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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">A recent state \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/risk-assessment/report/health-effects-assessment-potential-neurobehavioral-effects-synthetic-food\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of research conducted on products with synthetic food dyes, like Red 40 or Yellow 6, has found they may increase or contribute to hyperactivity in kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists at the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment concluded that levels of the artificial food coloring determined to be safe by the Food and Drug Administration are too high for children. The scientists reviewed 27 human clinical trials, as well as animal and cell studies to shed light on how food dyes impact human health. Some of the studies were published after the FDA completed its review in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It is an excellent, basically landmark summary of the literature,” said Joel Nigg, psychologist and ADHD researcher at Oregon Health & Science University, who published a comprehensive 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4321798/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">review\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of human studies available, and whose work is cited in California’s health hazard assessment. “It’s the first time a comprehensive review of human, animal and lab studies is all put together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">A spokesperson for the FDA said in a statement that the agency will review the final report from OEHHA to determine if any action needs to be taken based on the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The International Association of Color Manufacturers disputes the report’s findings and does not support warning labels. “Parents of children who may be sensitive to food ingredients, including colors, can avoid such foods in consultation with their doctor based on existing ingredient declarations and labeling requirements,” it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://iacmcolor.org/iacm-holding-statement-final-oehha-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">press release\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>A Rainbow Assortment of Colors … and Sensitivity\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes marketed to kids, and\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all children’s food products\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. According to an FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975380/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which estimated the amount of synthetic food dye people consume in an average diet, most American kids are exposed to some chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” said\u003cspan class=\"s4\"> \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/biography/lisa-lefferts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lisa Lefferts\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, \u003c/span>a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “Sometimes children are violent. They have meltdowns. They may even apologize for their behavior and say they can’t help it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5%-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That would equate to tens of thousands of children who may be suffering from the disorder unnecessarily. A small percentage of children without neurological disorders may also be highly sensitive to chemical food dyes, according to Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">Alex Bevans, 15, is in that category, says his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive,” Rebecca Bevans \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">told KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in 2019. “Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.” Bevans, a psychology professor at Western Nevada College, shared her experience in a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s5\">TEDx talk\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s6\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>State and Federal Push for Regulation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Lefferts is lobbying the FDA to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The European Union requires manufacturers to add a label on foods with artificial coloring warning they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, says he will introduce a bill in January that would require products on grocery shelves or in bulk bins to include a similar black and white warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and spirulina extract. A few U.S. companies have followed suit. Kraft now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its macaroni and cheese sauce bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S., because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">policy statement\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Nigg said, “I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>A Rainbow Assortment of Colors … and Sensitivity\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The FDA has approved nine colors for use in processed food and other products like sunscreen, cough syrup and pills. The synthetic additives are made from petroleum and are contained in at least 90% of candies, fruit-flavored snacks, and drink mixes marketed to kids, and\u003ca href=\"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0009922816651621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">40% of all children’s food products\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. According to an FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975380/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">assessment\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which estimated the amount of synthetic food dye people consume in an average diet, most American kids are exposed to some chemical food coloring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“We’ve been contacted by over 2,000 families reporting their experiences with food dyes,” said\u003cspan class=\"s4\"> \u003ca href=\"https://cspinet.org/biography/lisa-lefferts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lisa Lefferts\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, \u003c/span>a senior scientist for the Center for Science in the Public Interest. “Sometimes children are violent. They have meltdowns. They may even apologize for their behavior and say they can’t help it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nigg and colleagues estimate that 5%-10% of kids with ADHD may be sensitive to synthetic food coloring. That would equate to tens of thousands of children who may be suffering from the disorder unnecessarily. A small percentage of children without neurological disorders may also be highly sensitive to chemical food dyes, according to Nigg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">Alex Bevans, 15, is in that category, says his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">“So red … he can’t pay attention and he’s impulsive,” Rebecca Bevans \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949617/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-food-dye-in-holiday-treats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">told KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in 2019. “Green makes him manic. Blue makes him grumpy and tired. Yellow is the worst. He’s explosive and it leads to suicidal ideation.” Bevans, a psychology professor at Western Nevada College, shared her experience in a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQzOHAwCfXs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s5\">TEDx talk\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s6\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>State and Federal Push for Regulation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Lefferts is lobbying the FDA to follow Europe’s example on dyes: The European Union requires manufacturers to add a label on foods with artificial coloring warning they “may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, says he will introduce a bill in January that would require products on grocery shelves or in bulk bins to include a similar black and white warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Most European companies avoid the label by switching to natural dyes like beet juice and spirulina extract. A few U.S. companies have followed suit. Kraft now uses turmeric and paprika to turn its macaroni and cheese sauce bright yellow. But substitutions like these aren’t widespread in the U.S., because natural dyes are more expensive and less stable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The American Academy of Pediatrics said in a 2018\u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/2/e20181408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">policy statement\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that “artificial food colors may be associated with exacerbation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“The AAP has concerns about the limited safety testing available on chemicals intentionally and unintentionally added to foods, including food dyes,” said Dr. Leonardo Trasande, who co-wrote the statement. “There are safe and simple steps families can take to limit children’s exposure to these chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">Nigg said, “I think we’ll be surprised in the future that we were so laissez-faire about adding so many synthetic chemicals and thinking they wouldn’t do anything to children’s brains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The good news, he says, is that the behavioral shifts triggered by the chemicals appear to usually last less than a week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Biden’s Climate Pledge For First Time Pushes U.S. Beyond California Goals",
"headTitle": "Biden’s Climate Pledge For First Time Pushes U.S. Beyond California Goals | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">B\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">anning \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974156/newsom-says-he-will-halt-new-california-fracking-permits-in-2024\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fracking by 2024\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, phasing out all new sales of gas-powered cars \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/09/23/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">by 2035\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and achieving \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/e3_cn_draft_report_aug2020.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">carbon neutrality \u003c/span>\u003c/a>10 years later \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">are just a few of California’s goals making it a leader among U.S. states in tackling climate change. But a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">new pledge\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the White House to halve nationwide greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 from 2005 levels could for the first time leave the state lagging behind the federal government on climate policy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“On paper, the U.S. government is at least temporarily ahead of California,” said \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dan Kammen\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">director of UC Berkeley’s Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s amazing to say, because basically we were always ahead at the state level.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President Biden’s goal could push California to be more ambitious, Kammen says. Which is something the state needs to do, according to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jason Barbose\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Union of Concerned Scientists’ senior policy manager for the Western U.S.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“California has been there to really help spearhead action,” Barbose said. But the state’s “current goals are not keeping up with the rest of the world, and, more importantly, not keeping up with the science [which] tells us that deeper cuts are essential to stave off the worst impacts of climate change.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because California emission targets are based on 1990 levels and Biden’s plan uses 2005 as a base year, Kammen says the U.S. goal is only about 3% more ambitious than the state’s. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kammen believes California already has the capability to go beyond its current targets. His team makes \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2103/2103.07801.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> case\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for an almost 80% drop in emissions by 2030, double the current goal. Existing plans and proposals like a requirement\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to generate \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb100/faqs\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">100% of electricity from clean energy by 2045,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and a bill to create a forest of\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2021/02/22/how-about-wind-california-explores-plan-for-wind-energy-along-coast-to-combat-climate-change/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> wind turbines\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> off the Pacific Coast, could help the state ratchet up reductions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If California can really adopt an 80% clean energy standard by 2030, that really would jump us ahead again,” Kammen said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State Sens. Dave Cortese, D-San Jose, and Henry Stern, D-Los Angeles, have already introduced \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB582\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">legislation \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to establish a minimum 80% decrease as the target for 2030, followed by \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">net negative emissions no later than 2035. The bill calls for the reductions in the name of securing “a safe climate for all.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the inclusion of “all” in climate policy would mean a shift from big climate goals to people-focused adaptation solutions, say some climate experts. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hanacreger?lang=en\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hana Creger\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Greenling Institute’s senior manager for climate equity, says remedies could include ramping up the funding that goes to disadvantaged communities from the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or investing more in programs like the state’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sgc.ca.gov/programs/tcc/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transformative Climate Communities Program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which helps fund community-led climate projects in places like \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2020/12/19/the-vibe-of-it-all-turning-stockton-into-an-oasis-of-joy/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stockton\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Programs focused on teaching people about the climate crisis then empowering them to take action offer a model not only for fighting climate change, but also for building economic opportunity, Creger says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Such programs address “the historic oppression of low-income folks of color” and allow communities “to really chart their own path by choosing their own goals and strategies and projects that will both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollution,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Creger recognizes top-down regulations are needed, she says information gaps exist for residents already surrounded by climate impacts. And big climate goals may not resonate with people dealing with societal and economic woes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have to recognize that every single community has completely different needs,” she said. “We can’t take a prescriptive approach with our climate-equity kind of solutions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These could come in the form of affordable housing projects near transit, planted urban tree canopies, homes outfitted for solar energy, and the creation of green jobs, she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creger is hoping Biden’s desire to address issues of equity as well as the climate crisis will prompt California to invest in all of its residents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It should be much more about how we bring our communities along to a place where folks cannot just react to climate change, but really thrive in the face of it, “ she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">B\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">anning \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974156/newsom-says-he-will-halt-new-california-fracking-permits-in-2024\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fracking by 2024\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, phasing out all new sales of gas-powered cars \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/09/23/governor-newsom-announces-california-will-phase-out-gasoline-powered-cars-drastically-reduce-demand-for-fossil-fuel-in-californias-fight-against-climate-change/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">by 2035\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and achieving \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2020-08/e3_cn_draft_report_aug2020.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">carbon neutrality \u003c/span>\u003c/a>10 years later \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">are just a few of California’s goals making it a leader among U.S. states in tackling climate change. But a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">new pledge\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from the White House to halve nationwide greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 from 2005 levels could for the first time leave the state lagging behind the federal government on climate policy. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“On paper, the U.S. government is at least temporarily ahead of California,” said \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dan Kammen\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">director of UC Berkeley’s Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s amazing to say, because basically we were always ahead at the state level.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President Biden’s goal could push California to be more ambitious, Kammen says. Which is something the state needs to do, according to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jason Barbose\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Union of Concerned Scientists’ senior policy manager for the Western U.S.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“California has been there to really help spearhead action,” Barbose said. But the state’s “current goals are not keeping up with the rest of the world, and, more importantly, not keeping up with the science [which] tells us that deeper cuts are essential to stave off the worst impacts of climate change.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because California emission targets are based on 1990 levels and Biden’s plan uses 2005 as a base year, Kammen says the U.S. goal is only about 3% more ambitious than the state’s. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kammen believes California already has the capability to go beyond its current targets. His team makes \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2103/2103.07801.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> case\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for an almost 80% drop in emissions by 2030, double the current goal. Existing plans and proposals like a requirement\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to generate \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://focus.senate.ca.gov/sb100/faqs\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">100% of electricity from clean energy by 2045,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and a bill to create a forest of\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2021/02/22/how-about-wind-california-explores-plan-for-wind-energy-along-coast-to-combat-climate-change/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> wind turbines\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> off the Pacific Coast, could help the state ratchet up reductions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If California can really adopt an 80% clean energy standard by 2030, that really would jump us ahead again,” Kammen said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">State Sens. Dave Cortese, D-San Jose, and Henry Stern, D-Los Angeles, have already introduced \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB582\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">legislation \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">to establish a minimum 80% decrease as the target for 2030, followed by \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">net negative emissions no later than 2035. The bill calls for the reductions in the name of securing “a safe climate for all.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But the inclusion of “all” in climate policy would mean a shift from big climate goals to people-focused adaptation solutions, say some climate experts. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hanacreger?lang=en\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hana Creger\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Greenling Institute’s senior manager for climate equity, says remedies could include ramping up the funding that goes to disadvantaged communities from the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.caclimateinvestments.ca.gov/about-cci\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or investing more in programs like the state’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sgc.ca.gov/programs/tcc/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Transformative Climate Communities Program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which helps fund community-led climate projects in places like \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2020/12/19/the-vibe-of-it-all-turning-stockton-into-an-oasis-of-joy/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stockton\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Programs focused on teaching people about the climate crisis then empowering them to take action offer a model not only for fighting climate change, but also for building economic opportunity, Creger says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Such programs address “the historic oppression of low-income folks of color” and allow communities “to really chart their own path by choosing their own goals and strategies and projects that will both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and pollution,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Creger recognizes top-down regulations are needed, she says information gaps exist for residents already surrounded by climate impacts. And big climate goals may not resonate with people dealing with societal and economic woes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have to recognize that every single community has completely different needs,” she said. “We can’t take a prescriptive approach with our climate-equity kind of solutions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">These could come in the form of affordable housing projects near transit, planted urban tree canopies, homes outfitted for solar energy, and the creation of green jobs, she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Creger is hoping Biden’s desire to address issues of equity as well as the climate crisis will prompt California to invest in all of its residents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It should be much more about how we bring our communities along to a place where folks cannot just react to climate change, but really thrive in the face of it, “ she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Newsom Says He Will Halt New Fracking Permits, Oil Extraction on His Own",
