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"title": "Climate Change is Driving California’s Wildfires. The Kincade Fire? Not So Much",
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"content": "\u003cp>Let’s get something out of the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s wildfire activity has increased for five decades, and a strong body of research implicates climate change as a key driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\">study\u003c/a> from Columbia University found that warming is the \u003cem>lead \u003c/em>driver in a five-fold increase in the area of California that burns during any given year. The U.S. Forest Service policy of stomping out every fire as quickly as possible exacerbates the long-term trend, loading forests with fuel to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, 2019 is an unusual year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By several measures, it is so far the least destructive wildfire year of the last five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this writing, California has experienced fewer fire incidents, acres burned, and structures destroyed in 2019 than any other year dating back to 2015, based on data from Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three people have lost their lives to wildfire this year. The only recent year with fewer wildfire deaths was 2016, when there were none.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California Wildfire\" aria-label=\"Table\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mKMWX/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet wildfires have upended life across California. The Kincade Fire forced the evacuation of more than 180,000 people, a record for Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, PG&E cut power to hundreds of thousands of customers across 29 counties, to try and prevent more fires from starting. Some people went for days without electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what’s going on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Forest Fires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start, the fir, pine and other trees that fill the Sierra Nevada and higher elevations of Northern California are not burning much, thanks to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939675/big-snow-year-is-good-and-bad-news-for-california-but-mostly-good\">monster\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939675/big-snow-year-is-good-and-bad-news-for-california-but-mostly-good\">snow\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939675/big-snow-year-is-good-and-bad-news-for-california-but-mostly-good\">year\u003c/a> and a thorough soaking of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942464/bay-area-logs-its-wettest-may-this-century\">May\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942464/bay-area-logs-its-wettest-may-this-century\">rain\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kincade Fire, the year’s largest, has burned more than 77,000 acres of Sonoma County’s chaparral. Sage, shrubs, coastal live oak and madrones spot the grassy woodlands. Sure, there are areas with forest canopies here, but they are not nearly as thick as in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the fire is 100% contained, fire scientists say that strong winds, not forest fuel, drove the Kincade’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Sierra Nevada generally has less fires when we have wet years,” says Jon Keeley, a fire scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey. “But when you get into coastal California, rain isn’t necessarily a good predictor. It’s these extreme autumn winds which ultimately determine what happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeley says that the Kincade Fire and other severe fires from the last few years, including the Thomas Fire, Woolsey Fire and the North Bay fires of 2017, were “all blown by extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change “is probably secondary” as a cause, Oregon State University fire ecologist Meg Krawchuk says about the Kincade Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other incidents this year underscore California’s wildfire vulnerabilities beyond warming, she adds. “This year’s fires are showing more sensitivity associated with how California is growing, where populations are, building codes, and where people are allowed to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of Californians — about a third of the state’s population — live in what academics call the WUI, or the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/data/WUI/\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>” (pronounced whoo-ie). Wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917302/bay-area-sprawl-has-put-homes-in-the-path-of-fires-what-now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threaten\u003c/a> these neighborhoods, trailer parks and small developments that have sprawled into the forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of people expected to move into harm’s way is increasing. That means it’s likelier that somebody will ignite a fire when the winds are strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, humans do not directly start fires. Our stuff does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Primarily, power lines,” Keeley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at acreage burned by power line ignitions from 2000 to the present, they burned about half a million acres in California. That’s five times more than burned in the previous 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming temperatures play an important role in California’s uptick in wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat waves are more common. Snow is melting earlier in the spring. The state is at least three degrees warmer and less rain is falling, report \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-ca.pdf\">scientists\u003c/a> at the federal Environmental Protection Agency. The heat is expanding the area of the state prone to wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire needs three ingredients to burn: ignition, fuel and oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming temperatures are baking conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada and Northern California, increasing the available fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strongest effect of that warming is in the summertime forest fires,” says Park Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival of winter rains this year and strong dry winds were “essential ingredients” that likely contributed to the Kincade Fire, Williams says, but climate change may have been a contributing factor, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have one of those ingredients, but not the other, then you’re not going to get big fires,” he says. “When both of those switches are on, then it suddenly becomes very relevant that California is about three degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it would be without global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Wind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between Oct. 23 and Nov. 1, the National Weather Service issued three red flag warnings for windy, dry conditions in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arriving back-to-back, the offshore winds were a kind of three-act play, with brief interludes in which the gusts calmed for a day before whipping up again and expanding the Kincade Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">James Matson battled it in a bulldozer. “The fire was outrunning us,” he recalls. “We couldn’t go as fast as the fire, it would jump ahead of us.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters in the Bay Area had not seen these conditions before, says David King, one of the meteorologists. “At one point I stood up and asked if anyone has ever put out three red flag warnings in one week, and no one had an answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wind peaked the night of Saturday, Oct. 26 into Sunday, when gusts ripped faster than 90 miles per hour, in some locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Ot4H8Y-NtHs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The cellphone video above shows the Kincade Fire during one of the wind events. The video was provided by California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s Ben Ingwerson, who led a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11784042/inmates-saved-homes-in-the-kincade-fire-theyll-face-an-uphill-battle-getting-firefighting-jobs-after-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crew of inmate firefighters\u003c/a> in a fight against the wildfire. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some media outlets incorrectly reported the gusts as “hurricane force.” Scientists measure hurricane intensity by sustained wind speed, not gusts. Regardless, the winds were strong and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950377/heres-what-makes-the-winds-driving-the-kincade-fire-so-unusual\">the event lasted\u003c/a> for about 30 hours, which itself, is uncommon (King says these wind storms normally last for about 12 hours).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the gusts have subsided, the area remains bone dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King says measurements of the moisture in the atmosphere — known as precipitable water — tied the record for the lowest October reading ever recorded in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1190300390106910720?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While light winds are projected for the foreseeable future in Northern California, the reading is a reminder that fire season in California doesn’t adhere to a calendar. King suggests that 2019’s wildfire season could extend late into November or even December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no on-off switch,” he says. “Once it’s this dry, you must be prepared until you get a good soaking of rain. But nothing in the models shows even a sliver of rain coming our way.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this writing, California has experienced fewer fire incidents, acres burned, and structures destroyed in 2019 than any other year dating back to 2015, based on data from Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three people have lost their lives to wildfire this year. The only recent year with fewer wildfire deaths was 2016, when there were none.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"California Wildfire\" aria-label=\"Table\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/mKMWX/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"600\" height=\"339\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet wildfires have upended life across California. The Kincade Fire forced the evacuation of more than 180,000 people, a record for Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, PG&E cut power to hundreds of thousands of customers across 29 counties, to try and prevent more fires from starting. Some people went for days without electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what’s going on?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Forest Fires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start, the fir, pine and other trees that fill the Sierra Nevada and higher elevations of Northern California are not burning much, thanks to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939675/big-snow-year-is-good-and-bad-news-for-california-but-mostly-good\">monster\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939675/big-snow-year-is-good-and-bad-news-for-california-but-mostly-good\">snow\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939675/big-snow-year-is-good-and-bad-news-for-california-but-mostly-good\">year\u003c/a> and a thorough soaking of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942464/bay-area-logs-its-wettest-may-this-century\">May\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942464/bay-area-logs-its-wettest-may-this-century\">rain\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kincade Fire, the year’s largest, has burned more than 77,000 acres of Sonoma County’s chaparral. Sage, shrubs, coastal live oak and madrones spot the grassy woodlands. Sure, there are areas with forest canopies here, but they are not nearly as thick as in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the fire is 100% contained, fire scientists say that strong winds, not forest fuel, drove the Kincade’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Sierra Nevada generally has less fires when we have wet years,” says Jon Keeley, a fire scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey. “But when you get into coastal California, rain isn’t necessarily a good predictor. It’s these extreme autumn winds which ultimately determine what happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeley says that the Kincade Fire and other severe fires from the last few years, including the Thomas Fire, Woolsey Fire and the North Bay fires of 2017, were “all blown by extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change “is probably secondary” as a cause, Oregon State University fire ecologist Meg Krawchuk says about the Kincade Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other incidents this year underscore California’s wildfire vulnerabilities beyond warming, she adds. “This year’s fires are showing more sensitivity associated with how California is growing, where populations are, building codes, and where people are allowed to live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of Californians — about a third of the state’s population — live in what academics call the WUI, or the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/data/WUI/\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>” (pronounced whoo-ie). Wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917302/bay-area-sprawl-has-put-homes-in-the-path-of-fires-what-now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threaten\u003c/a> these neighborhoods, trailer parks and small developments that have sprawled into the forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of people expected to move into harm’s way is increasing. That means it’s likelier that somebody will ignite a fire when the winds are strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increasingly, humans do not directly start fires. Our stuff does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Primarily, power lines,” Keeley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at acreage burned by power line ignitions from 2000 to the present, they burned about half a million acres in California. That’s five times more than burned in the previous 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming temperatures play an important role in California’s uptick in wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat waves are more common. Snow is melting earlier in the spring. The state is at least three degrees warmer and less rain is falling, report \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-ca.pdf\">scientists\u003c/a> at the federal Environmental Protection Agency. The heat is expanding the area of the state prone to wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire needs three ingredients to burn: ignition, fuel and oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming temperatures are baking conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada and Northern California, increasing the available fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strongest effect of that warming is in the summertime forest fires,” says Park Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival of winter rains this year and strong dry winds were “essential ingredients” that likely contributed to the Kincade Fire, Williams says, but climate change may have been a contributing factor, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have one of those ingredients, but not the other, then you’re not going to get big fires,” he says. “When both of those switches are on, then it suddenly becomes very relevant that California is about three degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it would be without global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Wind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between Oct. 23 and Nov. 1, the National Weather Service issued three red flag warnings for windy, dry conditions in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arriving back-to-back, the offshore winds were a kind of three-act play, with brief interludes in which the gusts calmed for a day before whipping up again and expanding the Kincade Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">James Matson battled it in a bulldozer. “The fire was outrunning us,” he recalls. “We couldn’t go as fast as the fire, it would jump ahead of us.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters in the Bay Area had not seen these conditions before, says David King, one of the meteorologists. “At one point I stood up and asked if anyone has ever put out three red flag warnings in one week, and no one had an answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wind peaked the night of Saturday, Oct. 26 into Sunday, when gusts ripped faster than 90 miles per hour, in some locations.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ot4H8Y-NtHs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Ot4H8Y-NtHs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The cellphone video above shows the Kincade Fire during one of the wind events. The video was provided by California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s Ben Ingwerson, who led a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11784042/inmates-saved-homes-in-the-kincade-fire-theyll-face-an-uphill-battle-getting-firefighting-jobs-after-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crew of inmate firefighters\u003c/a> in a fight against the wildfire. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some media outlets incorrectly reported the gusts as “hurricane force.” Scientists measure hurricane intensity by sustained wind speed, not gusts. Regardless, the winds were strong and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950377/heres-what-makes-the-winds-driving-the-kincade-fire-so-unusual\">the event lasted\u003c/a> for about 30 hours, which itself, is uncommon (King says these wind storms normally last for about 12 hours).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the gusts have subsided, the area remains bone dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King says measurements of the moisture in the atmosphere — known as precipitable water — tied the record for the lowest October reading ever recorded in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>While light winds are projected for the foreseeable future in Northern California, the reading is a reminder that fire season in California doesn’t adhere to a calendar. King suggests that 2019’s wildfire season could extend late into November or even December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no on-off switch,” he says. “Once it’s this dry, you must be prepared until you get a good soaking of rain. But nothing in the models shows even a sliver of rain coming our way.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>High winds that kicked up during three separate periods within a week propelled the spread of the Kincade Fire in Sonoma County. The wind gusted, the fire raged and the smoke billowed over the Pacific Ocean. Then the wind died down, the fire smoldered and the smoke settled across Northern California. Rinse and repeat. Meteorologists say it’s incredibly rare to have three high-wind events within such a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, residents of Northern California found themselves, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934639/video-watch-smoke-from-camp-fire-disperse-over-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">once again\u003c/a>, reaching for smoke-filtering masks and searching the web for clues as to when and where the smoke would arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place that information is available is at the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which uses a supercomputer to predict smoke dispersal over the U.S. It’s called the \u003ca href=\"https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Refresh-Smoke model\u003c/a>, and it’s run out of NOAA’s Global Systems Division in Boulder, Colorado. Forecasts pull weather data gleaned from radar, airplanes and other sources to predict dispersal patterns over 36 hours. New forecasts are issued every six hours. While still designated as experimental, the model is slated to go operational in 2020, and it’s currently used by the National Weather Service to share information about air quality and visibility, the Global Systems Division says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create the video above, vertically integrated smoke model fields from NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory were downloaded for the start of the Kincade Fire on Oct. 23 to Nov. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>High winds that kicked up during three separate periods within a week propelled the spread of the Kincade Fire in Sonoma County. The wind gusted, the fire raged and the smoke billowed over the Pacific Ocean. Then the wind died down, the fire smoldered and the smoke settled across Northern California. Rinse and repeat. Meteorologists say it’s incredibly rare to have three high-wind events within such a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, residents of Northern California found themselves, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934639/video-watch-smoke-from-camp-fire-disperse-over-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">once again\u003c/a>, reaching for smoke-filtering masks and searching the web for clues as to when and where the smoke would arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place that information is available is at the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which uses a supercomputer to predict smoke dispersal over the U.S. It’s called the \u003ca href=\"https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Refresh-Smoke model\u003c/a>, and it’s run out of NOAA’s Global Systems Division in Boulder, Colorado. Forecasts pull weather data gleaned from radar, airplanes and other sources to predict dispersal patterns over 36 hours. New forecasts are issued every six hours. While still designated as experimental, the model is slated to go operational in 2020, and it’s currently used by the National Weather Service to share information about air quality and visibility, the Global Systems Division says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create the video above, vertically integrated smoke model fields from NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory were downloaded for the start of the Kincade Fire on Oct. 23 to Nov. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid?",
