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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\" alt=\"An East Bay MUD conservation program has cut water use by comparing customers with their neighbors. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An East Bay MUD conservation program has cut water use by comparing customers with their neighbors. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The record dry weather means California water districts are ramping up conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a> is encouraging some of its customers to use less by having them compete with their neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10,000 EBMUD customers have been getting personalized reports in the mail over the past year, summarizing their water use and comparing it to the consumption of similar households in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It puts it into a context,” says Richard Harris, water conservation manager at EBMUD. “Like: for similar households with three-to-four people and with a [property] lot of this size in this zip code, this is how you compare. It creates an awareness of a benchmark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The comparison is done anonymously – no neighbors are outed by name — but Harris says the small dose of peer pressure seems to work. An \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterfoundation.org/uploads/1389391749-Watersmart_evaluation_report_FINAL_12-12-13%2800238356%29.pdf\">independent review\u003c/a> of the program found customers who got the information cut their water use by five percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/hwr-anon-ebmud-code-791x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/hwr-anon-ebmud-code-791x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge - example of WaterSmart's statements for EBMUD customers.\" width=\"324\" height=\"417\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge – example of WaterSmart’s statements for EBMUD customers.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were targeting two percent,” says Harris. “So five percent is a pretty good savings rate. Compare that to conservation incentives where you’re enticing someone to buy something. If you can do it through behavioral science, it’s much more cost-effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports also make personalized recommendations for conservation measures. EBMUD found that customers getting the peer reports were twice as likely to participate in conservation programs, compared to other average customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program was run by San Francisco start-up \u003ca href=\"http://www.watersmartsoftware.com/\">WaterSmart Software\u003c/a>. It’s similar to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">what companies like Opower have done\u003c/a> with electricity consumption through “social norms” programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Peer pressure turns out to be the major motivator in changing behavior,” says WaterSmart Software CEO Peter Yolles. “Eight of ten people are more likely to change behavior based on social comparison than they are through saving money or saving the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolles says in these programs, about one-third of the reduction in water consumption comes from home retrofits, like low-flow faucets or toilets. Two-thirds comes from behavioral changes, like shifting outdoor watering habits. WaterSmart is also working on projects in Davis and Newport Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”aee988b64727bfb1fb39cd7ce0a8fcac”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s new in my perspective and it’s gaining some traction,” says Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts are looking for new conservation techniques in light of California’s plan to cut per-capita water use 20 percent statewide by 2020 – and because of the current drought. 2013 was the driest year on record in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all feeling that,” says Harris. “As we get through the spring, we’ll see what happens in February and March. If it stays dry, we’ll likely have to enhance conservation measures and we’ll know then if we have to take additional actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD is currently considering expanding the pilot program to more customers.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13037\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\" alt=\"An East Bay MUD conservation program has cut water use by comparing customers with their neighbors. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An East Bay MUD conservation program has cut water use by comparing customers with their neighbors. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The record dry weather means California water districts are ramping up conservation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/\">East Bay Municipal Utility District\u003c/a> is encouraging some of its customers to use less by having them compete with their neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10,000 EBMUD customers have been getting personalized reports in the mail over the past year, summarizing their water use and comparing it to the consumption of similar households in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It puts it into a context,” says Richard Harris, water conservation manager at EBMUD. “Like: for similar households with three-to-four people and with a [property] lot of this size in this zip code, this is how you compare. It creates an awareness of a benchmark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The comparison is done anonymously – no neighbors are outed by name — but Harris says the small dose of peer pressure seems to work. An \u003ca href=\"http://californiawaterfoundation.org/uploads/1389391749-Watersmart_evaluation_report_FINAL_12-12-13%2800238356%29.pdf\">independent review\u003c/a> of the program found customers who got the information cut their water use by five percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/hwr-anon-ebmud-code-791x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-13041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/hwr-anon-ebmud-code-791x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge - example of WaterSmart's statements for EBMUD customers.\" width=\"324\" height=\"417\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge – example of WaterSmart’s statements for EBMUD customers.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were targeting two percent,” says Harris. “So five percent is a pretty good savings rate. Compare that to conservation incentives where you’re enticing someone to buy something. If you can do it through behavioral science, it’s much more cost-effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reports also make personalized recommendations for conservation measures. EBMUD found that customers getting the peer reports were twice as likely to participate in conservation programs, compared to other average customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program was run by San Francisco start-up \u003ca href=\"http://www.watersmartsoftware.com/\">WaterSmart Software\u003c/a>. It’s similar to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/07/what-makes-us-conserve-energy-6-lessons-from-the-smart-grid/\">what companies like Opower have done\u003c/a> with electricity consumption through “social norms” programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Peer pressure turns out to be the major motivator in changing behavior,” says WaterSmart Software CEO Peter Yolles. “Eight of ten people are more likely to change behavior based on social comparison than they are through saving money or saving the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolles says in these programs, about one-third of the reduction in water consumption comes from home retrofits, like low-flow faucets or toilets. Two-thirds comes from behavioral changes, like shifting outdoor watering habits. WaterSmart is also working on projects in Davis and Newport Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s new in my perspective and it’s gaining some traction,” says Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts are looking for new conservation techniques in light of California’s plan to cut per-capita water use 20 percent statewide by 2020 – and because of the current drought. 2013 was the driest year on record in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all feeling that,” says Harris. “As we get through the spring, we’ll see what happens in February and March. If it stays dry, we’ll likely have to enhance conservation measures and we’ll know then if we have to take additional actions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD is currently considering expanding the pilot program to more customers.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access",
"headTitle": "Silicon Valley Billionaire Battles Surfers Over Beach Access | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/01/20140113science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12935\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\" alt=\"Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, was once a hidden gem of the San Mateo County coastline, known to just a handful of local surfers and people who rented cottages along the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”61b860e0cb4ab6cf8dfc83ea28432088″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those days are over. The small beach has become ground zero for a protracted legal battle between locals and one Silicon Valley billionaire who would like to keep the public out.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFor locals, “a little Yosemite”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on a windy gray day, Martins Beach is perfect. About a quarter mile long, the beach is hidden from Highway 1, accessible by a winding road that passes through a small community of modest beach houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the south end of the beach, cliffs jut up from the ocean; at the north, waves crash against a massive rock formation shaped like a shark fin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think John Muir would roll over in his grave if he thought we’d be losing access to this completely unique spot,” says Mike Wallace, who coaches the surf team at the local high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12938\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12938 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting the beach's former owners. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"266\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting a former cabin-owner. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His daughter caught her first wave off of Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of us, it feels like a little Yosemite of the coast,” Wallace says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heart of the battle is not on this beach, lovely as it may be. All California beaches are public — that is, from the ocean up to the high water line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real heart of the battle is the road that leads to the beach. Because other than a boat, there is only one way to get here: the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turn from Highway 1 can be hard to find. A large sign that once beckoned visitors to Martins Beach is now painted black. This particularly galls Wallace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, out of sight, out of mind. Paint the sign black and all of a sudden the public loses interest and it falls off the map. We don’t want it to fall off the map.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sold to an unnamed buyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, the property was sold for $37.5 million to a private owner. The sign was painted and a gate went up, saying, “Private property. Keep out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\" alt=\"Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O'Reilly Media, Inc.)\" width=\"270\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O’Reilly Media, Inc.