wildfire smoke could double nationally by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups and the Chamber of Commerce have not objected to the rule in principle, but have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/Comments-1/Chamber-Coalition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiqued\u003c/a> it as “impractically vague” and broad in scope. State workplace officials are already moving toward a permanent regulation, with a meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled\u003c/a> August 27th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Small and often toxic particles of pollution in smoke — also called PM2.5 — cause chest pain and coughing, trigger asthma attacks, and boost hospital admissions during wildfires. Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke-Emergency-txtbrdconsider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed rule\u003c/a>, employers who cannot reschedule shifts or move their workers away from smoke hazards must provide them with N95 filtering masks when air quality reaches “unhealthy” levels on the air quality index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that way, they can use those respirators,” Marquez says, “and not be told that you have to go to Home Depot to buy an N95 when your employer should really be providing that for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires still burned last December, Worksafe, the California Labor Foundation, and the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation together petitioned the state’s Department of Industrial Regulation about the health risks of wildfire smoke on outdoor jobs such as construction, landscaping and farming. In March, the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/petition-573-adopteddecision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved consideration\u003c/a> of an emergency rule. Thursday, the board will consider both whether an emergency is happening, and if so, whether a temporary rule should take effect for 180 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us,” Marquez says. “Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful wildfire smoke has long been common in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929784/breathing-fire-californias-central-valley-bears-the-brunt-of-harmful-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley\u003c/a> and in Southern California. But last year Northern California fires smothered San Francisco in more than a week of days deemed unhealthy on the AQI, and bad air hovered for almost two weeks in San Jose and Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the hazard of wildfire smoke is difficult for geophysical reasons: Smoke interacts with weather and wind patterns, for example, which is why the Bay Area’s inversion layers have locked pollutants in place for longer periods of time. And particles of the same size can contain different combinations and different amounts of toxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, research is establishing stronger evidence that breathing smoke bears long-term health impacts as well as the acute ones during the fire itself. A \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GH000144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published last year projected that premature deaths associated with wildfire smoke could double nationally by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups and the Chamber of Commerce have not objected to the rule in principle, but have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/Comments-1/Chamber-Coalition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiqued\u003c/a> it as “impractically vague” and broad in scope. State workplace officials are already moving toward a permanent regulation, with a meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled\u003c/a> August 27th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Study: Climate Change a Leading Driver of California's Wildfires",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944972/this-will-be-a-sweltering-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heating up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11759209' label='MAP: Do You Live In a High-Risk Fire Zone']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is driving an increase in the land burned by California wildfires every year as the arid weather dries out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, according to new \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research \u003c/a>that published this week in the journal\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23284277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Earth’s Future.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer forest fires are pushing up the annual burn rates across the state, according to Park Williams, the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a five-fold increase in areas of California that burn in any given year,” said Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “But just in the summer forest fire areas, we have seen an eight-fold increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfire activity has been increasing for the last 50 years, and the dominant driver of the increase is warming that is “very likely human-caused climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have said that climate change is baking California’s forests, but the wildfires are also driven by other factors, including forest management techniques and natural climate variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disentangling all the wildfire drivers is complicated, but Williams calls climate change “decisive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the new research suggests that arid and hot conditions, in particular, were key reasons for the devastating forest fires that burned in recent years. The Tubbs fire killed 22 people and burned 36,807 acres in 2017, and last year’s Camp Fire killed 85 people and torched an incredible 153,336 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two fires are the worst on record in California. Of the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/TJ8GC2k96Qfp4jYATn8Zi3?domain=fire.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occurred since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we compare the records of forest fire areas in California against all the variables out there, the strongest correlation by far is the aridity of the atmosphere, and that’s driven by temperature,” said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944996\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Area burned by California wildfires in thousands of square kilometers, 1972-2018. Specific regions studied are at upper left. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Williams et al., 2019)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meg Krawchuk, a fire ecologist at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the study is a thorough assessment of relationships between area burned and climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incredibly important for all of us living in areas vulnerable to wildfire to more thoroughly appreciate how climate, and anthropogenic climate change more specifically, is contributing to the fires we’re experiencing in recent decades,” said Krawchuk, who was not involved in the study.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon E. Keeley, a fire scientist with the US Geological Survey, said he agrees that rising temperatures are drying out forests and playing a major role in the increase in wildfire activity during the summer. “The hot air dries out fuels and makes the forests more flammable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he disagrees with another portion of the paper that emphasized the role that climate change plays in coastal and Southern California. He said the problem is that people there are starting more fires, either intentionally or with infrastructure like power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fire, climate is important but it’s not the only show in town,” said Keeley, who did not participate in the study. “I think the real issue is population growth. We’ve added 6 million more people in the last 18 years, you can’t overlook that and address that as an important factor. The increases in fire are, in large part, due to ignition during extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there are many reasons that fire threatens to unleash disaster and chaos in more California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, forest managers suppress naturally-occurring fires. Federal agencies resist \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942384/california-lagging-way-behind-southeast-in-prescribed-burns-to-curb-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing \u003c/a>prescribed burns in California when they’re needed, which would curb the risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, as wildfire-susceptible areas expand statewide, new Californians keep \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pouring into them\u003c/a>. By midcentury, home builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new units in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are major factors, but Williams reiterates that a warming climate is the most powerful lever. As the atmosphere heats up, it acts like a sponge, soaking moisture out of the state’s forests — which increases the risk of a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer the atmosphere gets, the more moisture it can pull out of forests. Each degree of warming does more to promote fire than the previous degree, according to Williams, who said that large fires are likely to become increasingly frequent with continued warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can learn to survive wildfire in a warming world. It will mean big changes in how we think and live. Read some of the stories of people leading the way in communities across the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is driving an increase in the land burned by California wildfires every year as the arid weather dries out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, according to new \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research \u003c/a>that published this week in the journal\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23284277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Earth’s Future.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer forest fires are pushing up the annual burn rates across the state, according to Park Williams, the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a five-fold increase in areas of California that burn in any given year,” said Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “But just in the summer forest fire areas, we have seen an eight-fold increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfire activity has been increasing for the last 50 years, and the dominant driver of the increase is warming that is “very likely human-caused climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have said that climate change is baking California’s forests, but the wildfires are also driven by other factors, including forest management techniques and natural climate variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disentangling all the wildfire drivers is complicated, but Williams calls climate change “decisive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the new research suggests that arid and hot conditions, in particular, were key reasons for the devastating forest fires that burned in recent years. The Tubbs fire killed 22 people and burned 36,807 acres in 2017, and last year’s Camp Fire killed 85 people and torched an incredible 153,336 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two fires are the worst on record in California. Of the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/TJ8GC2k96Qfp4jYATn8Zi3?domain=fire.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occurred since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we compare the records of forest fire areas in California against all the variables out there, the strongest correlation by far is the aridity of the atmosphere, and that’s driven by temperature,” said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944996\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Area burned by California wildfires in thousands of square kilometers, 1972-2018. Specific regions studied are at upper left. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Williams et al., 2019)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meg Krawchuk, a fire ecologist at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the study is a thorough assessment of relationships between area burned and climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incredibly important for all of us living in areas vulnerable to wildfire to more thoroughly appreciate how climate, and anthropogenic climate change more specifically, is contributing to the fires we’re experiencing in recent decades,” said Krawchuk, who was not involved in the study.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon E. Keeley, a fire scientist with the US Geological Survey, said he agrees that rising temperatures are drying out forests and playing a major role in the increase in wildfire activity during the summer. “The hot air dries out fuels and makes the forests more flammable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he disagrees with another portion of the paper that emphasized the role that climate change plays in coastal and Southern California. He said the problem is that people there are starting more fires, either intentionally or with infrastructure like power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fire, climate is important but it’s not the only show in town,” said Keeley, who did not participate in the study. “I think the real issue is population growth. We’ve added 6 million more people in the last 18 years, you can’t overlook that and address that as an important factor. The increases in fire are, in large part, due to ignition during extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there are many reasons that fire threatens to unleash disaster and chaos in more California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, forest managers suppress naturally-occurring fires. Federal agencies resist \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942384/california-lagging-way-behind-southeast-in-prescribed-burns-to-curb-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing \u003c/a>prescribed burns in California when they’re needed, which would curb the risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, as wildfire-susceptible areas expand statewide, new Californians keep \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pouring into them\u003c/a>. By midcentury, home builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new units in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are major factors, but Williams reiterates that a warming climate is the most powerful lever. As the atmosphere heats up, it acts like a sponge, soaking moisture out of the state’s forests — which increases the risk of a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer the atmosphere gets, the more moisture it can pull out of forests. Each degree of warming does more to promote fire than the previous degree, according to Williams, who said that large fires are likely to become increasingly frequent with continued warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can learn to survive wildfire in a warming world. It will mean big changes in how we think and live. Read some of the stories of people leading the way in communities across the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Will Be a Sweltering Century in California and the Nation",
"headTitle": "This Will Be a Sweltering Century in California and the Nation | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Extreme heat \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/phoenix-flights-canceled-heat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grounds\u003c/a> planes in Arizona. Last year in Australia, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-44720166\">blamed\u003c/a> it for melting tires on a road. And during a particularly brutal July in 2006, heat \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/epic/impacts-biological-systems/heat-related-mortality-and-morbidity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed\u003c/a> at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627866/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">163 Californians\u003c/a>, with state epidemiologists estimating that it contributed to hundreds more deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' size='medium' citation='Kristina Dahl, Union of Concerned Scientists']‘These results are really terrifying to me.’[/pullquote]If emissions aren’t seriously curbed — that is, even if the climate continues to warm with some abatement — researchers at the Union of Concerned Scientists say millions more people in California alone can expect at least \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a month\u003c/a> of extreme heat days each year, those days bringing with them more health risks and rippling environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in the next few decades we’ll see \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major increases\u003c/a> in the frequency of really hot days,” says Kristina Dahl, a researcher with the Union of Concerned Scientists, who authored the study. “These results are really terrifying to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global climate models project how the planet will warm under various scenarios, anticipating a range of atmospheric conditions. The study’s authors ran climate models with two different emissions scenarios: one, where emissions begin to be curbed by mid-century; and a second, where no policies achieve significant reductions in emissions. Using daily high temperatures, the researchers calculated what’s known as heat indexes for cities and counties \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a>; the heat index is what the temperature “feels like” when humidity is taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/6OZjI/8/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along a national “sunbelt,” inland cities, including in California’s Central Valley, could count dramatic increases in days with a heat index above 105 degrees. Until recently, Fresno averaged three such days a year, but the study found by late century, Fresno could have 58 days that feel like 105 degrees, in the absence of emissions limits. Even if governments rapidly move toward arresting global warming at a threshold of 2 degrees Celsius, parts of the Central Valley could still experience more than two-and-a-half weeks of heat that severe each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where high heat is already common, as in Southern California, the study projects it will continue to grow. Los Angeles has experienced a heat index of 90 for twenty days a year, on average; even with some emissions curbed, the study projects that number will triple toward the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/37joO/12/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indio, a Sonoran Desert town in San Bernardino County, historically has racked up more than 100 high heat days a year, but it’s been rare that the heat index is so high as to be “off the charts.” Without action to curb emissions, the study’s authors say Indio can expect, on average, 37 days a year of excessive and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Significantly, modeling suggests that the most dramatic transformations in the state are likely to come where the climate has been temperate — along the coast and in Northern California. Within a half century, the Sonoma County town of Petaluma could have 11 times as many days where the heat feels like 90 degrees. Santa Barbara County could have 27 times the number of days where that happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' size='small']To Protect Yourself and Loved Ones From Heat:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Drink more water whether you’re active or not\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Go to an air-conditioned building, such as a library, movie theater, senior center, grocery store, or shopping mall.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check on elderly people twice day\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753650/bay-area-braces-for-extreme-heat-advisory-in-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">these tips\u003c/a> from KQED’s audience[/pullquote]\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>No one heat index or temperature definitely protects against health risks, and no one threshold triggers public response to heat. According to the National Weather Service, heat cramps, sun stroke, and heat exhaustion are possible at a heat index of 90 for some groups; in California, state labor regulations offer outdoor workers additional protections at that point. At a heat index of 105, according to federal authorities, even healthy adults are at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study may well underestimate some contributions to rising heat, especially in cities. In the built environment, concrete, asphalt and glass warm cities; so does energy consumption, including air conditioners that release heat to the atmosphere; so do greenhouse gases, like those released from cars and power plants. The resulting urban heat island isn’t accounted for in the new study, according to Dahl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That makes some of the results we have for cities conservative,” she says, “because, realistically, they’ll be experiencing even hotter temperatures earlier than we’re projecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the projections don’t account at all for some other climate-driven temperature shifts. In temperate northern California, nighttime lows have risen, making it harder for people’s bodies to recover when they become overheated. In 2017, during a Labor Day heat wave in San Francisco, it was still \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932692/climate-change-dishes-up-dangerous-heat-even-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 degrees near midnight\u003c/a>; that weekend, the city’s coroner’s office counted six deaths attributable to heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Dahl says the new study focuses solely on high heat index days, “we do know that if people don’t have the opportunity to cool down at night, their bodies just carry that potential heat stress over from one day to the next, and that can build up over time.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/a>Some Bay Area counties trigger warnings well below a heat index of 90 degrees. The city of San Francisco considers it an extreme heat day when temperatures hit 85; based on Cal-Adapt projections, by late century city officials are \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=093e26ddb26a4e3180fa1e35158858bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planning for \u003c/a>that to happen 15 days a year. Last month, San Francisco’s departments of public health and emergency management \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-breed-announces-update-citys-air-quality-and-extreme-weather-emergency-preparedness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated\u003c/a> the city’s emergency plan, including directions for respite centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a heat wave last month in San Francisco, two sites in Bayview and Hunters’ Point, Mother Brown’s Kitchen and the Adult Day Senior Center, provided cooling resources to their clients. The San Francisco Foundation has funded that work with a grant to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.empowersf.org/resilientbayview/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient Bayview\u003c/a> initiative, a program of the city’s Neighborhood Empowerment Network. The network also sponsors block-by-block potlucks known as Neighborfests; the idea is that through planning a party, neighbors can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">develop skills\u003c/a> in community resilience and disaster response. This year, San Francisco’s Neighborfest idea is expanding in the East Bay and \u003ca href=\"https://srcity.org/2897/Neighborfest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Santa Rosa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts say planning for diffuse and spotty heat waves in the greater Bay Area is challenging when there’s no historical practice or a response infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’ve had the impetus to take my kids to the library, thinking, ‘Well, of course the library will be cool,’ but not all of the libraries here are air-conditioned,” says UCS’s Dahl, a San Francisco resident. “So we don’t have places to escape the heat when our homes aren’t air-conditioned here in the Bay Area.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risks related to heat, such as wildfires and air pollution, aren’t analyzed in the study. And local public officials are still taking the full measure of heat’s impacts. In San Mateo County, officials are using a CalTrans planning grant to study climate hazards, map heat islands where the tree canopy is low and more vulnerable people live, and communicate risk to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jasneet Sharma, an acting program manager for sustainability in San Mateo County, says the county is considering wider impacts. For example, sustained high temperatures threaten public transit systems by warping tracks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“An inability to cool homes would mean not just discomfort but unsafe conditions for seniors, farmworkers on the coastside and vulnerable community members,” Sharma says. “We know for certain we’re going to be impacted by rising heat. The full story goes beyond just the temperatures.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers say millions more people in California alone can expect at least a month of extreme heat days every year. Find out the predictions for your area, and for other states.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Extreme heat \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/phoenix-flights-canceled-heat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grounds\u003c/a> planes in Arizona. Last year in Australia, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-44720166\">blamed\u003c/a> it for melting tires on a road. And during a particularly brutal July in 2006, heat \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/epic/impacts-biological-systems/heat-related-mortality-and-morbidity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed\u003c/a> at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627866/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">163 Californians\u003c/a>, with state epidemiologists estimating that it contributed to hundreds more deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If emissions aren’t seriously curbed — that is, even if the climate continues to warm with some abatement — researchers at the Union of Concerned Scientists say millions more people in California alone can expect at least \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a month\u003c/a> of extreme heat days each year, those days bringing with them more health risks and rippling environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in the next few decades we’ll see \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major increases\u003c/a> in the frequency of really hot days,” says Kristina Dahl, a researcher with the Union of Concerned Scientists, who authored the study. “These results are really terrifying to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global climate models project how the planet will warm under various scenarios, anticipating a range of atmospheric conditions. The study’s authors ran climate models with two different emissions scenarios: one, where emissions begin to be curbed by mid-century; and a second, where no policies achieve significant reductions in emissions. Using daily high temperatures, the researchers calculated what’s known as heat indexes for cities and counties \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a>; the heat index is what the temperature “feels like” when humidity is taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/6OZjI/8/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along a national “sunbelt,” inland cities, including in California’s Central Valley, could count dramatic increases in days with a heat index above 105 degrees. Until recently, Fresno averaged three such days a year, but the study found by late century, Fresno could have 58 days that feel like 105 degrees, in the absence of emissions limits. Even if governments rapidly move toward arresting global warming at a threshold of 2 degrees Celsius, parts of the Central Valley could still experience more than two-and-a-half weeks of heat that severe each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where high heat is already common, as in Southern California, the study projects it will continue to grow. Los Angeles has experienced a heat index of 90 for twenty days a year, on average; even with some emissions curbed, the study projects that number will triple toward the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/37joO/12/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indio, a Sonoran Desert town in San Bernardino County, historically has racked up more than 100 high heat days a year, but it’s been rare that the heat index is so high as to be “off the charts.” Without action to curb emissions, the study’s authors say Indio can expect, on average, 37 days a year of excessive and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Significantly, modeling suggests that the most dramatic transformations in the state are likely to come where the climate has been temperate — along the coast and in Northern California. Within a half century, the Sonoma County town of Petaluma could have 11 times as many days where the heat feels like 90 degrees. Santa Barbara County could have 27 times the number of days where that happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "To Protect Yourself and Loved Ones From Heat:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Drink more water whether you’re active or not\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Go to an air-conditioned building, such as a library, movie theater, senior center, grocery store, or shopping mall.