"headTitle": "Solar and Batteries Work in a Blackout, But What Does That Mean for the Grid? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>While his neighbors’ homes in the Berkeley Hills sat in the dark during a recent PG&E outage, Howard Matis had working lights, a cold fridge and a fully functional garage door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Tesla Powerwall batteries he installed just days before high winds prompted the utility to shut off electricity to millions in Northern California kept the power on in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“How can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anne Hoskins, Sunrun\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Home solar suppliers have seen a surge in interest since the PG&E shutoffs began. Most battery owners are still early adopters, but as prices come down, the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels on the roof charge Matis’ battery system, which can power most of his house. During an outage, those panels generally don’t work when they’re interconnected with the grid. A battery system, though, can store the solar energy and “island” a property from the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see the garage door,” Matis said. “It’s too heavy for my wife to lift. That’s why we have electricity. If we had a real fire right now, a lot of people couldn’t flee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From Experience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows what it’s like to escape a wildfire. In 1991, the Oakland Hills fire consumed his neighborhood. Vehicles jammed the roads, so a policeman loaded Matis and his son into another car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This incredibly brave woman drove on a twisty road,” he recalled. “She couldn’t see through the flames. And then she drove us to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of his neighbors died trying to escape. Matis’ neighborhood is more fire aware now and the power lines are buried underground. But the people there are not immune from PG&E’s blackouts or from the frustration they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve talked to PG&E in the past, and I realized they didn’t know what they’re talking about,” Matis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility would disagree, but other companies see an opportunity in that resentment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a very big uptick,” said Anne Hoskins, chief policy officer at Sunrun, which sells solar and battery systems. The company saw 15 times more web traffic to its battery pages than usual during the most recent outages. “We have a better way than relying on this over-century-old system that has to take power from far distances to serve communities and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoskins said home batteries aren’t just for emergencies. Homeowners can use them every day to store solar power for use when the sun goes down. Other solutions, like portable gas generators, are a temporary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re loud,” Hoskins said. “They’re dirty. And that also contributes to the problem, in our view, that we’re facing, which is climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, batteries are expensive. Telsa’s Powerwalls, the kind Howard Matis has in his garage, cost around $6,500 each, plus thousands more in installation. CEO Elon Musk recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1188880437067665408?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> that the company was knocking $1,000 off the price of their systems for Californians affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30% federal tax credit for solar and battery systems helps reduce the cost. So does California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfgenca.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Generation Incentive Program\u003c/a>, which provides rebates \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/learn/incentives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the thousands of dollars\u003c/a>. The California Public Utilities Commission recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/recent-changes-to-californias-self-generation-incentive-program-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carved out $100 million\u003c/a> in rebates for low-income households or communities in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Sunrun also offer leasing options with little money down for home batteries . That adds about $40 a month to a solar lease. But potentially, wealthier Californian homeowners could buy their way out of blackouts, leaving everyone else feeling the brunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you want to do is get ahead of that and figure out, okay, how can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?” Hoskins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that’s possible with “virtual power plants.” In \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-expands-its-renewable-energy-and-storage-portfolio-with-three-new-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one project\u003c/a> planned by \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a> in West Oakland, 500 low-income households will get solar and batteries. During times of high demand, those systems will feed power back onto the grid for everyone to use, almost like a traditional power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that locally produced power reduces the need for big transmission lines to bring it in from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely some truth to that, but there’s also some real cost to trying to operate smaller grids independently,” said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California utilities could spend billions on these microgrids, he says, but they’ll also need to spend billions on improving the existing grid to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we make all these investments, if we load it all into electricity rates, we’re going to have even higher electricity rates,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher PG&E rates could encourage more Californians to install solar and batteries to avoid the rising costs. But when households make their own electricity, they buy less from PG&E, so the utility gets less revenue for grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I have been arguing is that we really need to take some of these programs and take them off of electricity bills and put them into the state budget,” Borentsein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, PG&E’s blackouts and ongoing bankruptcy could add urgency to these conversations, as California looks for ways to create a safer and more reliable grid.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While his neighbors’ homes in the Berkeley Hills sat in the dark during a recent PG&E outage, Howard Matis had working lights, a cold fridge and a fully functional garage door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Tesla Powerwall batteries he installed just days before high winds prompted the utility to shut off electricity to millions in Northern California kept the power on in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“How can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anne Hoskins, Sunrun\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Home solar suppliers have seen a surge in interest since the PG&E shutoffs began. Most battery owners are still early adopters, but as prices come down, the technology is sparking a debate over whether California’s electric grid will be supplied by far-reaching transmission lines or powered by hyper-local sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar panels on the roof charge Matis’ battery system, which can power most of his house. During an outage, those panels generally don’t work when they’re interconnected with the grid. A battery system, though, can store the solar energy and “island” a property from the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see the garage door,” Matis said. “It’s too heavy for my wife to lift. That’s why we have electricity. If we had a real fire right now, a lot of people couldn’t flee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lessons From Experience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knows what it’s like to escape a wildfire. In 1991, the Oakland Hills fire consumed his neighborhood. Vehicles jammed the roads, so a policeman loaded Matis and his son into another car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This incredibly brave woman drove on a twisty road,” he recalled. “She couldn’t see through the flames. And then she drove us to safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of his neighbors died trying to escape. Matis’ neighborhood is more fire aware now and the power lines are buried underground. But the people there are not immune from PG&E’s blackouts or from the frustration they cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve talked to PG&E in the past, and I realized they didn’t know what they’re talking about,” Matis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility would disagree, but other companies see an opportunity in that resentment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a very big uptick,” said Anne Hoskins, chief policy officer at Sunrun, which sells solar and battery systems. The company saw 15 times more web traffic to its battery pages than usual during the most recent outages. “We have a better way than relying on this over-century-old system that has to take power from far distances to serve communities and people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoskins said home batteries aren’t just for emergencies. Homeowners can use them every day to store solar power for use when the sun goes down. Other solutions, like portable gas generators, are a temporary measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re loud,” Hoskins said. “They’re dirty. And that also contributes to the problem, in our view, that we’re facing, which is climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, batteries are expensive. Telsa’s Powerwalls, the kind Howard Matis has in his garage, cost around $6,500 each, plus thousands more in installation. CEO Elon Musk recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1188880437067665408?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted\u003c/a> that the company was knocking $1,000 off the price of their systems for Californians affected by the outages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30% federal tax credit for solar and battery systems helps reduce the cost. So does California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfgenca.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Generation Incentive Program\u003c/a>, which provides rebates \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/energy/powerwall/learn/incentives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the thousands of dollars\u003c/a>. The California Public Utilities Commission recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/recent-changes-to-californias-self-generation-incentive-program-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">carved out $100 million\u003c/a> in rebates for low-income households or communities in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Sunrun also offer leasing options with little money down for home batteries . That adds about $40 a month to a solar lease. But potentially, wealthier Californian homeowners could buy their way out of blackouts, leaving everyone else feeling the brunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sharing the Benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what you want to do is get ahead of that and figure out, okay, how can we build a system so all those investments that people are making can bring a benefit to the grid as a whole?” Hoskins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that’s possible with “virtual power plants.” In \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/ebce-expands-its-renewable-energy-and-storage-portfolio-with-three-new-contracts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one project\u003c/a> planned by \u003ca href=\"https://ebce.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Community Energy\u003c/a> in West Oakland, 500 low-income households will get solar and batteries. During times of high demand, those systems will feed power back onto the grid for everyone to use, almost like a traditional power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that locally produced power reduces the need for big transmission lines to bring it in from far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s definitely some truth to that, but there’s also some real cost to trying to operate smaller grids independently,” said Severin Borenstein, an energy economist at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California utilities could spend billions on these microgrids, he says, but they’ll also need to spend billions on improving the existing grid to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we make all these investments, if we load it all into electricity rates, we’re going to have even higher electricity rates,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Higher PG&E rates could encourage more Californians to install solar and batteries to avoid the rising costs. But when households make their own electricity, they buy less from PG&E, so the utility gets less revenue for grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I have been arguing is that we really need to take some of these programs and take them off of electricity bills and put them into the state budget,” Borentsein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, PG&E’s blackouts and ongoing bankruptcy could add urgency to these conversations, as California looks for ways to create a safer and more reliable grid.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Climate Reality Clashes With California Dreams",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thousands of people remain under mandatory evacuation orders in Northern California. Some have endured wildfires, smoke, floods, blackouts and evacuations many times. Now, even though the state’s population is predicted to top 40 million this year, some are wondering whether California is the dream they’d hoped for. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A few weeks ago, Philip Van Gelder’s biggest chore was clearing crusty mud and debris from his land. He and his wife live on an idyllic property nestled among vineyards and rolling hills in the tiny town of Geyserville, a few hours north of San Francisco. Last winter, record-breaking downpours turned the community into an island. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’ve been through several flood situations there,” said Van Gelder, a 74-year-old musician. “This was the worst we’ve seen in 40 years.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He and his wife watched water creep toward the front porch of their green wooden cottage. When the top step disappeared underwater, the couple fled. They lost fruit orchards, a woodshop and an art studio. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’ll be cleaning up from that flood for the rest of our lives,” Van Gelder said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The property was starting to look normal a week ago when he heard explosions in the wee hours of the morning. Hot, gusty winds shook the windows. Wildfire raged through the surrounding hills. Firefighters warned his family that flames could level the town. Authorities ordered a mandatory evacuation for his neighborhood. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Van Gelder refused to abandon his property, though he told officials he would remain vigilant. He and his wife weathered a few smoky days without electricity or gas, before ferocious winds picked up again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The hills exploded in flames,” Van Gelder said. “The house was surrounded by soot and ash blowing everywhere.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They raced to their car with their cat, a few guitars and some key documents. The husband and wife are now staying with their daughter a few hours south, in Oakland. Van Gelder says he can’t relax. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He questions his future in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think the climate is definitely becoming extreme,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change did not, by itself, cause the Kincade Fire or the winds that propelled it. But it has increased the risk of wildfire in California and throughout the nation, along with the rapid spread of those fires when they do start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still Running\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years after wildfires in Santa Rosa chased her from her home, Danielle Bryant feels as if she’s still running for her life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fire, which killed 44 people, consumed her neighborhood, including her house. The next year, a few hours away, the Camp Fire killed more than 80 people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last weekend at dawn, sirens woke Bryant and her husband again. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My heart was racing. I couldn’t think. I felt very on guard,” Bryant recalled. “I tried to put myself into action but also I felt frozen.