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"content": "\u003cp>Most biodiversity news is bad news. Climate change, development and resource extraction threaten plants and animals around the world. But scientists are still discovering species, too. Finding and describing species new to science isn’t just something Charles Darwin did. Scientists at Bay Area institutions are discovering plants and animals all over the world, including some right here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Limenandra-barnosii.jpg\" alt=\"Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences) \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You would think, of course, we’ve done our homework and we’ve already charted our own biosphere, our own map of life on the planet,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/bfisher/\">Brian Fisher\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences. While there’s a lot of attention focused on the search for life on other planets, he said, there’s still a lot still to discover here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Fisher published descriptions of 38 new species of ants in Madagascar. Over the course of his career, he’s described 256 ant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just discovering something esoteric like an ant,” he said. “It’s actually really trying to understand how ecosystems work, how they’re put together and really, it’s about our long-term sustainability. How are we, as humans, going to maintain clean water, clean environments and this relationship with biodiversity?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These new-to-science species aren’t all in far-away Madagascar. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/wakelab.htm\">David Wake\u003c/a>, a curator of herpetology at Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at UC Berkeley, named two new species of salamanders that live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thrill. You never get over it,” he said, of finding a new species. “You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California discoveries in 2013 include \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/09/17/four-new-species-of-legless-lizards-discovered-living-on-the-edge/\">four species of legless lizard\u003c/a>, described by Theodore Papenfuss, also of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Berkeley scientists also turned up two new California fungi, one of them on the Berkeley campus. And they found two new flowering plants, one in Contra Costa County, the other in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of taxonomy focuses on naming and categorizing new species, but scientists also work to make sure the the existing family trees are arranged correctly. “We sometimes discover that species described in the past have been wrongly classified when they actually represent an entire group of organisms new to science,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/hickmanc\">Carole Hickman\u003c/a>, a professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she described a new family of marine gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s documenting extinct species. CalAcademy scientists described two extinct sand dollars. And Jeffrey Benca, a grad student at University of California’s Museum of Paleontology, is in the process of publishing a paper about an extinct plant from the Devonian period. Studying that plant, which is related to current-day club mosses, and its relatives “may lead to a better understanding of where the continents were positioned when our distant ancestors, early tetrapods — lobe-finned fishes and amphibians — invaded land,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of species discovered by scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences in 2013 also includes, among many others, a caecilian in the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (a caecilian is a snake-shaped amphibian), a dwarf gecko from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique, barnacles in the Gulf of Guinea, corals and sea fans in the Pacific, and an Ethiopian mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of science, you \u003ca href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/3895-there-is-grandeur-in-this-view-of-life-with-its\">endless forms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Most biodiversity news is bad news. Climate change, development and resource extraction threaten plants and animals around the world. But scientists are still discovering species, too. Finding and describing species new to science isn’t just something Charles Darwin did. Scientists at Bay Area institutions are discovering plants and animals all over the world, including some right here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Limenandra-barnosii.jpg\" alt=\"Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Limeandra barnosii is a nudibranch discovered by scientists at the California Academy of Sciences. It lives in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. (California Academy of Sciences) \u003ccite>(California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You would think, of course, we’ve done our homework and we’ve already charted our own biosphere, our own map of life on the planet,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/bfisher/\">Brian Fisher\u003c/a>, an entomologist at the California Academy of Sciences. While there’s a lot of attention focused on the search for life on other planets, he said, there’s still a lot still to discover here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Fisher published descriptions of 38 new species of ants in Madagascar. Over the course of his career, he’s described 256 ant species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just discovering something esoteric like an ant,” he said. “It’s actually really trying to understand how ecosystems work, how they’re put together and really, it’s about our long-term sustainability. How are we, as humans, going to maintain clean water, clean environments and this relationship with biodiversity?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These new-to-science species aren’t all in far-away Madagascar. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/wakelab.htm\">David Wake\u003c/a>, a curator of herpetology at Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at UC Berkeley, named two new species of salamanders that live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a thrill. You never get over it,” he said, of finding a new species. “You’d think we’ve been everywhere in California, but it’s not true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other California discoveries in 2013 include \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2013/09/17/four-new-species-of-legless-lizards-discovered-living-on-the-edge/\">four species of legless lizard\u003c/a>, described by Theodore Papenfuss, also of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Berkeley scientists also turned up two new California fungi, one of them on the Berkeley campus. And they found two new flowering plants, one in Contra Costa County, the other in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of taxonomy focuses on naming and categorizing new species, but scientists also work to make sure the the existing family trees are arranged correctly. “We sometimes discover that species described in the past have been wrongly classified when they actually represent an entire group of organisms new to science,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/hickmanc\">Carole Hickman\u003c/a>, a professor in UC Berkeley’s Department of Integrative Biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, she described a new family of marine gastropods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there’s documenting extinct species. CalAcademy scientists described two extinct sand dollars. And Jeffrey Benca, a grad student at University of California’s Museum of Paleontology, is in the process of publishing a paper about an extinct plant from the Devonian period. Studying that plant, which is related to current-day club mosses, and its relatives “may lead to a better understanding of where the continents were positioned when our distant ancestors, early tetrapods — lobe-finned fishes and amphibians — invaded land,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parade of species discovered by scientists at UC Berkeley and the California Academy of Sciences in 2013 also includes, among many others, a caecilian in the Iwokrama Forest in central Guyana (a caecilian is a snake-shaped amphibian), a dwarf gecko from Mt. Namuli in Mozambique, barnacles in the Gulf of Guinea, corals and sea fans in the Pacific, and an Ethiopian mite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to the world of science, you \u003ca href=\"http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/3895-there-is-grandeur-in-this-view-of-life-with-its\">endless forms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's 'Big Dry'",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/FolsomLk_Brekke_1401.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12775\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12775\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/FolsomLk_Brekke_1401.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels leave much of Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, as a mud flat. (Dan Brekke)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Folsom Lake, a key reservoir on the American River, east of Sacramento, was at just 18 percent of capacity and 37 percent of “normal” as the new year began. (Dan Brekke)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t quite the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17887572\">millennium drought\u003c/a>” that desiccated Australia for nearly a decade. But for many parts of California, 2013 was the driest year on the books. After above-average rain and snow in November and December of 2012, the tap suddenly shut off just as the calendar turned over to 2013, and there’s been \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_24793713/bay-area-christmas-one-warmest-ever-no-end?source=email\">little-to-nothing since\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”465156cb80e4a3a64f79eca65dcd6813″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 5.59 inches that had fallen on San Francisco by New Year’s Eve shattered the previous dry mark of nine inches, set in 1917.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended dry spell had water authorities and farmers on alert as early as November, when the state’s Department of Water Resources (DWR) issued its lowest-ever estimate for water deliveries from the State Water Project: five percent of what water contractors are asking for. That number is notoriously fluid, starting out on the conservative side and rising with the winter snows. In 2010, the only other year that started with a five-percent projection, officials eventually upped deliveries to 50 percent. But this season’s first official survey of the Sierra snowpack shows statewide water content at a nail-biting 20 percent of normal. Remote sensors from the northern range clocked in at 11 percent, which is a scant four percent of what water managers like to see on April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-range forecasts have not been encouraging. Governor Jerry Brown assembled an interagency drought management task force, which began meeting in late December, and some cities have already \u003ca title=\"SacBee - post\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/12/29/6032646/drought-brings-water-rationing.html\">announced water restrictions\u003c/a> — some voluntary, some not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/02/2013-californias-big-dry/carainfall_noaa/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12667\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12667\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/CArainfall_NOAA-e1388542888761.jpeg\" alt=\"CArainfall_NOAA\" width=\"640\" height=\"487\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind that about half of California’s precipitation falls in the months of December, January and February,” said Jeanine Jones, a resource manager at DWR, noting that December is already written off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even at the first of the year, we’re not at the halfway point of the rainfall season,” said Jan Null, consulting meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services, adding a note of optimism. “The halfway point of the rainy season is the last week of January.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with most of the wet season still ahead, “Mother Nature can always throw us a curve ball,” as Jones put it. “By the time we have the February snow survey results in hand, that’s really when you make the call about which way the water year is going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first winter snow survey found the Sierra snowpack, which provides about a third of the state’s water supply, at just 20 percent of normal. Kelly Redmond, director and climatologist at the Western Regional Climate Center, says that leaves the state with no wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127779376&color=ff6600&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA’s latest three-month outlook has California’s drought likely to continue through March. The good news? “The NOAA outlooks are only slightly better than the \u003cem>Farmers’ Almanac\u003c/em>,” said Null. “They’re terrible.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind that about half of California’s precipitation falls in the months of December, January and February,” said Jeanine Jones, a resource manager at DWR, noting that December is already written off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even at the first of the year, we’re not at the halfway point of the rainfall season,” said Jan Null, consulting meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services, adding a note of optimism. “The halfway point of the rainy season is the last week of January.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with most of the wet season still ahead, “Mother Nature can always throw us a curve ball,” as Jones put it. “By the time we have the February snow survey results in hand, that’s really when you make the call about which way the water year is going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first winter snow survey found the Sierra snowpack, which provides about a third of the state’s water supply, at just 20 percent of normal. Kelly Redmond, director and climatologist at the Western Regional Climate Center, says that leaves the state with no wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127779376&color=ff6600&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA’s latest three-month outlook has California’s drought likely to continue through March. The good news? “The NOAA outlooks are only slightly better than the \u003cem>Farmers’ Almanac\u003c/em>,” said Null. “They’re terrible.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call",