"headTitle": "Newsom Says He Will Halt New Fracking Permits, Oil Extraction on His Own | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday said California will stop issuing fracking permits by 2024 and halt all oil extraction by 2045, using his authority to take on the state’s powerful oil and gas industry in a year he will likely face voters in a recall election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If successful, California — the seventh-largest oil-producing state in the nation — would become the largest to ban fracking and likely the first in the world to set a deadline for the end of all oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we move to swiftly decarbonize our transportation sector and create a healthier future for our children, I’ve made it clear I don’t see a role for fracking in that future and similarly, believe that California needs to move beyond oil,” Newsom said an a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/04/23/governor-newsom-takes-action-to-phase-out-oil-extraction-in-california/\">news release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was once one of the largest oil-producing states in the nation, with a robust industry centered in the Central Valley just north of Los Angeles. But by 2020, the state’s oil production fell to its lowest level in state history, down 68% from its peak in 1985. Still, the industry employs about 152,000 people and is responsible for $152.3 billion in economic output, according to a 2019 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Curbing in-state production through a well-stimulation ban would not change the fact that Californians demand 1.4 million barrels of oil each day,” said Rock Zierman, CEO of the California Independent Petroleum Association. “Instead of meeting our vast needs with California oil produced under the planet’s strictest regulations, we would economically reward foreign regimes who do not share our environmental standards and human rights values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s most populous state with nearly 40 million residents, California does use a lot of oil. But the state has taken steps to curb its demand. Last year, state regulators approved new rules to force automakers to sell more electric work trucks and delivery vans. And in September, Newsom ordered regulators to ban the sale of all new gas-powered cars in the state by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking — short for hydraulic fracturing, the process of extracting oil and gas embedded in rock deep underground — accounts for a small portion of the state’s oil and gas production each year. But environmental advocates have long sought its banishment because of its harmful effects on the environment and public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Newsom said he did not have the authority to ban fracking on his own and asked the Legislature to do it instead. Two state senators, both Democrats, tried to do it. But last week their bill died in the Legislature because not enough lawmakers supported it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Newsom says he can do it himself, but it’s unclear what changed his mind. California Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot said Friday that Newsom believes the best way to ban fracking is to change the law. But, when it became clear that wouldn’t happen, Crowfoot said Newsom “directed us through our regulatory authorities to protect the environment and public safety to end the practice of fracking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom did temporarily halt new fracking permits in 2019 after he discovered a sharp increase in new permits since he took office, which also prompted him to fire the state’s top oil and gas regulator. That ban lifted in April 2020 after a team of independent scientists reviewed the state’s permitting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since taking office, the Newsom administration has issued 291 fracking permits, according to an analysis of state data by FracTracker Alliance, an environmental advocacy group. That group said in the first three months of this year, permit approvals for all types of oil and gas production wells in California have plunged 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, environmental groups were hoping Newsom would act faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s historic and globally significant that Gov. Newsom has committed California to phase out fossil fuel production and ban fracking, but we don’t have time for studies and delays,” said Kassie Siegel, director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute, in a statement. “Every fracking and drilling permit issued does more damage to our health and climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from Alexandra Nagy, California director of Food and Water Watch, echoed that sentiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it is significant that for the first time Gov. Newsom is acknowledging the need to ban fracking and his authority to do it, this announcement is a half measure as it allows continued drilling and fracking for the next two-and-a-half years. It comes after years of pressure and dedicated organizing by thousands of Californians who want a just transition away from fracking now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration said the state’s rule-making process, while lengthy, is needed to make sure any new rule survives a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want this prohibition to be durable,” Crowfoot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California League of Conservation Voters praised Newsom, saying the announcement “is the consistent leadership our state needs if we stand a chance of preventing major climate catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some in Newsom’s own party were critical, including state Sen. Melissa Hurtado, a Democrat from the Central Valley, who said the fracking ban would lead to higher energy prices that would in turn increase food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor’s actions could not come at a worse time for the Central Valley, which is already reeling from a drought that — together with this decision — may cause a national food crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday said California will stop issuing fracking permits by 2024 and halt all oil extraction by 2045, using his authority to take on the state's powerful oil and gas industry in a year he will likely face voters in a recall election.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday said California will stop issuing fracking permits by 2024 and halt all oil extraction by 2045, using his authority to take on the state’s powerful oil and gas industry in a year he will likely face voters in a recall election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If successful, California — the seventh-largest oil-producing state in the nation — would become the largest to ban fracking and likely the first in the world to set a deadline for the end of all oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we move to swiftly decarbonize our transportation sector and create a healthier future for our children, I’ve made it clear I don’t see a role for fracking in that future and similarly, believe that California needs to move beyond oil,” Newsom said an a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/04/23/governor-newsom-takes-action-to-phase-out-oil-extraction-in-california/\">news release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was once one of the largest oil-producing states in the nation, with a robust industry centered in the Central Valley just north of Los Angeles. But by 2020, the state’s oil production fell to its lowest level in state history, down 68% from its peak in 1985. Still, the industry employs about 152,000 people and is responsible for $152.3 billion in economic output, according to a 2019 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Curbing in-state production through a well-stimulation ban would not change the fact that Californians demand 1.4 million barrels of oil each day,” said Rock Zierman, CEO of the California Independent Petroleum Association. “Instead of meeting our vast needs with California oil produced under the planet’s strictest regulations, we would economically reward foreign regimes who do not share our environmental standards and human rights values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s most populous state with nearly 40 million residents, California does use a lot of oil. But the state has taken steps to curb its demand. Last year, state regulators approved new rules to force automakers to sell more electric work trucks and delivery vans. And in September, Newsom ordered regulators to ban the sale of all new gas-powered cars in the state by 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking — short for hydraulic fracturing, the process of extracting oil and gas embedded in rock deep underground — accounts for a small portion of the state’s oil and gas production each year. But environmental advocates have long sought its banishment because of its harmful effects on the environment and public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Newsom said he did not have the authority to ban fracking on his own and asked the Legislature to do it instead. Two state senators, both Democrats, tried to do it. But last week their bill died in the Legislature because not enough lawmakers supported it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Newsom says he can do it himself, but it’s unclear what changed his mind. California Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot said Friday that Newsom believes the best way to ban fracking is to change the law. But, when it became clear that wouldn’t happen, Crowfoot said Newsom “directed us through our regulatory authorities to protect the environment and public safety to end the practice of fracking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom did temporarily halt new fracking permits in 2019 after he discovered a sharp increase in new permits since he took office, which also prompted him to fire the state’s top oil and gas regulator. That ban lifted in April 2020 after a team of independent scientists reviewed the state’s permitting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since taking office, the Newsom administration has issued 291 fracking permits, according to an analysis of state data by FracTracker Alliance, an environmental advocacy group. That group said in the first three months of this year, permit approvals for all types of oil and gas production wells in California have plunged 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, environmental groups were hoping Newsom would act faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s historic and globally significant that Gov. Newsom has committed California to phase out fossil fuel production and ban fracking, but we don’t have time for studies and delays,” said Kassie Siegel, director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute, in a statement. “Every fracking and drilling permit issued does more damage to our health and climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from Alexandra Nagy, California director of Food and Water Watch, echoed that sentiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While it is significant that for the first time Gov. Newsom is acknowledging the need to ban fracking and his authority to do it, this announcement is a half measure as it allows continued drilling and fracking for the next two-and-a-half years. It comes after years of pressure and dedicated organizing by thousands of Californians who want a just transition away from fracking now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Newsom administration said the state’s rule-making process, while lengthy, is needed to make sure any new rule survives a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want this prohibition to be durable,” Crowfoot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California League of Conservation Voters praised Newsom, saying the announcement “is the consistent leadership our state needs if we stand a chance of preventing major climate catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some in Newsom’s own party were critical, including state Sen. Melissa Hurtado, a Democrat from the Central Valley, who said the fracking ban would lead to higher energy prices that would in turn increase food prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor’s actions could not come at a worse time for the Central Valley, which is already reeling from a drought that — together with this decision — may cause a national food crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Their Own Words: East Palo Alto Residents on the Coming Rise in Sea Level",
"headTitle": "In Their Own Words: East Palo Alto Residents on the Coming Rise in Sea Level | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This series is part of the Pulitzer Center’s nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines reporting initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974232/en-sus-propias-palabras-los-residentes-de-la-ciudad-del-este-de-palo-alto-responden-al-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-que-se-avecina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leer en español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising seas due to climate change will not affect everyone equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the city of East Palo Alto is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particularly vulnerable\u003c/a> to sea level rise: It’s surrounded by water on three sides; it’s low-lying; and it sits beside the southern part of the bay, where tides are highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1973805,science_1973624\"]Critical infrastructure like the Dumbarton Bridge and Highway 101 lie within or next to East Palo Alto, and a rising tide on the city’s shoreline will disrupt life for many in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to those whose homes line the city’s streets, who frequent its neighborhood stores and parks, whose neighbors are family and friends, the prospect of sea level rise is far more frightening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, three residents share their thoughts about protecting the people and places they hold dear as the world continues to warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Filiberto Zaragoza, 18, senior at Menlo-Atherton High School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first heard of climate change, I wasn’t sure how to take it. I was still young and just thinking, “Oh, the world is fine and everything.” But learning about it made me question, what are people really doing to help out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1973715 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-1020x639.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"426\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-1020x639.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-800x501.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-160x100.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-768x481.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1.png 1424w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003c/a>I’ve lived in East Palo Alto all my life. We live right by the bay, surrounded by water. My number one biggest fear is coming back here in the future to see only parts of my city still left, having neighborhoods I’ve been through now underwater or flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I am hopeful for change. I am a core member at Youth United for Community Action, where we fight for housing, environmental justice and restorative justice. I know that in the future, as things might get worse, YUCA will still be here in East Palo Alto protecting the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ulises Barbosa, 34, works in construction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1973718\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-800x1141.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-800x1141.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-1020x1455.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-160x228.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-768x1095.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-1077x1536.jpeg 1077w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-1436x2048.jpeg 1436w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530.jpeg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first heard about climate change, it was bittersweet. I had mixed emotions. I was interested in learning more about the topic, but I also realized that in an unconscious way we were damaging our planet. And that made me feel very sad and powerless, because I didn’t know what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those of us who live here in East Palo Alto are afraid because we know that we’ve already been affected, and that if we don’t get to work, we’ll continue to be affected. We’d like to learn more about climate change. Right now, most of my friends and I have been taking an environmental awareness class, where they talk a lot about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We live along the seashore. Climate change can affect the sea level enough that it could cover much of East Palo Alto, practically covering our homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope it’s not just us, but also the rest of our community, politicians and people around the world who unite to counteract this problem. Meanwhile, we’ll continue to do our part here, bit by bit, every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cristina Becerra, 16, junior at Palo Alto High School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel really sad but hopeful, and a sense of urgency — like we have to do this now. I feel I have to tell as many people as possible about what’s going on and how they can help. I always talk to my dad about how we should go solar, and I really want to plant trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1973716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-1020x680.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\">\u003c/a>My greatest fear is that if nothing is done and the time comes and all these houses flood, a bunch of people have nowhere to go, or have to live with water on the ground. It just won’t be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And having to worry about paying rent and fixing your house, what are they supposed to do? Where are all those people going to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My hope is that some changes are made. Small-scale changes like just East Palo Alto itself, the entire city going solar. That would really motivate other cities: “Oh, look at what they’re doing. We should do that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope East Palo Alto is able to take preventive measures, building levees or just making sure that every home, especially those near the areas usually flooded, is prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This series is part of the Pulitzer Center’s nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines reporting initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974232/en-sus-propias-palabras-los-residentes-de-la-ciudad-del-este-de-palo-alto-responden-al-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-que-se-avecina\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leer en español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising seas due to climate change will not affect everyone equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the city of East Palo Alto is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particularly vulnerable\u003c/a> to sea level rise: It’s surrounded by water on three sides; it’s low-lying; and it sits beside the southern part of the bay, where tides are highest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Critical infrastructure like the Dumbarton Bridge and Highway 101 lie within or next to East Palo Alto, and a rising tide on the city’s shoreline will disrupt life for many in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to those whose homes line the city’s streets, who frequent its neighborhood stores and parks, whose neighbors are family and friends, the prospect of sea level rise is far more frightening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, three residents share their thoughts about protecting the people and places they hold dear as the world continues to warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Filiberto Zaragoza, 18, senior at Menlo-Atherton High School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first heard of climate change, I wasn’t sure how to take it. I was still young and just thinking, “Oh, the world is fine and everything.” But learning about it made me question, what are people really doing to help out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1973715 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-1020x639.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"426\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-1020x639.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-800x501.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-160x100.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1-768x481.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/OwnWordsPhoto1.png 1424w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px\">\u003c/a>I’ve lived in East Palo Alto all my life. We live right by the bay, surrounded by water. My number one biggest fear is coming back here in the future to see only parts of my city still left, having neighborhoods I’ve been through now underwater or flooded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I am hopeful for change. I am a core member at Youth United for Community Action, where we fight for housing, environmental justice and restorative justice. I know that in the future, as things might get worse, YUCA will still be here in East Palo Alto protecting the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ulises Barbosa, 34, works in construction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1973718\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-800x1141.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-800x1141.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-1020x1455.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-160x228.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-768x1095.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-1077x1536.jpeg 1077w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530-1436x2048.jpeg 1436w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Ulises-scaled-e1618344888530.jpeg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first heard about climate change, it was bittersweet. I had mixed emotions. I was interested in learning more about the topic, but I also realized that in an unconscious way we were damaging our planet. And that made me feel very sad and powerless, because I didn’t know what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those of us who live here in East Palo Alto are afraid because we know that we’ve already been affected, and that if we don’t get to work, we’ll continue to be affected. We’d like to learn more about climate change. Right now, most of my friends and I have been taking an environmental awareness class, where they talk a lot about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We live along the seashore. Climate change can affect the sea level enough that it could cover much of East Palo Alto, practically covering our homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope it’s not just us, but also the rest of our community, politicians and people around the world who unite to counteract this problem. Meanwhile, we’ll continue to do our part here, bit by bit, every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cristina Becerra, 16, junior at Palo Alto High School\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel really sad but hopeful, and a sense of urgency — like we have to do this now. I feel I have to tell as many people as possible about what’s going on and how they can help. I always talk to my dad about how we should go solar, and I really want to plant trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1973716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-1020x680.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"417\" height=\"279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/Cristina.jpeg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\">\u003c/a>My greatest fear is that if nothing is done and the time comes and all these houses flood, a bunch of people have nowhere to go, or have to live with water on the ground. It just won’t be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And having to worry about paying rent and fixing your house, what are they supposed to do? Where are all those people going to go?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My hope is that some changes are made. Small-scale changes like just East Palo Alto itself, the entire city going solar. That would really motivate other cities: “Oh, look at what they’re doing. We should do that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope East Palo Alto is able to take preventive measures, building levees or just making sure that every home, especially those near the areas usually flooded, is prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What Can the Bay Area Do About Rising Seas? East Palo Alto Has a Few Great Answers",