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They hit a fog bank of smoke as they drove from their temporary apartment, less than a mile from their old house. “It looked like we were driving through hell.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since then, Bryant has lost her appetite. Bad dreams keep her up at night. She and her husband are talking about selling the house they’re rebuilding. Construction is way behind schedule. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everyone is stretched and stressed because our builder took on too many homes,” she said. “There are so many stories about people folding and leaving.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She says a sense of humor has helped her cope. But at the same time, she said, “It feels very scary. \u003c/span>I just don’t know where home is right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every day she thinks about relocating. The stress and trauma have taxed her marriage, her work and her health. But leaving would not be \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">simple. Bryant grew up here. Her aging mother lives nearby. And moving is no guarantee of safety. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “What place doesn’t have fire?” she said. “Iceland? Vast wide open spaces like the Mojave desert?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it possible, she wonders, to outrun climate change?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state’s population is predicted to top 40 million this year, but amid serial catastrophes, some are wondering whether the dream of California is still alive.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thousands of people remain under mandatory evacuation orders in Northern California. Some have endured wildfires, smoke, floods, blackouts and evacuations many times. Now, even though the state’s population is predicted to top 40 million this year, some are wondering whether California is the dream they’d hoped for. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A few weeks ago, Philip Van Gelder’s biggest chore was clearing crusty mud and debris from his land. He and his wife live on an idyllic property nestled among vineyards and rolling hills in the tiny town of Geyserville, a few hours north of San Francisco. Last winter, record-breaking downpours turned the community into an island. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’ve been through several flood situations there,” said Van Gelder, a 74-year-old musician. “This was the worst we’ve seen in 40 years.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He and his wife watched water creep toward the front porch of their green wooden cottage. When the top step disappeared underwater, the couple fled. They lost fruit orchards, a woodshop and an art studio. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’ll be cleaning up from that flood for the rest of our lives,” Van Gelder said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The property was starting to look normal a week ago when he heard explosions in the wee hours of the morning. Hot, gusty winds shook the windows. Wildfire raged through the surrounding hills. Firefighters warned his family that flames could level the town. Authorities ordered a mandatory evacuation for his neighborhood. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Van Gelder refused to abandon his property, though he told officials he would remain vigilant. He and his wife weathered a few smoky days without electricity or gas, before ferocious winds picked up again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The hills exploded in flames,” Van Gelder said. “The house was surrounded by soot and ash blowing everywhere.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They raced to their car with their cat, a few guitars and some key documents. The husband and wife are now staying with their daughter a few hours south, in Oakland. Van Gelder says he can’t relax. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He questions his future in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think the climate is definitely becoming extreme,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change did not, by itself, cause the Kincade Fire or the winds that propelled it. But it has increased the risk of wildfire in California and throughout the nation, along with the rapid spread of those fires when they do start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still Running\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years after wildfires in Santa Rosa chased her from her home, Danielle Bryant feels as if she’s still running for her life. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fire, which killed 44 people, consumed her neighborhood, including her house. The next year, a few hours away, the Camp Fire killed more than 80 people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last weekend at dawn, sirens woke Bryant and her husband again. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My heart was racing. I couldn’t think. I felt very on guard,” Bryant recalled. “I tried to put myself into action but also I felt frozen.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They hit a fog bank of smoke as they drove from their temporary apartment, less than a mile from their old house. “It looked like we were driving through hell.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since then, Bryant has lost her appetite. Bad dreams keep her up at night. She and her husband are talking about selling the house they’re rebuilding. Construction is way behind schedule. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Everyone is stretched and stressed because our builder took on too many homes,” she said. “There are so many stories about people folding and leaving.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She says a sense of humor has helped her cope. But at the same time, she said, “It feels very scary. \u003c/span>I just don’t know where home is right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every day she thinks about relocating. The stress and trauma have taxed her marriage, her work and her health. But leaving would not be \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">simple. Bryant grew up here. Her aging mother lives nearby. And moving is no guarantee of safety. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “What place doesn’t have fire?” she said. “Iceland? Vast wide open spaces like the Mojave desert?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is it possible, she wonders, to outrun climate change?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "wildfires-reignite-old-trauma-for-survivors-of-last-octobers-devastation",
"title": "Wildfires Reignite Old Trauma for Survivors of Previous Evacuations",
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"content": "\u003cp>There are 18 wildfires now blazing across California, which means many of the state’s residents are waking up to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">smell of smoke\u003c/a> and hazy skies. The Carr fire near Redding has scorched \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least 141,000 acres\u003c/a>, and killed seven people. Three fires in Mendocino County are all less than an hour away from Santa Rosa — where some neighborhoods burned to the ground last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You can just feel it. There’s a sense of tension here in Santa Rosa.’\u003ccite>Danielle Bryant, Santa Rosa \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Confronting constant reminders of what fire can do has become a terrifying reality for people who survived last year’s flames and are still piecing their lives back together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists, therapists and other counselors are working to assure these survivors that surges of panic, grief and agitation are healthy and normal, even as they offer tips for quenching the terror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The view from Danielle Bryant’s bedroom window, in her new temporary apartment in Santa Rosa, is pretty unsettling these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The orange-tinged sky is just enough for me, to set off my anxiety and feelings of fear,” Bryant says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Running for Your Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year on Oct. 8, an explosion jolted Bryant awake in the middle of the night. Howling winds shook her Santa Rosa house. The air was hot. Bryant and her husband jumped in their car and fled with only the clothes on their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feared for our life,” she says. “We were running for our life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they returned the next day the street was desolate. The air wreaked of burnt chemicals. Homes were charred rubble. The October flames eventually destroyed thousands of houses and killed 44 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were victims to one of the most terrible events in history,” says Bryant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still Haunted 10 Months Later\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, Bryant has struggled with many symptoms of trauma: sleeplessness, nightmares, irritability, and loss of appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Agitation — so quick to agitation,” Bryant says. “Hence the fight that I got in the other night with my husband.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘“The trouble is, the brain keeps rising to the occasion, even when the threat isn’t current.’\u003ccite>Jennifer Freeman, LMFT\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was a fight about nothing. She says she blew up after watching the news about all the fires on television. She hasn’t turned on the TV since. She’s hearing similar stories from friends and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just feel it,” Bryant says. “There’s a sense of tension here in Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryant’s current apartment is about a mile away from her old house. She’s still working through everything that happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These last 10 months,” she says, “have been one of the hardest times of my life, because what you have to do after an event like this is, you have to go on living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There’s Nothing Wrong With You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emotions and physiological responses Bryant describes are common after a life-threatening event. \u003ca href=\"http://www.francesfuchsphd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Francis Fuchs\u003c/a> is a psychologist and counselor in Santa Rosa who has been treating fire victims who are highly affected by all the current blazes in northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”IDGNibKXzC1suzCgQlBF4ihTNqdejZ0J”]”They are having more difficulty with sleeping,” Fuchs says. “They are having a heightened sense of anxiety and unease. They are having some flashbacks of their fire experience from last October. Also mood changes — more anxious or tearful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many laypeople casually use the term PTSD – \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a> — to loosely describe a response to a terrifying experience. But psychologists say not all responses to trauma actually fit that diagnosis, which includes symptoms that must last more than a month and be severe enough to interfere with relationships or work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, the fear, anxiety, sleeplessness or shallow breathing many fire survivors are experiencing right now are healthy and transient, psychologists and therapists say — the body’s evolutionary responses to the belief that danger is again near.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s preverbal, it’s precognitive,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.padmagordon.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Padma Gordon\u003c/a>, a spiritual counselor and mindfulness educator in San Rafael. “So what happens when we’re threatened: We grip; we contract; we stop breathing. And all this is registering in our brains and in our bodies, instantaneously. Because we’re hardwired for survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a survivor of trauma again senses signs of the previous threat – the smell of smoke, the color of the orange sky, the sound of a phone “ding” for an emergency alert — the protective survival system kicks in, even when the danger isn’t immediate this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brain is designed to alert you to threats,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.narrativeapproaches.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jennifer Freeman\u003c/a>, a licensed marriage and family therapist in Berkeley. “The trouble is, the brain keeps rising to the occasion, even when the threat isn’t current.” Freeman has worked with survivors of trauma and in the aftermath of natural disasters — including earthquakes and tsunamis — for three decades, both in the U.S. and internationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Can Do \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a variety of cognitive and physical techniques that can help us through periods of trauma, counselors say, and people vary in which ones they find most helpful, often depending on their own cultural traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”DoMftZ0opUaLlZB6oulpFZ9Z6AAuj1In”]Freeman says one of the first steps to calm the mind and body is to be kind to yourself and respect that your system is trying to help you survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can say, ‘Thank you body, thank you brain for trying to take care of me,'” Freeman says. “Which is very different than, ‘Oh, what’s wrong with me?’ and ‘I need to get rid of it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon recommends reminding yourself out loud that the fearful event is not happening again. It may sound silly to talk to yourself, but the body, she says, recognizes and calms with the sound of your voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“’I’m sitting here in a space that doesn’t smell like smoke,’” Gordon says, as an example. “’And I’m not hearing sirens, and people aren’t running, trying to escape. I’m not hearing the sound of flames.’ It’s basically ‘getting present.’ Bring yourself back into the present.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even setting yourself a task — counting all the green objects you can see from where you sitting, for example — shows your brain there is no threat nearby, says Wowlvenn Seward-Katzmiller, a somatic psychotherapist in Sebastopol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other tools for ‘coming back to the present’ can be as simple as tapping your feet, Gordon says. Or smelling something you enjoy — such as tangerine or balsam fir or cinnamon — or playing calming music. To consciously \u003ca href=\"https://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/stress-anxiety/breathing-three-exercises/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slow rapid breathing\u003c/a>, try putting one hand on your belly and one hand on your heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105931606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Slowing your breath\u003c/a> activates the parasympathetic nervous system, Freeman points out, which is the body’s calming system. Seward-Katzmiller suggests long, slow exhalations as if you are blowing out a candle through a long straw. And here’s a fun one: have a long (20 seconds) belly-to-belly hug with a pet or loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also can heal by helping others. Asking questions that elicit the story of how someone survived the traumatic event is an approach Freeman worked with in Samoa, after the 2009 tsunami.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked, ‘What did you do during the wave, and after the wave. What did you turn to for strength?’ So we don’t elicit narratives of helplessness. They are stories of pain and hope, struggle and resilience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are helping someone, it’s important to ask what kinds of help they want — not to assume that each approach works with everyone, she adds. When Freeman was working in Samoa, for example, she learned from local therapists and others there that many people preferred to work via community and family groups, rather than in individual therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, basic situations such as an inability to pay for a temporary home or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13815450/for-undocumented-workers-an-uphill-journey-after-the-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threat of deportation\u003c/a> can change what a person most needs in order to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grieving and Finding Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>During especially hard times recently, Bryant has found herself driving to the empty lot in Santa Rosa where she used to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was like visiting like a gravesite,” Bryant says. “So it was a place to just come and be and to cry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few moments gazing at the ruins, she backs out of her parking spot, pauses, then takes a deep breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just seeing the smoke off to the east,” Bryant says, looking at the sky, “I get this sense of dread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we drive down her old street in the Coffey Park neighborhood we pass the skeleton of a burnt-out car, still parked in a pile of ash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryant pulls up to an empty lot overgrown with weeds, and gets out of the car. We carefully tread through some weeds and knee high bushes. “See this outline, this box? That was it. That was our home.” Bryant crouches and puts her head in her hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triggered memories can still feel overwhelming, but her neighborhood is also coming back to life. Next door, a crane drops a pile of plywood beams, and construction crews are framing new homes. All over the ground, green sprouts are pushing through the blackened decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684689\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11684689 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/danieles-lot-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The foundation that was once Danielle Bryant’s home in the Coffee\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This green is hopeful to me,” Bryant says. “This is just a sign that nature comes back — and is forgiving. And that we can, we \u003cem>can\u003c/em>. We can come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help process her grief, Bryant is taking a writing class. She finds it therapeutic to put her painful memories into words and phrases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Grief breathing into my bones of lead,” Bryant reads. “It stuck there in the deep. Was it all a dream? After we were refugees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as wildfires rage within an hour of Santa Rosa, Bryant is excited at the prospect of rebuilding the house in the old neighborhood, and moving back — she hopes within about a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is going back to the place of trauma,” Bryant admits. “But it’s also going back to our home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resources for Fire Survivors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Disaster Distress Helpline 1(800)985-5990\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://healthcarefoundation.net/category/wildfire-mental-health-collaborative/\">Wildfire Mental Health Collaborative \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Free \u003ca href=\"http://www.recamft.org/freecounseling\">therapy sessions\u003c/a> to fire survivors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists \u003ca href=\"http://www.recamft.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire survivors’ page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mysonomastrong.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">My Sonoma Strong\u003c/a>, a self-help service\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Marisol Medina-Cadena contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In fire-torn parts of the West, some people now safe still struggle emotionally when they again smell smoke or spot an orange haze in the sky. That's normal, say therapists. ",
