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"title": "Trump’s Pledge to ‘Open Up the Water’ for Valley Farms: Easier Said Than Done",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump might have trouble living up to one of his more sweeping campaign promises in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stump in Fresno last May, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7wVjKgfd18\">made headlines\u003c/a> for declaring, “There is no drought” here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit unclear from his remarks whether he was voicing an opinion or simply reporting what some farmers told him at a pre-rally gathering. Either way, he was badly mistaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re gonna solve your water problem.’\u003ccite>Donald Trump\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though conditions have improved over much of the state since then, about 73 percent of California remains in some level drought, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, and nearly 43 percent is still classified in “extreme” or “exceptional” drought, including much of the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Don’t Even Think About It’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump also made a pledge to the assembled crowd in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna solve your water problem,” he told the audience. “We’re gonna get it done and we’re gonna get it done quick. That one’s an easy one. Don’t even think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how much the candidate had thought about it as his comments displayed a blend of confidence and confusion. He expressed bewilderment at the current water allocation policies, which require that a certain volume of water remain in the rivers to protect the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a water problem that is so insane. And it’s so ridiculous, where they’re taking the water and shoving it out to sea,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m asking everybody, why, why, why, and nobody can explain why they do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, a lot of people could’ve explained that. About a thousand of them were gathered in Sacramento this week for the \u003ca href=\"http://scienceconf2016.deltacouncil.ca.gov/\">Bay-Delta Science Conference\u003c/a>, where scientists and policy makers meet every other year to review the latest research supporting the environmentally fragile Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was more sloganeering than fact, in the middle of the drought,” observed Jeff Mount, a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. He says a certain amount of California’s river water must flow to the sea, to keep salt water from creeping in and contaminating both drinking water and farm land — especially during droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The share that went to the environment during the worst of the drought—2014 and 2015—was vanishingly small,” he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uphill Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how high California’s water issues will actually rank on the Trump administration’s agenda, though anxiety rose in conservation circles last week when Trump gave a spot on his transition team to Devin Nunes, a San Joaquin Valley Republican congressman and vocal proponent of pumping more Delta water to farms. (Nunes \u003ca href=\"http://nunes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=238316\">floated a “Turn on the Pumps” bill\u003c/a> in 2009 that failed in congress.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be uphill for [Trump] to make big changes here,” suggests Jay Lund, who heads the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis. Like Mount, he’s a grizzled veteran of California water debates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of state law, state regulations that would have to be overcome,” says Lund. “I think pretty much anything that anyone wants to do is gonna get petty thoroughly vetted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says an executive order from the White House to suddenly crank up the pumps would violate both state and federal law, beginning with the federal Endangered Species Act, which relies on formal studies known as “biological opinions” to set protections for sensitive habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He could write it, but it would be illegal,” wrote Mount in an email to KQED. “It would be inconsistent with the biological opinions, and the President cannot unilaterally alter the BOs. The project operators would run the risk of civil (and in a different world) criminal penalties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says such an order would also run afoul of the Clean Water Act and California law, though in times of drought, even more fundamental laws apply to the distribution of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaign promises are one thing, says Mount, but, “Now they have to govern, and the laws of physics apply to everyone equally.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump might have trouble living up to one of his more sweeping campaign promises in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stump in Fresno last May, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7wVjKgfd18\">made headlines\u003c/a> for declaring, “There is no drought” here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit unclear from his remarks whether he was voicing an opinion or simply reporting what some farmers told him at a pre-rally gathering. Either way, he was badly mistaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re gonna solve your water problem.’\u003ccite>Donald Trump\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though conditions have improved over much of the state since then, about 73 percent of California remains in some level drought, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, and nearly 43 percent is still classified in “extreme” or “exceptional” drought, including much of the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Don’t Even Think About It’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump also made a pledge to the assembled crowd in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna solve your water problem,” he told the audience. “We’re gonna get it done and we’re gonna get it done quick. That one’s an easy one. Don’t even think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how much the candidate had thought about it as his comments displayed a blend of confidence and confusion. He expressed bewilderment at the current water allocation policies, which require that a certain volume of water remain in the rivers to protect the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have a water problem that is so insane. And it’s so ridiculous, where they’re taking the water and shoving it out to sea,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m asking everybody, why, why, why, and nobody can explain why they do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, a lot of people could’ve explained that. About a thousand of them were gathered in Sacramento this week for the \u003ca href=\"http://scienceconf2016.deltacouncil.ca.gov/\">Bay-Delta Science Conference\u003c/a>, where scientists and policy makers meet every other year to review the latest research supporting the environmentally fragile Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was more sloganeering than fact, in the middle of the drought,” observed Jeff Mount, a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. He says a certain amount of California’s river water must flow to the sea, to keep salt water from creeping in and contaminating both drinking water and farm land — especially during droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The share that went to the environment during the worst of the drought—2014 and 2015—was vanishingly small,” he recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uphill Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how high California’s water issues will actually rank on the Trump administration’s agenda, though anxiety rose in conservation circles last week when Trump gave a spot on his transition team to Devin Nunes, a San Joaquin Valley Republican congressman and vocal proponent of pumping more Delta water to farms. (Nunes \u003ca href=\"http://nunes.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=238316\">floated a “Turn on the Pumps” bill\u003c/a> in 2009 that failed in congress.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will be uphill for [Trump] to make big changes here,” suggests Jay Lund, who heads the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis. Like Mount, he’s a grizzled veteran of California water debates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of state law, state regulations that would have to be overcome,” says Lund. “I think pretty much anything that anyone wants to do is gonna get petty thoroughly vetted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says an executive order from the White House to suddenly crank up the pumps would violate both state and federal law, beginning with the federal Endangered Species Act, which relies on formal studies known as “biological opinions” to set protections for sensitive habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He could write it, but it would be illegal,” wrote Mount in an email to KQED. “It would be inconsistent with the biological opinions, and the President cannot unilaterally alter the BOs. The project operators would run the risk of civil (and in a different world) criminal penalties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount says such an order would also run afoul of the Clean Water Act and California law, though in times of drought, even more fundamental laws apply to the distribution of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campaign promises are one thing, says Mount, but, “Now they have to govern, and the laws of physics apply to everyone equally.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Drought Kills 102 Million Trees",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California drought has killed more than 102 million trees in a die-off of forests that increases the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/18/dead-trees-pose-serious-fire-threat-despite-wet-winter/\">risk of catastrophic wildfires\u003c/a> and other threats to humans, officials said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest aerial survey by the U.S. Forest Service shows there are 36 million more dead trees since May in the state and there has been a 100 percent increase since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These dead and dying trees continue to elevate the risk of wildfire, complicate our efforts to respond safely and effectively to fires when they do occur and pose a host of threats to life and property,” U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has endured five years of drought marked by a record low \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/interactive-sierra-snowpack-highs-and-lows-over-13-years/\">mountain snowpack\u003c/a> and warm temperatures. The drought has left trees thirsty and prone to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/09/14/the-surprising-science-of-wildfires-and-tree-killing-beetles/\">infestation by bark beetles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last year, Gov. Jerry Brown formed a task force charged with finding ways to remove the trees that threaten motorists and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vilsack called on Congress to act, saying more federal funding goes toward fighting fires than forestry management, such as removing dead trees to improve forests’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are pushing to turn more trees into lumber, burn them in energy plants or dispose of them in incinerators to eliminate them as fuel for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1172516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1172516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut.jpg\" alt=\"It's not just remote forests: Monterey pines that succumbed to the drought, tagged for removal in a city park in Vallejo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s not just remote forests: Monterey pines that succumbed to the drought, tagged for removal in a city park in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists argue, however, that a die-off is part of a healthy forest’s life-cycle. They favor leaving the trees that need to be cut down on the forest floor to decompose and serve as wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most dead trees are in the central and southern Sierra Nevada, officials say. However, they’re also beginning to find dead trees in Northern California counties such as Siskiyou, Modoc, Plumas and Lassen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More trees are expected to die into 2017, U.S. Forest Service officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People assume the tally amounts to too many dead trees, but fire suppression has created unnaturally green forests with far too little wildfire and dead trees, said Chad Hanson, a forest ecologist at Earth Island Institute’s John Muir Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want too much and we don’t want too little,” he said. “This is not too much.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California drought has killed more than 102 million trees in a die-off of forests that increases the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/18/dead-trees-pose-serious-fire-threat-despite-wet-winter/\">risk of catastrophic wildfires\u003c/a> and other threats to humans, officials said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest aerial survey by the U.S. Forest Service shows there are 36 million more dead trees since May in the state and there has been a 100 percent increase since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These dead and dying trees continue to elevate the risk of wildfire, complicate our efforts to respond safely and effectively to fires when they do occur and pose a host of threats to life and property,” U.S. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has endured five years of drought marked by a record low \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/interactive-sierra-snowpack-highs-and-lows-over-13-years/\">mountain snowpack\u003c/a> and warm temperatures. The drought has left trees thirsty and prone to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/09/14/the-surprising-science-of-wildfires-and-tree-killing-beetles/\">infestation by bark beetles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last year, Gov. Jerry Brown formed a task force charged with finding ways to remove the trees that threaten motorists and communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vilsack called on Congress to act, saying more federal funding goes toward fighting fires than forestry management, such as removing dead trees to improve forests’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are pushing to turn more trees into lumber, burn them in energy plants or dispose of them in incinerators to eliminate them as fuel for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1172516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1172516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut.jpg\" alt=\"It's not just remote forests: Monterey pines that succumbed to the drought, tagged for removal in a city park in Vallejo.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/RS17049_IMG_3730-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It’s not just remote forests: Monterey pines that succumbed to the drought, tagged for removal in a city park in Vallejo. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists argue, however, that a die-off is part of a healthy forest’s life-cycle. They favor leaving the trees that need to be cut down on the forest floor to decompose and serve as wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most dead trees are in the central and southern Sierra Nevada, officials say. However, they’re also beginning to find dead trees in Northern California counties such as Siskiyou, Modoc, Plumas and Lassen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More trees are expected to die into 2017, U.S. Forest Service officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People assume the tally amounts to too many dead trees, but fire suppression has created unnaturally green forests with far too little wildfire and dead trees, said Chad Hanson, a forest ecologist at Earth Island Institute’s John Muir Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want too much and we don’t want too little,” he said. “This is not too much.