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check on elderly people twice day\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753650/bay-area-braces-for-extreme-heat-advisory-in-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">these tips\u003c/a> from KQED’s audience",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>No one heat index or temperature definitely protects against health risks, and no one threshold triggers public response to heat. According to the National Weather Service, heat cramps, sun stroke, and heat exhaustion are possible at a heat index of 90 for some groups; in California, state labor regulations offer outdoor workers additional protections at that point. At a heat index of 105, according to federal authorities, even healthy adults are at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study may well underestimate some contributions to rising heat, especially in cities. In the built environment, concrete, asphalt and glass warm cities; so does energy consumption, including air conditioners that release heat to the atmosphere; so do greenhouse gases, like those released from cars and power plants. The resulting urban heat island isn’t accounted for in the new study, according to Dahl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That makes some of the results we have for cities conservative,” she says, “because, realistically, they’ll be experiencing even hotter temperatures earlier than we’re projecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the projections don’t account at all for some other climate-driven temperature shifts. In temperate northern California, nighttime lows have risen, making it harder for people’s bodies to recover when they become overheated. In 2017, during a Labor Day heat wave in San Francisco, it was still \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932692/climate-change-dishes-up-dangerous-heat-even-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 degrees near midnight\u003c/a>; that weekend, the city’s coroner’s office counted six deaths attributable to heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Dahl says the new study focuses solely on high heat index days, “we do know that if people don’t have the opportunity to cool down at night, their bodies just carry that potential heat stress over from one day to the next, and that can build up over time.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/a>Some Bay Area counties trigger warnings well below a heat index of 90 degrees. The city of San Francisco considers it an extreme heat day when temperatures hit 85; based on Cal-Adapt projections, by late century city officials are \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=093e26ddb26a4e3180fa1e35158858bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planning for \u003c/a>that to happen 15 days a year. Last month, San Francisco’s departments of public health and emergency management \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-breed-announces-update-citys-air-quality-and-extreme-weather-emergency-preparedness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated\u003c/a> the city’s emergency plan, including directions for respite centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a heat wave last month in San Francisco, two sites in Bayview and Hunters’ Point, Mother Brown’s Kitchen and the Adult Day Senior Center, provided cooling resources to their clients. The San Francisco Foundation has funded that work with a grant to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.empowersf.org/resilientbayview/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient Bayview\u003c/a> initiative, a program of the city’s Neighborhood Empowerment Network. The network also sponsors block-by-block potlucks known as Neighborfests; the idea is that through planning a party, neighbors can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">develop skills\u003c/a> in community resilience and disaster response. This year, San Francisco’s Neighborfest idea is expanding in the East Bay and \u003ca href=\"https://srcity.org/2897/Neighborfest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Santa Rosa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts say planning for diffuse and spotty heat waves in the greater Bay Area is challenging when there’s no historical practice or a response infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’ve had the impetus to take my kids to the library, thinking, ‘Well, of course the library will be cool,’ but not all of the libraries here are air-conditioned,” says UCS’s Dahl, a San Francisco resident. “So we don’t have places to escape the heat when our homes aren’t air-conditioned here in the Bay Area.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risks related to heat, such as wildfires and air pollution, aren’t analyzed in the study. And local public officials are still taking the full measure of heat’s impacts. In San Mateo County, officials are using a CalTrans planning grant to study climate hazards, map heat islands where the tree canopy is low and more vulnerable people live, and communicate risk to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jasneet Sharma, an acting program manager for sustainability in San Mateo County, says the county is considering wider impacts. For example, sustained high temperatures threaten public transit systems by warping tracks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“An inability to cool homes would mean not just discomfort but unsafe conditions for seniors, farmworkers on the coastside and vulnerable community members,” Sharma says. “We know for certain we’re going to be impacted by rising heat. The full story goes beyond just the temperatures.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Here's What Each Democratic Candidate Said About Climate Change During the Debates",
"headTitle": "Here’s What Each Democratic Candidate Said About Climate Change During the Debates | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Kamala Harris\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11757814/kamala-harris-swings-at-joe-biden-while-eric-swalwell-strives-to-stand-out-in-democratic-debate\"> taking a swing\u003c/a> at Joe Biden on racial issues is one of the standout moments of the first two Democratic presidential primary debates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about climate change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing similar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The candidates spent about \u003ca href=\"https://psmag.com/environment/democrats-spent-15-minutes-talking-about-climate-change-at-the-primary-debates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 minutes\u003c/a> over both nights discussing the issue, disappointing many Democratic activists who have increased \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/28/18906968/democratic-debate-2019-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calls\u003c/a> for a debate focused only on climate, an issue, they say, that’s just too big and complicated to unpack during a short debate segment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pundits and writers, including the Atlantic’s Robinson Meyer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/06/democrats-still-dont-know-how-to-talk-about-climate-change/592711/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> harangued \u003c/a>Democrats for their shortcomings in how they talk about the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while they may struggle on a debate stage, many have published detailed climate plans (Vox outlined those \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2019/6/25/18715447/green-new-deal-climate-change-first-democrat-debate\">here\u003c/a>), most notably Washington Gov. Jay Inslee, who has made climate the central priority of his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How candidates frame the issue of climate change is important, according to Leah Stokes, a political scientist who works on environmental policy at the University of California, Santa Barbara. For one thing, it’s a mistake for candidates to frame the issue in terms of “doomsday,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not actually a great way to communicate on climate change and definitely not for a politician running for president,” she said. “You have to create a vision for people, you have to give them hope. You can’t just lead with devastation and a question mark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates should talk about a “climate crisis” and convey the scope of the problem, rather than using language like “climate change” or “global warming.” This is something that some \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22climate+crisis%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media organizations\u003c/a> have started to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Climate crisis’ resonates with people on an emotional level,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge for candidates is to bring a measure of hope into their message, and include the possibility of innovation, economic opportunity and job creation. “There are ways that you can talk about climate change that makes the stakes clear for people but don’t leave them in a state of fear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what \u003cem>did\u003c/em> the candidates say? Below is how each of the participants who talked about climate framed the issue, and the plans they cited for addressing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every candidate was asked about climate change, but several, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren, brought it up on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other candidates, like Sen. Michael Bennet and Andrew Yang, the tech entrepreneur, mentioned climate change briefly in a response to a lightning-round style question about the first issue of their presidency. (The New York Times has charts with how much time each candidate spent talking about each issue in both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/us/elections/debate-speaking-time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/27/us/elections/debate-speaking-time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second\u003c/a> debates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Washington Gov. Jay Inslee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “Our towns are burning, our fields are flooding, Miami is inundated … this is a climate crisis, an emergency and it is our last chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>I am the candidate, and the only one to say this has to be the top priority of the United States. The organizing principle to mobilize the United States so that we can do what we’ve always done, lead the world and invent the future and put 8 million people to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former Rep. Beto O’Rourke \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “You have to bring everybody in on the decisions and the solutions to the challenges that we face … We were in Pacific Junction, a town that had never meaningfully flooded before, just up against the Missouri River in Iowa. Every home in that community had flooded\u003ci>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>We are going to fund resiliency in those communities…that are on the front lines of climate change today. We’re going to mobilize $5 trillion in this economy over the next 10 years to free ourselves from a dependence on fossil fuels, and we’re to put farmers and ranchers in the driver’s seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former HUD Secretary Julián Castro\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>My first visit after I announced my candidacy wasn’t to Iowa or New Hampshire, it was to San Juan, Puerto Rico.” [Devastated by a hurricane in 2017].\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should know that if I’m elected president everybody will count.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key Argument:\u003c/em> “I’m one of the few candidates in this race with executive experience with a track record of getting things done. When I was mayor of San Antonio, we moved our local public utility. We began to shift it from coal-fired plants to solar and other renewables and also created more than 800 jobs doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Elizabeth Warren\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warren wasn’t asked about climate, but she tied the issue to an argument about the U.S. economy, which she says only works for people at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “Who is this economy really working for? … It’s doing great for giant oil companies that want to drill everywhere, just not for the rest of us who are watching climate change bear down upon us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Tim Ryan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “If we don’t address that fundamental problem with our connection to workers — white, black, brown, gay, straight working-class people — none of this is going to get done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “We are not connecting to the middle-class people. We have got to hinge the center of gravity from being coastal and elitist and Ivy League … to getting those workers back on our side so we can say: ‘we are going to build solar, we are going to build electric vehicles.'”\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFormer Rep. John Delaney\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaney wasn’t asked about climate change, but he interjected to make a point about using a tax to fight it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “All the economist agree that a carbon pricing mechanism works. You just have to do it right. You can’t put a price on carbon, raise energy prices and not give the money back to the American people. My proposal, which is put a price on carbon, give a dividend back to the American people — it goes out one pocket, back in the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Kamala Harris\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “I don’t even call it climate change, it is the climate crisis. It represents an existential threat to us as a species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key Argument\u003c/em>: “I\u003cb>\u003c/b>t is a critical issue that is about what we must do to confront what is immediate and before us right now. That is why I support a Green New Deal. It is why I believe on day one, as president I will re-enter us in the Paris agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mayor Pete Buttigieg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “This is not just happening on the Arctic ice caps. This is happening in the middle of the country, and we’ve got to be dramatically more aggressive moving forward … R\u003cb>\u003c/b>ural America can be part of the solution instead of being told they’re part of the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “We need to begin adapting right away. But we also can’t skip a beat on preventing climate change from getting even worse … That’s why we need to do a carbon tax and dividend. But I would propose we do it in a way that is rebated out to the American people in a progressive fashion so that most Americans are made more than whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former Gov. John Hickenlooper\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>I recognize that we are within 10 or 12 years of actually suffering irreversible damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “We can’t demonize every business, we’ve got to bring them together to be partners. Ultimately, if we’re not able to do that, we will be doomed to failure. We have no way of doing this without bringing everyone together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former Vice President Joe Biden\u003c/strong>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “We make up 15 percent of the problem. Eighty-five percent of the world makes up the rest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>Our administration, we built the largest wind farm in the world, the largest solar energy facility in the world. We drove down the competitive price of both of those renewable sources … W\u003cb>\u003c/b>e have to have someone who knows how to corral the rest of the world, bring them together and get something done like we did in our administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Bernie Sanders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “The old ways are no longer relevant. The scientists tell us we have 12 years before [there] is an irreparable damage to this planet. This is a global issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>What the president of the United States should do is not deny the reality of climate change but tell the rest of the world that instead of spending a trillion-and-a-half dollars on weapons of destruction, let us get together with a common enemy. And that is to transform the world energy system away from fossil fuel to energy efficiency and sustainable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The candidates spent about 15 minutes over both nights discussing the issue, disappointing many Democratic activists who are calling for a debate focused only on climate. Here's how each candidate talked about the issue.",
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"description": "The candidates spent about 15 minutes over both nights discussing the issue, disappointing many Democratic activists who are calling for a debate focused only on climate. Here's how each candidate talked about the issue.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kamala Harris\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11757814/kamala-harris-swings-at-joe-biden-while-eric-swalwell-strives-to-stand-out-in-democratic-debate\"> taking a swing\u003c/a> at Joe Biden on racial issues is one of the standout moments of the first two Democratic presidential primary debates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about climate change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing similar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The candidates spent about \u003ca href=\"https://psmag.com/environment/democrats-spent-15-minutes-talking-about-climate-change-at-the-primary-debates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">15 minutes\u003c/a> over both nights discussing the issue, disappointing many Democratic activists who have increased \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/6/28/18906968/democratic-debate-2019-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calls\u003c/a> for a debate focused only on climate, an issue, they say, that’s just too big and complicated to unpack during a short debate segment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pundits and writers, including the Atlantic’s Robinson Meyer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/06/democrats-still-dont-know-how-to-talk-about-climate-change/592711/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> harangued \u003c/a>Democrats for their shortcomings in how they talk about the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while they may struggle on a debate stage, many have published detailed climate plans (Vox outlined those \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2019/6/25/18715447/green-new-deal-climate-change-first-democrat-debate\">here\u003c/a>), most notably Washington Gov. Jay Inslee, who has made climate the central priority of his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How candidates frame the issue of climate change is important, according to Leah Stokes, a political scientist who works on environmental policy at the University of California, Santa Barbara. For one thing, it’s a mistake for candidates to frame the issue in terms of “doomsday,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not actually a great way to communicate on climate change and definitely not for a politician running for president,” she said. “You have to create a vision for people, you have to give them hope. You can’t just lead with devastation and a question mark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates should talk about a “climate crisis” and convey the scope of the problem, rather than using language like “climate change” or “global warming.” This is something that some \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=%22climate+crisis%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media organizations\u003c/a> have started to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Climate crisis’ resonates with people on an emotional level,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge for candidates is to bring a measure of hope into their message, and include the possibility of innovation, economic opportunity and job creation. “There are ways that you can talk about climate change that makes the stakes clear for people but don’t leave them in a state of fear,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what \u003cem>did\u003c/em> the candidates say? Below is how each of the participants who talked about climate framed the issue, and the plans they cited for addressing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every candidate was asked about climate change, but several, including Sen. Elizabeth Warren, brought it up on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other candidates, like Sen. Michael Bennet and Andrew Yang, the tech entrepreneur, mentioned climate change briefly in a response to a lightning-round style question about the first issue of their presidency. (The New York Times has charts with how much time each candidate spent talking about each issue in both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/us/elections/debate-speaking-time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/27/us/elections/debate-speaking-time.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second\u003c/a> debates).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Washington Gov. Jay Inslee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “Our towns are burning, our fields are flooding, Miami is inundated … this is a climate crisis, an emergency and it is our last chance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>I am the candidate, and the only one to say this has to be the top priority of the United States. The organizing principle to mobilize the United States so that we can do what we’ve always done, lead the world and invent the future and put 8 million people to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former Rep. Beto O’Rourke \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “You have to bring everybody in on the decisions and the solutions to the challenges that we face … We were in Pacific Junction, a town that had never meaningfully flooded before, just up against the Missouri River in Iowa. Every home in that community had flooded\u003ci>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>We are going to fund resiliency in those communities…that are on the front lines of climate change today. We’re going to mobilize $5 trillion in this economy over the next 10 years to free ourselves from a dependence on fossil fuels, and we’re to put farmers and ranchers in the driver’s seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former HUD Secretary Julián Castro\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>My first visit after I announced my candidacy wasn’t to Iowa or New Hampshire, it was to San Juan, Puerto Rico.” [Devastated by a hurricane in 2017].\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should know that if I’m elected president everybody will count.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key Argument:\u003c/em> “I’m one of the few candidates in this race with executive experience with a track record of getting things done. When I was mayor of San Antonio, we moved our local public utility. We began to shift it from coal-fired plants to solar and other renewables and also created more than 800 jobs doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Elizabeth Warren\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warren wasn’t asked about climate, but she tied the issue to an argument about the U.S. economy, which she says only works for people at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “Who is this economy really working for? … It’s doing great for giant oil companies that want to drill everywhere, just not for the rest of us who are watching climate change bear down upon us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Tim Ryan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “If we don’t address that fundamental problem with our connection to workers — white, black, brown, gay, straight working-class people — none of this is going to get done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “We are not connecting to the middle-class people. We have got to hinge the center of gravity from being coastal and elitist and Ivy League … to getting those workers back on our side so we can say: ‘we are going to build solar, we are going to build electric vehicles.'”\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFormer Rep. John Delaney\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaney wasn’t asked about climate change, but he interjected to make a point about using a tax to fight it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “All the economist agree that a carbon pricing mechanism works. You just have to do it right. You can’t put a price on carbon, raise energy prices and not give the money back to the American people. My proposal, which is put a price on carbon, give a dividend back to the American people — it goes out one pocket, back in the other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Kamala Harris\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “I don’t even call it climate change, it is the climate crisis. It represents an existential threat to us as a species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key Argument\u003c/em>: “I\u003cb>\u003c/b>t is a critical issue that is about what we must do to confront what is immediate and before us right now. That is why I support a Green New Deal. It is why I believe on day one, as president I will re-enter us in the Paris agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mayor Pete Buttigieg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “This is not just happening on the Arctic ice caps. This is happening in the middle of the country, and we’ve got to be dramatically more aggressive moving forward … R\u003cb>\u003c/b>ural America can be part of the solution instead of being told they’re part of the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “We need to begin adapting right away. But we also can’t skip a beat on preventing climate change from getting even worse … That’s why we need to do a carbon tax and dividend. But I would propose we do it in a way that is rebated out to the American people in a progressive fashion so that most Americans are made more than whole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former Gov. John Hickenlooper\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>I recognize that we are within 10 or 12 years of actually suffering irreversible damage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “We can’t demonize every business, we’ve got to bring them together to be partners. Ultimately, if we’re not able to do that, we will be doomed to failure. We have no way of doing this without bringing everyone together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Former Vice President Joe Biden\u003c/strong>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “We make up 15 percent of the problem. Eighty-five percent of the world makes up the rest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Key argument\u003c/em>: “\u003cb>\u003c/b>Our administration, we built the largest wind farm in the world, the largest solar energy facility in the world. We drove down the competitive price of both of those renewable sources … W\u003cb>\u003c/b>e have to have someone who knows how to corral the rest of the world, bring them together and get something done like we did in our administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Bernie Sanders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem>Climate framing\u003c/em>: “The old ways are no longer relevant. The scientists tell us we have 12 years before [there] is an irreparable damage to this planet. This is a global issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Best Health and Science Books to Dip Into This Summer",