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"title": "Wildfires Reignite Old Trauma for Survivors of Previous Evacuations | KQED",
"description": "In fire-torn parts of the West, some people now safe still struggle emotionally when they again smell smoke or spot an orange haze in the sky. That's normal, say therapists. ",
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"headline": "Wildfires Reignite Old Trauma for Survivors of Previous Evacuations",
"datePublished": "2019-10-29T15:26:37-07:00",
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"source": "Wildfires",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are 18 wildfires now blazing across California, which means many of the state’s residents are waking up to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">smell of smoke\u003c/a> and hazy skies. The Carr fire near Redding has scorched \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least 141,000 acres\u003c/a>, and killed seven people. Three fires in Mendocino County are all less than an hour away from Santa Rosa — where some neighborhoods burned to the ground last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You can just feel it. There’s a sense of tension here in Santa Rosa.’\u003ccite>Danielle Bryant, Santa Rosa \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Confronting constant reminders of what fire can do has become a terrifying reality for people who survived last year’s flames and are still piecing their lives back together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists, therapists and other counselors are working to assure these survivors that surges of panic, grief and agitation are healthy and normal, even as they offer tips for quenching the terror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The view from Danielle Bryant’s bedroom window, in her new temporary apartment in Santa Rosa, is pretty unsettling these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The orange-tinged sky is just enough for me, to set off my anxiety and feelings of fear,” Bryant says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Running for Your Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year on Oct. 8, an explosion jolted Bryant awake in the middle of the night. Howling winds shook her Santa Rosa house. The air was hot. Bryant and her husband jumped in their car and fled with only the clothes on their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feared for our life,” she says. “We were running for our life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they returned the next day the street was desolate. The air wreaked of burnt chemicals. Homes were charred rubble. The October flames eventually destroyed thousands of houses and killed 44 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were victims to one of the most terrible events in history,” says Bryant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still Haunted 10 Months Later\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past year, Bryant has struggled with many symptoms of trauma: sleeplessness, nightmares, irritability, and loss of appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Agitation — so quick to agitation,” Bryant says. “Hence the fight that I got in the other night with my husband.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘“The trouble is, the brain keeps rising to the occasion, even when the threat isn’t current.’\u003ccite>Jennifer Freeman, LMFT\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was a fight about nothing. She says she blew up after watching the news about all the fires on television. She hasn’t turned on the TV since. She’s hearing similar stories from friends and neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can just feel it,” Bryant says. “There’s a sense of tension here in Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryant’s current apartment is about a mile away from her old house. She’s still working through everything that happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These last 10 months,” she says, “have been one of the hardest times of my life, because what you have to do after an event like this is, you have to go on living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There’s Nothing Wrong With You\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emotions and physiological responses Bryant describes are common after a life-threatening event. \u003ca href=\"http://www.francesfuchsphd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Francis Fuchs\u003c/a> is a psychologist and counselor in Santa Rosa who has been treating fire victims who are highly affected by all the current blazes in northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”They are having more difficulty with sleeping,” Fuchs says. “They are having a heightened sense of anxiety and unease. They are having some flashbacks of their fire experience from last October. Also mood changes — more anxious or tearful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many laypeople casually use the term PTSD – \u003ca href=\"https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a> — to loosely describe a response to a terrifying experience. But psychologists say not all responses to trauma actually fit that diagnosis, which includes symptoms that must last more than a month and be severe enough to interfere with relationships or work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, the fear, anxiety, sleeplessness or shallow breathing many fire survivors are experiencing right now are healthy and transient, psychologists and therapists say — the body’s evolutionary responses to the belief that danger is again near.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s preverbal, it’s precognitive,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.padmagordon.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Padma Gordon\u003c/a>, a spiritual counselor and mindfulness educator in San Rafael. “So what happens when we’re threatened: We grip; we contract; we stop breathing. And all this is registering in our brains and in our bodies, instantaneously. Because we’re hardwired for survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a survivor of trauma again senses signs of the previous threat – the smell of smoke, the color of the orange sky, the sound of a phone “ding” for an emergency alert — the protective survival system kicks in, even when the danger isn’t immediate this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The brain is designed to alert you to threats,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.narrativeapproaches.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jennifer Freeman\u003c/a>, a licensed marriage and family therapist in Berkeley. “The trouble is, the brain keeps rising to the occasion, even when the threat isn’t current.” Freeman has worked with survivors of trauma and in the aftermath of natural disasters — including earthquakes and tsunamis — for three decades, both in the U.S. and internationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Can Do \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a variety of cognitive and physical techniques that can help us through periods of trauma, counselors say, and people vary in which ones they find most helpful, often depending on their own cultural traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Freeman says one of the first steps to calm the mind and body is to be kind to yourself and respect that your system is trying to help you survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can say, ‘Thank you body, thank you brain for trying to take care of me,'” Freeman says. “Which is very different than, ‘Oh, what’s wrong with me?’ and ‘I need to get rid of it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon recommends reminding yourself out loud that the fearful event is not happening again. It may sound silly to talk to yourself, but the body, she says, recognizes and calms with the sound of your voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“’I’m sitting here in a space that doesn’t smell like smoke,’” Gordon says, as an example. “’And I’m not hearing sirens, and people aren’t running, trying to escape. I’m not hearing the sound of flames.’ It’s basically ‘getting present.’ Bring yourself back into the present.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even setting yourself a task — counting all the green objects you can see from where you sitting, for example — shows your brain there is no threat nearby, says Wowlvenn Seward-Katzmiller, a somatic psychotherapist in Sebastopol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other tools for ‘coming back to the present’ can be as simple as tapping your feet, Gordon says. Or smelling something you enjoy — such as tangerine or balsam fir or cinnamon — or playing calming music. To consciously \u003ca href=\"https://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/stress-anxiety/breathing-three-exercises/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slow rapid breathing\u003c/a>, try putting one hand on your belly and one hand on your heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105931606\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Slowing your breath\u003c/a> activates the parasympathetic nervous system, Freeman points out, which is the body’s calming system. Seward-Katzmiller suggests long, slow exhalations as if you are blowing out a candle through a long straw. And here’s a fun one: have a long (20 seconds) belly-to-belly hug with a pet or loved one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also can heal by helping others. Asking questions that elicit the story of how someone survived the traumatic event is an approach Freeman worked with in Samoa, after the 2009 tsunami.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked, ‘What did you do during the wave, and after the wave. What did you turn to for strength?’ So we don’t elicit narratives of helplessness. They are stories of pain and hope, struggle and resilience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are helping someone, it’s important to ask what kinds of help they want — not to assume that each approach works with everyone, she adds. When Freeman was working in Samoa, for example, she learned from local therapists and others there that many people preferred to work via community and family groups, rather than in individual therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, basic situations such as an inability to pay for a temporary home or the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13815450/for-undocumented-workers-an-uphill-journey-after-the-fires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threat of deportation\u003c/a> can change what a person most needs in order to heal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Grieving and Finding Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"storytext\" class=\"storytext storylocation linkLocation\">\n\u003cp>During especially hard times recently, Bryant has found herself driving to the empty lot in Santa Rosa where she used to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was like visiting like a gravesite,” Bryant says. “So it was a place to just come and be and to cry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few moments gazing at the ruins, she backs out of her parking spot, pauses, then takes a deep breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just seeing the smoke off to the east,” Bryant says, looking at the sky, “I get this sense of dread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we drive down her old street in the Coffey Park neighborhood we pass the skeleton of a burnt-out car, still parked in a pile of ash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryant pulls up to an empty lot overgrown with weeds, and gets out of the car. We carefully tread through some weeds and knee high bushes. “See this outline, this box? That was it. That was our home.” Bryant crouches and puts her head in her hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triggered memories can still feel overwhelming, but her neighborhood is also coming back to life. Next door, a crane drops a pile of plywood beams, and construction crews are framing new homes. All over the ground, green sprouts are pushing through the blackened decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684689\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11684689 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/danieles-lot-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The foundation that was once Danielle Bryant’s home in the Coffee\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This green is hopeful to me,” Bryant says. “This is just a sign that nature comes back — and is forgiving. And that we can, we \u003cem>can\u003c/em>. We can come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help process her grief, Bryant is taking a writing class. She finds it therapeutic to put her painful memories into words and phrases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Grief breathing into my bones of lead,” Bryant reads. “It stuck there in the deep. Was it all a dream? After we were refugees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as wildfires rage within an hour of Santa Rosa, Bryant is excited at the prospect of rebuilding the house in the old neighborhood, and moving back — she hopes within about a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is going back to the place of trauma,” Bryant admits. “But it’s also going back to our home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resources for Fire Survivors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Disaster Distress Helpline 1(800)985-5990\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://healthcarefoundation.net/category/wildfire-mental-health-collaborative/\">Wildfire Mental Health Collaborative \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Free \u003ca href=\"http://www.recamft.org/freecounseling\">therapy sessions\u003c/a> to fire survivors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists \u003ca href=\"http://www.recamft.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire survivors’ page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mysonomastrong.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">My Sonoma Strong\u003c/a>, a self-help service\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Marisol Medina-Cadena contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The hardest thing to predict when looking at fire behavior is where a fire might “spot” next. Fires spot when winds hurl burning branches, sparks or embers, called “firebrands,” out beyond the leading edge of the fire, igniting new fires. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' citation='Craig Clements, SJSU Fire Weather Research Laboratory']‘Fire prediction models don’t have anything for spotting. That’s why a lot of them get these big, wind-driven fires wrong.’[/pullquote] Yet it was one of the most important questions facing Sonoma County officials over the weekend, given the extraordinary winds meteorologists predicted would bear down on the Kincade Fire. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is extreme wind,” said Craig Clements, director of San José State University’s Fire Weather Research Laboratory. “Very strong, and the fire behavior was very extreme.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clements and his team were up near Healdsburg Sunday morning, after a night when winds hit the fire at speeds above 75 miles per hour.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We were observing flame heights of hundreds and hundreds of feet,” he said. “Whole conifer trees torching. Rapid rates of spread. Spotting. It was just phenomenal.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s one reason county officials said they issued evacuation warnings and orders well ahead of the advancing fire; Cal Fire’s models of the fire behavior predicted the Kincade Fire could spot more than a mile from the existing front. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950394\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1950394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This new mobile radar allows scientists with SJSU’s Fire Weather Research lab to collect information they’ve never had before, to help learn how fires spot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Craig Clements/SJSU Fire Weather Research Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And any new spot fire would have the same rapid rate of spreading as the main fire does, said Steve Volmer, Cal Fire’s chief fire behavior analyst, and the same potential for spotting a mile or more further on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If anything does start on the other side of 101, the west side,” he said Sunday morning, “that area hasn’t seen any fire history since the 1940s. So the fuels in that area are extremely dense. They’re extremely old and decadent. They’re extremely dry.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The ‘Black Box’ of Fire Behavior\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over such long distances, it’s well nigh impossible to predict with any precision where a firebrand might land, and even less possible to predict the behavior of every item spinning in a plume of smoke that can cause a spot fire — from a branch to a pine needle to a tiny spark.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Fire prediction models don’t have anything for spotting,” Clements said. “That’s why a lot of them get these big, wind-driven fires wrong, because they can’t handle the spotting.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950399\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1950399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists with SJSU’s Fire Weather Research Lab are collecting information on all the items spinning inside that huge smoke plume that could cause fire spots. They set up Saturday night in Knights Valley, near state Route 128. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Craig Clements/SJSU Fire Weather Research Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clements and his research team now have a brand new tool they’re using to examine this problem, a tool that allows them to gather information fire meteorologists didn’t have before.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is the only mobile radar in the Western U.S.,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That is, the only mobile radar with the precision to do research. It’s a huge white dome mounted on the back of a pickup truck, and Clements is using it peer inside fire plumes. He shoots radio waves into the plume, and the information that bounces back can tell him the size and speed of what’s blowing around. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We don’t know what’s inside them,” Clements said. “We don’t know how big the particles [are]. We know on the ground what these firebrands look like; they look like needles, leaves — but there’s also ash. It looks like big snowflakes of ash falling.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fire meteorologists call this kinematics — all the winds inside the smoke plume, and the size and speed and direction of the particles blowing about. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clements hopes this kind of information will eventually help him and other fire analysts learn more about where fires might spot. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meteorologists expect a lull in the winds from midday Monday until late Tuesday. After that they predict another strong surge in offshore winds.