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Obama Blocks New Oil, Gas Drilling Off California",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Obama administration is blocking any new oil and gas drilling in the waters off the West Coast and in the Arctic Ocean. No new drilling rights will be offered for sale over the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and some California lawmakers applauded the announcement, but urged the administration to take the protections a step further by implementing a permanent moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/Five-Year-Program-2017-2022/\">blueprint for drilling\u003c/a> from 2017 to 2022 can be rewritten by President-elect Donald Trump, in a process that could take months or years. A moratorium would be more challenging for a Trump administration to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s announcement is a helpful step forward to help keep fossil fuels in the ground for the next five years, President Obama should take the necessary next step, while he still has the power to do so, to permanently withdraw regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from future drilling, and to take the same permanent actions on the Arctic,” said California congressman Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been decades since new oil rigs have been drilled off the California coast. Today, more than two dozen rigs are located offshore. California has banned new oil drilling in state waters, which extend three-miles from shore. Oil drilling is also banned in \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/\">national marine sanctuaries\u003c/a> in federal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A five-year offshore drilling plan announced on Friday blocks the planned sale of new oil and gas drilling rights in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas north of Alaska. The plan allows drilling to go forward in Alaska’s Cook Inlet southwest of Anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blueprint for drilling from 2017 to 2022 can be rewritten by President-elect Donald Trump, in a process that could take months or years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides Cook Inlet, the plan also allows drilling in the Gulf of Mexico, long the center of U.S. offshore oil production. Ten of the 11 lease sales proposed in the five-year plan are in the Gulf, mostly off the coasts of Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirming a decision announced this spring, the five-year plan also bars drilling in the Atlantic Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plan focuses lease sales in the best places – those with the highest resource potential, lowest conflict and established infrastructure – and removes regions that are simply not right to lease,” said Interior Secretary Sally Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the unique and challenging Arctic environment and industry’s declining interest in the area, forgoing lease sales in the Arctic is the right path forward,” Jewell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry representatives reacted bitterly, calling the decision political and not supported by the facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The arrogance of the decision is unfathomable, but unfortunately not surprising,” said Randall Luthi, president of the National Ocean Industries Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once again, we see the attitude that Washington knows best — an attitude that contributed to last week’s election results,” Luthi said, referring to Trump’s victory over Democrat Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 70 percent of Alaskans, including a majority of Alaska Natives, support offshore drilling, Luthi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s three Republican members of Congress also blasted the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, said she was “infuriated” that Obama “has once again ignored our voices to side with the factions who oppose” offshore drilling in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arctic development is one of the best ways to create jobs, generate revenues and refill the Trans-Alaska Pipeline,” said Murkowski, who chairs the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. “Why the president is willing to send all of those benefits overseas is beyond explanation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow Republican Sen. Dan Sullivan said the Obama administration was “once again capitulating to the demands of extreme environmental groups over Alaskans and their fellow Americans who want good-paying jobs, energy independence and a strong economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For nearly eight years this administration has given lip service to an ‘all of the above energy strategy,’ when their actions say the opposite,” Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacqueline Savitz, senior vice president of Oceana, an environmental group, hailed the announcement and praised Obama and Jewell for “protecting our coasts from dirty and dangerous offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement “demonstrates a commitment to prioritizing common sense, economics and science ahead of industry favoritism and politics as usual,” Savitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 400 scientists signed a letter this summer urging Obama to eliminate the possibility of Arctic offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science reporter \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/laurensommer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Obama administration is blocking any new oil and gas drilling in the waters off the West Coast and in the Arctic Ocean. No new drilling rights will be offered for sale over the next five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and some California lawmakers applauded the announcement, but urged the administration to take the protections a step further by implementing a permanent moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/Five-Year-Program-2017-2022/\">blueprint for drilling\u003c/a> from 2017 to 2022 can be rewritten by President-elect Donald Trump, in a process that could take months or years. A moratorium would be more challenging for a Trump administration to undo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s announcement is a helpful step forward to help keep fossil fuels in the ground for the next five years, President Obama should take the necessary next step, while he still has the power to do so, to permanently withdraw regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from future drilling, and to take the same permanent actions on the Arctic,” said California congressman Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been decades since new oil rigs have been drilled off the California coast. Today, more than two dozen rigs are located offshore. California has banned new oil drilling in state waters, which extend three-miles from shore. Oil drilling is also banned in \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/\">national marine sanctuaries\u003c/a> in federal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A five-year offshore drilling plan announced on Friday blocks the planned sale of new oil and gas drilling rights in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas north of Alaska. The plan allows drilling to go forward in Alaska’s Cook Inlet southwest of Anchorage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blueprint for drilling from 2017 to 2022 can be rewritten by President-elect Donald Trump, in a process that could take months or years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides Cook Inlet, the plan also allows drilling in the Gulf of Mexico, long the center of U.S. offshore oil production. Ten of the 11 lease sales proposed in the five-year plan are in the Gulf, mostly off the coasts of Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas and Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirming a decision announced this spring, the five-year plan also bars drilling in the Atlantic Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plan focuses lease sales in the best places – those with the highest resource potential, lowest conflict and established infrastructure – and removes regions that are simply not right to lease,” said Interior Secretary Sally Jewell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the unique and challenging Arctic environment and industry’s declining interest in the area, forgoing lease sales in the Arctic is the right path forward,” Jewell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry representatives reacted bitterly, calling the decision political and not supported by the facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The arrogance of the decision is unfathomable, but unfortunately not surprising,” said Randall Luthi, president of the National Ocean Industries Association, an industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once again, we see the attitude that Washington knows best — an attitude that contributed to last week’s election results,” Luthi said, referring to Trump’s victory over Democrat Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 70 percent of Alaskans, including a majority of Alaska Natives, support offshore drilling, Luthi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s three Republican members of Congress also blasted the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, said she was “infuriated” that Obama “has once again ignored our voices to side with the factions who oppose” offshore drilling in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arctic development is one of the best ways to create jobs, generate revenues and refill the Trans-Alaska Pipeline,” said Murkowski, who chairs the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. “Why the president is willing to send all of those benefits overseas is beyond explanation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fellow Republican Sen. Dan Sullivan said the Obama administration was “once again capitulating to the demands of extreme environmental groups over Alaskans and their fellow Americans who want good-paying jobs, energy independence and a strong economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For nearly eight years this administration has given lip service to an ‘all of the above energy strategy,’ when their actions say the opposite,” Sullivan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacqueline Savitz, senior vice president of Oceana, an environmental group, hailed the announcement and praised Obama and Jewell for “protecting our coasts from dirty and dangerous offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement “demonstrates a commitment to prioritizing common sense, economics and science ahead of industry favoritism and politics as usual,” Savitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 400 scientists signed a letter this summer urging Obama to eliminate the possibility of Arctic offshore drilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science reporter \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/laurensommer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>An Oregon man who died after falling into a scalding Yellowstone National Park hot spring in June was looking for a place to “hot pot,” the forbidden practice of soaking in one of the park’s thermal features, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sable Scott told investigators that she and her 23-year-old brother, Colin, left a boardwalk near Pork Chop Geyser and walked several hundred feet up a hill in search of “a place that they could potentially get into and soak,” Deputy Chief Ranger Lorant Veress \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2fulh4g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told KULR-TV\u003c/a> in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1169416\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1169416\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322.jpg\" alt=\"An orange bacterial mat in Yellowstone National Park. Steam rises from a hot spring in the background.\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322.jpg 3264w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3264px) 100vw, 3264px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An orange bacterial mat in Yellowstone National Park. Steam rises from a hot spring in the background. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Sable Scott took video of her brother with her cellphone on June 7, he reached down to check the water temperature and slipped and fell into a thermal pool about 6 feet long, 4 feet wide and 10 feet deep, according to a National Park Service incident record first reported by KULR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials did not release the video or a description of it, but the report said it also chronicled Sable Scott’s efforts to rescue her brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Search and rescue rangers spotted Colin Scott’s body floating in the pool the day of the accident, but a lightning storm prevented recovery, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, workers could not find any remains in the boiling, acidic water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In very short order, there was a significant amount of dissolving,” Veress said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report included images of several signs warning people of the dangers of the park’s geothermal features and of traveling off walkways in the area where Colin Scott died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service did not issue any citations in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott was on a college graduation trip with his sister at the time of his death, which came a day after six people were cited for walking off-trail at the park’s Grand Prismatic Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, a tourist from China was fined $1,000 for breaking through the fragile crust in the Mammoth Hot Springs area, apparently to collect water for medicinal purposes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An Oregon man who died after falling into a scalding Yellowstone National Park hot spring in June was looking for a place to “hot pot,” the forbidden practice of soaking in one of the park’s thermal features, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sable Scott told investigators that she and her 23-year-old brother, Colin, left a boardwalk near Pork Chop Geyser and walked several hundred feet up a hill in search of “a place that they could potentially get into and soak,” Deputy Chief Ranger Lorant Veress \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2fulh4g\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told KULR-TV\u003c/a> in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1169416\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3264px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1169416\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322.jpg\" alt=\"An orange bacterial mat in Yellowstone National Park. Steam rises from a hot spring in the background.\" width=\"3264\" height=\"2448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322.jpg 3264w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/IMG_3322-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3264px) 100vw, 3264px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An orange bacterial mat in Yellowstone National Park. Steam rises from a hot spring in the background. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Sable Scott took video of her brother with her cellphone on June 7, he reached down to check the water temperature and slipped and fell into a thermal pool about 6 feet long, 4 feet wide and 10 feet deep, according to a National Park Service incident record first reported by KULR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials did not release the video or a description of it, but the report said it also chronicled Sable Scott’s efforts to rescue her brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Search and rescue rangers spotted Colin Scott’s body floating in the pool the day of the accident, but a lightning storm prevented recovery, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, workers could not find any remains in the boiling, acidic water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In very short order, there was a significant amount of dissolving,” Veress said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report included images of several signs warning people of the dangers of the park’s geothermal features and of traveling off walkways in the area where Colin Scott died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service did not issue any citations in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott was on a college graduation trip with his sister at the time of his death, which came a day after six people were cited for walking off-trail at the park’s Grand Prismatic Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, a tourist from China was fined $1,000 for breaking through the fragile crust in the Mammoth Hot Springs area, apparently to collect water for medicinal purposes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hundreds of U.S. Businesses Urge Trump to Uphold Paris Climate Deal",