"headTitle": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "2013: Progress, But Long Road Ahead to California Climate Goals",
"headTitle": "2013: Progress, But Long Road Ahead to California Climate Goals | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>2013 was a pivotal year for California’s efforts to confront the increasingly ominous threats from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s broadest cap-and-trade program for carbon pollution kicked in, and Governor Jerry Brown joined in two \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/28/climate-pact-west-coast-states-bc-vow-to-step-up-attack-on-warming/\">new multi-state pacts\u003c/a> aimed at curbing emissions. But seven years after passing its landmark climate law, California’s journey toward attaining its climate goals has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/traffic.jpg\" alt=\"A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of effort by California policymakers to shrink the state’s carbon footprint, the darnedest thing happened: the economy rebounded from its three-year recession—and \u003ca title=\"Bloomberg - post\" href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-04/california-emissions-climb-in-2012-on-low-nuclear-hydro-supply.html\">so did greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past year, for instance, we’ve begun to see that emissions are rising again,” says Stanley Young with the California Air Resources Board. “But the interesting thing is that they are not rising as fast as the California economy is growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young’s agency is charged with \u003ca title=\"CARB - scoping plan\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\">developing rules\u003c/a> to meet the state’s legislated mandate to cut carbon emissions back to 1990 levels, by 2020. Young is not deterred by the post-recession set-back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will be able to make our 2020 goals,” he said in an interview. “That is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not so clear is what happens after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our best guess is that we are well on our way to meeting the 2020 standard, so the policies that we have in place do seem to be sufficient for that,” says\u003ca title=\"LBNL - Greenblatt\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\"> Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, an energy scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. “But looking to 2030 and beyond, we’re gonna have to do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 80 percent solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt raised some eyebrows in early November when he \u003ca title=\"LBNL - Report\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/57123/estimating-policy-driven-greenh\">published projections\u003c/a> of what it will take to hit California’s long-term goal, set by executive order during the Schwarzenegger years: an 80 percent cut in emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Air Board’s Young sees it, California is on a roll: “We’re seeing far more electric vehicles on the road, for instance. That’s an important part of the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the recent impressive growth of plug-in electric cars, it’s early in the game. California just\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\"> joined with seven other states\u003c/a> in a push to get 3.3 million “zero-emission” vehicles on the road by 2025. Depending on what you count, there are 25 to 30 million registered vehicles on the road right now, just in California—and Greenblatt says 80 to 90 percent would have to be zero-emission (electric or otherwise) to get to that 2050 goal, because transportation accounts for the biggest single chunk of California’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cars are driving around all over the place, so you can’t capture the CO2 from their tailpipes and store it somewhere,” Greenblatt explained in a recent interview. “So it’s very important to be able to shift to a low-carbon energy carrier like electricity or like hydrogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decarbonizing your electrical outlets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, electric cars are only as clean as the juice that powers them. Regulators say the state is on track to hit another key target for 2020: generating one-third of its electrical power from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal. But by Greenblatt’s reckoning, that won’t be enough for the long haul, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially need our electricity system to run without any carbon emissions at all in 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yikes. That’s 100 percent carbon-free electricity. But that daunting assertion doesn’t mean all renewable power, which is good because many experts agree that goal may not be possible. Some have calculated that \u003ca title=\"NPR - story\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/12/02/248230187/slashing-fossil-fuel-consumption-comes-with-a-price\">80 percent renewables\u003c/a> may be technically feasible—but not without a major update to the electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may still need to burn some natural gas and capture its carbon emissions, so they don’t get into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shutdown of Southern California Edison’s San Onofre nuclear power plant near San Diego, utilities have used natural gas to replace the carbon-free nuclear power lost from the grid. That set off alarms with environmental groups, who took to the streets in San Francisco this month, demanding that state regulators require renewable replacement power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An optimist in spite of the numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I would say, I’m an optimist but I don’t think this is gonna happen without a lot of trial and challenge, says Greenblatt, who expressed concern that his report was misconstrued in news accounts when it came out in November. He says it’s not that we can’t get to the 2050 goals. It’s that we won’t get there unless we step up our game—even beyond the aggressive policies the state has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why this year, the Air Board rolled out \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/discussion_draft.pdf\">a revised playbook\u003c/a> that includes some new initiatives and suggested the state adopt new 2030 goals, moving the target a little closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a midpoint,” says the Air Board’s Young. “2050 is too far off to really grasp. From a broad policy perspective, we can take a look at where we need to be. But in terms of the programmatic elements, that’s a harder crystal ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the idea of a “midterm” target is raising hackles. Some say the state’s landmark climate law has no authority after 2020. So we might need a whole new law to keep things rolling. And even the state’s pioneering cap-and-trade program remains under legal assault from industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I refuse to give up,” says Greenblatt, who says he’s had to reassure his nine-year-old daughter that he’s working on the problem as hard as he can. “I want to live to see 2050 happen and to say we actually did this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>2013 was a pivotal year for California’s efforts to confront the increasingly ominous threats from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s broadest cap-and-trade program for carbon pollution kicked in, and Governor Jerry Brown joined in two \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/28/climate-pact-west-coast-states-bc-vow-to-step-up-attack-on-warming/\">new multi-state pacts\u003c/a> aimed at curbing emissions. But seven years after passing its landmark climate law, California’s journey toward attaining its climate goals has just begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12580\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12580\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/traffic.jpg\" alt=\"A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A key way for California to cut emissions is by boosting low- and zero-emission vehicles. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of effort by California policymakers to shrink the state’s carbon footprint, the darnedest thing happened: the economy rebounded from its three-year recession—and \u003ca title=\"Bloomberg - post\" href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-04/california-emissions-climb-in-2012-on-low-nuclear-hydro-supply.html\">so did greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past year, for instance, we’ve begun to see that emissions are rising again,” says Stanley Young with the California Air Resources Board. “But the interesting thing is that they are not rising as fast as the California economy is growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young’s agency is charged with \u003ca title=\"CARB - scoping plan\" href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\">developing rules\u003c/a> to meet the state’s legislated mandate to cut carbon emissions back to 1990 levels, by 2020. Young is not deterred by the post-recession set-back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will be able to make our 2020 goals,” he said in an interview. “That is clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s not so clear is what happens after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our best guess is that we are well on our way to meeting the 2020 standard, so the policies that we have in place do seem to be sufficient for that,” says\u003ca title=\"LBNL - Greenblatt\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/people/jeffery-greenblatt\"> Jeff Greenblatt\u003c/a>, an energy scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. “But looking to 2030 and beyond, we’re gonna have to do more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 80 percent solution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenblatt raised some eyebrows in early November when he \u003ca title=\"LBNL - Report\" href=\"http://eetd.lbl.gov/news/article/57123/estimating-policy-driven-greenh\">published projections\u003c/a> of what it will take to hit California’s long-term goal, set by executive order during the Schwarzenegger years: an 80 percent cut in emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Air Board’s Young sees it, California is on a roll: “We’re seeing far more electric vehicles on the road, for instance. That’s an important part of the plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the recent impressive growth of plug-in electric cars, it’s early in the game. California just\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/24/california-joins-eight-state-roadmap-toward-more-electric-cars/\"> joined with seven other states\u003c/a> in a push to get 3.3 million “zero-emission” vehicles on the road by 2025. Depending on what you count, there are 25 to 30 million registered vehicles on the road right now, just in California—and Greenblatt says 80 to 90 percent would have to be zero-emission (electric or otherwise) to get to that 2050 goal, because transportation accounts for the biggest single chunk of California’s carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These cars are driving around all over the place, so you can’t capture the CO2 from their tailpipes and store it somewhere,” Greenblatt explained in a recent interview. “So it’s very important to be able to shift to a low-carbon energy carrier like electricity or like hydrogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decarbonizing your electrical outlets\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, electric cars are only as clean as the juice that powers them. Regulators say the state is on track to hit another key target for 2020: generating one-third of its electrical power from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal. But by Greenblatt’s reckoning, that won’t be enough for the long haul, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We essentially need our electricity system to run without any carbon emissions at all in 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yikes. That’s 100 percent carbon-free electricity. But that daunting assertion doesn’t mean all renewable power, which is good because many experts agree that goal may not be possible. Some have calculated that \u003ca title=\"NPR - story\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/12/02/248230187/slashing-fossil-fuel-consumption-comes-with-a-price\">80 percent renewables\u003c/a> may be technically feasible—but not without a major update to the electrical grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may still need to burn some natural gas and capture its carbon emissions, so they don’t get into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the shutdown of Southern California Edison’s San Onofre nuclear power plant near San Diego, utilities have used natural gas to replace the carbon-free nuclear power lost from the grid. That set off alarms with environmental groups, who took to the streets in San Francisco this month, demanding that state regulators require renewable replacement power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An optimist in spite of the numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I would say, I’m an optimist but I don’t think this is gonna happen without a lot of trial and challenge, says Greenblatt, who expressed concern that his report was misconstrued in news accounts when it came out in November. He says it’s not that we can’t get to the 2050 goals. It’s that we won’t get there unless we step up our game—even beyond the aggressive policies the state has put in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why this year, the Air Board rolled out \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/2013_update/discussion_draft.pdf\">a revised playbook\u003c/a> that includes some new initiatives and suggested the state adopt new 2030 goals, moving the target a little closer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a midpoint,” says the Air Board’s Young. “2050 is too far off to really grasp. From a broad policy perspective, we can take a look at where we need to be. But in terms of the programmatic elements, that’s a harder crystal ball.