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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists, teachers, students—even pre-school kids—have been creating signs, banners and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/03/pussyhat-inspires-protest-beanie-for-science-march/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest hats\u003c/a> in preparation for this weekend’s March for Science happening on Earth Day, Saturday April 22. (To find the march closest to you visit:\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/satellite-marches/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March for Science\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>KQED Live Coverage of Science March\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> RADIO:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>11:04 a.m. — News from San Francisco’s March\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>1 to 2 p.m. — KQED Hosts Scott Shafer and Craig Miller will check in with reporters and scientists around the state and in Washington D.C. on what’s happening and why scientists are marching. We’ll also talk with scientists around the country about what’s at stake for U.S. climate change policy.\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ONLINE:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11 a.m. to 4 p.m. — Come back here for live coverage with photos, interviews and tweets from the march. Follow us also on Facebook and Instagram with Facebook live interviews and Instagram stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Organizers say the purpose of the March for Science is to celebrate and stand up for scientific research and promote the use of evidence-based science in public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not often that scientists turn into activists, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jon Foley\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>executive director of the California Academy of Sciences\u003cem>, \u003c/em>says “this might be the darkest moment for scientists in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science, and fact-based decision making, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/protesters-rally-in-boston-against-trumps-anti-science-rhetoric/2017/02/19/1c5aaf82-f6eb-11e6-be05-1a3817ac21a5_story.html?utm_term=.f288abdffaa5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">being attacked\u003c/a> in this country like never before, and that’s dangerous for all Americans,” says Foley. “It’s dangerous because it compromises our health, our safety, our security, and our economy—all for a few special interests. That’s not just anti-science, it’s unamerican.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the main march on Washington D.C.’s National Mall on April 22, there are more than 500 marches planned nationwide–41 of them local marches scheduled in California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/national-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kishore Hari\u003c/a>, who is coordinating logistics for marches globally, says he expects hundreds of thousands of people to turn up in cities and towns throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest California rallies are planned for San Francisco, San Diego, and Los Angeles. But Hari says he expects a good turnout for smaller local marches including those in Northern California planned for Modesto, Redding and Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8cPu99jtclNCT49fm1CNmcmi57c9xmEN”]”I’m personally more excited about the marches in smaller towns— something really special about those,” says Hari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley event in San Jose is expected one of the best attended in the Bay Area, partly because the march ends ends where \u003ca href=\"http://ctt.marketwire.com/?release=11G135457-001&id=11470048&type=0&url=http%3a%2f%2fsvcomiccon.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Comic Con\u003c/a> is hosting a free outdoor festival, complete with costumed astronauts, mad scientists and aliens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three of the Biggest Bay Area Marches:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. Rally at Justin Herman Plaza\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe rally starts at Justin Herman Plaza across from the Ferry Building where several speakers will talk before the march moves down Market Street and ends at Civic Center. Adam Savage, the host of Mythbusters and DJ Patil, the former U.S. Chief Data Scientist under Obama, are both scheduled to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesv.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. March from San Jose City Hall\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe march begins at city hall and travels down 4th Street to San Fernando, then ends at Plaza de Cesar Chavez. There Big Bang Theory actress Mayim Bialik, who also has a neuroscience PhD, will speak alongside Kimberly Bryant, the founder of Black Girls Code and chemist William Moerner who is a Nobel Laureate. The rally will share space with the annual Silicon Valley Comic Con’s outdoor festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/1788453908141585/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sacramento\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>10:00 a.m. March from South Side Park\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor the first two hours there will be musical performances and a protest song sing-along at the park’s amphitheater before the march moves toward the Capitol at noon. At the Capitol there will be music and an interactive, all-ages science exploration zone at 9th and N Street. Speakers include Anthony Barnosky,Executive Director of Stanford’s Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and Elizabeth Patterson, Mayor of the City of Benicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Science Marches Have Grassroots Ethos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are hoping for an unprecedented turnout by scientists on Saturday. They’re also expecting people from all walks of life to participate in protest of the administration’s plans to roll back environmental protections and undercut climate change science. On the first Earth Day almost 50 years ago this spring, some twenty million people marched in events around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nina Haft, a\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dance professor at California State University East Bay who lives in Hayward says she plans to participate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/march-the-hayward-shoreline-tickets-32877017043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hayward Shoreline March \u003c/a>with some of her students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the current presidential administration being so hostile and antagonistic toward the EPA, I’m very concerned as a citizen of the planet that our environment will be so degraded that it won’t matter who gets elected after this,” says Hart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" size=\"medium\" ids=\"1568966,1568965,1568964,1568858,1568857,1568856,1568844,1568738\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are points past which there’s no returning,” says Haft about the urgency of combating global warming, “and we’re not far from those points when it comes to climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haft says she sees art as a way to reach and communicate with people about the environment and climate change, and she often incorporates science and the environment into her choreography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see art and science as being different worlds—they’re both really creative processes of posing questions and exploring the world with a really open mind,” says Haft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Vazquez is also excited about the march on Saturday and is helping organize the Modesto rally, just north of where he lives in Ceres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1569507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1569507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward's Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city's upcoming March for Science.\" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward’s Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city’s upcoming March for Science. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hayward's Sun Gallery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he expects about 300 people to show up for the Modesto march which starts at 10 a.m. at Modesto Junior College and ends at 12pm. Students and teachers from CSU Stanislaus are scheduled to speak before the rally moves southeast toward Graceada Park where there will be an Earth Day Festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I decided to organize it and get involved because I personally support the scientific community,” says Vazquez.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez studied agriculture in college at CSU Stanislaus and worked in the dairy and agricultural industry before getting into green technology. In a few weeks he’ll start work on the production line at Tesla’s Fremont factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“With all the cuts that are being proposed from NASA to the Department of Energy, I feel like \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I need to be a part of this and make a difference.