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"content": "\u003cp>The wind energy company that received a controversial extension in March to continue operating hundreds of old wind turbines in the Altamont Pass is now planning to shut them down, according to an email KQED has obtained. The company might also be replacing them with fewer new turbines, a move that would make its operation safer for birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Winds, Inc. (AWI), one of the largest operators in the East Bay’s Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, told the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in an Oct. 23 email that it is permanently shutting down all its turbines there by Sunday. The company operates 828 turbines in the Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91965\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sudden move is important, environmentalists say, because hundreds of birds die at the Altamont each year after getting hit by wind turbine blades, colliding with windmills, or becoming trapped inside them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good outcome for birds in the Altamont,” says Michael Lynes, director of public policy for Audubon California, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other wind companies that own turbines in the Altamont, NextEra and EDF Renewable Energy, are replacing hundreds of old turbines with fewer, more powerful and more carefully sited turbines, a measure referred to as “repowering” that biologists say can reduce bird deaths. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91966\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By keeping turbines out of low-lying areas of the Altamont, for example, companies could help golden eagles, says biologist Joe DiDonato, who is part of a team that has been monitoring 18 of these birds through radio transmitters. Golden eagles can hit a turbine as they fly low in the terrain in search of prey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re using that hill as a camouflage to slip around the corner and maybe grab an unsuspecting squirrel,” said DiDonato on a recent visit to the Altamont Pass area, as he pointed to a golden eagle flying nearby. “If they’re coming around the low end of a ridge and the wind picks them up, it could push them towards a wind turbine blade as well.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91963\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91963\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concern About Birds Said to Prompt Closure \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI’s permit from Alameda County had required the company to remove its turbines this year, in order to reduce bird deaths. But the company instead applied for a three-year extension to the county, which oversees operation of most of the 78-square-mile Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Alameda County, Jill Birchell, special agent in charge of the USFWS’ Office of Law Enforcement for California and Nevada wrote that turbines “owned and operated” by AWI in the Altamont had been associated with the death or injury of 67 golden eagles between 2004 and 2014. She recommended that the county deny AWI’s request to extend its operation permit for its turbines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on March 24, the county’s board of supervisors gave AWI a controversial extension that allowed the Tracy wind company to continue operating its old-generation turbines until 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abruptly last week, on Oct. 23, AWI vice president Bill Damon sent an email to the USFWS in Sacramento informing the agency of its decision to close down all its Altamont turbines by Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reduction of avian impacts was a primary factor that influenced our decision to discontinue operating our Altamont wind farms,” Damon wrote in his email. KQED has obtained a copy of the email, but neither Damon nor AWI president Rick Koebbe returned calls and emails seeking confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Black Eye’ for Wind Energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Shawn Smallwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the early 1980s, wind companies installed 7,000 turbines in the Altamont Pass. Shortly after the wind farms opened, scientists discovered the turbines were killing hundreds of birds of prey each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont was sort of seen as a black eye for renewable energy,” says the Audubon’s Lynes, “because anytime someone was proposing a new wind farm, it would raise the specter of the Altamont Pass.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, several local chapters of the Audubon Society, as well as other environmental groups, sued to force wind companies to protect birds in the Altamont. The settlement reached in 2007 required Alameda County and wind companies to cut bird mortality in half by 2009. To that end, companies agreed to remove turbines that biologists deemed to be most dangerous to birds. They also began to shut down their turbines during the winter months, when electricity demand is lowest and bird activity highest. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91968\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Altamont Pass has only about 3,000 turbines now. But statistics compiled by the county in 2014 show bird mortality has decreased by only 25 to 40 percent, depending on the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI, which is based in Tracy, has applied for a permit from Alameda County to replace 511 of its turbines with 33 new turbines, says Sandra Rivera, of the Alameda County Planning Department. Rivera says the East County Board of Zoning Adjustments is scheduled to hear AWI’s request for this repowering permit on Nov. 19. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new 33 turbines would together produce as much energy as the 511 old turbines, a total of 54 MW. This is equivalent to one sixth of the Altamont’s total current capacity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivera calls the news that AWI plans to shut down all its turbines and seek a permit to replace most of them “a big deal.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They (AWI) will be in sync with the rest of the repowering,” Rivera says. “And the old-gen turbines, which are known to cause more fatalities, will be removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county requires companies to remove any turbines they shut down within a year of doing so, says Rivera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91961\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91961\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Only as we do the careful repowering can we hope to reduce the overall kill rates of golden eagles,” says Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District. “Not only should energy production be sustainable in terms of carbon off-sets; it should also be sustainable in terms of the wildlife and the local impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Golden Eagles Better Protected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are of particular concern in the Altamont Pass, which is part of the densest nesting area for these raptors in the world, Bell says. According to Alameda County estimates, wind turbines at Altamont killed some 35 golden eagles in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont is killing more eagles than the local population can reproduce,” says Bell, who does research on golden eagles. “It’s taking out more youngsters than they can produce and replace themselves with. Their population is going down the drain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are protected by federal law and it’s illegal to kill a single eagle. Wind energy has tripled in the country in the past seven years and the federal government has stepped up enforcement of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91962\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91962\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice, with help from the USFWS, has prosecuted two wind energy companies—Duke Energy Renewables and PacifiCorp Energy—for the killing of golden eagles and other birds on their wind farms in Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014 the USFWS awarded its first so-called eagle “take” permit. These permits allow wind energy companies to kill a small number of golden eagles each year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prosecution of those two companies certainly sent a message to companies across the country that the Service will, and can, prosecute companies for violation of the Bald and Golden Eagle Act,” says U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) spokesperson Scott Flaherty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USFWS has 16 open investigations on wind energy companies around the country, Flaherty says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has opened a criminal investigation of one company doing business in the Altamont concerning its turbines’ “take” of golden eagles, Birchell said in an email in July. Birchell wouldn’t say which company the agency was investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon hearing that AWI has told the USFWS it will shut down all its turbines, Bell, the golden eagle researcher, says he is \"relieved.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the right thing to do,” says Bell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The wind energy company that received a controversial extension in March to continue operating hundreds of old wind turbines in the Altamont Pass is now planning to shut them down, according to an email KQED has obtained. The company might also be replacing them with fewer new turbines, a move that would make its operation safer for birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Winds, Inc. (AWI), one of the largest operators in the East Bay’s Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, told the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in an Oct. 23 email that it is permanently shutting down all its turbines there by Sunday. The company operates 828 turbines in the Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91965\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sudden move is important, environmentalists say, because hundreds of birds die at the Altamont each year after getting hit by wind turbine blades, colliding with windmills, or becoming trapped inside them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good outcome for birds in the Altamont,” says Michael Lynes, director of public policy for Audubon California, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other wind companies that own turbines in the Altamont, NextEra and EDF Renewable Energy, are replacing hundreds of old turbines with fewer, more powerful and more carefully sited turbines, a measure referred to as “repowering” that biologists say can reduce bird deaths. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91966\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By keeping turbines out of low-lying areas of the Altamont, for example, companies could help golden eagles, says biologist Joe DiDonato, who is part of a team that has been monitoring 18 of these birds through radio transmitters. Golden eagles can hit a turbine as they fly low in the terrain in search of prey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re using that hill as a camouflage to slip around the corner and maybe grab an unsuspecting squirrel,” said DiDonato on a recent visit to the Altamont Pass area, as he pointed to a golden eagle flying nearby. “If they’re coming around the low end of a ridge and the wind picks them up, it could push them towards a wind turbine blade as well.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91963\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91963\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concern About Birds Said to Prompt Closure \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI’s permit from Alameda County had required the company to remove its turbines this year, in order to reduce bird deaths. But the company instead applied for a three-year extension to the county, which oversees operation of most of the 78-square-mile Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Alameda County, Jill Birchell, special agent in charge of the USFWS’ Office of Law Enforcement for California and Nevada wrote that turbines “owned and operated” by AWI in the Altamont had been associated with the death or injury of 67 golden eagles between 2004 and 2014. She recommended that the county deny AWI’s request to extend its operation permit for its turbines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on March 24, the county’s board of supervisors gave AWI a controversial extension that allowed the Tracy wind company to continue operating its old-generation turbines until 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abruptly last week, on Oct. 23, AWI vice president Bill Damon sent an email to the USFWS in Sacramento informing the agency of its decision to close down all its Altamont turbines by Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reduction of avian impacts was a primary factor that influenced our decision to discontinue operating our Altamont wind farms,” Damon wrote in his email. KQED has obtained a copy of the email, but neither Damon nor AWI president Rick Koebbe returned calls and emails seeking confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Black Eye’ for Wind Energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Shawn Smallwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the early 1980s, wind companies installed 7,000 turbines in the Altamont Pass. Shortly after the wind farms opened, scientists discovered the turbines were killing hundreds of birds of prey each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont was sort of seen as a black eye for renewable energy,” says the Audubon’s Lynes, “because anytime someone was proposing a new wind farm, it would raise the specter of the Altamont Pass.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, several local chapters of the Audubon Society, as well as other environmental groups, sued to force wind companies to protect birds in the Altamont. The settlement reached in 2007 required Alameda County and wind companies to cut bird mortality in half by 2009. To that end, companies agreed to remove turbines that biologists deemed to be most dangerous to birds. They also began to shut down their turbines during the winter months, when electricity demand is lowest and bird activity highest. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91968\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Altamont Pass has only about 3,000 turbines now. But statistics compiled by the county in 2014 show bird mortality has decreased by only 25 to 40 percent, depending on the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI, which is based in Tracy, has applied for a permit from Alameda County to replace 511 of its turbines with 33 new turbines, says Sandra Rivera, of the Alameda County Planning Department. Rivera says the East County Board of Zoning Adjustments is scheduled to hear AWI’s request for this repowering permit on Nov. 19. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new 33 turbines would together produce as much energy as the 511 old turbines, a total of 54 MW. This is equivalent to one sixth of the Altamont’s total current capacity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivera calls the news that AWI plans to shut down all its turbines and seek a permit to replace most of them “a big deal.