"headTitle": "The Best Health and Science Books to Dip Into This Summer | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he first day of summer has arrived, and so has STAT’s annual book list of great reads in health, science, and medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for recommendations from CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna and CDC Director Robert Redfield. Plus, STAT readers from Boston to Ireland to Australia share their picks, in addition to our staff. Enjoy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notable Figures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0805071806/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0805071806&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7bf123ab6184f5cac33d58beddbb56f6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Scientific Conversations: Interviews on Science from The New York Times”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Claudia Dreifus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis is an awesome collection of 38 interviews, published originally in the Science Times section of the New York Times, that captures the wonder and excitement of scientific discovery. As an outstanding journalist and a relative outsider to science, Dreifus elicits from her subjects the passion, frustration, inspiration and, ultimately, the joy of doing science. Her writing reminds me of the work of John McPhee: deep and expansive with a sense of fun. A great read!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jennifer Doudna, professor and HHMI Investigator, UC Berkeley; director, Innovative Genomics Institute of UC Berkeley/UCSF/Gladstone Institutes\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006122796X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006122796X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7cfcc6b0801cc1e4c567331d7f105411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Vaccinated: One Man’s Quest to Defeat the World’s Deadliest Diseases”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul A. Offit\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nPhysicians, parents, and public health professionals seeking credible, timely information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines will find those answers in Dr. Offit’s “Vaccinated.” He writes a compelling narrative, sharing the underlying science and historical context behind the vaccine regimen recommended today. This fact-based retrospective dispels myths and underscores the importance of immunization for children and adults alike. Readers will have a better understanding of the science-based reasoning to embrace vaccination for themselves, their families, and their communities.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Robert R. Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520229134/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0520229134&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f6872536969b6885c29cba642778c5ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul Farmer\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book highlights so well the very inception of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute itself and our mission to develop treatments and preventive agents for diseases burdening the world’s poorest people. Tenderly, Farmer tells the stories of those who suffer, offering their complex circumstances in the face of overwhelming data. The Partners in Health co-founder challenges those determined to care for the most vulnerable to challenge the status quo. Although written 20 years ago, the stories ring truer than ever. Inequities in health have only become magnified and are now manifest in our own backyard. Although sobering, it is also inspiring and may make the reader leap to other resources such as “The Age of Living Machines” by Susan Hockfield, who posits that convergence across scientific disciplines led to the current technological capabilities. Can these not be leveraged with know-how and fortitude to meaningfully address inequities in health?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Penny Heaton, CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1845291557/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1845291557&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=424b9e11f98c4fb76b3a018ce157005a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“A Brief History of Medicine: from Hippocrates to Gene Therapy”\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>By Paul Strathern\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Among the many histories of medicine, Paul Strathern’s narrative stands out for its lively prose and colorful portraits of figures who broke with dogma and proved new paradigms. Even the expert reader will find much that is novel and nuanced, not only in stories about prominent characters like Galen and Harvey, but less well known individuals like the Venerable Bede, an English monk who revived Greek and Roman knowledge during the Dark Ages, and Al-Razi, an Islamic scholar who challenged Aristotle’s prevailing notions with experimental data and showed that pediatric disorders need not be viewed as untreatable and hopeless. Each chapter offers a rich tableau depicting advances in medical thinking based on astute observation and rigorous induction. Strathern brilliantly succeeds in both educating and entertaining his reader, a perfect blend for a summer treat.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Jerome Groopman, New Yorker staff writer and author; Recanati Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345804570/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0345804570&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=137ae7f66e5eee834172c881aa8f1b7a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin’s Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Prum\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWhether you agree with Prum or not, his case for renewed attention to Darwin’s theory of sexual selection — that considerations of beauty, and not just functional adaptation, shape evolution — is eye-opening. The book also reminds us that politics (in this case, 19th-century disapproval of Darwin’s views on female mate choice) can influence what we are taught about science. Even if you are skeptical, Prum will make you think twice about the natural world, and will definitely change how you look at ducks.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Ron Klain, President Obama’s Ebola czar during the West African outbreak\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062338781/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0062338781&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=a08377a6dbaebf506ffcb6efb996c457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Katherine Eban\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>In her fierce and fearless book, “Bottle of Lies,” the investigative journalist Katherine Eban takes us on a journey through the loosely regulated and often corrupt manufacture of generic drugs. Weaving together the story of a terrified but determined whistleblower from India, shady drug producers from China, and a notably timid FDA, Eban’s compelling book should serve as cautionary tale and a wake-up call for consumers, manufacturers, and physicians — “should” being the operative word.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Deborah Blum, author of “The Poison Squad: One Chemist’s Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century” and director of the Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Readers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0735224153/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0735224153&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=e88ba9aa97ec231e13dcca5e20cbc7bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Michael Pollan\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWith cannabis medicine now getting the attention it deserves, Michael Pollan has done a tremendous job at digging into the history of psychedelic use, both recreationally and in therapy, together with his own observations as a new psychedelic experimenter at the age of 60. All in all, a comprehensive history of the topic, together with interviews from key psychedelic researchers, and a call for serious researchers to think twice about hasty judgments surrounding this interesting compound.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jon Calder, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006289627X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006289627X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ea6fc765acd3cc5ad1ccd85342cb04ae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bitten: The Secret History of Lyme Disease and Biological Weapons”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Kris Newby\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Bitten” is a riveting narrative that digs into the origins of the Lyme disease epidemic. It connects many dots with compelling evidence and page-turning storytelling that point to the likelihood that a bio-weaponized tick program gone awry could have contributed to the more virulent forms of tick-borne illnesses that have been wreaking havoc on unwitting people for the past five decades. Doctors are not well-trained on tick-borne illness, diagnostics are inadequate, and there are no career tracks in the field other than a few courageous pioneers. Biotech is largely on the sidelines. Yet millions of people are being disabled. Perhaps this book will help stir some action. After all, we all are just one bite away from a nightmare illness.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Nancy Dougherty, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0544114515/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0544114515&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4f6ff933051d07a5d66bb8d7906db1a2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How Dogs Love Us: A Neuroscientist and His Adopted Dog Decode the Canine Brain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gregory Berns\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFabulous book for anyone interested in the realities of research. Getting MRI data on dogs to confirm the similarities in where dogs and human brains respond to stimuli sounds like a good idea. Getting permission to get the dogs into the places where there are MRIs, getting the dogs used to the MRI, selecting real-life animals, and the implications for the experimental conclusions is very different from what usually shows up in methods and results.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Joanna Haas, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316418080/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316418080&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ab87c536d62f16a84be8997dbe897c72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Perfect Predator: A Scientist’s Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Steffanie Strathdee and Thomas Patterson\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Riveting account of a scientist trying to save her husband through a combination of sheer will, determination, and cutting-edge science. It’s an amazing blend of mystery, thriller, and microbiology.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Mallory Johnson, Berkeley, Calif.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671510576/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0671510576&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=cb77504e40e1a9467241ae7547ca194a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Billion Dollar Molecule: One Company’s Quest for the Perfect Drug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Barry Werth\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Billion Dollar Molecule” is a thrilling story about the development of a now powerful pharmaceutical company, its revolutionary approach in structure-based drug development, and how closely it came to failing along the way. At a time when people doubt the justifications of pricing for pharmaceutical drugs, peeking at the risks involved in development and the arduous journeys of the scientists involved through this story could add nuance to the conversation.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Kishel, Buffalo, N.Y.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0190916834/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0190916834&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4c465b27e88b48c0879f78555b17f6ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Well: What We Need to Talk About When We Talk About Health”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sandro Galea\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Well” moves beyond talk of health disparities as simply numbers and statistics, dissecting the factors that influence health and well-being. This is an excellent read for health professionals or anyone interested in better understanding all the variables that impact our decisions and behaviors, like power, politics, and luck.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jamie Klufts, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312430000/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312430000&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=35421e550159f565498198501246b2c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Atul Gawande\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nYears after reading it, the message and themes of this book still resonate with me. One for everyone involved in health.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eliza Metcalfe, Melbourne, Australia \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/154164414X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=154164414X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=9df8ac5f5bb7af175e206e2ce490fcfb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Harris\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Rigor Mortis” delves into data reproducibility and scientific rigor in biomedical research. Using deft anecdotes and commentary, Harris explores how sociocultural forces and perverse incentives in funding mechanisms can conspire to create a dirge of confidence in the research process. Anyone interested in learning about how flawed science undermines medicine should pick up this book for a relatively quick and incisive read.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kyle Penrod, Providence, R.I.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316051632/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316051632&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=102a5090c27ba3b32e74ee3014fa30fc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sam Kean\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book is an entertaining and amazing look at the history of the periodic table and the discovery of the elements. Kean writes in a narrative fashion that gripped me from the very first page. This book is a must for lovers of science, history, and science history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Katie Reeves, Augusta, Ga.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Reporters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1608192075/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1608192075&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7aa079684701270fecebca869fe0c79e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Nick Reding\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe 2016 election sparked a national obsession with reporting from “flyover country” — a hasty attempt from the national media to remember the forgotten swathes of land between the coasts. But some of the resulting coverage was so full of caricatures it seemed like just another version of flying over. Stumbling across “Methland” in the public library provided a strong antidote to those datelines without depth. Nick Reding’s portraits of small-town Iowans who are cooking, using, or working against meth are so deeply reported that you feel as if you’ve met these people in the flesh. The details are striking — kids mixing “crank” in soda bottles as they tootle around on their bikes, a dealer investing in car selling and horse racing as fronts for her drug empire — but the book also has an impressive sweep: It chronicles rural economies overtaken by agricultural behemoths, towns left behind by everyone with the means to leave, and public health and existential crises ensnaring the people who remain.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Boodman, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1568585810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1568585810&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=c7392af7e5427afc8fbd10e2f028fc99\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Abby Norman\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAny woman whose pain has been dismissed as being “part of what it means to be a woman” will highly relate to this book. “Ask Me About My Uterus” is the story of Abby Norman, whose long and frustrating journey of finding out what was causing her excruciating pain, unexplainable weight loss, and a host of other symptoms meant she had to drop out of college her freshman year. Norman describes how relationships and hobbies all fell by the wayside as the constant pain kept her at home. Only after she got a job at a hospital and spent hours educating herself did Norman finally get a diagnosis of endometriosis. The book weaves together Norman’s own story as well as research and evidence to indicate how medicine continues to ignore women’s pain. I learned a lot of things, but how to be more assertive when I visit with a physician is at the top of the list!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Shraddha Chakradhar, reporter and Morning Rounds writer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07DP6MSJG/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B07DP6MSJG&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=169853d1a860b739e89a5805d07eee17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Good to Go: What the Athlete in All of us Can Learn From the Strange Science of Recovery”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Christie Aschwanden\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nLike many who live life with a daily dose of sweat, I’m always on the lookout for the best ways to recover from exercise and get myself back out the door. In her new book, science journalist and athlete Christie Aschwanden deftly unravels the complex web of science, pseudoscience, and downright bogus claims in the world of exercise recovery. She takes the reader into infrared saunas, ice baths, and float spas and tests techniques I’d never heard of (meditation headbands are a thing?) meant to help athletes bounce back from their hard efforts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Brittany Flaherty, news intern\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812997417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812997417&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=3df4e39b8793e8725667e7c8b16161f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Lake Success”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gary Shteyngart\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Lake Success” is the story of Barry Cohen, a superlatively successful hedge fund manager whose enviable Manhattan life comes hideously unglued after he makes an ill-advised bet on what is clearly a stand-in for Valeant Pharmaceuticals. What ensues is a never sanguine, always empathetic, reliably funny portrait of a fabulously wealthy person who seems to have forgotten the concept of failure. It’s also a fascinating character study for those of us biotech schnooks who looked at alleged insider traders like Mathew Martoma and wondered how on earth they thought they’d get away with it all. Plus there’s fancy watches, generational angst, and a meditation on the creeping financialization of everything that promises to bring about a new Gilded Age. You know, beach stuff.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Damian Garde, national biotech reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1524732710/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1524732710&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f0f49695f97eea1f87af0be2c561a5fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Dani Shapiro\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWherever she speaks during her book tour for “Inheritance,” memoirist Dani Shapiro is approached by people who, like her, discovered through a DNA spit test that their biological father is not who they thought he was, and that their family history is a lot more twisted than they realized. Indeed, when I heard her in Boston, a man stood up during the Q&A and announced he’d learned he was the product of a sperm donor who turned out to be a fertility doctor who’d fathered dozens of children. Shapiro’s book is a very personal story, but clearly one that resonates broadly in our DNA-obsessed age.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Gideon Gil, managing editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1501168681/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1501168681&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=22c75b403593e8a3a77e635029a3d63f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought The American Ideal West”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By David McCullough\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nA great way to gain perspective on the impact of modern medicine is to consider life before it arrived. McCullough’s account of the pioneers who settled America’s Northwest Territory — an area that includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin — offers a window into the ruggedness required of both doctors and patients who stared down deadly illnesses in the unbroken wilderness with few defenses. Episodic disease outbreaks swept across the frontier like wildfire, often decimating settlements and taking the lives of multiple children in the same family. As a father living in present-day Ohio, it is hard to imagine the panic this must have instilled, and the resolve required to push forward despite the heart-wrenching costs. But this book has given me fresh insight and a few reasons to reconsider my own grievances in the relative utopia we’ve carved out of the Wild West.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Casey Ross, national technology correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812982525/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812982525&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ca6e6c07db5238906a40e5ea31a25d71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Luke Dittrich\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe book weaves the neuroscience legend of Henry Molaison with author Luke Dittrich’s own family dramas. After Dittrich’s grandfather operated on Molaison’s brain in an effort to treat his debilitating epilepsy, he wasn’t able to form any short-term memories. For decades after the surgery, researchers worked with Molaison to better understand how human memory works. Patient H.M.’s story is interesting enough. But when the story is mentioned, the surgeon is usually a minor player. This time, Dittrich brings his grandfather to life — and uses his family’s own history to explore some of the darker chapters in neuroscience history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kate Sheridan, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0525552960/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0525552960&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=0abcda54b107dd77066adae0db4d637f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Darius The Great is Not Okay”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Adib Khorram\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAdib Khorram’s debut novel is about many things: identity, immigration, family, friendship. It’s also about living with clinical depression as a teen, and being a teen with a parent who has depression. Khorram is able to give readers a window into living with mental illness without making it the sole focus of the characters or their stories. And while it’s technically a young adult book, I’d recommend it to adults of all ages.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Megan Thielking, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/05/01/from-protegee-to-whistleblower-a-former-theranos-scientist-says-elizabeth-holmes-should-come-forward-and-apologize/\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he first day of summer has arrived, and so has STAT’s annual book list of great reads in health, science, and medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for recommendations from CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna and CDC Director Robert Redfield. Plus, STAT readers from Boston to Ireland to Australia share their picks, in addition to our staff. Enjoy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notable Figures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0805071806/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0805071806&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7bf123ab6184f5cac33d58beddbb56f6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Scientific Conversations: Interviews on Science from The New York Times”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Claudia Dreifus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis is an awesome collection of 38 interviews, published originally in the Science Times section of the New York Times, that captures the wonder and excitement of scientific discovery. As an outstanding journalist and a relative outsider to science, Dreifus elicits from her subjects the passion, frustration, inspiration and, ultimately, the joy of doing science. Her writing reminds me of the work of John McPhee: deep and expansive with a sense of fun. A great read!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jennifer Doudna, professor and HHMI Investigator, UC Berkeley; director, Innovative Genomics Institute of UC Berkeley/UCSF/Gladstone Institutes\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006122796X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006122796X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7cfcc6b0801cc1e4c567331d7f105411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Vaccinated: One Man’s Quest to Defeat the World’s Deadliest Diseases”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul A. Offit\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nPhysicians, parents, and public health professionals seeking credible, timely information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines will find those answers in Dr. Offit’s “Vaccinated.” He writes a compelling narrative, sharing the underlying science and historical context behind the vaccine regimen recommended today. This fact-based retrospective dispels myths and underscores the importance of immunization for children and adults alike. Readers will have a better understanding of the science-based reasoning to embrace vaccination for themselves, their families, and their communities.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Robert R. Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520229134/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0520229134&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f6872536969b6885c29cba642778c5ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul Farmer\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book highlights so well the very inception of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute itself and our mission to develop treatments and preventive agents for diseases burdening the world’s poorest people. Tenderly, Farmer tells the stories of those who suffer, offering their complex circumstances in the face of overwhelming data. The Partners in Health co-founder challenges those determined to care for the most vulnerable to challenge the status quo. Although written 20 years ago, the stories ring truer than ever. Inequities in health have only become magnified and are now manifest in our own backyard. Although sobering, it is also inspiring and may make the reader leap to other resources such as “The Age of Living Machines” by Susan Hockfield, who posits that convergence across scientific disciplines led to the current technological capabilities. Can these not be leveraged with know-how and fortitude to meaningfully address inequities in health?