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he’s confident that despite the Trump administration’s moves, California will stand firm on climate change and developing green energy alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come from a farming community and you can see that even the farming community is installing solar panels. This might be a glitch on the road but I don’t think California will turn back, I think California will lead the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists, teachers, students—even pre-school kids—have been creating signs, banners and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/03/pussyhat-inspires-protest-beanie-for-science-march/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest hats\u003c/a> in preparation for this weekend’s March for Science happening on Earth Day, Saturday April 22. (To find the march closest to you visit:\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/satellite-marches/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March for Science\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>KQED Live Coverage of Science March\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> RADIO:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>11:04 a.m. — News from San Francisco’s March\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>1 to 2 p.m. — KQED Hosts Scott Shafer and Craig Miller will check in with reporters and scientists around the state and in Washington D.C. on what’s happening and why scientists are marching. We’ll also talk with scientists around the country about what’s at stake for U.S. climate change policy.\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ONLINE:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11 a.m. to 4 p.m. — Come back here for live coverage with photos, interviews and tweets from the march. Follow us also on Facebook and Instagram with Facebook live interviews and Instagram stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Organizers say the purpose of the March for Science is to celebrate and stand up for scientific research and promote the use of evidence-based science in public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not often that scientists turn into activists, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jon Foley\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>executive director of the California Academy of Sciences\u003cem>, \u003c/em>says “this might be the darkest moment for scientists in America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science, and fact-based decision making, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/protesters-rally-in-boston-against-trumps-anti-science-rhetoric/2017/02/19/1c5aaf82-f6eb-11e6-be05-1a3817ac21a5_story.html?utm_term=.f288abdffaa5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">being attacked\u003c/a> in this country like never before, and that’s dangerous for all Americans,” says Foley. “It’s dangerous because it compromises our health, our safety, our security, and our economy—all for a few special interests. That’s not just anti-science, it’s unamerican.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the main march on Washington D.C.’s National Mall on April 22, there are more than 500 marches planned nationwide–41 of them local marches scheduled in California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/national-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kishore Hari\u003c/a>, who is coordinating logistics for marches globally, says he expects hundreds of thousands of people to turn up in cities and towns throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest California rallies are planned for San Francisco, San Diego, and Los Angeles. But Hari says he expects a good turnout for smaller local marches including those in Northern California planned for Modesto, Redding and Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”I’m personally more excited about the marches in smaller towns— something really special about those,” says Hari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley event in San Jose is expected one of the best attended in the Bay Area, partly because the march ends ends where \u003ca href=\"http://ctt.marketwire.com/?release=11G135457-001&id=11470048&type=0&url=http%3a%2f%2fsvcomiccon.com%2f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Silicon Valley Comic Con\u003c/a> is hosting a free outdoor festival, complete with costumed astronauts, mad scientists and aliens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three of the Biggest Bay Area Marches:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. \u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cstrong>San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. Rally at Justin Herman Plaza\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe rally starts at Justin Herman Plaza across from the Ferry Building where several speakers will talk before the march moves down Market Street and ends at Civic Center. Adam Savage, the host of Mythbusters and DJ Patil, the former U.S. Chief Data Scientist under Obama, are both scheduled to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://marchforsciencesv.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>11:00 a.m. March from San Jose City Hall\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe march begins at city hall and travels down 4th Street to San Fernando, then ends at Plaza de Cesar Chavez. There Big Bang Theory actress Mayim Bialik, who also has a neuroscience PhD, will speak alongside Kimberly Bryant, the founder of Black Girls Code and chemist William Moerner who is a Nobel Laureate. The rally will share space with the annual Silicon Valley Comic Con’s outdoor festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/1788453908141585/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sacramento\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>10:00 a.m. March from South Side Park\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor the first two hours there will be musical performances and a protest song sing-along at the park’s amphitheater before the march moves toward the Capitol at noon. At the Capitol there will be music and an interactive, all-ages science exploration zone at 9th and N Street. Speakers include Anthony Barnosky,Executive Director of Stanford’s Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve and Elizabeth Patterson, Mayor of the City of Benicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Local Science Marches Have Grassroots Ethos\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are hoping for an unprecedented turnout by scientists on Saturday. They’re also expecting people from all walks of life to participate in protest of the administration’s plans to roll back environmental protections and undercut climate change science. On the first Earth Day almost 50 years ago this spring, some twenty million people marched in events around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nina Haft, a\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dance professor at California State University East Bay who lives in Hayward says she plans to participate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/march-the-hayward-shoreline-tickets-32877017043\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hayward Shoreline March \u003c/a>with some of her students.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the current presidential administration being so hostile and antagonistic toward the EPA, I’m very concerned as a citizen of the planet that our environment will be so degraded that it won’t matter who gets elected after this,” says Hart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are points past which there’s no returning,” says Haft about the urgency of combating global warming, “and we’re not far from those points when it comes to climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haft says she sees art as a way to reach and communicate with people about the environment and climate change, and she often incorporates science and the environment into her choreography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t see art and science as being different worlds—they’re both really creative processes of posing questions and exploring the world with a really open mind,” says Haft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Vazquez is also excited about the march on Saturday and is helping organize the Modesto rally, just north of where he lives in Ceres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1569507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1569507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg\" alt=\"Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward's Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city's upcoming March for Science.\" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mary-son-2-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hayes Morehouse and his two-year-old son Sylvan Morehouse at Hayward’s Sun Gallery. The gallery hosted a poster-making session in anticipation of the city’s upcoming March for Science. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hayward's Sun Gallery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he expects about 300 people to show up for the Modesto march which starts at 10 a.m. at Modesto Junior College and ends at 12pm. Students and teachers from CSU Stanislaus are scheduled to speak before the rally moves southeast toward Graceada Park where there will be an Earth Day Festival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I decided to organize it and get involved because I personally support the scientific community,” says Vazquez.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez studied agriculture in college at CSU Stanislaus and worked in the dairy and agricultural industry before getting into green technology. In a few weeks he’ll start work on the production line at Tesla’s Fremont factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“With all the cuts that are being proposed from NASA to the Department of Energy, I feel like \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I need to be a part of this and make a difference.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vazquez says he’s confident that despite the Trump administration’s moves, California will stand firm on climate change and developing green energy alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I come from a farming community and you can see that even the farming community is installing solar panels. This might be a glitch on the road but I don’t think California will turn back, I think California will lead the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "PHOTOS: Your Pics of California's 'Super Bloom'",