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As extreme winds bore down on the Kincade Fire over the weekend, fire meteorologists worked to understand as much as they could about where burning branches or sparks would land and ignite new fires. It's the hardest thing to predict about fire behavior.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Yet it was one of the most important questions facing Sonoma County officials over the weekend, given the extraordinary winds meteorologists predicted would bear down on the Kincade Fire. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is extreme wind,” said Craig Clements, director of San José State University’s Fire Weather Research Laboratory. “Very strong, and the fire behavior was very extreme.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clements and his team were up near Healdsburg Sunday morning, after a night when winds hit the fire at speeds above 75 miles per hour.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We were observing flame heights of hundreds and hundreds of feet,” he said. “Whole conifer trees torching. Rapid rates of spread. Spotting. It was just phenomenal.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s one reason county officials said they issued evacuation warnings and orders well ahead of the advancing fire; Cal Fire’s models of the fire behavior predicted the Kincade Fire could spot more than a mile from the existing front. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950394\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1950394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2730-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This new mobile radar allows scientists with SJSU’s Fire Weather Research lab to collect information they’ve never had before, to help learn how fires spot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Craig Clements/SJSU Fire Weather Research Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And any new spot fire would have the same rapid rate of spreading as the main fire does, said Steve Volmer, Cal Fire’s chief fire behavior analyst, and the same potential for spotting a mile or more further on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If anything does start on the other side of 101, the west side,” he said Sunday morning, “that area hasn’t seen any fire history since the 1940s. So the fuels in that area are extremely dense. They’re extremely old and decadent. They’re extremely dry.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The ‘Black Box’ of Fire Behavior\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Over such long distances, it’s well nigh impossible to predict with any precision where a firebrand might land, and even less possible to predict the behavior of every item spinning in a plume of smoke that can cause a spot fire — from a branch to a pine needle to a tiny spark.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Fire prediction models don’t have anything for spotting,” Clements said. “That’s why a lot of them get these big, wind-driven fires wrong, because they can’t handle the spotting.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950399\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1950399\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1020x765.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1200x900.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/IMG_2709-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists with SJSU’s Fire Weather Research Lab are collecting information on all the items spinning inside that huge smoke plume that could cause fire spots. They set up Saturday night in Knights Valley, near state Route 128. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Craig Clements/SJSU Fire Weather Research Laboratory)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clements and his research team now have a brand new tool they’re using to examine this problem, a tool that allows them to gather information fire meteorologists didn’t have before.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is the only mobile radar in the Western U.S.,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That is, the only mobile radar with the precision to do research. It’s a huge white dome mounted on the back of a pickup truck, and Clements is using it peer inside fire plumes. He shoots radio waves into the plume, and the information that bounces back can tell him the size and speed of what’s blowing around. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We don’t know what’s inside them,” Clements said. “We don’t know how big the particles [are]. We know on the ground what these firebrands look like; they look like needles, leaves — but there’s also ash. It looks like big snowflakes of ash falling.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fire meteorologists call this kinematics — all the winds inside the smoke plume, and the size and speed and direction of the particles blowing about. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Clements hopes this kind of information will eventually help him and other fire analysts learn more about where fires might spot. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meteorologists expect a lull in the winds from midday Monday until late Tuesday. After that they predict another strong surge in offshore winds.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When I left for work this morning, I grabbed a mask to protect my lungs from the smoky haze hovering over Oakland\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> I’ve worn these over the years while covering wildfires, yet I know they can give me a false sense of security because they’re not foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of us in the Bay Area \u003cem>have\u003c/em> masks. Not enough of us know which kinds work best, or how to wear them for peak efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online or in hardware stores, look for masks marked as either N95 or P100. The designation indicates that the respirator blocks at least 95-99% of particulate matter floating in the air. Those microscopic specks can cause respiratory issues and trigger heart attacks. Do not use dust or surgical masks; they’re not up to the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proper mask, a snug fit around your nose and mouth is really important, because tiny slits can allow smoke to sneak through. Choose a brand that aligns with your facial structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mask is actually kind of uncomfortable if you wear it correctly,” says UCSF pulmonologist Dr. Elizabeth Gibb. “It should leave an indentation on your face when you take it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tighten the straps above and below the ears and make sure they do not cross on the back of your head. Press the metal nose seal tightly against your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The respirator should collapse as you breath in and out and should not let any air in from the sides,” says Karen Riveles, toxicologist for the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1950349 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/GettyImages-1063033788-e1572303052968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1211\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason House attempts to put a respirator mask on his dog Rowland at an evacuee encampment in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health officials do not recommend masks for people with beards or mustaches, because facial hair reduces their effectiveness. Riveles says respirators are also not appropriate for kids, but she adds that using some kind of protection is better than nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you’re outdoors, do not take your mask on and off because polluted air can sneak into the mask’s pocket around your mouth. Finally, replace your mask every few days or as soon as it appears dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you smell smoke, your body is taking a hit. Public health officials say the best precaution is to stay indoors with sealed windows until the air clears. You can check the region’s air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I left for work this morning, I grabbed a mask to protect my lungs from the smoky haze hovering over Oakland\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> I’ve worn these over the years while covering wildfires, yet I know they can give me a false sense of security because they’re not foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of us in the Bay Area \u003cem>have\u003c/em> masks. Not enough of us know which kinds work best, or how to wear them for peak efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online or in hardware stores, look for masks marked as either N95 or P100. The designation indicates that the respirator blocks at least 95-99% of particulate matter floating in the air. Those microscopic specks can cause respiratory issues and trigger heart attacks. Do not use dust or surgical masks; they’re not up to the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proper mask, a snug fit around your nose and mouth is really important, because tiny slits can allow smoke to sneak through. Choose a brand that aligns with your facial structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mask is actually kind of uncomfortable if you wear it correctly,” says UCSF pulmonologist Dr. Elizabeth Gibb. “It should leave an indentation on your face when you take it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tighten the straps above and below the ears and make sure they do not cross on the back of your head. Press the metal nose seal tightly against your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The respirator should collapse as you breath in and out and should not let any air in from the sides,” says Karen Riveles, toxicologist for the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1950349 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/GettyImages-1063033788-e1572303052968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1211\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason House attempts to put a respirator mask on his dog Rowland at an evacuee encampment in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health officials do not recommend masks for people with beards or mustaches, because facial hair reduces their effectiveness. Riveles says respirators are also not appropriate for kids, but she adds that using some kind of protection is better than nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you’re outdoors, do not take your mask on and off because polluted air can sneak into the mask’s pocket around your mouth. Finally, replace your mask every few days or as soon as it appears dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you smell smoke, your body is taking a hit. Public health officials say the best precaution is to stay indoors with sealed windows until the air clears. You can check the region’s air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This map is updated continuously.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is the Sonoma County incident map of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kincade Fire\u003c/a>. The red areas with white spots indicate increased levels of what’s called fire radiative power, detected by NASA satellites; they do not necessarily show acreage that the fire has burned. The map also includes the fire perimeter, evacuation zones, road closures, emergency shelters, PG&E outage areas and other local information. Click on the menu bar in the top right area to see all of the information options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[IFrameFullWidth src='https://sonomacounty.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=2cb4401e1fc0494dbf9d9e22aa794617']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This map is updated continuously.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below is the Sonoma County incident map of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kincade Fire\u003c/a>. The red areas with white spots indicate increased levels of what’s called fire radiative power, detected by NASA satellites; they do not necessarily show acreage that the fire has burned. The map also includes the fire perimeter, evacuation zones, road closures, emergency shelters, PG&E outage areas and other local information. Click on the menu bar in the top right area to see all of the information options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Tuesday, 10:50 a.m.:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows orange levels today throughout San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality deteriorates to red, or “unhealthy” levels in Richmond, Vallejo, and the North Bay up through Novato. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Cotati and closer to the Kincade Fire, the air quality continues to deteriorate to “hazardous” levels. In these conditions, health officials encourage people to avoid all outdoor activity and warn that the anyone’s health can be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Monday, 9:55 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The air over Berkeley smells like an ashtray this morning, as winds died off and stopped pushing smoke out of the region. The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows red, “unhealthy” levels of ash and soot throughout Berkeley and north past Richmond and San Pablo all the way to the Carquinez Bridge. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. Health officials recommend staying indoors with windows and doors closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Carquinez Bridge, air quality drops into the “very unhealthy” and “hazardous” levels. When the air is “very unhealthy,” officials say everyone, especially children, should limit outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid \u003cem>all\u003c/em> outdoor exertion. “Hazardous” levels of soot and ash create a healthy emergency for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In much of Oakland, Purple Air sensors show air quality in the orange, meaning it’s unhealthy for sensitive people. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor activity. Scattered parts of East Oakland are showing slightly better air quality, at yellow levels. However, to know where these areas are, you’d need to check the Purple Air \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#11.74/37.8201/-122.3184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a>. The Bay Area Air Quality management district’s sensor at Laney College is showing yellow levels of particulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purple Air sensors in much of San Francisco are showing yellow levels, meaning people with particularly sensitive respiratory systems should consider limiting outdoor activity. In downtown San Francisco, however, sensors are showing slightly worse air quality, with orange levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Sunday, 10:50 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>A \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.mapcenter&mapcenter=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map loop\u003c/a> on the government website Air Now shows the overnight story — yellow and orange followed by red and purple. That is, air quality that’s moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups deteriorating into very unhealthy air as smoke from the Kincade Fire moves in on strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Area air quality officials say those same winds, though, are already turning things around by moving smoke out of the region. \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data/#/aqi?id=316&date=2019-10-27&view=hourly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current readings\u003c/a> for tiny particulate matter, the dusty smoke and feathery ash that cause the most health problems, are “good” to “moderate.” Moderate means very sensitive people should consider limiting outdoor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in the eastern part of California, though, is poor. In Davis and Sacramento, air quality is “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” and people are advised to stay indoors and limit outdoor activity. In Fresno and Modesto, air quality is in the most dangerous “hazardous” category, which can affect everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows a wide range of air quality conditions across the Bay Area, from “good” to “unhealthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Saturday, 10 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em> An interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> indicates “moderate” to “unhealthy” conditions over a large swath of the Bay Area. The least healthy air readings, visible as orange on the map, are near the origin of the fire – Healdsburg and Cloverdale in Sonoma County, where people with respiratory issues along with active adults and children should limit their exertion outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the northern, central and eastern Bay Area, air quality conditions are “moderate.” That reading means people with unusual sensitivity to air quality should limit their outdoor activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps are based on reports of fine, often microscopic, particulates in the air – the ash, soot and other materials in the smoke from the Kincade Fire that’s spreading as far south as Santa Clara County. Prolonged exposure to these particles can damage the heart and lungs. so it’s important to avoid breathing outdoor air as much as possible. Here’s some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">information\u003c/a> about ways to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 12:05 p.m.\u003c/strong>:\u003c/em>\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Moderate” air quality conditions spread through the Bay Area Friday morning. As of 11 a.m., the current recommendation from air quality officials is that “unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a San Francisco press conference Friday morning, Jarrett Claiborne, an air quality meteorologist with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), said air quality is expected to deteriorate throughout Friday afternoon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne says Thursday afternoon, winds that were pushing smoke from the Kincade Fire toward the Pacific Ocean relaxed, while winds from the North picked up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So what that means for us is the winds came from the North to the South, and now that plume of smoke is tracking toward the Bay Area as we speak,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne forecasts air quality in the Bay Area will reach levels “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” That appears orange on air quality maps later Friday afternoon and into Saturday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This means active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit their activities outdoors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air quality officials say that while smoke is one concern for Bay Area residents this weekend, compounding that is heat. Temperatures in the high 80s are expected Bay-wide.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Normally when we have air quality issues, we tell people to stay indoors with their windows and doors closed. But that may not be an option for some if heat is an issue in their home,” said Kristine Roselius, spokesperson for BAAQMD.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re recommending people seek out cooling centers or places that have filtered air such as libraries, movie theaters or malls.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roselius says winds forecast for later this weekend are expected to blow fire-related pollution out of the Bay Area. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" rel=\"noopener\">What You Need to Know About Sonoma County’s Kincade Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s air quality map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>“The combination of high temperatures in San Francisco and across the Bay Area and expected wildfire smoke from the Kincade Fire may cause a simultaneous heat and poor air quality event. People should prioritize keeping cool and hydrated when the weather is hot and the air quality is poor.” \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>-The Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 9 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>As of Friday morning at 8:00 am, the Air Quality Index (AQI) for San Francisco shifted from “good” to “moderate.” That means “Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.” Moderate conditions show up in yellow on air quality maps. These are present around Santa Rosa in the North, San Jose in the South and Livermore in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in other Bay Area cities remains “good” as of Friday morning. However, officials say they expect unhealthy conditions to spread throughout Friday and into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSCWSUZOA/status/1187494054998634496\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We will continue to update this post throughout the day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While winds in Sonoma County fell Thursday afternoon, the National Weather Service is warning that extreme winds this weekend could be the most dangerous since the 2017 wine country fires. Officials are expecting winds to kick up Saturday night with gusts up to 45 miles-per-hour along the San Francisco peninsula and Santa Cruz Mountains and 75 miles-per-hour at the tallest mountain peaks in the North Bay and East Bay. They’ve issued a fire weather watch through Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unhealthy Air Moving In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the Kincade fire moved out over the ocean on Thursday, but winds are expected to shift overnight and National Weather Service maps show smoke moving south across the Bay Area throughout the day on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/cV7IlxLskq\">pic.twitter.com/cV7IlxLskq\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1187486067005353984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 24, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has called a Spare the Air alert for Friday and is urging people to stay indoors with doors and windows closed; this alone can cut indoor pollution by half. Officials also advise setting air conditioning to recirculate in order to prevent outdoor air from being pulled indoors. If you’re troubled by the level of smoke in the air, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here are\u003c/a> other steps you can take to protect your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke contains tiny particles in the ash and soot that can lodge in the lungs; the smallest particles can even enter the blood stream. They cause inflammation that can trigger breathing problems, and can damage the lungs, leading to pneumonia or bronchitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kincade Fire Spreads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, CalFire officials said the Kincade Fire has burned 49 buildings and spread to 16,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Latest \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/KincaidFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#KincaidFire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SatMap?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SatMap\u003c/a> 16,000 acres, 5% contained. 49 structures destroyed. No fatalities. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAfire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAfire\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAll evacuation orders and warnings are still in place. This includes Geyserville, which is under an evacuation order.\u003cbr>\nWx Note *Sunday will be very bad with winds up to 80 mph \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/uGdh1bguye\">pic.twitter.com/uGdh1bguye\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE NEWS (@CalFireNews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CalFireNews/status/1187566326304231426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 25, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Tuesday, 10:50 a.m.:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows orange levels today throughout San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality deteriorates to red, or “unhealthy” levels in Richmond, Vallejo, and the North Bay up through Novato. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Cotati and closer to the Kincade Fire, the air quality continues to deteriorate to “hazardous” levels. In these conditions, health officials encourage people to avoid all outdoor activity and warn that the anyone’s health can be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Monday, 9:55 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The air over Berkeley smells like an ashtray this morning, as winds died off and stopped pushing smoke out of the region. The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows red, “unhealthy” levels of ash and soot throughout Berkeley and north past Richmond and San Pablo all the way to the Carquinez Bridge. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. Health officials recommend staying indoors with windows and doors closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Carquinez Bridge, air quality drops into the “very unhealthy” and “hazardous” levels. When the air is “very unhealthy,” officials say everyone, especially children, should limit outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid \u003cem>all\u003c/em> outdoor exertion. “Hazardous” levels of soot and ash create a healthy emergency for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In much of Oakland, Purple Air sensors show air quality in the orange, meaning it’s unhealthy for sensitive people. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor activity. Scattered parts of East Oakland are showing slightly better air quality, at yellow levels. However, to know where these areas are, you’d need to check the Purple Air \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#11.74/37.8201/-122.3184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a>. The Bay Area Air Quality management district’s sensor at Laney College is showing yellow levels of particulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purple Air sensors in much of San Francisco are showing yellow levels, meaning people with particularly sensitive respiratory systems should consider limiting outdoor activity. In downtown San Francisco, however, sensors are showing slightly worse air quality, with orange levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Sunday, 10:50 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>A \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.mapcenter&mapcenter=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map loop\u003c/a> on the government website Air Now shows the overnight story — yellow and orange followed by red and purple. That is, air quality that’s moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups deteriorating into very unhealthy air as smoke from the Kincade Fire moves in on strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Area air quality officials say those same winds, though, are already turning things around by moving smoke out of the region. \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data/#/aqi?id=316&date=2019-10-27&view=hourly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current readings\u003c/a> for tiny particulate matter, the dusty smoke and feathery ash that cause the most health problems, are “good” to “moderate.” Moderate means very sensitive people should consider limiting outdoor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in the eastern part of California, though, is poor. In Davis and Sacramento, air quality is “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” and people are advised to stay indoors and limit outdoor activity. In Fresno and Modesto, air quality is in the most dangerous “hazardous” category, which can affect everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows a wide range of air quality conditions across the Bay Area, from “good” to “unhealthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Saturday, 10 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em> An interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> indicates “moderate” to “unhealthy” conditions over a large swath of the Bay Area. The least healthy air readings, visible as orange on the map, are near the origin of the fire – Healdsburg and Cloverdale in Sonoma County, where people with respiratory issues along with active adults and children should limit their exertion outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the northern, central and eastern Bay Area, air quality conditions are “moderate.” That reading means people with unusual sensitivity to air quality should limit their outdoor activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps are based on reports of fine, often microscopic, particulates in the air – the ash, soot and other materials in the smoke from the Kincade Fire that’s spreading as far south as Santa Clara County. Prolonged exposure to these particles can damage the heart and lungs. so it’s important to avoid breathing outdoor air as much as possible. Here’s some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">information\u003c/a> about ways to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 12:05 p.m.\u003c/strong>:\u003c/em>\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Moderate” air quality conditions spread through the Bay Area Friday morning. As of 11 a.m., the current recommendation from air quality officials is that “unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a San Francisco press conference Friday morning, Jarrett Claiborne, an air quality meteorologist with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), said air quality is expected to deteriorate throughout Friday afternoon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne says Thursday afternoon, winds that were pushing smoke from the Kincade Fire toward the Pacific Ocean relaxed, while winds from the North picked up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So what that means for us is the winds came from the North to the South, and now that plume of smoke is tracking toward the Bay Area as we speak,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne forecasts air quality in the Bay Area will reach levels “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” That appears orange on air quality maps later Friday afternoon and into Saturday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This means active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit their activities outdoors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air quality officials say that while smoke is one concern for Bay Area residents this weekend, compounding that is heat. Temperatures in the high 80s are expected Bay-wide.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Normally when we have air quality issues, we tell people to stay indoors with their windows and doors closed. But that may not be an option for some if heat is an issue in their home,” said Kristine Roselius, spokesperson for BAAQMD.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re recommending people seek out cooling centers or places that have filtered air such as libraries, movie theaters or malls.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roselius says winds forecast for later this weekend are expected to blow fire-related pollution out of the Bay Area. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" rel=\"noopener\">What You Need to Know About Sonoma County’s Kincade Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s air quality map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>“The combination of high temperatures in San Francisco and across the Bay Area and expected wildfire smoke from the Kincade Fire may cause a simultaneous heat and poor air quality event. People should prioritize keeping cool and hydrated when the weather is hot and the air quality is poor.” \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>-The Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 9 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>As of Friday morning at 8:00 am, the Air Quality Index (AQI) for San Francisco shifted from “good” to “moderate.” That means “Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.” Moderate conditions show up in yellow on air quality maps. These are present around Santa Rosa in the North, San Jose in the South and Livermore in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in other Bay Area cities remains “good” as of Friday morning. However, officials say they expect unhealthy conditions to spread throughout Friday and into the weekend.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We will continue to update this post throughout the day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While winds in Sonoma County fell Thursday afternoon, the National Weather Service is warning that extreme winds this weekend could be the most dangerous since the 2017 wine country fires. Officials are expecting winds to kick up Saturday night with gusts up to 45 miles-per-hour along the San Francisco peninsula and Santa Cruz Mountains and 75 miles-per-hour at the tallest mountain peaks in the North Bay and East Bay. They’ve issued a fire weather watch through Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unhealthy Air Moving In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the Kincade fire moved out over the ocean on Thursday, but winds are expected to shift overnight and National Weather Service maps show smoke moving south across the Bay Area throughout the day on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/cV7IlxLskq\">pic.twitter.com/cV7IlxLskq\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1187486067005353984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 24, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has called a Spare the Air alert for Friday and is urging people to stay indoors with doors and windows closed; this alone can cut indoor pollution by half. Officials also advise setting air conditioning to recirculate in order to prevent outdoor air from being pulled indoors. If you’re troubled by the level of smoke in the air, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here are\u003c/a> other steps you can take to protect your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke contains tiny particles in the ash and soot that can lodge in the lungs; the smallest particles can even enter the blood stream. They cause inflammation that can trigger breathing problems, and can damage the lungs, leading to pneumonia or bronchitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kincade Fire Spreads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, CalFire officials said the Kincade Fire has burned 49 buildings and spread to 16,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Latest \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/KincaidFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#KincaidFire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SatMap?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SatMap\u003c/a> 16,000 acres, 5% contained. 49 structures destroyed. No fatalities. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAfire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAfire\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAll evacuation orders and warnings are still in place. This includes Geyserville, which is under an evacuation order.\u003cbr>\nWx Note *Sunday will be very bad with winds up to 80 mph \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/uGdh1bguye\">pic.twitter.com/uGdh1bguye\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE NEWS (@CalFireNews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CalFireNews/status/1187566326304231426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 25, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Wildfires Generate Questions. We've Got Answers to Some of Yours",
"headTitle": "Wildfires Generate Questions. We’ve Got Answers to Some of Yours | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The Kincade Fire is disrupting thousands of lives in northeastern Sonoma County. Wildfires always raise questions about the best ways to deal with their effects. That’s why we’re offering this still-relevant information that came out of the disastrous 2017 fire season. It was first published in July 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living in California has always meant living with wildfire, but in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\">recent years\u003c/a> it has meant living with some of the worst fires in recorded history. Of the top 10 most destructive wildfires in the state, seven occurred within the last four years. In the last two years alone, the fires of Paradise and Wine Country claimed, in combination, more than 100 lives and scorched nearly 200,000 acres of land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At KQED, we’ve been talking to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\">experts\u003c/a> about the ways in which we can protect ourselves in an increasingly uncertain future. We know our Reddit users share these concerns, and decided to have an AMA to address your thoughtful questions. Below are some highlights from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/cbyy98/were_a_team_of_reporters_at_kqed_san_franciscos/\">AMA\u003c/a>, which have been edited and condensed for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science and News Staff:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Kat Snow, KQED Science Senior Editor (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CosmologicalKat\">@CosmologicalKat\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lauren Sommer, KQED Science reporter covering climate change, water, and energy (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Molly Peterson, KQED Science reporter covering climate change, toxics, and wildfires (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious\">@mollydacious\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jeremy Siegel, KQED News reporter and weekend afternoon news anchor/editor covering the Camp Fire (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jersiegel\">@jersiegel\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Danielle Venton, KQED Science editor and reporter covering wildfires, astronomy, and physics (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\">@DanielleVenton\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What should every Californian know as we head into fire season this year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kat Snow: \u003c/em>There’s a lot people can do to reduce the risk their home will burn, but few people seem to know how much these actions can make a difference. People can manage the vegetation around their house, and do small fire-proofing things like installing screens over vents to keep out flying sparks. It’s not that hard to take these actions, but it does mean thinking of fire and making it a priority every year. See Lauren’s reporting about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941685/this-california-neighborhood-was-built-to-survive-a-wildfire-and-it-worked\">vegetation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\">building\u003c/a> for fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Sommer: \u003c/em>Even if we build the most fire-resistant communities we can, there will still be more fires. So Californians should know how to evacuate — what to take and where to go. Jeremy did some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942547/in-the-age-of-the-crazy-fast-fire-a-good-evacuation-plan-may-not-be-enough\">reporting\u003c/a> on why evacuations are a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson: \u003c/em>Disaster and climate change are pointing up tensions, both actively debated and unaddressed, in a range of policies that are everyday, year-round issues for Californians — health, transportation and housing chief among them. Nobody can ignore these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton: \u003c/em>We can do many things to lessen our wildfire risk, but taking action requires us to reconsider how we do things (and maybe give up some personal freedom).