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Penny Heaton, CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1845291557/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1845291557&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=424b9e11f98c4fb76b3a018ce157005a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“A Brief History of Medicine: from Hippocrates to Gene Therapy”\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>By Paul Strathern\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Among the many histories of medicine, Paul Strathern’s narrative stands out for its lively prose and colorful portraits of figures who broke with dogma and proved new paradigms. Even the expert reader will find much that is novel and nuanced, not only in stories about prominent characters like Galen and Harvey, but less well known individuals like the Venerable Bede, an English monk who revived Greek and Roman knowledge during the Dark Ages, and Al-Razi, an Islamic scholar who challenged Aristotle’s prevailing notions with experimental data and showed that pediatric disorders need not be viewed as untreatable and hopeless. Each chapter offers a rich tableau depicting advances in medical thinking based on astute observation and rigorous induction. Strathern brilliantly succeeds in both educating and entertaining his reader, a perfect blend for a summer treat.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Jerome Groopman, New Yorker staff writer and author; Recanati Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345804570/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0345804570&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=137ae7f66e5eee834172c881aa8f1b7a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin’s Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Prum\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWhether you agree with Prum or not, his case for renewed attention to Darwin’s theory of sexual selection — that considerations of beauty, and not just functional adaptation, shape evolution — is eye-opening. The book also reminds us that politics (in this case, 19th-century disapproval of Darwin’s views on female mate choice) can influence what we are taught about science. Even if you are skeptical, Prum will make you think twice about the natural world, and will definitely change how you look at ducks.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Ron Klain, President Obama’s Ebola czar during the West African outbreak\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062338781/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0062338781&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=a08377a6dbaebf506ffcb6efb996c457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Katherine Eban\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>In her fierce and fearless book, “Bottle of Lies,” the investigative journalist Katherine Eban takes us on a journey through the loosely regulated and often corrupt manufacture of generic drugs. Weaving together the story of a terrified but determined whistleblower from India, shady drug producers from China, and a notably timid FDA, Eban’s compelling book should serve as cautionary tale and a wake-up call for consumers, manufacturers, and physicians — “should” being the operative word.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Deborah Blum, author of “The Poison Squad: One Chemist’s Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century” and director of the Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Readers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0735224153/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0735224153&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=e88ba9aa97ec231e13dcca5e20cbc7bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Michael Pollan\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWith cannabis medicine now getting the attention it deserves, Michael Pollan has done a tremendous job at digging into the history of psychedelic use, both recreationally and in therapy, together with his own observations as a new psychedelic experimenter at the age of 60. All in all, a comprehensive history of the topic, together with interviews from key psychedelic researchers, and a call for serious researchers to think twice about hasty judgments surrounding this interesting compound.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jon Calder, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006289627X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006289627X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ea6fc765acd3cc5ad1ccd85342cb04ae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bitten: The Secret History of Lyme Disease and Biological Weapons”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Kris Newby\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Bitten” is a riveting narrative that digs into the origins of the Lyme disease epidemic. It connects many dots with compelling evidence and page-turning storytelling that point to the likelihood that a bio-weaponized tick program gone awry could have contributed to the more virulent forms of tick-borne illnesses that have been wreaking havoc on unwitting people for the past five decades. Doctors are not well-trained on tick-borne illness, diagnostics are inadequate, and there are no career tracks in the field other than a few courageous pioneers. Biotech is largely on the sidelines. Yet millions of people are being disabled. Perhaps this book will help stir some action. After all, we all are just one bite away from a nightmare illness.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Nancy Dougherty, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0544114515/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0544114515&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4f6ff933051d07a5d66bb8d7906db1a2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How Dogs Love Us: A Neuroscientist and His Adopted Dog Decode the Canine Brain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gregory Berns\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFabulous book for anyone interested in the realities of research. Getting MRI data on dogs to confirm the similarities in where dogs and human brains respond to stimuli sounds like a good idea. Getting permission to get the dogs into the places where there are MRIs, getting the dogs used to the MRI, selecting real-life animals, and the implications for the experimental conclusions is very different from what usually shows up in methods and results.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Joanna Haas, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316418080/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316418080&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ab87c536d62f16a84be8997dbe897c72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Perfect Predator: A Scientist’s Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Steffanie Strathdee and Thomas Patterson\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Riveting account of a scientist trying to save her husband through a combination of sheer will, determination, and cutting-edge science. It’s an amazing blend of mystery, thriller, and microbiology.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Mallory Johnson, Berkeley, Calif.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671510576/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0671510576&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=cb77504e40e1a9467241ae7547ca194a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Billion Dollar Molecule: One Company’s Quest for the Perfect Drug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Barry Werth\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Billion Dollar Molecule” is a thrilling story about the development of a now powerful pharmaceutical company, its revolutionary approach in structure-based drug development, and how closely it came to failing along the way. At a time when people doubt the justifications of pricing for pharmaceutical drugs, peeking at the risks involved in development and the arduous journeys of the scientists involved through this story could add nuance to the conversation.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Kishel, Buffalo, N.Y.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0190916834/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0190916834&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4c465b27e88b48c0879f78555b17f6ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Well: What We Need to Talk About When We Talk About Health”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sandro Galea\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Well” moves beyond talk of health disparities as simply numbers and statistics, dissecting the factors that influence health and well-being. This is an excellent read for health professionals or anyone interested in better understanding all the variables that impact our decisions and behaviors, like power, politics, and luck.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jamie Klufts, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312430000/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312430000&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=35421e550159f565498198501246b2c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Atul Gawande\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nYears after reading it, the message and themes of this book still resonate with me. One for everyone involved in health.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eliza Metcalfe, Melbourne, Australia \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/154164414X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=154164414X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=9df8ac5f5bb7af175e206e2ce490fcfb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Harris\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Rigor Mortis” delves into data reproducibility and scientific rigor in biomedical research. Using deft anecdotes and commentary, Harris explores how sociocultural forces and perverse incentives in funding mechanisms can conspire to create a dirge of confidence in the research process. Anyone interested in learning about how flawed science undermines medicine should pick up this book for a relatively quick and incisive read.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kyle Penrod, Providence, R.I.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316051632/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316051632&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=102a5090c27ba3b32e74ee3014fa30fc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sam Kean\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book is an entertaining and amazing look at the history of the periodic table and the discovery of the elements. Kean writes in a narrative fashion that gripped me from the very first page. This book is a must for lovers of science, history, and science history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Katie Reeves, Augusta, Ga.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Reporters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1608192075/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1608192075&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7aa079684701270fecebca869fe0c79e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Nick Reding\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe 2016 election sparked a national obsession with reporting from “flyover country” — a hasty attempt from the national media to remember the forgotten swathes of land between the coasts. But some of the resulting coverage was so full of caricatures it seemed like just another version of flying over. Stumbling across “Methland” in the public library provided a strong antidote to those datelines without depth. Nick Reding’s portraits of small-town Iowans who are cooking, using, or working against meth are so deeply reported that you feel as if you’ve met these people in the flesh. The details are striking — kids mixing “crank” in soda bottles as they tootle around on their bikes, a dealer investing in car selling and horse racing as fronts for her drug empire — but the book also has an impressive sweep: It chronicles rural economies overtaken by agricultural behemoths, towns left behind by everyone with the means to leave, and public health and existential crises ensnaring the people who remain.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Boodman, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1568585810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1568585810&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=c7392af7e5427afc8fbd10e2f028fc99\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Abby Norman\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAny woman whose pain has been dismissed as being “part of what it means to be a woman” will highly relate to this book. “Ask Me About My Uterus” is the story of Abby Norman, whose long and frustrating journey of finding out what was causing her excruciating pain, unexplainable weight loss, and a host of other symptoms meant she had to drop out of college her freshman year. Norman describes how relationships and hobbies all fell by the wayside as the constant pain kept her at home. Only after she got a job at a hospital and spent hours educating herself did Norman finally get a diagnosis of endometriosis. The book weaves together Norman’s own story as well as research and evidence to indicate how medicine continues to ignore women’s pain. I learned a lot of things, but how to be more assertive when I visit with a physician is at the top of the list!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Shraddha Chakradhar, reporter and Morning Rounds writer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07DP6MSJG/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B07DP6MSJG&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=169853d1a860b739e89a5805d07eee17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Good to Go: What the Athlete in All of us Can Learn From the Strange Science of Recovery”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Christie Aschwanden\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nLike many who live life with a daily dose of sweat, I’m always on the lookout for the best ways to recover from exercise and get myself back out the door. In her new book, science journalist and athlete Christie Aschwanden deftly unravels the complex web of science, pseudoscience, and downright bogus claims in the world of exercise recovery. She takes the reader into infrared saunas, ice baths, and float spas and tests techniques I’d never heard of (meditation headbands are a thing?) meant to help athletes bounce back from their hard efforts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Brittany Flaherty, news intern\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812997417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812997417&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=3df4e39b8793e8725667e7c8b16161f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Lake Success”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gary Shteyngart\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Lake Success” is the story of Barry Cohen, a superlatively successful hedge fund manager whose enviable Manhattan life comes hideously unglued after he makes an ill-advised bet on what is clearly a stand-in for Valeant Pharmaceuticals. What ensues is a never sanguine, always empathetic, reliably funny portrait of a fabulously wealthy person who seems to have forgotten the concept of failure. It’s also a fascinating character study for those of us biotech schnooks who looked at alleged insider traders like Mathew Martoma and wondered how on earth they thought they’d get away with it all. Plus there’s fancy watches, generational angst, and a meditation on the creeping financialization of everything that promises to bring about a new Gilded Age. You know, beach stuff.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Damian Garde, national biotech reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1524732710/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1524732710&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f0f49695f97eea1f87af0be2c561a5fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Dani Shapiro\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWherever she speaks during her book tour for “Inheritance,” memoirist Dani Shapiro is approached by people who, like her, discovered through a DNA spit test that their biological father is not who they thought he was, and that their family history is a lot more twisted than they realized. Indeed, when I heard her in Boston, a man stood up during the Q&A and announced he’d learned he was the product of a sperm donor who turned out to be a fertility doctor who’d fathered dozens of children. Shapiro’s book is a very personal story, but clearly one that resonates broadly in our DNA-obsessed age.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Gideon Gil, managing editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1501168681/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1501168681&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=22c75b403593e8a3a77e635029a3d63f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought The American Ideal West”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By David McCullough\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nA great way to gain perspective on the impact of modern medicine is to consider life before it arrived. McCullough’s account of the pioneers who settled America’s Northwest Territory — an area that includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin — offers a window into the ruggedness required of both doctors and patients who stared down deadly illnesses in the unbroken wilderness with few defenses. Episodic disease outbreaks swept across the frontier like wildfire, often decimating settlements and taking the lives of multiple children in the same family. As a father living in present-day Ohio, it is hard to imagine the panic this must have instilled, and the resolve required to push forward despite the heart-wrenching costs. But this book has given me fresh insight and a few reasons to reconsider my own grievances in the relative utopia we’ve carved out of the Wild West.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Casey Ross, national technology correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812982525/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812982525&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ca6e6c07db5238906a40e5ea31a25d71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Luke Dittrich\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe book weaves the neuroscience legend of Henry Molaison with author Luke Dittrich’s own family dramas. After Dittrich’s grandfather operated on Molaison’s brain in an effort to treat his debilitating epilepsy, he wasn’t able to form any short-term memories. For decades after the surgery, researchers worked with Molaison to better understand how human memory works. Patient H.M.’s story is interesting enough. But when the story is mentioned, the surgeon is usually a minor player. This time, Dittrich brings his grandfather to life — and uses his family’s own history to explore some of the darker chapters in neuroscience history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kate Sheridan, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0525552960/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0525552960&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=0abcda54b107dd77066adae0db4d637f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Darius The Great is Not Okay”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Adib Khorram\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAdib Khorram’s debut novel is about many things: identity, immigration, family, friendship. It’s also about living with clinical depression as a teen, and being a teen with a parent who has depression. Khorram is able to give readers a window into living with mental illness without making it the sole focus of the characters or their stories. And while it’s technically a young adult book, I’d recommend it to adults of all ages.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Megan Thielking, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Lake County Screening of Wildfire Doc 'Wilder than Wild' Gets Community Talking",
"headTitle": "Lake County Screening of Wildfire Doc ‘Wilder than Wild’ Gets Community Talking | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Magdalena Valderrama was in the Seattle area visiting family in September 2015 when the Valley Fire broke out near her house in Lake County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re out in the middle of San Juan Islands,” she says. “There wasn’t anything we could do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after she returned to California, she found out she’d lost her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valderrama is the co-founder and program director at the \u003ca href=\"http://sscra.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seigler Springs Community Redevelopment Association\u003c/a>, a nonprofit aimed at helping people in Lake County and beyond rebuild and protect their homes and neighborhoods. Since she started the group, she’s been part of a community-based struggle to get Lake County back on its feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big aspect of that is bringing her neighbors into the same room for difficult conversations that might just prevent the next big wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with several partners, Valderrama organized a recent movie screening in a Lake County community theater that got people talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Wilder Than Wild: Fire, Forests and the Future (Trailer) - Green Film Fest\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kDfEAyxOKQU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eye-opening documentary, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.wilderthanwildfilm.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wilder than Wild\u003c/a>,” focuses not only on preventative measures, but on the idea that because there’s no way to completely stop wildfires from occurring, fire-prone communities have to learn to live with them and minimize their effects. Under this category comes things like a good emergency alert system and making sure people have an emergency bag ready should they be ordered to evacuate. According to filmmaker Kevin White, more than 200 communities across the western United States and overseas have organized screenings of the film since it was released in March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I believe communities come together and they do the hard work about consensus building and thinking about, ‘alright, what’s it going to take to make our communities safer?’ If they do that work, I think there’s a much higher chance of success,” said White, who is based in San Francisco. “I\u003cb>\u003c/b>f we’re going to wait on Sacramento or Washington to do that work, it’s not going to end well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943627\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"'Wilder than Wild' filmmaker Kevin White.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wilder than Wild’ filmmaker Kevin White. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the Valley Fire, Lake County has been hit by multiple wildfires. They include last year’s epic Ranch Fire, part of the Mendocino Complex, the largest wildfire in California history. Valderrama says local residents and organizations have to take the lead in the fire recovery effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is so much urgency to make sure that we don’t develop complacency, because that’s our enemy,” Valderrama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Wilder than Wild” event attracted a good turnout, including local government officials, representatives from Native American tribes, firefighters and nonprofit workers, among others. Around 250 people from all over Lake County attended the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Around 250 Lake County residents attended the 'Wilder than Wild' film screening and conversation at Lakeport's Soper Reese Community Theatre on June 14, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Around 250 Lake County residents attended the ‘Wilder than Wild’ film screening and conversation at Lakeport’s Soper Reese Community Theatre on June 14, 2019. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valderrama says she decided to screen “Wilder than Wild” because the film features footage the filmmakers captured of the Valley Fire, and because it presents information about how people can learn to live with wildfires, rather than only work toward the unrealistic goal of preventing them entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One section of “Wilder than Wild,” for instance, deals with the Native American tradition of “cultural burns,” in which Native American tribes kept wildfires at bay by undertaking regular prescribed burns on their lands. The practice continued for thousands of years until the forestry service put an end to it nearly a hundred years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cultural burns are now making a comeback in some places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>“The film talks about a cultural landscape, and that’s what we are really trying to do in Lake County,” said Valderrama. “It’s not just about getting people to harden their homes, but also to think in terms of living with wildfire.\u003ci>“\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valderrama said there is a lack of knowledge about prescribed burns in Lake County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that a lot of firefighters who come are trained in cities. They’re a little reluctant to engage in prescribed fire even though prescribed fire is recognized as a tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943628\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Magdalena Valderrama (pictured left) organized the 'Wilder than Wild' screening in Lakeport alongside partners like Cindy Leonard (pictured right).\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard-.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magdalena Valderrama (left) organized the ‘Wilder than Wild’ screening in Lakeport alongside partners like Cindy Leonard (right). \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But she says residents are now starting to open up to hearing more about prescribed burns as a potential method for controlling wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another longstanding problem is getting part-time and absentee homeowners to rid their properties of potentially hazardous debris like piles of wood, fallen leaves and long grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often they’re seasonal residents, or people who may have inherited properties, and may not be aware of what’s going on,” Valderrama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the post-screening Q&A, Clear Lake resident Robert Boccabella talked about recently witnessing someone mowing a lawn in windy, 90-degree weather. That’s a big no-no in fire-prone areas. Boccabella says he wasn’t sure what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know who to call. I was intimidated about stopping somebody,” Boccabella said. “How do we handle people who are not thinking?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire officials present at the event advised people in that situation to call the local fire department or 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943625\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Panelists with expertise in fire recovery at the 'Wilder than Wild' screening answer questions form the audience. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panelists with expertise in fire recovery at the ‘Wilder than Wild’ screening answer questions from the audience. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hidden Valley Lake resident Carolyn Graham shared a concern about homeowners installing generators. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What can we do to make sure that people, if they’re going to get a generator, that they know how to set it up and operate it in a safe manner?” Graham asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lake County Fire Marshall Mary Jane Montana answered that residents should seek help from their local building and fire departments instead of relying on inexpert advice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t listen to somebody that tells you to get a double-male plug and plug it into your dryer outlet,” she said, eliciting chuckles from the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valderrama said getting people to talk to each other is key, even though the county is made up of scattered hamlets and unincorporated towns that pride themselves on self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of being in all these little silos, it’s time for us to kind of come out of our hidey holes and start meeting each other,” Valderrama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community involvement is starting to pay off. Lake County supervisors recently responded to longstanding frustrations among residents by \u003ca href=\"https://www.record-bee.com/2019/03/27/lake-county-board-of-supervisors-pass-hazardous-vegetation-abatement-law/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passing an ordinance\u003c/a> requiring property owners to clear hazardous vegetation from their lots, or face heavy fines and even jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More community events are in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read KQED film critic Michael Fox’s review of “Wilder than Wild” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13854059/now-playing-wilder-than-wild-new-parkway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Magdalena Valderrama was in the Seattle area visiting family in September 2015 when the Valley Fire broke out near her house in Lake County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re out in the middle of San Juan Islands,” she says. “There wasn’t anything we could do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week after she returned to California, she found out she’d lost her home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valderrama is the co-founder and program director at the \u003ca href=\"http://sscra.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seigler Springs Community Redevelopment Association\u003c/a>, a nonprofit aimed at helping people in Lake County and beyond rebuild and protect their homes and neighborhoods. Since she started the group, she’s been part of a community-based struggle to get Lake County back on its feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big aspect of that is bringing her neighbors into the same room for difficult conversations that might just prevent the next big wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with several partners, Valderrama organized a recent movie screening in a Lake County community theater that got people talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Wilder Than Wild: Fire, Forests and the Future (Trailer) - Green Film Fest\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kDfEAyxOKQU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eye-opening documentary, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.wilderthanwildfilm.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wilder than Wild\u003c/a>,” focuses not only on preventative measures, but on the idea that because there’s no way to completely stop wildfires from occurring, fire-prone communities have to learn to live with them and minimize their effects. Under this category comes things like a good emergency alert system and making sure people have an emergency bag ready should they be ordered to evacuate. According to filmmaker Kevin White, more than 200 communities across the western United States and overseas have organized screenings of the film since it was released in March 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I believe communities come together and they do the hard work about consensus building and thinking about, ‘alright, what’s it going to take to make our communities safer?’ If they do that work, I think there’s a much higher chance of success,” said White, who is based in San Francisco. “I\u003cb>\u003c/b>f we’re going to wait on Sacramento or Washington to do that work, it’s not going to end well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943627\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"'Wilder than Wild' filmmaker Kevin White.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/kevin-white.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wilder than Wild’ filmmaker Kevin White. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since the Valley Fire, Lake County has been hit by multiple wildfires. They include last year’s epic Ranch Fire, part of the Mendocino Complex, the largest wildfire in California history. Valderrama says local residents and organizations have to take the lead in the fire recovery effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is so much urgency to make sure that we don’t develop complacency, because that’s our enemy,” Valderrama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Wilder than Wild” event attracted a good turnout, including local government officials, representatives from Native American tribes, firefighters and nonprofit workers, among others. Around 250 people from all over Lake County attended the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Around 250 Lake County residents attended the 'Wilder than Wild' film screening and conversation at Lakeport's Soper Reese Community Theatre on June 14, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/lake-county-audience.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Around 250 Lake County residents attended the ‘Wilder than Wild’ film screening and conversation at Lakeport’s Soper Reese Community Theatre on June 14, 2019. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valderrama says she decided to screen “Wilder than Wild” because the film features footage the filmmakers captured of the Valley Fire, and because it presents information about how people can learn to live with wildfires, rather than only work toward the unrealistic goal of preventing them entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One section of “Wilder than Wild,” for instance, deals with the Native American tradition of “cultural burns,” in which Native American tribes kept wildfires at bay by undertaking regular prescribed burns on their lands. The practice continued for thousands of years until the forestry service put an end to it nearly a hundred years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cultural burns are now making a comeback in some places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>“The film talks about a cultural landscape, and that’s what we are really trying to do in Lake County,” said Valderrama. “It’s not just about getting people to harden their homes, but also to think in terms of living with wildfire.\u003ci>“\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valderrama said there is a lack of knowledge about prescribed burns in Lake County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that a lot of firefighters who come are trained in cities. They’re a little reluctant to engage in prescribed fire even though prescribed fire is recognized as a tool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943628\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Magdalena Valderrama (pictured left) organized the 'Wilder than Wild' screening in Lakeport alongside partners like Cindy Leonard (pictured right).\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard--1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/magdalena-and-cindy-leonard-.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Magdalena Valderrama (left) organized the ‘Wilder than Wild’ screening in Lakeport alongside partners like Cindy Leonard (right). \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But she says residents are now starting to open up to hearing more about prescribed burns as a potential method for controlling wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another longstanding problem is getting part-time and absentee homeowners to rid their properties of potentially hazardous debris like piles of wood, fallen leaves and long grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often they’re seasonal residents, or people who may have inherited properties, and may not be aware of what’s going on,” Valderrama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the post-screening Q&A, Clear Lake resident Robert Boccabella talked about recently witnessing someone mowing a lawn in windy, 90-degree weather. That’s a big no-no in fire-prone areas. Boccabella says he wasn’t sure what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know who to call. I was intimidated about stopping somebody,” Boccabella said. “How do we handle people who are not thinking?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire officials present at the event advised people in that situation to call the local fire department or 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943625\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1943625\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Panelists with expertise in fire recovery at the 'Wilder than Wild' screening answer questions form the audience. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/panel.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Panelists with expertise in fire recovery at the ‘Wilder than Wild’ screening answer questions from the audience. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hidden Valley Lake resident Carolyn Graham shared a concern about homeowners installing generators. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What can we do to make sure that people, if they’re going to get a generator, that they know how to set it up and operate it in a safe manner?” Graham asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lake County Fire Marshall Mary Jane Montana answered that residents should seek help from their local building and fire departments instead of relying on inexpert advice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t listen to somebody that tells you to get a double-male plug and plug it into your dryer outlet,” she said, eliciting chuckles from the audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valderrama said getting people to talk to each other is key, even though the county is made up of scattered hamlets and unincorporated towns that pride themselves on self-sufficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of being in all these little silos, it’s time for us to kind of come out of our hidey holes and start meeting each other,” Valderrama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community involvement is starting to pay off. Lake County supervisors recently responded to longstanding frustrations among residents by \u003ca href=\"https://www.record-bee.com/2019/03/27/lake-county-board-of-supervisors-pass-hazardous-vegetation-abatement-law/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passing an ordinance\u003c/a> requiring property owners to clear hazardous vegetation from their lots, or face heavy fines and even jail time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More community events are in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read KQED film critic Michael Fox’s review of “Wilder than Wild” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13854059/now-playing-wilder-than-wild-new-parkway\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Newsom Pursuing His Own 'Damn Satellite'",
"headTitle": "Newsom Pursuing His Own ‘Damn Satellite’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Whatever happened to Jerry Brown’s satellite?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former governor delighted activists at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a> last September when he announced that if President Trump stops funding for climate research, California would launch “its own damn satellite” to monitor methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What became known as “the damn satellite” plan around Sacramento is now in the hands of Kate Gordon, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s senior adviser on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s administration is moving forward with its own version of the damn satellite, Gordon told the crowd at Bloomberg’s “Data for Good Exchange” in San Francisco’s Financial District Tuesday night. The event this year focused on using data science to tackle California’s water crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon said the idea behind the satellite is for the data to be widely shared, “especially as the federal government steps back from capturing climate data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the event, Gordon said methane emissions are important to track, but that there are a “fairly small number of actors in California that emit most of the unregulated methane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning, it’s not really a matter of detection but regulation. Still, the satellites can be useful in other ways, she said. “There are all these other things that satellites can do, and the technology works on a micro scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the state can use the satellite to determine chlorophyll levels in vegetation, which can help identify if a parched forest is a wildfire risk. “How close is the vegetation to the built infrastructure? Where do we need to harden those structures or do vegetation management? That’s huge. That’s fire management, basically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E, the state’s largest electrical utility, now uses NASA’s Aqua, Terra and VIIRS satellites in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942292/pge-wants-to-make-a-massive-investment-in-weather-stations-heres-why\">effort\u003c/a> to prevent catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown originally mentioned the satellite during a barn burner of a speech at the American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco in 2016. His comments were in response to reports that Trump could end NASA’s role in climate research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch it’s own damn satellite,” he roared. “We’re going to collect that data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MLHWFO6DwE]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Brown’s office told \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-gov-jerry-brown-launch-satellite-track-greenhouse-gas-emissions-n909811\">reporters\u003c/a> the satellite would be developed in conjunction with San Francisco-based Planet Labs and launched by 2021. A representative of the company said it is still involved in the project but did not have any updates, beyond what it wrote in a blog \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/pulse/state-of-california-and-planet-announce-groundbreaking-initiative-to-support-action-on-climate-change/\">post\u003c/a> last September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The partnership aims to achieve a long-term, sustainable model for developing satellite technologies that would enable us to collect certain climate data to encourage better decision-making,” the company wrote. “With accurate measurement of and greater transparency on climate data, governments, businesses, scientists, and citizens around the world can develop more targeted and effective mitigation strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Jenn Phillips, a senior scientist with the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, said the project is being paid for by \u003ca href=\"https://www.overlookinternational.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Overlook International Foundation\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.granthamfoundation.org/\">Grantham Foundation\u003c/a>, but “costs are difficult to estimate at this stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be a very compact unit (about the size of a shoebox),” she wrote. “The cost of these smaller satellites is orders of magnitude lower than the older much larger satellites (and rockets) that were common even a decade ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon said the state has yet to fund the satellite beyond paying for time to research its potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data a satellite would provide is more important than ever, Gordon told the Bloomberg audience, as California is dealing with a range of climate-related crises, from contaminated drinking water to catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, the state is dealing with the liability, the risk, the cost,” of climate change, she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "What became known as Jerry Brown's 'damn satellite' plan around Sacramento has been inherited by the Newsom administration, which plans to use funding from two environmentally focused foundations. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whatever happened to Jerry Brown’s satellite?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former governor delighted activists at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a> last September when he announced that if President Trump stops funding for climate research, California would launch “its own damn satellite” to monitor methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What became known as “the damn satellite” plan around Sacramento is now in the hands of Kate Gordon, Gov. Gavin Newsom’s senior adviser on climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s administration is moving forward with its own version of the damn satellite, Gordon told the crowd at Bloomberg’s “Data for Good Exchange” in San Francisco’s Financial District Tuesday night. The event this year focused on using data science to tackle California’s water crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon said the idea behind the satellite is for the data to be widely shared, “especially as the federal government steps back from capturing climate data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the event, Gordon said methane emissions are important to track, but that there are a “fairly small number of actors in California that emit most of the unregulated methane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning, it’s not really a matter of detection but regulation. Still, the satellites can be useful in other ways, she said. “There are all these other things that satellites can do, and the technology works on a micro scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the state can use the satellite to determine chlorophyll levels in vegetation, which can help identify if a parched forest is a wildfire risk. “How close is the vegetation to the built infrastructure? Where do we need to harden those structures or do vegetation management? That’s huge. That’s fire management, basically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E, the state’s largest electrical utility, now uses NASA’s Aqua, Terra and VIIRS satellites in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942292/pge-wants-to-make-a-massive-investment-in-weather-stations-heres-why\">effort\u003c/a> to prevent catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown originally mentioned the satellite during a barn burner of a speech at the American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco in 2016. His comments were in response to reports that Trump could end NASA’s role in climate research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Trump turns off the satellites, California will launch it’s own damn satellite,” he roared. “We’re going to collect that data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5MLHWFO6DwE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5MLHWFO6DwE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Brown’s office told \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/california-gov-jerry-brown-launch-satellite-track-greenhouse-gas-emissions-n909811\">reporters\u003c/a> the satellite would be developed in conjunction with San Francisco-based Planet Labs and launched by 2021. A representative of the company said it is still involved in the project but did not have any updates, beyond what it wrote in a blog \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/pulse/state-of-california-and-planet-announce-groundbreaking-initiative-to-support-action-on-climate-change/\">post\u003c/a> last September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The partnership aims to achieve a long-term, sustainable model for developing satellite technologies that would enable us to collect certain climate data to encourage better decision-making,” the company wrote. “With accurate measurement of and greater transparency on climate data, governments, businesses, scientists, and citizens around the world can develop more targeted and effective mitigation strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Jenn Phillips, a senior scientist with the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, said the project is being paid for by \u003ca href=\"https://www.overlookinternational.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Overlook International Foundation\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.granthamfoundation.org/\">Grantham Foundation\u003c/a>, but “costs are difficult to estimate at this stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be a very compact unit (about the size of a shoebox),” she wrote. “The cost of these smaller satellites is orders of magnitude lower than the older much larger satellites (and rockets) that were common even a decade ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon said the state has yet to fund the satellite beyond paying for time to research its potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data a satellite would provide is more important than ever, Gordon told the Bloomberg audience, as California is dealing with a range of climate-related crises, from contaminated drinking water to catastrophic wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, the state is dealing with the liability, the risk, the cost,” of climate change, she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers are poised to fund the cleanup of dirty drinking water in the state’s poorest communities — a problem most everyone agrees needs to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" citation=\"State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont\" size=\"small\"]‘I would caution that every worthy cause should not be financed through this fund.’[/pullquote] Not everyone, however, agrees on where the money should come from to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue? The Legislature wants to use revenue from California’s cap-and-trade climate change program, which was created to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by making companies pay for the right to emit them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money the program generates is required by law to go toward programs that reduce the planet-warming gases. While that mandate hasn’t stopped lawmakers in the past from allocating funds to projects that are, arguably, only marginally related to greenhouse gas reduction, it could leave the funding for water cleanup open to a legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State attorneys made that clear to the Legislature last year in a legal opinion asserting cap-and trade money can, for the time being, only be spent “for purposes that reasonably relate to the reduction of [greenhouse gas] emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Counsel prepared the opinion for state Sen. Bob Wieckowski, the chair of the subcommittee that oversees the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He voiced his frustration with the state’s plan to spend the funds on water cleanup on the Senate floor last week, saying it “further weakens the integrity of our Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“AB 32 requires the Governor and the Legislature to only use revenues from the auctions of Cap and Trade for programs that reduce carbon emissions into our atmosphere,” Wieckowski said. AB 32 is California’s landmark climate change law, which sets targets for reductions in the state’s greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, this does not bode well for future GGRF budgets,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While AB 32 was set to expire in 2020, the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legislature\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> passed an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11593491/brown-schwarzenegger-celebrate-extension-of-cap-and-trade\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">extension\u003c/span>\u003c/a> through 2030 \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">two years ago.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That bill, AB 398, also removes the limits on how cap-and-trade money is spent \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">as of Jan. 1, 2021, according to the Legislative Counsel’s opinion. The analysis attributes the freeing of those funds to the way AB 398 was written and because of its passage by a supermajority, both of which transformed cap-and-trade revenue from a fee, designated for specific use, into a tax, available for general spending. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wieckowski said on the Senate floor he was worried about how cap-and-trade money might be “broadened to include other uses” after 2021. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>“I would caution that every worthy cause should not be financed through this fund,” he said. “We have been instructed by the scientific community that our window is closing, and we may even be at the point of no return on permanent, irreversible climate consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Newsom administration doesn’t see it that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kate Gordon, director of the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, said it’s time for California to stop thinking about climate issues in a “segregated budget box” with separate policies for reducing emissions and addressing climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the administration is looking to integrate climate considerations into housing, fire management and water policy. “I don’t think that’s a bad thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor’s focus on putting new funds into the infill infrastructure fund is a climate policy, because it’s about building housing in denser areas so people drive less,” she said. “That’s climate policy. How do we think about fire management as a climate policy? How do we think about water movement as a climate policy?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Drinking Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across California, about a million people lack access to safe drinking water, even though the state has spent $3 billion since 2010 to solve the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, state lawmakers have fought over plans to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed a tax on water bills that would fund programs to rebuild broken drinking water infrastructure in some of the state’s poorest communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, with some lawmakers worried that their constituents wouldn’t accept a new monthly tax given the state’s huge budget surplus. (The political peril entailed in voting for new taxes was driven home last June, when Orange County voters \u003ca href=\"https://voiceofoc.org/2018/06/josh-newman-is-recalled-ending-democrats-supermajority-in-state-senate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recalled\u003c/a> Democratic state Sen. Josh Newman after his vote to increase the gas tax.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So instead of the new water tax, lawmakers crafted a compromise that includes $100 million from cap-and-trade revenue and $33.4 million from the general fund. A trailer bill also seeks to use 5% of the cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danny Cullenward, an energy economist and a member of the cap-and-trade oversight committee, said the new plan marks a “real shift,” and not for the good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are moving towards something that very clearly is not about climate,” he said. “It’s about water quality and it’s about water access. It’s not really about reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration originally argued the expenditure on the water plan is in compliance with the cap-and-trade directive because trucks will no longer have to deliver bottled water to people whose tap water is undrinkable, and so will reduce emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cullenward, who in addition to being on the cap-and-trade oversight committee is the policy director for the climate group \u003ca href=\"http://www.nearzero.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near Zero\u003c/a>, said that’s a stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is getting much closer to the line, if it’s not over the line,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gordon, who also advises Newsom on climate issues, said the water plan would also replace the existing water delivery system with one that’s more energy efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A massive amount of our energy goes into moving water, and making that more efficient would have a huge impact,” she said. “If you’re not resilient, then your systems fall apart. We have a climate impact that’s creating this situation and we need to solve this situation in a way that reduces emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water expenditure is just the latest appropriation to rile critics of the way cap-and-trade money is spent. Former Gov. Jerry Brown drew \u003ca href=\"https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2014/01/10/critics-uniting-against-california-high-speed-rail-funding-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticism\u003c/a> when he spent more than $1 billion from the fund on the state’s beleaguered high-speed rail project. More questionable was Brown’s 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1059992624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diver\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1059992624\">sion\u003c/a> of $500 million cap-and-trade dollars to help balance the state’s budget, although the money was eventually repaid. Last week the Los Angeles Times published an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-cap-and-trade-safe-drinking-water-budget-20190614-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial\u003c/a> saying that lawmakers are turning cap-and-trade revenue into a “slush fund.