"headTitle": "PHOTOS: Your Pics of California’s ‘Super Bloom’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been flocking to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush to witness California’s ‘Super Bloom.’ We asked our social media fans for your photos of the spectacle, and you delivered! Here’s a sampling of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/casuperbloom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#CASuperBloom.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also see the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/10/heres-what-californias-wildflower-super-bloom-looks-like-from-space/\">‘Super Bloom’ from space\u003c/a>, and find out \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/31/desert-creatures-thriving-on-wildflower-superbloom/\">what it means for desert creatures.\u003c/a> Park ranger Steve Bier says anyone who wants to see this spectacle of nature had better get there before those sphinx moth caterpillars \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/18/california-deserts-in-super-bloom-thanks-to-a-wet-winter/\">eat up all the flowers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget your camera, sunscreen and water. Please stay on the trail and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/overly-enthusiastic-visitors-trample-wildflowers/\">don’t trample the flowers\u003c/a> just to get the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555925\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain \u003ccite>(From @Nicole_Camarda, via Twitter )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555929\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Antelope Valley\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antelope Valley \u003ccite>(From @abhijith.c, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555930\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555930\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Neenach, CA\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neenach, CA \u003ccite>(From @annmariestuart, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555931\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1555931\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua Tree National Park\" width=\"750\" height=\"937\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-240x300.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-375x469.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joshua Tree National Park \u003ccite>(From @aov_photo, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555932\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555932\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Chabot Regional Park\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Chabot Regional Park \u003ccite>(From @bobthedog_marley, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555934\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555934\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Walker Canyon\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Walker Canyon \u003ccite>(From @briankphotography, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555937\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Trabuco Creek Santiago Truck Trail\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trabuco Creek Santiago Truck Trail \u003ccite>(From @john_dirm, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555938\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555938\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua Tree National Park\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joshua Tree National Park \u003ccite>(From @mamawooste, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555939\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-800x419.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-800x419.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-1020x534.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-960x502.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-240x126.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-375x196.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-520x272.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain \u003ccite>(From @onalilrampage, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555940\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1555940\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain \u003ccite>(From @tamararyanbrody, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1556278\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Shell Beach, Sonoma Coast\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1556278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shell Beach, Sonoma Coast \u003ccite>(From @spjika, via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555928\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555928\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Anza Borrego Park \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark-.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anza Borrego Park \u003ccite>(From @centralcoastfoodie, via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been flocking to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush to witness California's 'Super Bloom.' We asked our social media fans for your photos of the spectacle, and you delivered!",
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"description": "It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been flocking to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush to witness California's 'Super Bloom.' We asked our social media fans for your photos of the spectacle, and you delivered!",
"title": "PHOTOS: Your Pics of California's 'Super Bloom' | KQED",
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"headline": "PHOTOS: Your Pics of California's 'Super Bloom'",
"datePublished": "2017-04-14T10:00:17-07:00",
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"slug": "photos-your-pics-of-californias-super-bloom",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been flocking to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush to witness California’s ‘Super Bloom.’ We asked our social media fans for your photos of the spectacle, and you delivered! Here’s a sampling of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/casuperbloom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#CASuperBloom.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also see the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/10/heres-what-californias-wildflower-super-bloom-looks-like-from-space/\">‘Super Bloom’ from space\u003c/a>, and find out \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/31/desert-creatures-thriving-on-wildflower-superbloom/\">what it means for desert creatures.\u003c/a> Park ranger Steve Bier says anyone who wants to see this spectacle of nature had better get there before those sphinx moth caterpillars \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/18/california-deserts-in-super-bloom-thanks-to-a-wet-winter/\">eat up all the flowers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget your camera, sunscreen and water. Please stay on the trail and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/overly-enthusiastic-visitors-trample-wildflowers/\">don’t trample the flowers\u003c/a> just to get the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555925\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Nicole_Camarda-carrizo-plain.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain \u003ccite>(From @Nicole_Camarda, via Twitter )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555929\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555929\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Antelope Valley\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/abhijith.c-at-Antelope-Valley.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antelope Valley \u003ccite>(From @abhijith.c, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555930\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555930\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Neenach, CA\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/annmariestuart-at-Neenach-CA.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neenach, CA \u003ccite>(From @annmariestuart, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555931\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1555931\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua Tree National Park\" width=\"750\" height=\"937\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-240x300.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-375x469.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/aov_photo-at-Joshua-Tree-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joshua Tree National Park \u003ccite>(From @aov_photo, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555932\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555932\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Chabot Regional Park\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/bobthedog_marley-at-Anthony-Chabot-Regional-Park.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Chabot Regional Park \u003ccite>(From @bobthedog_marley, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555934\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555934\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Walker Canyon\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/briankphotography-at-Walker-Canyon.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Walker Canyon \u003ccite>(From @briankphotography, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555937\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Trabuco Creek Santiago Truck Trail\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/john_dirm-at-Trabuco-Creek-Santiago-Truck-Trail.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trabuco Creek Santiago Truck Trail \u003ccite>(From @john_dirm, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555938\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555938\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua Tree National Park\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree-150x150.jpg 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/mamawooste-at-Joshua-Tree.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joshua Tree National Park \u003ccite>(From @mamawooste, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555939\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-800x419.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain\" width=\"800\" height=\"419\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-800x419.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-768x402.