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They (AWI) will be in sync with the rest of the repowering,” Rivera says. “And the old-gen turbines, which are known to cause more fatalities, will be removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county requires companies to remove any turbines they shut down within a year of doing so, says Rivera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91961\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91961\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Only as we do the careful repowering can we hope to reduce the overall kill rates of golden eagles,” says Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District. “Not only should energy production be sustainable in terms of carbon off-sets; it should also be sustainable in terms of the wildlife and the local impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Golden Eagles Better Protected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are of particular concern in the Altamont Pass, which is part of the densest nesting area for these raptors in the world, Bell says. According to Alameda County estimates, wind turbines at Altamont killed some 35 golden eagles in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont is killing more eagles than the local population can reproduce,” says Bell, who does research on golden eagles. “It’s taking out more youngsters than they can produce and replace themselves with. Their population is going down the drain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are protected by federal law and it’s illegal to kill a single eagle. Wind energy has tripled in the country in the past seven years and the federal government has stepped up enforcement of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91962\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91962\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice, with help from the USFWS, has prosecuted two wind energy companies—Duke Energy Renewables and PacifiCorp Energy—for the killing of golden eagles and other birds on their wind farms in Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014 the USFWS awarded its first so-called eagle “take” permit. These permits allow wind energy companies to kill a small number of golden eagles each year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prosecution of those two companies certainly sent a message to companies across the country that the Service will, and can, prosecute companies for violation of the Bald and Golden Eagle Act,” says U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) spokesperson Scott Flaherty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USFWS has 16 open investigations on wind energy companies around the country, Flaherty says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has opened a criminal investigation of one company doing business in the Altamont concerning its turbines’ “take” of golden eagles, Birchell said in an email in July. Birchell wouldn’t say which company the agency was investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon hearing that AWI has told the USFWS it will shut down all its turbines, Bell, the golden eagle researcher, says he is \"relieved.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the right thing to do,” says Bell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "We Need to Talk About Your Face. It's Got Mites.",
"headTitle": "We Need to Talk About Your Face. It’s Got Mites. | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/FaceMites.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to talk about something. You might want to sit down. Microscopic animals have colonized your face. No, really. Inside your pores, right in there among the dirt and oil, face mites have set up shop and they’re not going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you shudder in horror and reach for facial scrub, pause to consider these remarkable creatures. We’ve all got them, and in all likelihood they have been our species’ steadfast companions since time immemorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve probably had them forever, even since before we were human,” says Michelle Trautwein, a curator at the California Academy of Sciences who studies the evolutionary history of these tiny arachnids. (Yep, they’re related to spiders, but don’t hold that against them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-321454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\" alt=\"Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who's volunteering his face mites for the study.\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg 3300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who’s volunteering his face mites for the study. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, at one of the CalAcademy’s after-hours parties, Trautwein recruited participants for her latest study. One of her more intriguing recent findings has been that face mite evolution is intimately linked to human evolution — our family trees seem to mirror each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All humans originated in Africa,” she says, “and because of that Africa hosts most human genetic diversity, and it turns out they also host the most mite diversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has also found evidence for more diverse lineages of mites among East Asian and Latin populations. So when Rafael Vega, visiting from Mexico City, walks by her table at the CalAcademy, she and graduate student Misha Leong are eager to sample his mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body. We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.’\u003ccite>Michelle Trautwein\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Leong applies mineral oil around the base of his nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s right in these crevices where we’ve found a lot of the face mites seem to congregate,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hands Vega a thin metal scraper and demonstrates the downward sweeping motions he can use to scrape his skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because we’re trying to get as much oil and dead skin cells as possible,” Leong says, “so that we can hopefully extract some face mite DNA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time Vega has ever heard about his face mites, but he’s taking the news in stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know they’re there,” he says. “They’re treating me well, as far as I know. I hope they’re behaving all right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They probably are. Occasionally face mites are linked with skin ailments like rosacea (and in animals, mites are thought to cause mange) but generally the tiny, 8-legged creatures are harmless. (Although \u003cem>Demodex folliculorum\u003c/em> sure has an “Ewww!” factor in this video by Daniel Fergus, of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and North Carolina State University.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/PDf4CfXaQjc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it’s difficult to collect the mites and spot them under a microscope, scientists used to think that only 10 to 25 percent of people had them. But by detecting face mites through their DNA, Trautwein’s research has shown all humans host the creatures, likely inherited from our family members shortly after we are born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mites also seem to travel with us through generations. One thing Trautwein is trying to figure out is why African Americans who have been gone from Africa for decades can still host African face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want a much broader sample so I can really start to tease out what that’s about,” she says. “How much African ancestry do you have to be able to host an African mite?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also curious about how many kinds of mites we really host. At the moment it’s clear at least two species live on our faces. Examined through a microscope, they appear morphologically different. But it’s possible, she thinks, that further research will reveal many more kinds of mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-321455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container.\" width=\"458\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body,” she says. “We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our face, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, they are all over the place, and she wouldn’t be surprised if there are many different species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes she will get to investigate these questions, but securing funding to scrape face mite exoskeletons from people hasn’t always been easy. Some of the National Science Foundation reviews of her grant applications have been unenthusiastic, she says, suggesting that she’s going to make people paranoid and neurotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trautwein says that’s not the reaction she gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’ve found is that people think they’re gross,” she says, “but they still love it and they want to find out and they want to get sampled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes to publish her newest research on the diversity of human face mites sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We need to talk about something. You might want to sit down. Microscopic animals have colonized your face. No, really. Inside your pores, right in there among the dirt and oil, face mites have set up shop and they’re not going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you shudder in horror and reach for facial scrub, pause to consider these remarkable creatures. We’ve all got them, and in all likelihood they have been our species’ steadfast companions since time immemorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve probably had them forever, even since before we were human,” says Michelle Trautwein, a curator at the California Academy of Sciences who studies the evolutionary history of these tiny arachnids. (Yep, they’re related to spiders, but don’t hold that against them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-321454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\" alt=\"Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who's volunteering his face mites for the study.\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg 3300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who’s volunteering his face mites for the study. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, at one of the CalAcademy’s after-hours parties, Trautwein recruited participants for her latest study. One of her more intriguing recent findings has been that face mite evolution is intimately linked to human evolution — our family trees seem to mirror each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All humans originated in Africa,” she says, “and because of that Africa hosts most human genetic diversity, and it turns out they also host the most mite diversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has also found evidence for more diverse lineages of mites among East Asian and Latin populations. So when Rafael Vega, visiting from Mexico City, walks by her table at the CalAcademy, she and graduate student Misha Leong are eager to sample his mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body. We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.’\u003ccite>Michelle Trautwein\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Leong applies mineral oil around the base of his nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s right in these crevices where we’ve found a lot of the face mites seem to congregate,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hands Vega a thin metal scraper and demonstrates the downward sweeping motions he can use to scrape his skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because we’re trying to get as much oil and dead skin cells as possible,” Leong says, “so that we can hopefully extract some face mite DNA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time Vega has ever heard about his face mites, but he’s taking the news in stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know they’re there,” he says. “They’re treating me well, as far as I know. I hope they’re behaving all right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They probably are. Occasionally face mites are linked with skin ailments like rosacea (and in animals, mites are thought to cause mange) but generally the tiny, 8-legged creatures are harmless. (Although \u003cem>Demodex folliculorum\u003c/em> sure has an “Ewww!” factor in this video by Daniel Fergus, of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and North Carolina State University.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PDf4CfXaQjc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PDf4CfXaQjc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Since it’s difficult to collect the mites and spot them under a microscope, scientists used to think that only 10 to 25 percent of people had them. But by detecting face mites through their DNA, Trautwein’s research has shown all humans host the creatures, likely inherited from our family members shortly after we are born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mites also seem to travel with us through generations. One thing Trautwein is trying to figure out is why African Americans who have been gone from Africa for decades can still host African face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want a much broader sample so I can really start to tease out what that’s about,” she says. “How much African ancestry do you have to be able to host an African mite?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also curious about how many kinds of mites we really host. At the moment it’s clear at least two species live on our faces. Examined through a microscope, they appear morphologically different. But it’s possible, she thinks, that further research will reveal many more kinds of mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-321455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container.\" width=\"458\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body,” she says. “We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our face, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, they are all over the place, and she wouldn’t be surprised if there are many different species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes she will get to investigate these questions, but securing funding to scrape face mite exoskeletons from people hasn’t always been easy. Some of the National Science Foundation reviews of her grant applications have been unenthusiastic, she says, suggesting that she’s going to make people paranoid and neurotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trautwein says that’s not the reaction she gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’ve found is that people think they’re gross,” she says, “but they still love it and they want to find out and they want to get sampled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes to publish her newest research on the diversity of human face mites sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Crab Fishermen Trained as 'First Responders' for Entangled Whales",