"headTitle": "What Can the Bay Area Do About Rising Seas? East Palo Alto Has a Few Great Answers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This series is part of the Pulitzer Center’s nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines reporting initiative\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974191/que-puede-hacer-el-area-de-la-bahia-ante-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-el-este-de-palo-alto-ya-esta-proponiendo-algunas-soluciones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Leer en español\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he first time the streets flooded, Appollonia Grey ‘Uhilamoelangi, known as Mama Dee in her East Palo Alto community, got a little nostalgic. The weather, though severely inclement, at least reminded her of home in Samoa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That time I was very happy,” ‘Uhilamoelangi said, about her first Bay Area deluge. “I was outside swimming in the rain, playing in the rain. There was water everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]According to projections, in 10 years or so up to two-thirds of East Palo Alto may regularly experience flooding, which could trigger cascading crises around the bay. Now, government, business and people have forged a new kind of partnership trying to prepare.[/pullquote]But East Palo Alto, with a population of 30,000, is prone to flooding, and three times over the next 30 years, torrential rains devastated the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last two floods over here, the question is, where was God?’ she said. “Don’t get me wrong. I believe in prayers. But I lived through so many disasters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Now, the bay waters being pushed higher by the effects of climate change pose an existential threat to this small community of mostly people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not hyperbole. East Palo Alto is located between San Francisco and San Jose at the western end of the Dumbarton Bridge. Of all Bay Area counties, San Mateo is the most at risk from sea level rise, and of all places in the county, East Palo Alto is one of the most vulnerable to climate-driven inundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Bay Area 2050 Projected Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move the map. Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=1f92f63dee1840c3b472fc341d98b11d&extent=-122.3564,37.3627,-121.9818,37.6717&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 2.5 square miles of ranch-style homes and citrus trees, the city is bound by water on three sides, the San Francisquito Creek, meandering along the southern edge, the bay lying to the north and east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, half of East Palo Alto sits within a federally \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_amp_economic_development/page/2531/fema_maps_2015_201509011239377956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">designated flood zone\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. According to projections, in 10 years or so up to two-thirds of the land within city limits may regularly experience flooding. By mid-century, those areas could be frequently underwater during high tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1973645,science_1973624\"]The effects of climate change are disproportionately impacting communities of color like those in East Palo Alto. Gentrification and an influx of tech behemoths like Facebook, Google and Amazon has changed the makeup of the city, but it’s still largely non-white, with a population of 66% Latino. Many Pacific Islanders like ‘Uhilamoelangi also live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy rains regularly swell the creek and flood the city’s eastern sections, and an elevated sea level will severely exacerbate the problem, undermining the viability of East Palo Alto’s working-class community, says Derek Ouyang, a program manager and lecturer at the \u003ca href=\"http://bay.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Stanford Future Bay Initiative\u003c/span>\u003c/a> who works with community leaders in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to get to know 100 families in East Palo Alto, maybe 50 out of 100 already are right at that point at which savings are so low that … a flood event … could be that tipping point,” Ouyang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floodwaters \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/02/03/a-flood-next-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">swamped\u003c/span>\u003c/a> more than 1,000 homes here in 1998. In 2012, the creek overtopped its banks, forcing evacuations. The city, working with its neighbors through the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority, reengineered parts of its shoreline to mitigate the risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floodwaters swamped East Palo Alto in 1998. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For some in East Palo Alto, flooding and climate change are threatening their homes a second time. Climate refugees here from the Pacific Islands have already fled rising seas, only to face similar threats in a new country thousands of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many are collaborating with scientists, the city and the joint powers authority to save homes by restoring and creating a new wetland at the bay’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While East Palo Alto’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/finance/page/4321/adopted_fy_2020-21_budget.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">budget\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, at $41.8 million, is 325 times smaller than San Francisco’s, the city is punching well above its weight in terms of planning for a higher tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973849\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973849\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heleine Grewe, 17, and Leia Grewe, her mother. \u003ccite>(Kevin Stark/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yet, it may not be enough. The interconnected nature of both the Bay Area’s ecosystem and infrastructure means that without a regional plan to protect all communities along the bay, East Palo Alto’s best efforts can be undermined, a fact not lost on city leadership and young activists, some of whom are teenagers frustrated they will inherit a city soon to be transformed by the fury of rising oceans and melting ice sheets.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want a plan for the future, because if this happens and there’s going to be flooding everywhere, people should know how to respond,” said Heleine Grewe, a 17-year-old senior at Menlo-Atherton High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grewe’s maternal grandparents emigrated from Tonga, and her dad’s family arrived in a wave of Black Americans who moved to East Palo Alto in the middle of the last century. Many endured \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/history-east-palo-alto#:~:text=East%20Palo%20Alto%20became%20one,in%201983%3A%201%2C782%20to%201%2C767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">blockbusting\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearings_Before_the_United_States_Commis/fUXVAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=East%20Palo%20Alto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">discriminatory housing practices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, decades of bad policy rooted in deliberate racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Leia, is worried the water will come purling through her back door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m thinking back to the places that weren’t ready,” she said. “Let’s talk about Katrina. That could be us in the next couple of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Connecting the Climate Change Dots\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>‘Uhilamoelangi and her husband, Senita, known as Papa Senter, emigrated from Samoa to the United States in the mid-1970s because of the increasing frequency of hurricanes and tsunamis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us islanders … never have a casual conversation [when we] talk about the rain, the flood,” she said. “Anytime there’s a tsunami at home, on any island, all of us connect and emotions rise.”\u003cbr>\nBut it wasn’t until the mid-2010s that she understood the link between those storms and a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had no clue at all about climate change,” ‘Uhilamoelangi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Listen to the Radio Stories\" link1=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/9781a65a-2213-47f8-8203-ad1201221d2f/audio.mp3,Part 1\" link2=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/eceb8c18-f067-4a06-97d7-ad13011a189e/audio.mp3,Part 2\" link3=\"https://traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/0af137ef-751e-4b19-a055-aaef00d2d578/ffca7e9f-6831-41c5-bcaf-aaef00f5a073/bcb8dc0d-d1ed-4496-bb0e-ad1701254f79/audio.mp3,Part 3\"]She connected the dots of flooding in East Palo Alto, severe weather in Samoa and rising seas when she met \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Violet Wulf-Saena\u003c/span> from \u003ca href=\"https://www.acterra.org/climate-resilient-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Climate Resilient Communities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a group dedicated to protecting the Peninsula’s underrepresented residents as the climate crisis grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can ask questions that sound like stupid questions, but I always have an answer from Violet,” said Mama Dee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saena was Samoa’s original climate change officer, creating the country’s first resiliency plan. When she followed her husband to the Bay Area, she saw that the community needed to understand the looming threat. With the help of Stanford students, she went door to door in East Palo Alto, asking people what they knew about the effects of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easier for me, because I’m a person of color and I do come from the island,” she said. “They see that: ‘Oh, yeah, she’s part of us.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973818\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973818 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Resilient Communities Executive Director Violet Wulf-Saena at Cooley Landing Park in East Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Out of those discussions grew community climate groups aimed at educating and involving residents in East Palo Alto’s adaptation plans, as well as helping them with basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People want to take part in “tangible strategies,” \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wulf-Saena\u003c/span> said. “It’s not just the levee. It’s also other things that they can do themselves, like water cisterns or a rain garden system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes the large number of low-income residents who are going to need help. “(T)hey won’t have the means to be able to buy a car if their car is ruined by flooding. So, what programs can we implement that will help everybody?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a philosophy, if adopted by the entire Bay Area, can lead to a more climate-resilient region, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.elizabethallisonphd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Elizabeth Allison\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, who studies the intersection of religion and ecology at the California Institute of Integral Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we need to adopt a sort of comprehensive ethic of care, actually, when we think about climate change,” she said. This would mean keeping in mind the entire planet, including future generations, “as if they mattered to us as much as our neighbors and friends and families do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Care is at the center of the ‘Uhilamoelangis’ organization, \u003ca href=\"https://anamatangi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Anamantangi Polynesian Voices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which focuses on helping underserved new arrivals. Through person-to-person education, the couple have found a calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are full-time volunteers for climate change,” Mama Dee said. “To avoid another disaster … where do we run?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to higher ground, she says. The couple want East Palo Alto to remain diverse in the face of both sea level rise and gentrification, so they are sticking it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Semicircle of Protection\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in East Palo Alto will be protected in part by a new, high levee, separating a portion of the city from the San Francisquito Creek, which is connected to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a 20-year-in-the making project [that] really started in that 1998 flood,” said Mayor Carlos Romero, standing atop the levee overlooking a neighborhood of mostly one-story homes and car-lined streets. “This was inundated. I had friends here who had 4 feet of water in their living room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He fears another flooding event would hit East Palo Alto hard, devastating the city much like Hurricane Katrina did to New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to just lie down here and look over the levee, you could see that some of the rooftops are below that levee,” he said. “Basically, it’s another Ninth Ward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973835\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973835\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Palo Alto Mayor Carlos Romero on the new levee east of East Palo Alto. Homes to the left are the start of the city and to the right is a creek that leads to the bay. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Where this fancy new levee ends, the deteriorating structure it’s replacing picks up, providing “some protection, but not a lot,” said Tess Byler, senior project manager with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, where she oversees a program to help protect the region from sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to have the old levee entirely replaced by 2030. The project has formalized into the Strategy to Advance Flood Protection, Ecosystems and Recreation along San Francisco Bay, less cumbersomely known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/safer-bay-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">SAFER Bay\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed to simultaneously withstand a 100-year flood, high tide, and up to a 3.5 feet rise in sea level, this system of earthen and engineered systems, including marshes and levees, will stretch along the shoreline from the Redwood City-Menlo Park border in the north to the Palo Alto-Mountain View line in the south. Altogether, the system will have to contain a projected additional 10 feet to the current mean high-water mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is split into nine portions, with phase one encompassing East Palo Alto and Menlo Park. Completion of the initial section, scheduled for 2024, will defend nearly 1,600 properties, mostly East Palo Alto homes, along marshes managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. In Menlo Park, the plan calls for restoring more than 550 acres of former salt ponds to marsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To enclose the circle of protection around this chunk of the bay will demand cooperation and dollars from private and government landowners as diverse as Caltrans, Facebook, and various utilities and municipalities, says Byler. Special-status wildlife must also be considered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just these invisible threads that we have to account for — things that we don’t see — the sanitary sewer alignment —and the electrical towers, which we can,” she said. “And then making sure that we’re being protective of the current high value marsh that is home to many wonderful species of birds and animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much has yet to be decided, Byler says, including figuring out who is going to build the levees and how to clean up arsenic contamination left in the soil from an old hazardous waste plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she has confidence in the project, not only due to widespread community buy-in, but because the various entities appear to be working together, albeit not at the same pace. She says matching state money may add to the financing, which is almost complete.\u003cbr>\n“We have the funding for East Palo Alto, so that will be our initial focus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The levee system is just one bite-size solution, though. Protecting critical infrastructure like Highway 101 will take a regional approach that includes every county in the Bay Area, says \u003ca href=\"https://oneshoreline.org/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Len Materman\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, CEO of the San Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not there yet, by all nine counties,” he said. “The sooner that everybody’s on board, the better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cascading Effects\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason local stakeholders tend to expand the conversation to the entire Bay Area when they talk about solutions is that what happens in East Palo Alto doesn’t stay in East Alto, at least when it comes to the effects of climate change. A catastrophe here will ripple through the region to affect millions of inhabitants in dozens of cities bordering those on the shoreline most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grewes’ at-risk rent home, for instance, is roughly the same distance above sea level as the off-ramps to and from the Dumbarton Bridge. A deluged bridge could mean shutting down one of the major arteries connecting the East and South Bay, throwing the region’s already overburdened transportation system into disarray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KTNaQmeCxY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same type of snowballing effects holds true for water and fuel distribution, communications systems and electricity, said Mark Stacey, an environmental engineer at UC Berkeley. The Bay Area is one interconnected ecosystem, he says, and every seawall, every dredge, every change to the bay’s edge has an impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In East Palo Alto, flooding could trigger cascading crises across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we transform our shorelines or as our shorelines are transformed for us by sea level rise, the tidal dynamics in the bay are themselves altered,” Stacey said. “Local changes in the shoreline can have regional effects on high water levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As tides constantly pulse into San Francisco Bay, the largest estuary along the West Coast, they sometimes dissipate gently across wetlands, and at other times raise the water level when pushing off seawalls along the shore, Stacey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As different communities harden their shorelines against the water’s rise, future tides will slam against these seawalls, amplifying their power elsewhere along the bay and creating a feedback loop that will force the water several inches higher. This will impact millions of Bay Area residents. The southern part of the bay where East Palo Alto is located is most vulnerable to this amplification effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973862\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dumbarton Bridge near East Palo Alto’s shoreline. \u003ccite>(JJ Harris - Techboogie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jessica Fain, planning director for the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, says East Palo Alto is a “sweet spot” where the Bay Area has the opportunity to address in one place many of the overlapping challenges related to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All lines point to here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The premise of the regional strategy that Fain is helping to design, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Bay Adapt\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, is that rising sea levels will affect all aspects of life.\u003cbr>\nThe agency, with no original mandate to take on sea level rise, has had to build a new kind of collaboration between cities, counties, businesses and people. It can use the carrot of grants that include guidance to conform to regional goals. Or it could try to gain a broader mandate to encourage good projects and reject unhelpful ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we’re not quite there yet,” Fain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absent a directive to force cities and counties to coordinate their levees and other solutions, BCDC is working with community groups around the bay to encourage buy-in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the group \u003ca href=\"https://nuestracasa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Nuestra Casa\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in East Palo Alto, program director Julio Garcia runs classes, workshops and focus groups to help give people a seat at the table in the creation of BCDC’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we didn’t have COVID-19, [climate change] is the number one crisis that we are facing,” Garcia said. “As a community of color, people who are workers, it is really important. Because if houses start flooding, where are we going to be moving to?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grewes are both members of the group, where Heleine teaches an environmental justice class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really love it if more surrounding cities would come together and kind of protect our little city,” Leia Grewe said, during a recent meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia’s concern, as well as Heleine’s and Leia’s, is that the expanded marshlands that can protect the homes here could also drive up housing prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll get moved out to like Stockton, Sacramento,” Leia said. “And I hate that, because when you think about East Palo Alto … a lot of our family members can’t come back. We can’t afford the property here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Palo Alto’s youngest City Council member, 27-year-old Antonio López, says he understands the Grewes’ concerns about gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973840\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Palo Alto City Council member Antonio López. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We here, certainly in the city, are fighting for you to stay here and be able to have a voice at the table,” he said. “The levees are just a symbol of us having that fighting chance of staying here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López keeps a photo on his phone of San Francisquito Creek, swollen with rainwater, brown with mud, an inch below spilling over into neighborhood streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the same spot the photo was taken, a green steel levee hugs the gentle turns of the creek — a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/reach-1-downstream-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">section\u003c/span>\u003c/a> completed by the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority in 2019. East Palo Alto, working with the authority, widened the creek channel, rebuilt salt marshes and engineered the levee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Looking at the photo, “I see the anxiety of flood levels, but I also see opportunity and a reminder of where we need to be,” López said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "East Palo Alto, a small, mostly residential city, is punching well above its weight in terms of planning for the effects of accelerated climate change and the risk of rising tides.",