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has surprised you the most in your researching and reporting on the wildfire issues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel: \u003c/em>I did a story about what’s next for wildfire evacuation planning in the aftermath of the Camp Fire, and what I found surprising is that everyone I spoke to — from emergency officials to fire experts — didn’t have many clear answers to questions I asked, and they had a lot of questions themselves. This isn’t to say anyone was dodging difficult questions, it’s to say that the Camp Fire raised a lot of good questions for emergency managers. After a disaster, it’s common practice for communities to go back and examine their own emergency procedures and see what can be learned. But what’s different about the Camp Fire is that Paradise was a community that had experience with wildfires and had planned for them. They had plans in place and evacuation procedures they had tested. So now, as communities are re-examining their own plans, the big question is: if Paradise’s plans didn’t work, what will work? No one has an answer yet. But everyone is trying to figure it out. That’s what was surprising, that so many people are asking the same question and so many people don’t have an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson: \u003c/em>I was most surprised by how differently smart engaged people in rural far Northern California see fire risk and fire management issues from smart engaged people in Central-Northern California and Southern California. Maybe more of us live in cities, but people who live in rural and resource areas have strong local knowledge and a connection to risk that deserves a place in the conversation. And this isn’t a left-right thing: this is a rural-urban thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kat Snow: \u003c/em>What surprised me was how many excellent solutions there are in small communities all over the state. It’s not that we don’t know how to do this — how to survive these increasingly unpredictable wildfires; it’s that lawmakers and the public have to actually decide whether to do it, whether to make the changes in how people live and think about fire that would actually make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who right now is doing the best with coming up with good ideas and implementing them regarding California wildfires?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Sommer: \u003c/em>In our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\">Living with Wildfire\u003c/a> series, we covered a town called Rancho Santa Fe near San Diego that’s right in a high risk fire zone. The area has burned before, so they’ve put in some strict rules about how the houses can be built and the types of vegetation in yards. One example: you can’t have cypress or palm trees next to your house because they’re so flammable. And the fire department checks every year. You also can’t park on the street in some neighborhoods since it blocks fire trucks. But since it’s a fairly wealthy community, they can afford to do this stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you think laws and regulations will improve because of the severe damages caused by wildfires?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton: \u003c/em>Disasters generally prompt demand for change. I think we’ll continue to see lawmakers try to chip away at problems. At the state level, there is a bill making its way through the legislature that would require communities to address evacuation routes in their general plan. This was directly inspired by the Camp Fire. In the aftermath of the 2017 fires there were a number of new bills signed into law (things like garage doors have to have backup power sources). At the federal level, there is some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943331/federal-government-wants-to-accelerate-wildfire-protections.\">movement\u003c/a> to fast-track forest management projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shortly after the Camp Fire broke out, Donald Trump criticized California for poor forest management practices, even though the federal government is responsible for most of the forest lands in the state. Can you speak to the efforts lawmakers like Sen. Bill Dodd, Asm. Cecilia Aguiar-Curry and others have made in terms of forest management legislation and how those efforts have ultimately played out since last year? Can you also discuss if the federal government has done anything to step up its responsibility when it comes to forest management practices?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson: \u003c/em>Among fire scientists and land managers, “active management” is a term used to describe forest management practices that include brush removal, prescribed burns, mechanical thinning of vegetation, and tree removal. Tree removal has a legacy connotation in California, dating back to the Timber Wars, when environmentalists and loggers took absolutist positions in a bitter dispute that grew at times violent. But certainly in some communities, such as those I’ve visited in the Sierras and in Trinity County, that conversation has shifted, and community preference is to permit some removal of secondary and tertiary growth trees, not old-growth trees, though there are some who would still advocate for full protection of and exploitation of old growth areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation is still evolving, and it’s hard to say yet whether laws that loosen tree thinning are supported by science. What we do know from a review of fire science is that more research suggests that both prescribed burns and thinning — to different degrees, but notably together — are valuable management tools. So both “raking the forest” and some tree removal aren’t ideas beyond the pale, but they’re definitely tools that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/files/research/projects/WildfireCommonGround.pdf\">scientists\u003c/a> say need to be carefully deployed to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can I do as an individual to help reduce wildfires and recovering areas besides donations? I really want to find a way where I can personally contribute with my own hands, not money — I’m in high school, so I can’t become a firefighter yet. Also, what kind of preparation do you recommend people take to be wildfire ready?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel: \u003c/em>In my reporting, I heard from a number of local officials and fire experts about the importance of community groups that work on fire safety. For many California communities these are called “Firesafe Councils.” These groups tend to get together once a month or so, and they talk about little projects the community can take on to help with fire prevention and fire safety. That includes discussions about evacuation procedures, how people can clear brush from around their homes and what people should have ready in their evacuation “go bags” — things like that. When I spoke with the head of the Firesafe Council in Foresthill (a Sierra Foothill town), he said the most important thing people can do is become informed about wildfire safety themselves (by going to these meetings, for example) and then to spread the word around their community. So if you’re looking for a way to help out, I’d say become a fire safety whiz and talk with other people in your community about what you’ve learned.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The Kincade Fire is disrupting thousands of lives in northeastern Sonoma County. Wildfires always raise questions about the best ways to deal with their effects. That’s why we’re offering this still-relevant information that came out of the disastrous 2017 fire season. It was first published in July 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living in California has always meant living with wildfire, but in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\">recent years\u003c/a> it has meant living with some of the worst fires in recorded history. Of the top 10 most destructive wildfires in the state, seven occurred within the last four years. In the last two years alone, the fires of Paradise and Wine Country claimed, in combination, more than 100 lives and scorched nearly 200,000 acres of land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At KQED, we’ve been talking to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\">experts\u003c/a> about the ways in which we can protect ourselves in an increasingly uncertain future. We know our Reddit users share these concerns, and decided to have an AMA to address your thoughtful questions. Below are some highlights from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/bayarea/comments/cbyy98/were_a_team_of_reporters_at_kqed_san_franciscos/\">AMA\u003c/a>, which have been edited and condensed for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science and News Staff:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Kat Snow, KQED Science Senior Editor (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CosmologicalKat\">@CosmologicalKat\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lauren Sommer, KQED Science reporter covering climate change, water, and energy (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Molly Peterson, KQED Science reporter covering climate change, toxics, and wildfires (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mollydacious\">@mollydacious\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jeremy Siegel, KQED News reporter and weekend afternoon news anchor/editor covering the Camp Fire (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jersiegel\">@jersiegel\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Danielle Venton, KQED Science editor and reporter covering wildfires, astronomy, and physics (Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\">@DanielleVenton\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What should every Californian know as we head into fire season this year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kat Snow: \u003c/em>There’s a lot people can do to reduce the risk their home will burn, but few people seem to know how much these actions can make a difference. People can manage the vegetation around their house, and do small fire-proofing things like installing screens over vents to keep out flying sparks. It’s not that hard to take these actions, but it does mean thinking of fire and making it a priority every year. See Lauren’s reporting about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941685/this-california-neighborhood-was-built-to-survive-a-wildfire-and-it-worked\">vegetation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\">building\u003c/a> for fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Sommer: \u003c/em>Even if we build the most fire-resistant communities we can, there will still be more fires. So Californians should know how to evacuate — what to take and where to go. Jeremy did some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942547/in-the-age-of-the-crazy-fast-fire-a-good-evacuation-plan-may-not-be-enough\">reporting\u003c/a> on why evacuations are a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson: \u003c/em>Disaster and climate change are pointing up tensions, both actively debated and unaddressed, in a range of policies that are everyday, year-round issues for Californians — health, transportation and housing chief among them. Nobody can ignore these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton: \u003c/em>We can do many things to lessen our wildfire risk, but taking action requires us to reconsider how we do things (and maybe give up some personal freedom).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What has surprised you the most in your researching and reporting on the wildfire issues?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel: \u003c/em>I did a story about what’s next for wildfire evacuation planning in the aftermath of the Camp Fire, and what I found surprising is that everyone I spoke to — from emergency officials to fire experts — didn’t have many clear answers to questions I asked, and they had a lot of questions themselves. This isn’t to say anyone was dodging difficult questions, it’s to say that the Camp Fire raised a lot of good questions for emergency managers. After a disaster, it’s common practice for communities to go back and examine their own emergency procedures and see what can be learned. But what’s different about the Camp Fire is that Paradise was a community that had experience with wildfires and had planned for them. They had plans in place and evacuation procedures they had tested. So now, as communities are re-examining their own plans, the big question is: if Paradise’s plans didn’t work, what will work? No one has an answer yet. But everyone is trying to figure it out. That’s what was surprising, that so many people are asking the same question and so many people don’t have an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson: \u003c/em>I was most surprised by how differently smart engaged people in rural far Northern California see fire risk and fire management issues from smart engaged people in Central-Northern California and Southern California. Maybe more of us live in cities, but people who live in rural and resource areas have strong local knowledge and a connection to risk that deserves a place in the conversation. And this isn’t a left-right thing: this is a rural-urban thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kat Snow: \u003c/em>What surprised me was how many excellent solutions there are in small communities all over the state. It’s not that we don’t know how to do this — how to survive these increasingly unpredictable wildfires; it’s that lawmakers and the public have to actually decide whether to do it, whether to make the changes in how people live and think about fire that would actually make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who right now is doing the best with coming up with good ideas and implementing them regarding California wildfires?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren Sommer: \u003c/em>In our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\">Living with Wildfire\u003c/a> series, we covered a town called Rancho Santa Fe near San Diego that’s right in a high risk fire zone. The area has burned before, so they’ve put in some strict rules about how the houses can be built and the types of vegetation in yards. One example: you can’t have cypress or palm trees next to your house because they’re so flammable. And the fire department checks every year. You also can’t park on the street in some neighborhoods since it blocks fire trucks. But since it’s a fairly wealthy community, they can afford to do this stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you think laws and regulations will improve because of the severe damages caused by wildfires?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Danielle Venton: \u003c/em>Disasters generally prompt demand for change. I think we’ll continue to see lawmakers try to chip away at problems. At the state level, there is a bill making its way through the legislature that would require communities to address evacuation routes in their general plan. This was directly inspired by the Camp Fire. In the aftermath of the 2017 fires there were a number of new bills signed into law (things like garage doors have to have backup power sources). At the federal level, there is some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943331/federal-government-wants-to-accelerate-wildfire-protections.\">movement\u003c/a> to fast-track forest management projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shortly after the Camp Fire broke out, Donald Trump criticized California for poor forest management practices, even though the federal government is responsible for most of the forest lands in the state. Can you speak to the efforts lawmakers like Sen. Bill Dodd, Asm. Cecilia Aguiar-Curry and others have made in terms of forest management legislation and how those efforts have ultimately played out since last year? Can you also discuss if the federal government has done anything to step up its responsibility when it comes to forest management practices?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Molly Peterson: \u003c/em>Among fire scientists and land managers, “active management” is a term used to describe forest management practices that include brush removal, prescribed burns, mechanical thinning of vegetation, and tree removal. Tree removal has a legacy connotation in California, dating back to the Timber Wars, when environmentalists and loggers took absolutist positions in a bitter dispute that grew at times violent. But certainly in some communities, such as those I’ve visited in the Sierras and in Trinity County, that conversation has shifted, and community preference is to permit some removal of secondary and tertiary growth trees, not old-growth trees, though there are some who would still advocate for full protection of and exploitation of old growth areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation is still evolving, and it’s hard to say yet whether laws that loosen tree thinning are supported by science. What we do know from a review of fire science is that more research suggests that both prescribed burns and thinning — to different degrees, but notably together — are valuable management tools. So both “raking the forest” and some tree removal aren’t ideas beyond the pale, but they’re definitely tools that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/files/research/projects/WildfireCommonGround.pdf\">scientists\u003c/a> say need to be carefully deployed to be effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can I do as an individual to help reduce wildfires and recovering areas besides donations? I really want to find a way where I can personally contribute with my own hands, not money — I’m in high school, so I can’t become a firefighter yet. Also, what kind of preparation do you recommend people take to be wildfire ready?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel: \u003c/em>In my reporting, I heard from a number of local officials and fire experts about the importance of community groups that work on fire safety. For many California communities these are called “Firesafe Councils.” These groups tend to get together once a month or so, and they talk about little projects the community can take on to help with fire prevention and fire safety. That includes discussions about evacuation procedures, how people can clear brush from around their homes and what people should have ready in their evacuation “go bags” — things like that. When I spoke with the head of the Firesafe Council in Foresthill (a Sierra Foothill town), he said the most important thing people can do is become informed about wildfire safety themselves (by going to these meetings, for example) and then to spread the word around their community. So if you’re looking for a way to help out, I’d say become a fire safety whiz and talk with other people in your community about what you’ve learned.