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the idea of a “midterm” target is raising hackles. Some say the state’s landmark climate law has no authority after 2020. So we might need a whole new law to keep things rolling. And even the state’s pioneering cap-and-trade program remains under legal assault from industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I refuse to give up,” says Greenblatt, who says he’s had to reassure his nine-year-old daughter that he’s working on the problem as hard as he can. “I want to live to see 2050 happen and to say we actually did this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Saturday is the 40th anniversary of the creation of the Endangered Species Act. President Richard Nixon signed it into law on December 28, 1973, \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=4090\">saying\u003c/a>, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12565\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/wolf-esa.jpg\" alt=\"The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/4907620335/in/photostream/\">John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(John and Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are now \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/Boxscore.do\">2,145 plants and animals\u003c/a> on the list. There have been \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/delistingReport.jsp\">58 de-listed\u003c/a>: 30 that recovered, 10 that went extinct and the balance removed for data errors or changes. Its \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/readersrespond/bs-ed-cardin-wildlife-20131227,0,6554781.story\">supporters\u003c/a> credit it with protecting species like bald eagles, alligators and California condors. Its \u003ca href=\"http://perc.org/articles/endangered-species-act-1\">detractors\u003c/a> criticize it for impinging on private property rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, 317 species are protected by the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>. (We have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/t_e_spp/\">state list\u003c/a>, too.) That’s second only to Hawaii in number of species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Endangered Species By State\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3%3E%3E1+from+1yENQqCfAqjx5jLFAaugqVpI1WFPRyrG1UzLjA1U&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=39.23482505238709&lng=-98.48722187499999&t=1&z=4&l=col3%3E%3E1&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/esamaplegend.png\" alt=\"esamaplegend\" width=\"336\" height=\"141\">\u003cem>Zoom out to see Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is an outlier with 431 listed species. Data come from The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListing.jsp\">list of species in each state based on the published historic range and population data\u003c/a> for the species. That means the list includes species that no longer live in a state, but once did (grizzlies in California, for instance).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a blessing and a curse in that we have an incredibly diverse set of ecosystems,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/happy_birthday_dear_endangered_species_act\">Kim Delfino\u003c/a>, the California program director at the environmental group, Defenders of Wildlife. “But unfortunately California has also had a lot of activity. Farming and mining, urban development, forestry practices. We’ve impacted the landscape a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA, though imperfect, has done a good job, according to Delfino. “I think that it will continue to be controversial,” she said, “but I don’t think people will walk away from the underlying idea of why we have an Endangered Species Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That controversy isn’t necessarily over whether or not endangered species should be protected, but rather, what the best way is to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Endangered Species Act has been a disaster,” said \u003ca href=\"http://reason.org/news/show/inconvenient-eagle-truths\">Brian Seasholes\u003c/a>, a policy analyst with the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think tank. The ESA makes endangered species a financial liability, he explained, because it penalizes private property owners if they harm a protected species or its habitat. “Instead of punishing landowners, let’s work with them. Because there’s a lot of goodwill out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasholes said he prefers the approach taken by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=crp\">Conservation Reserve Program\u003c/a> run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which pays farmers to conserve environmentally sensitive land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA was written in an era when Americans were coming to grips with the effect they had on their environment. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?_r=0\">Silent Spring\u003c/a>\u003c/em> had been published in 1962, 11 years earlier. The \u003ca href=\"http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/63#.Ur3-urQSjyA\">Cuyahoga River caught fire\u003c/a> in 1969. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and signed the Clean Air Act in 1970. The Clean Water Act passed in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s dawning on many Americans that despite our conservation efforts humans have created an age of extinction, that perhaps we’ve left the Holocene and entered the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/What-is-the-Anthropocene-and-Are-We-in-It-183828201.html\">Anthropocene\u003c/a>,” an epoch shaped by human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for the most part we’ve done a pretty atrocious job (protecting species),” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/jdumbacher/\">Jack Dumbacher\u003c/a>, the curator of birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences. “It’s a real challenge for us to live in harmony with nature. And I think without these kinds of laws we’d be in even worse trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Richard Nixon signed the Endangered Species Act into law in 1973, saying, \"Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.\" Opponents criticize it for punishing private landowners. Some supporters say it doesn't do enough to protect whole ecosystems.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Saturday is the 40th anniversary of the creation of the Endangered Species Act. President Richard Nixon signed it into law on December 28, 1973, \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=4090\">saying\u003c/a>, “Nothing is more priceless and more worthy of preservation than the rich array of animal life with which our country has been blessed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12565\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12565\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/wolf-esa.jpg\" alt=\"The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The gray wolf is currently protected under the Endangered Species Act. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwspacific/4907620335/in/photostream/\">John & Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS\u003c/a>) \u003ccite>(John and Karen Hollingsworth/USFWS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are now \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/Boxscore.do\">2,145 plants and animals\u003c/a> on the list. There have been \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/delistingReport.jsp\">58 de-listed\u003c/a>: 30 that recovered, 10 that went extinct and the balance removed for data errors or changes. Its \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/opinion/readersrespond/bs-ed-cardin-wildlife-20131227,0,6554781.story\">supporters\u003c/a> credit it with protecting species like bald eagles, alligators and California condors. Its \u003ca href=\"http://perc.org/articles/endangered-species-act-1\">detractors\u003c/a> criticize it for impinging on private property rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, 317 species are protected by the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/endangered/\">Endangered Species Act\u003c/a>. (We have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/t_e_spp/\">state list\u003c/a>, too.) That’s second only to Hawaii in number of species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Endangered Species By State\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?q=select+col3%3E%3E1+from+1yENQqCfAqjx5jLFAaugqVpI1WFPRyrG1UzLjA1U&viz=MAP&h=false&lat=39.23482505238709&lng=-98.48722187499999&t=1&z=4&l=col3%3E%3E1&y=2&tmplt=2&hml=KML\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-12540\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/esamaplegend.png\" alt=\"esamaplegend\" width=\"336\" height=\"141\">\u003cem>Zoom out to see Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Hawaii is an outlier with 431 listed species. Data come from The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s \u003ca href=\"http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/stateListing.jsp\">list of species in each state based on the published historic range and population data\u003c/a> for the species. That means the list includes species that no longer live in a state, but once did (grizzlies in California, for instance).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a blessing and a curse in that we have an incredibly diverse set of ecosystems,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthisland.org/journal/index.php/elist/eListRead/happy_birthday_dear_endangered_species_act\">Kim Delfino\u003c/a>, the California program director at the environmental group, Defenders of Wildlife. “But unfortunately California has also had a lot of activity. Farming and mining, urban development, forestry practices. We’ve impacted the landscape a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA, though imperfect, has done a good job, according to Delfino. “I think that it will continue to be controversial,” she said, “but I don’t think people will walk away from the underlying idea of why we have an Endangered Species Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That controversy isn’t necessarily over whether or not endangered species should be protected, but rather, what the best way is to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the Endangered Species Act has been a disaster,” said \u003ca href=\"http://reason.org/news/show/inconvenient-eagle-truths\">Brian Seasholes\u003c/a>, a policy analyst with the Reason Foundation, a libertarian think tank. The ESA makes endangered species a financial liability, he explained, because it penalizes private property owners if they harm a protected species or its habitat. “Instead of punishing landowners, let’s work with them. Because there’s a lot of goodwill out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seasholes said he prefers the approach taken by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/webapp?area=home&subject=copr&topic=crp\">Conservation Reserve Program\u003c/a> run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which pays farmers to conserve environmentally sensitive land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ESA was written in an era when Americans were coming to grips with the effect they had on their environment. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?_r=0\">Silent Spring\u003c/a>\u003c/em> had been published in 1962, 11 years earlier. The \u003ca href=\"http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/63#.Ur3-urQSjyA\">Cuyahoga River caught fire\u003c/a> in 1969. Nixon created the Environmental Protection Agency and signed the Clean Air Act in 1970. The Clean Water Act passed in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it’s dawning on many Americans that despite our conservation efforts humans have created an age of extinction, that perhaps we’ve left the Holocene and entered the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/What-is-the-Anthropocene-and-Are-We-in-It-183828201.html\">Anthropocene\u003c/a>,” an epoch shaped by human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for the most part we’ve done a pretty atrocious job (protecting species),” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/science/heroes/jdumbacher/\">Jack Dumbacher\u003c/a>, the curator of birds and mammals at the California Academy of Sciences. “It’s a real challenge for us to live in harmony with nature. And I think without these kinds of laws we’d be in even worse trouble.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What do radio reporters do? They record sounds. Sometimes, rather strange sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science being a beat particularly rich in audible oddities (ever heard a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/07/redoubt-seismic-screams/\">volcano scream\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWkMWDSVZuQ\">tree sing?\u003c/a>), we decided to pull together a few of our favorites from 2013. To be clear, these are sounds we here at KQED Science either recorded or used in stories we produced. (And, ok, some of them aren’t sounds so much as “moments” we liked.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not telling you much about them — you can click through to the stories to read and hear more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 This \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/\">male elephant seal\u003c/a> in Ano Nuevo sounds like an old jalopy. That’s how the ladies like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/elephant-seal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#2 The times they are a changing, and, therefore, so are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/changing-foghorns/\">the foghorns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/new-vs-old-foghorn-on-san\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 An epileptic seizure,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/01/what-does-an-epileptic-seizure-sound-like/\"> translated into sound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/an-epileptic-seizure-in-sound\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#4 Some might say it’s a bad idea to stick your microphone into a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">field of burning grass\u003c/a>, but don’t tell that to Molly Samuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/prescribed-burn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#5 Speaking of close calls… here’s that time Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/\">got a little too close\u003c/a> to her subject: a mountain lion in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/close-brush-with-a-mountain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 “Hi.” Just “hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In Morse code, as heard by a billion dollar NASA spacecraft \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/11/en-route-to-jupiter-juno-sends-first-ever-video-of-earth-and-moon/\">bound for Jupiter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/1400-ham-radio-ops-say-hi-to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#7 \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/attack-of-the-killer-electrons-new-mission-searches-for-mysterious-space-particles/\">Killer electrons\u003c/a>: mysterious, satellite-trashing particles that travel at almost the speed of light. They get sped up by electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts that “sound” like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/killer-electron\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#8 This recording of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/\">a blue whale \u003c/a>– captured with an acoustic tag attached to the whale’s back – literally shook the studio when our engineer was mixing Lauren’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/blue-whale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#9 In the future, when people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">play their brains\u003c/a> like musical instruments, here’s what it might sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/neurodisco-frustrated-state\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#10 When Scientists Get Excited… \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/airborne-lasers-yield-better-measure-of-californias-water-supply/\">so do radio reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/woohoo\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What do radio reporters do? They record sounds. Sometimes, rather strange sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science being a beat particularly rich in audible oddities (ever heard a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/07/redoubt-seismic-screams/\">volcano scream\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWkMWDSVZuQ\">tree sing?