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Initially, Wallace and other regulars weren’t sure who the new owners were. The legal documents cited an LLC called, simply, Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eventually, they figured it out. The new owner of Martins Beach was Vinod Khosla, the Silicon Valley billionaire investor best known for his investments in clean tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what’s gotten this case so much press is that Khosla isn’t the type of person you’d expect to find in a show-down with environmentalists, such as Mark Massara, a long-time surfer and attorney on one of four lawsuits filed so far over Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even for billionaires with a solid track record of conservation efforts, taking coastal property and trying to privatize it… people are generally not willing to allow that to happen,” says Massara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara and others argue that the road to Martins Beach has been used by the public for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous owners, the Deeney family, charged a $10 fee to people who wanted to park their cars there. There are public bathrooms at the beach and a café, now closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, in other words, a longtime precedent of public access at Martins Beach, says Massara, even though the property does not contain an easement requiring public access on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12997\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12997 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\" alt=\"Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco's Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"260\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco’s Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The courts haven’t always agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, a county judge ruled that Khosla can keep the public from walking or driving to the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the beach contained no easement when it was acquired through a 19th-century Mexican land grant, San Mateo County Superior Court Judge Gerald Buchwald ruled, the property is not subject to the state’s constitutional laws regarding public access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara says that precedent could imperil public access up and down California’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Setting a precedent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake,” Massara says, “if it stands in this case, it’ll inspire other efforts by other wealthy individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision is likely to be appealed. Meanwhile, Massara, along with the Surfrider Foundation, has filed another lawsuit, which may go to court this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A David and Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Surfrider suit contends that Khosla is required to seek permits from the California Coastal Commission for any improvements to the property. That includes several recent changes: the gate at the top of the road, road maintenance and an emergency seawall constructed on the beach this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly dull and technical point – building permits – may turn out to be the true arena for the Martins Beach battle, particularly if the investor plans to remove the cottages when their leases expire in 2021 and build a private residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12937\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\" alt=\"The beach's former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The beach’s former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it as a David-and-Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork, between a billionaire and the chronically-unfunded agency in charge of issuing these permits, the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A state agency intent on public access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We couldn’t get a comment from Khosla for this story. His office in Menlo Park forwarded our request to his lawyers, who declined to answer questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, staff members at the Coastal Commission say they’ve tried to negotiate with the owner from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked them if they wanted to resolve it. In fact, we met with the owner’s attorneys,” says Nancy Cave, a district manager for the North Central Division of the California Coastal Commission, which has fought to establish public access to California beaches since its founding in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n“They showed no interest in resolving. They only wanted to litigate.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nancy Cave and her staff want to keep Martins Beach open to the public. Khosla will need permits from the Commission if he wants to do almost anything on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Cave thought, maybe they could strike a deal. She was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They showed no interest in resolving,” says Cave. “They only wanted to litigate. They wanted us to act so they could litigate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two separate lawsuits, Khosla’s attorneys have argued that developing the property will not require permits from the Coastal Commission. Both suits have been dismissed, the second by Khosla’s attorneys themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara believes this drawn-out litigation plays to Khosla’s strength: a personal fortune that far exceeds the Commission’s annual budget of $16 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steeling for a fight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission staff members say they’re well used to taking on affluent land owners, most famously, David Geffen, who tried (and failed) to keep the public from accessing a path near his Malibu Beach estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking to Cave and her colleagues, you get the sense they’re steeling themselves for a drawn-out fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\" alt=\"Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re pretty used to litigating against deep pockets,” says Alex Helperin, senior staff counsel for the Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been in litigation with a lot of wealthy adversaries,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does that stop us from doing our work?” says Nancy Cave, “No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of the permits on the Martins Beach property — for an emergency seawall built recently to prevent erosion – is due this month.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A small beach in Half Moon Bay has become ground zero for a drawn-out legal battle between locals and one Silicon Valley billionaire who would like to keep the public out.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12935\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pelicanrock_scale-e1389396164850.jpg\" alt=\"Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pelican Rock marks the northern end of Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Martins Beach, three miles south of Half Moon Bay, was once a hidden gem of the San Mateo County coastline, known to just a handful of local surfers and people who rented cottages along the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those days are over. The small beach has become ground zero for a protracted legal battle between locals and one Silicon Valley billionaire who would like to keep the public out.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nFor locals, “a little Yosemite”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on a windy gray day, Martins Beach is perfect. About a quarter mile long, the beach is hidden from Highway 1, accessible by a winding road that passes through a small community of modest beach houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the south end of the beach, cliffs jut up from the ocean; at the north, waves crash against a massive rock formation shaped like a shark fin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think John Muir would roll over in his grave if he thought we’d be losing access to this completely unique spot,” says Mike Wallace, who coaches the surf team at the local high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12938\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12938 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MW_scale-e1389396343762.jpg\" alt=\"Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting the beach's former owners. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"266\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mike Wallace used to bring his high school surf team to practice at Martins Beach. Here, he stands next to a mural depicting a former cabin-owner. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His daughter caught her first wave off of Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of us, it feels like a little Yosemite of the coast,” Wallace says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heart of the battle is not on this beach, lovely as it may be. All California beaches are public — that is, from the ocean up to the high water line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real heart of the battle is the road that leads to the beach. Because other than a boat, there is only one way to get here: the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turn from Highway 1 can be hard to find. A large sign that once beckoned visitors to Martins Beach is now painted black. This particularly galls Wallace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, out of sight, out of mind. Paint the sign black and all of a sudden the public loses interest and it falls off the map. We don’t want it to fall off the map.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sold to an unnamed buyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, the property was sold for $37.5 million to a private owner. The sign was painted and a gate went up, saying, “Private property. Keep out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12934\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12934 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/khosla_duncan_scale.jpg\" alt=\"Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O'Reilly Media, Inc.)\" width=\"270\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley investor Vinod Khosla is the new owner of Martins Beach. (James Duncan Davidson/O’Reilly Media, Inc.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Initially, Wallace and other regulars weren’t sure who the new owners were. The legal documents cited an LLC called, simply, Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But eventually, they figured it out. The new owner of Martins Beach was Vinod Khosla, the Silicon Valley billionaire investor best known for his investments in clean tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of what’s gotten this case so much press is that Khosla isn’t the type of person you’d expect to find in a show-down with environmentalists, such as Mark Massara, a long-time surfer and attorney on one of four lawsuits filed so far over Martins Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even for billionaires with a solid track record of conservation efforts, taking coastal property and trying to privatize it… people are generally not willing to allow that to happen,” says Massara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara and others argue that the road to Martins Beach has been used by the public for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous owners, the Deeney family, charged a $10 fee to people who wanted to park their cars there. There are public bathrooms at the beach and a café, now closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, in other words, a longtime precedent of public access at Martins Beach, says Massara, even though the property does not contain an easement requiring public access on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12997\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12997 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/MM_Sclae-21.jpg\" alt=\"Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco's Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"260\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surfer and environmental attorney Mark Massara at home near San Francisco’s Ocean Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The courts haven’t always agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, a county judge ruled that Khosla can keep the public from walking or driving to the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the beach contained no easement when it was acquired through a 19th-century Mexican land grant, San Mateo County Superior Court Judge Gerald Buchwald ruled, the property is not subject to the state’s constitutional laws regarding public access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara says that precedent could imperil public access up and down California’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Setting a precedent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake,” Massara says, “if it stands in this case, it’ll inspire other efforts by other wealthy individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision is likely to be appealed. Meanwhile, Massara, along with the Surfrider Foundation, has filed another lawsuit, which may go to court this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A David and Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Surfrider suit contends that Khosla is required to seek permits from the California Coastal Commission for any improvements to the property. That includes several recent changes: the gate at the top of the road, road maintenance and an emergency seawall constructed on the beach this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly dull and technical point – building permits – may turn out to be the true arena for the Martins Beach battle, particularly if the investor plans to remove the cottages when their leases expire in 2021 and build a private residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12937\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/cafe_scale1-e1389398208404.jpg\" alt=\"The beach's former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The beach’s former owners, the Deeney family, ran a cafe on Martins Beach. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it as a David-and-Goliath battle waged entirely in paperwork, between a billionaire and the chronically-unfunded agency in charge of issuing these permits, the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A state agency intent on public access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We couldn’t get a comment from Khosla for this story. His office in Menlo Park forwarded our request to his lawyers, who declined to answer questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, staff members at the Coastal Commission say they’ve tried to negotiate with the owner from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked them if they wanted to resolve it. In fact, we met with the owner’s attorneys,” says Nancy Cave, a district manager for the North Central Division of the California Coastal Commission, which has fought to establish public access to California beaches since its founding in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n“They showed no interest in resolving. They only wanted to litigate.