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"description": "East Palo Alto, a small, mostly residential city, is punching well above its weight in terms of planning for the effects of accelerated climate change and the risk of rising tides.",
"title": "What Can the Bay Area Do About Rising Seas? East Palo Alto Has a Few Great Answers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This series is part of the Pulitzer Center’s nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines reporting initiative\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974191/que-puede-hacer-el-area-de-la-bahia-ante-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar-el-este-de-palo-alto-ya-esta-proponiendo-algunas-soluciones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Leer en español\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he first time the streets flooded, Appollonia Grey ‘Uhilamoelangi, known as Mama Dee in her East Palo Alto community, got a little nostalgic. The weather, though severely inclement, at least reminded her of home in Samoa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That time I was very happy,” ‘Uhilamoelangi said, about her first Bay Area deluge. “I was outside swimming in the rain, playing in the rain. There was water everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "According to projections, in 10 years or so up to two-thirds of East Palo Alto may regularly experience flooding, which could trigger cascading crises around the bay. Now, government, business and people have forged a new kind of partnership trying to prepare.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But East Palo Alto, with a population of 30,000, is prone to flooding, and three times over the next 30 years, torrential rains devastated the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last two floods over here, the question is, where was God?’ she said. “Don’t get me wrong. I believe in prayers. But I lived through so many disasters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Now, the bay waters being pushed higher by the effects of climate change pose an existential threat to this small community of mostly people of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not hyperbole. East Palo Alto is located between San Francisco and San Jose at the western end of the Dumbarton Bridge. Of all Bay Area counties, San Mateo is the most at risk from sea level rise, and of all places in the county, East Palo Alto is one of the most vulnerable to climate-driven inundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Bay Area 2050 Projected Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move the map. Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=1f92f63dee1840c3b472fc341d98b11d&extent=-122.3564,37.3627,-121.9818,37.6717&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 2.5 square miles of ranch-style homes and citrus trees, the city is bound by water on three sides, the San Francisquito Creek, meandering along the southern edge, the bay lying to the north and east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, half of East Palo Alto sits within a federally \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_amp_economic_development/page/2531/fema_maps_2015_201509011239377956.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">designated flood zone\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. According to projections, in 10 years or so up to two-thirds of the land within city limits may regularly experience flooding. By mid-century, those areas could be frequently underwater during high tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The effects of climate change are disproportionately impacting communities of color like those in East Palo Alto. Gentrification and an influx of tech behemoths like Facebook, Google and Amazon has changed the makeup of the city, but it’s still largely non-white, with a population of 66% Latino. Many Pacific Islanders like ‘Uhilamoelangi also live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy rains regularly swell the creek and flood the city’s eastern sections, and an elevated sea level will severely exacerbate the problem, undermining the viability of East Palo Alto’s working-class community, says Derek Ouyang, a program manager and lecturer at the \u003ca href=\"http://bay.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Stanford Future Bay Initiative\u003c/span>\u003c/a> who works with community leaders in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to get to know 100 families in East Palo Alto, maybe 50 out of 100 already are right at that point at which savings are so low that … a flood event … could be that tipping point,” Ouyang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Floodwaters \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/2018/02/03/a-flood-next-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">swamped\u003c/span>\u003c/a> more than 1,000 homes here in 1998. In 2012, the creek overtopped its banks, forcing evacuations. The city, working with its neighbors through the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority, reengineered parts of its shoreline to mitigate the risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973972\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/04/East-Palo-Alto-Flood-1998-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Floodwaters swamped East Palo Alto in 1998. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For some in East Palo Alto, flooding and climate change are threatening their homes a second time. Climate refugees here from the Pacific Islands have already fled rising seas, only to face similar threats in a new country thousands of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many are collaborating with scientists, the city and the joint powers authority to save homes by restoring and creating a new wetland at the bay’s edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While East Palo Alto’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/finance/page/4321/adopted_fy_2020-21_budget.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">budget\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, at $41.8 million, is 325 times smaller than San Francisco’s, the city is punching well above its weight in terms of planning for a higher tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973849\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973849\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48667_IMG_2781-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heleine Grewe, 17, and Leia Grewe, her mother. \u003ccite>(Kevin Stark/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yet, it may not be enough. The interconnected nature of both the Bay Area’s ecosystem and infrastructure means that without a regional plan to protect all communities along the bay, East Palo Alto’s best efforts can be undermined, a fact not lost on city leadership and young activists, some of whom are teenagers frustrated they will inherit a city soon to be transformed by the fury of rising oceans and melting ice sheets.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want a plan for the future, because if this happens and there’s going to be flooding everywhere, people should know how to respond,” said Heleine Grewe, a 17-year-old senior at Menlo-Atherton High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grewe’s maternal grandparents emigrated from Tonga, and her dad’s family arrived in a wave of Black Americans who moved to East Palo Alto in the middle of the last century. Many endured \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/history-east-palo-alto#:~:text=East%20Palo%20Alto%20became%20one,in%201983%3A%201%2C782%20to%201%2C767\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">blockbusting\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and other \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hearings_Before_the_United_States_Commis/fUXVAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=East%20Palo%20Alto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">discriminatory housing practices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, decades of bad policy rooted in deliberate racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mom, Leia, is worried the water will come purling through her back door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m thinking back to the places that weren’t ready,” she said. “Let’s talk about Katrina. That could be us in the next couple of years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Connecting the Climate Change Dots\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>‘Uhilamoelangi and her husband, Senita, known as Papa Senter, emigrated from Samoa to the United States in the mid-1970s because of the increasing frequency of hurricanes and tsunamis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of us islanders … never have a casual conversation [when we] talk about the rain, the flood,” she said. “Anytime there’s a tsunami at home, on any island, all of us connect and emotions rise.”\u003cbr>\nBut it wasn’t until the mid-2010s that she understood the link between those storms and a warming world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had no clue at all about climate change,” ‘Uhilamoelangi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She connected the dots of flooding in East Palo Alto, severe weather in Samoa and rising seas when she met \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Violet Wulf-Saena\u003c/span> from \u003ca href=\"https://www.acterra.org/climate-resilient-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Climate Resilient Communities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a group dedicated to protecting the Peninsula’s underrepresented residents as the climate crisis grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can ask questions that sound like stupid questions, but I always have an answer from Violet,” said Mama Dee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saena was Samoa’s original climate change officer, creating the country’s first resiliency plan. When she followed her husband to the Bay Area, she saw that the community needed to understand the looming threat. With the help of Stanford students, she went door to door in East Palo Alto, asking people what they knew about the effects of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s easier for me, because I’m a person of color and I do come from the island,” she said. “They see that: ‘Oh, yeah, she’s part of us.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973818\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973818 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48288_014_EastPaloAlto_SeaLevelRise_03292021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Resilient Communities Executive Director Violet Wulf-Saena at Cooley Landing Park in East Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Out of those discussions grew community climate groups aimed at educating and involving residents in East Palo Alto’s adaptation plans, as well as helping them with basic needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People want to take part in “tangible strategies,” \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wulf-Saena\u003c/span> said. “It’s not just the levee. It’s also other things that they can do themselves, like water cisterns or a rain garden system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes the large number of low-income residents who are going to need help. “(T)hey won’t have the means to be able to buy a car if their car is ruined by flooding. So, what programs can we implement that will help everybody?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a philosophy, if adopted by the entire Bay Area, can lead to a more climate-resilient region, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.elizabethallisonphd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Elizabeth Allison\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, who studies the intersection of religion and ecology at the California Institute of Integral Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we need to adopt a sort of comprehensive ethic of care, actually, when we think about climate change,” she said. This would mean keeping in mind the entire planet, including future generations, “as if they mattered to us as much as our neighbors and friends and families do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Care is at the center of the ‘Uhilamoelangis’ organization, \u003ca href=\"https://anamatangi.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Anamantangi Polynesian Voices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which focuses on helping underserved new arrivals. Through person-to-person education, the couple have found a calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are full-time volunteers for climate change,” Mama Dee said. “To avoid another disaster … where do we run?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to higher ground, she says. The couple want East Palo Alto to remain diverse in the face of both sea level rise and gentrification, so they are sticking it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Semicircle of Protection\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in East Palo Alto will be protected in part by a new, high levee, separating a portion of the city from the San Francisquito Creek, which is connected to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a 20-year-in-the making project [that] really started in that 1998 flood,” said Mayor Carlos Romero, standing atop the levee overlooking a neighborhood of mostly one-story homes and car-lined streets. “This was inundated. I had friends here who had 4 feet of water in their living room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He fears another flooding event would hit East Palo Alto hard, devastating the city much like Hurricane Katrina did to New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you were to just lie down here and look over the levee, you could see that some of the rooftops are below that levee,” he said. “Basically, it’s another Ninth Ward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973835\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973835\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut-1536x1151.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48549_Image-from-iOS-12-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Palo Alto Mayor Carlos Romero on the new levee east of East Palo Alto. Homes to the left are the start of the city and to the right is a creek that leads to the bay. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Where this fancy new levee ends, the deteriorating structure it’s replacing picks up, providing “some protection, but not a lot,” said Tess Byler, senior project manager with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, where she oversees a program to help protect the region from sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to have the old levee entirely replaced by 2030. The project has formalized into the Strategy to Advance Flood Protection, Ecosystems and Recreation along San Francisco Bay, less cumbersomely known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/safer-bay-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">SAFER Bay\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed to simultaneously withstand a 100-year flood, high tide, and up to a 3.5 feet rise in sea level, this system of earthen and engineered systems, including marshes and levees, will stretch along the shoreline from the Redwood City-Menlo Park border in the north to the Palo Alto-Mountain View line in the south. Altogether, the system will have to contain a projected additional 10 feet to the current mean high-water mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is split into nine portions, with phase one encompassing East Palo Alto and Menlo Park. Completion of the initial section, scheduled for 2024, will defend nearly 1,600 properties, mostly East Palo Alto homes, along marshes managed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. In Menlo Park, the plan calls for restoring more than 550 acres of former salt ponds to marsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To enclose the circle of protection around this chunk of the bay will demand cooperation and dollars from private and government landowners as diverse as Caltrans, Facebook, and various utilities and municipalities, says Byler. Special-status wildlife must also be considered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just these invisible threads that we have to account for — things that we don’t see — the sanitary sewer alignment —and the electrical towers, which we can,” she said. “And then making sure that we’re being protective of the current high value marsh that is home to many wonderful species of birds and animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much has yet to be decided, Byler says, including figuring out who is going to build the levees and how to clean up arsenic contamination left in the soil from an old hazardous waste plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she has confidence in the project, not only due to widespread community buy-in, but because the various entities appear to be working together, albeit not at the same pace. She says matching state money may add to the financing, which is almost complete.\u003cbr>\n“We have the funding for East Palo Alto, so that will be our initial focus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The levee system is just one bite-size solution, though. Protecting critical infrastructure like Highway 101 will take a regional approach that includes every county in the Bay Area, says \u003ca href=\"https://oneshoreline.org/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Len Materman\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, CEO of the San Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise Resiliency District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not there yet, by all nine counties,” he said. “The sooner that everybody’s on board, the better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cascading Effects\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason local stakeholders tend to expand the conversation to the entire Bay Area when they talk about solutions is that what happens in East Palo Alto doesn’t stay in East Alto, at least when it comes to the effects of climate change. A catastrophe here will ripple through the region to affect millions of inhabitants in dozens of cities bordering those on the shoreline most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grewes’ at-risk rent home, for instance, is roughly the same distance above sea level as the off-ramps to and from the Dumbarton Bridge. A deluged bridge could mean shutting down one of the major arteries connecting the East and South Bay, throwing the region’s already overburdened transportation system into disarray.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2KTNaQmeCxY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2KTNaQmeCxY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The same type of snowballing effects holds true for water and fuel distribution, communications systems and electricity, said Mark Stacey, an environmental engineer at UC Berkeley. The Bay Area is one interconnected ecosystem, he says, and every seawall, every dredge, every change to the bay’s edge has an impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In East Palo Alto, flooding could trigger cascading crises across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we transform our shorelines or as our shorelines are transformed for us by sea level rise, the tidal dynamics in the bay are themselves altered,” Stacey said. “Local changes in the shoreline can have regional effects on high water levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As tides constantly pulse into San Francisco Bay, the largest estuary along the West Coast, they sometimes dissipate gently across wetlands, and at other times raise the water level when pushing off seawalls along the shore, Stacey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As different communities harden their shorelines against the water’s rise, future tides will slam against these seawalls, amplifying their power elsewhere along the bay and creating a feedback loop that will force the water several inches higher. This will impact millions of Bay Area residents. The southern part of the bay where East Palo Alto is located is most vulnerable to this amplification effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973862\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48685_EPA_image_selects_websize-2.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Dumbarton Bridge near East Palo Alto’s shoreline. \u003ccite>(JJ Harris - Techboogie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jessica Fain, planning director for the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, says East Palo Alto is a “sweet spot” where the Bay Area has the opportunity to address in one place many of the overlapping challenges related to sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All lines point to here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The premise of the regional strategy that Fain is helping to design, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayadapt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Bay Adapt\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, is that rising sea levels will affect all aspects of life.\u003cbr>\nThe agency, with no original mandate to take on sea level rise, has had to build a new kind of collaboration between cities, counties, businesses and people. It can use the carrot of grants that include guidance to conform to regional goals. Or it could try to gain a broader mandate to encourage good projects and reject unhelpful ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we’re not quite there yet,” Fain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absent a directive to force cities and counties to coordinate their levees and other solutions, BCDC is working with community groups around the bay to encourage buy-in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the group \u003ca href=\"https://nuestracasa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Nuestra Casa\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in East Palo Alto, program director Julio Garcia runs classes, workshops and focus groups to help give people a seat at the table in the creation of BCDC’s plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we didn’t have COVID-19, [climate change] is the number one crisis that we are facing,” Garcia said. “As a community of color, people who are workers, it is really important. Because if houses start flooding, where are we going to be moving to?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grewes are both members of the group, where Heleine teaches an environmental justice class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would really love it if more surrounding cities would come together and kind of protect our little city,” Leia Grewe said, during a recent meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia’s concern, as well as Heleine’s and Leia’s, is that the expanded marshlands that can protect the homes here could also drive up housing prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll get moved out to like Stockton, Sacramento,” Leia said. “And I hate that, because when you think about East Palo Alto … a lot of our family members can’t come back. We can’t afford the property here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Palo Alto’s youngest City Council member, 27-year-old Antonio López, says he understands the Grewes’ concerns about gentrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973840\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973840\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48562_Image-from-iOS-30-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Palo Alto City Council member Antonio López. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We here, certainly in the city, are fighting for you to stay here and be able to have a voice at the table,” he said. “The levees are just a symbol of us having that fighting chance of staying here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>López keeps a photo on his phone of San Francisquito Creek, swollen with rainwater, brown with mud, an inch below spilling over into neighborhood streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the same spot the photo was taken, a green steel levee hugs the gentle turns of the creek — a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcjpa.org/reach-1-downstream-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">section\u003c/span>\u003c/a> completed by the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority in 2019. East Palo Alto, working with the authority, widened the creek channel, rebuilt salt marshes and engineered the levee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Looking at the photo, “I see the anxiety of flood levels, but I also see opportunity and a reminder of where we need to be,” López said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This series is part of the Pulitzer Center’s nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines reporting initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974195/mapa-ver-los-lugares-en-riesgo-de-inundacion-por-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leer en español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Bay Area 2050 Projected Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move the map. Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=1f92f63dee1840c3b472fc341d98b11d&extent=-122.3564,37.3627,-121.9818,37.6717&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay’s high tide level is going in one direction: up. Models used in the state’s latest sea level rise \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a>, from 2017, include an upper range defined in terms of statistically less probable events. They show the bay could rise by up to 1.9 feet by the year 2050 and 6.9 feet by the end of the century, which are greater than the levels shown in the two maps on this page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it could get even worse: Cities preparing for future flooding also have to worry about several additional feet of water crashing against their shorelines during a bad storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already during storms, East Palo Alto and other cities along the shoreline experience coastal flooding and erosion, which will only be exacerbated by the coming rise in sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising seas is one of the most certain of the effects of climate change,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley environmental engineer. “We know much of that is already baked in, and we know the seas are going to continue to rise at pace and perhaps accelerate in the coming decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Differences in scientific modeling scenarios before the year 2050 are minor, but they diverge significantly after mid-century depending on the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions, which human beings will determine, and the fate of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Bay Area 2100 Projected Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move different directions on the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=64c2754019244ff7ae2ac93f22843366&extent=-122.3832,37.3647,-121.9633,37.6737&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legendlayers=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These models don’t incorporate a more extreme scenario, in which ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica collapse. If this occurs, the Bay Area could see 10 feet of sea level rise by 2100 — what Stacey calls a “massive acceleration” that’s 30 to 40 times faster than the rate of increase we’ve experienced over the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This goes beyond the scope of what we’ve thought about in planning horizons in terms of the magnitude of change that we’d be facing as a region,” he said, adding that such an increase would require a “complete rethinking of the community surrounding the entire Bay Area, and a move of infrastructure systems that would be pretty profound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s assessment says: “Aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas emissions may substantially reduce but do not eliminate the risk to California of extreme sea-level rise from Antarctic ice loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data Sources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Projections for Bay Area flooding are from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change “representative concentration pathway” 8.5 scenario as detailed in California’s latest sea level rise science \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a>, led by Gary Griggs from UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The scenario assumes “there are no significant global efforts to limit or reduce emissions.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The maps uses a dynamic computer model from \u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Our\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Coast\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Our\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Future\u003c/a>. Flood estimates are approximations. Data are from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Storm Modeling System 9 CoSMoS v2.1; Barnard et al, 2014.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This series is part of the Pulitzer Center’s nationwide \u003ca href=\"http://connected-coastlines.pulitzercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connected Coastlines reporting initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1974195/mapa-ver-los-lugares-en-riesgo-de-inundacion-por-el-aumento-del-nivel-del-mar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Leer en español\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Bay Area 2050 Projected Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move the map. Click the arrow to view the map legend. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=1f92f63dee1840c3b472fc341d98b11d&extent=-122.3564,37.3627,-121.9818,37.6717&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legend=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay’s high tide level is going in one direction: up. Models used in the state’s latest sea level rise \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a>, from 2017, include an upper range defined in terms of statistically less probable events. They show the bay could rise by up to 1.9 feet by the year 2050 and 6.9 feet by the end of the century, which are greater than the levels shown in the two maps on this page.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it could get even worse: Cities preparing for future flooding also have to worry about several additional feet of water crashing against their shorelines during a bad storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already during storms, East Palo Alto and other cities along the shoreline experience coastal flooding and erosion, which will only be exacerbated by the coming rise in sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rising seas is one of the most certain of the effects of climate change,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ce.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley environmental engineer. “We know much of that is already baked in, and we know the seas are going to continue to rise at pace and perhaps accelerate in the coming decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Differences in scientific modeling scenarios before the year 2050 are minor, but they diverge significantly after mid-century depending on the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions, which human beings will determine, and the fate of ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5>Bay Area 2100 Projected Sea Level Rise\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: 90%\">\u003cspan style=\"font-size: small\">\u003cem>Use your mouse to move different directions on the map. Use the + and – signs to zoom in and out. Click on the magnifying glass at the bottom to search for a specific address. Click on the down arrow top right of the legend to remove it. Sources: USGS, OCOF, Pacific Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.arcgis.com/apps/Embed/index.html?webmap=64c2754019244ff7ae2ac93f22843366&extent=-122.3832,37.3647,-121.9633,37.6737&home=true&zoom=true&previewImage=false&scale=true&search=true&searchextent=false&details=true&legendlayers=true&active_panel=legend&disable_scroll=true&theme=light\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These models don’t incorporate a more extreme scenario, in which ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica collapse. If this occurs, the Bay Area could see 10 feet of sea level rise by 2100 — what Stacey calls a “massive acceleration” that’s 30 to 40 times faster than the rate of increase we’ve experienced over the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This goes beyond the scope of what we’ve thought about in planning horizons in terms of the magnitude of change that we’d be facing as a region,” he said, adding that such an increase would require a “complete rethinking of the community surrounding the entire Bay Area, and a move of infrastructure systems that would be pretty profound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s assessment says: “Aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas emissions may substantially reduce but do not eliminate the risk to California of extreme sea-level rise from Antarctic ice loss.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data Sources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Projections for Bay Area flooding are from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change “representative concentration pathway” 8.5 scenario as detailed in California’s latest sea level rise science \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a>, led by Gary Griggs from UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The scenario assumes “there are no significant global efforts to limit or reduce emissions.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The maps uses a dynamic computer model from \u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Our\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Coast\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Our\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ourcoastourfuture.org/\">Future\u003c/a>. Flood estimates are approximations. Data are from the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal Storm Modeling System 9 CoSMoS v2.1; Barnard et al, 2014.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Earth Day 2021: 11 Bay Area Events to Get You Inspired",
"headTitle": "Earth Day 2021: 11 Bay Area Events to Get You Inspired | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The first Earth Day, on April 22, 1970, kicked off the modern environmental movement with more than 20 million Americans — 10% of the U.S. population — hitting the streets to demand action against unchecked pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its 51st year, the event has transformed into a global movement with participation by more than 1 billion people across 192 countries. This year’s theme is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthday.org/toolkit-earth-day-2021-restore-our-earth/\">Restore Our Earth\u003c/a>,” emphasizing the importance of enlisting natural processes, emerging green technologies and innovative thinking to restore ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, on its 50th anniversary, California EPA Secretary Jared Blumenfeld \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962618/has-earth-day-had-any-impact-california-environmental-chief-weighs-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said \u003c/a>Earth Day has had “a major impact on policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 1970, we didn’t have the Clean Air Act, we didn’t have the Clean Water Act, we didn’t have any federal legislation, really, relating to the environment,” he said. “And people went out on the streets, made their voices heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year Earth Day will be mainly virtual again. But with the Bay Area slowly opening up, there are some in-person options, too. Just remember to mask up and social distance. Below are a few, mostly Bay Area events to put on your radar:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/celebrate-earth-day-outdoors-with-bandaloop-vertical-dance-open-rehearsal-tickets-150758900931\">\u003cstrong>BANDALOOP\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Vertical Dance Rehearsal Outdoors\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 4-5 p.m., Oakland, In-Person Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCelebrate Earth Day with aerial dance company BANDALOOP and special guests as the group unveils excerpts from its newest work, LOOM, weaving performance, research and education around the ancestral power and ecological impacts of textiles past, present and future. Event highlights include: Live music by Ben Juodvalkis, Chibueze Crouch, and Charles Peoples III. Special guest speakers include eco-somatic dance artist and inaugural BANDALOOP Artist-In-Residence Jes DeVille, and Phoenix Armenta from the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert.jpg\" alt=\"BANDALOOP dancers perform on side of building in Oakland\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert-768x427.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">BANDALOOP dancers perform on the side of the Breuner building in downtown Oakland. \u003ccite>(Krystal Harfert/BANDALOOP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/nightlife/nightschool-earth-day-for-the-people\">\u003cstrong>California Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>NightSchool: Earth Day for the People\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 7 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGet inspired by people and organizations radically changing both the health of the environment and their communities through “greenprint” projects that focus on sustainable development, environmental justice, and remaking the food system. Featured speakers include: Elizabeth Hiroyasu, landscape scientist at The Nature Conservancy of California; Dr. Mónica Ramírez-Andreotta, assistant professor at the University of Arizona and director of Project Harvest; and Ashley Yates, media director for Planting Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/saving-the-dark-movie-and-panel-discussion/\">\u003cstrong>Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Screening: Saving the Dark\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 23 – 7 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEnjoy a special screening and discussion of “Saving The Dark,” a documentary about astronomy and light pollution. Event highlights include film producer Sriram Murali, joined by astronomers Richard Ozer and Gerald McKeegan, to discuss the costs of light pollution, including its effects on our health, wildlife and environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/after-dark-online-earth-day\">\u003cstrong>The Exploratorium\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>After Dark Online: Earth Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 7 p.m., Free Virtual Event \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDiscover the work of local organizations that expose inequitable impacts of climate change and advocate for environmental justice and legislation. Event highlights include: Conversations with youth leaders from Oakland-based Youth vs. Apocalypse and a virtual screening of the short film “My 25: The Ocean Between Us,” a student film that merges memories and reality to tell an intimate story of how our oceans have changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/events/earth-day-2021\">\u003cstrong>Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Events\u003cbr>\nMake a Monarch Butterfly Kite for Earth Day!\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 11 a.m.-12 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJoin National Park Service Ranger Rebecca Au and Price Sheppy as they take you step by step through building your own monarch butterfly kite to fly on Earth Day. You will also hear stories about the monarch butterfly and find out more about what you can do to help these beautiful animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/events/earth-day-2021\">\u003cstrong>Monitoring Frogs in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 23 – Noon-1:30 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLearn about the common and uncommon frogs you can see in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Join the conversation and find out about efforts to reintroduce and monitor the California red-legged frog, a threatened population in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://fortmason.org/event/flix/international-ocean-film-festival-2021-earth-day/\">\u003cstrong>International Ocean Film Festival (IOFF)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Drive-in Screening at Fort Mason Center For Arts & Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 8:30-10:30 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Tickets Required, $49 Per Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIOFF is presenting a special screening of two of its 2021 award-winning films, “Ocean Souls” and “Whales in a Changing Ocean.” This screening is part of the 18th annual IOFF taking place virtually through May 2, showcasing more than 80 independent films, representing 17 countries, reflecting IOFF’s mission of restoring, protecting and balancing ocean biodiversity through independent films. If you can’t make it to the drive-in, these films are also screening virtually. Check out this year’s festival schedule at \u003ca href=\"http://www.IntlOceanFilmFest.org/\">IntlOceanFilmFest.org\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/events/146656235749\">KQED\u003cbr>\nOn Common Ground: Hyper-Local Climate Resilience\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 6 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany people can adapt to climate change via migration, but for some, adaptation means finding the solutions to remain in place. KQED’s senior science editor, Katrin Snow, will moderate a conversation on how resiliency takes hold on a local level in two very different locations, Marin City and the Sierra Nevada. Special guests include: Terrie Harris-Green of Shore Up Marin City; Beth Rose Middleton Manning, professor and department chair of the Native American Studies Department at UC Davis; and guest reporter Janelle Marie Salanga, engagement reporting intern at the College Journalism Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/earth-day-2021\">\u003cstrong>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 21-23 – Multiday, Free Virtual Events\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhen you think of NASA, you might think of astronauts and missions to Mars. But NASA also has a variety of missions that focus on studying Earth, from sea level rise to hurricanes. NASA’s three-day Earth Day virtual event extravaganza features: Live presentations and chats with NASA Earth science experts; an interactive kid-friendly science fun zone with coloring and activity sheets; and Meet a Scientist videos. Plus, you can find out how you can be a scientist for NASA. There’s also an online scavenger hunt to kick off #GrowForLaunch, a chance to learn about plants grown in space and how you can start your own “space” garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandzoo.org/programs-and-events/earth-day\">\u003cstrong>Oakland Zoo\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Events\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22-25 – 10 a.m.-3:30p.m., Timed Tickets Required, $24-$20, Free Virtual Activities\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCelebrate animals and the planet and learn how to take action against the illegal wildlife trade. All guests must reserve a ticket for a specific date and entry time. Event highlights include an in-person scavenger hunt that will focus on animals that need saving from illegal wildlife trade. The zoo also has several online activities to help you act for the planet from the comfort of your own home, such as learning what plants attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies and hummingbirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://browercenter.org/wsff-2021\">\u003cstrong>The David Brower Center\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Wild and Scenic Film Festival Earth Day 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 7 p.m., Tickets Required, General $25, Student $15, Group Rates Available \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Wild and Scenic Film Festival, organized by Citizens Climate Lobby Alameda County, the David Brower Center, Earth Island Institute, Green the Church, and Communities for a Better Environment, is hosting a virtual Earth Day screening with films that tell extraordinary stories of local and global front-line communities fighting for environmental justice and restoration. After the live event on the 22nd, all films will be available on-demand from April 23-27. Included with every ticket is an on-demand bonus session featuring five films about threatened wildlife and efforts to protect their habitats and save them from extinction. Get $5 off with this special code: WSFFDBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman-.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman-.jpg\" alt=\"earthday_wsf\" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman-.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman--160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman--768x490.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Included with every ticket is an on-demand bonus session featuring five amazing films about threatened wildlife and efforts to protect their habitats and save them from extinction. \u003ccite>(Wild and Scenic Film Festival)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Check your local event listings for additional Earth Day related community events in your neighborhood. And be sure to bookmark \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareascience.org\">bayareascience.org\u003c/a> for year-round science and environment events and festivals. Below is a reminder of a few things you can do to make every day Earth Day, courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ocean/earthday.html\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1974014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2.jpg\" alt=\"NOAAA\" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2-768x481.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"subhead": "Check out KQED's San Francisco Bay Area Earth Day 2021 event picks and get inspired! Enjoy mainly virtual events from the California Academy of Sciences, the Exploratorium, the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, the Oakland Zoo and more!",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first Earth Day, on April 22, 1970, kicked off the modern environmental movement with more than 20 million Americans — 10% of the U.S. population — hitting the streets to demand action against unchecked pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its 51st year, the event has transformed into a global movement with participation by more than 1 billion people across 192 countries. This year’s theme is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.earthday.org/toolkit-earth-day-2021-restore-our-earth/\">Restore Our Earth\u003c/a>,” emphasizing the importance of enlisting natural processes, emerging green technologies and innovative thinking to restore ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, on its 50th anniversary, California EPA Secretary Jared Blumenfeld \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962618/has-earth-day-had-any-impact-california-environmental-chief-weighs-in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">said \u003c/a>Earth Day has had “a major impact on policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 1970, we didn’t have the Clean Air Act, we didn’t have the Clean Water Act, we didn’t have any federal legislation, really, relating to the environment,” he said. “And people went out on the streets, made their voices heard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year Earth Day will be mainly virtual again. But with the Bay Area slowly opening up, there are some in-person options, too. Just remember to mask up and social distance. Below are a few, mostly Bay Area events to put on your radar:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/celebrate-earth-day-outdoors-with-bandaloop-vertical-dance-open-rehearsal-tickets-150758900931\">\u003cstrong>BANDALOOP\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Vertical Dance Rehearsal Outdoors\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 4-5 p.m., Oakland, In-Person Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCelebrate Earth Day with aerial dance company BANDALOOP and special guests as the group unveils excerpts from its newest work, LOOM, weaving performance, research and education around the ancestral power and ecological impacts of textiles past, present and future. Event highlights include: Live music by Ben Juodvalkis, Chibueze Crouch, and Charles Peoples III. Special guest speakers include eco-somatic dance artist and inaugural BANDALOOP Artist-In-Residence Jes DeVille, and Phoenix Armenta from the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974001\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974001\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert.jpg\" alt=\"BANDALOOP dancers perform on side of building in Oakland\" width=\"800\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/BandaLoop_Photo-by-Krystal-Harfert-768x427.