"headTitle": "Hundreds of U.S. Businesses Urge Trump to Uphold Paris Climate Deal | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of businesses such as Starbucks, General Mills and Hewlett Packard are asking President-elect Donald Trump to follow through on U.S. commitments to combat climate change. They argue it’s good for business.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has threatened to scrap the Paris agreement and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The group of more than 360 companies and investors made their plea \u003ca href=\"http://www.lowcarbonusa.org/\">in an open letter\u003c/a> to Trump, President Obama and members of Congress. They called on Trump to “continue U.S. participation in the Paris agreement,” which he has threatened to scrap, and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signatories also include DuPont, eBay, Nike, Unilever, Levi Strauss & Co., and Hilton. They issued the letter Wednesday during a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/08/501194848/climate-conference-aims-to-put-paris-agreement-into-action\">major U.N. climate conference\u003c/a> in Marrakech, Morocco, where representatives of nearly 200 countries were gathered to hash out the details of the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the U.S. business and investor community, they emphasized their “deep commitment to addressing climate change” and pledged to their part, “in our operations and beyond,” to meet the goals of the agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failure to build a low-carbon economy puts American prosperity at risk. But the right action now will create jobs and boost US competitiveness,” the letter states. “Implementing the Paris Agreement will enable and encourage businesses and investors to turn the billions of dollars in existing low-carbon investments into the trillions of dollars the world needs to bring clean energy and prosperity to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. commitments to the Paris accord are voluntary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/10/501481492/trump-has-a-chance-to-pull-u-s-out-of-climate-accord\">as NPR’s Christopher Joyce has reported\u003c/a>. He added that experts are concerned that the U.S. could walk away from the deal and gut Obama’s domestic climate change strategy. This could also discourage other countries from working to lower their own emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new administration has created a huge amount of uncertainty, and that’s bad for business,” MIT management professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2016/11/17/sustainability/climate-change\">John Sterman told Marketplace\u003c/a>. “So staying the course on the U.S. commitments to reduce emissions, to follow through on our Paris commitment is essential to lower that uncertainty, give businesses the confidence to develop and implement strategies that are going to build advantage, lower risk, and lower their costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has previously labeled climate change a hoax. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/265895292191248385?lang=en\">he tweeted that it was\u003c/a> a concept “created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/16/502175860/from-lobbyists-to-loyalists-see-whos-on-donald-trumps-transition-team\">As NPR has reported\u003c/a>, Trump has appointed Myron Ebell to lead the Environmental Protection Agency transition team. Ebell “directs environmental and energy policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is a leading climate change skeptic. He opposes the Clean Power Plan, which is aimed at reducing carbon emissions, calling it illegal. He heads a group called the ‘Cooler Heads Coalition’ that questions ‘global warming alarmism.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter’s overall message suggests that in the business community, environmental groups might have what would seem to be an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental groups have been left with the daunting prospect that, with a climate skeptic in the White House, they will need to look directly to corporations to assume the mantle of leading the country’s response to climate change,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/17/business/energy-environment/us-companies-to-trump-dont-abandon-global-climate-deal.html?_r=0\">as The New York Times reported\u003c/a>. “But without strict regulatory standards or oversight, companies will be left freer to pick and choose which climate-friendly policies to pursue, and which they will choose to ignore or abandon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hundreds+Of+U.S.+Businesses+Urge+Trump+To+Uphold+Paris+Climate+Deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Starbucks, General Mills and Nike were among more than 360 companies and investors urging Trump and elected officials in an open letter to \"continue U.S. participation\" in the Paris climate accord.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of businesses such as Starbucks, General Mills and Hewlett Packard are asking President-elect Donald Trump to follow through on U.S. commitments to combat climate change. They argue it’s good for business.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has threatened to scrap the Paris agreement and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The group of more than 360 companies and investors made their plea \u003ca href=\"http://www.lowcarbonusa.org/\">in an open letter\u003c/a> to Trump, President Obama and members of Congress. They called on Trump to “continue U.S. participation in the Paris agreement,” which he has threatened to scrap, and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signatories also include DuPont, eBay, Nike, Unilever, Levi Strauss & Co., and Hilton. They issued the letter Wednesday during a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/08/501194848/climate-conference-aims-to-put-paris-agreement-into-action\">major U.N. climate conference\u003c/a> in Marrakech, Morocco, where representatives of nearly 200 countries were gathered to hash out the details of the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the U.S. business and investor community, they emphasized their “deep commitment to addressing climate change” and pledged to their part, “in our operations and beyond,” to meet the goals of the agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failure to build a low-carbon economy puts American prosperity at risk. But the right action now will create jobs and boost US competitiveness,” the letter states. “Implementing the Paris Agreement will enable and encourage businesses and investors to turn the billions of dollars in existing low-carbon investments into the trillions of dollars the world needs to bring clean energy and prosperity to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. commitments to the Paris accord are voluntary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/10/501481492/trump-has-a-chance-to-pull-u-s-out-of-climate-accord\">as NPR’s Christopher Joyce has reported\u003c/a>. He added that experts are concerned that the U.S. could walk away from the deal and gut Obama’s domestic climate change strategy. This could also discourage other countries from working to lower their own emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new administration has created a huge amount of uncertainty, and that’s bad for business,” MIT management professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2016/11/17/sustainability/climate-change\">John Sterman told Marketplace\u003c/a>. “So staying the course on the U.S. commitments to reduce emissions, to follow through on our Paris commitment is essential to lower that uncertainty, give businesses the confidence to develop and implement strategies that are going to build advantage, lower risk, and lower their costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has previously labeled climate change a hoax. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/265895292191248385?lang=en\">he tweeted that it was\u003c/a> a concept “created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/16/502175860/from-lobbyists-to-loyalists-see-whos-on-donald-trumps-transition-team\">As NPR has reported\u003c/a>, Trump has appointed Myron Ebell to lead the Environmental Protection Agency transition team. Ebell “directs environmental and energy policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is a leading climate change skeptic. He opposes the Clean Power Plan, which is aimed at reducing carbon emissions, calling it illegal. He heads a group called the ‘Cooler Heads Coalition’ that questions ‘global warming alarmism.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter’s overall message suggests that in the business community, environmental groups might have what would seem to be an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental groups have been left with the daunting prospect that, with a climate skeptic in the White House, they will need to look directly to corporations to assume the mantle of leading the country’s response to climate change,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/17/business/energy-environment/us-companies-to-trump-dont-abandon-global-climate-deal.html?_r=0\">as The New York Times reported\u003c/a>. “But without strict regulatory standards or oversight, companies will be left freer to pick and choose which climate-friendly policies to pursue, and which they will choose to ignore or abandon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hundreds+Of+U.S.+Businesses+Urge+Trump+To+Uphold+Paris+Climate+Deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water",
"headTitle": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Business as usual on the Colorado River may be about to come to a screeching halt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the worst recorded droughts in human history has stretched water supplies thin across the far-reaching river basin, which serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this more obvious than Lake Mead, which straddles the border of Arizona and Nevada. The water level in the country’s largest manmade reservoir has been plummeting; it’s now only 38 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an official water shortage imminent, Arizona, Nevada and California are taking matters into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states are hammering out a voluntary agreement to cut their water use — an approach some consider revolutionary after so many decades of fighting and lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cooperation springs from self-preservation. If Lake Mead drops too low, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Can we get through? Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the same time, upper basin states like Colorado and Wyoming want to use more Colorado River water — something they’re legally entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, Denver Water is in the final stages of seeking approval on a water storage project that would take more water out of the Colorado River. Wyoming is researching whether to store more water from the Green River, a Colorado tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah is discussing whether to build a pipeline to transport water from Lake Powell, the reservoir found up river from Lake Mead along the Utah-Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add in the likely impacts of climate change and how it’s affecting the Colorado River basin and you have an increasingly complex and challenging picture developing for the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Mulroy, a senior fellow at the William S. Boyd School of Law at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and a leading Western water expert, says the time for a new toolbox and ideas to approach water management has arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There won’t be any winners and losers,” Mulroy says, unless Colorado River states move beyond the fighting and lawsuits of the last century as they try to adapt to the next century. “There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upper Basin States Want More Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a silent miracle that delivers water every day to Denver Water’s 1.4 million customers. For decades, the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River, has flowed through a manmade system of dams, diversions and tunnels beneath the Continental Divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical linchpin sits just outside Boulder. Gross Reservoir is a man-made lake that provides reliable storage for Denver Water. Retired IBM workers Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live just out of eyesight from the reservoir. For Kurtz, that’s on purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s choking off a wild river which in my opinion is never a good thing,” Kurtz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164303\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg\" alt=\"Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1313\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet. \u003ccite>(Grace Hood/CPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The couple have a new-found job in retirement. It’s fighting a proposed expansion to Gross Reservoir’s dam. Denver Water wants to raise the dam by 131 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to build a multi-million dollar dam and disrupt the environment here, when down the line,” Kurtz says. “That’s not going to solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that Colorado’s population is expected to nearly double by 2050. A carefully crafted water plan by Colorado’s top chiefs calls for 400,000 more acre feet of storage, and 400,000 additional acre feet of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denver Water CEO Jim Lochhead says more storage is an important part of the solution. It’s also an insurance policy against future drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From Denver Water’s perspective, if we can’t provide clean, reliable, sustainable water 100 years from now to our customers, we’re not doing our jobs,” says Lochhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proposed expansion of Gross Reservoir, Denver Water took a new approach. The agency worked with environmental groups and Western Slope water interests on the Colorado River Cooperative Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the effort involves Denver Water actively working on the Fraser River to narrow the stream channel and restore the river. If the agency gets the green light to expand Gross, it would be required to keep a formal relationship with environmental groups and local governments through the life of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]But that expansion is still expected to decrease stream flows by about one half of what they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, state engineer Pat Tyrrell says the state is studying whether to store more water from the Green River, another Colorado River tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel we have some room to grow. But we understand that growth comes with risk,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s risk because Wyoming could expand reservoirs with proper permits. In 10 or 20 years there may not be enough water to fill that storage — or deliver enough water to existing reservoirs like Lake Powell. Upper basin states have developed a contingency plan to make sure that happens in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imbalance Between Supply and Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What unites all water planners from Colorado down to California is the need for certainty. They need confidence there will be enough water to fuel population and agricultural growth. And there’s a huge new wildcard in the deck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change upsets all aspects of the water cycle,” says Brad Udall, Senior Water and Climate Scientist at the Colorado Water Institute at Colorado State University. He says hotter temperatures and drought make certainty a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Lh4Bea3bDk0rRmssEqlXBdk5irZlMba8″]Udall says a 16-year drought has dramatically decreased water supply. This recent past could be indicative of what the future holds. He worries that flows across the basin could be reduced by as much as 20 percent by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Udall says. “We know the temperature increases will influence the river flows, and that influence is