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nancy Cave and her staff want to keep Martins Beach open to the public. Khosla will need permits from the Commission if he wants to do almost anything on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Cave thought, maybe they could strike a deal. She was wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They showed no interest in resolving,” says Cave. “They only wanted to litigate. They wanted us to act so they could litigate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In two separate lawsuits, Khosla’s attorneys have argued that developing the property will not require permits from the Coastal Commission. Both suits have been dismissed, the second by Khosla’s attorneys themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massara believes this drawn-out litigation plays to Khosla’s strength: a personal fortune that far exceeds the Commission’s annual budget of $16 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Steeling for a fight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission staff members say they’re well used to taking on affluent land owners, most famously, David Geffen, who tried (and failed) to keep the public from accessing a path near his Malibu Beach estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talking to Cave and her colleagues, you get the sense they’re steeling themselves for a drawn-out fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12954\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12954\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/P1140220-e1389398089205.jpg\" alt=\"Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Martins Beach is home to the residents of about 45 small beach houses, all of whose leases expire in 2021. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re pretty used to litigating against deep pockets,” says Alex Helperin, senior staff counsel for the Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been in litigation with a lot of wealthy adversaries,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does that stop us from doing our work?” says Nancy Cave, “No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of the permits on the Martins Beach property — for an emergency seawall built recently to prevent erosion – is due this month.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pittsburgoilprotest.jpg\" alt=\"About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The East Bay city of Pittsburg is considering a new oil terminal, which would supply crude to Bay Area refineries. Some residents are hoping to stop the plan in its tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terminal would bring in oil via ship, pipeline and railroad. At maximum capacity, it could handle 375,000 barrels of crude a day. Local residents are concerned about the effects it would have on air and water quality, and — in light of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/regulators-face-growing-pressure-after-oil-by-rail-accidents-20140109\">a number of recent accidents\u003c/a> outside California — the safety of transporting crude oil by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally on Saturday, about 150 people gathered to protest the project, proposed by an Irvine-based energy company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.wespac.com/index01.html\">WesPac\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got kids, we got grandkids, nieces and nephews and young people like myself who grew up here all our lives,” said Quincy Kaisa, president of the Pittsburg Ethics Council, a group formed to fight the oil terminal. “We hope to better the future of Pittsburg, but we can’t do that if WesPac is polluting our air and our water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7aba884b2c7b476e2da12e3cd59fb67d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WesPac is proposing to re-open a marine terminal and oil storage facility that used to belong to PG&E. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pittsburgterminalproject.com/projectoverview.htm\">The company’s plan\u003c/a> is to update the existing infrastructure and to build a new rail terminal nearby, on property that would be leased from BNSF Railway Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our project is going to be completely silent and odorless and the safest facility in the country for this type of business,” said WesPac project manager Art Diefenbach. “And it’s consistent with the types of operations that are going on in that area already.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refineries here in the Bay Area have traditionally taken in crude via pipeline, from Southern California, or by ship, from Alaska or overseas. But California’s oil fields are producing less, while there’s a boom in the central part of the country, in places like North Dakota’s Bakken formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are eager to get access to the lower-cost crude, and the way to get that crude oil to refineries on the West Coast is by rail. Valero, in Benicia, is looking to build \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">its own rail facility\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/2014/01/10/4742631/california-expects-more-crude.html\">other projects in the table\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after a series of derailments and explosions, transporting crude oil by rail — especially from the Bakken Shale in North Dakota — is coming under closer scrutiny. \u003ca href=\"http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/portal/site/PHMSA/menuitem.ebdc7a8a7e39f2e55cf2031050248a0c/?vgnextoid=c6efec1c60f23410VgnVCM100000d2c97898RCRD&vgnextchannel=d248724dd7d6c010VgnVCM10000080e8a8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=print\">Federal agencies are investigating\u003c/a> the risks of transporting Bakken crude by rail. And Governor Jerry Brown proposed boosting the funding for California’s oil spill response program in his \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/pdf/BudgetSummary/NaturalResources.pdf\">budget proposal\u003c/a>, citing the expected increase of oil shipments by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">Pittsburg is preparing an environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the WesPac project. That’s expected to be completed sometime this month, after which the planning department and city council will decide whether it can go forward.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13016\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/pittsburgoilprotest.jpg\" alt=\"About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 150 people marched to Pittsburg city hall on Saturday, protesting a proposed oil terminal. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The East Bay city of Pittsburg is considering a new oil terminal, which would supply crude to Bay Area refineries. Some residents are hoping to stop the plan in its tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terminal would bring in oil via ship, pipeline and railroad. At maximum capacity, it could handle 375,000 barrels of crude a day. Local residents are concerned about the effects it would have on air and water quality, and — in light of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationaljournal.com/energy/regulators-face-growing-pressure-after-oil-by-rail-accidents-20140109\">a number of recent accidents\u003c/a> outside California — the safety of transporting crude oil by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally on Saturday, about 150 people gathered to protest the project, proposed by an Irvine-based energy company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.wespac.com/index01.html\">WesPac\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got kids, we got grandkids, nieces and nephews and young people like myself who grew up here all our lives,” said Quincy Kaisa, president of the Pittsburg Ethics Council, a group formed to fight the oil terminal. “We hope to better the future of Pittsburg, but we can’t do that if WesPac is polluting our air and our water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WesPac is proposing to re-open a marine terminal and oil storage facility that used to belong to PG&E. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pittsburgterminalproject.com/projectoverview.htm\">The company’s plan\u003c/a> is to update the existing infrastructure and to build a new rail terminal nearby, on property that would be leased from BNSF Railway Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our project is going to be completely silent and odorless and the safest facility in the country for this type of business,” said WesPac project manager Art Diefenbach. “And it’s consistent with the types of operations that are going on in that area already.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refineries here in the Bay Area have traditionally taken in crude via pipeline, from Southern California, or by ship, from Alaska or overseas. But California’s oil fields are producing less, while there’s a boom in the central part of the country, in places like North Dakota’s Bakken formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies are eager to get access to the lower-cost crude, and the way to get that crude oil to refineries on the West Coast is by rail. Valero, in Benicia, is looking to build \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">its own rail facility\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/2014/01/10/4742631/california-expects-more-crude.html\">other projects in the table\u003c/a> in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after a series of derailments and explosions, transporting crude oil by rail — especially from the Bakken Shale in North Dakota — is coming under closer scrutiny. \u003ca href=\"http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/portal/site/PHMSA/menuitem.ebdc7a8a7e39f2e55cf2031050248a0c/?vgnextoid=c6efec1c60f23410VgnVCM100000d2c97898RCRD&vgnextchannel=d248724dd7d6c010VgnVCM10000080e8a8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=print\">Federal agencies are investigating\u003c/a> the risks of transporting Bakken crude by rail. And Governor Jerry Brown proposed boosting the funding for California’s oil spill response program in his \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/pdf/BudgetSummary/NaturalResources.pdf\">budget proposal\u003c/a>, citing the expected increase of oil shipments by rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pittsburg.ca.us/index.aspx?page=700\">Pittsburg is preparing an environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the WesPac project. That’s expected to be completed sometime this month, after which the planning department and city council will decide whether it can go forward.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Governor's Budget Plan Getting High Marks from Environmentalists",
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"content": "\u003cp>Environmental groups are generally lauding \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget\u003c/a>, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state’s carbon auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/14/five-reasons-you-should-care-about-california%E2%80%99s-cap-and-trade-carbon-market/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> charges companies for the right to pollute. Fees are then supposed to be used for programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions and to shield consumers from any hikes in their electric bill caused by the regulation. Brown’s budget proposes how to spend $850 million from the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12899\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/capandtradebudget.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: Governor's Full Budget Summary)\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Source: Governor’s Full Budget Summary)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the revenue is required to go towards helping environmentally disadvantaged areas, with one tenth invested within those communities.[contextly_sidebar id=”981f6f2762c3416bfb4ebc29109a638d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most vulnerable to climate change are those who are low-income and communities of color,” said Mari Rose Taruc with the \u003ca href=\"http://apen4ej.org/\">Asian Pacific Environmental Network\u003c/a>. “A few of the priority investment areas include energy efficiency for low-income homes. It includes affordable transit-oriented development as part of a broader sustainable communities strategy, as well as urban forestry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the governor outraged environmentalists by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/enviros-livid-as-brown-diverts-cap-and-trade-funds/\">“borrowing” cap-and-trade revenues\u003c/a> to balance the general fund. This year’s budget includes $100 million being repaid from that loan, plus $750 million in expected revenue from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall budget picture is rosier than in years past, as KQED’s Sacramento bureau chief \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/happy-days-are-here-again-brown-unveils-106-billion-budget-draft/\">Scott Detrow explains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Brace yourself, Californians: There’s no state budget crisis this year. Repeat: \u003cem>No crisis. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown didn’t actually say those exact words this morning as he unveiled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/BudgetSummary/BSS/BSS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his spending plan\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year, but he did sound a rare note of budget optimism. “For this year, there is very good news,” Brown said. “Good news in the fiscal stability and resources available for the state of California.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Other environmental budget items include $785,000 for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65 reform\u003c/a>; $655 million for state parks, including $40 million to catch up on deferred maintenance; $6.7 million for oil spill prevention and response, with an eye toward the expected increase in shipments of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/04/tank-battle-activists-take-aim-at-bay-area-crude-projects/\">crude oil by rail\u003c/a>; and $618 million for water-related spending, including conservation, infrastructure, flood prevention, drinking water and habitat restoration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked in a press conference this morning about more immediate water concerns in this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/\">very dry year\u003c/a>, Brown said he’ll do everything “humanly possible” to address water resources, but added, “Governors can’t make it rain.