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enviro Groups Split\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over using cap-and-trade funds on clean drinking water has \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\">split\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\">community\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the state’s largest environmental groups, such as the Sierra Club, argue that the program should primarily be used to stave off the worst impacts of climate change by curbing emissions. Kathryn Phillips, director of the Sierra Club California, told \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a> that the money for the water project should have been taken out of the general fund instead of cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental justice groups have fought cap and trade for years, arguing that it allows industry to pay to pollute in communities already burdened with pollution. These groups have also advocated that any funds from the program be used to meet the needs of communities most impacted by dirty air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That includes places like Fresno and the Central Valley, where they are struggling not only with toxic drinking water, but also some of the worst air quality in the state,” said Marie Choi, spokesperson for Asian Pacific Environmental Network. “For us, solutions aren’t about carbon counting, it’s about making our neighborhoods and people healthy and whole again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, an advocacy group for lower-income communities, pushed state lawmakers to approve a water tax, with the money going to pay for clean water programs in the San Joaquin and Coachella valleys, among other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These places are most impacted by the hot, dry conditions exacerbated by climate change, the group argues, and in light of the tax plan’s failure, the group wants to see the current proposal to use cap-and-trade money enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drought in particular has impacted drinking water quantity and quality,” said Phoebe Seaton, the group’s co-director. “We have seen since the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund’s inception the link between drinking water and climate, from an adaptation side and from a climate mitigation side,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941438/millions-for-climate-environmental-priorities-in-newsoms-may-budget\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">presented\u003c/a> his May budget revision, he defended his proposed tax on water bills, saying it would be a “proud day, when the Legislature and the governor can align on providing a basic fundamental right. That’s clean and drinkable water at an affordable price for the most vulnerable Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even then, he signaled an openness to alternatives. “I’m not consumed by process, but by outcome,” he said in answer to a reporter’s question. “But we will get to a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Not everyone, however, agrees on where the money should come from to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue? The Legislature wants to use revenue from California’s cap-and-trade climate change program, which was created to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by making companies pay for the right to emit them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money the program generates is required by law to go toward programs that reduce the planet-warming gases. While that mandate hasn’t stopped lawmakers in the past from allocating funds to projects that are, arguably, only marginally related to greenhouse gas reduction, it could leave the funding for water cleanup open to a legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State attorneys made that clear to the Legislature last year in a legal opinion asserting cap-and trade money can, for the time being, only be spent “for purposes that reasonably relate to the reduction of [greenhouse gas] emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislative Counsel prepared the opinion for state Sen. Bob Wieckowski, the chair of the subcommittee that oversees the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He voiced his frustration with the state’s plan to spend the funds on water cleanup on the Senate floor last week, saying it “further weakens the integrity of our Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“AB 32 requires the Governor and the Legislature to only use revenues from the auctions of Cap and Trade for programs that reduce carbon emissions into our atmosphere,” Wieckowski said. AB 32 is California’s landmark climate change law, which sets targets for reductions in the state’s greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, this does not bode well for future GGRF budgets,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While AB 32 was set to expire in 2020, the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Legislature\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> passed an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11593491/brown-schwarzenegger-celebrate-extension-of-cap-and-trade\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">extension\u003c/span>\u003c/a> through 2030 \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">two years ago.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That bill, AB 398, also removes the limits on how cap-and-trade money is spent \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">as of Jan. 1, 2021, according to the Legislative Counsel’s opinion. The analysis attributes the freeing of those funds to the way AB 398 was written and because of its passage by a supermajority, both of which transformed cap-and-trade revenue from a fee, designated for specific use, into a tax, available for general spending. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wieckowski said on the Senate floor he was worried about how cap-and-trade money might be “broadened to include other uses” after 2021. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>“I would caution that every worthy cause should not be financed through this fund,” he said. “We have been instructed by the scientific community that our window is closing, and we may even be at the point of no return on permanent, irreversible climate consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Newsom administration doesn’t see it that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kate Gordon, director of the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, said it’s time for California to stop thinking about climate issues in a “segregated budget box” with separate policies for reducing emissions and addressing climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the administration is looking to integrate climate considerations into housing, fire management and water policy. “I don’t think that’s a bad thing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor’s focus on putting new funds into the infill infrastructure fund is a climate policy, because it’s about building housing in denser areas so people drive less,” she said. “That’s climate policy. How do we think about fire management as a climate policy? How do we think about water movement as a climate policy?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clean Drinking Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across California, about a million people lack access to safe drinking water, even though the state has spent $3 billion since 2010 to solve the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, state lawmakers have fought over plans to address the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed a tax on water bills that would fund programs to rebuild broken drinking water infrastructure in some of the state’s poorest communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, with some lawmakers worried that their constituents wouldn’t accept a new monthly tax given the state’s huge budget surplus. (The political peril entailed in voting for new taxes was driven home last June, when Orange County voters \u003ca href=\"https://voiceofoc.org/2018/06/josh-newman-is-recalled-ending-democrats-supermajority-in-state-senate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recalled\u003c/a> Democratic state Sen. Josh Newman after his vote to increase the gas tax.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So instead of the new water tax, lawmakers crafted a compromise that includes $100 million from cap-and-trade revenue and $33.4 million from the general fund. A trailer bill also seeks to use 5% of the cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danny Cullenward, an energy economist and a member of the cap-and-trade oversight committee, said the new plan marks a “real shift,” and not for the good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are moving towards something that very clearly is not about climate,” he said. “It’s about water quality and it’s about water access. It’s not really about reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration originally argued the expenditure on the water plan is in compliance with the cap-and-trade directive because trucks will no longer have to deliver bottled water to people whose tap water is undrinkable, and so will reduce emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cullenward, who in addition to being on the cap-and-trade oversight committee is the policy director for the climate group \u003ca href=\"http://www.nearzero.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Near Zero\u003c/a>, said that’s a stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is getting much closer to the line, if it’s not over the line,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gordon, who also advises Newsom on climate issues, said the water plan would also replace the existing water delivery system with one that’s more energy efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A massive amount of our energy goes into moving water, and making that more efficient would have a huge impact,” she said. “If you’re not resilient, then your systems fall apart. We have a climate impact that’s creating this situation and we need to solve this situation in a way that reduces emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water expenditure is just the latest appropriation to rile critics of the way cap-and-trade money is spent. Former Gov. Jerry Brown drew \u003ca href=\"https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/2014/01/10/critics-uniting-against-california-high-speed-rail-funding-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criticism\u003c/a> when he spent more than $1 billion from the fund on the state’s beleaguered high-speed rail project. More questionable was Brown’s 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1059992624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diver\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1059992624\">sion\u003c/a> of $500 million cap-and-trade dollars to help balance the state’s budget, although the money was eventually repaid. Last week the Los Angeles Times published an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-cap-and-trade-safe-drinking-water-budget-20190614-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">editorial\u003c/a> saying that lawmakers are turning cap-and-trade revenue into a “slush fund.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enviro Groups Split\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over using cap-and-trade funds on clean drinking water has \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\">split\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\">the\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\">community\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the state’s largest environmental groups, such as the Sierra Club, argue that the program should primarily be used to stave off the worst impacts of climate change by curbing emissions. Kathryn Phillips, director of the Sierra Club California, told \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-clean-drinking-water-funding-greenhouse-gas-fund-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a> that the money for the water project should have been taken out of the general fund instead of cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental justice groups have fought cap and trade for years, arguing that it allows industry to pay to pollute in communities already burdened with pollution. These groups have also advocated that any funds from the program be used to meet the needs of communities most impacted by dirty air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That includes places like Fresno and the Central Valley, where they are struggling not only with toxic drinking water, but also some of the worst air quality in the state,” said Marie Choi, spokesperson for Asian Pacific Environmental Network. “For us, solutions aren’t about carbon counting, it’s about making our neighborhoods and people healthy and whole again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, an advocacy group for lower-income communities, pushed state lawmakers to approve a water tax, with the money going to pay for clean water programs in the San Joaquin and Coachella valleys, among other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These places are most impacted by the hot, dry conditions exacerbated by climate change, the group argues, and in light of the tax plan’s failure, the group wants to see the current proposal to use cap-and-trade money enacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drought in particular has impacted drinking water quantity and quality,” said Phoebe Seaton, the group’s co-director. “We have seen since the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund’s inception the link between drinking water and climate, from an adaptation side and from a climate mitigation side,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941438/millions-for-climate-environmental-priorities-in-newsoms-may-budget\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">presented\u003c/a> his May budget revision, he defended his proposed tax on water bills, saying it would be a “proud day, when the Legislature and the governor can align on providing a basic fundamental right. That’s clean and drinkable water at an affordable price for the most vulnerable Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even then, he signaled an openness to alternatives. “I’m not consumed by process, but by outcome,” he said in answer to a reporter’s question. “But we will get to a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal land managers on Wednesday proposed sweeping rule changes to a landmark environmental law that would allow them to fast-track certain forest management projects, including logging and prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service, under Chief Vicki Christiansen, is proposing revisions to its National Environmental Policy Act regulations that could limit environmental review and public input on projects ranging from forest health and wildfire mitigation to infrastructure upgrades to commercial logging on federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do more analysis than we need, we take more time than we need and we slow down important work to protect communities,” Christiansen told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule changes include an expansion of “categorical exclusions.” These are often billed as tools that give land managers the discretion to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671572816/fast-tracking-logging-on-federal-lands-may-not-lessen-wildfire-risk\">bypass full-blown environmental studies\u003c/a> in places where they can demonstrate there would be no severe impacts or degradation to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Gale, with the conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://www.backcountryhunters.org/\">Backcountry Hunters & Anglers\u003c/a>, says that if applied carefully and narrowly to certain projects, these exclusions could help lower the fire risk. But he’s skeptical because the administration recently rolled back \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/15/713616827/trump-administration-moves-forward-with-proposal-to-re-define-waterway-protectio\">protections for clean water and wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don’t want to see this become the Trojan horse for unchecked resource extraction,” Gale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service insists this is not about ramping up commercial logging in public forests. On average, according to Christiansen, it can take big restoration projects that generally have broad support as long as two years to approve. She predicts that time could be cut by more than half if the rule changes move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let me be clear that the Forest Service will continue to deliver high-quality, science-based analysis,” she said. “We’re proposing more efficiency, not shortcutting. In fact, [we’re] enhancing, where we can, public involvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies have long complained of “analysis paralysis” when it comes to getting large landscape-scale projects approved. Policymakers frequently decry what they call frivolous lawsuits by litigious-minded environmental groups who \u003ca href=\"https://www.sidneyherald.com/national/news/environmental-groups-challenge-bridger-mountains-logging-project/article_b1fdc1a4-347d-53e8-ae29-104aa2c6177e.html\">use the courts to try to stop logging\u003c/a> on public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the government’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-337\">own analysis\u003c/a> — the last done in 2010 during the Obama administration — fewer than one-fifth of all timber and forest projects are appealed by citizens or environmental groups. A bigger holdup is budget cuts, particularly in the Forest Service, where money has been diverted away from wildlife, habitat and forestry programs to pay for the skyrocketing costs of wildfire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule changes are subject to a 60-day public comment period. Barring litigation or other holdups, the Forest Service hopes to finalize them by summer of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Seeking+To+Overhaul+Forest+Management+Rules+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal land managers on Wednesday proposed sweeping rule changes to a landmark environmental law that would allow them to fast-track certain forest management projects, including logging and prescribed burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Forest Service, under Chief Vicki Christiansen, is proposing revisions to its National Environmental Policy Act regulations that could limit environmental review and public input on projects ranging from forest health and wildfire mitigation to infrastructure upgrades to commercial logging on federal land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do more analysis than we need, we take more time than we need and we slow down important work to protect communities,” Christiansen told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule changes include an expansion of “categorical exclusions.” These are often billed as tools that give land managers the discretion to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671572816/fast-tracking-logging-on-federal-lands-may-not-lessen-wildfire-risk\">bypass full-blown environmental studies\u003c/a> in places where they can demonstrate there would be no severe impacts or degradation to the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Gale, with the conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://www.backcountryhunters.org/\">Backcountry Hunters & Anglers\u003c/a>, says that if applied carefully and narrowly to certain projects, these exclusions could help lower the fire risk. But he’s skeptical because the administration recently rolled back \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/15/713616827/trump-administration-moves-forward-with-proposal-to-re-define-waterway-protectio\">protections for clean water and wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don’t want to see this become the Trojan horse for unchecked resource extraction,” Gale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service insists this is not about ramping up commercial logging in public forests. On average, according to Christiansen, it can take big restoration projects that generally have broad support as long as two years to approve. She predicts that time could be cut by more than half if the rule changes move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let me be clear that the Forest Service will continue to deliver high-quality, science-based analysis,” she said. “We’re proposing more efficiency, not shortcutting. In fact, [we’re] enhancing, where we can, public involvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies have long complained of “analysis paralysis” when it comes to getting large landscape-scale projects approved. Policymakers frequently decry what they call frivolous lawsuits by litigious-minded environmental groups who \u003ca href=\"https://www.sidneyherald.com/national/news/environmental-groups-challenge-bridger-mountains-logging-project/article_b1fdc1a4-347d-53e8-ae29-104aa2c6177e.html\">use the courts to try to stop logging\u003c/a> on public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the government’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-337\">own analysis\u003c/a> — the last done in 2010 during the Obama administration — fewer than one-fifth of all timber and forest projects are appealed by citizens or environmental groups. A bigger holdup is budget cuts, particularly in the Forest Service, where money has been diverted away from wildlife, habitat and forestry programs to pay for the skyrocketing costs of wildfire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule changes are subject to a 60-day public comment period. Barring litigation or other holdups, the Forest Service hopes to finalize them by summer of next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Seeking+To+Overhaul+Forest+Management+Rules+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "One Potential Solution to Deadly Fires in the Wilderness: Don't Build There",
"headTitle": "One Potential Solution to Deadly Fires in the Wilderness: Don’t Build There | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As the riskiest areas for wildfire expand, Californians keep pouring into them. By midcentury, builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new homes in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a contradiction, and the state’s showing no signs of resolving it. Almost as incendiary as wildfire itself is the idea that we shouldn’t build — or in many cases rebuild — because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"small\" citation=\"Kurt Henke, retired Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District chief\"]‘Are there areas that shouldn’t be built? Absolutely. If the last two or three years doesn’t change it, what more do they need to see?’[/pullquote]Even as California demands \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941685/this-california-neighborhood-was-built-to-survive-a-wildfire-and-it-worked\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardened homes\u003c/a> through tougher building codes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struggles\u003c/a> with enforcing existing requirements for defensible space, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942547/in-the-age-of-the-crazy-fast-fire-a-good-evacuation-plan-may-not-be-enough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begins to consider\u003c/a> the role of evacuation routes in community safety, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942299/onetime-enemies-over-logging-are-now-a-community-to-prevent-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reconsiders\u003c/a> its relationship with the forests and grasslands where people spark fires, the hardest question remains unspoken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should California communities retreat from the growing risk of fire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retreat seems to grate on the American psyche; we don’t like to go backwards,” said Nicholas Pinter, a geology professor at UC Davis who \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/small-towns-big-flood-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a> repeat flooding, another natural hazard whose frequency is affected by human behavior and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"small\"]\u003ca href=\"mailto:mpeterson@kqed.org\">Contact Molly Peterson\u003c/a>[/pullquote]While California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917374/map-see-if-you-live-in-a-high-risk-fire-zone-and-what-that-means\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mapped\u003c/a> fire risk and boosted scrutiny of local fire response in \u003ca href=\"http://opr.ca.gov/planning/general-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general plans\u003c/a>, the road maps for development that officials use, nothing prevents local communities from rebuilding in places that have burned over and over, like Paradise in Butte County, and Fountaingrove in the city of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts say the state’s land use and planning practices demand reconsideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s mature and it’s a mark of intelligence that we can actually say … let’s do this better, let’s do it radically different, different enough that this isn’t actually that big a problem anymore,” said Max Moritz, a cooperative extension fire specialist at UC Santa Barbara’s Bren School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Vulnerabilities Are Our Choices\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of buildings in Paradise burned down. Established in the Sierra Nevada foothills in the 1800s, the town grew in the 20th century without much in the way of zoning or planning for fire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943271\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 425px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943271\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-1200x900.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Claire Gottsdanker lost her home in Santa Barbara County’s Tea Fire. Immediately after a fire is a ‘terrible time to make a decision,’ about rebuilding, she said. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s normal for California. No codified guidance tells communities where and how to build to reduce the threat from natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s recently updated building codes do minimize hazards in the “building envelope,” the outer elements in the structure itself. To aid in fighting fires, the state also \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardMitigationSite/Documents/011-2018%20SHMP_FINAL_Ch%208.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires\u003c/a> water supplies and certain features related to road access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some planners now say these mitigation efforts aren’t enough to guarantee the safety of new development. Pete Parkinson, who lost a home in Santa Rosa and has led planning departments in Napa, Sonoma and Santa Cruz counties before retiring, sounded an alarm last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot recall any development project that was denied, or where the density was substantially reduced, because of known wildfire hazards,” he \u003ca href=\"http://winewaterwatch.org/wp1/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/PParkinson-AICP-We-Planned-We-Were-Wrong.