likely to be strongly downward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now users along the Colorado River face a critical juncture. Deputy Secretary of the Interior Michael Connor recognizes the stress that climate change could have on future water supply. He also understands how overallocated the river is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imbalance between supply and demand, is just going to increase over the next 50 years if we don’t have some very strategic plans that we put in place,” Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Basin States Turn to Cooperation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downstream, the imbalance between supply and demand is already a reality. With an historic water shortage on the horizon, California, Arizona and Nevada are working on a voluntary agreement to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are especially high in California, where Colorado River water has played a critical role in the state’s five year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the reliable source of water for us,” says Jeffrey Kightlinger, manager of the Metropolitan Water District, a water wholesaler that serves 19 million people in Southern California, and major power player in California water policy. “We’ve been getting hardly anything from Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”300″ iframe=”true” /]At least a quarter of Metropolitan’s water supply comes from the Colorado River, which is delivered through a 240-mile aqueduct that stretches to the Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That supply is reaching a crisis point. Lake Mead could drop so low in 2017, an unprecedented shortage could be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’ll be a historic moment,” Kightlinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona and Nevada would be forced to cut back on how much water they draw from the river. California wouldn’t be required to, because it has senior water rights. But if levels in Lake Mead keep dropping, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water, including California’s share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a last-ditch effort to avoid that, the three states are hashing out a voluntary agreement. Arizona and Nevada are considering deeper water cuts, if California agrees to cuts amounting to somewhere between five and eight percent of its supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all realize if we model the future and we build in climate change, we could be in a world of hurt if we do nothing,” says Kightlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These negotiations would have been unthinkable just a decade ago, Kightlinger says. The three states have years of bad blood among them over the river. Most disagreements have been settled with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, that’s not easy to forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a target on our back in Imperial Valley for the amount of water we use,” says farmer Steve Benson, checking on one of his alfalfa fields near the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley produces two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter. Its sole source of water is the Colorado River. Benson sees little reason to share it because the district has senior water rights that trump the rights of Metropolitan Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other districts need to understand their place and their rights,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg\" alt=\"The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-800x466.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1020x594.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1920x1118.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1180x687.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-960x559.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-520x303.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many farmers also say they’ve compromised enough already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, California used more than its legal share of the Colorado River and finally agreed to cut back in 2003. The Imperial Irrigation District was under pressure to transfer water to cities like San Diego to make the cutbacks possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the single, hardest decision I have ever made in my life,” says Bruce Kuhn, who voted on the water transfer as a board member of the district. He cast the deciding vote to share the water, but it came at a personal price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It cost me some friends,” he reflects, still sighing at the memory. “I mean, we still talk but it isn’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuhn may have to make that same call again, and soon. California’s plan to voluntarily give up water to avoid an emergency shortage will likely come up for a vote. The Imperial Irrigation District is considering the deal, but is looking for incentives like the ability to bank water in Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kightlinger of the Metropolitan Water District says it’s a tough conversation. “But if the Colorado River dries up, Imperial goes out of business. It’s in all our interest to solve this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some, the negotiations are sign of what’s to come on an increasingly-stressed river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we get through?” asks UNLV’s Pat Mulroy. “Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years. There’s a different set of interconnections and relationships that have to be forged. So it’s how we tackle the problem that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Arizona Public Media and \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a> contributed audio to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A shrinking water supply on the Colorado River has some states grabbing more water, but California is considering giving some back.",
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"description": "A shrinking water supply on the Colorado River has some states grabbing more water, but California is considering giving some back.",
"title": "Drought on Colorado River Sparks Revolutionary Idea: Sharing Water | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/laurensommer/\" target=\"_blank\">Lauren Sommer\u003c/a>, KQED and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpr.org/news/profile/grace-hood\" target=\"_blank\">Grace Hood\u003c/a>, CPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Business as usual on the Colorado River may be about to come to a screeching halt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the worst recorded droughts in human history has stretched water supplies thin across the far-reaching river basin, which serves 40 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this more obvious than Lake Mead, which straddles the border of Arizona and Nevada. The water level in the country’s largest manmade reservoir has been plummeting; it’s now only 38 percent full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an official water shortage imminent, Arizona, Nevada and California are taking matters into their own hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states are hammering out a voluntary agreement to cut their water use — an approach some consider revolutionary after so many decades of fighting and lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cooperation springs from self-preservation. If Lake Mead drops too low, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Can we get through? Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years.’\u003ccite>Pat Mulroy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the same time, upper basin states like Colorado and Wyoming want to use more Colorado River water — something they’re legally entitled to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, Denver Water is in the final stages of seeking approval on a water storage project that would take more water out of the Colorado River. Wyoming is researching whether to store more water from the Green River, a Colorado tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah is discussing whether to build a pipeline to transport water from Lake Powell, the reservoir found up river from Lake Mead along the Utah-Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add in the likely impacts of climate change and how it’s affecting the Colorado River basin and you have an increasingly complex and challenging picture developing for the 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Mulroy, a senior fellow at the William S. Boyd School of Law at the University of Nevada Las Vegas and a leading Western water expert, says the time for a new toolbox and ideas to approach water management has arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There won’t be any winners and losers,” Mulroy says, unless Colorado River states move beyond the fighting and lawsuits of the last century as they try to adapt to the next century. “There will only be losers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Upper Basin States Want More Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a silent miracle that delivers water every day to Denver Water’s 1.4 million customers. For decades, the Fraser River, a tributary of the Colorado River, has flowed through a manmade system of dams, diversions and tunnels beneath the Continental Divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical linchpin sits just outside Boulder. Gross Reservoir is a man-made lake that provides reliable storage for Denver Water. Retired IBM workers Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live just out of eyesight from the reservoir. For Kurtz, that’s on purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s choking off a wild river which in my opinion is never a good thing,” Kurtz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164303\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164303\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg\" alt=\"Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1313\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-800x547.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-768x525.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-1180x807.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-960x657.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Gross-Reservoir-520x356.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beverly Kurtz and Tim Guenthner live near Gross Reservoir outside Boulder and oppose a reservoir expansion project. Denver Water is seeking to raise the dam behind them 131 feet. \u003ccite>(Grace Hood/CPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The couple have a new-found job in retirement. It’s fighting a proposed expansion to Gross Reservoir’s dam. Denver Water wants to raise the dam by 131 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t make sense to build a multi-million dollar dam and disrupt the environment here, when down the line,” Kurtz says. “That’s not going to solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that Colorado’s population is expected to nearly double by 2050. A carefully crafted water plan by Colorado’s top chiefs calls for 400,000 more acre feet of storage, and 400,000 additional acre feet of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denver Water CEO Jim Lochhead says more storage is an important part of the solution. It’s also an insurance policy against future drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From Denver Water’s perspective, if we can’t provide clean, reliable, sustainable water 100 years from now to our customers, we’re not doing our jobs,” says Lochhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proposed expansion of Gross Reservoir, Denver Water took a new approach. The agency worked with environmental groups and Western Slope water interests on the Colorado River Cooperative Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the effort involves Denver Water actively working on the Fraser River to narrow the stream channel and restore the river. If the agency gets the green light to expand Gross, it would be required to keep a formal relationship with environmental groups and local governments through the life of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293230158″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But that expansion is still expected to decrease stream flows by about one half of what they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wyoming, state engineer Pat Tyrrell says the state is studying whether to store more water from the Green River, another Colorado River tributary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel we have some room to grow. But we understand that growth comes with risk,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s risk because Wyoming could expand reservoirs with proper permits. In 10 or 20 years there may not be enough water to fill that storage — or deliver enough water to existing reservoirs like Lake Powell. Upper basin states have developed a contingency plan to make sure that happens in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Imbalance Between Supply and Demand\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What unites all water planners from Colorado down to California is the need for certainty. They need confidence there will be enough water to fuel population and agricultural growth. And there’s a huge new wildcard in the deck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change upsets all aspects of the water cycle,” says Brad Udall, Senior Water and Climate Scientist at the Colorado Water Institute at Colorado State University. He says hotter temperatures and drought make certainty a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Udall says a 16-year drought has dramatically decreased water supply. This recent past could be indicative of what the future holds. He worries that flows across the basin could be reduced by as much as 20 percent by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that temperatures are going to go up,” Udall says. “We know the temperature increases will influence the river flows, and that influence is likely to be strongly downward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now users along the Colorado River face a critical juncture. Deputy Secretary of the Interior Michael Connor recognizes the stress that climate change could have on future water supply. He also understands how overallocated the river is now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imbalance between supply and demand, is just going to increase over the next 50 years if we don’t have some very strategic plans that we put in place,” Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lower Basin States Turn to Cooperation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Downstream, the imbalance between supply and demand is already a reality. With an historic water shortage on the horizon, California, Arizona and Nevada are working on a voluntary agreement to cut back water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are especially high in California, where Colorado River water has played a critical role in the state’s five year drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been the reliable source of water for us,” says Jeffrey Kightlinger, manager of the Metropolitan Water District, a water wholesaler that serves 19 million people in Southern California, and major power player in California water policy. “We’ve been getting hardly anything from Northern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”300″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=true&show_comments=false&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/293229143″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At least a quarter of Metropolitan’s water supply comes from the Colorado River, which is delivered through a 240-mile aqueduct that stretches to the Arizona border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That supply is reaching a crisis point. Lake Mead could drop so low in 2017, an unprecedented shortage could be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’ll be a historic moment,” Kightlinger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arizona and Nevada would be forced to cut back on how much water they draw from the river. California wouldn’t be required to, because it has senior water rights. But if levels in Lake Mead keep dropping, the federal government could step in and reallocate the water, including California’s share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a last-ditch effort to avoid that, the three states are hashing out a voluntary agreement. Arizona and Nevada are considering deeper water cuts, if California agrees to cuts amounting to somewhere between five and eight percent of its supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all realize if we model the future and we build in climate change, we could be in a world of hurt if we do nothing,” says Kightlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These negotiations would have been unthinkable just a decade ago, Kightlinger says. The three states have years of bad blood among them over the river. Most disagreements have been settled with lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, that’s not easy to forget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there’s a target on our back in Imperial Valley for the amount of water we use,” says farmer Steve Benson, checking on one of his alfalfa fields near the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley produces two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter. Its sole source of water is the Colorado River. Benson sees little reason to share it because the district has senior water rights that trump the rights of Metropolitan Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other districts need to understand their place and their rights,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1164305\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1164305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg\" alt=\"The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1165\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-800x466.