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmental groups are generally lauding \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\">Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget\u003c/a>, which includes an outline for spending revenue from the state’s carbon auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/11/14/five-reasons-you-should-care-about-california%E2%80%99s-cap-and-trade-carbon-market/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> charges companies for the right to pollute. Fees are then supposed to be used for programs aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions and to shield consumers from any hikes in their electric bill caused by the regulation. Brown’s budget proposes how to spend $850 million from the program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12899\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/capandtradebudget.jpg\" alt=\"(Source: Governor's Full Budget Summary)\" width=\"640\" height=\"429\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Source: Governor’s Full Budget Summary)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A quarter of the revenue is required to go towards helping environmentally disadvantaged areas, with one tenth invested within those communities.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most vulnerable to climate change are those who are low-income and communities of color,” said Mari Rose Taruc with the \u003ca href=\"http://apen4ej.org/\">Asian Pacific Environmental Network\u003c/a>. “A few of the priority investment areas include energy efficiency for low-income homes. It includes affordable transit-oriented development as part of a broader sustainable communities strategy, as well as urban forestry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the governor outraged environmentalists by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/enviros-livid-as-brown-diverts-cap-and-trade-funds/\">“borrowing” cap-and-trade revenues\u003c/a> to balance the general fund. This year’s budget includes $100 million being repaid from that loan, plus $750 million in expected revenue from the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall budget picture is rosier than in years past, as KQED’s Sacramento bureau chief \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/09/happy-days-are-here-again-brown-unveils-106-billion-budget-draft/\">Scott Detrow explains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Brace yourself, Californians: There’s no state budget crisis this year. Repeat: \u003cem>No crisis. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown didn’t actually say those exact words this morning as he unveiled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2014-15/BudgetSummary/BSS/BSS.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his spending plan\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year, but he did sound a rare note of budget optimism. “For this year, there is very good news,” Brown said. “Good news in the fiscal stability and resources available for the state of California.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Other environmental budget items include $785,000 for \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65 reform\u003c/a>; $655 million for state parks, including $40 million to catch up on deferred maintenance; $6.7 million for oil spill prevention and response, with an eye toward the expected increase in shipments of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/04/tank-battle-activists-take-aim-at-bay-area-crude-projects/\">crude oil by rail\u003c/a>; and $618 million for water-related spending, including conservation, infrastructure, flood prevention, drinking water and habitat restoration\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked in a press conference this morning about more immediate water concerns in this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/\">very dry year\u003c/a>, Brown said he’ll do everything “humanly possible” to address water resources, but added, “Governors can’t make it rain.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ford Motor company is trying to be the first on the road with a solar-powered car for everyday use. The company is unveiling its concept model at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesweb.org/\">Consumer Electronics Show\u003c/a> in Las Vegas this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12749\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/C-MAXSolarEnergi_10.jpg\" alt=\"C-MAXSolarEnergi_10\" width=\"640\" height=\"377\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford has taken its\u003ca href=\"http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/trim/energi/\"> C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid\u003c/a>, a gas and electric powered car, and lined its rooftop with solar panels provided by San Jose-based \u003ca href=\"http://us.sunpower.com/\">SunPower\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 300 watts of energy the rooftop solar panels generate are not nearly enough for a full day’s charge, but the company has tried to solve that problem by building a solar-charging carport. “When you park that car under a concentrator, basically a magnifying glass,” Ford’s Mike Tinskey says, “we can actually, in six hours, get a full 21 miles of range on that vehicle and that’s the part we are really excited about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using 19th century technology to harness the sun\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear what you would do during those six hours that the car is charging. Most electric car drivers charge at home, at night, when electricity is cheapest. Ford’s solar-charging carports would need to be in a very sunny place. But what’s kind of cool about Ford’s large magnifying glass thingy, is that the company is using a 19th century technology, a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens\">Fresnel lens\u003c/a>, to harness the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were invented a long time ago for lighthouse use to take a single light and make it visible for a long distance. So we are using that same concept that was invented back in the 1800s to magnify the sun on top of our vehicle,” says Tinskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you are saying, “Hey, what about the fact that the sun moves during the day,” well, good question and Ford has tried to address that. You can see their special solar-charging canopy and tracking system in this video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvEhtqcbJ4U?rel=0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>100 miles per gallon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like other plug-in electric hybrids, after the battery runs out of fuel, in this case, solar energy, Ford’s solar concept car can then switch over and run on gasoline. Ford says the car can get 100 miles per gallon in city and highway driving combined. That’s more than enough to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions and be eligible for the HOV (carpool) lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this concept car may never make it to mass production — the company would have to build an entire infrastructure of solar-charging carports — some of the technology could end up in a solar-powered car in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ford Motor company is trying to be the first on the road with a solar-powered car for everyday use. The company is unveiling its concept model at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesweb.org/\">Consumer Electronics Show\u003c/a> in Las Vegas this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12749\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/C-MAXSolarEnergi_10.jpg\" alt=\"C-MAXSolarEnergi_10\" width=\"640\" height=\"377\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford has taken its\u003ca href=\"http://www.ford.com/cars/cmax/trim/energi/\"> C-MAX Energi plug-in hybrid\u003c/a>, a gas and electric powered car, and lined its rooftop with solar panels provided by San Jose-based \u003ca href=\"http://us.sunpower.com/\">SunPower\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 300 watts of energy the rooftop solar panels generate are not nearly enough for a full day’s charge, but the company has tried to solve that problem by building a solar-charging carport. “When you park that car under a concentrator, basically a magnifying glass,” Ford’s Mike Tinskey says, “we can actually, in six hours, get a full 21 miles of range on that vehicle and that’s the part we are really excited about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using 19th century technology to harness the sun\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear what you would do during those six hours that the car is charging. Most electric car drivers charge at home, at night, when electricity is cheapest. Ford’s solar-charging carports would need to be in a very sunny place. But what’s kind of cool about Ford’s large magnifying glass thingy, is that the company is using a 19th century technology, a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_lens\">Fresnel lens\u003c/a>, to harness the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were invented a long time ago for lighthouse use to take a single light and make it visible for a long distance. So we are using that same concept that was invented back in the 1800s to magnify the sun on top of our vehicle,” says Tinskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you are saying, “Hey, what about the fact that the sun moves during the day,” well, good question and Ford has tried to address that. You can see their special solar-charging canopy and tracking system in this video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvEhtqcbJ4U?rel=0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>100 miles per gallon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just like other plug-in electric hybrids, after the battery runs out of fuel, in this case, solar energy, Ford’s solar concept car can then switch over and run on gasoline. Ford says the car can get 100 miles per gallon in city and highway driving combined. That’s more than enough to cut down on greenhouse gas emissions and be eligible for the HOV (carpool) lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this concept car may never make it to mass production — the company would have to build an entire infrastructure of solar-charging carports — some of the technology could end up in a solar-powered car in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Most biodiversity news is bad news. Climate change, development and resource extraction threaten plants and animals around the world. But scientists are still discovering species, too. Finding and describing species new to science isn’t just something Charles Darwin did. Scientists at Bay Area institutions are discovering plants and animals all over the world, including some right here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Limenandra-barnosii.jpg\" alt=\"Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences) \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You would think, of course, we’ve done our homework and we’ve already charted our own biosphere, our own map of life on the planet,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/bfisher/\">Brian Fisher\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences. While there’s a lot of attention focused on the search for life on other planets, he said, there’s still a lot still to discover here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Fisher published descriptions of 38 new species of ants in Madagascar. Over the course of his career, he’s described 256 ant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just discovering something esoteric like an ant,” he said. “It’s actually really trying to understand how ecosystems work, how they’re put together and really, it’s about our long-term sustainability. How are we, as humans, going to maintain clean water, clean environments and this relationship with biodiversity?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These new-to-science species aren’t all in far-away Madagascar. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/wakelab.htm\">David Wake\u003c/a>, a curator of herpetology at Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at UC Berkeley, named two new species of salamanders that live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thrill. You never get over it,” he said, of finding a new species. “You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California discoveries in 2013 include \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/09/17/four-new-species-of-legless-lizards-discovered-living-on-the-edge/\">four species of legless lizard\u003c/a>, described by Theodore Papenfuss, also of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Berkeley scientists also turned up two new California fungi, one of them on the Berkeley campus. And they found two new flowering plants, one in Contra Costa County, the other in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of taxonomy focuses on naming and categorizing new species, but scientists also work to make sure the the existing family trees are arranged correctly. “We sometimes discover that species described in the past have been wrongly classified when they actually represent an entire group of organisms new to science,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/hickmanc\">Carole Hickman\u003c/a>, a professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she described a new family of marine gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s documenting extinct species. CalAcademy scientists described two extinct sand dollars. And Jeffrey Benca, a grad student at University of California’s Museum of Paleontology, is in the process of publishing a paper about an extinct plant from the Devonian period. Studying that plant, which is related to current-day club mosses, and its relatives “may lead to a better understanding of where the continents were positioned when our distant ancestors, early tetrapods — lobe-finned fishes and amphibians — invaded land,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of species discovered by scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences in 2013 also includes, among many others, a caecilian in the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (a caecilian is a snake-shaped amphibian), a dwarf gecko from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique, barnacles in the Gulf of Guinea, corals and sea fans in the Pacific, and an Ethiopian mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of science, you \u003ca href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/3895-there-is-grandeur-in-this-view-of-life-with-its\">endless forms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most biodiversity news is bad news. Climate change, development and resource extraction threaten plants and animals around the world. But scientists are still discovering species, too. Finding and describing species new to science isn’t just something Charles Darwin did. Scientists at Bay Area institutions are discovering plants and animals all over the world, including some right here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Limenandra-barnosii.jpg\" alt=\"Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences) \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You would think, of course, we’ve done our homework and we’ve already charted our own biosphere, our own map of life on the planet,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/bfisher/\">Brian Fisher\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences. While there’s a lot of attention focused on the search for life on other planets, he said, there’s still a lot still to discover here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Fisher published descriptions of 38 new species of ants in Madagascar. Over the course of his career, he’s described 256 ant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just discovering something esoteric like an ant,” he said. “It’s actually really trying to understand how ecosystems work, how they’re put together and really, it’s about our long-term sustainability. How are we, as humans, going to maintain clean water, clean environments and this relationship with biodiversity?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These new-to-science species aren’t all in far-away Madagascar. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/wakelab.htm\">David Wake\u003c/a>, a curator of herpetology at Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at UC Berkeley, named two new species of salamanders that live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thrill. You never get over it,” he said, of finding a new species. “You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California discoveries in 2013 include \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/09/17/four-new-species-of-legless-lizards-discovered-living-on-the-edge/\">four species of legless lizard\u003c/a>, described by Theodore Papenfuss, also of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Berkeley scientists also turned up two new California fungi, one of them on the Berkeley campus. And they found two new flowering plants, one in Contra Costa County, the other in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of taxonomy focuses on naming and categorizing new species, but scientists also work to make sure the the existing family trees are arranged correctly. “We sometimes discover that species described in the past have been wrongly classified when they actually represent an entire group of organisms new to science,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/hickmanc\">Carole Hickman\u003c/a>, a professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she described a new family of marine gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s documenting extinct species. CalAcademy scientists described two extinct sand dollars. And Jeffrey Benca, a grad student at University of California’s Museum of Paleontology, is in the process of publishing a paper about an extinct plant from the Devonian period. Studying that plant, which is related to current-day club mosses, and its relatives “may lead to a better understanding of where the continents were positioned when our distant ancestors, early tetrapods — lobe-finned fishes and amphibians — invaded land,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of species discovered by scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences in 2013 also includes, among many others, a caecilian in the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (a caecilian is a snake-shaped amphibian), a dwarf gecko from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique, barnacles in the Gulf of Guinea, corals and sea fans in the Pacific, and an Ethiopian mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of science, you \u003ca href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/3895-there-is-grandeur-in-this-view-of-life-with-its\">endless forms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/FolsomLk_Brekke_1401.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12775\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12775\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/FolsomLk_Brekke_1401.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels leave much of Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, as a mud flat. (Dan Brekke)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Folsom Lake, a key reservoir on the American River, east of Sacramento, was at just 18 percent of capacity and 37 percent of “normal” as the new year began. (Dan Brekke)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t quite the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17887572\">millennium drought\u003c/a>” that desiccated Australia for nearly a decade. But for many parts of California, 2013 was the driest year on the books. After above-average rain and snow in November and December of 2012, the tap suddenly shut off just as the calendar turned over to 2013, and there’s been \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_24793713/bay-area-christmas-one-warmest-ever-no-end?source=email\">little-to-nothing since\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”465156cb80e4a3a64f79eca65dcd6813″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5.59 inches that had fallen on San Francisco by New Year’s Eve shattered the previous dry mark of nine inches, set in 1917.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended dry spell had water authorities and farmers on alert as early as November, when the state’s Department of Water Resources (DWR) issued its lowest-ever estimate for water deliveries from the State Water Project: five percent of what water contractors are asking for. That number is notoriously fluid, starting out on the conservative side and rising with the winter snows. In 2010, the only other year that started with a five-percent projection, officials eventually upped deliveries to 50 percent. But this season’s first official survey of the Sierra snowpack shows statewide water content at a nail-biting 20 percent of normal. Remote sensors from the northern range clocked in at 11 percent, which is a scant four percent of what water managers like to see on April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-range forecasts have not been encouraging. Governor Jerry Brown assembled an interagency drought management task force, which began meeting in late December, and some cities have already \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/12/29/6032646/drought-brings-water-rationing.html\">announced water restrictions\u003c/a> — some voluntary, some not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/carainfall_noaa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12667\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12667\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/CArainfall_NOAA-e1388542888761.jpeg\" alt=\"CArainfall_NOAA\" width=\"640\" height=\"487\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind that about half of California’s precipitation falls in the months of December, January and February,” said Jeanine Jones, a resource manager at DWR, noting that December is already written off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even at the first of the year, we’re not at the halfway point of the rainfall season,” said Jan Null, consulting meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services, adding a note of optimism. “The halfway point of the rainy season is the last week of January.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with most of the wet season still ahead, “Mother Nature can always throw us a curve ball,” as Jones put it. “By the time we have the February snow survey results in hand, that’s really when you make the call about which way the water year is going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first winter snow survey found the Sierra snowpack, which provides about a third of the state’s water supply, at just 20 percent of normal. Kelly Redmond, director and climatologist at the Western Regional Climate Center, says that leaves the state with no wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127779376&color=ff6600&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA’s latest three-month outlook has California’s drought likely to continue through March. The good news? “The NOAA outlooks are only slightly better than the \u003cem>Farmers’ Almanac\u003c/em>,” said Null. “They’re terrible.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/FolsomLk_Brekke_1401.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12775\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12775\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/FolsomLk_Brekke_1401.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels leave much of Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, as a mud flat. (Dan Brekke)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Folsom Lake, a key reservoir on the American River, east of Sacramento, was at just 18 percent of capacity and 37 percent of “normal” as the new year began. (Dan Brekke)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t quite the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17887572\">millennium drought\u003c/a>” that desiccated Australia for nearly a decade. But for many parts of California, 2013 was the driest year on the books. After above-average rain and snow in November and December of 2012, the tap suddenly shut off just as the calendar turned over to 2013, and there’s been \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_24793713/bay-area-christmas-one-warmest-ever-no-end?source=email\">little-to-nothing since\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5.59 inches that had fallen on San Francisco by New Year’s Eve shattered the previous dry mark of nine inches, set in 1917.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended dry spell had water authorities and farmers on alert as early as November, when the state’s Department of Water Resources (DWR) issued its lowest-ever estimate for water deliveries from the State Water Project: five percent of what water contractors are asking for. That number is notoriously fluid, starting out on the conservative side and rising with the winter snows. In 2010, the only other year that started with a five-percent projection, officials eventually upped deliveries to 50 percent. But this season’s first official survey of the Sierra snowpack shows statewide water content at a nail-biting 20 percent of normal. Remote sensors from the northern range clocked in at 11 percent, which is a scant four percent of what water managers like to see on April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-range forecasts have not been encouraging. Governor Jerry Brown assembled an interagency drought management task force, which began meeting in late December, and some cities have already \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/12/29/6032646/drought-brings-water-rationing.html\">announced water restrictions\u003c/a> — some voluntary, some not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/carainfall_noaa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12667\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12667\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/CArainfall_NOAA-e1388542888761.jpeg\" alt=\"CArainfall_NOAA\" width=\"640\" height=\"487\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind that about half of California’s precipitation falls in the months of December, January and February,” said Jeanine Jones, a resource manager at DWR, noting that December is already written off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even at the first of the year, we’re not at the halfway point of the rainfall season,” said Jan Null, consulting meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services, adding a note of optimism. “The halfway point of the rainy season is the last week of January.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with most of the wet season still ahead, “Mother Nature can always throw us a curve ball,” as Jones put it. “By the time we have the February snow survey results in hand, that’s really when you make the call about which way the water year is going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first winter snow survey found the Sierra snowpack, which provides about a third of the state’s water supply, at just 20 percent of normal. Kelly Redmond, director and climatologist at the Western Regional Climate Center, says that leaves the state with no wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127779376&color=ff6600&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA’s latest three-month outlook has California’s drought likely to continue through March. The good news? “The NOAA outlooks are only slightly better than the \u003cem>Farmers’ Almanac\u003c/em>,” said Null. “They’re terrible.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call",
"headTitle": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "2013: Progress, But Long Road Ahead to California Climate Goals",