\u003c/a>), we decided to pull together a few of our favorites from 2013. To be clear, these are sounds we here at KQED Science either recorded or used in stories we produced. (And, ok, some of them aren’t sounds so much as “moments” we liked.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not telling you much about them — you can click through to the stories to read and hear more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 This \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/\">male elephant seal\u003c/a> in Ano Nuevo sounds like an old jalopy. That’s how the ladies like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/elephant-seal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#2 The times they are a changing, and, therefore, so are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/changing-foghorns/\">the foghorns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/new-vs-old-foghorn-on-san\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 An epileptic seizure,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/01/what-does-an-epileptic-seizure-sound-like/\"> translated into sound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/an-epileptic-seizure-in-sound\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#4 Some might say it’s a bad idea to stick your microphone into a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">field of burning grass\u003c/a>, but don’t tell that to Molly Samuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/prescribed-burn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#5 Speaking of close calls… here’s that time Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/\">got a little too close\u003c/a> to her subject: a mountain lion in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/close-brush-with-a-mountain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 “Hi.” Just “hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In Morse code, as heard by a billion dollar NASA spacecraft \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/11/en-route-to-jupiter-juno-sends-first-ever-video-of-earth-and-moon/\">bound for Jupiter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/1400-ham-radio-ops-say-hi-to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#7 \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/attack-of-the-killer-electrons-new-mission-searches-for-mysterious-space-particles/\">Killer electrons\u003c/a>: mysterious, satellite-trashing particles that travel at almost the speed of light. They get sped up by electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts that “sound” like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/killer-electron\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#8 This recording of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/\">a blue whale \u003c/a>– captured with an acoustic tag attached to the whale’s back – literally shook the studio when our engineer was mixing Lauren’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/blue-whale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#9 In the future, when people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">play their brains\u003c/a> like musical instruments, here’s what it might sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/neurodisco-frustrated-state\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#10 When Scientists Get Excited… \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/airborne-lasers-yield-better-measure-of-californias-water-supply/\">so do radio reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/woohoo\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products",
"headTitle": "SF Clothing Company Accused of Knowingly Selling Lead-Laden Products | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\" alt=\"Fake leather goods sold at stores like Forever 21 may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goods sold Forever 21, Charlotte Russe and Wet Seal may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three youth-oriented clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, a neuro-toxin, according to testing done by the Oakland-based \u003ca title=\"CEH - main\" href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a> (CEH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the Charlotte Russe stores, a tip from an anonymous whistleblower in China suggests the company knew in advance of at least one violation, but sold the item anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">See the list of products found by CEH testing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fashion-accessories-chart.pdf\">contain lead\u003c/a>.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the California law known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, retailers must post warning signs if any of the products they sell contain lead. But the three retailers — Russe, Wet Seal, and Forever 21 — agreed in a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/prop65/settlements/2009-00446S1387.pdf?\">2010 settlement\u003c/a> to a stricter provision: to remove all but trace amounts of lead from their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Russe executives, contacted by phone and at the company’s San Francisco headquarters, declined to comment. Forever 21 did not respond to inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Wet Seal said that the company “ensures that its products are tested for lead and confirms passing test results before the products are shipped to stores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12365\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12365 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. \" width=\"329\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. (CEH)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotterusse.com/product/Shoes/Boots-Booties/entity/pc/2115/c/0/sc/2656/249002.uts?colorCode=301545917_218\">pair of boots\u003c/a> sold by Charlotte Russe was found to contain 6,905 parts per million of lead, 23 times the legal limit, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenfl.com/\">Livermore lab \u003c/a>hired by the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cream-and-red-colored handbag bought from Forever 21 in June, 2012, contained 41,200 parts per million of lead, 137 times the legal limit, according to CEH testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is a neurotoxin which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm\">can damage developing brains\u003c/a> in fetuses and children, causing lower IQ, increased aggression and other behavioral problems, according to the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health routinely tests consumer products for toxins, but, says CEH’s Research Director Carolyn Cox, the Charlotte Russe case marked the first time the organization received a tip from an anonymous source.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The Chinese lab results suggest Russe knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway,” says Cox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Center’s attorneys received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/charlotte-russe-letter.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> from an unnamed source in China. Inside was a photograph of a pair of boots made by the San Francisco-based Charlotte Russe, along with test results from a Chinese lab hired by Russe, showing that a part of the boot, a “light coffee coating” on the outsole and heel, contained 26 times the legal amount of lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, the Chinese lab results suggest that Charlotte Russe employees knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox’s colleagues ordered the boots online and ran their own testing at a California lab which found slightly higher lead levels than the Chinese lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoppers at the three retailers are particularly at risk, says Cox, because they tend to be young, female and at or approaching childbearing age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Three youth-focused clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, according to an Oakland-based nonprofit group.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/handbags.jpg\" alt=\"Fake leather goods sold at stores like Forever 21 may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Goods sold Forever 21, Charlotte Russe and Wet Seal may contain high levels of lead. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three youth-oriented clothing chains, including San Francisco-based retailer Charlotte Russe, sell products with illegal levels of lead, a neuro-toxin, according to testing done by the Oakland-based \u003ca title=\"CEH - main\" href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a> (CEH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the Charlotte Russe stores, a tip from an anonymous whistleblower in China suggests the company knew in advance of at least one violation, but sold the item anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">See the list of products found by CEH testing to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fashion-accessories-chart.pdf\">contain lead\u003c/a>.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the California law known as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, retailers must post warning signs if any of the products they sell contain lead. But the three retailers — Russe, Wet Seal, and Forever 21 — agreed in a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/system/files/prop65/settlements/2009-00446S1387.pdf?\">2010 settlement\u003c/a> to a stricter provision: to remove all but trace amounts of lead from their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Russe executives, contacted by phone and at the company’s San Francisco headquarters, declined to comment. Forever 21 did not respond to inquiries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Wet Seal said that the company “ensures that its products are tested for lead and confirms passing test results before the products are shipped to stores.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12365\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12365\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12365 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/FAT2120.jpg\" alt=\"Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. \" width=\"329\" height=\"247\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Parts of these Charlotte Russe boots contained lead levels more than 20 times the legal limit. (CEH)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotterusse.com/product/Shoes/Boots-Booties/entity/pc/2115/c/0/sc/2656/249002.uts?colorCode=301545917_218\">pair of boots\u003c/a> sold by Charlotte Russe was found to contain 6,905 parts per million of lead, 23 times the legal limit, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenfl.com/\">Livermore lab \u003c/a>hired by the Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cream-and-red-colored handbag bought from Forever 21 in June, 2012, contained 41,200 parts per million of lead, 137 times the legal limit, according to CEH testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead is a neurotoxin which \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002473.htm\">can damage developing brains\u003c/a> in fetuses and children, causing lower IQ, increased aggression and other behavioral problems, according to the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Environmental Health routinely tests consumer products for toxins, but, says CEH’s Research Director Carolyn Cox, the Charlotte Russe case marked the first time the organization received a tip from an anonymous source.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The Chinese lab results suggest Russe knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway,” says Cox.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Center’s attorneys received a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/charlotte-russe-letter.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> from an unnamed source in China. Inside was a photograph of a pair of boots made by the San Francisco-based Charlotte Russe, along with test results from a Chinese lab hired by Russe, showing that a part of the boot, a “light coffee coating” on the outsole and heel, contained 26 times the legal amount of lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cox, the Chinese lab results suggest that Charlotte Russe employees knew the shoes had toxic elements, “but they were selling the boot anyway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox’s colleagues ordered the boots online and ran their own testing at a California lab which found slightly higher lead levels than the Chinese lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shoppers at the three retailers are particularly at risk, says Cox, because they tend to be young, female and at or approaching childbearing age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Little Cheer for Some Big Sur Fire Evacuees",