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1020x594.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1920x1118.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-1180x687.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-960x559.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/Sommer-IID-520x303.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Imperial Valley produces around two-thirds of the country’s vegetables in the winter, solely with Colorado River water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many farmers also say they’ve compromised enough already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, California used more than its legal share of the Colorado River and finally agreed to cut back in 2003. The Imperial Irrigation District was under pressure to transfer water to cities like San Diego to make the cutbacks possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the single, hardest decision I have ever made in my life,” says Bruce Kuhn, who voted on the water transfer as a board member of the district. He cast the deciding vote to share the water, but it came at a personal price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It cost me some friends,” he reflects, still sighing at the memory. “I mean, we still talk but it isn’t the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuhn may have to make that same call again, and soon. California’s plan to voluntarily give up water to avoid an emergency shortage will likely come up for a vote. The Imperial Irrigation District is considering the deal, but is looking for incentives like the ability to bank water in Lake Mead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kightlinger of the Metropolitan Water District says it’s a tough conversation. “But if the Colorado River dries up, Imperial goes out of business. It’s in all our interest to solve this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some, the negotiations are sign of what’s to come on an increasingly-stressed river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we get through?” asks UNLV’s Pat Mulroy. “Yes, but not the same way we got through the last 100 years. There’s a different set of interconnections and relationships that have to be forged. So it’s how we tackle the problem that has to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Arizona Public Media and \u003ca href=\"http://beyondthemirage.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond the Mirage\u003c/a> contributed audio to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How a Sound Guru Got From Synthesizers to the Music of Nature",
"headTitle": "How a Sound Guru Got From Synthesizers to the Music of Nature | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Tonight, KQED begins airing the new television documentary series, \u003ca href=\"http://soundbreaking.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Soundbreaking\u003c/a>, which explores the breakthroughs that changed music recording through the decades.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electronic instruments have been around since at least 1919, when Leon Theremin introduced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5qf9O6c20o\">weird-sounding box\u003c/a> that became a staple of mid-century sci-fi movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, mainstream electronic companies like RCA began to experiment with synthesized sound machines, powered by hundreds of vacuum tubes. But it was the advent of cheap transistors in the 1960s that a few entrepreneurs seized upon to make electronic synthesizers practical for studio recording — principally \u003ca href=\"https://www.moogmusic.com/legacy\">Robert Moog in New York\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/09/16/don-buchla-influential-synthesizer-designer-dead-at-79/\">Don Buchla in Berkeley\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We were able to do things we were never able to do before.’\u003ccite>Bernie Krause\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What Moog and Buchla did, kind of independently, is put all of these ideas into one box,” says Geeta Dayal, who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoriginalsoundtrack.com/about/comment-page-1/\">written extensively\u003c/a> on the history of electronic music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting that box (or boxes, since early synths came in multiple “modules”) into recording studios was a leap that required a different kind of visionary, like Bernie Krause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Electro-evangelists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes\u003cem>,\u003c/em> as in\u003cem> Doctor \u003c/em>Bernie Krause, best known today as the dean of the emerging field of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/listen-as-a-california-forest-grows-quiet-over-time/\">soundscape ecology\u003c/a>, and one of the chief curators of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com/\">nature’s own music\u003c/a>. Few today remember that he also played a seminal role ushering in the synthesizer age. Krause and his music partner, Paul Beaver, turned out to be pioneers in the musical genre that we now call “electronica.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1152728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1152728 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Bernie Krause and his creative partner, Paul Beaver, were key players in introducing the Moog synthesizer to pop music in the late 1960s.\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy.jpg 1800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-960x637.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernie Krause (foreground) and his creative partner, Paul Beaver, were key players in introducing the Moog synthesizer to pop music in the late 1960s. \u003ccite>(Bernie Krause/Wild Sanctuary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was the 1960s and Robert Moog had barely rolled out his first \u003ca href=\"https://www.moogmusic.com/legacy/moog-product-timeline\">electronic synths\u003c/a> — unwieldy modules that looked more like telephone switchboards than musical instruments. But by \u003ca href=\"http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/audio-music/synthesizer4.htm\">manipulating the voltage and other factors\u003c/a> that shape sound waves, these boxes could produce literally unheard-of effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beaver and Krause, who was then an underemployed session guitarist, scraped together $15,000 to buy their own Moog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time that we patched a cord from one hole into another, we got a result that was intriguing, and in some cases, really pretty incredible,” says Krause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9w7TmtIjOHI]”We were able to do things we were never able to do before by writing music in the traditional way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But converts were hard to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We tried every single producer in Hollywood and record companies,” recalls Krause. “We had a hundred rejections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Breakthrough at Monterey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breakthrough came at the legendary \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNrygTqx0FA\">Monterey Pop Festival\u003c/a> in 1967, when the two partners used the last of their savings to set up a demo booth for their synth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big-name artists and producers were wowed. Beaver and Krause soon had their own recording contract with Elektra’s Nonesuch label. Synths were so new, though, that that first LP was actually billed as a “Guide to Electronic Music,” complete with an instruction manual for aspiring synthesists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It was a wide-open playground for new ideas.’\u003ccite>Joel Selvin, music critic\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost overnight, synthesized recordings like Wendy Carlos’ “Switched-On Bach” were charting and getting radio airplay, but Beaver and Krause stayed true to their vision, which was more about testing the synth’s limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beaver and Krause operated on the margins of the recording industry,” says Joel Selvin. He was the San Francisco Chronicle’s pop music critic from 1970 to 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their records were experimental, not classifiable, not geared for radio airplay or any real obvious place in the commercial market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Back to Nature\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take “In a Wild Sanctuary,” a 1971 album that combined two polar opposites: totally synthesized music and actual nature recordings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first album on the theme of ecology, and the first album ever to use natural soundscapes as part of the orchestration,” recalls Krause, “which meant that Paul and I had to go out into the field and record some sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krause headed for the redwood groves of Muir Woods with his microphones. There he discovered his ultimate passion: recording natural soundscapes and assessing their role in the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also had to make a living, so he went to work as a sales rep for Moog. The machines were so ponderous at that time that Krause ended up setting them up and doing sessions for A-list recording artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were too stoned to play them,” he says. “They couldn’t figure out how to patch one hole to another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krause worked with a Who’s Who of the rock era, from the Byrds and Beatles to Stevie Wonder and Frank Zappa. When Jim Morrison decided to alter his voice on the Doors’ second album, “Strange Days,” that was Krause running his voice through a synth. These were strange days in the studio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were really looking for a new sound,” says Dayal, who reflects that synthesizers offered an “endless palette” of possibilities. The pop world was ready for the synthesizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a wide-open playground for new ideas,” recalls Selvin. “And it did get rapidly accepted but of course they just left Beaver and Krause behind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ride of the Valkyries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, not entirely. You can still hear echoes of Krause’s early work in classic and cult films, too. The \u003ca href=\"http://<iframe%20width=%22640%22%20height=%22360%22%20src=%22https://www.youtube.com/embed/g6gcz4hdLA8%22%20frameborder=%220%22%20allowfullscreen></iframe>\">signature scene\u003c/a> from Francis Ford Coppola’s Vietnam War epic, Apocalypse Now, opens with helicopter-evoking pulses that started on Krause’s Moog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6gcz4hdLA8&w=640&h=360]It was the last of 135 films that bear Krause’s fingerprints. Paul Beaver died while performing onstage in 1975. And Krause soon became exasperated with Hollywood . He went back to school, got his doctorate and has devoted the rest of his life to “The Great Animal Orchestra,” as his recent book is entitled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krause didn’t leave music behind. He just found it in new places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His close relationship with Beatles producer Sir George Martin lasted until Martin’s recent death. At one point, Martin \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feexRcCHh3k\">went into the field with Krause\u003c/a> for a program aired on the BBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a whim in 1988, Krause couldn’t resist producing an album of music composed entirely of animal and nature sounds. He called it, “Gorillas in the Mix,” a play on \u003cspan class=\"st\">Dian Fossey\u003c/span>‘s study of mountain gorillas in Rwanda (which Krause had also recorded by that time).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1152965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 702px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1152965 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup.jpg\" alt=\"Bernie Krause recording soundscapes at Sycamore Springs, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park.\" width=\"702\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup.jpg 702w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernie Krause recording soundscapes at Sycamore Springs, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park in 2000. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even today, in an age when software allows almost any kind of sound manipulation, Dayal says younger performers are starting to rediscover the original synths, making them “coveted collectors’ items.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Using a slick iPad app just doesn’t compare,” she says. “People want that kind of intimacy with technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayal says many artists yearn for a more tactile experience with their tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And they just look so cool, you know, with wires everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with KQED Arts for the series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/into-the-mix/\">Into the Mix\u003c/a>, where you’ll find more Bay Area connections to the evolution of sound recording.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A previous version of this post misidentified Nonesuch as a subsidiary label of Warner Bros.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bernie Krause is widely known for his seminal work in the emerging field of natural soundscape ecology -- but he was also a pioneer in the music form we've come to call electronica.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Tonight, KQED begins airing the new television documentary series, \u003ca href=\"http://soundbreaking.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Soundbreaking\u003c/a>, which explores the breakthroughs that changed music recording through the decades.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electronic instruments have been around since at least 1919, when Leon Theremin introduced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5qf9O6c20o\">weird-sounding box\u003c/a> that became a staple of mid-century sci-fi movies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, mainstream electronic companies like RCA began to experiment with synthesized sound machines, powered by hundreds of vacuum tubes. But it was the advent of cheap transistors in the 1960s that a few entrepreneurs seized upon to make electronic synthesizers practical for studio recording — principally \u003ca href=\"https://www.moogmusic.com/legacy\">Robert Moog in New York\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/09/16/don-buchla-influential-synthesizer-designer-dead-at-79/\">Don Buchla in Berkeley\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We were able to do things we were never able to do before.’