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-1020x534.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-960x502.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-240x126.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-375x196.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain-520x272.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/onalilrampage-at-Carrizo-Plain.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain \u003ccite>(From @onalilrampage, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555940\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1555940\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/tamararyanbrody-at-Carrizo-Plain-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain \u003ccite>(From @tamararyanbrody, via Instagram)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1556278\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Shell Beach, Sonoma Coast\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1556278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/spjika-shell-beach-sonoma-coast.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shell Beach, Sonoma Coast \u003ccite>(From @spjika, via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555928\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555928\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Anza Borrego Park \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark--520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/centralcoastfoodie-AnzaBorregoPark-.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anza Borrego Park \u003ccite>(From @centralcoastfoodie, via Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week",
"headTitle": "Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On April 19, a 2,000-foot-wide asteroid named \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807\">2014 JO25 will pass\u003c/a> within 1.1 million miles of Earth. That’s about four and a half times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It’s a comfortable distance for a big space rock to fly by our planet—but like a black cat crossing our path, it may make many of us uneasy. Large objects have collided with the Earth in the past, and will again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of 2014 JO25 isn’t just a reminder that we should keep our eyes open when it comes to “Near Earth Objects.” It is an opportunity for observers—institutional and amateur alike—to study it up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will be pinging it with radar and scanning it with telescopes to learn as much as possible, and even enthusiasts with small telescopes will have an opportunity to spot a faint dot moving swiftly through the constellation Coma Berenices, high in the southern sky. The asteroid will become visible to small telescopes on April 19, and should remain so for a day or two afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The asteroid was discovered in May 2014 by researchers from the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, part of \u003ca href=\"https://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Observations Program\u003c/a>, which seeks to find and track big rocks that come close to Earth’s orbital path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/neowise/main/index.html\">NASA’s WISE spacecraft\u003c/a> have gleaned more details about the rock, such as its size and the fact that its surface is twice as reflective as the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asteroid 2014 JO25 is not only a Near-Earth Object, but is classified as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Dangerous.html\">potentially hazardous asteroid\u003c/a> because it can cross Earth’s orbit, making a collision possible. Because it’s over a third of a mile across, the rock spells disaster for any region it hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no need to panic. Though the April 19 flyby will bring asteroid 2014 JO25 closer to Earth than it’s been in 400 years, it won’t be this close again for 500 years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1550238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg\" alt=\"The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within 4 lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang'e 2 in 2012. \" width=\"324\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg 324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-240x228.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within four lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 2 in 2012. \u003ccite>(CNSA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But close encounters with space rocks happen more often than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth orbits the sun amidst a host of Near Earth Objects, many of which cross our orbit and are potential hazards. Since the beginning of this year, 13 asteroids are known to have passed inside of our moon’s orbit, less than 240,000 miles from Earth—though none of these have been larger than 100 feet across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next predicted passage of a large asteroid will be in 2027, when the half-mile-sized asteroid 1999 AN10 will make its closest flyby at 236,000 miles—roughly the distance from Earth to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens If an Asteroid Hits Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to speculate about what a major asteroid collision would do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380\">Asteroids and comets have struck the Earth\u003c/a>, in the distant past and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geert.io/the-frequency-of-large-meteoroids.html\">in recent times\u003c/a>. If you’ve visited the 50,000-year-old “Meteor Crater” near Winslow, Arizona, you’ve seen with your own eyes the impact scar a 160-foot asteroid can inflict: a crater three-quarters of a mile across and 600 feet deep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-800x533.jpg\" alt='\"Meteor Crater\" (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. ' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Meteor Crater” (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. \u003ccite>(Kevin Walsh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On average, an asteroid larger than 300 feet across strikes the Earth every 10,000 years. An impact of this size will devastate a local region, and can produce tsunamis that would wipe out coastal areas farther away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1908, a comet or asteroid estimated between 200 and 620 feet across \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/30jun_tunguska\">exploded in the atmosphere over Siberia\u003c/a>, near the Stony Tunguska River. The aerial explosion flattened 770 square miles of forest (an area the size of Alameda County) and produced shock waves that were detected by seismographs in England. It was fortunate that the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1920x1208.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-960x604.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-375x236.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \u003ccite>(Evgeny Leonidovich Krinov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, in 2013 a 60-foot object \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svzB0QYNIWI\">exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia\u003c/a>, producing a burst of light as bright as the sun and an atmospheric shock wave that leveled some buildings and broke windows over a wide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every several hundred thousand years a bigger object, half a mile across or larger, collides with the Earth, causing devastation of global proportions. Material is blasted into the atmosphere around the planet, choking off sunlight, producing acid rains, and even sparking firestorms by the intense heat of material reentering the atmosphere. Several ancient impact craters—also called “astroblemes”, or “star wounds”—attest to these past collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid implicated in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was six miles across. The “astrobleme” it left behind is a hundred miles wide, though barely discernible today under forest and sea-floor sediments spanning the northern Yucatan Peninsula coastline. Impacts of this size happen on average every hundred million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555916\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png\" alt=\"The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across--the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-240x206.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-375x322.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-520x447.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater.png 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across–the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time in the history of our planet, our ability to detect asteroids and predict future impact probabilities makes it possible for us to do something to prevent a disaster. Through efforts like NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations Program, scientists have identified and plotted the orbital trajectories of all NEOs of “planet-killer” size—and the good news is that none of these are projected to hit us into the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the smaller asteroids, which are far more numerous and much more difficult to detect, observers acquire more information every time one appears and whizzes by our planet—sometimes with only hours of warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re learning more about them all the time.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On April 19, an asteroid as big as six football fields, named 2014 JO25 will pass 'near' Earth.\r\n",