"headTitle": "Crab Fishermen Trained as ‘First Responders’ for Entangled Whales | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Crab season means more Dungeness crab on Bay Area menus, but it could also mean more injured whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cetaceans get entangled in crab trap lines, which is why the federal government is teaching crabbers to become first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Bettencourt is a fourth-generation fisherman. From his boat, The Moriah Lee, he points to an area in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales have been so thick in here. Like close, where they’ve never ever been,” says Bettencourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229643910″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that can pose a problem. Crab traps sit on the ocean floor, attached to a buoy on the surface with a long rope. And that rope can get caught on a whale’s fin or tail, or in its mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, there are already more than twice as many whale entanglements reported as five years ago. And local fishermen are eager to help out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a yacht club in Half Moon Bay, nearly 100 fishermen gather in person and by video conference to hear a presentation from Justin Viezbicke, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_319919\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-319919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40.\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-400x309.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1440x1112.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1180x911.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-960x741.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg 1712w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You guys are out there all the time,” Viezbicke says to a group of about 20 Half Moon Bay fishermen who attended in person. “So, who better to help us with these situations and give us more information than the guys that are out there on the water all the time seeing these things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s illegal to disentangle a whale without federal authorization. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Viezbicke is asking crabbers to collect data like the location of the whale, the nature of its distress and how fast the animal is moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Dempsey is with the Nature Conservancy, which sponsored Tuesday’s session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look at this training much like a community CPR course,” says Dempsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321530\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-321530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dempsey explained that a network of fishermen, who know how to document sightings, is as important as the state’s three certified rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what this training is about,” says Dempsey. “Building that community network of people who can initiate a more advanced entanglement response when they do see that rare entanglement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the crabbers will be out there, starting Nov. 14.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Crab season means more Dungeness crab on Bay Area menus, but it could also mean more injured whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cetaceans get entangled in crab trap lines, which is why the federal government is teaching crabbers to become first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Bettencourt is a fourth-generation fisherman. From his boat, The Moriah Lee, he points to an area in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales have been so thick in here. Like close, where they’ve never ever been,” says Bettencourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229643910″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229643910″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that can pose a problem. Crab traps sit on the ocean floor, attached to a buoy on the surface with a long rope. And that rope can get caught on a whale’s fin or tail, or in its mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, there are already more than twice as many whale entanglements reported as five years ago. And local fishermen are eager to help out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a yacht club in Half Moon Bay, nearly 100 fishermen gather in person and by video conference to hear a presentation from Justin Viezbicke, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_319919\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-319919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40.\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-400x309.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1440x1112.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1180x911.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-960x741.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg 1712w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You guys are out there all the time,” Viezbicke says to a group of about 20 Half Moon Bay fishermen who attended in person. “So, who better to help us with these situations and give us more information than the guys that are out there on the water all the time seeing these things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s illegal to disentangle a whale without federal authorization. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Viezbicke is asking crabbers to collect data like the location of the whale, the nature of its distress and how fast the animal is moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Dempsey is with the Nature Conservancy, which sponsored Tuesday’s session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look at this training much like a community CPR course,” says Dempsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321530\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-321530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dempsey explained that a network of fishermen, who know how to document sightings, is as important as the state’s three certified rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what this training is about,” says Dempsey. “Building that community network of people who can initiate a more advanced entanglement response when they do see that rare entanglement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the crabbers will be out there, starting Nov. 14.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/APLz2bTprMA\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s better than parachuting beavers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video of parachuting beavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://boisestatepublicradio.org/post/remember-parachuting-beavers-story-now-theres-video\">Boise State Public Radio\u003c/a>, KBSU, has the story (and if you’re impatient, the parachuting beaver footage begins about 8 minutes into the video above):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“For years, there have been whispers at Idaho Fish and Game of a film, made around 1950, that showed how the Department relocated fur-bearing animals, like beavers, around the state. It supposedly included footage of the infamous airplane beaver drops. There is even a brief Idaho Statesman article from 1950 that says Fish and Game had received permission to make two color films for $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the film was missing. Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of Sharon Clark’s jobs at Fish and Game is Department Historian. She pursued the rumors, along with help from the Idaho Historical Society. After years of searching, the film “\u003ca href=\"https://fishandgame.idaho.gov/content/article/parachuting-beaver-video-found-1950s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fur for the Future\u003c/a>” was found, mislabeled and in the wrong box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clark says the film was in a fragile state and the Society got some experts to convert it to a digital format. Fish and Game and the Historical Society are pleased to show it off today. (The parachuting beavers show up around seven minutes into the video.)”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The rediscovered film is a classic, complete with deep-voiced narration, soaring background music and grainy footage. But what necessitated the parachuting beaver in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An earlier \u003ca href=\"http://boisestatepublicradio.org/post/parachuting-beavers-idahos-wilderness-yes-it-really-happened\">report from KBSU\u003c/a> explains:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“It was just after World War II and people had discovered what a beautiful place McCall and Payette Lake were. Idaho Fish and Game’s Steve Liebenthal says people started building homes. ‘And in the process, kind of moved into where these beavers had been doing their things for decades, centuries, and beavers became a problem,’ Liebenthal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Enter Elmo Heter. Heter worked for Idaho Fish and Game in the McCall area. He had experience with beavers, and it was his job to find a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heter knew that the Chamberlain Basin was the perfect place for the beavers. The animals would be away from people, and their natural activity would be beneficial to the habitat there. ‘The trouble is the Chamberlain Basin is in what is now the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness Area and there really aren’t and weren’t any roads,’ Liebenthal explains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While beavers are still regularly trapped in Idaho, they haven’t been relocated via parachute for more than 50 years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Long-Lost+Parachuting+Beaver+Footage+From+1950&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Circa 1950, Idaho Fish and Game tried a new way to handle beaver overpopulation: Relocate some by dropping them from planes. A film was made to document the practice, but it was lost — until now.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/APLz2bTprMA\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s better than parachuting beavers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video of parachuting beavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://boisestatepublicradio.org/post/remember-parachuting-beavers-story-now-theres-video\">Boise State Public Radio\u003c/a>, KBSU, has the story (and if you’re impatient, the parachuting beaver footage begins about 8 minutes into the video above):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“For years, there have been whispers at Idaho Fish and Game of a film, made around 1950, that showed how the Department relocated fur-bearing animals, like beavers, around the state. It supposedly included footage of the infamous airplane beaver drops. There is even a brief Idaho Statesman article from 1950 that says Fish and Game had received permission to make two color films for $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the film was missing. Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of Sharon Clark’s jobs at Fish and Game is Department Historian. She pursued the rumors, along with help from the Idaho Historical Society. After years of searching, the film “\u003ca href=\"https://fishandgame.idaho.gov/content/article/parachuting-beaver-video-found-1950s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fur for the Future\u003c/a>” was found, mislabeled and in the wrong box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clark says the film was in a fragile state and the Society got some experts to convert it to a digital format. Fish and Game and the Historical Society are pleased to show it off today. (The parachuting beavers show up around seven minutes into the video.)”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The rediscovered film is a classic, complete with deep-voiced narration, soaring background music and grainy footage. But what necessitated the parachuting beaver in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As soon as NASA announced finding \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/28/reports-nasa-to-announce-water-flows-on-mars-watch-live/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence of liquid water\u003c/a> on Mars last month, speculation erupted that scientists may be able to answer the age-old question: Is there life on Mars?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, we already know the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer is, ‘Yes,’ and it’s probably our own life,” says David J. Smith, a scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here on Earth, bacteria cover every surface we touch. And despite efforts to keep spacecraft as clean as possible, bacteria have likely hitchhiked all the way to Mars on NASA missions. Bacterial contamination was detected on the rovers that have driven across the red Martian desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/10/20151019ScienceMarscontamination.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These microbial travelers pose a big problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a robot or astronaut drills into the Mars surface, testing for life, the Earth bacteria could get in the way, contaminating those tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we want to make sure that it is, in fact, Martian life that we find, potentially, and not just Earth contamination,” Smith says. “That would be a major bummer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extreme Microbes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mars environment has a kind of biohazard safeguard already built in: it’s not a comfortable environment for most Earth bacteria to live in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_307464\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/bpumilus_spores2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-307464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/bpumilus_spores2.jpg\" alt=\"Spores of the hearty bacterium Bacillus pumilus.\" width=\"458\" height=\"345\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spores of the hearty bacterium Bacillus pumilus. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s just not a nice place,” Smith says. “It’s extremely dry. Very cold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with little atmosphere surrounding it, the surface of the planet is blasted with ultraviolet radiation. Most Earth microbes couldn’t hack it in those conditions. But Smith studies one that may have what it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bacteria is called Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032,” he says. “That’s a mouthful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To endure extreme conditions, it forms a spore, essentially hunkering down in a biological fortress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a sense, it’s like hibernation for bacteria,” Smith says. When it finds food or water again, it wakes back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This super-tough strain was found on a NASA spacecraft as it was being built inside a clean room, a place that’s meant to be mostly bacteria-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how would the microbe fare if it got out on the Martian surface? Studying it there isn’t really possible. So, Smith is doing the next best thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bacteria Take Flight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three miles above Earth, at the very top of our atmosphere, it’s a lot like Mars: cold, dry and bombarded with UV radiation from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early October, Smith and his colleagues launched millions of Bacillus pumilus bacteria to that altitude on a special ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_307466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 507px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-307466\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-1440x816.jpg\" alt=\"Bacteria inside four canisters on NASA's E-MIST mission are exposed to the stratosphere.\" width=\"507\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-1440x816.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-400x227.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-800x453.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-1180x669.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-960x544.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large.jpg 1615w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bacteria inside four canisters on NASA’s E-MIST mission are exposed to conditions in the stratosphere. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A massive helium balloon, almost 1,000 feet tall, carried the bacteria in a miniature laboratory underneath it. The project is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/ames/research/space-biosciences/e-mist-2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E-MIST\u003c/a> (Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High above the Earth, the bacteria hung out for eight hours in the thin air and intense sunlight—conditions a lot like Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the balloon popped, sending them back to Earth on a parachute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterial samples were then picked up in Texas. Smith will be looking to see if they’re still alive and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wouldn’t surprise me,” he says. “The adaptability and persistence of bacteria is consistently impressive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Planetary Protector\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we learn about Earth life, the more we realize it’s actually likely that Earth organisms could live on Mars,” says Catharine Conley, NASA’s Planetary Protection Officer. Her job, in essence, is protecting Mars from us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as soon the liquid water announcement was made, NASA’s planetary protection policies were called into play, something that’s governed by \u003ca href=\"http://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international treaty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Curiosity rover\u003c/a> is currently on Mars, driving around not far from the discovery site. But if the car-sized rover went to investigate, it would bring along Earth bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible that there’s some kind sub-surface aquifer on Mars that we didn’t expect,” Conley says. “And so it would be equally foolish to go and introduce Earth organisms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_307471\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 554px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-307471\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-800x633.jpg\" alt=\"A balloon is inflated with helium, to carry E-MIST and its bacteria 23 miles up to the stratosphere.\" width=\"554\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-800x633.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-400x316.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-960x759.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A balloon is inflated with helium, to carry E-MIST and its bacteria 23 miles up to the stratosphere. \u003ccite>(NASA/David J. Smith)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On NASA’s 1975 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/viking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viking missions \u003c/a>to Mars, the spacecraft were sterilized to kill off bacterial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spacecraft were designed to tolerate heat treatment – being baked above the boiling point of water for several days,” Conley says. “It didn’t quite kill off all of the organisms on the surface of the spacecraft, but it killed off the majority of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heat treatment is extremely expensive. So, areas of Mars that were seen as more hospitable to life were protected as “special regions.” Missions landing outside those regions could have higher levels of microbial contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a compromise,” says Conley. “Because as we keep exploring Mars, we discover that more of Mars is actually ‘special.’ And so we actually should be more careful than we have been being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conley adds that understanding the resilience of Earth microbes will help inform NASA’s efforts to come. It may be that allowing spacecraft to “cure” on Mars, sitting in the intense UV light long enough, would be adequate to kill off even the hardiest Earth bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time that humans as a species have had the chance to really explore carefully,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans don’t have a great track record of that. In the name of exploration, we’ve spread invasive species and diseases around our own planet. The hope is not to repeat that on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t made any mistakes yet,” Conley says. “I really hope that we won’t do it while I’m in this job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protecting Mars will only get tougher once humans start walking on the red planet. NASA is planning to make that happen in about twenty years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Earth bacteria are hardy little creatures. Could they hitch a ride to Mars and colonize a new planet?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As soon as NASA announced finding \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/09/28/reports-nasa-to-announce-water-flows-on-mars-watch-live/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence of liquid water\u003c/a> on Mars last month, speculation erupted that scientists may be able to answer the age-old question: Is there life on Mars?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, we already know the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The answer is, ‘Yes,’ and it’s probably our own life,” says David J. Smith, a scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here on Earth, bacteria cover every surface we touch. And despite efforts to keep spacecraft as clean as possible, bacteria have likely hitchhiked all the way to Mars on NASA missions. Bacterial contamination was detected on the rovers that have driven across the red Martian desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These microbial travelers pose a big problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a robot or astronaut drills into the Mars surface, testing for life, the Earth bacteria could get in the way, contaminating those tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we want to make sure that it is, in fact, Martian life that we find, potentially, and not just Earth contamination,” Smith says. “That would be a major bummer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extreme Microbes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mars environment has a kind of biohazard safeguard already built in: it’s not a comfortable environment for most Earth bacteria to live in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_307464\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/bpumilus_spores2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-307464\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/bpumilus_spores2.jpg\" alt=\"Spores of the hearty bacterium Bacillus pumilus.\" width=\"458\" height=\"345\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spores of the hearty bacterium Bacillus pumilus. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s just not a nice place,” Smith says. “It’s extremely dry. Very cold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with little atmosphere surrounding it, the surface of the planet is blasted with ultraviolet radiation. Most Earth microbes couldn’t hack it in those conditions. But Smith studies one that may have what it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bacteria is called Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032,” he says. “That’s a mouthful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To endure extreme conditions, it forms a spore, essentially hunkering down in a biological fortress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a sense, it’s like hibernation for bacteria,” Smith says. When it finds food or water again, it wakes back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This super-tough strain was found on a NASA spacecraft as it was being built inside a clean room, a place that’s meant to be mostly bacteria-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how would the microbe fare if it got out on the Martian surface? Studying it there isn’t really possible. So, Smith is doing the next best thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bacteria Take Flight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three miles above Earth, at the very top of our atmosphere, it’s a lot like Mars: cold, dry and bombarded with UV radiation from the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early October, Smith and his colleagues launched millions of Bacillus pumilus bacteria to that altitude on a special ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_307466\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 507px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-307466\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-1440x816.jpg\" alt=\"Bacteria inside four canisters on NASA's E-MIST mission are exposed to the stratosphere.\" width=\"507\" height=\"288\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-1440x816.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-400x227.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-800x453.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-1180x669.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large-960x544.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist_2014_closed-large.jpg 1615w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 507px) 100vw, 507px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bacteria inside four canisters on NASA’s E-MIST mission are exposed to conditions in the stratosphere. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A massive helium balloon, almost 1,000 feet tall, carried the bacteria in a miniature laboratory underneath it. The project is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/ames/research/space-biosciences/e-mist-2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E-MIST\u003c/a> (Exposing Microorganisms in the Stratosphere).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High above the Earth, the bacteria hung out for eight hours in the thin air and intense sunlight—conditions a lot like Mars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the balloon popped, sending them back to Earth on a parachute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterial samples were then picked up in Texas. Smith will be looking to see if they’re still alive and growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wouldn’t surprise me,” he says. “The adaptability and persistence of bacteria is consistently impressive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Planetary Protector\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we learn about Earth life, the more we realize it’s actually likely that Earth organisms could live on Mars,” says Catharine Conley, NASA’s Planetary Protection Officer. Her job, in essence, is protecting Mars from us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as soon the liquid water announcement was made, NASA’s planetary protection policies were called into play, something that’s governed by \u003ca href=\"http://planetaryprotection.nasa.gov/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">international treaty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Curiosity rover\u003c/a> is currently on Mars, driving around not far from the discovery site. But if the car-sized rover went to investigate, it would bring along Earth bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s possible that there’s some kind sub-surface aquifer on Mars that we didn’t expect,” Conley says. “And so it would be equally foolish to go and introduce Earth organisms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_307471\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 554px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-307471\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-800x633.jpg\" alt=\"A balloon is inflated with helium, to carry E-MIST and its bacteria 23 miles up to the stratosphere.\" width=\"554\" height=\"438\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-800x633.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-400x316.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1-960x759.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/e-mist1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A balloon is inflated with helium, to carry E-MIST and its bacteria 23 miles up to the stratosphere. \u003ccite>(NASA/David J. Smith)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On NASA’s 1975 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/viking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Viking missions \u003c/a>to Mars, the spacecraft were sterilized to kill off bacterial life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spacecraft were designed to tolerate heat treatment – being baked above the boiling point of water for several days,” Conley says. “It didn’t quite kill off all of the organisms on the surface of the spacecraft, but it killed off the majority of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heat treatment is extremely expensive. So, areas of Mars that were seen as more hospitable to life were protected as “special regions.” Missions landing outside those regions could have higher levels of microbial contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a compromise,” says Conley. “Because as we keep exploring Mars, we discover that more of Mars is actually ‘special.’ And so we actually should be more careful than we have been being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conley adds that understanding the resilience of Earth microbes will help inform NASA’s efforts to come. It may be that allowing spacecraft to “cure” on Mars, sitting in the intense UV light long enough, would be adequate to kill off even the hardiest Earth bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first time that humans as a species have had the chance to really explore carefully,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans don’t have a great track record of that. In the name of exploration, we’ve spread invasive species and diseases around our own planet. The hope is not to repeat that on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t made any mistakes yet,” Conley says. “I really hope that we won’t do it while I’m in this job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protecting Mars will only get tougher once humans start walking on the red planet. NASA is planning to make that happen in about twenty years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interior Department Curbs Future Arctic Offshore Drilling",