\u003ccite>Bernie Krause\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What Moog and Buchla did, kind of independently, is put all of these ideas into one box,” says Geeta Dayal, who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoriginalsoundtrack.com/about/comment-page-1/\">written extensively\u003c/a> on the history of electronic music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting that box (or boxes, since early synths came in multiple “modules”) into recording studios was a leap that required a different kind of visionary, like Bernie Krause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Electro-evangelists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes\u003cem>,\u003c/em> as in\u003cem> Doctor \u003c/em>Bernie Krause, best known today as the dean of the emerging field of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/listen-as-a-california-forest-grows-quiet-over-time/\">soundscape ecology\u003c/a>, and one of the chief curators of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com/\">nature’s own music\u003c/a>. Few today remember that he also played a seminal role ushering in the synthesizer age. Krause and his music partner, Paul Beaver, turned out to be pioneers in the musical genre that we now call “electronica.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1152728\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1152728 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy.jpg\" alt=\"Bernie Krause and his creative partner, Paul Beaver, were key players in introducing the Moog synthesizer to pop music in the late 1960s.\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy.jpg 1800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-960x637.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK1967-copy-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernie Krause (foreground) and his creative partner, Paul Beaver, were key players in introducing the Moog synthesizer to pop music in the late 1960s. \u003ccite>(Bernie Krause/Wild Sanctuary)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was the 1960s and Robert Moog had barely rolled out his first \u003ca href=\"https://www.moogmusic.com/legacy/moog-product-timeline\">electronic synths\u003c/a> — unwieldy modules that looked more like telephone switchboards than musical instruments. But by \u003ca href=\"http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/audio-music/synthesizer4.htm\">manipulating the voltage and other factors\u003c/a> that shape sound waves, these boxes could produce literally unheard-of effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beaver and Krause, who was then an underemployed session guitarist, scraped together $15,000 to buy their own Moog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time that we patched a cord from one hole into another, we got a result that was intriguing, and in some cases, really pretty incredible,” says Krause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9w7TmtIjOHI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9w7TmtIjOHI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”We were able to do things we were never able to do before by writing music in the traditional way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But converts were hard to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We tried every single producer in Hollywood and record companies,” recalls Krause. “We had a hundred rejections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Breakthrough at Monterey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breakthrough came at the legendary \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNrygTqx0FA\">Monterey Pop Festival\u003c/a> in 1967, when the two partners used the last of their savings to set up a demo booth for their synth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big-name artists and producers were wowed. Beaver and Krause soon had their own recording contract with Elektra’s Nonesuch label. Synths were so new, though, that that first LP was actually billed as a “Guide to Electronic Music,” complete with an instruction manual for aspiring synthesists.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It was a wide-open playground for new ideas.’\u003ccite>Joel Selvin, music critic\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost overnight, synthesized recordings like Wendy Carlos’ “Switched-On Bach” were charting and getting radio airplay, but Beaver and Krause stayed true to their vision, which was more about testing the synth’s limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beaver and Krause operated on the margins of the recording industry,” says Joel Selvin. He was the San Francisco Chronicle’s pop music critic from 1970 to 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their records were experimental, not classifiable, not geared for radio airplay or any real obvious place in the commercial market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Back to Nature\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take “In a Wild Sanctuary,” a 1971 album that combined two polar opposites: totally synthesized music and actual nature recordings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first album on the theme of ecology, and the first album ever to use natural soundscapes as part of the orchestration,” recalls Krause, “which meant that Paul and I had to go out into the field and record some sound.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krause headed for the redwood groves of Muir Woods with his microphones. There he discovered his ultimate passion: recording natural soundscapes and assessing their role in the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also had to make a living, so he went to work as a sales rep for Moog. The machines were so ponderous at that time that Krause ended up setting them up and doing sessions for A-list recording artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were too stoned to play them,” he says. “They couldn’t figure out how to patch one hole to another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krause worked with a Who’s Who of the rock era, from the Byrds and Beatles to Stevie Wonder and Frank Zappa. When Jim Morrison decided to alter his voice on the Doors’ second album, “Strange Days,” that was Krause running his voice through a synth. These were strange days in the studio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were really looking for a new sound,” says Dayal, who reflects that synthesizers offered an “endless palette” of possibilities. The pop world was ready for the synthesizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a wide-open playground for new ideas,” recalls Selvin. “And it did get rapidly accepted but of course they just left Beaver and Krause behind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ride of the Valkyries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, not entirely. You can still hear echoes of Krause’s early work in classic and cult films, too. The \u003ca href=\"http://<iframe%20width=%22640%22%20height=%22360%22%20src=%22https://www.youtube.com/embed/g6gcz4hdLA8%22%20frameborder=%220%22%20allowfullscreen></iframe>\">signature scene\u003c/a> from Francis Ford Coppola’s Vietnam War epic, Apocalypse Now, opens with helicopter-evoking pulses that started on Krause’s Moog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/g6gcz4hdLA8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/g6gcz4hdLA8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>It was the last of 135 films that bear Krause’s fingerprints. Paul Beaver died while performing onstage in 1975. And Krause soon became exasperated with Hollywood . He went back to school, got his doctorate and has devoted the rest of his life to “The Great Animal Orchestra,” as his recent book is entitled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krause didn’t leave music behind. He just found it in new places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His close relationship with Beatles producer Sir George Martin lasted until Martin’s recent death. At one point, Martin \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=feexRcCHh3k\">went into the field with Krause\u003c/a> for a program aired on the BBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a whim in 1988, Krause couldn’t resist producing an album of music composed entirely of animal and nature sounds. He called it, “Gorillas in the Mix,” a play on \u003cspan class=\"st\">Dian Fossey\u003c/span>‘s study of mountain gorillas in Rwanda (which Krause had also recorded by that time).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1152965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 702px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1152965 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup.jpg\" alt=\"Bernie Krause recording soundscapes at Sycamore Springs, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park.\" width=\"702\" height=\"469\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup.jpg 702w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/11/BK_SEKI_SycamoreLookup-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernie Krause recording soundscapes at Sycamore Springs, Sequoia-Kings Canyon National Park in 2000. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even today, in an age when software allows almost any kind of sound manipulation, Dayal says younger performers are starting to rediscover the original synths, making them “coveted collectors’ items.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Using a slick iPad app just doesn’t compare,” she says. “People want that kind of intimacy with technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayal says many artists yearn for a more tactile experience with their tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And they just look so cool, you know, with wires everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with KQED Arts for the series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/into-the-mix/\">Into the Mix\u003c/a>, where you’ll find more Bay Area connections to the evolution of sound recording.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A previous version of this post misidentified Nonesuch as a subsidiary label of Warner Bros.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Monday's Supermoon Will Be Extra Super -- Closest in Nearly 70 Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>The moon doesn’t get much bigger and brighter than this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Earthlings will be treated to a so-called supermoon — the closest full moon of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">To see the moon at its biggest and brightest, go outside Monday morning just before dawn.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Monday’s supermoon will be extra super — it will be the closest the moon comes to us in almost 70 years. And it won’t happen again for another 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA says the closest approach will occur at 6:21 a.m. EST when the moon comes within 221,523 miles (356,508 kilometers). That’s from the center of the Earth to the center of the moon. Full moon will occur at 8:52 a.m. EST.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA planetary geologist Noah Petro is urging everyone to step outside and soak in the view. At the time of closest approach, the moon will be setting and the sun rising, at least on the U.S. East Coast, so prime viewing will be Sunday and Monday nights there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, people should be more geared toward just getting outside and enjoying it,” Petro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supermoons can appear 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter in the night sky. But it takes a real expert to notice the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petro, deputy project scientist for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter circling the moon, said Thursday that even he won’t be able to see much difference in size and luminosity. What counts, he said, is getting people “talking, thinking and caring about the moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather permitting, it’s a sky show the entire planet can enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone gets to see the moon,” Petro said. “It’s a great shared resource for all humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the moon was so close — actually, 29 miles closer — was in January 1948. That’s the same year the Cleveland Indians last won the World Series, Petro noted, “a big year,” at least there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2034, the moon will come even closer, within 221,485 miles. That, too, will be a supermoon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The moon doesn’t get much bigger and brighter than this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Earthlings will be treated to a so-called supermoon — the closest full moon of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">To see the moon at its biggest and brightest, go outside Monday morning just before dawn.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Monday’s supermoon will be extra super — it will be the closest the moon comes to us in almost 70 years. And it won’t happen again for another 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA says the closest approach will occur at 6:21 a.m. EST when the moon comes within 221,523 miles (356,508 kilometers). That’s from the center of the Earth to the center of the moon. Full moon will occur at 8:52 a.m. EST.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA planetary geologist Noah Petro is urging everyone to step outside and soak in the view. At the time of closest approach, the moon will be setting and the sun rising, at least on the U.S. East Coast, so prime viewing will be Sunday and Monday nights there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately, people should be more geared toward just getting outside and enjoying it,” Petro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supermoons can appear 14 percent bigger and 30 percent brighter in the night sky. But it takes a real expert to notice the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petro, deputy project scientist for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter circling the moon, said Thursday that even he won’t be able to see much difference in size and luminosity. What counts, he said, is getting people “talking, thinking and caring about the moon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather permitting, it’s a sky show the entire planet can enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone gets to see the moon,” Petro said. “It’s a great shared resource for all humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the moon was so close — actually, 29 miles closer — was in January 1948. That’s the same year the Cleveland Indians last won the World Series, Petro noted, “a big year,” at least there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2034, the moon will come even closer, within 221,485 miles. That, too, will be a supermoon.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "GMO Crops Headed for Ban in Sonoma County",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sonoma County voters appear to have banned genetically modified crops in unincorporated areas of the county, approving Measure M by a margin of 56-44 percent in unofficial results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results reflect a significant change in public sentiment. Sonoma voters shot down a similar measure in 2005 by a 5 percent margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma joins five other California counties that have already passed bans on transgenic crops: Mendocino, Marin, Trinity, Humboldt and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents say the ban is necessary to protect the county’s organic fields from cross-pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, says Karen Hudson, head of the campaign for the measure, if 1 percent of a farmer’s crop is contaminated by genetically engineered pollen, it becomes illegal for that farmer to use the seeds for the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that seed belongs to the corporation that owns the patent on those seeds,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson also worries about increased use of herbicides in GMO plants. Many of them are engineered to resist herbicides like Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spraying a crop with the same herbicide in a field over and over for several years depletes the soil of its nutrients,” says Hudson. “And it also creates weeds that are resistant to that particular herbicide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the measure, farmers could not plant any GMO seeds or grow GMO crops in unincorporated areas, which includes the majority of vineyards, dairies and farms in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure M allows a transition period so that growers could continue cultivating existing GMO crops until the plants mature. Farmers who have GMO seeds in their possession would have to plant them in the growing season after the ordinance goes into effect. After that season, the GMO seeds would have to be destroyed or removed from the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetically modified plants are organisms whose genetic material has been altered to resist herbicides, weather drought, add nutritional benefits or improve crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most big crops in the Midwest, such as corn, soybean and cotton, have been genetically modified. The chemical companies Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer, BASF, and DuPont funded the No campaign on Measure M.