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> in a regional newsletter for the American Planning Association. “The fire hazards in some areas of our state are simply too great to allow additional residential development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Moritz has talked to local planners and fire officials who sign off on developments and recognize weaknesses in the current system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have the authority to do what they know is right, and so they have to let some of these developments proceed without being able to say anything about how it could be done better,” he said. “From the people I’ve talked to, I know that that’s hard to sleep with really, when you play that out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1941376,science_1943058'] [/aside]Since January, the state has made counties consult with fire officials on planning, but it’s not clear how much that will affect decisions. Under a law passed last year, counties with very high risk fire severity zones and state responsibility areas must submit the safety elements of their general plans to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection for review. If counties don’t incorporate the fire marshall’s recommendations, they \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">must meet\u003c/a> with officials from the board, but the law provides no penalties or substantive requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produces several maps that include information potentially useful to planning, but none includes guidance about how planners might use them, says Moritz. Cal Fire has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland_zones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maps\u003c/a> on fire hazard severity zones and has analyzed \u003ca href=\"http://frap.fire.ca.gov/projects/fireprobability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fire probability\u003c/a>; the California Public Utilities Commission has created fire threat \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/firethreatmaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moritz says these maps focus on just parts of what makes up fire risk. That risk, he says, is a calculation based both on hazards — the steepness of canyons and the dryness of vegetation — and on vulnerabilities — the systems that communities build to cope with the hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So whether San Diego County is waiving requirements for multiple roads in and out of a new development next to the steep canyons of \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/urban/pdfs/San-Diego-BoS-Wildfire-Comment-Letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmony Grove\u003c/a>, or Los Angeles County is approving thousands of new homes in the fire-prone grasslands of \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/statement-tejon-ranch-co-regarding-214500538.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centennial at Tejon Ranch\u003c/a>, our vulnerabilities — our choices, really — aren’t on any map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/06/Peterson2wayWildfireRetreat.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limits on Rebuilding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians would have to act if counties are to set limits on where developers build, or the state is to set limits on what counties could permit. But elected officials are rarely caught talking about such limits in the wild. Instead, we rely on retired fire officials to speak truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are there areas that shouldn’t be built? Absolutely,” said Kurt Henke, who retired as chief from the Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District after a 35-year career. “If the last two or three years doesn’t change it, what more do they need to see?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-complete_open_graph wp-image-1943274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-1200x900.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former city of Santa Barbara fire chief Pat McElroy. ‘Hoping it doesn’t happen again isn’t a strategy.’ \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fire officials stress that public safety isn’t just the work of first responders. In planning, though, safety concerns compete with the need for both housing and the local property taxes that fund essential services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local control over planning and development is sacrosanct in California. But one fire-safety argument is that the state could take some of that authority over land use back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his way into retirement last December, Cal Fire chief Ken Pimlott \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/d2f76432db1749d4918e55624a47c654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told AP\u003c/a> that the state must consider prohibiting building in wildfire-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours into his new job in January, Gov. Gavin Newsom was in Colfax, standing with Placer County supervisors and Auburn mayor Cheryl Maki, as he \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CaliforniaOES/videos/1808489912589772/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was asked\u003c/a> about Pimlott’s remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom turned to face the local officials as he said he recognized the stresses they face in permitting development in the wildland-urban interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last thing you want is, you know, some guy in Sacramento there telling you what to do in Auburn,” Newsom said. “That said, if, you know, there’s a point where common sense … is not in evidence, maybe we can lean in a little, and encourage and incentivize better behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., the Constitution prevents government taking of private property without compensation. But natural hazards change the value of compensation all of the time, and limits on zoning or development can occur. While it’s very rare that a public official will propose an outright ban on rebuilding after a fire, it does happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, a fire that sparked in a Los Angeles County homeless camp wrapped the hills around the 405 freeway in flames. After that blaze, called the Skirball Fire, and the neighboring Rye and Creek Fires, the longtime head of the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, Joe Edmiston, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rebuilding-in-hazard-zones-20171216-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spoke to the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> about scorched properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think two strikes is enough and they ought to be bought out,” he said. It wasn’t the first time he had floated the idea — 24 years earlier, after another fire, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-wildfire-rebuild-20181124-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called for\u003c/a> a “three strikes” rule, under which homeowners could obtain recovery funds for no more than three disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmiston is now part of a task force evaluating local response to the 2017 Woolsey Fire, which killed three people and destroyed 1,500 buildings. A spokeswoman for the conservancy said Edmiston wouldn’t comment further on planning and rebuilding until that work is complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Montecito: Redefining Resilience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January of last year, heavy rain let loose a punch: Mud and water poured down from the Santa Ynez mountains into Montecito, a town of about 9,000 people in Santa Barbara County. Former Santa Barbara City fire chief Pat McElroy says the debris flow slapped the bark off sycamore trees and bowled sandstone rocks the size of SUVs into houses. Twenty-three people died as the Thomas fire still burned in backcountry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fire was the county’s fifth in a decade. McElroy counts a cumulative toll from those years, from the 2007 Zaca Fire, the Tea and Gap Fires in 2008, the 2009 Jesusita Fire, and the Thomas in 2017. “It was a really shattering experience,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Montecito residents want to redefine resilience, by boosting physical protections against the cycle of fire, mud, repeat. McElroy helped found the Partnership for Resilient Communities, and people in the wealthy town have privately raised nearly $5 million to pay for six steel hoop retention nets that could slow the destructive crush of mud and debris that fire can cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943283 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-1020x655.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-1020x655.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-768x493.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-1200x771.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews stretch a mesh of steel hoops like chain mail across San Ysidro Creek in Montecito. The nets won’t block all debris that rain after a fire can release, but will slow it down.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early May, a helicopter hovered over San Ysidro Creek dangling a long mesh net of rings. Across the creek canyon, crews stood on wires stretched like tightropes, 70 feet across. The workers linked the mesh to the wires where they stood, then pulled the rings taut, like chainmail. These nets won’t stop debris rolling down the creek, but they will slow it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hoping it doesn’t happen again isn’t a strategy,” McElroy said, beaming as the operation unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others in Montecito wonder whether county planning practices need an even more radical shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, Santa Barbara County’s Tea Fire stole Claire Gottsdanker’s home, burning it to the ground as she watched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gottsdanker, a landscape designer, says she was one of the first people in Montecito to pull a permit to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She rebuilt quickly. But the trauma clung to her. Three years after the Tea Fire, she had a stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of that was on her mind a decade later, immediately after the Thomas Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a terrible time to make a decision,” Gottsdanker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After seeing the impacts of the Thomas Fire, she says, she wouldn’t want to rebuild again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County’s flood control district made it clear that everyone who wanted to could rebuild. As a member of the Montecito Board of Architectural Review, Gottsdanker was one of the first to review plans for one property along Montecito Creek, another canyon creek pounded by mudflows. In a public hearing, she asked the homeowner why she would want to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here she was getting her house reviewed and she can’t even get to it,” said Gottsdanker. “The county issued these … permits really fast. And I’m going, slow down, having been there 10 years ago, you need to slow down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The architectural review board and the planning board approved the project. No construction has begun; the once-verdant site remains brown and scrubby, with a camper tucked under a massive tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Window of Opportunity, But Short-Lived\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ryan Miller was growing up in the heart of Paradise, he thought of fire as something that happened to other people, on the edge of town. His family hadn’t moved to the Butte County town seeking a wildland experience. Rather, they were like a lot of his neighbors, wanting to be close to jobs in Chico: people who were “priced out,” he said, of the urban center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Miller’s a UC Davis Ph.D. student whose work focuses in part on natural hazards and how they impact housing disparity. His childhood home was one of thousands burned to the ground during the Camp Fire, and his mother has moved 30 miles away; she isn’t sure yet whether she will return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller worries that people in his community will feel pressured socially and economically into rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this growing sense that, you know, your duty is to go back and be resilient and go back to Paradise,” he said. “So I think we need to be more comfortable with the word ‘retreat.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Focusing on rebuilding is a narrow idea about community resilience after a wildfire. UC Davis geology professor Nicholas Pinter suggests a broader approach, with every question put on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinter studies repeat flooding and how communities respond to it, including by “managed retreat” — a term used often in the context of flood and sea level rise to describe backing away from a natural hazard. But he says maybe retreat isn’t the right word to encourage people to think differently about their risk, and to rely less on engineered mitigations that can often fail. Instead, California could think about heading toward a better understanding of resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re really talking about is fixing these old planning errors, moving people to a more appropriate location, and balancing human occupation of the landscape with the hazards that exist out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flood risk and fire risk are very different, but Pinter says in both contexts the time after the disaster is a crucial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really is this short-lived window of opportunity following a major natural disaster to have some sort of transformative change, to make things different afterwards,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After California’s fires last year, that window is open. But for how long is anybody’s guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Almost as incendiary as wildfire itself is the idea that we shouldn’t build — or in many cases rebuild — because of it. But some people are beginning to speak out that retreating from the 'Wildland-Urban Interface' needs to be on the table.",
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"description": "Almost as incendiary as wildfire itself is the idea that we shouldn’t build — or in many cases rebuild — because of it. But some people are beginning to speak out that retreating from the 'Wildland-Urban Interface' needs to be on the table.",
"title": "One Potential Solution to Deadly Fires in the Wilderness: Don't Build There | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the riskiest areas for wildfire expand, Californians keep pouring into them. By midcentury, builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new homes in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a contradiction, and the state’s showing no signs of resolving it. Almost as incendiary as wildfire itself is the idea that we shouldn’t build — or in many cases rebuild — because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Are there areas that shouldn’t be built? Absolutely. If the last two or three years doesn’t change it, what more do they need to see?’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Even as California demands \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941685/this-california-neighborhood-was-built-to-survive-a-wildfire-and-it-worked\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardened homes\u003c/a> through tougher building codes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struggles\u003c/a> with enforcing existing requirements for defensible space, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942547/in-the-age-of-the-crazy-fast-fire-a-good-evacuation-plan-may-not-be-enough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">begins to consider\u003c/a> the role of evacuation routes in community safety, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942299/onetime-enemies-over-logging-are-now-a-community-to-prevent-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reconsiders\u003c/a> its relationship with the forests and grasslands where people spark fires, the hardest question remains unspoken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should California communities retreat from the growing risk of fire?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retreat seems to grate on the American psyche; we don’t like to go backwards,” said Nicholas Pinter, a geology professor at UC Davis who \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/small-towns-big-flood-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a> repeat flooding, another natural hazard whose frequency is affected by human behavior and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003ca href=\"mailto:mpeterson@kqed.org\">Contact Molly Peterson\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917374/map-see-if-you-live-in-a-high-risk-fire-zone-and-what-that-means\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mapped\u003c/a> fire risk and boosted scrutiny of local fire response in \u003ca href=\"http://opr.ca.gov/planning/general-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">general plans\u003c/a>, the road maps for development that officials use, nothing prevents local communities from rebuilding in places that have burned over and over, like Paradise in Butte County, and Fountaingrove in the city of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts say the state’s land use and planning practices demand reconsideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s mature and it’s a mark of intelligence that we can actually say … let’s do this better, let’s do it radically different, different enough that this isn’t actually that big a problem anymore,” said Max Moritz, a cooperative extension fire specialist at UC Santa Barbara’s Bren School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Vulnerabilities Are Our Choices\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of buildings in Paradise burned down. Established in the Sierra Nevada foothills in the 1800s, the town grew in the 20th century without much in the way of zoning or planning for fire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943271\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 425px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943271\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-1200x900.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"425\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/RS37628_IMG_6088-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 425px) 100vw, 425px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Claire Gottsdanker lost her home in Santa Barbara County’s Tea Fire. Immediately after a fire is a ‘terrible time to make a decision,’ about rebuilding, she said. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s normal for California. No codified guidance tells communities where and how to build to reduce the threat from natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s recently updated building codes do minimize hazards in the “building envelope,” the outer elements in the structure itself. To aid in fighting fires, the state also \u003ca href=\"https://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardMitigationSite/Documents/011-2018%20SHMP_FINAL_Ch%208.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">requires\u003c/a> water supplies and certain features related to road access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some planners now say these mitigation efforts aren’t enough to guarantee the safety of new development. Pete Parkinson, who lost a home in Santa Rosa and has led planning departments in Napa, Sonoma and Santa Cruz counties before retiring, sounded an alarm last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot recall any development project that was denied, or where the density was substantially reduced, because of known wildfire hazards,” he \u003ca href=\"http://winewaterwatch.org/wp1/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/PParkinson-AICP-We-Planned-We-Were-Wrong.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> in a regional newsletter for the American Planning Association. “The fire hazards in some areas of our state are simply too great to allow additional residential development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Max Moritz has talked to local planners and fire officials who sign off on developments and recognize weaknesses in the current system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t have the authority to do what they know is right, and so they have to let some of these developments proceed without being able to say anything about how it could be done better,” he said. “From the people I’ve talked to, I know that that’s hard to sleep with really, when you play that out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since January, the state has made counties consult with fire officials on planning, but it’s not clear how much that will affect decisions. Under a law passed last year, counties with very high risk fire severity zones and state responsibility areas must submit the safety elements of their general plans to the Board of Forestry and Fire Protection for review. If counties don’t incorporate the fire marshall’s recommendations, they \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">must meet\u003c/a> with officials from the board, but the law provides no penalties or substantive requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produces several maps that include information potentially useful to planning, but none includes guidance about how planners might use them, says Moritz. Cal Fire has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/fire_prevention_wildland_zones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maps\u003c/a> on fire hazard severity zones and has analyzed \u003ca href=\"http://frap.fire.ca.gov/projects/fireprobability\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fire probability\u003c/a>; the California Public Utilities Commission has created fire threat \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/firethreatmaps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moritz says these maps focus on just parts of what makes up fire risk. That risk, he says, is a calculation based both on hazards — the steepness of canyons and the dryness of vegetation — and on vulnerabilities — the systems that communities build to cope with the hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So whether San Diego County is waiving requirements for multiple roads in and out of a new development next to the steep canyons of \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/urban/pdfs/San-Diego-BoS-Wildfire-Comment-Letter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmony Grove\u003c/a>, or Los Angeles County is approving thousands of new homes in the fire-prone grasslands of \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/statement-tejon-ranch-co-regarding-214500538.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centennial at Tejon Ranch\u003c/a>, our vulnerabilities — our choices, really — aren’t on any map.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limits on Rebuilding?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians would have to act if counties are to set limits on where developers build, or the state is to set limits on what counties could permit. But elected officials are rarely caught talking about such limits in the wild. Instead, we rely on retired fire officials to speak truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are there areas that shouldn’t be built? Absolutely,” said Kurt Henke, who retired as chief from the Sacramento Metropolitan Fire District after a 35-year career. “If the last two or three years doesn’t change it, what more do they need to see?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943274\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-complete_open_graph wp-image-1943274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-1200x900.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/California-Wildfire-Policies.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former city of Santa Barbara fire chief Pat McElroy. ‘Hoping it doesn’t happen again isn’t a strategy.’ \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fire officials stress that public safety isn’t just the work of first responders. In planning, though, safety concerns compete with the need for both housing and the local property taxes that fund essential services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local control over planning and development is sacrosanct in California. But one fire-safety argument is that the state could take some of that authority over land use back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his way into retirement last December, Cal Fire chief Ken Pimlott \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/d2f76432db1749d4918e55624a47c654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told AP\u003c/a> that the state must consider prohibiting building in wildfire-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours into his new job in January, Gov. Gavin Newsom was in Colfax, standing with Placer County supervisors and Auburn mayor Cheryl Maki, as he \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CaliforniaOES/videos/1808489912589772/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was asked\u003c/a> about Pimlott’s remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom turned to face the local officials as he said he recognized the stresses they face in permitting development in the wildland-urban interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last thing you want is, you know, some guy in Sacramento there telling you what to do in Auburn,” Newsom said. “That said, if, you know, there’s a point where common sense … is not in evidence, maybe we can lean in a little, and encourage and incentivize better behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., the Constitution prevents government taking of private property without compensation. But natural hazards change the value of compensation all of the time, and limits on zoning or development can occur. While it’s very rare that a public official will propose an outright ban on rebuilding after a fire, it does happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, a fire that sparked in a Los Angeles County homeless camp wrapped the hills around the 405 freeway in flames. After that blaze, called the Skirball Fire, and the neighboring Rye and Creek Fires, the longtime head of the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, Joe Edmiston, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-rebuilding-in-hazard-zones-20171216-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spoke to the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> about scorched properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think two strikes is enough and they ought to be bought out,” he said. It wasn’t the first time he had floated the idea — 24 years earlier, after another fire, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/editorials/la-ed-wildfire-rebuild-20181124-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called for\u003c/a> a “three strikes” rule, under which homeowners could obtain recovery funds for no more than three disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edmiston is now part of a task force evaluating local response to the 2017 Woolsey Fire, which killed three people and destroyed 1,500 buildings. A spokeswoman for the conservancy said Edmiston wouldn’t comment further on planning and rebuilding until that work is complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Montecito: Redefining Resilience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January of last year, heavy rain let loose a punch: Mud and water poured down from the Santa Ynez mountains into Montecito, a town of about 9,000 people in Santa Barbara County. Former Santa Barbara City fire chief Pat McElroy says the debris flow slapped the bark off sycamore trees and bowled sandstone rocks the size of SUVs into houses. Twenty-three people died as the Thomas fire still burned in backcountry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fire was the county’s fifth in a decade. McElroy counts a cumulative toll from those years, from the 2007 Zaca Fire, the Tea and Gap Fires in 2008, the 2009 Jesusita Fire, and the Thomas in 2017. “It was a really shattering experience,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Montecito residents want to redefine resilience, by boosting physical protections against the cycle of fire, mud, repeat. McElroy helped found the Partnership for Resilient Communities, and people in the wealthy town have privately raised nearly $5 million to pay for six steel hoop retention nets that could slow the destructive crush of mud and debris that fire can cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1943283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1943283 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-1020x655.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-1020x655.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-768x493.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire-1200x771.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/San-Ysidro-mud-wildfire.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews stretch a mesh of steel hoops like chain mail across San Ysidro Creek in Montecito. The nets won’t block all debris that rain after a fire can release, but will slow it down.