"headTitle": "Little Cheer for Some Big Sur Fire Evacuees | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Residents are returning to their homes — or what remains of them — as crews continue “mopping up” the Big Sur wildfire that destroyed at least 34 homes, reportedly including that of the local fire chief. That’s a dozen more than officials had originally estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little challenging,” said Pfeiffer Ridge resident Tara Evans, who says she plans to spend Christmas Eve helping her sister, who lost her home in the blaze. During the evacuation, “We could look back down and see it burning,” she said. Evans put the best face on the tragedy. “We’re going to dig in and help them out,” she said. “It’s certainly going to be a joyous Christmas, to be back at home. We got out with our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designated as the \u003ca title=\"Inciweb - Pfeiffer\" href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/3761/\">Pfeiffer Fire\u003c/a>, the blaze began around midnight of December 17th and led to evacuations along Pfeiffer Ridge Road and burned more than 900 acres in the Los Padres National Forest west of Highway 1. Authorities declared the fire \u003ca title=\"Monterey Herald - post\" href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_24762072/big-sur-fire-running-out-steam\">fully contained\u003c/a> on Saturday. Incident Commander Kevin Poyner says that at its peak, as close to 1,000 firefighters and support personnel joined the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 489px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/PfeifferFire_grab.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12402\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12402 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/PfeifferFire_grab.jpg\" alt=\"The Pfeiffer Fire consumed more than 900 acres. (USFS/Inciweb)\" width=\"489\" height=\"283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pfeiffer Fire consumed more than 900 acres. (USFS/Inciweb)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities said that damage assessment teams had completed “preliminary” surveys over the weekend and found little remaining of some homes. About 100 residents were displaced, at least temporarily. Evans, who says she was “born and raised in Big Sur,” and been through several fires and road closures in the region, says, “Each time the community seems to come together stronger. The love and support we get from our neighbors literally blows me away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans, whose own home was spared, says neighbors were able to save some homes by pumping water out of a 30,000-gallon swimming pool. She nonetheless describes this fire as “incredibly hot” and “one of the more devastating” that she can recall. The fire was somewhat \u003ca title=\"NF - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/18/121124/\">unusual for this time of year\u003c/a>, when forests would normally be sodden by now with winter rains. But Evans says the particular spot where her home is located hadn’t burned in about 100 years, so a large amount of fuel had accumulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Published reports on Monday said that Forest Service officials were \u003ca title=\"Monterey Herald - post\" href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_24784100/forest-service-big-sur-fire-cause-be-revealed\">close to determining\u003c/a> what caused the fire but on Tuesday, Poyner told KQED that the fire is “still under investigation” and there is “no timeline” for an announcement of the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Residents are returning to their homes — or what remains of them — as crews continue “mopping up” the Big Sur wildfire that destroyed at least 34 homes, reportedly including that of the local fire chief. That’s a dozen more than officials had originally estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little challenging,” said Pfeiffer Ridge resident Tara Evans, who says she plans to spend Christmas Eve helping her sister, who lost her home in the blaze. During the evacuation, “We could look back down and see it burning,” she said. Evans put the best face on the tragedy. “We’re going to dig in and help them out,” she said. “It’s certainly going to be a joyous Christmas, to be back at home. We got out with our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designated as the \u003ca title=\"Inciweb - Pfeiffer\" href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/3761/\">Pfeiffer Fire\u003c/a>, the blaze began around midnight of December 17th and led to evacuations along Pfeiffer Ridge Road and burned more than 900 acres in the Los Padres National Forest west of Highway 1. Authorities declared the fire \u003ca title=\"Monterey Herald - post\" href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_24762072/big-sur-fire-running-out-steam\">fully contained\u003c/a> on Saturday. Incident Commander Kevin Poyner says that at its peak, as close to 1,000 firefighters and support personnel joined the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12402\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 489px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/PfeifferFire_grab.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12402\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12402 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/PfeifferFire_grab.jpg\" alt=\"The Pfeiffer Fire consumed more than 900 acres. (USFS/Inciweb)\" width=\"489\" height=\"283\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pfeiffer Fire consumed more than 900 acres. (USFS/Inciweb)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities said that damage assessment teams had completed “preliminary” surveys over the weekend and found little remaining of some homes. About 100 residents were displaced, at least temporarily. Evans, who says she was “born and raised in Big Sur,” and been through several fires and road closures in the region, says, “Each time the community seems to come together stronger. The love and support we get from our neighbors literally blows me away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans, whose own home was spared, says neighbors were able to save some homes by pumping water out of a 30,000-gallon swimming pool. She nonetheless describes this fire as “incredibly hot” and “one of the more devastating” that she can recall. The fire was somewhat \u003ca title=\"NF - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/18/121124/\">unusual for this time of year\u003c/a>, when forests would normally be sodden by now with winter rains. But Evans says the particular spot where her home is located hadn’t burned in about 100 years, so a large amount of fuel had accumulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Published reports on Monday said that Forest Service officials were \u003ca title=\"Monterey Herald - post\" href=\"http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_24784100/forest-service-big-sur-fire-cause-be-revealed\">close to determining\u003c/a> what caused the fire but on Tuesday, Poyner told KQED that the fire is “still under investigation” and there is “no timeline” for an announcement of the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "49ers Tackle Sustainability With New Green Stadium",
"headTitle": "49ers Tackle Sustainability With New Green Stadium | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/12/20131223science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On Monday the 49ers take the field for their last regular season game in Candlestick Park. Though they look good for the playoffs, this is likely their last game at Candlestick, period, ending a 43-year run in the stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niners fans may miss the cold weather at Candlestick (OK, maybe not all of them will), but, in addition to Santa Clara’s balmier weather, fans can look forward to solar panels, bicycle parking and a native plant garden. Levi’s Stadium — the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara — is being touted as the greenest stadium in the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12251 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\" alt=\"Levi's Stadium, the 49ers' new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED) \" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levi’s Stadium, the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The $1.3 billion project is almost complete. The day I visited, construction workers were installing interiors in the suites (those are inside the large glassy rectangle in the photo above) and putting seats in the stands. A big “Levi’s Stadium” sign was already up over one of the giant video boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium project executive Jack Hill showed me around the stadium, starting at the top. From the roof above the stadium’s suites (what Hill calls the suite tower) we had a view of San Francisco Bay on one side and the coastal hills on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We love coming up here. It’s kind of fun to see the progress on the stadium,” he said. “I tell everybody I’ve got the coolest job in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12291\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12291 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\" alt=\"As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"380\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Solar photovoltaic panels are installed here on the roof and on pedestrian bridges connecting the parking lot to the park. In total, there will be about 20,000 square feet of panels, enough to stretch from the end zone to the 50-yard line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They won’t provide all the electricity to run the stadium — actually only a small percentage of it — but by generating power all year, they’ll offset what’s used for up to 10 game days, according to team officials. Hill says, on average, a football game uses 3.5 to four megawatts, about as much power as 3,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other football stadiums with more solar panels, in Philadelphia and Washington D.C., for instance. But there’s one thing on the roof Hill is fairly sure no other team has yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The area that you see with all the black tarps over it, with the dirt underneath it, that’s our green roof,” he said. It will be a native plant garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill, who oversaw construction of the Dallas Cowboys’ new stadium, says he’s used to dealing with landscaping. (The point of all this, let’s not forget, is the football field.) But a rooftop garden takes some different thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want something that’s full, something that’s fairly low,” he said. “Something that’s easy to maintain. Something that doesn’t require a lot of water. And something that’s pretty.” Also, nothing with the colors of a rival team, like the Cowboys. “We avoid blue and silver, and I guess we’re gonna have to start avoiding green and blue, from the Seahawks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12292\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12292 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\" alt=\"There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi's Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi’s Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The garden and the field will be watered with recycled water, supplied by a nearby wastewater treatment plant. Hill took me down to field level to show me the pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like a little city down here. You have to maintain the field, you have to maintain all the electrical, plumbing,” he said. “You see the purple pipe? That’s all recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toilets in this stadium are low-flow, and they’ll use the recycled water, too. Other environmental measures include recycling most of the construction debris and using highly efficient LEDs for about 40 percent of the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium is on track to earn a gold certification from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgbc.org/leed\">U.S. Green Building Council\u003c/a>, the second-highest rating possible. It would be the first new pro-football stadium to earn LEED gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just what’s inside the stadium that makes it green. The team is encouraging more environmentally-friendly transportation to and from the games, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it and everybody parks right around the stadium,” said Kevin Riley, the director of planning and inspection for the city of Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from one of the suites in Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from one of the suites in Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were standing across the street from the stadium, which still has a fair amount of asphalt around it, though fewer dedicated parking spaces than most stadiums have. There are train tracks, too; the VTA, which connects to CalTrain, stops here and there’s an Amtrak stop nearby. There’s also bike parking, which opens up the possibility of bicycle tailgating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cars, Riley explained, to keep the stadium’s footprint smaller, it’s the team’s job to rent parking from nearby technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal always was, go out there and beat the bushes, find the guys who are willing to make some money off of selling parking spaces,” he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that hasn’t been totally successful: the 49ers haven’t found enough parking for Monday or Thursday night games, when fans would be pulling in before businesses close. So next season, home games will \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/southbayfootball/ci_24571696/49ers-wont-play-monday-night-football-at-santa\">be only on Sundays\u003c/a>. Opponents of the stadium \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_24543355/new-49ers-stadium-is-it-really-environmentally-friendly?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com\">have expressed concerns\u003c/a> about traffic and parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A green NFL stadium sets a good example, said David Lehrer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/\">Center for the Built Environment\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley’s. But he pointed out that being environmentally-friendly doesn’t just mean building green.