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The growing method is considered safe and very effective,” says Dave Kranz from the California Farm Bureau. “You don’t know what may be coming when you impose a blanket ban.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kranz uses the example of transgenic papayas in Hawaii to make his point. When the ringspot virus almost annihilated the fruit in the 1990s, the rainbow papaya saved the day. The genetically modified fruit rejected the pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year the National Academy of Sciences released a \u003ca href=\"http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/\">report\u003c/a> concluding that genetically engineered foods are safe to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases technology is a perfectly appropriate solution,” says Kranz. He highlights the fact that Sonoma County is a grape-growing region that may need biotech to help vines weather severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance would take effect as soon as election results are finalized, which is expected in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson says the campaign isn’t over; the next step will be a measure to ban GMOs in cities in Sonoma County. She’s worried about grasses in people’s yards and recreational areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have genetically engineered blue grass and fescue grasses that not only contaminate native grasses,” she says, “but it would also have the potential to blow into our pastures.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sonoma County voters appear to have banned genetically modified crops in unincorporated areas of the county, approving Measure M by a margin of 56-44 percent in unofficial results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results reflect a significant change in public sentiment. Sonoma voters shot down a similar measure in 2005 by a 5 percent margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma joins five other California counties that have already passed bans on transgenic crops: Mendocino, Marin, Trinity, Humboldt and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents say the ban is necessary to protect the county’s organic fields from cross-pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under U.S. law, says Karen Hudson, head of the campaign for the measure, if 1 percent of a farmer’s crop is contaminated by genetically engineered pollen, it becomes illegal for that farmer to use the seeds for the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that seed belongs to the corporation that owns the patent on those seeds,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson also worries about increased use of herbicides in GMO plants. Many of them are engineered to resist herbicides like Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Spraying a crop with the same herbicide in a field over and over for several years depletes the soil of its nutrients,” says Hudson. “And it also creates weeds that are resistant to that particular herbicide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the measure, farmers could not plant any GMO seeds or grow GMO crops in unincorporated areas, which includes the majority of vineyards, dairies and farms in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure M allows a transition period so that growers could continue cultivating existing GMO crops until the plants mature. Farmers who have GMO seeds in their possession would have to plant them in the growing season after the ordinance goes into effect. After that season, the GMO seeds would have to be destroyed or removed from the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetically modified plants are organisms whose genetic material has been altered to resist herbicides, weather drought, add nutritional benefits or improve crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most big crops in the Midwest, such as corn, soybean and cotton, have been genetically modified. The chemical companies Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer, BASF, and DuPont funded the No campaign on Measure M.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The growing method is considered safe and very effective,” says Dave Kranz from the California Farm Bureau. “You don’t know what may be coming when you impose a blanket ban.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kranz uses the example of transgenic papayas in Hawaii to make his point. When the ringspot virus almost annihilated the fruit in the 1990s, the rainbow papaya saved the day. The genetically modified fruit rejected the pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year the National Academy of Sciences released a \u003ca href=\"http://nas-sites.org/ge-crops/\">report\u003c/a> concluding that genetically engineered foods are safe to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some cases technology is a perfectly appropriate solution,” says Kranz. He highlights the fact that Sonoma County is a grape-growing region that may need biotech to help vines weather severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance would take effect as soon as election results are finalized, which is expected in early December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hudson says the campaign isn’t over; the next step will be a measure to ban GMOs in cities in Sonoma County. She’s worried about grasses in people’s yards and recreational areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have genetically engineered blue grass and fescue grasses that not only contaminate native grasses,” she says, “but it would also have the potential to blow into our pastures.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "States May Drive U.S. Climate Policy Under Trump",
"headTitle": "States May Drive U.S. Climate Policy Under Trump | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump could scrap the Obama administration’s plans to combat climate change once he takes office, a move that could shift climate policy making to local lawmakers instead of national ones, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, Trump made his vision for federal climate policy clear: He has promised to reverse Obama’s climate agenda, including the Clean Power Plan, which would cut carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants as a way to meet U.S. obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has appointed climate change skeptic Myron Ebell as the leader of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-backs-off-plan-to-eliminate-epa/article/2602581\">also said\u003c/a> he would “refocus” the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to become less regulatory and pledged to cancel U.S. involvement in the Paris pact. He promised to fully develop all of America’s coal, oil and natural gas as a way to become fully energy independent, and said wind and other renewable energy sources \u003ca href=\"http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/north-dakota/4041606-trump-ready-unleash-oil-industry\">are expensive\u003c/a> and work less effectively than fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a sign of where Trump will take federal agencies involved in climate regulation, he has appointed \u003ca href=\"https://cei.org/expert/myron-ebell\">Myron Ebell\u003c/a>, a climate change skeptic and director of the Center for Energy and Environment at the conservative Competitive Enterprise Institute, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-picks-top-climate-skeptic-to-lead-epa-transition/\">the leader\u003c/a> of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts disagree about the extent to which Trump is likely to be successful in rolling back U.S. climate and energy policy, though many say he’ll be able to render carbon emissions regulations nearly impotent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an unmitigated disaster for U.S. climate policy,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghgpolicy.org/about/\">Danny Cullenward\u003c/a>, an energy economist and lawyer at the Carnegie Institution for Science. “President Trump alone could unwind the Clean Power Plan, the Climate Action Plan and the United States’ commitment to Paris. With a supportive Senate, he will be able to appoint anyone he likes to key agencies and cabinet positions. With support in both houses of Congress, the legislative agenda is wide open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://blog.aee.net/author/arvin-ganesan\">Arvin Ganesan\u003c/a>, vice president of federal policy for the group Advanced Energy Economy and the former deputy chief of staff for policy at the EPA, said it’s too early to tell what Trump will do with the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we do know is the Clean Power Plan is just one factor driving a market that is already undergoing significant transformation,” Ganesan said. “Utilities, regional grid operators, and state regulators are already working to integrate advanced energy technologies to make our electric power system more reliable and affordable, and that also happen to reduce carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ganesan said he sees Trump’s election as a business opportunity for those who want to create jobs by improving the nation’s energy infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://web.law.columbia.edu/climate-change/about-center/staff-and-affiliates/michael-burger\">Michael Burger\u003c/a>, executive director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University, said that a Trump administration could be devastating for climate regulation in the U.S., but there are limits to what Trump will likely do right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory process for rescinding climate regulations is complicated and could take months or years, and those favoring regulations could sue to stop Trump from eliminating them, Burger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Obama has been challenged in court at every turn as he tried to reduce greenhouse gases,” Burger said. “You can be sure that Trump will also be challenged in court each and every step of the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is already tied up in a lengthy court battle after 24 states sued to stop it. The Trump administration could choose not to defend it or allow it to be struck down by the Supreme Court, which would likely feature a Trump-appointee filling Justice Antonin Scalia’s open seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/stavins/home\">Robert Stavins\u003c/a>, director of the Environmental Economics Program at Harvard University, said that even with full GOP control of Congress, Trump is unlikely to repeal federal laws authorizing climate policies such as the Clean Power Plan because Democrats, who largely favor climate policy, will be able to filibuster any bill aiming to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would he eliminate the EPA, as he also promised at one point?” Stavins said. “No. Again, that would require an act of Congress. But he could starve the agency through low funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2528\">Michael Gerrard\u003c/a>, faculty director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, said cutting funds to the EPA and other regulatory agencies through the appropriations process is something President Reagan did during the beginning of his administration in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that period, most of the action went down to the state level,” Gerrard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States, which are already laboratories for carbon-cutting policies, could become the nation’s bulwark against a federal government hostile to combating climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States’ actions are already driving a clean energy transition,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.analysisgroup.com/experts-and-staff/senior-advisors/susan-f--tierney/\">Susan Tierney\u003c/a>, senior advisor to the Analysis Group and former assistant secretary of policy for the U.S. Department of Energy. “Most of the states have been pushing for deeper investments in energy efficiency. State policies pushing for rooftop PV (photovoltaics) and utility-scale solar have transformed those markets. And states are increasingly adopting their own long-term carbon reduction targets. Yep, they’re leading the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerrard said states can also regulate emissions from power plants within their borders, spur the development of new technology, create energy efficiency standards and find other ways of cutting carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many Northeastern states have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/decision-on-climate-plan-jolts-carbon-prices-20497\">banded together\u003c/a> to create their own cap-and-trade program called the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. California has its own cap-and-trade program along with one of the nation’s most ambitious \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/californias-emissions-goal-is-a-milestone-on-climate-efforts.html\">climate goals\u003c/a> — to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. And Hawaii plans to go 100 percent renewable by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential state action is the only climate-related silver lining to Trump’s election, but only if states reluctant to take action on climate follow suit, Cullenward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States will continue to make progress on energy and climate issues, but it is absolutely critical that pro-climate states change strategy,” he said. “Absent a national commitment, the efforts of a few key states to continue with policy won’t make much of a difference in terms of absolute emissions — those states have already made progress and their accomplishments are easily offset by other states that take the opposite approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump could scrap the Obama administration’s plans to combat climate change once he takes office, a move that could shift climate policy making to local lawmakers instead of national ones, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his campaign, Trump made his vision for federal climate policy clear: He has promised to reverse Obama’s climate agenda, including the Clean Power Plan, which would cut carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants as a way to meet U.S. obligations under the Paris Climate Agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has appointed climate change skeptic Myron Ebell as the leader of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/trump-backs-off-plan-to-eliminate-epa/article/2602581\">also said\u003c/a> he would “refocus” the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to become less regulatory and pledged to cancel U.S. involvement in the Paris pact. He promised to fully develop all of America’s coal, oil and natural gas as a way to become fully energy independent, and said wind and other renewable energy sources \u003ca href=\"http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/news/north-dakota/4041606-trump-ready-unleash-oil-industry\">are expensive\u003c/a> and work less effectively than fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a sign of where Trump will take federal agencies involved in climate regulation, he has appointed \u003ca href=\"https://cei.org/expert/myron-ebell\">Myron Ebell\u003c/a>, a climate change skeptic and director of the Center for Energy and Environment at the conservative Competitive Enterprise Institute, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/trump-picks-top-climate-skeptic-to-lead-epa-transition/\">the leader\u003c/a> of the EPA’s transition team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts disagree about the extent to which Trump is likely to be successful in rolling back U.S. climate and energy policy, though many say he’ll be able to render carbon emissions regulations nearly impotent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an unmitigated disaster for U.S. climate policy,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghgpolicy.org/about/\">Danny Cullenward\u003c/a>, an energy economist and lawyer at the Carnegie Institution for Science. “President Trump alone could unwind the Clean Power Plan, the