"headTitle": "Interior Department Curbs Future Arctic Offshore Drilling | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">The Interior Department announced Friday it is canceling future lease sales and will not extended current leases in Arctic waters off Alaska’s northern coast, a decision that significantly reduces the chances for future Arctic offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">The news follows a Sept. 28 announcement by Royal Dutch Shell that it would cease exploration in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas after spending upward of $7 billion on Arctic exploration. The company cited disappointing results from a well drilled in the Chukchi and the unpredictable federal regulatory environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Interior Secretary Sally Jewell said the federal government is canceling federal petroleum lease sales in U.S. Arctic waters that were scheduled for 2016 and 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“In light of Shell’s announcement, the amount of acreage already under lease and current market conditions, it does not make sense to prepare for lease sales in the Arctic in the next year and a half,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Jewell said the Chukchi Sea off Alaska’s northwest coast and the Beaufort Sea off the state’s north coast will not be included in the agency’s next five-year lease sale plan. In addition, current leases held by Shell and other companies in Arctic waters will not be extended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Beaufort Sea leases are set to expire in 2017, and Chukchi Sea leases in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Current market conditions and low industry interest made the leasing decision easier, Jewell said in a release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Royal Dutch Shell PLC is the only company actively exploring off Alaska’s northern costs. It had applied to extend leases in both the Chukchi and the Beaufort. Statoil requested an extension for Chukchi leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Shell spokesman Curtis Smith said the company disagrees with the agency’s decision not to extend current leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“When it comes to frontier exploration in Alaska, one size does not fit all,” Smith said by email. “We continue to believe the 10-year primary lease term needs to be extended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">In denying the extension, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement’s regional supervisor for field operations, Kevin Pendergast, said Shell had not met the criteria to extend its leases, including providing the agency with a work schedule on them. Shell could apply again, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Republican Gov. Bill Walker met with Jewell in Washington, D.C., earlier this month about extending Shell’s leases and opening up a small part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling. His goal is to get more oil in the trans-Alaska pipeline, which is running at about a quarter of its capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Walker said Jewell’s decision left him with a “loss of hope, in some respects” about accomplishing that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“That pretty much shut down offshore. The only thing left is onshore,” he said of the agency’s announcement. “We know where the oil is. We just don’t have access to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Environmental groups strongly oppose Arctic drilling. They say industrial activity will harm marine mammals already hurt by a loss of sea ice, and global warming would be accelerated by burning oil found in the Arctic Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Miyoko Sakashita of the Center for Biological Diversity lauded the Interior Department’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“This is great for the Arctic and its polar bears,” Sakashita said. “We need to keep all the Arctic oil in the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Mike LeVine of oceans advocate Oceana added: “Secretary Jewell’s decisions today are consistent with the law as well as economic and environmental realities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Sen. Dan Sullivan, R-Alaska, said the Obama administration is correct in wanting to help Alaska Natives and all Alaskans battle the state’s high rates of suicide, domestic violence and addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">But he said the administration doesn’t see the link between economic opportunity and making people’s lives better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“They just took real opportunity, significant opportunities that could benefit thousands if not tens of thousands of Alaskans off the table,” Sullivan said. “That’s not going to help the social problems. That’s actually going to make them worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Rep. Don Young, the longest-serving Republican in the U.S. House, said this battle will likely end up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“I think this administration is adamantly opposed against fossil fuels, period,” said Young, Alaska’s sole House member. “They’ll do anything to stop it. I don’t think they have a legal leg to stand on.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On Friday, the Interior Department said it is canceling future lease sales and will not extended current leases in Arctic waters off Alaska's northern coast, a decision that significantly reduces the chances for future Arctic offshore drilling.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">The Interior Department announced Friday it is canceling future lease sales and will not extended current leases in Arctic waters off Alaska’s northern coast, a decision that significantly reduces the chances for future Arctic offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">The news follows a Sept. 28 announcement by Royal Dutch Shell that it would cease exploration in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas after spending upward of $7 billion on Arctic exploration. The company cited disappointing results from a well drilled in the Chukchi and the unpredictable federal regulatory environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Interior Secretary Sally Jewell said the federal government is canceling federal petroleum lease sales in U.S. Arctic waters that were scheduled for 2016 and 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“In light of Shell’s announcement, the amount of acreage already under lease and current market conditions, it does not make sense to prepare for lease sales in the Arctic in the next year and a half,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Jewell said the Chukchi Sea off Alaska’s northwest coast and the Beaufort Sea off the state’s north coast will not be included in the agency’s next five-year lease sale plan. In addition, current leases held by Shell and other companies in Arctic waters will not be extended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Beaufort Sea leases are set to expire in 2017, and Chukchi Sea leases in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Current market conditions and low industry interest made the leasing decision easier, Jewell said in a release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Royal Dutch Shell PLC is the only company actively exploring off Alaska’s northern costs. It had applied to extend leases in both the Chukchi and the Beaufort. Statoil requested an extension for Chukchi leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Shell spokesman Curtis Smith said the company disagrees with the agency’s decision not to extend current leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“When it comes to frontier exploration in Alaska, one size does not fit all,” Smith said by email. “We continue to believe the 10-year primary lease term needs to be extended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">In denying the extension, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement’s regional supervisor for field operations, Kevin Pendergast, said Shell had not met the criteria to extend its leases, including providing the agency with a work schedule on them. Shell could apply again, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Republican Gov. Bill Walker met with Jewell in Washington, D.C., earlier this month about extending Shell’s leases and opening up a small part of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling. His goal is to get more oil in the trans-Alaska pipeline, which is running at about a quarter of its capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Walker said Jewell’s decision left him with a “loss of hope, in some respects” about accomplishing that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“That pretty much shut down offshore. The only thing left is onshore,” he said of the agency’s announcement. “We know where the oil is. We just don’t have access to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Environmental groups strongly oppose Arctic drilling. They say industrial activity will harm marine mammals already hurt by a loss of sea ice, and global warming would be accelerated by burning oil found in the Arctic Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Miyoko Sakashita of the Center for Biological Diversity lauded the Interior Department’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“This is great for the Arctic and its polar bears,” Sakashita said. “We need to keep all the Arctic oil in the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Mike LeVine of oceans advocate Oceana added: “Secretary Jewell’s decisions today are consistent with the law as well as economic and environmental realities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Sen. Dan Sullivan, R-Alaska, said the Obama administration is correct in wanting to help Alaska Natives and all Alaskans battle the state’s high rates of suicide, domestic violence and addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">But he said the administration doesn’t see the link between economic opportunity and making people’s lives better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“They just took real opportunity, significant opportunities that could benefit thousands if not tens of thousands of Alaskans off the table,” Sullivan said. “That’s not going to help the social problems. That’s actually going to make them worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">Rep. Don Young, the longest-serving Republican in the U.S. House, said this battle will likely end up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"ap-story-p\">“I think this administration is adamantly opposed against fossil fuels, period,” said Young, Alaska’s sole House member. “They’ll do anything to stop it. I don’t think they have a legal leg to stand on.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Will Drones of the Future Constantly Collide? NASA’s Working on It",
"headTitle": "Will Drones of the Future Constantly Collide? NASA’s Working on It | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/DroneTraffic.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drones have been making headlines this year, and not in a positive light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve \u003ca href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/Drone-interference-steep-terrain-make-wildfire-fight-difficult-326531751.html\">blocked aircraft\u003c/a> trying to battle wildfires. Two have dropped down \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/1009/Another-drone-crashes-near-White-House.-Can-FAA-keep-up-with-drones\">near the White House\u003c/a>. Last month in Pasadena, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/business/drone-crash-injures-baby-highlighting-faa-concerns.html\">drone crashed near a stroller\u003c/a>, cutting and bruising an eleven-month-old girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is ultimately responsible for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/07/sunday-review/things-to-consider-before-buying-that-drone.html?_r=1&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=Sunday%20Review&action=keypress®ion=FixedLeft&pgtype=article\">managing drone traffic\u003c/a>, and is looking at how to develop regulations. But before drones can be used more widely, someone has to build a system that can track them and evaluate their flight plans, with an eye to where they should and shouldn’t be going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This job — preparing for a future of busy skies full of tiny, flying robots — falls to scientists at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We’re Not There Yet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/drone-sales-have-defining-year-808816\">Hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of drones are sold each year, and can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. And a few rules govern their flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“All of a sudden you say, ‘Hey, how do I manage all of these vehicles in the sky at the same time?’”\u003ccite> Parimal Kopardekar, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s against \u003ca href=\"http://knowbeforeyoufly.org/\">federal guidelines\u003c/a> to fly drones higher than 400 feet, or within five miles of an airport. And since they can only be controlled by an operator — they can’t yet be programmed and let loose — \u003cem>you cannot let them out of your sight. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA also limits when drones can be used commercially — that is, for compensation — so for now, their use remains largely in the purview of hobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But enthusiasts like \u003ca href=\"http://www.carlweingarten.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carl Weingarten\u003c/a> see a future full of potential uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weingarten sports a black porkpie hat and shades as he crouchs over a sleek white drone at a small park near a marina in Oakland. The drone emits a series of beeps as it readys for takeoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Okay,” he says, “the camera’s going to be taking a snapshot every five seconds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drone weighs less than a sack of groceries, and its four tiny rotors kick up a miniature wash of dust in the dead grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s up, Weingarten doesn’t have long to get his photos; the batteries in his drone last all of about ten minutes, which he says is fairly typical. This is the fourth one he’s bought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_308979\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Cary Grant runs from a drone, in this North by Northwest takeoff created by Carl Weingarten. \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-308979\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cary Grant runs from a drone in this edited photo, a spoof on the Alfred Hitchcock movie, “North by Northwest.” \u003ccite>(Carl Weingarten)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Twice, I let the battery go out. I lost track of time,” he says. “And they fell in the water. I lost them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third drone did what Weingarten calls a “flyaway.” Basically, the drone quit responding to his controls, cruised off and was never seen again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an emerging technology, these machines clearly have some rough edges to work out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter NASA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspecting antenna towers can be risky, so sending a drone to do it could save workers a dangerous climb. Drones could also come in handy checking on miles of train tracks, or hazards like rockslides. Someday they might even help search rough terrain for lost hikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since many packages weigh only a few pounds, retailers like Amazon have \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98BIu9dpwHU\">publicly daydreamed\u003c/a> about using drones to make expedient deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you postulate that future,” says Parimal Kopardekar, NASA’s principal investigator for drone traffic management, “then all of a sudden you say, ‘Hey, how do I manage all of these vehicles in the sky at the same time?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately it will be up to the FAA to set policy, like under what circumstances drone operators would be required to file a flight plan. Meanwhile, NASA is working on the technology to make such a system possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_299447\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 418px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-299447\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"NASA engineer Tom Prevot shows computer screens simulating a sky full of drones. Technology he's building will manage their flight plans.\" width=\"418\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-400x280.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-1440x1007.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-1920x1342.