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">BANDALOOP dancers perform on the side of the Breuner building in downtown Oakland. \u003ccite>(Krystal Harfert/BANDALOOP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/nightlife/nightschool-earth-day-for-the-people\">\u003cstrong>California Academy of Sciences\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>NightSchool: Earth Day for the People\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 7 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGet inspired by people and organizations radically changing both the health of the environment and their communities through “greenprint” projects that focus on sustainable development, environmental justice, and remaking the food system. Featured speakers include: Elizabeth Hiroyasu, landscape scientist at The Nature Conservancy of California; Dr. Mónica Ramírez-Andreotta, assistant professor at the University of Arizona and director of Project Harvest; and Ashley Yates, media director for Planting Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/calendar/saving-the-dark-movie-and-panel-discussion/\">\u003cstrong>Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Screening: Saving the Dark\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 23 – 7 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nEnjoy a special screening and discussion of “Saving The Dark,” a documentary about astronomy and light pollution. Event highlights include film producer Sriram Murali, joined by astronomers Richard Ozer and Gerald McKeegan, to discuss the costs of light pollution, including its effects on our health, wildlife and environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/after-dark-online-earth-day\">\u003cstrong>The Exploratorium\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>After Dark Online: Earth Day\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 7 p.m., Free Virtual Event \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDiscover the work of local organizations that expose inequitable impacts of climate change and advocate for environmental justice and legislation. Event highlights include: Conversations with youth leaders from Oakland-based Youth vs. Apocalypse and a virtual screening of the short film “My 25: The Ocean Between Us,” a student film that merges memories and reality to tell an intimate story of how our oceans have changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/events/earth-day-2021\">\u003cstrong>Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy\u003cbr>\nEarth Day Events\u003cbr>\nMake a Monarch Butterfly Kite for Earth Day!\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 11 a.m.-12 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nJoin National Park Service Ranger Rebecca Au and Price Sheppy as they take you step by step through building your own monarch butterfly kite to fly on Earth Day. You will also hear stories about the monarch butterfly and find out more about what you can do to help these beautiful animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/events/earth-day-2021\">\u003cstrong>Monitoring Frogs in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 23 – Noon-1:30 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLearn about the common and uncommon frogs you can see in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Join the conversation and find out about efforts to reintroduce and monitor the California red-legged frog, a threatened population in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://fortmason.org/event/flix/international-ocean-film-festival-2021-earth-day/\">\u003cstrong>International Ocean Film Festival (IOFF)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Drive-in Screening at Fort Mason Center For Arts & Culture\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 8:30-10:30 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong> Tickets Required, $49 Per Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIOFF is presenting a special screening of two of its 2021 award-winning films, “Ocean Souls” and “Whales in a Changing Ocean.” This screening is part of the 18th annual IOFF taking place virtually through May 2, showcasing more than 80 independent films, representing 17 countries, reflecting IOFF’s mission of restoring, protecting and balancing ocean biodiversity through independent films. If you can’t make it to the drive-in, these films are also screening virtually. Check out this year’s festival schedule at \u003ca href=\"http://www.IntlOceanFilmFest.org/\">IntlOceanFilmFest.org\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/events/146656235749\">KQED\u003cbr>\nOn Common Ground: Hyper-Local Climate Resilience\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 6 p.m., Free Virtual Event\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany people can adapt to climate change via migration, but for some, adaptation means finding the solutions to remain in place. KQED’s senior science editor, Katrin Snow, will moderate a conversation on how resiliency takes hold on a local level in two very different locations, Marin City and the Sierra Nevada. Special guests include: Terrie Harris-Green of Shore Up Marin City; Beth Rose Middleton Manning, professor and department chair of the Native American Studies Department at UC Davis; and guest reporter Janelle Marie Salanga, engagement reporting intern at the College Journalism Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/earth-day-2021\">\u003cstrong>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 21-23 – Multiday, Free Virtual Events\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhen you think of NASA, you might think of astronauts and missions to Mars. But NASA also has a variety of missions that focus on studying Earth, from sea level rise to hurricanes. NASA’s three-day Earth Day virtual event extravaganza features: Live presentations and chats with NASA Earth science experts; an interactive kid-friendly science fun zone with coloring and activity sheets; and Meet a Scientist videos. Plus, you can find out how you can be a scientist for NASA. There’s also an online scavenger hunt to kick off #GrowForLaunch, a chance to learn about plants grown in space and how you can start your own “space” garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandzoo.org/programs-and-events/earth-day\">\u003cstrong>Oakland Zoo\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Earth Day Events\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22-25 – 10 a.m.-3:30p.m., Timed Tickets Required, $24-$20, Free Virtual Activities\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCelebrate animals and the planet and learn how to take action against the illegal wildlife trade. All guests must reserve a ticket for a specific date and entry time. Event highlights include an in-person scavenger hunt that will focus on animals that need saving from illegal wildlife trade. The zoo also has several online activities to help you act for the planet from the comfort of your own home, such as learning what plants attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies and hummingbirds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://browercenter.org/wsff-2021\">\u003cstrong>The David Brower Center\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Wild and Scenic Film Festival Earth Day 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>April 22 – 7 p.m., Tickets Required, General $25, Student $15, Group Rates Available \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe Wild and Scenic Film Festival, organized by Citizens Climate Lobby Alameda County, the David Brower Center, Earth Island Institute, Green the Church, and Communities for a Better Environment, is hosting a virtual Earth Day screening with films that tell extraordinary stories of local and global front-line communities fighting for environmental justice and restoration. After the live event on the 22nd, all films will be available on-demand from April 23-27. Included with every ticket is an on-demand bonus session featuring five films about threatened wildlife and efforts to protect their habitats and save them from extinction. Get $5 off with this special code: WSFFDBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1974013\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman-.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1974013\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman-.jpg\" alt=\"earthday_wsf\" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman-.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman--160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/EarthDay_WSFF-dbc-page-Elephant-and-Woman--768x490.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Included with every ticket is an on-demand bonus session featuring five amazing films about threatened wildlife and efforts to protect their habitats and save them from extinction. \u003ccite>(Wild and Scenic Film Festival)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Check your local event listings for additional Earth Day related community events in your neighborhood. And be sure to bookmark \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareascience.org\">bayareascience.org\u003c/a> for year-round science and environment events and festivals. Below is a reminder of a few things you can do to make every day Earth Day, courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/ocean/earthday.html\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1974014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2.jpg\" alt=\"NOAAA\" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2-160x100.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Earthday-infographic_NOAA2-768x481.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003cem>Could this tiny creature, named after a mythical multiheaded monster, hold the secret to eternal youth? Related to jellyfish and anemones, the hydra has an almost otherworldly ability to heal itself and stave off aging.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Everything that lives, must one day die, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, maybe not everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s named after a many-headed monster from Greek mythology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chop off one head and two grow in its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That myth isn’t too far from the real hydra’s death-defying abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re cousins to jellyfish — see the resemblance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hydra live in freshwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its body is a hollow column with walls only two cells thick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its head is just a bunch of tentacles surrounding a mouth, no eyes or brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole thing is about as long as a grain of rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hungry hydra stretches out its tentacles to snag swimming prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microscopic harpoons hook the water flea, injecting it with paralyzing neurotoxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it’s down the hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra uses those nutrients to make more hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out this bud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a clone sprouting right from the hydra’s side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra can reproduce sexually too, but most often, they just clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chip off the old block!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra are constantly regenerating their own bodies too, replacing all of their cells every 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can do that because roughly half of the cells in their bodies are stem cells, which can develop into all the different types of specialized cells you need to build, or rebuild a body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells only make up a tiny percentage of our bodies\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And our stem cells degrade over time — that’s why we age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/h3>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://juliano.faculty.ucdavis.edu/\">The Juliano Lab\u003c/a> at UC Davis studies regenerative biology, stem cells and the immortal hydra\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://valelab.ucsf.edu/\">Vale Lab\u003c/a> at UCSF, Taylor Skokan studies the hydra’s ability to reorganize their cells and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(20)31027-7\">reassemble their body plan\u003c/a> from a disorganized aggregation of cells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=2387\">Robert Steele\u003c/a> studies hydra as a model system to investigate questions in developmental and evolutionary biology\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a hydra can make near-perfect copies of its stem cells … basically forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called non-senescence — biological immortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having all those stem cells allows hydra to recover from all kinds of … damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All right, here we go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No body? Not to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No head? No problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as the chopped-off chunk has some stem cells, it’s ready to regrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a couple days, the severed head has a new body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the foot? It’s got a brand new head!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, they’ll both be as good as new … except for maybe some lingering trust issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the limits of their ability to recover, researchers came up with an experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hydra is genetically engineered so that under ultraviolet light its exterior cells glow purple and interior ones glow green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists basically blend up a bunch of these hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving a heap of mixed-up cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right away, the cells start reorganizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those purple outer layer cells migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cells from the inside squirm back into the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra dumps cells from the interior to restore its hollow shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stem cells start dividing — and differentiating — to rebuild the rest of the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon a head starts to form, and sometimes a few little heads compete to be the new top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few tumultuous days what was once a mixed-up pile of cells takes on a familiar shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope to harness hydra’s ability to regenerate to someday slow human aging, or even regrow damaged organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe this tiny monster will one day show us the way to the mythical fountain of youth.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chop off one head and two grow in its place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That myth isn’t too far from the real hydra’s death-defying abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re cousins to jellyfish — see the resemblance?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But hydra live in freshwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its body is a hollow column with walls only two cells thick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its head is just a bunch of tentacles surrounding a mouth, no eyes or brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole thing is about as long as a grain of rice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hungry hydra stretches out its tentacles to snag swimming prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microscopic harpoons hook the water flea, injecting it with paralyzing neurotoxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, it’s down the hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra uses those nutrients to make more hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out this bud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a clone sprouting right from the hydra’s side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra can reproduce sexually too, but most often, they just clone themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A chip off the old block!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydra are constantly regenerating their own bodies too, replacing all of their cells every 20 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can do that because roughly half of the cells in their bodies are stem cells, which can develop into all the different types of specialized cells you need to build, or rebuild a body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells only make up a tiny percentage of our bodies\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And our stem cells degrade over time — that’s why we age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>ADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003c/h3>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003c/li>\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://juliano.faculty.ucdavis.edu/\">The Juliano Lab\u003c/a> at UC Davis studies regenerative biology, stem cells and the immortal hydra\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As part of the \u003ca href=\"https://valelab.ucsf.edu/\">Vale Lab\u003c/a> at UCSF, Taylor Skokan studies the hydra’s ability to reorganize their cells and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdfExtended/S0960-9822(20)31027-7\">reassemble their body plan\u003c/a> from a disorganized aggregation of cells.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile.cfm?faculty_id=2387\">Robert Steele\u003c/a> studies hydra as a model system to investigate questions in developmental and evolutionary biology\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a hydra can make near-perfect copies of its stem cells … basically forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called non-senescence — biological immortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having all those stem cells allows hydra to recover from all kinds of … damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All right, here we go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No body? Not to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No head? No problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As long as the chopped-off chunk has some stem cells, it’s ready to regrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a couple days, the severed head has a new body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the foot? It’s got a brand new head!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, they’ll both be as good as new … except for maybe some lingering trust issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the limits of their ability to recover, researchers came up with an experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hydra is genetically engineered so that under ultraviolet light its exterior cells glow purple and interior ones glow green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists basically blend up a bunch of these hydra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving a heap of mixed-up cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right away, the cells start reorganizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those purple outer layer cells migrate out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cells from the inside squirm back into the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hydra dumps cells from the interior to restore its hollow shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stem cells start dividing — and differentiating — to rebuild the rest of the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon a head starts to form, and sometimes a few little heads compete to be the new top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few tumultuous days what was once a mixed-up pile of cells takes on a familiar shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope to harness hydra’s ability to regenerate to someday slow human aging, or even regrow damaged organs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe this tiny monster will one day show us the way to the mythical fountain of youth.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Helicopter Takes Flight on Mars",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than a century ago the first propeller-driven aircraft took off on Earth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Monday, another one took flight for the first time on a different planet. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NASA’s experimental Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1KolyCqICI\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">successfully lifted off the ground\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at 3:34 a.m. EDT — that’s around noon local Martian time in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/landing-site/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jezero Crater\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the current location of Ingenuity and the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-perseverance-rover\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perseverance rover\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The flight data, sent from Perseverance and relayed by the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-reconnaissance-orbiter-mro\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, was transmitted back to Earth almost three hours later. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973875\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973875 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image captured by a camera on the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, during its historic first flight on Mars. The image is an overhead view of the ground where Ingenuity took off from, showing the twin wheel tracks of the Perseverance rover that deposited in on the ground, and the shadow of the helicopter in flight. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingenuity’s first flight took it straight up about 10 feet, where it hovered, made a small victory turn-in-place for Perseverance’s cameras, then settled back to the ground about 40 seconds after liftoff. Not a flight endurance record by tried-and-true Earth aviation standards, but certainly a one-small-hop-for-a-robot, one-giant-leap-for-interplanetary-exploration achievement. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingenuity’s maiden flight had been scheduled for April 11, but was postponed when a software glitch failed to engage the system’s flight mode during a pre-flight rotor test. After some analysis and software testing, NASA Jet Propulsion Lab engineers worked out a fix and ran further tests before mission controllers approved another flight attempt. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/km6rnydpMsN7heLcoaNw5A-970-80-NASAJPLCaltechASU.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation showing the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, testing its twin rotors in preparation for its historic first flight on Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With more test flights planned in days ahead, engineers at JPL, located in Pasadena, California, will have further opportunity to hone their brand new Martian aviation skills. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Proof of Concept\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/6-things-to-know-about-nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mars Helicopter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an add-on experiment to last year’s Perseverance mission. Equipped with only an onboard computer, two small cameras and a wireless link to Perseverance, Ingenuity carries no science instruments; its entire mission is to provide proof of concept for aerial exploration of Mars, and maybe of other worlds. Even if it never leaves the ground again, Ingenuity has still achieved the mission’s primary goal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973871\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-800x1099.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1099\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-800x1099.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-1020x1401.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-160x220.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-768x1055.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-1118x1536.jpg 1118w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, still attached to the underbelly of the Perseverance rover, before begin placed on the ground. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As scientists and engineers \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948555/nasa-wants-to-send-shapeshifting-robots-to-saturn-moon\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">conceive new designs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for robots to move around the surfaces of other worlds, which to this point has all been done by wheeled rovers, Ingenuity’s successful flight opens a path to greater freedom for humans to explore areas where wheels cannot carry us. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To achieve this flight, engineers at JPL had to meet some steep design challenges, not the least of which was to build a helicopter that can fly in Mars’ thin atmosphere, which is about a hundredth the density of Earth’s at sea level. Even helicopters on Earth that have reached the highest mountain peaks such as Mount Everest, where the air is still one-third as dense as it is at sea level, have strained the limits of conventional engine and rotor blade technology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973873 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A “selfie” taken by the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, showing the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, placed on the ground from where it would later take to flight. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS/Sean Doran)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingenuity’s specially designed twin counter-rotating propeller blades must spin at around 2,500 revolutions per minute to lift the 1.8 kilogram (4-pound) craft off Mars’ surface. Mars’ lower surface gravity, which is 38% of Earth’s, makes the feat easier, but the low air density underscores the unearthly challenges of exploring other planets. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future missions may include airborne drones to perform aerial reconnaissance, collect rock and soil samples over a wider area, or even independently explore a much vaster region than a wheeled rover crawling carefully through an obstacle-laden terrain can. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973872\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of how Mars’ Jezero Crater, where the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance is currently exploring, may have looked when it was a river-fed lake in Mars’ distant, wetter past. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perseverance landed on Feb. 18 in Mars’ Jezero Crater, on a mission to search for clues to ancient life locked in the rocks and soil of a dry lakebed and a formation of sediments washed into it long ago, when Mars possessed a wetter, more Earth-like climate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The NASA Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, successfully lifted off the ground Monday at 3:34 a.m. EDT.",
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"description": "The NASA Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, successfully lifted off the ground Monday at 3:34 a.m. EDT.",
"title": "A Helicopter Takes Flight on Mars | KQED",
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"headline": "A Helicopter Takes Flight on Mars",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More than a century ago the first propeller-driven aircraft took off on Earth.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Monday, another one took flight for the first time on a different planet. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NASA’s experimental Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1KolyCqICI\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">successfully lifted off the ground\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at 3:34 a.m. EDT — that’s around noon local Martian time in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/science/landing-site/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jezero Crater\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the current location of Ingenuity and the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-2020-perseverance-rover\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perseverance rover\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The flight data, sent from Perseverance and relayed by the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-reconnaissance-orbiter-mro\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, was transmitted back to Earth almost three hours later. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973875\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973875 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/shadow-of-ingenuity-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image captured by a camera on the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, during its historic first flight on Mars. The image is an overhead view of the ground where Ingenuity took off from, showing the twin wheel tracks of the Perseverance rover that deposited in on the ground, and the shadow of the helicopter in flight. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingenuity’s first flight took it straight up about 10 feet, where it hovered, made a small victory turn-in-place for Perseverance’s cameras, then settled back to the ground about 40 seconds after liftoff. Not a flight endurance record by tried-and-true Earth aviation standards, but certainly a one-small-hop-for-a-robot, one-giant-leap-for-interplanetary-exploration achievement. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingenuity’s maiden flight had been scheduled for April 11, but was postponed when a software glitch failed to engage the system’s flight mode during a pre-flight rotor test. After some analysis and software testing, NASA Jet Propulsion Lab engineers worked out a fix and ran further tests before mission controllers approved another flight attempt. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/km6rnydpMsN7heLcoaNw5A-970-80-NASAJPLCaltechASU.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation showing the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, testing its twin rotors in preparation for its historic first flight on Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With more test flights planned in days ahead, engineers at JPL, located in Pasadena, California, will have further opportunity to hone their brand new Martian aviation skills. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Proof of Concept\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/6-things-to-know-about-nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mars Helicopter\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is an add-on experiment to last year’s Perseverance mission. Equipped with only an onboard computer, two small cameras and a wireless link to Perseverance, Ingenuity carries no science instruments; its entire mission is to provide proof of concept for aerial exploration of Mars, and maybe of other worlds. Even if it never leaves the ground again, Ingenuity has still achieved the mission’s primary goal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973871\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973871\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-800x1099.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1099\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-800x1099.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-1020x1401.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-160x220.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-768x1055.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech-1118x1536.jpg 1118w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/ingenuity1-underbelly-NASAJPLCaltech.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, still attached to the underbelly of the Perseverance rover, before begin placed on the ground. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As scientists and engineers \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948555/nasa-wants-to-send-shapeshifting-robots-to-saturn-moon\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">conceive new designs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for robots to move around the surfaces of other worlds, which to this point has all been done by wheeled rovers, Ingenuity’s successful flight opens a path to greater freedom for humans to explore areas where wheels cannot carry us. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To achieve this flight, engineers at JPL had to meet some steep design challenges, not the least of which was to build a helicopter that can fly in Mars’ thin atmosphere, which is about a hundredth the density of Earth’s at sea level. Even helicopters on Earth that have reached the highest mountain peaks such as Mount Everest, where the air is still one-third as dense as it is at sea level, have strained the limits of conventional engine and rotor blade technology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1973873 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Selfie_NASAJPLCaltechASU-MSSS-Sean-Doran-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A “selfie” taken by the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, showing the Mars Helicopter, Ingenuity, placed on the ground from where it would later take to flight. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASU/MSSS/Sean Doran)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ingenuity’s specially designed twin counter-rotating propeller blades must spin at around 2,500 revolutions per minute to lift the 1.8 kilogram (4-pound) craft off Mars’ surface. Mars’ lower surface gravity, which is 38% of Earth’s, makes the feat easier, but the low air density underscores the unearthly challenges of exploring other planets. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future missions may include airborne drones to perform aerial reconnaissance, collect rock and soil samples over a wider area, or even independently explore a much vaster region than a wheeled rover crawling carefully through an obstacle-laden terrain can. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973872\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1973872\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/pia24172-jezerolake-nasajplcaltech.jpg 1041w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of how Mars’ Jezero Crater, where the Mars 2020 rover Perseverance is currently exploring, may have looked when it was a river-fed lake in Mars’ distant, wetter past. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perseverance landed on Feb. 18 in Mars’ Jezero Crater, on a mission to search for clues to ancient life locked in the rocks and soil of a dry lakebed and a formation of sediments washed into it long ago, when Mars possessed a wetter, more Earth-like climate.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Hundreds of Companies Call for US to Slash Carbon Emissions",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 300 businesses have signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.wemeanbusinesscoalition.org/ambitious-u-s-2030-ndc/\">open letter\u003c/a> calling on the Biden administration to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States to at least half of 2005 levels by 2030. That would nearly double a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/03/31/396577721/u-s-promises-to-cut-greenhouse-gases-by-a-quarter-of-2005-levels\">previous target\u003c/a> set by former President Barack Obama in 2015, who pledged a 25% to 28% reduction by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States is not currently on track to meet either goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signatories include some of the largest companies in the United States, including Walmart, Apple, McDonald’s and Starbucks. “A bold 2030 target is needed to catalyze a zero-emissions future, spur a robust economic recovery, create millions of well-paying jobs, and allow the U.S. to ‘build back better’ from the pandemic,” the letter said, echoing the president’s economic recovery slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 50% reduction target would put the Biden administration in line with what groups such as the United Nations and National Academies of Science \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2021/02/new-report-charts-path-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050-recommends-near-term-policies-to-ensure-fair-and-equitable-economic-transition-and-revitalization-of-manufacturing-industry\">say is necessary\u003c/a> to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a March \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/resources/biden-administration-must-swiftly-commit-cutting-climate-pollution-least-50-percent-2030\">statement \u003c/a>calling for the same reductions target, the environmental advocacy group Natural Resources Defense Council said such a plan would “help pull the country out of the pandemic-induced recession by putting millions of Americans to work” and inspire more ambitious international climate action ahead of a major United Nations climate conference in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like President Biden’s campaign promise to guide the United States to carbon-neutrality by the middle of the century, a 50% emissions reduction target would require steeper emissions cuts than the country has ever achieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, greenhouse gas emissions were approximately 13% below 2005 levels, a decrease of just 1.8% from the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has identified climate action as one of its top four priorities and has named prominent, experienced Washington insiders, including former Secretary of State John Kerry and former EPA administrator Gina McCarthy, to oversee climate policy efforts at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Danielle Kurtzleben has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/02/983398361/green-new-deal-leaders-see-biden-climate-plans-as-a-victory-kind-of\">previously reported\u003c/a>, activists on the left are cautiously optimistic about the administration’s climate plan after expressing doubts about Biden’s climate record during the Democratic primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunrise Movement, a youth-led climate group that champions the Green New Deal, gave candidate Biden’s initial climate plan an “F” grade. Now, the group’s executive director Varshini Prakash is publicly celebrating his administration’s latest climate-focused $2 trillion infrastructure bill — including its commitment to spend 40% of the infrastructure plan’s money on disadvantaged communities and launch a jobs program called the Civilian Climate Corps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York Democratic Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez told NPR earlier this month that she feels that Biden has ultimately come around to the side of progressives on climate issues. She said: “As much as I think some parts of the party try to avoid saying ‘Green New Deal’ and really dance around and try to not use that term, ultimately, the framework I think has been adopted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emphasis on climate comes as a sharp departure from the Trump administration, which withdrew the United States from the Paris Agreement and set no emissions reductions targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signatories to the Paris deal, which Biden rejoined on the day he was sworn into office, are all required to set these targets — formally known as nationally determined contributions, or NDCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement also encourages nations to revise their goals every five years, in hopes that the proposals become more ambitious as the cost of environmental reform goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Paris Agreement was first agreed to in 2015, though, just 50 of the deal’s nearly 200 signatories have submitted \u003ca href=\"https://climateactiontracker.org/climate-target-update-tracker/\">revised targets\u003c/a>. A\u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published\"> recent U.N. analysis of international climate action found\u003c/a> that many countries were doing far too little to reduce emissions for the world to avoid the worst effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the White House has not indicated exactly how ambitious their plan will be. An announcement is expected in the coming days as the White House prepares for its Earth Day climate summit with world leaders, scheduled for April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hundreds+Of+Companies+Call+For+U.S.+To+Slash+Carbon+Emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 300 businesses have signed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.wemeanbusinesscoalition.org/ambitious-u-s-2030-ndc/\">open letter\u003c/a> calling on the Biden administration to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the United States to at least half of 2005 levels by 2030. That would nearly double a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/03/31/396577721/u-s-promises-to-cut-greenhouse-gases-by-a-quarter-of-2005-levels\">previous target\u003c/a> set by former President Barack Obama in 2015, who pledged a 25% to 28% reduction by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States is not currently on track to meet either goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signatories include some of the largest companies in the United States, including Walmart, Apple, McDonald’s and Starbucks. “A bold 2030 target is needed to catalyze a zero-emissions future, spur a robust economic recovery, create millions of well-paying jobs, and allow the U.S. to ‘build back better’ from the pandemic,” the letter said, echoing the president’s economic recovery slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 50% reduction target would put the Biden administration in line with what groups such as the United Nations and National Academies of Science \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2021/02/new-report-charts-path-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050-recommends-near-term-policies-to-ensure-fair-and-equitable-economic-transition-and-revitalization-of-manufacturing-industry\">say is necessary\u003c/a> to mitigate the worst impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a March \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/resources/biden-administration-must-swiftly-commit-cutting-climate-pollution-least-50-percent-2030\">statement \u003c/a>calling for the same reductions target, the environmental advocacy group Natural Resources Defense Council said such a plan would “help pull the country out of the pandemic-induced recession by putting millions of Americans to work” and inspire more ambitious international climate action ahead of a major United Nations climate conference in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like President Biden’s campaign promise to guide the United States to carbon-neutrality by the middle of the century, a 50% emissions reduction target would require steeper emissions cuts than the country has ever achieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, greenhouse gas emissions were approximately 13% below 2005 levels, a decrease of just 1.8% from the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has identified climate action as one of its top four priorities and has named prominent, experienced Washington insiders, including former Secretary of State John Kerry and former EPA administrator Gina McCarthy, to oversee climate policy efforts at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Danielle Kurtzleben has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/02/983398361/green-new-deal-leaders-see-biden-climate-plans-as-a-victory-kind-of\">previously reported\u003c/a>, activists on the left are cautiously optimistic about the administration’s climate plan after expressing doubts about Biden’s climate record during the Democratic primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunrise Movement, a youth-led climate group that champions the Green New Deal, gave candidate Biden’s initial climate plan an “F” grade. Now, the group’s executive director Varshini Prakash is publicly celebrating his administration’s latest climate-focused $2 trillion infrastructure bill — including its commitment to spend 40% of the infrastructure plan’s money on disadvantaged communities and launch a jobs program called the Civilian Climate Corps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York Democratic Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez told NPR earlier this month that she feels that Biden has ultimately come around to the side of progressives on climate issues. She said: “As much as I think some parts of the party try to avoid saying ‘Green New Deal’ and really dance around and try to not use that term, ultimately, the framework I think has been adopted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emphasis on climate comes as a sharp departure from the Trump administration, which withdrew the United States from the Paris Agreement and set no emissions reductions targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signatories to the Paris deal, which Biden rejoined on the day he was sworn into office, are all required to set these targets — formally known as nationally determined contributions, or NDCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement also encourages nations to revise their goals every five years, in hopes that the proposals become more ambitious as the cost of environmental reform goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Paris Agreement was first agreed to in 2015, though, just 50 of the deal’s nearly 200 signatories have submitted \u003ca href=\"https://climateactiontracker.org/climate-target-update-tracker/\">revised targets\u003c/a>. A\u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published\"> recent U.N. analysis of international climate action found\u003c/a> that many countries were doing far too little to reduce emissions for the world to avoid the worst effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the White House has not indicated exactly how ambitious their plan will be. An announcement is expected in the coming days as the White House prepares for its Earth Day climate summit with world leaders, scheduled for April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hundreds+Of+Companies+Call+For+U.S.+To+Slash+Carbon+Emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Create Early Embryos That Are Part Human, Part Monkey",