Climate Action Plan and the United States’ commitment to Paris. With a supportive Senate, he will be able to appoint anyone he likes to key agencies and cabinet positions. With support in both houses of Congress, the legislative agenda is wide open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://blog.aee.net/author/arvin-ganesan\">Arvin Ganesan\u003c/a>, vice president of federal policy for the group Advanced Energy Economy and the former deputy chief of staff for policy at the EPA, said it’s too early to tell what Trump will do with the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we do know is the Clean Power Plan is just one factor driving a market that is already undergoing significant transformation,” Ganesan said. “Utilities, regional grid operators, and state regulators are already working to integrate advanced energy technologies to make our electric power system more reliable and affordable, and that also happen to reduce carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ganesan said he sees Trump’s election as a business opportunity for those who want to create jobs by improving the nation’s energy infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://web.law.columbia.edu/climate-change/about-center/staff-and-affiliates/michael-burger\">Michael Burger\u003c/a>, executive director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University, said that a Trump administration could be devastating for climate regulation in the U.S., but there are limits to what Trump will likely do right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory process for rescinding climate regulations is complicated and could take months or years, and those favoring regulations could sue to stop Trump from eliminating them, Burger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Obama has been challenged in court at every turn as he tried to reduce greenhouse gases,” Burger said. “You can be sure that Trump will also be challenged in court each and every step of the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is already tied up in a lengthy court battle after 24 states sued to stop it. The Trump administration could choose not to defend it or allow it to be struck down by the Supreme Court, which would likely feature a Trump-appointee filling Justice Antonin Scalia’s open seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/stavins/home\">Robert Stavins\u003c/a>, director of the Environmental Economics Program at Harvard University, said that even with full GOP control of Congress, Trump is unlikely to repeal federal laws authorizing climate policies such as the Clean Power Plan because Democrats, who largely favor climate policy, will be able to filibuster any bill aiming to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would he eliminate the EPA, as he also promised at one point?” Stavins said. “No. Again, that would require an act of Congress. But he could starve the agency through low funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2528\">Michael Gerrard\u003c/a>, faculty director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, said cutting funds to the EPA and other regulatory agencies through the appropriations process is something President Reagan did during the beginning of his administration in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that period, most of the action went down to the state level,” Gerrard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States, which are already laboratories for carbon-cutting policies, could become the nation’s bulwark against a federal government hostile to combating climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States’ actions are already driving a clean energy transition,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.analysisgroup.com/experts-and-staff/senior-advisors/susan-f--tierney/\">Susan Tierney\u003c/a>, senior advisor to the Analysis Group and former assistant secretary of policy for the U.S. Department of Energy. “Most of the states have been pushing for deeper investments in energy efficiency. State policies pushing for rooftop PV (photovoltaics) and utility-scale solar have transformed those markets. And states are increasingly adopting their own long-term carbon reduction targets. Yep, they’re leading the way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerrard said states can also regulate emissions from power plants within their borders, spur the development of new technology, create energy efficiency standards and find other ways of cutting carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, many Northeastern states have \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/decision-on-climate-plan-jolts-carbon-prices-20497\">banded together\u003c/a> to create their own cap-and-trade program called the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. California has its own cap-and-trade program along with one of the nation’s most ambitious \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/us/californias-emissions-goal-is-a-milestone-on-climate-efforts.html\">climate goals\u003c/a> — to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. And Hawaii plans to go 100 percent renewable by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential state action is the only climate-related silver lining to Trump’s election, but only if states reluctant to take action on climate follow suit, Cullenward said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“States will continue to make progress on energy and climate issues, but it is absolutely critical that pro-climate states change strategy,” he said. “Absent a national commitment, the efforts of a few key states to continue with policy won’t make much of a difference in terms of absolute emissions — those states have already made progress and their accomplishments are easily offset by other states that take the opposite approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Environmentalists hope the last \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">frack\u003c/a> has happened in Monterey County. Measure Z, which would ban the contentious oil and gas drilling technique, was leading with 56 percent of the vote as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“David beat Goliath in Monterey,” says Kassie Siegel, director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute. “It shows the power of grass-roots movements to overcome even unlimited spending by the world’s largest polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas companies outspent backers of Measure Z, the ban on fracking and other oil and gas extraction methods, by 30-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,200 existing oil wells near San Ardo and in the Salinas Valley could prevail under Measure Z, and in five years underground wastewater injection would be prohibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County produces 4 percent of California’s oil, and it’s the fourth-largest oil-producing county in the state. This would be the seventh California county to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel calls the local battle an imperative step to solve the climate crisis. “We know we need to transition to 100 percent clean renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The No on Measure Z campaign released a statement declaring disappointment in the results so far because they say hundreds of local jobs and millions of dollars in local revenue would be at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an even larger fight looms. Siegel has her eyes on a statewide ban. “We have a plan to phase out the existing enormous, enormous production here, and we are not going to go away until we have real protections for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition leading efforts for a statewide ban is Californians Against Fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmentalists hope the last \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fracking\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">frack\u003c/a> has happened in Monterey County. Measure Z, which would ban the contentious oil and gas drilling technique, was leading with 56 percent of the vote as of Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“David beat Goliath in Monterey,” says Kassie Siegel, director of the Center for Biological Diversity’s Climate Law Institute. “It shows the power of grass-roots movements to overcome even unlimited spending by the world’s largest polluters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas companies outspent backers of Measure Z, the ban on fracking and other oil and gas extraction methods, by 30-to-1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,200 existing oil wells near San Ardo and in the Salinas Valley could prevail under Measure Z, and in five years underground wastewater injection would be prohibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County produces 4 percent of California’s oil, and it’s the fourth-largest oil-producing county in the state. This would be the seventh California county to ban fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siegel calls the local battle an imperative step to solve the climate crisis. “We know we need to transition to 100 percent clean renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The No on Measure Z campaign released a statement declaring disappointment in the results so far because they say hundreds of local jobs and millions of dollars in local revenue would be at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But an even larger fight looms. Siegel has her eyes on a statewide ban. “We have a plan to phase out the existing enormous, enormous production here, and we are not going to go away until we have real protections for Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition leading efforts for a statewide ban is Californians Against Fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">California’s epic battle over plastic bags looks to be over — as of Wednesday evening 52 percent of voters have upheld the statewide ban on carryout bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">“The voters took a a very strong stand against a very deceptive multimillion-dollar campaign by out-of-state plastic bag makers who thought they could hijack California’s initiative and referendum system to protect their profits,” says Steven Maviglio, spokesman for the Yes on 67 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">In 2007, San Francisco became the first city in the nation to ban plastic bags, and about 150 cities and counties have followed suit. In 2014, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a statewide ban, but it never took effect because immediately after it became law, the American Progressive Bag Alliance (APBA), an industry group that lobbied against the bill, began collecting signatures to stop it with Proposition 67.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition’s intent is to cut down on the cost of plastic pollution and unify the patchwork of local laws. California taxpayers spend $25 million every year to dispose used plastic bags, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a significant environmental victory!” exclaims Maviglio. “It immediately means that 25 million plastic bags that are polluting California every day will be removed from our waste stream and from our oceans, and our coasts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Lee Califf, executive director of the APBA, warns that voters have set themselves up for buyer’s remorse. “Plastic bag bans don’t meaningfully reduce overall waste or litter or provide a positive environmental impact, but they do threaten tens of thousands of American manufacturing jobs, hit consumers in the wallet and drive people to use less environmentally friendly carryout options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Proposition 67 passes, supermarkets and large grocery stores will no longer offer flimsy plastic bags. You will need to bring a bag or pay at least a dime for a paper or reusable bag. The 10-cent fee will be waived for low-income folks who pay with a state benefit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small grocery stores, convenience stores and liquor stores would have 18 months to comply with the law. Stores could still offer thin plastic bags for bulk goods and produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All revenue from the bag ban would be directed toward educational campaigns or to cover the costs of providing paper bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other ballot measure backed by the ABPA would have funneled that 10-cent bag fee to a wildlife conservation fund, Proposition 65, but the measure failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, instead of bag fees going to an environmental fund, grocers will keep hundreds of millions of dollars in new profits without providing any public benefit,” says Califf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents of 65 thought the measure was a ploy by the plastic industry to confuse voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California voters saw right through the motivations of out-of-state corporations and overwhelmingly rejected it [Proposition 65] and kept the law as signed by the governor in place,” says Maviglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would be the first state in the nation to ban plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">California’s epic battle over plastic bags looks to be over — as of Wednesday evening 52 percent of voters have upheld the statewide ban on carryout bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">“The voters took a a very strong stand against a very deceptive multimillion-dollar campaign by out-of-state plastic bag makers who thought they could hijack California’s initiative and referendum system to protect their profits,” says Steven Maviglio, spokesman for the Yes on 67 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"tp-ad-processed\">In 2007, San Francisco became the first city in the nation to ban plastic bags, and about 150 cities and counties have followed suit. In 2014, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a statewide ban, but it never took effect because immediately after it became law, the American Progressive Bag Alliance (APBA), an industry group that lobbied against the bill, began collecting signatures to stop it with Proposition 67.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition’s intent is to cut down on the cost of plastic pollution and unify the patchwork of local laws. California taxpayers spend $25 million every year to dispose used plastic bags, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a significant environmental victory!” exclaims Maviglio. “It immediately means that 25 million plastic bags that are polluting California every day will be removed from our waste stream and from our oceans, and our coasts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Lee Califf, executive director of the APBA, warns that voters have set themselves up for buyer’s remorse. “Plastic bag bans don’t meaningfully reduce overall waste or litter or provide a positive environmental impact, but they do threaten tens of thousands of American manufacturing jobs, hit consumers in the wallet and drive people to use less environmentally friendly carryout options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Proposition 67 passes, supermarkets and large grocery stores will no longer offer flimsy plastic bags. You will need to bring a bag or pay at least a dime for a paper or reusable bag. The 10-cent fee will be waived for low-income folks who pay with a state benefit card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small grocery stores, convenience stores and liquor stores would have 18 months to comply with the law. Stores could still offer thin plastic bags for bulk goods and produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All revenue from the bag ban would be directed toward educational campaigns or to cover the costs of providing paper bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other ballot measure backed by the ABPA would have funneled that 10-cent bag fee to a wildlife conservation fund, Proposition 65, but the measure failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, instead of bag fees going to an environmental fund, grocers will keep hundreds of millions of dollars in new profits without providing any public benefit,” says Califf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But opponents of 65 thought the measure was a ploy by the plastic industry to confuse voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California voters saw right through the motivations of out-of-state corporations and overwhelmingly rejected it [Proposition 65] and kept the law as signed by the governor in place,” says Maviglio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would be the first state in the nation to ban plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