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You go to one of these events, when you walk out it’s littered with all kinds of garbage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara will have recycling at the stadium, and Riley said they’re looking into composting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bu there’s the larger issue, Lehrer pointed out, of whether the stadium will be used enough to make up for all the energy that’s going into building it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candlestick, which opened in 1960, is one of the oldest parks in the NFL. Stadiums like nearly-90-year-old Soldier Field in Chicago are a rarity, because \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/08/14/nfl-stadiums-by-the-numbers/\">teams make money on new stadiums\u003c/a> by selling fancy seats, ad space and naming rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the best scenario for the 49ers’ green legacy could be for the team to play well and for the fans to keep coming, making it worth it for the Niners to stick around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12314\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know, at the end of the day, there’s going to be between 65– and 70,00 people that are going to sit in a seat, order a hotdog, go to the restroom, and enjoy the entertainment on the field,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium’s first event will be in August 2014, when San Jose’s pro-soccer team the Earthquakes break in the field. The Niners pick it up that fall. And Santa Clara will host the Super Bowl in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>On Monday the 49ers take the field for their last regular season game in Candlestick Park. Though they look good for the playoffs, this is likely their last game at Candlestick, period, ending a 43-year run in the stadium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niners fans may miss the cold weather at Candlestick (OK, maybe not all of them will), but, in addition to Santa Clara’s balmier weather, fans can look forward to solar panels, bicycle parking and a native plant garden. Levi’s Stadium — the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara — is being touted as the greenest stadium in the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12251\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12251 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumview.jpg\" alt=\"Levi's Stadium, the 49ers' new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED) \" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Levi’s Stadium, the 49ers’ new home in Santa Clara, is replacing Candlestick, one of the oldest parks in the NFL. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The $1.3 billion project is almost complete. The day I visited, construction workers were installing interiors in the suites (those are inside the large glassy rectangle in the photo above) and putting seats in the stands. A big “Levi’s Stadium” sign was already up over one of the giant video boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium project executive Jack Hill showed me around the stadium, starting at the top. From the roof above the stadium’s suites (what Hill calls the suite tower) we had a view of San Francisco Bay on one side and the coastal hills on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We love coming up here. It’s kind of fun to see the progress on the stadium,” he said. “I tell everybody I’ve got the coolest job in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12291\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12291 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_5134.jpg\" alt=\"As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"380\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As project executive, Jack Hill oversees the construction of Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Solar photovoltaic panels are installed here on the roof and on pedestrian bridges connecting the parking lot to the park. In total, there will be about 20,000 square feet of panels, enough to stretch from the end zone to the 50-yard line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They won’t provide all the electricity to run the stadium — actually only a small percentage of it — but by generating power all year, they’ll offset what’s used for up to 10 game days, according to team officials. Hill says, on average, a football game uses 3.5 to four megawatts, about as much power as 3,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other football stadiums with more solar panels, in Philadelphia and Washington D.C., for instance. But there’s one thing on the roof Hill is fairly sure no other team has yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The area that you see with all the black tarps over it, with the dirt underneath it, that’s our green roof,” he said. It will be a native plant garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hill, who oversaw construction of the Dallas Cowboys’ new stadium, says he’s used to dealing with landscaping. (The point of all this, let’s not forget, is the football field.) But a rooftop garden takes some different thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want something that’s full, something that’s fairly low,” he said. “Something that’s easy to maintain. Something that doesn’t require a lot of water. And something that’s pretty.” Also, nothing with the colors of a rival team, like the Cowboys. “We avoid blue and silver, and I guess we’re gonna have to start avoiding green and blue, from the Seahawks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12292\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12292 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/stadiumroof.jpg\" alt=\"There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi's Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There will be a garden on the roof over the suites in Levi’s Stadium. Solar panels are mounted on the structure on left side. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The garden and the field will be watered with recycled water, supplied by a nearby wastewater treatment plant. Hill took me down to field level to show me the pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is like a little city down here. You have to maintain the field, you have to maintain all the electrical, plumbing,” he said. “You see the purple pipe? That’s all recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toilets in this stadium are low-flow, and they’ll use the recycled water, too. Other environmental measures include recycling most of the construction debris and using highly efficient LEDs for about 40 percent of the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium is on track to earn a gold certification from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgbc.org/leed\">U.S. Green Building Council\u003c/a>, the second-highest rating possible. It would be the first new pro-football stadium to earn LEED gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just what’s inside the stadium that makes it green. The team is encouraging more environmentally-friendly transportation to and from the games, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the traditional arrangement is a stadium with a sea of asphalt around it and everybody parks right around the stadium,” said Kevin Riley, the director of planning and inspection for the city of Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12312\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12312\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/suiteview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from one of the suites in Levi's Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from one of the suites in Levi’s Stadium. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We were standing across the street from the stadium, which still has a fair amount of asphalt around it, though fewer dedicated parking spaces than most stadiums have. There are train tracks, too; the VTA, which connects to CalTrain, stops here and there’s an Amtrak stop nearby. There’s also bike parking, which opens up the possibility of bicycle tailgating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for cars, Riley explained, to keep the stadium’s footprint smaller, it’s the team’s job to rent parking from nearby technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal always was, go out there and beat the bushes, find the guys who are willing to make some money off of selling parking spaces,” he told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that hasn’t been totally successful: the 49ers haven’t found enough parking for Monday or Thursday night games, when fans would be pulling in before businesses close. So next season, home games will \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/southbayfootball/ci_24571696/49ers-wont-play-monday-night-football-at-santa\">be only on Sundays\u003c/a>. Opponents of the stadium \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_24543355/new-49ers-stadium-is-it-really-environmentally-friendly?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com\">have expressed concerns\u003c/a> about traffic and parking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A green NFL stadium sets a good example, said David Lehrer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/\">Center for the Built Environment\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley’s. But he pointed out that being environmentally-friendly doesn’t just mean building green.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You go to one of these events, when you walk out it’s littered with all kinds of garbage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara will have recycling at the stadium, and Riley said they’re looking into composting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bu there’s the larger issue, Lehrer pointed out, of whether the stadium will be used enough to make up for all the energy that’s going into building it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the important thing is that people are building buildings and structures and spaces that are going to be used for a long time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candlestick, which opened in 1960, is one of the oldest parks in the NFL. Stadiums like nearly-90-year-old Soldier Field in Chicago are a rarity, because \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kurtbadenhausen/2013/08/14/nfl-stadiums-by-the-numbers/\">teams make money on new stadiums\u003c/a> by selling fancy seats, ad space and naming rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the best scenario for the 49ers’ green legacy could be for the team to play well and for the fans to keep coming, making it worth it for the Niners to stick around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12314\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/fieldview.jpg\" alt=\"The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from the field. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know, at the end of the day, there’s going to be between 65– and 70,00 people that are going to sit in a seat, order a hotdog, go to the restroom, and enjoy the entertainment on the field,” Hill said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi’s Stadium’s first event will be in August 2014, when San Jose’s pro-soccer team the Earthquakes break in the field. The Niners pick it up that fall. And Santa Clara will host the Super Bowl in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Historic San Jose Observatory Faces Closure",
"headTitle": "Historic San Jose Observatory Faces Closure | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 717px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/lick_vpanicker.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12134\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12134 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/lick_vpanicker.jpg\" alt=\"Mt. Hamilton's Lick Observatory houses the most powerful telescope in Northern California. (flickr/vpanicker)\" width=\"717\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mt. Hamilton’s Lick Observatory houses the most powerful telescope in Northern California. (flickr/vpanicker)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An historic observatory near San Jose is in danger of being mothballed, if University of California officials can’t come up with new sources of revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When James Lick built his observatory on top of Mount Hamilton in 1888, it offered the most powerful telescope in the world. He even had himself buried under it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UC officials say in lean times, funds should go instead to the more modern Keck observatory in Hawaii, as well as an international collaboration, the Thirty-Meter Telescope, or TMT, also in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2013/1216/20131216__lick~1.JPG\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_24734951/lick-observatorys-astronomy-research-could-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lick Observatory’s astronomy research could end\u003c/a>The future of astronomical research at the iconic Lick Observatory is in peril, as the University of California threatens to cut funding and perhaps even convert most of its once-cutting-edge Mount Hamilton telescopes into museum relics.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fscience%2Fci_24734951%2Flick-observatorys-astronomy-research-could-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nFor younger researchers working on smaller projects, as well as long-term projects like the search for supernovae and exoplanets, Lick has been a workhorse, says UC Santa Cruz Astronomy Professor Garth Illingworth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are things that could be done better with a big telescope,” says Illingworth. “But you don’t get very much time on a big telescope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Panel is recommending that the University of California stop funding the Lick Observatory in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Lick Observatory, on top of Mount Hamilton, is in danger of being mothballed if University of California officials can't come up with new sources of revenue. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 717px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/lick_vpanicker.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12134\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12134 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/lick_vpanicker.jpg\" alt=\"Mt. Hamilton's Lick Observatory houses the most powerful telescope in Northern California. (flickr/vpanicker)\" width=\"717\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mt. Hamilton’s Lick Observatory houses the most powerful telescope in Northern California. (flickr/vpanicker)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An historic observatory near San Jose is in danger of being mothballed, if University of California officials can’t come up with new sources of revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When James Lick built his observatory on top of Mount Hamilton in 1888, it offered the most powerful telescope in the world. He even had himself buried under it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But UC officials say in lean times, funds should go instead to the more modern Keck observatory in Hawaii, as well as an international collaboration, the Thirty-Meter Telescope, or TMT, also in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://extras.mnginteractive.com/live/media/site568/2013/1216/20131216__lick~1.JPG\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_24734951/lick-observatorys-astronomy-research-could-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lick Observatory’s astronomy research could end\u003c/a>The future of astronomical research at the iconic Lick Observatory is in peril, as the University of California threatens to cut funding and perhaps even convert most of its once-cutting-edge Mount Hamilton telescopes into museum relics.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2Fscience%2Fci_24734951%2Flick-observatorys-astronomy-research-could-end\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nFor younger researchers working on smaller projects, as well as long-term projects like the search for supernovae and exoplanets, Lick has been a workhorse, says UC Santa Cruz Astronomy Professor Garth Illingworth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are things that could be done better with a big telescope,” says Illingworth. “But you don’t get very much time on a big telescope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Panel is recommending that the University of California stop funding the Lick Observatory in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Money, Environmental Concerns Could Sink Governor's Delta Water Plan",