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"description": "On April 19, an asteroid as big as six football fields, named 2014 JO25 will pass 'near' Earth.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On April 19, a 2,000-foot-wide asteroid named \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807\">2014 JO25 will pass\u003c/a> within 1.1 million miles of Earth. That’s about four and a half times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It’s a comfortable distance for a big space rock to fly by our planet—but like a black cat crossing our path, it may make many of us uneasy. Large objects have collided with the Earth in the past, and will again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of 2014 JO25 isn’t just a reminder that we should keep our eyes open when it comes to “Near Earth Objects.” It is an opportunity for observers—institutional and amateur alike—to study it up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will be pinging it with radar and scanning it with telescopes to learn as much as possible, and even enthusiasts with small telescopes will have an opportunity to spot a faint dot moving swiftly through the constellation Coma Berenices, high in the southern sky. The asteroid will become visible to small telescopes on April 19, and should remain so for a day or two afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The asteroid was discovered in May 2014 by researchers from the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, part of \u003ca href=\"https://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Observations Program\u003c/a>, which seeks to find and track big rocks that come close to Earth’s orbital path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/neowise/main/index.html\">NASA’s WISE spacecraft\u003c/a> have gleaned more details about the rock, such as its size and the fact that its surface is twice as reflective as the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asteroid 2014 JO25 is not only a Near-Earth Object, but is classified as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Dangerous.html\">potentially hazardous asteroid\u003c/a> because it can cross Earth’s orbit, making a collision possible. Because it’s over a third of a mile across, the rock spells disaster for any region it hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no need to panic. Though the April 19 flyby will bring asteroid 2014 JO25 closer to Earth than it’s been in 400 years, it won’t be this close again for 500 years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1550238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg\" alt=\"The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within 4 lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang'e 2 in 2012. \" width=\"324\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg 324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-240x228.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within four lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 2 in 2012. \u003ccite>(CNSA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But close encounters with space rocks happen more often than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth orbits the sun amidst a host of Near Earth Objects, many of which cross our orbit and are potential hazards. Since the beginning of this year, 13 asteroids are known to have passed inside of our moon’s orbit, less than 240,000 miles from Earth—though none of these have been larger than 100 feet across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next predicted passage of a large asteroid will be in 2027, when the half-mile-sized asteroid 1999 AN10 will make its closest flyby at 236,000 miles—roughly the distance from Earth to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens If an Asteroid Hits Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to speculate about what a major asteroid collision would do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380\">Asteroids and comets have struck the Earth\u003c/a>, in the distant past and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geert.io/the-frequency-of-large-meteoroids.html\">in recent times\u003c/a>. If you’ve visited the 50,000-year-old “Meteor Crater” near Winslow, Arizona, you’ve seen with your own eyes the impact scar a 160-foot asteroid can inflict: a crater three-quarters of a mile across and 600 feet deep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-800x533.jpg\" alt='\"Meteor Crater\" (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. ' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Meteor Crater” (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. \u003ccite>(Kevin Walsh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On average, an asteroid larger than 300 feet across strikes the Earth every 10,000 years. An impact of this size will devastate a local region, and can produce tsunamis that would wipe out coastal areas farther away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1908, a comet or asteroid estimated between 200 and 620 feet across \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/30jun_tunguska\">exploded in the atmosphere over Siberia\u003c/a>, near the Stony Tunguska River. The aerial explosion flattened 770 square miles of forest (an area the size of Alameda County) and produced shock waves that were detected by seismographs in England. It was fortunate that the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1920x1208.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-960x604.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-375x236.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \u003ccite>(Evgeny Leonidovich Krinov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, in 2013 a 60-foot object \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svzB0QYNIWI\">exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia\u003c/a>, producing a burst of light as bright as the sun and an atmospheric shock wave that leveled some buildings and broke windows over a wide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every several hundred thousand years a bigger object, half a mile across or larger, collides with the Earth, causing devastation of global proportions. Material is blasted into the atmosphere around the planet, choking off sunlight, producing acid rains, and even sparking firestorms by the intense heat of material reentering the atmosphere. Several ancient impact craters—also called “astroblemes”, or “star wounds”—attest to these past collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid implicated in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was six miles across. The “astrobleme” it left behind is a hundred miles wide, though barely discernible today under forest and sea-floor sediments spanning the northern Yucatan Peninsula coastline. Impacts of this size happen on average every hundred million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555916\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png\" alt=\"The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across--the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-240x206.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-375x322.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-520x447.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater.png 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across–the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time in the history of our planet, our ability to detect asteroids and predict future impact probabilities makes it possible for us to do something to prevent a disaster. Through efforts like NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations Program, scientists have identified and plotted the orbital trajectories of all NEOs of “planet-killer” size—and the good news is that none of these are projected to hit us into the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the smaller asteroids, which are far more numerous and much more difficult to detect, observers acquire more information every time one appears and whizzes by our planet—sometimes with only hours of warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re learning more about them all the time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here's What California's Wildflower 'Super Bloom' Looks Like From Space",
"headTitle": "Here’s What California’s Wildflower ‘Super Bloom’ Looks Like From Space | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blmcalifornia/33688792841/in/album-72157628100900985/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flocking\u003c/a> to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush. The orange, purple and yellow blooms are already populating the warmer climes of southern California and the Central Valley thanks to above average winter rainfall following five years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1547687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1547687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \u003ccite>(Bob Wick/BLM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of wildflower species blossom in California between March and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom is just beginning in coastal areas of Northern California, but some areas, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lassen Volcanic National Park\u003c/a>, won’t see snowmelt until June or July, so there are plenty more opportunities to catch upcoming wildflowers this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a>, we were curious about the size of the early spring Southern California blooms and whether or not you could see them from space. The answer: absolutely. The view from on high is spectacular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high resolution satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>—a start-up founded by three ex-NASA engineers—we can see vast carpets of wildflowers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/bitter_creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> and just north of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/lpnf/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Padres National Forest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Near Los Padres National Forest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=06aa487c-1b45-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65d2d17a-1bf9-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=cea3a7be-1bfa-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites captured the images in late March, at the height of the bloom, and in most of those places, the wildflowers are now gone. Lush green and yellow is replaced by reddish browns as the flowers opened up for just a few weeks to become pollinated before dying off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can still see vibrant colors in the satellite images on this page. Move the white scroll bar in the middle of each photo from left to right to see a before and after comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re looking to see wildflowers in person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visit California\u003c/a>, created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of when different California regions will see peak blooms.