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-1180x825.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-960x671.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA engineer Tom Prevot shows computer screens simulating a sky full of drones. Technology he’s building will manage their flight plans. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"http://utm.arc.nasa.gov/index.shtml\">traffic management system\u003c/a> for drones will need to keep them from going where they don’t belong, a technology Kopardekar calls “geo-fencing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are two types of geo-fence,” he says. “One is a no-fly-zone type, where you should not go inside the geo-fence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would be used to keep drones away from airports, for example. The other kind of geo-fence would keep drones from getting out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key element, Kopardekar says, will be sensors that allow drones to recognize and avoid obstacles like buildings or trees. And if drones are to become autonomous, they’ll also have to be able to respond when conditions change — if wind picks up suddenly, for instance, or heavy fog rolls in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to have sensors and software that decides what’s the right thing to do at that point,” Kopardekar says. “Whether to land there and wait for the weather and airspace to be cleared, or go back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few buildings over from Kopardekar’s office at Ames is a room full of computer monitors depicting the Bay Area with dozens of drones flying overhead, each with its own flight plan. NASA Engineer Tom Prevot explains some are watching the weather, while a few check on infrastructure and others make deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”iotgRVUFXHctIpTUWdHsTfJ6UutQuWvc”]“We’re simulating, for example, a pizza delivery operation in downtown San Francisco,” he says, scrolling through the various flights, “so we’ve got PIE-1 through PIE-3.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system is designed to kick back any proposed flight plans that don’t work, Prevot says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we have a CalTrain inspection,” Prevot says. “It says — because this flight would basically go along the Bay — right now, I would be violating a number of controlled airspace classes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those would be San Francisco International Airport, as well as Moffett Federal Airfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One ideal outcome of the traffic management system, Prevot says, is that people who spot a drone nearby should be able to hold up a smartphone and find out what it’s doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would see, okay, this is my neighbor getting his pizza, or something like that,” Prevot says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Setting Priorities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do we really need drones to deliver pizza?” asks Hannah Beth Jackson, a Democratic state senator from Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson proposed a privacy bill this year that Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/09/10/california_gov_jerry_brown_vetoes_bill_to_stop_drones_from_flying_over_private.html\">vetoed\u003c/a>; it would have banned people from flying drones low over other people’s property. (The governor did sign a bill banning paparazzi from using drones to take photos on private property.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson says there needs to be a conversation about priorities, suggesting drones might have more worthwhile applications than airdropping packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an effort to work on something called precision agriculture,” she says, “which is delivery of water and pesticides to the exact places on farms and in fields where they’re needed by using drone technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happens to be one area Chris Anderson sees as a good bet. He’s the CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://3drobotics.com/\">3D Robotics\u003c/a>, housed in a fourth-floor office in Berkeley, where workers are constantly testing drones on the rooftop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sipping a Red Bull, Anderson says industries like architecture, construction and agriculture are all huge commercial frontiers for drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can imagine a single farm having hundreds of drones,” he says, “like sprinklers, just out there on automatic scanning cycles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long until that future arrives, NASA says, depends on how soon it can be done safely. NASA scientists are building the drone traffic management system in four phases, and have just finished the first. The FAA will start testing it early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drones have been making headlines this year, and not in a positive light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve \u003ca href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/Drone-interference-steep-terrain-make-wildfire-fight-difficult-326531751.html\">blocked aircraft\u003c/a> trying to battle wildfires. Two have dropped down \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/USA-Update/2015/1009/Another-drone-crashes-near-White-House.-Can-FAA-keep-up-with-drones\">near the White House\u003c/a>. Last month in Pasadena, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/23/business/drone-crash-injures-baby-highlighting-faa-concerns.html\">drone crashed near a stroller\u003c/a>, cutting and bruising an eleven-month-old girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration is ultimately responsible for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/07/sunday-review/things-to-consider-before-buying-that-drone.html?_r=1&module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=Sunday%20Review&action=keypress®ion=FixedLeft&pgtype=article\">managing drone traffic\u003c/a>, and is looking at how to develop regulations. But before drones can be used more widely, someone has to build a system that can track them and evaluate their flight plans, with an eye to where they should and shouldn’t be going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This job — preparing for a future of busy skies full of tiny, flying robots — falls to scientists at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We’re Not There Yet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/drone-sales-have-defining-year-808816\">Hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of drones are sold each year, and can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. And a few rules govern their flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“All of a sudden you say, ‘Hey, how do I manage all of these vehicles in the sky at the same time?’”\u003ccite> Parimal Kopardekar, NASA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s against \u003ca href=\"http://knowbeforeyoufly.org/\">federal guidelines\u003c/a> to fly drones higher than 400 feet, or within five miles of an airport. And since they can only be controlled by an operator — they can’t yet be programmed and let loose — \u003cem>you cannot let them out of your sight. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FAA also limits when drones can be used commercially — that is, for compensation — so for now, their use remains largely in the purview of hobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But enthusiasts like \u003ca href=\"http://www.carlweingarten.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carl Weingarten\u003c/a> see a future full of potential uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weingarten sports a black porkpie hat and shades as he crouchs over a sleek white drone at a small park near a marina in Oakland. The drone emits a series of beeps as it readys for takeoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Okay,” he says, “the camera’s going to be taking a snapshot every five seconds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This drone weighs less than a sack of groceries, and its four tiny rotors kick up a miniature wash of dust in the dead grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it’s up, Weingarten doesn’t have long to get his photos; the batteries in his drone last all of about ten minutes, which he says is fairly typical. This is the fourth one he’s bought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_308979\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Cary Grant runs from a drone, in this North by Northwest takeoff created by Carl Weingarten. \" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-308979\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/north-by-northwest-drone-C-Weingarten-1140px-render-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cary Grant runs from a drone in this edited photo, a spoof on the Alfred Hitchcock movie, “North by Northwest.” \u003ccite>(Carl Weingarten)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Twice, I let the battery go out. I lost track of time,” he says. “And they fell in the water. I lost them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third drone did what Weingarten calls a “flyaway.” Basically, the drone quit responding to his controls, cruised off and was never seen again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an emerging technology, these machines clearly have some rough edges to work out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter NASA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspecting antenna towers can be risky, so sending a drone to do it could save workers a dangerous climb. Drones could also come in handy checking on miles of train tracks, or hazards like rockslides. Someday they might even help search rough terrain for lost hikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since many packages weigh only a few pounds, retailers like Amazon have \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98BIu9dpwHU\">publicly daydreamed\u003c/a> about using drones to make expedient deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you postulate that future,” says Parimal Kopardekar, NASA’s principal investigator for drone traffic management, “then all of a sudden you say, ‘Hey, how do I manage all of these vehicles in the sky at the same time?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately it will be up to the FAA to set policy, like under what circumstances drone operators would be required to file a flight plan. Meanwhile, NASA is working on the technology to make such a system possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_299447\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 418px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-299447\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"NASA engineer Tom Prevot shows computer screens simulating a sky full of drones. Technology he's building will manage their flight plans.\" width=\"418\" height=\"292\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-400x280.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-1440x1007.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-1920x1342.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-1180x825.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot-960x671.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Prevot.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 418px) 100vw, 418px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA engineer Tom Prevot shows computer screens simulating a sky full of drones. Technology he’s building will manage their flight plans. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"http://utm.arc.nasa.gov/index.shtml\">traffic management system\u003c/a> for drones will need to keep them from going where they don’t belong, a technology Kopardekar calls “geo-fencing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are two types of geo-fence,” he says. “One is a no-fly-zone type, where you should not go inside the geo-fence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would be used to keep drones away from airports, for example. The other kind of geo-fence would keep drones from getting out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another key element, Kopardekar says, will be sensors that allow drones to recognize and avoid obstacles like buildings or trees. And if drones are to become autonomous, they’ll also have to be able to respond when conditions change — if wind picks up suddenly, for instance, or heavy fog rolls in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to have sensors and software that decides what’s the right thing to do at that point,” Kopardekar says. “Whether to land there and wait for the weather and airspace to be cleared, or go back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few buildings over from Kopardekar’s office at Ames is a room full of computer monitors depicting the Bay Area with dozens of drones flying overhead, each with its own flight plan. NASA Engineer Tom Prevot explains some are watching the weather, while a few check on infrastructure and others make deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“We’re simulating, for example, a pizza delivery operation in downtown San Francisco,” he says, scrolling through the various flights, “so we’ve got PIE-1 through PIE-3.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system is designed to kick back any proposed flight plans that don’t work, Prevot says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we have a CalTrain inspection,” Prevot says. “It says — because this flight would basically go along the Bay — right now, I would be violating a number of controlled airspace classes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those would be San Francisco International Airport, as well as Moffett Federal Airfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One ideal outcome of the traffic management system, Prevot says, is that people who spot a drone nearby should be able to hold up a smartphone and find out what it’s doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would see, okay, this is my neighbor getting his pizza, or something like that,” Prevot says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Setting Priorities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do we really need drones to deliver pizza?” asks Hannah Beth Jackson, a Democratic state senator from Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson proposed a privacy bill this year that Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2015/09/10/california_gov_jerry_brown_vetoes_bill_to_stop_drones_from_flying_over_private.html\">vetoed\u003c/a>; it would have banned people from flying drones low over other people’s property. (The governor did sign a bill banning paparazzi from using drones to take photos on private property.