"headTitle": "Money, Environmental Concerns Could Sink Governor’s Delta Water Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/12/20131216science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/NoTunnels.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/NoTunnels.jpg\" alt=\"Major hurdles remain for a $25 billion plan for the state's water supply, centered at Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major hurdles remain for a $25 billion plan for the state’s water supply, centered at the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The floodgates are open for public feedback on California’s plans for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Starting Friday, the Brown administration is \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/PublicReview/HowtoComment.aspx\">accepting comments\u003c/a> on the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> – its effort to stem the decades-long battle over the hub of the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials say the water supply for 25 million Californians from the Bay Area to San Diego is at stake, as is the health of the largest estuary on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From my perspective, this is really our last shot for decades to come,” says Mark Cowin, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “And from what we know about the risks that the Delta faces, perhaps our last shot to save the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $25 billion plan calls for constructing two water tunnels, 35 miles each, that would run underneath the Delta. The tunnels would send water to the existing infrastructure that runs to the Bay Area, Central Valley and Southern California. Today, outdated pumping plants move water out of the Delta, which scientists say harm endangered fish species. The plan also includes more than 100,000 acres of habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is sure to get an earful from the public over the next four months. Objections have already been raised by Delta residents concerned over the impact of the construction project. Environmental groups say the plan may not do enough for threatened fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What would need to happen for the plan to move ahead? Here are a few outstanding questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Does the plan do enough to help endangered fish?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta’s fish species, including Chinook salmon and Delta smelt, have taken a nose dive over the last decade. According to biologists, that’s happening for many reasons, but there are three main ones:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Huge water pumping plants harm fish populations by pulling masses of fish toward the pumps, attracting predators and changing the natural flow of the San Joaquin River.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than 95 percent of the Delta’s historic wetland habitat has been lost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In some years, more than half of the Delta’s freshwater is pumped out, harming species like Delta smelt and longfin smelt.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”d4fa5a7bb7be52eb4a60b5ddcf96233d”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s proposed plan would address the first two problems, at least in some form. The existing pumping plants would still be used about half the time, even with the tunnels in place. Habitat restoration, including 65,000 acres of tidal wetlands, could aid juvenile salmon migrating out of the Delta, though the benefits are less clear for other species like Delta smelt and longfin smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But major questions remain on freshwater flows. The state is considering two scenarios for how much water the new project would deliver to water districts – one providing about 10 percent more than is currently pumped and one providing about 10 percent less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project will need a permit from federal wildlife agencies (like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/sfbaydelta/index.cfm\">Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\"> National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a>) that will review the impact of scenarios on Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. The agencies have indicated that more freshwater flows are needed for fish, especially in the spring and fall, and are likely to choose the scenario with lower water exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fish agencies have acknowledged that they will likely make a finding at the time of permit regarding the need for those spring and fall outflows,” says Cowin. “They’ve also said they’ll revisit that decision before we begin project operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. If the project delivers less water to water districts, will they still pay for the tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of constructing the tunnels, around $17 billion, would be covered by the water districts that would benefit, including Santa Clara Valley Water District, Westlands Water District and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The cost would then be passed on to their customers through water prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 411px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/tunnelmap-826x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11892\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/tunnelmap-826x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Click image to enlarge.\" width=\"411\" height=\"508\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click image to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Several water districts have said it will be challenging to support a project that provides less water than they’re getting today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t come out of this planning process with a preferred alternative that provides more water than we’re getting today, I can’t imagine people making decisions to invest,” says Jason Peltier of \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people who are being asked to pay for this project are looking at how much water will they get for their money,” says Jim Beck, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcwa.com/\">Kern County Water Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cowin of the Department of Water Resources says climate change makes a future without the tunnels even more uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard sell for those that would pay for the project,” says Cowin. “The case to be made is that if they don’t make this investment, they will see their water supply reliability plummet to drastic lower levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cowin expects the remaining $8 billion for the plan to come from Congress and future state water bonds. That money would restore wetlands and other habitat to help endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a long term 50-year program so we don’t need all the money in vault right now in order to carry it out, but we do need a commitment from the state of California that this is a worthy investment,” says Cowin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are now writing a water bond for next November’s ballot. The question is whether California voters will see it as priority.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Governor Jerry Brown's Bay Delta Conservation Plan is now open for public comment. State officials say the water supply for 25 million Californians from the Bay Area to San Diego is at stake, as is the health of the largest estuary on the West Coast. But before it can move forward, the project needs money and buy-in from wary water district managers and skeptical federal regulators. ",
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"title": "Money, Environmental Concerns Could Sink Governor's Delta Water Plan | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12082\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/NoTunnels.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/NoTunnels.jpg\" alt=\"Major hurdles remain for a $25 billion plan for the state's water supply, centered at Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major hurdles remain for a $25 billion plan for the state’s water supply, centered at the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The floodgates are open for public feedback on California’s plans for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Starting Friday, the Brown administration is \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/PublicReview/HowtoComment.aspx\">accepting comments\u003c/a> on the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a> – its effort to stem the decades-long battle over the hub of the state’s water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials say the water supply for 25 million Californians from the Bay Area to San Diego is at stake, as is the health of the largest estuary on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From my perspective, this is really our last shot for decades to come,” says Mark Cowin, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “And from what we know about the risks that the Delta faces, perhaps our last shot to save the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $25 billion plan calls for constructing two water tunnels, 35 miles each, that would run underneath the Delta. The tunnels would send water to the existing infrastructure that runs to the Bay Area, Central Valley and Southern California. Today, outdated pumping plants move water out of the Delta, which scientists say harm endangered fish species. The plan also includes more than 100,000 acres of habitat restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is sure to get an earful from the public over the next four months. Objections have already been raised by Delta residents concerned over the impact of the construction project. Environmental groups say the plan may not do enough for threatened fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What would need to happen for the plan to move ahead? Here are a few outstanding questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Does the plan do enough to help endangered fish?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta’s fish species, including Chinook salmon and Delta smelt, have taken a nose dive over the last decade. According to biologists, that’s happening for many reasons, but there are three main ones:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Huge water pumping plants harm fish populations by pulling masses of fish toward the pumps, attracting predators and changing the natural flow of the San Joaquin River.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than 95 percent of the Delta’s historic wetland habitat has been lost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In some years, more than half of the Delta’s freshwater is pumped out, harming species like Delta smelt and longfin smelt.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s proposed plan would address the first two problems, at least in some form. The existing pumping plants would still be used about half the time, even with the tunnels in place. Habitat restoration, including 65,000 acres of tidal wetlands, could aid juvenile salmon migrating out of the Delta, though the benefits are less clear for other species like Delta smelt and longfin smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But major questions remain on freshwater flows. The state is considering two scenarios for how much water the new project would deliver to water districts – one providing about 10 percent more than is currently pumped and one providing about 10 percent less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project will need a permit from federal wildlife agencies (like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/sfbaydelta/index.cfm\">Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\"> National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a>) that will review the impact of scenarios on Delta smelt and Chinook salmon. The agencies have indicated that more freshwater flows are needed for fish, especially in the spring and fall, and are likely to choose the scenario with lower water exports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fish agencies have acknowledged that they will likely make a finding at the time of permit regarding the need for those spring and fall outflows,” says Cowin. “They’ve also said they’ll revisit that decision before we begin project operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. If the project delivers less water to water districts, will they still pay for the tunnels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of constructing the tunnels, around $17 billion, would be covered by the water districts that would benefit, including Santa Clara Valley Water District, Westlands Water District and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The cost would then be passed on to their customers through water prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 411px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/tunnelmap-826x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11892\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/tunnelmap-826x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Click image to enlarge.\" width=\"411\" height=\"508\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click image to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Several water districts have said it will be challenging to support a project that provides less water than they’re getting today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t come out of this planning process with a preferred alternative that provides more water than we’re getting today, I can’t imagine people making decisions to invest,” says Jason Peltier of \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people who are being asked to pay for this project are looking at how much water will they get for their money,” says Jim Beck, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcwa.com/\">Kern County Water Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cowin of the Department of Water Resources says climate change makes a future without the tunnels even more uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard sell for those that would pay for the project,” says Cowin. “The case to be made is that if they don’t make this investment, they will see their water supply reliability plummet to drastic lower levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cowin expects the remaining $8 billion for the plan to come from Congress and future state water bonds. That money would restore wetlands and other habitat to help endangered species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a long term 50-year program so we don’t need all the money in vault right now in order to carry it out, but we do need a commitment from the state of California that this is a worthy investment,” says Cowin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are now writing a water bond for next November’s ballot. The question is whether California voters will see it as priority.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Jupiter's Moon Has Vast Geysers, Says NASA",