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a fantastic year for wildflower lovers, who’ve been \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/blmcalifornia/33688792841/in/album-72157628100900985/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flocking\u003c/a> to fields of poppies, lupine and golden brush. The orange, purple and yellow blooms are already populating the warmer climes of southern California and the Central Valley thanks to above average winter rainfall following five years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1547687\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 310px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1547687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \" width=\"310\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Carrizo_plain_yellow_flowers_for_web.jpg 1989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 310px) 100vw, 310px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrizo Plain National Monument is bursting with flowers after one of the wettest winters in years. \u003ccite>(Bob Wick/BLM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of wildflower species blossom in California between March and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom is just beginning in coastal areas of Northern California, but some areas, like \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lassen Volcanic National Park\u003c/a>, won’t see snowmelt until June or July, so there are plenty more opportunities to catch upcoming wildflowers this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a>, we were curious about the size of the early spring Southern California blooms and whether or not you could see them from space. The answer: absolutely. The view from on high is spectacular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using high resolution satellite imagery from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>—a start-up founded by three ex-NASA engineers—we can see vast carpets of wildflowers in \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/Carrizo_Plain_NM.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/bitter_creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a> and just north of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/lpnf/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Padres National Forest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Near Los Padres National Forest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=06aa487c-1b45-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Carrizo Plain National Monument\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=65d2d17a-1bf9-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bitter Creek National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=cea3a7be-1bfa-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellites captured the images in late March, at the height of the bloom, and in most of those places, the wildflowers are now gone. Lush green and yellow is replaced by reddish browns as the flowers opened up for just a few weeks to become pollinated before dying off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can still see vibrant colors in the satellite images on this page. Move the white scroll bar in the middle of each photo from left to right to see a before and after comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’re looking to see wildflowers in person, \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Visit California\u003c/a>, created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.visitcalifornia.com/attraction/californias-spring-2017-wildflower-forecast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of when different California regions will see peak blooms.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis",
"headTitle": "How ‘Incompetent Rock’ Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/04/OrovilleGeologyWEBMiller170410.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/hoPb8GrhWSM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.",
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"description": "Amidst the Sierra's jumbled geology, a leading expert says Oroville's spillways were not built on the most solid rock.",
"title": "How 'Incompetent Rock' Led to the Oroville Dam Crisis | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UPDATE: California’s Dept. of Water Resources is promising to complete by this fall a “forensic” study of February’s near-catastrophic collapse of two spillways at Oroville Dam in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR is embarking on a fast-track plan to replace the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shattered spillways at Oroville Dam\u003c/a> — at least partially — by November 1, when the rainy season is expected to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers have largely completed geotechnical studies, hoping to better understand what led to the failures. And while DWR has declined to release those studies, citing national security concerns, an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">independent review\u003c/a> corroborates conclusions in this story that the underlying geology of the site was at least partly to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not anchor the spillway in fresh rock,” says \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldridge_M._Moores\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Eldridge Moores\u003c/a>, an eminent geologist and one of the world’s leading experts on the geology of the Sierra Nevada. (He’s the central figure in John McPhee’s 1993 book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/07/05/specials/mcphee-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembling California\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fresh” is the term geologists use for rock that is fully intact and has not yet begun to break down. It is typically smooth and highly resistant to erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the radio story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>But much of the rock those spillways relied upon is “weathered,” the more fractured rock that is decomposing from long exposure to the elements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fresh rock has been combined with the atmosphere,” explains Moores, and when that happens, you get this chemical change and you produce this softer sort of rock that’s falling apart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Incompetent Rock\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers call that “incompetent rock.” And that, says Moores, is what Oroville’s main concrete spillway was built on and what the emergency spillway was made of. In February, as intense storms filled the reservoir, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\">both began disintegrating\u003c/a> under the force of billions of gallons of water cascading over them.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/hoPb8GrhWSM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A few miles from Oroville, Moores demonstrates by taking a rock hammer to two rocks that sit side-by-side at a spot along the Yuba River — one fresh, one in an advanced stage of weathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hear that?” he asks, as his hammer bounces off the smooth, bluish-gray fresh sample with a distinctive “tink.” Then he thumps the reddish-brown weathered rock with a series of dull thuds, which sounds less like stone than rotting wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [fresh] rock is resistant to water pouring over it,” he notes. “This is not. It’s on its way to becoming dirt. if you dump your overflow into rocks like this, of course you’re going to erode them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1540250 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Desktop_R2_170405\" width=\"1449\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405.jpeg 1449w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Desktop_R2_170405-520x292.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1449px) 100vw, 1449px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1540251\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg\" alt=\"Geology_Mobile_R2_170405\" width=\"721\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405.jpeg 721w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-160x284.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-240x426.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-375x666.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Geology_Mobile_R2_170405-520x924.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 721px) 100vw, 721px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Murky Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1961 planning document for Oroville Dam says the site is “blessed with a geologic structure and foundation rock which are suitable for the foundation.” It also suggests excavating down 18 feet to clear away “soil and weathered rock” for the main body of the dam. So it’s clear that builders working for the state were aware of the “incompetent” rock that’s prevalent at the site, but it’s less clear that similar excavations were suggested, let alone required for the spillways, which sit off to the side of the main dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540132\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 474px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1540132\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features.\" width=\"474\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded.jpeg 474w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-160x132.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-240x198.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/SpillwayTest1_Graded-375x309.