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson says there needs to be a conversation about priorities, suggesting drones might have more worthwhile applications than airdropping packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an effort to work on something called precision agriculture,” she says, “which is delivery of water and pesticides to the exact places on farms and in fields where they’re needed by using drone technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This happens to be one area Chris Anderson sees as a good bet. He’s the CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://3drobotics.com/\">3D Robotics\u003c/a>, housed in a fourth-floor office in Berkeley, where workers are constantly testing drones on the rooftop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sipping a Red Bull, Anderson says industries like architecture, construction and agriculture are all huge commercial frontiers for drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can imagine a single farm having hundreds of drones,” he says, “like sprinklers, just out there on automatic scanning cycles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long until that future arrives, NASA says, depends on how soon it can be done safely. NASA scientists are building the drone traffic management system in four phases, and have just finished the first. The FAA will start testing it early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Governor Signs 23 Environmental Bills, Including Microbead Ban",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a win for environmentalists, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">signed 23 bills\u003c/a> on Thursday, banning plastic microbeads, boosting composting, and divesting public retirement funds from coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The microbead ban, AB 888, outlaws the sale of cosmetics and toothpaste that contain tiny plastic particles, which pollute waterways and are \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/pdfs/Microbeads_Report_5_14_14.pdf\">known to harm wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two composting bills require compost diversion from landfills and a report from cities and counties on how much compost they plan to produce over a 15-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both will help San Francisco achieve its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/zero-waste\">goal of zero waste by 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important bill, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28942015/plastic-microbeads-and-state-coal-investments-banned-gov\">San Jose Mercury News’ Paul Rogers’\u003c/a> notes, is SB 185:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The measure requires the massive California Public Employees Retirement System, known as CalPERS, and the California State Teachers Retirement System, or CalSTRS, to sell off all stocks in companies that derive more than 50 percent of their revenue from mining coal by July 1, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two pension funds have a combined $299 million in such investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new laws come a day after Brown approved the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy goal: get 50 percent of California’s energy from renewables by 2030. Currently, the state gets 25 percent of its energy from renewable sources like solar, wind and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> A full list of the bills can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">found here\u003c/a> and below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAB 692 – Low-carbon transportation fuels.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 793 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 802 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 808 – Automotive fuels and products.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 864 – Oil spill response: environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 876 – Compostable organics.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 888 – Waste management: plastic microbeads.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1034 – Surface mining: reclamation plans: renewable energy generation facility.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1045 – Organic waste: composting.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1150 – Energy: University of California and California State University partnership.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1236 – Local ordinances: electric vehicle charging stations.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1274 – Public lands: geophysical surveys.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1420 – Oil and gas: pipelines.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1448 – Personal energy conservation: real property restrictions.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1482 – Climate adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1496 – Methane emissions.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 185 – Public retirement systems: public divestiture of thermal coal companies.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 246 – Climate change adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 295 – Pipeline safety: inspections.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 379 – Land use: general plan: safety element.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 414 – Oil spill response.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 513 – Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: fees.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 673 – Hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A day after Brown approved the nation's most ambitious clean energy goals, he signed a slew of new environmental bills.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a win for environmentalists, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">signed 23 bills\u003c/a> on Thursday, banning plastic microbeads, boosting composting, and divesting public retirement funds from coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The microbead ban, AB 888, outlaws the sale of cosmetics and toothpaste that contain tiny plastic particles, which pollute waterways and are \u003ca href=\"https://ag.ny.gov/pdfs/Microbeads_Report_5_14_14.pdf\">known to harm wildlife\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two composting bills require compost diversion from landfills and a report from cities and counties on how much compost they plan to produce over a 15-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both will help San Francisco achieve its \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfenvironment.org/zero-waste\">goal of zero waste by 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important bill, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28942015/plastic-microbeads-and-state-coal-investments-banned-gov\">San Jose Mercury News’ Paul Rogers’\u003c/a> notes, is SB 185:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The measure requires the massive California Public Employees Retirement System, known as CalPERS, and the California State Teachers Retirement System, or CalSTRS, to sell off all stocks in companies that derive more than 50 percent of their revenue from mining coal by July 1, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two pension funds have a combined $299 million in such investments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The new laws come a day after Brown approved the nation’s most aggressive renewable energy goal: get 50 percent of California’s energy from renewables by 2030. Currently, the state gets 25 percent of its energy from renewable sources like solar, wind and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> A full list of the bills can be \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19155\">found here\u003c/a> and below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>•\tAB 692 – Low-carbon transportation fuels.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 793 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 802 – Energy efficiency.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 808 – Automotive fuels and products.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 864 – Oil spill response: environmentally and ecologically sensitive areas.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 876 – Compostable organics.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 888 – Waste management: plastic microbeads.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1034 – Surface mining: reclamation plans: renewable energy generation facility.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1045 – Organic waste: composting.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1150 – Energy: University of California and California State University partnership.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1236 – Local ordinances: electric vehicle charging stations.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1274 – Public lands: geophysical surveys.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1420 – Oil and gas: pipelines.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1448 – Personal energy conservation: real property restrictions.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1482 – Climate adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tAB 1496 – Methane emissions.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 185 – Public retirement systems: public divestiture of thermal coal companies.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 246 – Climate change adaptation.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 295 – Pipeline safety: inspections.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 379 – Land use: general plan: safety element.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 414 – Oil spill response.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 513 – Carl Moyer Memorial Air Quality Standards Attainment Program: fees.\u003cbr>\n•\tSB 673 – Hazardous waste.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "It's 'Earthquake Season': Join California's Great ShakeOut",
"headTitle": "It’s ‘Earthquake Season’: Join California’s Great ShakeOut | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>One week from today, on Oct. 15, more than 10 million Californians will stop what they’re doing and take part in an earthquake exercise. The event is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/\">The Great California ShakeOut\u003c/a>, and it will help save a bunch of people a lot of trouble some day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in California, people have trouble thinking about earthquakes. We can slide into a kind of mental paralysis — we know it’s good to prepare, but when we think about the massive devastation of a major quake, it seems like too much to handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Here’s the Drill\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is: don’t think. When the ground starts to shake — not just a jiggle, but a real earthquake — the experts want you to take three actions without thinking about it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/dropcoverholdon/\">Drop. Cover. Hold on.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drop” means get down, not up. A big earthquake will knock you down, so get down first. Stay down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cover” means cover your head and neck, or get yourself underneath a table or a desk — whatever will protect you from falling things. A big quake won’t let you stand up and stagger somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on” means grab that table or desk and don’t let go until the shaking stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what ShakeOut participants will do on 10/15, at 10:15 in the morning. When you practice, hold on for a whole minute. That may seem like forever, but a major earthquake shakes hard for at least that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three actions give you the best chance of coming through a quake uninjured. Experience has shown that, in California, it’s not collapsing buildings that cause most injuries; it’s large household objects, flying and toppling. Stay injury-free, and everything that follows is easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Is That All?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drop, cover and hold on” should be as automatic as putting on a seatbelt. It’s simple enough for schoolkids, who are big participants in the ShakeOut drill. If you have children in school, do the drill yourself wherever you are. That can start important family conversations later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_296188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 399px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-296188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area earthquake probabilities\" width=\"399\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities.jpg 534w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities-400x541.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major earthquake faults in the Bay Area with their odds of producing a magnitude 6.7 quake in the next 30 years. \u003ccite>(U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aren’t there more details? Of course. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/\">Earthquake Country Alliance\u003c/a> has a page with \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/roots/step5.html\">instructions for special cases\u003c/a>: if you’re driving, if you’re in a wheelchair, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That page is Step Five of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/roots/steps.html\">Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety\u003c/a>, but it may be the best starting point for exploring earthquake preparedness. If you worry about dealing with the aftermath, you can go forward to Step Six. If your thoughts turn instead to preparing in advance, you can visit the earlier steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “drop-cover-hold on” drill is appropriate for any location you spend time in: your workplace, the places you go for entertainment, even your church. Keep it simple. Spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Are the Odds?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/16/new-paper-outlines-updated-look-hazards-on-san-andreas-fault-system/\">about a dozen seismic faults\u003c/a> that are capable of giving the whole region a damaging shake. When scientists add up the odds from each fault, they estimate the Bay Area has a two-in-three chance of suffering a major, magnitude 6.7 quake during the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News outlets fixate on the biggest possible earthquakes. That’s natural for them. But the U.S. Geological Survey’s latest estimate for the whole Bay Area is that we can expect about eight magnitude 5 quakes each decade, and about one magnitude 6 quake every 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnitude 5 and 6 earthquakes are called moderate events. The threat they pose is like the threat from a fender-bender in your car: it won’t kill you but you still want to avoid it. Think of the magnitude 6.0 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014\u003c/a> as typical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Else Should I Know?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dealing with earthquakes doesn’t require much science knowledge, but it’s worth knowing a few facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Large earthquakes come \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/faq/categories/9828/3289\">in a distinct sequence\u003c/a>: the brief thump of P waves, the short rattle of S waves, then the long, violent shaking of surface waves.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=aftershocks\">Aftershocks\u003c/a> follow every significant earthquake. If they happen at shallow depths, they can do more damage locally than the main shock.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/megaqk_facts_fantasy.php\">There’s no earthquake weather, no relationship to the Moon and planets, no earthquake season.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if quakes have no season, October is earthquake month for Bay Area old-timers. It goes back to 1989, the year of the Loma Prieta earthquake, when, on October 17, at 5:04 p.m., \u003ci>everyone\u003c/i> got a taste of what happens in a large seismic event. Ask any old-timer about it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "At 10:15 a.m. on 10/15, join 10 million Californians as we pretend a major earthquake is happening and take three actions to protect ourselves. Do you know what they are?