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In early May, a helicopter hovered over San Ysidro Creek dangling a long mesh net of rings. Across the creek canyon, crews stood on wires stretched like tightropes, 70 feet across. The workers linked the mesh to the wires where they stood, then pulled the rings taut, like chainmail. These nets won’t stop debris rolling down the creek, but they will slow it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hoping it doesn’t happen again isn’t a strategy,” McElroy said, beaming as the operation unfolded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others in Montecito wonder whether county planning practices need an even more radical shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, Santa Barbara County’s Tea Fire stole Claire Gottsdanker’s home, burning it to the ground as she watched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gottsdanker, a landscape designer, says she was one of the first people in Montecito to pull a permit to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She rebuilt quickly. But the trauma clung to her. Three years after the Tea Fire, she had a stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of that was on her mind a decade later, immediately after the Thomas Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a terrible time to make a decision,” Gottsdanker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After seeing the impacts of the Thomas Fire, she says, she wouldn’t want to rebuild again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County’s flood control district made it clear that everyone who wanted to could rebuild. As a member of the Montecito Board of Architectural Review, Gottsdanker was one of the first to review plans for one property along Montecito Creek, another canyon creek pounded by mudflows. In a public hearing, she asked the homeowner why she would want to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here she was getting her house reviewed and she can’t even get to it,” said Gottsdanker. “The county issued these … permits really fast. And I’m going, slow down, having been there 10 years ago, you need to slow down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The architectural review board and the planning board approved the project. No construction has begun; the once-verdant site remains brown and scrubby, with a camper tucked under a massive tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Window of Opportunity, But Short-Lived\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Ryan Miller was growing up in the heart of Paradise, he thought of fire as something that happened to other people, on the edge of town. His family hadn’t moved to the Butte County town seeking a wildland experience. Rather, they were like a lot of his neighbors, wanting to be close to jobs in Chico: people who were “priced out,” he said, of the urban center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Miller’s a UC Davis Ph.D. student whose work focuses in part on natural hazards and how they impact housing disparity. His childhood home was one of thousands burned to the ground during the Camp Fire, and his mother has moved 30 miles away; she isn’t sure yet whether she will return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller worries that people in his community will feel pressured socially and economically into rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this growing sense that, you know, your duty is to go back and be resilient and go back to Paradise,” he said. “So I think we need to be more comfortable with the word ‘retreat.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Focusing on rebuilding is a narrow idea about community resilience after a wildfire. UC Davis geology professor Nicholas Pinter suggests a broader approach, with every question put on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinter studies repeat flooding and how communities respond to it, including by “managed retreat” — a term used often in the context of flood and sea level rise to describe backing away from a natural hazard. But he says maybe retreat isn’t the right word to encourage people to think differently about their risk, and to rely less on engineered mitigations that can often fail. Instead, California could think about heading toward a better understanding of resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re really talking about is fixing these old planning errors, moving people to a more appropriate location, and balancing human occupation of the landscape with the hazards that exist out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flood risk and fire risk are very different, but Pinter says in both contexts the time after the disaster is a crucial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really is this short-lived window of opportunity following a major natural disaster to have some sort of transformative change, to make things different afterwards,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After California’s fires last year, that window is open. But for how long is anybody’s guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>David Bevacqua never had trouble insuring a home in California, but he was in for a rude surprise after recently buying a house in Bass Lake, in the Sierra Nevada foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"small\" citation=\"California homeowner David Bevacqua\"]‘I’m paying twice as much as I expected, and now I have to deal with three separate policies on this one house.’[/pullquote] “None of the insurance companies would quote me,” he said. “I didn’t know what was going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bevacqua is not alone. As more and more destructive wildfires have whipped through the state in recent years, Californians living in areas considered a high wildfire risk are seeing their insurance rates creep up \u003cem>—\u003c/em> or in cases like Bevacqua’s, having insurers simply pull out of some communities altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2015 and 2016 alone, according to the state insurance commissioner’s office, there was a 15 percent increase in “insurer initiated non-renewals” in fire-prone areas. That means homeowners wanted to keep their insurance but the companies refused to renew their policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Bevacqua couldn’t get a policy on the “admitted” market, where rates are regulated by the state, he ended up going with an alternative known as the FAIR Plan. Created in the 1960s, it’s a very limited, expensive option-of-last resort for consumers who cannot find insurance elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m paying twice as much as I expected, and now I have to deal with three separate policies on this one house,” he said, referring to yet another policy he bought covering earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ah, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like Bevacqua’s have caught the attention of policymakers in Sacramento, who have made a number of tweaks to laws governing personal property insurance in recent years, including legislation prohibiting insurers from canceling policies after a home burns down, and laws aimed at making sure people understand their policies and are not underinsured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"small\" citation=\"Mark Sektnan, American Property Casualty Insurance Association\"]‘Wildfire is the one catastrophe where you may take all the correct actions, but if none of your neighbors do, the effectiveness of your own mitigations are not as good.’[/pullquote]But more sweeping insurance reforms have died under pressure from the insurance industry, and as of yet, no one seems to be ready to completely overhaul the state’s insurance market. According to the industry, 98 percent of Californians with home insurance are still covered by the traditional, regulated market, with the other 2% using the FAIR Plan and other policies not regulated by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason I hesitate about rethinking the entire insurance industry is that in California — despite these fires, despite the challenges — we have a robust market,” said California Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara. “We still feel comfortable that our insurance market is strong and healthy enough to be able to pay out claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Sektnan, of the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall we still see the market as very competitive, very viable,” he said. “But we do understand that homeowners in certain areas may be facing challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>‘Increasingly Unavailable and Unaffordable’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California actually has some of the most consumer-friendly insurance laws in the nation, thanks to a 30-year-old ballot measure that set the rules still in effect today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1943266,science_1943058'] [/aside]Those rules require insurance companies participating in the regulated market to base insurance rates on a customer’s individual level of risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the state insurance commissioner must approve the amount insurers can charge, he can’t force them to offer insurance if they think the risk is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those restrictions make sense, Lara said, to ensure that the insurance market stays financially healthy. So while he is concerned about the cost and availability of insurance in wildfire-prone areas, he said that basing prices on the level of risk that a home poses makes sense, even if it is driving up costs for those who are the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commission on Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recovery, set up by the state Legislature and governor to study wildfire costs, agreed with Lara, warning that if California “artificially masks” expensive insurance in high-risk regions by subsidizing rates, it will incentivize risky behavior and make insurance more expensive for people in other parts of the state where wildfires are not a threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the commission’s recent report said that while “the home insurance market is not in crisis yet,” the state is “marching toward a future where home insurance will be increasingly unavailable and/or unaffordable” for Californians in high-risk fire areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission focused on areas known as the wildland urban interface, or WUI, which refers to regions where homes are built near forests or other wildlands threatened by wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In evaluating whether to subsidize homeowners insurance in the WUI, policymakers need to consider whether the state wants to encourage more people to move into the WUI,” the report states. “We believe doing so will lead to more deaths and injuries of both residents and first responders, destruction of property, loss of homes, more damages to be paid by utilities … consequent costs to shareholders and utility ratepayers, and more costs for local, state and federal governments and taxpayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Discounts for Clearing Brush?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocate Amy Bach, executive director of the insurance consumer group United Policyholders, agrees that the current risk-based system should not be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because at its core, she says, insurance is “basically just a very kind of informed gambling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you buy insurance, you’re basically transferring your risk onto the insurance company,” she said. “The insurance company looks at you and says, ‘OK what is this person’s risk profile? How old are they? How responsible are they? What’s their history? … ‘ They’re just deciding, what is this risk worth that I’m taking on, and what am I going to charge this person?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara, the insurance commissioner, said he is trying to figure out how to “incentivize more of the admitted market insurers to stay in” high-risk areas to ensure lower prices and consumer protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that’s a lot to ask in some of these communities,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he noted that California is the largest market in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a massive market for the insurance companies. I don’t think it behooves them to leave the market. But also we have to figure out how we learn to coexist and how do we ensure that the market is robust so that they can pay out the claims and we can continue with our daily lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to do that could be requiring insurance companies to offer lower prices to individuals and communities that invest in materials and initiatives that make them less vulnerable to fire. That could include \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clearing the area\u003c/a> around a home of dangerous brush that can ignite during a wildfire, or building homes with more fire-resistant materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara said his office is pushing insurance companies to consider those sorts of discounts, similar to the discounts they give good drivers, for example. He said the industry is open to the concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is indeed exploring the idea, says Mark Sektnan, of the American Property Casualty Insurance Association. But to make it work, companies would need entire communities to participate in reducing a wildfire threat, because fires come with a uniquely unfortunate risk compared to other natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you mitigate your house for a hurricane or earthquake — whatever you do for your house directly benefits you, whatever your neighbors don’t do, doesn’t negatively impact you,” Sektnan said. “Wildfire is the one catastrophe where you may take all the correct actions, but if none of your neighbors do, the effectiveness of your own mitigations are not as good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sektnan said this kind of communitywide approach is already being taken in at least one market, where the county of Boulder in Colorado is partnering with insurers to bring down everyone’s rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara agreed that collective action is key, saying the state now needs to think about how to ensure communities work together to harden themselves against wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also wants to simplify insurance contracts so that consumers have a better idea of their coverage ahead of a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we create smarter contracts so that people can clearly understand what they’re covered [for], what they’re paying?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Questions Loom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, personal property insurance isn’t the only insurance question looming over California, as climate change is not only making wildfires more destructive, but it’s raising broader questions about the state’s resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, state firefighting costs have exploded in recent years, so Lara is pushing legislation that would let the state take out insurance to cover those cost overruns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders are also debating the possibility of a multibillion dollar wildfire insurance fund that would help protect the state’s utilities against financial ruin when they’re found liable for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Lara is also exploring more out-of-the-box ideas, such as taking out insurance policies on natural resource like wetlands or forests that are threatened by climate change but whose existence actually helps mitigate its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara, a former state lawmaker, authored legislation in 2018 to create a working group to address the broader question of climate change and insurance; that group will start meeting soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are we most vulnerable as a state? Where are we most at risk? ” he said. “We know, for example in the Bay Area, the wetlands around the bay are critical, and we have to make sure that they’re strong and they’re thriving so that we could defend against potential flooding or sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other parts of the world, this is already happening. For example, a coral reef off the coast of Cancun, Mexico, was recently insured in a collaboration between the government and nongovernmental organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world’s already starting to figure out how do we bring in the insurance industry in our united front against climate change,” Lara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California must do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "'Increasingly Unavailable and Unaffordable': Home Insurance Threatened Amid Wildfire Crisis",
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"source": "Living With Wildfire",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>David Bevacqua never had trouble insuring a home in California, but he was in for a rude surprise after recently buying a house in Bass Lake, in the Sierra Nevada foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I’m paying twice as much as I expected, and now I have to deal with three separate policies on this one house.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> “None of the insurance companies would quote me,” he said. “I didn’t know what was going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bevacqua is not alone. As more and more destructive wildfires have whipped through the state in recent years, Californians living in areas considered a high wildfire risk are seeing their insurance rates creep up \u003cem>—\u003c/em> or in cases like Bevacqua’s, having insurers simply pull out of some communities altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2015 and 2016 alone, according to the state insurance commissioner’s office, there was a 15 percent increase in “insurer initiated non-renewals” in fire-prone areas. That means homeowners wanted to keep their insurance but the companies refused to renew their policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Bevacqua couldn’t get a policy on the “admitted” market, where rates are regulated by the state, he ended up going with an alternative known as the FAIR Plan. Created in the 1960s, it’s a very limited, expensive option-of-last resort for consumers who cannot find insurance elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m paying twice as much as I expected, and now I have to deal with three separate policies on this one house,” he said, referring to yet another policy he bought covering earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ah, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories like Bevacqua’s have caught the attention of policymakers in Sacramento, who have made a number of tweaks to laws governing personal property insurance in recent years, including legislation prohibiting insurers from canceling policies after a home burns down, and laws aimed at making sure people understand their policies and are not underinsured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Wildfire is the one catastrophe where you may take all the correct actions, but if none of your neighbors do, the effectiveness of your own mitigations are not as good.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But more sweeping insurance reforms have died under pressure from the insurance industry, and as of yet, no one seems to be ready to completely overhaul the state’s insurance market. According to the industry, 98 percent of Californians with home insurance are still covered by the traditional, regulated market, with the other 2% using the FAIR Plan and other policies not regulated by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason I hesitate about rethinking the entire insurance industry is that in California — despite these fires, despite the challenges — we have a robust market,” said California Insurance Commissioner Ricardo Lara. “We still feel comfortable that our insurance market is strong and healthy enough to be able to pay out claims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Sektnan, of the American Property Casualty Insurance Association, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall we still see the market as very competitive, very viable,” he said. “But we do understand that homeowners in certain areas may be facing challenges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>‘Increasingly Unavailable and Unaffordable’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California actually has some of the most consumer-friendly insurance laws in the nation, thanks to a 30-year-old ballot measure that set the rules still in effect today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Those rules require insurance companies participating in the regulated market to base insurance rates on a customer’s individual level of risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the state insurance commissioner must approve the amount insurers can charge, he can’t force them to offer insurance if they think the risk is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those restrictions make sense, Lara said, to ensure that the insurance market stays financially healthy. So while he is concerned about the cost and availability of insurance in wildfire-prone areas, he said that basing prices on the level of risk that a home poses makes sense, even if it is driving up costs for those who are the most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Commission on Catastrophic Wildfire Cost and Recovery, set up by the state Legislature and governor to study wildfire costs, agreed with Lara, warning that if California “artificially masks” expensive insurance in high-risk regions by subsidizing rates, it will incentivize risky behavior and make insurance more expensive for people in other parts of the state where wildfires are not a threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the commission’s recent report said that while “the home insurance market is not in crisis yet,” the state is “marching toward a future where home insurance will be increasingly unavailable and/or unaffordable” for Californians in high-risk fire areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission focused on areas known as the wildland urban interface, or WUI, which refers to regions where homes are built near forests or other wildlands threatened by wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In evaluating whether to subsidize homeowners insurance in the WUI, policymakers need to consider whether the state wants to encourage more people to move into the WUI,” the report states. “We believe doing so will lead to more deaths and injuries of both residents and first responders, destruction of property, loss of homes, more damages to be paid by utilities … consequent costs to shareholders and utility ratepayers, and more costs for local, state and federal governments and taxpayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Discounts for Clearing Brush?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocate Amy Bach, executive director of the insurance consumer group United Policyholders, agrees that the current risk-based system should not be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because at its core, she says, insurance is “basically just a very kind of informed gambling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you buy insurance, you’re basically transferring your risk onto the insurance company,” she said. “The insurance company looks at you and says, ‘OK what is this person’s risk profile? How old are they? How responsible are they? What’s their history? … ‘ They’re just deciding, what is this risk worth that I’m taking on, and what am I going to charge this person?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara, the insurance commissioner, said he is trying to figure out how to “incentivize more of the admitted market insurers to stay in” high-risk areas to ensure lower prices and consumer protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know that’s a lot to ask in some of these communities,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he noted that California is the largest market in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a massive market for the insurance companies. I don’t think it behooves them to leave the market. But also we have to figure out how we learn to coexist and how do we ensure that the market is robust so that they can pay out the claims and we can continue with our daily lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to do that could be requiring insurance companies to offer lower prices to individuals and communities that invest in materials and initiatives that make them less vulnerable to fire. That could include \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clearing the area\u003c/a> around a home of dangerous brush that can ignite during a wildfire, or building homes with more fire-resistant materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara said his office is pushing insurance companies to consider those sorts of discounts, similar to the discounts they give good drivers, for example. He said the industry is open to the concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry is indeed exploring the idea, says Mark Sektnan, of the American Property Casualty Insurance Association. But to make it work, companies would need entire communities to participate in reducing a wildfire threat, because fires come with a uniquely unfortunate risk compared to other natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you mitigate your house for a hurricane or earthquake — whatever you do for your house directly benefits you, whatever your neighbors don’t do, doesn’t negatively impact you,” Sektnan said. “Wildfire is the one catastrophe where you may take all the correct actions, but if none of your neighbors do, the effectiveness of your own mitigations are not as good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sektnan said this kind of communitywide approach is already being taken in at least one market, where the county of Boulder in Colorado is partnering with insurers to bring down everyone’s rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara agreed that collective action is key, saying the state now needs to think about how to ensure communities work together to harden themselves against wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also wants to simplify insurance contracts so that consumers have a better idea of their coverage ahead of a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we create smarter contracts so that people can clearly understand what they’re covered [for], what they’re paying?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Questions Loom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, personal property insurance isn’t the only insurance question looming over California, as climate change is not only making wildfires more destructive, but it’s raising broader questions about the state’s resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, state firefighting costs have exploded in recent years, so Lara is pushing legislation that would let the state take out insurance to cover those cost overruns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State leaders are also debating the possibility of a multibillion dollar wildfire insurance fund that would help protect the state’s utilities against financial ruin when they’re found liable for fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Lara is also exploring more out-of-the-box ideas, such as taking out insurance policies on natural resource like wetlands or forests that are threatened by climate change but whose existence actually helps mitigate its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lara, a former state lawmaker, authored legislation in 2018 to create a working group to address the broader question of climate change and insurance; that group will start meeting soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are we most vulnerable as a state? Where are we most at risk? ” he said. “We know, for example in the Bay Area, the wetlands around the bay are critical, and we have to make sure that they’re strong and they’re thriving so that we could defend against potential flooding or sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other parts of the world, this is already happening. For example, a coral reef off the coast of Cancun, Mexico, was recently insured in a collaboration between the government and nongovernmental organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world’s already starting to figure out how do we bring in the insurance industry in our united front against climate change,” Lara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California must do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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