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"content": "\u003cp>2013 was a pivotal year for California’s efforts to confront the increasingly ominous threats from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s broadest cap-and-trade program for carbon pollution kicked in, and Governor Jerry Brown joined in two \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/28/climate-pact-west-coast-states-bc-vow-to-step-up-attack-on-warming/\">new multi-state pacts\u003c/a> aimed at curbing emissions. But seven years after passing its landmark climate law, California’s journey toward attaining its climate goals has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/traffic.jpg\" alt=\"A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of effort by California policymakers to shrink the state’s carbon footprint, the darnedest thing happened: the economy rebounded from its three-year recession—and \u003ca title=\"Bloomberg - post\" href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-04/california-emissions-climb-in-2012-on-low-nuclear-hydro-supply.html\">so did greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past year, for instance, we’ve begun to see that emissions are rising again,” says Stanley Young with the California Air Resources Board. “But the interesting thing is that they are not rising as fast as the California economy is growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young’s agency is charged with \u003ca title=\"CARB - scoping plan\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\">developing rules\u003c/a> to meet the state’s legislated mandate to cut carbon emissions back to 1990 levels, by 2020. Young is not deterred by the post-recession set-back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will be able to make our 2020 goals,” he said in an interview. “That is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not so clear is what happens after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our best guess is that we are well on our way to meeting the 2020 standard, so the policies that we have in place do seem to be sufficient for that,” says\u003ca title=\"LBNL - Greenblatt\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\"> Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, an energy scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. “But looking to 2030 and beyond, we’re gonna have to do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 80 percent solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt raised some eyebrows in early November when he \u003ca title=\"LBNL - Report\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/57123/estimating-policy-driven-greenh\">published projections\u003c/a> of what it will take to hit California’s long-term goal, set by executive order during the Schwarzenegger years: an 80 percent cut in emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Air Board’s Young sees it, California is on a roll: “We’re seeing far more electric vehicles on the road, for instance. That’s an important part of the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the recent impressive growth of plug-in electric cars, it’s early in the game. California just\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\"> joined with seven other states\u003c/a> in a push to get 3.3 million “zero-emission” vehicles on the road by 2025. Depending on what you count, there are 25 to 30 million registered vehicles on the road right now, just in California—and Greenblatt says 80 to 90 percent would have to be zero-emission (electric or otherwise) to get to that 2050 goal, because transportation accounts for the biggest single chunk of California’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cars are driving around all over the place, so you can’t capture the CO2 from their tailpipes and store it somewhere,” Greenblatt explained in a recent interview. “So it’s very important to be able to shift to a low-carbon energy carrier like electricity or like hydrogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decarbonizing your electrical outlets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, electric cars are only as clean as the juice that powers them. Regulators say the state is on track to hit another key target for 2020: generating one-third of its electrical power from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal. But by Greenblatt’s reckoning, that won’t be enough for the long haul, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially need our electricity system to run without any carbon emissions at all in 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yikes. That’s 100 percent carbon-free electricity. But that daunting assertion doesn’t mean all renewable power, which is good because many experts agree that goal may not be possible. Some have calculated that \u003ca title=\"NPR - story\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/12/02/248230187/slashing-fossil-fuel-consumption-comes-with-a-price\">80 percent renewables\u003c/a> may be technically feasible—but not without a major update to the electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may still need to burn some natural gas and capture its carbon emissions, so they don’t get into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shutdown of Southern California Edison’s San Onofre nuclear power plant near San Diego, utilities have used natural gas to replace the carbon-free nuclear power lost from the grid. That set off alarms with environmental groups, who took to the streets in San Francisco this month, demanding that state regulators require renewable replacement power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An optimist in spite of the numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I would say, I’m an optimist but I don’t think this is gonna happen without a lot of trial and challenge, says Greenblatt, who expressed concern that his report was misconstrued in news accounts when it came out in November. He says it’s not that we can’t get to the 2050 goals. It’s that we won’t get there unless we step up our game—even beyond the aggressive policies the state has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why this year, the Air Board rolled out \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/discussion_draft.pdf\">a revised playbook\u003c/a> that includes some new initiatives and suggested the state adopt new 2030 goals, moving the target a little closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a midpoint,” says the Air Board’s Young. “2050 is too far off to really grasp. From a broad policy perspective, we can take a look at where we need to be. But in terms of the programmatic elements, that’s a harder crystal ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the idea of a “midterm” target is raising hackles. Some say the state’s landmark climate law has no authority after 2020. So we might need a whole new law to keep things rolling. And even the state’s pioneering cap-and-trade program remains under legal assault from industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I refuse to give up,” says Greenblatt, who says he’s had to reassure his nine-year-old daughter that he’s working on the problem as hard as he can. “I want to live to see 2050 happen and to say we actually did this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Despite its deserved reputation for climate leadership, California will have to hustle to make its own long-range emissions goals.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>2013 was a pivotal year for California’s efforts to confront the increasingly ominous threats from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s broadest cap-and-trade program for carbon pollution kicked in, and Governor Jerry Brown joined in two \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/28/climate-pact-west-coast-states-bc-vow-to-step-up-attack-on-warming/\">new multi-state pacts\u003c/a> aimed at curbing emissions. But seven years after passing its landmark climate law, California’s journey toward attaining its climate goals has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/traffic.jpg\" alt=\"A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of effort by California policymakers to shrink the state’s carbon footprint, the darnedest thing happened: the economy rebounded from its three-year recession—and \u003ca title=\"Bloomberg - post\" href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-04/california-emissions-climb-in-2012-on-low-nuclear-hydro-supply.html\">so did greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past year, for instance, we’ve begun to see that emissions are rising again,” says Stanley Young with the California Air Resources Board. “But the interesting thing is that they are not rising as fast as the California economy is growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young’s agency is charged with \u003ca title=\"CARB - scoping plan\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\">developing rules\u003c/a> to meet the state’s legislated mandate to cut carbon emissions back to 1990 levels, by 2020. Young is not deterred by the post-recession set-back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will be able to make our 2020 goals,” he said in an interview. “That is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not so clear is what happens after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our best guess is that we are well on our way to meeting the 2020 standard, so the policies that we have in place do seem to be sufficient for that,” says\u003ca title=\"LBNL - Greenblatt\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\"> Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, an energy scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. “But looking to 2030 and beyond, we’re gonna have to do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 80 percent solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt raised some eyebrows in early November when he \u003ca title=\"LBNL - Report\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/57123/estimating-policy-driven-greenh\">published projections\u003c/a> of what it will take to hit California’s long-term goal, set by executive order during the Schwarzenegger years: an 80 percent cut in emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Air Board’s Young sees it, California is on a roll: “We’re seeing far more electric vehicles on the road, for instance. That’s an important part of the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the recent impressive growth of plug-in electric cars, it’s early in the game. California just\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\"> joined with seven other states\u003c/a> in a push to get 3.3 million “zero-emission” vehicles on the road by 2025. Depending on what you count, there are 25 to 30 million registered vehicles on the road right now, just in California—and Greenblatt says 80 to 90 percent would have to be zero-emission (electric or otherwise) to get to that 2050 goal, because transportation accounts for the biggest single chunk of California’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cars are driving around all over the place, so you can’t capture the CO2 from their tailpipes and store it somewhere,” Greenblatt explained in a recent interview. “So it’s very important to be able to shift to a low-carbon energy carrier like electricity or like hydrogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decarbonizing your electrical outlets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, electric cars are only as clean as the juice that powers them. Regulators say the state is on track to hit another key target for 2020: generating one-third of its electrical power from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal. But by Greenblatt’s reckoning, that won’t be enough for the long haul, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially need our electricity system to run without any carbon emissions at all in 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yikes. That’s 100 percent carbon-free electricity. But that daunting assertion doesn’t mean all renewable power, which is good because many experts agree that goal may not be possible. Some have calculated that \u003ca title=\"NPR - story\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/12/02/248230187/slashing-fossil-fuel-consumption-comes-with-a-price\">80 percent renewables\u003c/a> may be technically feasible—but not without a major update to the electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may still need to burn some natural gas and capture its carbon emissions, so they don’t get into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shutdown of Southern California Edison’s San Onofre nuclear power plant near San Diego, utilities have used natural gas to replace the carbon-free nuclear power lost from the grid. That set off alarms with environmental groups, who took to the streets in San Francisco this month, demanding that state regulators require renewable replacement power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An optimist in spite of the numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I would say, I’m an optimist but I don’t think this is gonna happen without a lot of trial and challenge, says Greenblatt, who expressed concern that his report was misconstrued in news accounts when it came out in November. He says it’s not that we can’t get to the 2050 goals. It’s that we won’t get there unless we step up our game—even beyond the aggressive policies the state has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why this year, the Air Board rolled out \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/discussion_draft.pdf\">a revised playbook\u003c/a> that includes some new initiatives and suggested the state adopt new 2030 goals, moving the target a little closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a midpoint,” says the Air Board’s Young. “2050 is too far off to really grasp. From a broad policy perspective, we can take a look at where we need to be. But in terms of the programmatic elements, that’s a harder crystal ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the idea of a “midterm” target is raising hackles. Some say the state’s landmark climate law has no authority after 2020. So we might need a whole new law to keep things rolling. And even the state’s pioneering cap-and-trade program remains under legal assault from industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I refuse to give up,” says Greenblatt, who says he’s had to reassure his nine-year-old daughter that he’s working on the problem as hard as he can. “I want to live to see 2050 happen and to say we actually did this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Endangered Species Act Turns 40",