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"content": "\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have created embryos that are a mix of human and monkey cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The embryos, described Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00305-6\">in the journal\u003c/a> \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em>, were created in part to try to find new ways to produce organs for people who need transplants, said the international team of scientists who collaborated on the work. But the research raises a variety of concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first question is: Why?” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.bakerinstitute.org/experts/kirstin-rw-matthews/\">Kirstin Matthews\u003c/a>, a fellow for science and technology at Rice University’s Baker Institute. “I think the public is going to be concerned, and I am as well, that we’re just kind of pushing forward with science without having a proper conversation about what we should or should not do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the scientists who conducted the research, and some other bioethicists defended the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the major problems in medicine — organ transplantation,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.salk.edu/scientist/juan-carlos-izpisua-belmonte/\">Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte\u003c/a>, a professor in the Gene Expression Laboratory of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, and a co-author of the \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em> study. “The demand for that is much higher than the supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see this type of research being ethically problematic,” said \u003ca href=\"https://case.edu/medicine/bioethics/about/faculty-staff/insoo-hyun\">Insoo Hyun\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at Case Western Reserve University and Harvard University. “It’s aimed at lofty humanitarian goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people die every year in the United States \u003ca href=\"https://www.donatelife.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2019-NDLM-Donation-and-Transplantation-Statistics-FINAL-Jan2019.pdf\">waiting for an organ transplant\u003c/a>, Hyun noted. So, in recent years, some researchers in the U.S. and beyond have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/18/478212837/in-search-for-cures-scientists-create-embryos-that-are-both-animal-and-human\">injecting human stem cells into sheep and pig embryos\u003c/a> to see if they might eventually grow human organs in such animals for transplantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far, that approach hasn’t worked. So Belmonte teamed up with scientists in China and elsewhere to try something different. The researchers injected 25 cells known as \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\">induced pluripotent stem cells \u003c/a> from humans — commonly called iPS cells — into embryos from macaque monkeys, which are much more closely genetically related to humans than are sheep and pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After one day, the researchers reported, they were able to detect human cells growing in 132 of the embryos and were able study the embryos for up to 19 days. That enabled the scientists to learn more about how animal cells and human cells communicate, an important step toward eventually helping researchers find new ways to grow organs for transplantation in other animals, Belmonte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This knowledge will allow us to go back now and try to reengineer these pathways that are successful for allowing appropriate development of human cells in these other animals,” Belmonte told NPR. “We are very, very excited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such mixed-species embryos are known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chimera\">chimeras\u003c/a>, named for the fire-breathing creature from Greek mythology that is part lion, part goat and part snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is not to generate any new organism, any monster,” Belmonte said. “And we are not doing anything like that. We are trying to understand how cells from different organisms communicate with one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Belmonte said he hopes this kind of work could lead to new insights into early human development, aging and the underlying causes of cancer and other disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other scientists NPR spoke with agree the research could be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is an important step that provides very compelling evidence that someday when we understand fully what the process is we could make them develop into a heart or a kidney or lungs,” said \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/immunology/jeffrey-platt-md-phd\">Dr. Jeffrey Platt\u003c/a>, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Michigan, who is doing related experiments but was not involved in the new research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this type of scientific work and the possibilities it opens up raises serious questions for some ethicists. The biggest concern, they said, is that someone could try to take this work further and attempt to make a baby out of an embryo made this way. Specifically, the critics worry that human cells could become part of the developing brain of such an embryo — and of the brain of the resulting animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should it be regulated as human because it has a significant proportion of human cells in it? Or should it be regulated just as an animal? Or something else?” Rice University’s Matthews said. “At what point are you taking something and using it for organs when it actually is starting to think and have logic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern is that using human cells in this way could produce animals that have human sperm or eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody really wants monkeys walking around with human eggs and human sperm inside them,” said \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/henry-t-greely/\">Hank Greely\u003c/a>, a Stanford University bioethicist who co-wrote an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00375-5\">article in the same issue of the journal\u003c/a> that critiques the line of research while noting that this particular study was ethically done. “Because if a monkey with human sperm meets a monkey with human eggs, nobody wants a human embryo inside a monkey’s uterus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belmonte acknowledges the ethical concerns. But he stresses that his team has no intention of trying to create animals with the part-human, part-monkey embryos, or even to try to grow human organs in such a closely related species. He said his team consulted closely with bioethicists, including Greely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said he hopes the work will spur a more general debate about how far scientists should be allowed to go with this kind of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re on the edge of beyond the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/planet-of-the-apes-4-2020-movie-release-date-trailer-cast-sequel\">Planet of the Apes\u003c/a>.” I think rogue scientists are few and far between. But they’re not zero,” Greely said. “So I do think it’s an appropriate time for us to start thinking about, ‘Should we ever let these go beyond a petri dish?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years, the National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/04/488387729/nih-plans-to-lift-ban-on-research-funds-for-part-human-part-animal-embryos\">has been weighing the idea of lifting a ban on funding for this kind of research\u003c/a> but has been waiting for new guidelines, which are expected to come out next month, from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.isscr.org/\">International Society for Stem Cell Research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion of using organs from animals for transplants has also long raised concerns about spreading viruses from animals to humans. So, if the current research comes to fruition, steps would have to be taken to reduce that infection risk, scientists said, such as carefully sequestering animals used for that purpose and screening any organs used for transplantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Create+Early+Embryos+That+Are+Part+Human%2C+Part+Monkey&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have created embryos that are a mix of human and monkey cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The embryos, described Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00305-6\">in the journal\u003c/a> \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em>, were created in part to try to find new ways to produce organs for people who need transplants, said the international team of scientists who collaborated on the work. But the research raises a variety of concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first question is: Why?” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.bakerinstitute.org/experts/kirstin-rw-matthews/\">Kirstin Matthews\u003c/a>, a fellow for science and technology at Rice University’s Baker Institute. “I think the public is going to be concerned, and I am as well, that we’re just kind of pushing forward with science without having a proper conversation about what we should or should not do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the scientists who conducted the research, and some other bioethicists defended the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the major problems in medicine — organ transplantation,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.salk.edu/scientist/juan-carlos-izpisua-belmonte/\">Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte\u003c/a>, a professor in the Gene Expression Laboratory of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, and a co-author of the \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em> study. “The demand for that is much higher than the supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see this type of research being ethically problematic,” said \u003ca href=\"https://case.edu/medicine/bioethics/about/faculty-staff/insoo-hyun\">Insoo Hyun\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at Case Western Reserve University and Harvard University. “It’s aimed at lofty humanitarian goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of people die every year in the United States \u003ca href=\"https://www.donatelife.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/2019-NDLM-Donation-and-Transplantation-Statistics-FINAL-Jan2019.pdf\">waiting for an organ transplant\u003c/a>, Hyun noted. So, in recent years, some researchers in the U.S. and beyond have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/18/478212837/in-search-for-cures-scientists-create-embryos-that-are-both-animal-and-human\">injecting human stem cells into sheep and pig embryos\u003c/a> to see if they might eventually grow human organs in such animals for transplantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far, that approach hasn’t worked. So Belmonte teamed up with scientists in China and elsewhere to try something different. The researchers injected 25 cells known as \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\">induced pluripotent stem cells \u003c/a> from humans — commonly called iPS cells — into embryos from macaque monkeys, which are much more closely genetically related to humans than are sheep and pigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After one day, the researchers reported, they were able to detect human cells growing in 132 of the embryos and were able study the embryos for up to 19 days. That enabled the scientists to learn more about how animal cells and human cells communicate, an important step toward eventually helping researchers find new ways to grow organs for transplantation in other animals, Belmonte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This knowledge will allow us to go back now and try to reengineer these pathways that are successful for allowing appropriate development of human cells in these other animals,” Belmonte told NPR. “We are very, very excited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such mixed-species embryos are known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chimera\">chimeras\u003c/a>, named for the fire-breathing creature from Greek mythology that is part lion, part goat and part snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is not to generate any new organism, any monster,” Belmonte said. “And we are not doing anything like that. We are trying to understand how cells from different organisms communicate with one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Belmonte said he hopes this kind of work could lead to new insights into early human development, aging and the underlying causes of cancer and other disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some other scientists NPR spoke with agree the research could be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is an important step that provides very compelling evidence that someday when we understand fully what the process is we could make them develop into a heart or a kidney or lungs,” said \u003ca href=\"https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/immunology/jeffrey-platt-md-phd\">Dr. Jeffrey Platt\u003c/a>, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Michigan, who is doing related experiments but was not involved in the new research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this type of scientific work and the possibilities it opens up raises serious questions for some ethicists. The biggest concern, they said, is that someone could try to take this work further and attempt to make a baby out of an embryo made this way. Specifically, the critics worry that human cells could become part of the developing brain of such an embryo — and of the brain of the resulting animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should it be regulated as human because it has a significant proportion of human cells in it? Or should it be regulated just as an animal? Or something else?” Rice University’s Matthews said. “At what point are you taking something and using it for organs when it actually is starting to think and have logic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern is that using human cells in this way could produce animals that have human sperm or eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody really wants monkeys walking around with human eggs and human sperm inside them,” said \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/henry-t-greely/\">Hank Greely\u003c/a>, a Stanford University bioethicist who co-wrote an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)00375-5\">article in the same issue of the journal\u003c/a> that critiques the line of research while noting that this particular study was ethically done. “Because if a monkey with human sperm meets a monkey with human eggs, nobody wants a human embryo inside a monkey’s uterus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belmonte acknowledges the ethical concerns. But he stresses that his team has no intention of trying to create animals with the part-human, part-monkey embryos, or even to try to grow human organs in such a closely related species. He said his team consulted closely with bioethicists, including Greely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said he hopes the work will spur a more general debate about how far scientists should be allowed to go with this kind of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we’re on the edge of beyond the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.inverse.com/entertainment/planet-of-the-apes-4-2020-movie-release-date-trailer-cast-sequel\">Planet of the Apes\u003c/a>.” I think rogue scientists are few and far between. But they’re not zero,” Greely said. “So I do think it’s an appropriate time for us to start thinking about, ‘Should we ever let these go beyond a petri dish?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years, the National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/08/04/488387729/nih-plans-to-lift-ban-on-research-funds-for-part-human-part-animal-embryos\">has been weighing the idea of lifting a ban on funding for this kind of research\u003c/a> but has been waiting for new guidelines, which are expected to come out next month, from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.isscr.org/\">International Society for Stem Cell Research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion of using organs from animals for transplants has also long raised concerns about spreading viruses from animals to humans. So, if the current research comes to fruition, steps would have to be taken to reduce that infection risk, scientists said, such as carefully sequestering animals used for that purpose and screening any organs used for transplantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Create+Early+Embryos+That+Are+Part+Human%2C+Part+Monkey&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Regeneron Says Its Antibody Treatment Protected Against COVID-19 in Study",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">R\u003c/span>\u003c/span>egeneron Pharmaceuticals said Monday that a single administration of its monoclonal antibody cocktail reduced the risk that volunteers exposed to COVID-19 would develop the disease by 81%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study enrolled 1,500 healthy volunteers, each of whom shared a home with someone who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and randomized them to receive a single dose of its antibody treatment, given subcutaneously as four shots, or placebo. After 29 days, 11 patients in the treatment group developed COVID-19 compared to 59 on placebo. And for the subjects who got COVID-19 despite treatment, their symptoms resolved after one week, compared to three weeks for those on placebo. In 204 patients who had already tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the study’s outset, the injection reduced their chances of progressing to symptomatic COVID-19 by 31%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were made public in a press release and will be published in a scientific journal or presented at a medical meeting at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those results mirror similar results seen in a study conducted by Eli Lilly of its monoclonal antibody in nursing homes. One key difference: While in previous studies by both Lilly and Regeneron, antibodies had to be given intravenously, in this one Regeneron used a formulation that could be given with an under-the-skin injection. Lilly is also exploring a subcutaneous injection of its antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s “a really, really big deal,” said Myron Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases at the University of North Carolina and one of the study’s lead investigators. He said that having to start an IV is “unequivocally” one of the barriers to using the antibodies either for treatment or prevention. The other barrier? Awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order for these antibodies to be used for treatment and prevention and for treatment as prevention, we need the patients or their families familiar with the opportunity,” Cohen said. “We need health providers to be familiar with these drugs and comfortable administering them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And why do we need antibodies when there are already vaccines? Dan Barouch, the director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a key figure in the development of the J&J vaccine and another investigator in Regeneron’s study, said that the approaches are “complementary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As of now, there are still substantial numbers of people who are not fully vaccinated,” Barouch said. What’s more, some people, including those with compromised immune systems, might not generate enough antibodies one their own — and could benefit from antibodies that are injected into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some circumstances, say, an outbreak at a nursing home, the monoclonal antibodies, which start working immediately, could be the better approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adverse events occurred in 20% of those who received the antibody cocktail and 29% of those who received placebo. None of the antibody cocktail recipients were hospitalized, but four volunteers in the placebo group were. Injection site reactions occurred in 4% of those who received the antibody and 2% of those who received placebo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regeneron said 35% of study volunteers were Latinx and 5% were Black. About a third had at least one risk factor that would put them at high risk if they developed COVID-19. A third were obese, and 38% were over 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/04/12/regeneron-antibody-cocktail-covid-simple-injection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">R\u003c/span>\u003c/span>egeneron Pharmaceuticals said Monday that a single administration of its monoclonal antibody cocktail reduced the risk that volunteers exposed to COVID-19 would develop the disease by 81%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study enrolled 1,500 healthy volunteers, each of whom shared a home with someone who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and randomized them to receive a single dose of its antibody treatment, given subcutaneously as four shots, or placebo. After 29 days, 11 patients in the treatment group developed COVID-19 compared to 59 on placebo. And for the subjects who got COVID-19 despite treatment, their symptoms resolved after one week, compared to three weeks for those on placebo. In 204 patients who had already tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the study’s outset, the injection reduced their chances of progressing to symptomatic COVID-19 by 31%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were made public in a press release and will be published in a scientific journal or presented at a medical meeting at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those results mirror similar results seen in a study conducted by Eli Lilly of its monoclonal antibody in nursing homes. One key difference: While in previous studies by both Lilly and Regeneron, antibodies had to be given intravenously, in this one Regeneron used a formulation that could be given with an under-the-skin injection. Lilly is also exploring a subcutaneous injection of its antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s “a really, really big deal,” said Myron Cohen, director of the Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases at the University of North Carolina and one of the study’s lead investigators. He said that having to start an IV is “unequivocally” one of the barriers to using the antibodies either for treatment or prevention. The other barrier? Awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order for these antibodies to be used for treatment and prevention and for treatment as prevention, we need the patients or their families familiar with the opportunity,” Cohen said. “We need health providers to be familiar with these drugs and comfortable administering them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And why do we need antibodies when there are already vaccines? Dan Barouch, the director of the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and a key figure in the development of the J&J vaccine and another investigator in Regeneron’s study, said that the approaches are “complementary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As of now, there are still substantial numbers of people who are not fully vaccinated,” Barouch said. What’s more, some people, including those with compromised immune systems, might not generate enough antibodies one their own — and could benefit from antibodies that are injected into their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some circumstances, say, an outbreak at a nursing home, the monoclonal antibodies, which start working immediately, could be the better approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adverse events occurred in 20% of those who received the antibody cocktail and 29% of those who received placebo. None of the antibody cocktail recipients were hospitalized, but four volunteers in the placebo group were. Injection site reactions occurred in 4% of those who received the antibody and 2% of those who received placebo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regeneron said 35% of study volunteers were Latinx and 5% were Black. About a third had at least one risk factor that would put them at high risk if they developed COVID-19. A third were obese, and 38% were over 50.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/04/12/regeneron-antibody-cocktail-covid-simple-injection/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
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