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One week from today, on Oct. 15, more than 10 million Californians will stop what they’re doing and take part in an earthquake exercise. The event is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/\">The Great California ShakeOut\u003c/a>, and it will help save a bunch of people a lot of trouble some day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in California, people have trouble thinking about earthquakes. We can slide into a kind of mental paralysis — we know it’s good to prepare, but when we think about the massive devastation of a major quake, it seems like too much to handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Here’s the Drill\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is: don’t think. When the ground starts to shake — not just a jiggle, but a real earthquake — the experts want you to take three actions without thinking about it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/dropcoverholdon/\">Drop. Cover. Hold on.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drop” means get down, not up. A big earthquake will knock you down, so get down first. Stay down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cover” means cover your head and neck, or get yourself underneath a table or a desk — whatever will protect you from falling things. A big quake won’t let you stand up and stagger somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on” means grab that table or desk and don’t let go until the shaking stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what ShakeOut participants will do on 10/15, at 10:15 in the morning. When you practice, hold on for a whole minute. That may seem like forever, but a major earthquake shakes hard for at least that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three actions give you the best chance of coming through a quake uninjured. Experience has shown that, in California, it’s not collapsing buildings that cause most injuries; it’s large household objects, flying and toppling. Stay injury-free, and everything that follows is easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Is That All?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drop, cover and hold on” should be as automatic as putting on a seatbelt. It’s simple enough for schoolkids, who are big participants in the ShakeOut drill. If you have children in school, do the drill yourself wherever you are. That can start important family conversations later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_296188\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 399px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-296188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities.jpg\" alt=\"Bay Area earthquake probabilities\" width=\"399\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities.jpg 534w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/2008EQprobabilities-400x541.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major earthquake faults in the Bay Area with their odds of producing a magnitude 6.7 quake in the next 30 years. \u003ccite>(U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aren’t there more details? Of course. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/\">Earthquake Country Alliance\u003c/a> has a page with \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/roots/step5.html\">instructions for special cases\u003c/a>: if you’re driving, if you’re in a wheelchair, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That page is Step Five of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthquakecountry.info/roots/steps.html\">Seven Steps to Earthquake Safety\u003c/a>, but it may be the best starting point for exploring earthquake preparedness. If you worry about dealing with the aftermath, you can go forward to Step Six. If your thoughts turn instead to preparing in advance, you can visit the earlier steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “drop-cover-hold on” drill is appropriate for any location you spend time in: your workplace, the places you go for entertainment, even your church. Keep it simple. Spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Are the Odds?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/10/16/new-paper-outlines-updated-look-hazards-on-san-andreas-fault-system/\">about a dozen seismic faults\u003c/a> that are capable of giving the whole region a damaging shake. When scientists add up the odds from each fault, they estimate the Bay Area has a two-in-three chance of suffering a major, magnitude 6.7 quake during the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News outlets fixate on the biggest possible earthquakes. That’s natural for them. But the U.S. Geological Survey’s latest estimate for the whole Bay Area is that we can expect about eight magnitude 5 quakes each decade, and about one magnitude 6 quake every 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnitude 5 and 6 earthquakes are called moderate events. The threat they pose is like the threat from a fender-bender in your car: it won’t kill you but you still want to avoid it. Think of the magnitude 6.0 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">Napa earthquake of August 24, 2014\u003c/a> as typical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Else Should I Know?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dealing with earthquakes doesn’t require much science knowledge, but it’s worth knowing a few facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Large earthquakes come \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/faq/categories/9828/3289\">in a distinct sequence\u003c/a>: the brief thump of P waves, the short rattle of S waves, then the long, violent shaking of surface waves.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=aftershocks\">Aftershocks\u003c/a> follow every significant earthquake. If they happen at shallow depths, they can do more damage locally than the main shock.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/topics/megaqk_facts_fantasy.php\">There’s no earthquake weather, no relationship to the Moon and planets, no earthquake season.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if quakes have no season, October is earthquake month for Bay Area old-timers. It goes back to 1989, the year of the Loma Prieta earthquake, when, on October 17, at 5:04 p.m., \u003ci>everyone\u003c/i> got a taste of what happens in a large seismic event. Ask any old-timer about it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A U.S. Geological Survey report out Tuesday downgrades the fracking potential of California’s vast Monterey Shale oil deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to lower a 2011 federal energy estimate that billed the Monterey Shale as a game-changer for U.S. oil, with what was then estimated at 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5djQ6QtbVinRFAtuVIKA243nwsoaMeqz”]Instead, the U.S. Geological Survey’s new study said, the most oil-rich portion of the giant shale formation holds just 21 million barrels of oil that can be recovered by intensive methods, such as hydraulic fracturing, better-known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modest assessment has the potential to influence energy policy in California, where Gov. Jerry Brown has resisted calls from environmentalists to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s report looked only at the San Joaquin Basin, one of four basins that make up the 1,750-square-mile Monterey Shale formation. Upcoming USGS reports will estimate the recoverable petroleum in the other three basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent U.S. Geological Survey study estimated another 393 million barrels of oil are recoverable by conventional drilling in the San Joaquin basin of the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 estimate touched off speculation of a California oil boom. By 2014, however, federal energy authorities had deflated the Monterey Shale boom, reducing the overall estimate of recoverable oil by 96 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A U.S. Geological Survey report out Tuesday downgrades the fracking potential of California’s vast Monterey Shale oil deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is the latest to lower a 2011 federal energy estimate that billed the Monterey Shale as a game-changer for U.S. oil, with what was then estimated at 13.7 billion barrels of recoverable oil overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Instead, the U.S. Geological Survey’s new study said, the most oil-rich portion of the giant shale formation holds just 21 million barrels of oil that can be recovered by intensive methods, such as hydraulic fracturing, better-known as fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modest assessment has the potential to influence energy policy in California, where Gov. Jerry Brown has resisted calls from environmentalists to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s report looked only at the San Joaquin Basin, one of four basins that make up the 1,750-square-mile Monterey Shale formation. Upcoming USGS reports will estimate the recoverable petroleum in the other three basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another recent U.S. Geological Survey study estimated another 393 million barrels of oil are recoverable by conventional drilling in the San Joaquin basin of the Monterey Shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2011 estimate touched off speculation of a California oil boom. By 2014, however, federal energy authorities had deflated the Monterey Shale boom, reducing the overall estimate of recoverable oil by 96 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Governor Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19151\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> requiring the state to get 50 percent of its energy from renewables by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently about 25 percent of the state’s energy comes from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California, through this bill, is taking a major step,” Brown said. “Other people are going to follow. But it’s not going to be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_296195\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg\" alt=\"A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-296195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-400x281.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-1180x830.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-960x675.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28931393/californias-landmark-renewable-energy-law-be-signed-wednesday\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>‘ Paul Rogers talked to experts about the significance of this legislation and the difficulty of implementing the plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s huge,” said Kathryn Phillips, state director for Sierra Club California. “It tells banks and utilities, and the people who make solar panels and windmills, that there is going to be a market. If you are thinking, ‘Should I invest in oil wells in Bakersfield or solar panels in Fresno,’ the solar panels are now the better bet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts say that it won’t be easy to reach the legislation’s goals in a state with 38 million people and a $2 trillion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pushing the envelope hard,” said James Sweeney, director of the Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency at Stanford University. “It’s going to be challenging. I don’t know if it is going to be viable without major economic consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key among the challenges: The sun doesn’t shine at night and the wind doesn’t blow all the time.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Two other states including Hawaii and Vermont have higher percentages. Hawaii aims to adopt 100 percent renewable energy by 2045 and Vermont is seeking 75 percent by 2032.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California’s goal incorporates more energy than Vermont and Hawaii since the state is so vast and houses 38 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has several large-scale solar farms including the 550-megawatt Desert Sunlight Solar Farm in the Mojave Desert that can power 160,000 homes. The Mojave also includes the 392-megawatt \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/07/12/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> that powers 140,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to renewable energy, the governor also recommended decreasing petroleum use and making buildings and heating fuels more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here because of oil and gas,” Brown said, “That’s how we got here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What has been the source of prosperity now becomes the source of our ultimate destruction if we don’t get off it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On Wednesday, California Governor Jerry Brown signed the nation's most aggressive renewable energy standards, requiring the state to receive 50 percent of its energy from sources like wind and solar by 2030. ",
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"title": "California Raises the Bar on Its Ambitious Clean Energy Goals | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Governor Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19151\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> requiring the state to get 50 percent of its energy from renewables by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently about 25 percent of the state’s energy comes from renewable sources like wind, solar and geothermal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California, through this bill, is taking a major step,” Brown said. “Other people are going to follow. But it’s not going to be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_296195\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg\" alt=\"A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"563\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-296195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-800x563.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-400x281.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-1180x830.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3-960x675.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Ivanpah3.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mirror at the Ivanpah solar project in the Mojave Desert, developed by Oakland-based BrightSource Energy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28931393/californias-landmark-renewable-energy-law-be-signed-wednesday\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>‘ Paul Rogers talked to experts about the significance of this legislation and the difficulty of implementing the plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s huge,” said Kathryn Phillips, state director for Sierra Club California. “It tells banks and utilities, and the people who make solar panels and windmills, that there is going to be a market. If you are thinking, ‘Should I invest in oil wells in Bakersfield or solar panels in Fresno,’ the solar panels are now the better bet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But energy experts say that it won’t be easy to reach the legislation’s goals in a state with 38 million people and a $2 trillion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re pushing the envelope hard,” said James Sweeney, director of the Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency at Stanford University. “It’s going to be challenging. I don’t know if it is going to be viable without major economic consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key among the challenges: The sun doesn’t shine at night and the wind doesn’t blow all the time.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Two other states including Hawaii and Vermont have higher percentages. Hawaii aims to adopt 100 percent renewable energy by 2045 and Vermont is seeking 75 percent by 2032.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
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