"headTitle": "The Endangered Species Act Turns 40 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Saturday is the 40th anniversary of the creation of the Endangered Species Act. President Richard Nixon signed it into law on December 28, 1973, \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=4090\">saying\u003c/a>, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12565\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/wolf-esa.jpg\" alt=\"The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/4907620335/in/photostream/\">John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(John and Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are now \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/Boxscore.do\">2,145 plants and animals\u003c/a> on the list. There have been \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/delistingReport.jsp\">58 de-listed\u003c/a>: 30 that recovered, 10 that went extinct and the balance removed for data errors or changes. Its \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/readersrespond/bs-ed-cardin-wildlife-20131227,0,6554781.story\">supporters\u003c/a> credit it with protecting species like bald eagles, alligators and California condors. Its \u003ca href=\"http://perc.org/articles/endangered-species-act-1\">detractors\u003c/a> criticize it for impinging on private property rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, 317 species are protected by the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>. (We have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/t_e_spp/\">state list\u003c/a>, too.) That’s second only to Hawaii in number of species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Endangered Species By State\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3%3E%3E1+from+1yENQqCfAqjx5jLFAaugqVpI1WFPRyrG1UzLjA1U&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=39.23482505238709&lng=-98.48722187499999&t=1&z=4&l=col3%3E%3E1&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/esamaplegend.png\" alt=\"esamaplegend\" width=\"336\" height=\"141\">\u003cem>Zoom out to see Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is an outlier with 431 listed species. Data come from The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListing.jsp\">list of species in each state based on the published historic range and population data\u003c/a> for the species. That means the list includes species that no longer live in a state, but once did (grizzlies in California, for instance).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a blessing and a curse in that we have an incredibly diverse set of ecosystems,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/happy_birthday_dear_endangered_species_act\">Kim Delfino\u003c/a>, the California program director at the environmental group, Defenders of Wildlife. “But unfortunately California has also had a lot of activity. Farming and mining, urban development, forestry practices. We’ve impacted the landscape a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA, though imperfect, has done a good job, according to Delfino. “I think that it will continue to be controversial,” she said, “but I don’t think people will walk away from the underlying idea of why we have an Endangered Species Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That controversy isn’t necessarily over whether or not endangered species should be protected, but rather, what the best way is to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Endangered Species Act has been a disaster,” said \u003ca href=\"http://reason.org/news/show/inconvenient-eagle-truths\">Brian Seasholes\u003c/a>, a policy analyst with the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think tank. The ESA makes endangered species a financial liability, he explained, because it penalizes private property owners if they harm a protected species or its habitat. “Instead of punishing landowners, let’s work with them. Because there’s a lot of goodwill out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasholes said he prefers the approach taken by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=crp\">Conservation Reserve Program\u003c/a> run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which pays farmers to conserve environmentally sensitive land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA was written in an era when Americans were coming to grips with the effect they had on their environment. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?_r=0\">Silent Spring\u003c/a>\u003c/em> had been published in 1962, 11 years earlier. The \u003ca href=\"http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/63#.Ur3-urQSjyA\">Cuyahoga River caught fire\u003c/a> in 1969. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and signed the Clean Air Act in 1970. The Clean Water Act passed in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s dawning on many Americans that despite our conservation efforts humans have created an age of extinction, that perhaps we’ve left the Holocene and entered the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/What-is-the-Anthropocene-and-Are-We-in-It-183828201.html\">Anthropocene\u003c/a>,” an epoch shaped by human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for the most part we’ve done a pretty atrocious job (protecting species),” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/jdumbacher/\">Jack Dumbacher\u003c/a>, the curator of birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences. “It’s a real challenge for us to live in harmony with nature. And I think without these kinds of laws we’d be in even worse trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Richard Nixon signed the Endangered Species Act into law in 1973, saying, \"Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.\" Opponents criticize it for punishing private landowners. Some supporters say it doesn't do enough to protect whole ecosystems.",
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"title": "The Endangered Species Act Turns 40 | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Saturday is the 40th anniversary of the creation of the Endangered Species Act. President Richard Nixon signed it into law on December 28, 1973, \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=4090\">saying\u003c/a>, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12565\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/wolf-esa.jpg\" alt=\"The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/4907620335/in/photostream/\">John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(John and Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are now \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/Boxscore.do\">2,145 plants and animals\u003c/a> on the list. There have been \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/delistingReport.jsp\">58 de-listed\u003c/a>: 30 that recovered, 10 that went extinct and the balance removed for data errors or changes. Its \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/readersrespond/bs-ed-cardin-wildlife-20131227,0,6554781.story\">supporters\u003c/a> credit it with protecting species like bald eagles, alligators and California condors. Its \u003ca href=\"http://perc.org/articles/endangered-species-act-1\">detractors\u003c/a> criticize it for impinging on private property rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, 317 species are protected by the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>. (We have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/t_e_spp/\">state list\u003c/a>, too.) That’s second only to Hawaii in number of species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Endangered Species By State\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3%3E%3E1+from+1yENQqCfAqjx5jLFAaugqVpI1WFPRyrG1UzLjA1U&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=39.23482505238709&lng=-98.48722187499999&t=1&z=4&l=col3%3E%3E1&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/esamaplegend.png\" alt=\"esamaplegend\" width=\"336\" height=\"141\">\u003cem>Zoom out to see Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is an outlier with 431 listed species. Data come from The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListing.jsp\">list of species in each state based on the published historic range and population data\u003c/a> for the species. That means the list includes species that no longer live in a state, but once did (grizzlies in California, for instance).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a blessing and a curse in that we have an incredibly diverse set of ecosystems,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/happy_birthday_dear_endangered_species_act\">Kim Delfino\u003c/a>, the California program director at the environmental group, Defenders of Wildlife. “But unfortunately California has also had a lot of activity. Farming and mining, urban development, forestry practices. We’ve impacted the landscape a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA, though imperfect, has done a good job, according to Delfino. “I think that it will continue to be controversial,” she said, “but I don’t think people will walk away from the underlying idea of why we have an Endangered Species Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That controversy isn’t necessarily over whether or not endangered species should be protected, but rather, what the best way is to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Endangered Species Act has been a disaster,” said \u003ca href=\"http://reason.org/news/show/inconvenient-eagle-truths\">Brian Seasholes\u003c/a>, a policy analyst with the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think tank. The ESA makes endangered species a financial liability, he explained, because it penalizes private property owners if they harm a protected species or its habitat. “Instead of punishing landowners, let’s work with them. Because there’s a lot of goodwill out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasholes said he prefers the approach taken by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=crp\">Conservation Reserve Program\u003c/a> run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which pays farmers to conserve environmentally sensitive land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA was written in an era when Americans were coming to grips with the effect they had on their environment. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?_r=0\">Silent Spring\u003c/a>\u003c/em> had been published in 1962, 11 years earlier. The \u003ca href=\"http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/63#.Ur3-urQSjyA\">Cuyahoga River caught fire\u003c/a> in 1969. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and signed the Clean Air Act in 1970. The Clean Water Act passed in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s dawning on many Americans that despite our conservation efforts humans have created an age of extinction, that perhaps we’ve left the Holocene and entered the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/What-is-the-Anthropocene-and-Are-We-in-It-183828201.html\">Anthropocene\u003c/a>,” an epoch shaped by human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for the most part we’ve done a pretty atrocious job (protecting species),” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/jdumbacher/\">Jack Dumbacher\u003c/a>, the curator of birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences. “It’s a real challenge for us to live in harmony with nature. And I think without these kinds of laws we’d be in even worse trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What do radio reporters do? They record sounds. Sometimes, rather strange sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science being a beat particularly rich in audible oddities (ever heard a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/07/redoubt-seismic-screams/\">volcano scream\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWkMWDSVZuQ\">tree sing?\u003c/a>), we decided to pull together a few of our favorites from 2013. To be clear, these are sounds we here at KQED Science either recorded or used in stories we produced. (And, ok, some of them aren’t sounds so much as “moments” we liked.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not telling you much about them — you can click through to the stories to read and hear more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 This \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/\">male elephant seal\u003c/a> in Ano Nuevo sounds like an old jalopy. That’s how the ladies like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/elephant-seal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#2 The times they are a changing, and, therefore, so are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/changing-foghorns/\">the foghorns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/new-vs-old-foghorn-on-san\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 An epileptic seizure,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/01/what-does-an-epileptic-seizure-sound-like/\"> translated into sound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/an-epileptic-seizure-in-sound\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#4 Some might say it’s a bad idea to stick your microphone into a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">field of burning grass\u003c/a>, but don’t tell that to Molly Samuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/prescribed-burn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#5 Speaking of close calls… here’s that time Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/\">got a little too close\u003c/a> to her subject: a mountain lion in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/close-brush-with-a-mountain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 “Hi.” Just “hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In Morse code, as heard by a billion dollar NASA spacecraft \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/11/en-route-to-jupiter-juno-sends-first-ever-video-of-earth-and-moon/\">bound for Jupiter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/1400-ham-radio-ops-say-hi-to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#7 \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/attack-of-the-killer-electrons-new-mission-searches-for-mysterious-space-particles/\">Killer electrons\u003c/a>: mysterious, satellite-trashing particles that travel at almost the speed of light. They get sped up by electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts that “sound” like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/killer-electron\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#8 This recording of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/\">a blue whale \u003c/a>– captured with an acoustic tag attached to the whale’s back – literally shook the studio when our engineer was mixing Lauren’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/blue-whale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#9 In the future, when people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">play their brains\u003c/a> like musical instruments, here’s what it might sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/neurodisco-frustrated-state\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#10 When Scientists Get Excited… \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/airborne-lasers-yield-better-measure-of-californias-water-supply/\">so do radio reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/woohoo\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What do radio reporters do? They record sounds. Sometimes, rather strange sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science being a beat particularly rich in audible oddities (ever heard a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/07/redoubt-seismic-screams/\">volcano scream\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWkMWDSVZuQ\">tree sing?