"headTitle": "Jupiter’s Moon Has Vast Geysers, Says NASA | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/artistsconcept_13-371.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11981\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11981 \" title=\"Vapor plumes on Europa\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/artistsconcept_13-371.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"523\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s concept of a giant geyser erupting from the icy surface of Europa, about 500 million miles from the sun. (NASA/ESA/K)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today in San Francisco, NASA scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/press/2013/december/hubble-space-telescope-sees-evidence-of-water-vapor-venting-off-jovian-moon/#.Uqnyz439qmE\">announced\u003c/a> that Europa — one of dozens of moons belonging to the largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter – appears to have giant geysers erupting from its southern pole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The existence of geysers bolsters the current belief that Europa’s icy crust covers a vast saltwater ocean, possibly with underwater volcanoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s life swimming around down there, the geysers are most certainly spewing it onto Europa’s surface and into the atmosphere — at a rate of approximately seven tons of material per second — where future NASA missions might be able to grab and study it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the vapor comes from the oceans below, then we have a new way to explore its composition,” said NASA’s Kurt Retherford, also of Southwest Research Institute, speaking at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Who would have thought that a moon around a giant planet could have the conditions necessary for life to begin?” – James Green, NASA\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The observations come from the Hubble Space Telescope’s spectrograph, which captures ultraviolet images. They wouldn’t have been possible without astronauts who, in 2009, completed one of the longest \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/6712-astronauts-repair-key-hubble-device-tough-spacewalk.html\">space walks\u003c/a> in history — over eight hours — to fix the instrument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long suspected that Europa could harbor life. But without a way to puncture the moon’s thick icy crust, further understanding seemed elusive. The vapor plumes could change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, scientists have only spotted the plumes at Europa’s south pole, but north pole plumes may exist as well, said scientists at the press conference. “We want to explore those too,” said James Green, NASA’s Chief of Planetary Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plumes appear to come and go as the moon is influenced by Jupiter’s powerful magnetic field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Europa gets close to Jupiter,” said Francis Nimmo, a professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UC Santa Cruz, the moon “gets stretched and the poles get squished. And so when the poles are getting squished, all the cracks close up. And then as it moves further away, it becomes unsquished, the poles move outwards. And that’s when the cracks open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 278px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/pia17657-full.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11985\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11985 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/pia17657-full.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's concept of an explosion on Europa's surface resulting from an impact from a space rock. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)\" width=\"278\" height=\"289\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s concept of an explosion on Europa’s surface resulting from an impact from a space rock. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its liquid water and internal heat source, Europa is starting to look like one of, if not the best, candidate for finding extra-terrestrial life in our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes as a surprise to astronomers who long believed the solar system’s “habitable zone” — where heat from the sun would allow for the presence of liquid water — ended at Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we saw Europa and realized that it had the energy, the organics, and certainly the water,” said Green, “it changed our ideas to where habitable zones can exist. We now believe habitable zones can exist around these large planets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A spectacular collision with an asteroid or comet could have delivered the building blocks of life.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This week scientists also announced new findings based on 15-year old data collected by NASA’s Galileo Mission, showing that clay-type minerals on Europa’s surface appear to have been delivered by a spectacular collision with an asteroid or comet about the size of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/meet-comet-ison-our-icyfiery-visitor-from-the-oort-cloud/\">Comet ISON\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That object may have delivered organic materials that could, over time, give rise to life in Europa’s ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Shirley, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, says if life exists on Europa, it might be comparable to life found near deep-sea vents here on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know on Earth that life can evolve in the absence of light, with the right chemistry,” said Shirley. “And so one of the questions about this is how would we get carbon, the building blocks of life, into the ocean? And we have evidence now that impacts can bring the carbon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the energy, the water, and now organics,” said Green, “that really means life could exist on Europa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mission, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/\">Clipper\u003c/a>, currently in the concept stage, could send a spacecraft into Europa’s plumes to sample and analyze the vapor and any traces of life. But with an estimated price tag of several billion dollars – similar to the cost of the Curiosity Mars Rover – that mission could be a decade off, or more, said Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 404px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/artistsconcept_13-371.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11981\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11981 \" title=\"Vapor plumes on Europa\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/artistsconcept_13-371.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"404\" height=\"523\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s concept of a giant geyser erupting from the icy surface of Europa, about 500 million miles from the sun. (NASA/ESA/K)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today in San Francisco, NASA scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/press/2013/december/hubble-space-telescope-sees-evidence-of-water-vapor-venting-off-jovian-moon/#.Uqnyz439qmE\">announced\u003c/a> that Europa — one of dozens of moons belonging to the largest planet in our solar system, Jupiter – appears to have giant geysers erupting from its southern pole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The existence of geysers bolsters the current belief that Europa’s icy crust covers a vast saltwater ocean, possibly with underwater volcanoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s life swimming around down there, the geysers are most certainly spewing it onto Europa’s surface and into the atmosphere — at a rate of approximately seven tons of material per second — where future NASA missions might be able to grab and study it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the vapor comes from the oceans below, then we have a new way to explore its composition,” said NASA’s Kurt Retherford, also of Southwest Research Institute, speaking at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Who would have thought that a moon around a giant planet could have the conditions necessary for life to begin?” – James Green, NASA\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The observations come from the Hubble Space Telescope’s spectrograph, which captures ultraviolet images. They wouldn’t have been possible without astronauts who, in 2009, completed one of the longest \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/6712-astronauts-repair-key-hubble-device-tough-spacewalk.html\">space walks\u003c/a> in history — over eight hours — to fix the instrument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long suspected that Europa could harbor life. But without a way to puncture the moon’s thick icy crust, further understanding seemed elusive. The vapor plumes could change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, scientists have only spotted the plumes at Europa’s south pole, but north pole plumes may exist as well, said scientists at the press conference. “We want to explore those too,” said James Green, NASA’s Chief of Planetary Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plumes appear to come and go as the moon is influenced by Jupiter’s powerful magnetic field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Europa gets close to Jupiter,” said Francis Nimmo, a professor in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at UC Santa Cruz, the moon “gets stretched and the poles get squished. And so when the poles are getting squished, all the cracks close up. And then as it moves further away, it becomes unsquished, the poles move outwards. And that’s when the cracks open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 278px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/pia17657-full.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11985\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11985 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/pia17657-full.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's concept of an explosion on Europa's surface resulting from an impact from a space rock. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)\" width=\"278\" height=\"289\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s concept of an explosion on Europa’s surface resulting from an impact from a space rock. (NASA/JPL-Caltech)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its liquid water and internal heat source, Europa is starting to look like one of, if not the best, candidate for finding extra-terrestrial life in our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes as a surprise to astronomers who long believed the solar system’s “habitable zone” — where heat from the sun would allow for the presence of liquid water — ended at Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we saw Europa and realized that it had the energy, the organics, and certainly the water,” said Green, “it changed our ideas to where habitable zones can exist. We now believe habitable zones can exist around these large planets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A spectacular collision with an asteroid or comet could have delivered the building blocks of life.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This week scientists also announced new findings based on 15-year old data collected by NASA’s Galileo Mission, showing that clay-type minerals on Europa’s surface appear to have been delivered by a spectacular collision with an asteroid or comet about the size of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/meet-comet-ison-our-icyfiery-visitor-from-the-oort-cloud/\">Comet ISON\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That object may have delivered organic materials that could, over time, give rise to life in Europa’s ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Shirley, a research scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, says if life exists on Europa, it might be comparable to life found near deep-sea vents here on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know on Earth that life can evolve in the absence of light, with the right chemistry,” said Shirley. “And so one of the questions about this is how would we get carbon, the building blocks of life, into the ocean? And we have evidence now that impacts can bring the carbon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the energy, the water, and now organics,” said Green, “that really means life could exist on Europa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One mission, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/\">Clipper\u003c/a>, currently in the concept stage, could send a spacecraft into Europa’s plumes to sample and analyze the vapor and any traces of life. But with an estimated price tag of several billion dollars – similar to the cost of the Curiosity Mars Rover – that mission could be a decade off, or more, said Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
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