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 474px) 100vw, 474px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the 1960s, engineers built scale models of spillways to test them with various water flows and design features. \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though the dam was completed nearly 50 years ago, Moores says the rock at the site would have already been substantially decomposed, as the weathering process takes place over hundreds or thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not any different when they built the dam,” he says.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was sheer good fortune that dam operators never had to use the earthen emergency spillway until this year. But in February, with the main concrete spillway already crippled, they couldn’t empty the dam fast enough to keep pace with winter storms. The lake level rose quickly and rushed over the concrete lip, or “weir” of the emergency spillway. The earthen slope below the weir quickly disintegrated with water tumbling over it at 12,500 cubic feet per second, though design documents from the 1960s show that it could have to handle flows of 20-to-30 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find that astounding that they would rate it like that,” says Moores. “It seems to me that even a student of geology could have told them that they were going to have an erosion problem here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite several requests, DWR did not provide an interview for this story. In a statement, it said only that the dam and spillway “met the design and construction standards of its time half a century ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1540133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1540133 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg\" alt=\"Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown to the left as the "1750' ungated overflow spillway."\" width=\"1280\" height=\"858\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded.jpeg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-800x536.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-768x515.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1020x684.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-1180x791.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-960x644.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Spillwaydrawing1_Graded-520x349.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail from original drawings for Oroville Dam and spillways. The emergency spillway is shown in the upper left as the “1750′ ungated overflow spillway.” \u003ccite>(Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Knowing what he does about the geology of the Sierra, I asked Moores what it tells him about other dams around the state of similar design and siting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry,” he said. “That’s what it tells me about the rest of the dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late February, Gov. Jerry Brown ordered new, detailed inspections of state dams with spillways similar to Oroville’s. Those must be completed before the next flood season and must include “geologic assessments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, acting DWR engineering chief Jeanne Kuttel told reporters that the new main spillway, when completed in two years, will be able to carry nearly twice the volume of water that the original concrete chute was ever called upon to do. She added that the new emergency spillway will be bolstered with retaining walls and channels made of erosion-resistant roller-compacted concrete — just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to not to have to use the emergency spillway ever again,” said Kuttel. “However, we know that Mother Nature throws a lot at us, so we’re gonna be ready.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared an end to California’s historic drought Friday, lifting emergency orders that had forced residents to stop running sprinklers as often and encouraged them to rip out thirsty lawns during the state’s driest four-year period on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought strained native fish that migrate up rivers and forced farmers in the nation’s leading agricultural state to rely heavily on groundwater, with some tearing out orchards. It also dried up wells, forcing hundreds of families in rural areas to drink bottled water and bathe from buckets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown declared the drought emergency in 2014, and officials later ordered mandatory conservation for the first time in state history. Regulators last year relaxed the rules after a rainfall was close to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But monster storms this winter erased nearly all signs of drought, blanketing the Sierra Nevada with deep snow, California’s key water source, and boosting reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This drought emergency is over, but the next drought could be around the corner,” Brown said in a statement. “Conservation must remain a way of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”xRmLYGtmBkFqIfhAfuySEYmKIqw23iuh”]Executive Order B-40-17 lifts the drought emergency in all California counties except Fresno, Kings, Tulare and Tuolumne, where emergency drinking water projects will continue because of depleted groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation will become a way of life in the nation’s most populated state, said Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>, who led conservation planning. Officials already have started charting long-term rules to make California more resilient as climate change makes weather patterns more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a greater appreciation of just how precious water is,” she said. “We’ve got to plan for longer droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities and water districts throughout the state will be required to continue reporting their water use each month, said the governor order, which also bans wasteful practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New rules are expected to permanently ban wasteful practices, such as hosing off sidewalks and watering landscapes in the days after it rains. Officials say they will work aggressively to stop leaks that waste water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Atkins of the charity \u003ca href=\"http://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Help Enterprises\u003c/a> said the drought is not over for more than 900 families who have large water tanks in their yards because their wells dried up during the years long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of them are in Tulare County, a farming powerhouse in central California’s San Joaquin Valley. Atkins said she still receives calls from people whose wells are running dry and need a tank and bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way is it over,” she said of the drought. “We will run out of money before we run out of people that need help.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared an end to California’s historic drought Friday, lifting emergency orders that had forced residents to stop running sprinklers as often and encouraged them to rip out thirsty lawns during the state’s driest four-year period on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought strained native fish that migrate up rivers and forced farmers in the nation’s leading agricultural state to rely heavily on groundwater, with some tearing out orchards. It also dried up wells, forcing hundreds of families in rural areas to drink bottled water and bathe from buckets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown declared the drought emergency in 2014, and officials later ordered mandatory conservation for the first time in state history. Regulators last year relaxed the rules after a rainfall was close to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But monster storms this winter erased nearly all signs of drought, blanketing the Sierra Nevada with deep snow, California’s key water source, and boosting reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This drought emergency is over, but the next drought could be around the corner,” Brown said in a statement. “Conservation must remain a way of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Executive Order B-40-17 lifts the drought emergency in all California counties except Fresno, Kings, Tulare and Tuolumne, where emergency drinking water projects will continue because of depleted groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation will become a way of life in the nation’s most populated state, said Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>, who led conservation planning. Officials already have started charting long-term rules to make California more resilient as climate change makes weather patterns more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a greater appreciation of just how precious water is,” she said. “We’ve got to plan for longer droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities and water districts throughout the state will be required to continue reporting their water use each month, said the governor order, which also bans wasteful practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New rules are expected to permanently ban wasteful practices, such as hosing off sidewalks and watering landscapes in the days after it rains. Officials say they will work aggressively to stop leaks that waste water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Atkins of the charity \u003ca href=\"http://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Help Enterprises\u003c/a> said the drought is not over for more than 900 families who have large water tanks in their yards because their wells dried up during the years long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of them are in Tulare County, a farming powerhouse in central California’s San Joaquin Valley. Atkins said she still receives calls from people whose wells are running dry and need a tank and bottled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way is it over,” she said of the drought. “We will run out of money before we run out of people that need help.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Appeals Court Upholds California's Cap and Trade Plan",