\u003c/a>), we decided to pull together a few of our favorites from 2013. To be clear, these are sounds we here at KQED Science either recorded or used in stories we produced. (And, ok, some of them aren’t sounds so much as “moments” we liked.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not telling you much about them — you can click through to the stories to read and hear more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 This \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/\">male elephant seal\u003c/a> in Ano Nuevo sounds like an old jalopy. That’s how the ladies like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/elephant-seal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#2 The times they are a changing, and, therefore, so are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/changing-foghorns/\">the foghorns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/new-vs-old-foghorn-on-san\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 An epileptic seizure,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/01/what-does-an-epileptic-seizure-sound-like/\"> translated into sound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/an-epileptic-seizure-in-sound\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#4 Some might say it’s a bad idea to stick your microphone into a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">field of burning grass\u003c/a>, but don’t tell that to Molly Samuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/prescribed-burn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#5 Speaking of close calls… here’s that time Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/\">got a little too close\u003c/a> to her subject: a mountain lion in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/close-brush-with-a-mountain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 “Hi.” Just “hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In Morse code, as heard by a billion dollar NASA spacecraft \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/11/en-route-to-jupiter-juno-sends-first-ever-video-of-earth-and-moon/\">bound for Jupiter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/1400-ham-radio-ops-say-hi-to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#7 \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/attack-of-the-killer-electrons-new-mission-searches-for-mysterious-space-particles/\">Killer electrons\u003c/a>: mysterious, satellite-trashing particles that travel at almost the speed of light. They get sped up by electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts that “sound” like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/killer-electron\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#8 This recording of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/\">a blue whale \u003c/a>– captured with an acoustic tag attached to the whale’s back – literally shook the studio when our engineer was mixing Lauren’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/blue-whale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#9 In the future, when people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">play their brains\u003c/a> like musical instruments, here’s what it might sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/neurodisco-frustrated-state\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#10 When Scientists Get Excited… \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/airborne-lasers-yield-better-measure-of-californias-water-supply/\">so do radio reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/woohoo\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products",
"headTitle": "SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\" alt=\"Fake leather goods sold at stores like Forever 21 may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goods sold Forever 21, Charlotte Russe and Wet Seal may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three youth-oriented clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, a neuro-toxin, according to testing done by the Oakland-based \u003ca title=\"CEH - main\" href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a> (CEH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the Charlotte Russe stores, a tip from an anonymous whistleblower in China suggests the company knew in advance of at least one violation, but sold the item anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">See the list of products found by CEH testing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fashion-accessories-chart.pdf\">contain lead\u003c/a>.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the California law known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, retailers must post warning signs if any of the products they sell contain lead. But the three retailers — Russe, Wet Seal, and Forever 21 — agreed in a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/prop65/settlements/2009-00446S1387.pdf?\">2010 settlement\u003c/a> to a stricter provision: to remove all but trace amounts of lead from their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Russe executives, contacted by phone and at the company’s San Francisco headquarters, declined to comment. Forever 21 did not respond to inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Wet Seal said that the company “ensures that its products are tested for lead and confirms passing test results before the products are shipped to stores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12365\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12365 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. \" width=\"329\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. (CEH)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotterusse.com/product/Shoes/Boots-Booties/entity/pc/2115/c/0/sc/2656/249002.uts?colorCode=301545917_218\">pair of boots\u003c/a> sold by Charlotte Russe was found to contain 6,905 parts per million of lead, 23 times the legal limit, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenfl.com/\">Livermore lab \u003c/a>hired by the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cream-and-red-colored handbag bought from Forever 21 in June, 2012, contained 41,200 parts per million of lead, 137 times the legal limit, according to CEH testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is a neurotoxin which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm\">can damage developing brains\u003c/a> in fetuses and children, causing lower IQ, increased aggression and other behavioral problems, according to the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health routinely tests consumer products for toxins, but, says CEH’s Research Director Carolyn Cox, the Charlotte Russe case marked the first time the organization received a tip from an anonymous source.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The Chinese lab results suggest Russe knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway,” says Cox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Center’s attorneys received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/charlotte-russe-letter.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> from an unnamed source in China. Inside was a photograph of a pair of boots made by the San Francisco-based Charlotte Russe, along with test results from a Chinese lab hired by Russe, showing that a part of the boot, a “light coffee coating” on the outsole and heel, contained 26 times the legal amount of lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, the Chinese lab results suggest that Charlotte Russe employees knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox’s colleagues ordered the boots online and ran their own testing at a California lab which found slightly higher lead levels than the Chinese lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoppers at the three retailers are particularly at risk, says Cox, because they tend to be young, female and at or approaching childbearing age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Three youth-focused clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, according to an Oakland-based nonprofit group.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\" alt=\"Fake leather goods sold at stores like Forever 21 may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goods sold Forever 21, Charlotte Russe and Wet Seal may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three youth-oriented clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, a neuro-toxin, according to testing done by the Oakland-based \u003ca title=\"CEH - main\" href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a> (CEH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the Charlotte Russe stores, a tip from an anonymous whistleblower in China suggests the company knew in advance of at least one violation, but sold the item anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">See the list of products found by CEH testing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fashion-accessories-chart.pdf\">contain lead\u003c/a>.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the California law known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, retailers must post warning signs if any of the products they sell contain lead. But the three retailers — Russe, Wet Seal, and Forever 21 — agreed in a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/prop65/settlements/2009-00446S1387.pdf?\">2010 settlement\u003c/a> to a stricter provision: to remove all but trace amounts of lead from their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Russe executives, contacted by phone and at the company’s San Francisco headquarters, declined to comment. Forever 21 did not respond to inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Wet Seal said that the company “ensures that its products are tested for lead and confirms passing test results before the products are shipped to stores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12365\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12365 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. \" width=\"329\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. (CEH)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotterusse.com/product/Shoes/Boots-Booties/entity/pc/2115/c/0/sc/2656/249002.uts?colorCode=301545917_218\">pair of boots\u003c/a> sold by Charlotte Russe was found to contain 6,905 parts per million of lead, 23 times the legal limit, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenfl.com/\">Livermore lab \u003c/a>hired by the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cream-and-red-colored handbag bought from Forever 21 in June, 2012, contained 41,200 parts per million of lead, 137 times the legal limit, according to CEH testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is a neurotoxin which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm\">can damage developing brains\u003c/a> in fetuses and children, causing lower IQ, increased aggression and other behavioral problems, according to the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health routinely tests consumer products for toxins, but, says CEH’s Research Director Carolyn Cox, the Charlotte Russe case marked the first time the organization received a tip from an anonymous source.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The Chinese lab results suggest Russe knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway,” says Cox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Center’s attorneys received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/charlotte-russe-letter.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> from an unnamed source in China. Inside was a photograph of a pair of boots made by the San Francisco-based Charlotte Russe, along with test results from a Chinese lab hired by Russe, showing that a part of the boot, a “light coffee coating” on the outsole and heel, contained 26 times the legal amount of lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, the Chinese lab results suggest that Charlotte Russe employees knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox’s colleagues ordered the boots online and ran their own testing at a California lab which found slightly higher lead levels than the Chinese lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoppers at the three retailers are particularly at risk, says Cox, because they tend to be young, female and at or approaching childbearing age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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