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For city officials and many residents, a wildfire igniting in the hills is not a matter of “if” but “when.” Berkeley Fire Chief David Brannigan says wildfires hit every three decades or so “and the conditions haven’t changed” since the last big blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills Fire was 30 years ago,” Brannigan said. “We have a heavy, dense dry fuel load that can go off at any time. We have done some measures to reduce the risk but not enough to completely eliminate it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in the Berkeley Hills would endanger 10-15,000 residents, who would be forced to evacuate down century-old roads toward the firefighters’ defense line on Shattuck Avenue. Brannigan says the area is much like Paradise, California when it went up in flames in 2018. Helped by 40-knot winds, the Camp Fire in Paradise burned the equivalent of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/09/us/california-wildfires-superlatives-wcx/index.html\">football field every second\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Berkeley Vice Mayor Susan Wengraf is taking the unprecedented step of asking the city to prioritize wildfire prevention and safety. Her resolution, which passed the city council Tuesday night without discussion, will ensure the issue is reflected in city planning and “hopefully influence funding priorities in the future,” Wengraf said, “to clear dead vegetation, improve the safety of our pathways, and launch the Safe Passages program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A wildfire was always thought of as a ‘Hills problem,’ but it’s everybody’s problem,” Wengraf said. “If they lose their homes, where are they going to go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of studies on the hills’ wildfire danger, the issues the city faces aren’t just known, they’re blatantly apparent. The area’s vegetation is like kindling when dried out and there’s lots of it. It needs to be cleared completely, but Brannigan says there hasn’t been enough funding for upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the danger in the hills are its curvy, narrow roads. They’re difficult to navigate, especially for today’s emergency vehicles. Also, on many sections of road, a parked vehicle jutting out into the road could prevent an ambulance from reaching its destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”Our emergency vehicles have difficulty accessing areas on a daily basis,” said Brannigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the studies came plans to address the issues in the hills; some are already in place. This fall the city starts its Safe Passages Program, which creates new fire lanes on blocks identified as being problematic for emergency vehicles. The program will prohibit cars from parking there, ensuring there’s enough space for an ambulance or fire truck to pass through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wengraf expects resistance to the expansion of no parking zones in the area. Despite the program proceeding slowly on just three streets (Alvarado, Bridge, and Vicente roads) and assurances that the program would maintain “\u003ca href=\"https://www.loridroste.com/october_4_2019\">some parking for the neighborhoods\u003c/a>,” residents are already warning Wengraf that they plan to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One woman on Tamalpais told me she’d lay down in the street and block our trucks,” said Wengraf. “Some people think they own the street in front of their houses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another battle is brewing over the plans to clear vegetation. Last month, the Claremont Canyon Conservancy published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.claremontcanyon.org/fuel-management-proposal\">wildfire fuel management plan\u003c/a> for the University of California, Berkeley. The school received funding to make its campus and the surrounding area safe in the event there’s a wildfire so the conservancy commissioned a plan from \u003ca href=\"https://ced.berkeley.edu/ced/faculty-staff/joe-mcbride\">Joe McBride\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of landscape architecture and environmental planning. McBride’s been studying the fuel management in the Berkeley Hills since the early ‘70s and has written four reports on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fuel management is a high priority for the area,” said McBride. “Past fires like the 1923 Berkeley Fire started in wildland vegetation and burned into the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of McBride’s recommendations in his new plan is to replace the area’s eucalyptus trees and conifers with native vegetation and grass. McBride says trees release more energy during fires than grasses and tree fires are harder for firefighters to control — a claim Brannigan supports. The trees can also fall on roads and block evacuation routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the Oakland Hills fire in 1991, people died because one-way roads were blocked by trees,” said McBride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this plan also reignites the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-great-eucalyptus-debate/509069/\">Great Eucalyptus Debate\u003c/a>,” a battle that’s been going on for over a decade between the Claremont Canyon Conservancy and Hills Conservation Network, a collection of local residents who want to keep the trees. Network representative Dan Grassetti said McBride’s new proposal offers “no wildfire risk mitigation benefit” and “is yet another attempt by a small group of native plant fanatics to attempt to influence the University to do their bidding.” Grassetti said the network would be willing to fight this new plan in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassetti, the president and CEO of the tech company \u003ca href=\"https://www.neutrinoblackbox.com/about-us\">Arboreal Systems\u003c/a>, defers to FEMA officials on fuel management. They agree that the tree canopy is good for the area, providing shade and other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in better shape than Paradise because we have these forests. It’s wetter. The tall trees catch the fog and they drip water on the floor. That’s inherently safer than not having the overstory,” said Grassetti. “But if CCC gets its way, it will be more like Paradise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brannigan also agrees with the need to keep a tree canopy. His concern is ladder fuels, which are debris on the ground that could send fires up into the trees. He advocates for funding more inspections and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People talk about species but we’re looking at our fire code and that’s about maintaining them,” said Brannigan. “Good maintenance of existing trees will go a long way to prevent the spread of a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that everyone who spoke to Berkeleyside agrees on is that responsibility ultimately falls on the shoulders of residents. While these issues are hashed out, Wengraf, Brannigan and others feel the best plan for residents to stay safe in a wildfire is to be proactive and stay out of the area when fire conditions are at their worst. Residents shouldn’t wait for evacuation orders to leave because by then, it could be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the fire department is going to help you during a wildfire is a myth,” said Wengraf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the original post from Berkeleyside \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/10/17/the-berkeley-hills-are-kindling-city-takes-steps-to-tackle-wildfire-dangers-safety-issues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For city officials and many residents, a wildfire igniting in the hills is not a matter of “if” but “when.” Berkeley Fire Chief David Brannigan says wildfires hit every three decades or so “and the conditions haven’t changed” since the last big blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills Fire was 30 years ago,” Brannigan said. “We have a heavy, dense dry fuel load that can go off at any time. We have done some measures to reduce the risk but not enough to completely eliminate it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in the Berkeley Hills would endanger 10-15,000 residents, who would be forced to evacuate down century-old roads toward the firefighters’ defense line on Shattuck Avenue. Brannigan says the area is much like Paradise, California when it went up in flames in 2018. Helped by 40-knot winds, the Camp Fire in Paradise burned the equivalent of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/09/us/california-wildfires-superlatives-wcx/index.html\">football field every second\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Berkeley Vice Mayor Susan Wengraf is taking the unprecedented step of asking the city to prioritize wildfire prevention and safety. Her resolution, which passed the city council Tuesday night without discussion, will ensure the issue is reflected in city planning and “hopefully influence funding priorities in the future,” Wengraf said, “to clear dead vegetation, improve the safety of our pathways, and launch the Safe Passages program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A wildfire was always thought of as a ‘Hills problem,’ but it’s everybody’s problem,” Wengraf said. “If they lose their homes, where are they going to go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of studies on the hills’ wildfire danger, the issues the city faces aren’t just known, they’re blatantly apparent. The area’s vegetation is like kindling when dried out and there’s lots of it. It needs to be cleared completely, but Brannigan says there hasn’t been enough funding for upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the danger in the hills are its curvy, narrow roads. They’re difficult to navigate, especially for today’s emergency vehicles. Also, on many sections of road, a parked vehicle jutting out into the road could prevent an ambulance from reaching its destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”Our emergency vehicles have difficulty accessing areas on a daily basis,” said Brannigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the studies came plans to address the issues in the hills; some are already in place. This fall the city starts its Safe Passages Program, which creates new fire lanes on blocks identified as being problematic for emergency vehicles. The program will prohibit cars from parking there, ensuring there’s enough space for an ambulance or fire truck to pass through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wengraf expects resistance to the expansion of no parking zones in the area. Despite the program proceeding slowly on just three streets (Alvarado, Bridge, and Vicente roads) and assurances that the program would maintain “\u003ca href=\"https://www.loridroste.com/october_4_2019\">some parking for the neighborhoods\u003c/a>,” residents are already warning Wengraf that they plan to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One woman on Tamalpais told me she’d lay down in the street and block our trucks,” said Wengraf. “Some people think they own the street in front of their houses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another battle is brewing over the plans to clear vegetation. Last month, the Claremont Canyon Conservancy published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.claremontcanyon.org/fuel-management-proposal\">wildfire fuel management plan\u003c/a> for the University of California, Berkeley. The school received funding to make its campus and the surrounding area safe in the event there’s a wildfire so the conservancy commissioned a plan from \u003ca href=\"https://ced.berkeley.edu/ced/faculty-staff/joe-mcbride\">Joe McBride\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of landscape architecture and environmental planning. McBride’s been studying the fuel management in the Berkeley Hills since the early ‘70s and has written four reports on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fuel management is a high priority for the area,” said McBride. “Past fires like the 1923 Berkeley Fire started in wildland vegetation and burned into the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of McBride’s recommendations in his new plan is to replace the area’s eucalyptus trees and conifers with native vegetation and grass. McBride says trees release more energy during fires than grasses and tree fires are harder for firefighters to control — a claim Brannigan supports. The trees can also fall on roads and block evacuation routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the Oakland Hills fire in 1991, people died because one-way roads were blocked by trees,” said McBride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this plan also reignites the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-great-eucalyptus-debate/509069/\">Great Eucalyptus Debate\u003c/a>,” a battle that’s been going on for over a decade between the Claremont Canyon Conservancy and Hills Conservation Network, a collection of local residents who want to keep the trees. Network representative Dan Grassetti said McBride’s new proposal offers “no wildfire risk mitigation benefit” and “is yet another attempt by a small group of native plant fanatics to attempt to influence the University to do their bidding.” Grassetti said the network would be willing to fight this new plan in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassetti, the president and CEO of the tech company \u003ca href=\"https://www.neutrinoblackbox.com/about-us\">Arboreal Systems\u003c/a>, defers to FEMA officials on fuel management. They agree that the tree canopy is good for the area, providing shade and other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in better shape than Paradise because we have these forests. It’s wetter. The tall trees catch the fog and they drip water on the floor. That’s inherently safer than not having the overstory,” said Grassetti. “But if CCC gets its way, it will be more like Paradise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brannigan also agrees with the need to keep a tree canopy. His concern is ladder fuels, which are debris on the ground that could send fires up into the trees. He advocates for funding more inspections and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People talk about species but we’re looking at our fire code and that’s about maintaining them,” said Brannigan. “Good maintenance of existing trees will go a long way to prevent the spread of a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that everyone who spoke to Berkeleyside agrees on is that responsibility ultimately falls on the shoulders of residents. While these issues are hashed out, Wengraf, Brannigan and others feel the best plan for residents to stay safe in a wildfire is to be proactive and stay out of the area when fire conditions are at their worst. Residents shouldn’t wait for evacuation orders to leave because by then, it could be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the fire department is going to help you during a wildfire is a myth,” said Wengraf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the original post from Berkeleyside \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/10/17/the-berkeley-hills-are-kindling-city-takes-steps-to-tackle-wildfire-dangers-safety-issues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Diablo Winds Led to the Power Shutoff. We Have Them Every Fall",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even if PG&E’s response to the Bay Area’s current winds is unprecedented, the winds themselves are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These autumnal “Diablo winds” visit the region roughly 3 to 5 times every year, says James Matthews, a meteorologist with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But not of this magnitude,” he said. The winds have not blown over such widespread an area since the 2017 Wine Country Fires. Matthews says Diablo winds this strong can be expected every 2 to 5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire Danger Is High in Fall \u003c/strong>\u003cb>Months \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the change from summer to fall that triggers the potential for such strong winds. During summer, winds come into California off the ocean, bringing cool, moist air. These are called onshore winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the days shorten, the high pressure that pushes winds inland from the Pacific weakens, and instead, higher pressure cold air moves into the Great Basin. This pushes winds that travel west over land, traveling up and across the Sierra Nevada, and down the other side, right at the time when California is at its driest. These are the dangerous offshore Diablo winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948944\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-768x576.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Dry northeast winds originate from high pressure over the Great Basin. These winds typically occur several times during the fall, but the strength is variable.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(National Weather Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is these downslope winds that can create the conditions for catastrophic blazes. As the heavy, cold air descends, it becomes warmer, drier and faster, gaining speed that can carry an ember hundreds or thousands of feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm, dry winds race down the mountainsides, becoming warmer and drier as they go, skittering through trees and brush that typically haven’t had rainfall for 6 months or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also why autumn is the most dangerous time for fire in California, even if temperatures may be hotter during the summer. All five of the state’s deadliest wildfires were in fall months, as were four of the five most destructive. The fast-moving dry winds of fall create the conditions that can turn a small spark into a grim firestorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "You've heard of the deadly Santa Ana winds in Southern California. The winds Raymond Chandler said 'curl your hair and make your nerves jump and your skin itch.' But did you know we have the same deadly winds in Northern California? ",
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"description": "You've heard of the deadly Santa Ana winds in Southern California. The winds Raymond Chandler said 'curl your hair and make your nerves jump and your skin itch.' But did you know we have the same deadly winds in Northern California? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even if PG&E’s response to the Bay Area’s current winds is unprecedented, the winds themselves are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These autumnal “Diablo winds” visit the region roughly 3 to 5 times every year, says James Matthews, a meteorologist with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But not of this magnitude,” he said. The winds have not blown over such widespread an area since the 2017 Wine Country Fires. Matthews says Diablo winds this strong can be expected every 2 to 5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire Danger Is High in Fall \u003c/strong>\u003cb>Months \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the change from summer to fall that triggers the potential for such strong winds. During summer, winds come into California off the ocean, bringing cool, moist air. These are called onshore winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the days shorten, the high pressure that pushes winds inland from the Pacific weakens, and instead, higher pressure cold air moves into the Great Basin. This pushes winds that travel west over land, traveling up and across the Sierra Nevada, and down the other side, right at the time when California is at its driest. These are the dangerous offshore Diablo winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948944\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948944\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-800x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-800x600.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds-768x576.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/DiabloWinds.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Dry northeast winds originate from high pressure over the Great Basin. These winds typically occur several times during the fall, but the strength is variable.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(National Weather Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is these downslope winds that can create the conditions for catastrophic blazes. As the heavy, cold air descends, it becomes warmer, drier and faster, gaining speed that can carry an ember hundreds or thousands of feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm, dry winds race down the mountainsides, becoming warmer and drier as they go, skittering through trees and brush that typically haven’t had rainfall for 6 months or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also why autumn is the most dangerous time for fire in California, even if temperatures may be hotter during the summer. All five of the state’s deadliest wildfires were in fall months, as were four of the five most destructive. The fast-moving dry winds of fall create the conditions that can turn a small spark into a grim firestorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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