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"content": "\u003cp>A state appeals court panel has upheld California’s fee for carbon pollution — a central piece of the state’s landmark efforts to fight climate change that requires companies to buy credits if they exceed pollution limits. The cap-and-trade law limits carbon emissions and auctions off permits that allow companies to release excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Court of Appeal sided Thursday with Gov. Jerry Brown’s administration and environmental groups in a 2-1 decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses and the California Chamber of Commerce had separately sued to invalidate the auction sales, arguing that a 2006 law underlying the cap-and-trade program never authorized California to conduct an auction for carbon credits. Even if the legislation allowed an auction, they argued, it amounts to a tax increase that would require approval of two-thirds of the Legislature under the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third District Associate Justice Elena Duarte said in the ruling that the cap-and-trade regulations don’t force anybody to buy carbon permits and give the buyers a valuable commodity — namely, the “privilege to pollute,” so they don’t constitute a tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Air Resources Board Chairwoman Mary Nichols said the ruling “provides additional certainty for California to continue with this keystone program that puts a price on carbon and supports all the other approaches California has underway to fight climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap-and-trade auctions are a key component of how California expects to meet its targets of reducing carbon emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uncertainty surrounding the case has been a major factor in upending the market for pollution permits, which consistently raised hundreds of millions of dollars a year until demand plummeted in 2016. Besides the case, demand for pollution permits has been affected by questions about whether the law authorized cap-and-trade beyond 2020. Governor Brown, who has urged leaders around the world to adopt carbon regulations, has called for the Legislature to muster a two-thirds vote to explicitly authorize carbon auctions after 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce and the businesses who sued both said they were evaluating their next steps. Lawyers for both sides in the suit have previously said they would appeal if they lost.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A state appeals court panel has upheld California’s fee for carbon pollution — a central piece of the state’s landmark efforts to fight climate change that requires companies to buy credits if they exceed pollution limits. The cap-and-trade law limits carbon emissions and auctions off permits that allow companies to release excess greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Court of Appeal sided Thursday with Gov. Jerry Brown’s administration and environmental groups in a 2-1 decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Businesses and the California Chamber of Commerce had separately sued to invalidate the auction sales, arguing that a 2006 law underlying the cap-and-trade program never authorized California to conduct an auction for carbon credits. Even if the legislation allowed an auction, they argued, it amounts to a tax increase that would require approval of two-thirds of the Legislature under the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Third District Associate Justice Elena Duarte said in the ruling that the cap-and-trade regulations don’t force anybody to buy carbon permits and give the buyers a valuable commodity — namely, the “privilege to pollute,” so they don’t constitute a tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Air Resources Board Chairwoman Mary Nichols said the ruling “provides additional certainty for California to continue with this keystone program that puts a price on carbon and supports all the other approaches California has underway to fight climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap-and-trade auctions are a key component of how California expects to meet its targets of reducing carbon emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uncertainty surrounding the case has been a major factor in upending the market for pollution permits, which consistently raised hundreds of millions of dollars a year until demand plummeted in 2016. Besides the case, demand for pollution permits has been affected by questions about whether the law authorized cap-and-trade beyond 2020. Governor Brown, who has urged leaders around the world to adopt carbon regulations, has called for the Legislature to muster a two-thirds vote to explicitly authorize carbon auctions after 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce and the businesses who sued both said they were evaluating their next steps. Lawyers for both sides in the suit have previously said they would appeal if they lost.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Pussy Hat Inspires Protest 'Resistor Hat' for Science March",
"headTitle": "Pussy Hat Inspires Protest ‘Resistor Hat’ for Science March | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Later this month, scientists will \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">march\u003c/a> in San Francisco and across the country to protest the Trump administration’s rejection of scientific facts and data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event may be marked by a unifying splash of color similar to the hot pink pussy hats worn at the Women’s March in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Bay Area researcher, and avid knitter, has designed a turquoise \u003cem>resistor\u003c/em> hat for scientists, and made \u003ca href=\"http://www.craftimism.com/p/march-for-science-project-thinking-cap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the pattern\u003c/a> free online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heidi Arjes, a microbiologist at Stanford University, never cared about politics until recently. “I’ve been very complicit to just come into lab, work really long hours and collect as much as data as I can, she says.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1518496\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1518496 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-800x465.jpg\" alt=\"Microbiologist Heidi Arjes in a lab at Stanford University wearing her turquoise resistor hat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-800x465.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-1020x593.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-1920x1117.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-1180x686.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-960x558.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-520x302.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microbiologist Heidi Arjes in a lab at Stanford University wearing her turquoise resistor hat. \u003ccite>(Andres Aranda Diaz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Arjes remembers when things changed. She was on the phone with her parents, who live in rural Iowa, about a week after the election. She complained to her mom about the state of the country and her grievances fell on deaf ears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She told me, ‘You can’t change the world Heidi.’ That riled me up,” says Arjes. “I answered, ‘Well I can’t if I don’t try, Mom.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arjes picked up her knitting needles and turned her longtime hobby into a political act. Her latest creation is the double entendre resistor hat. It’s a bright turquoise and white beanie with a simple circuit diagram depicting a battery and three resistors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">In an electrical circuit, a resistor applies, you guessed it, resistance. \u003c/span>On Arjes’ hat, the resistors are strategically lined up in a row because, set up this way, they would slow down the electrical current in a real circuit. Arjes hopes\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\"> pressure from prot\u003c/span>esters will slow down funding cuts to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leIZjIDM03c&t=45s\u003cbr>\n“People are painting science in a bad light and trying to ignore facts!” exclaims Arjes. “And, that’s just really painful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arjes has posted her patterns \u003ca href=\"http://www.craftimism.com/p/march-for-science-project-thinking-cap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> along with her other designs featuring a double helix, a space shuttle and wind turbines. She hopes marchers will come out in droves wearing knitted caps in a few weeks at the San Francisco march on April 22, Earth Day. Arjes will also be passing out fabric headband versions at the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco march is one of more than 400 satellite marches inspired by the main March for Science in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Later this month, scientists will \u003ca href=\"https://www.marchforscience.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">march\u003c/a> in San Francisco and across the country to protest the Trump administration’s rejection of scientific facts and data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event may be marked by a unifying splash of color similar to the hot pink pussy hats worn at the Women’s March in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Bay Area researcher, and avid knitter, has designed a turquoise \u003cem>resistor\u003c/em> hat for scientists, and made \u003ca href=\"http://www.craftimism.com/p/march-for-science-project-thinking-cap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the pattern\u003c/a> free online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heidi Arjes, a microbiologist at Stanford University, never cared about politics until recently. “I’ve been very complicit to just come into lab, work really long hours and collect as much as data as I can, she says.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1518496\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1518496 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-800x465.jpg\" alt=\"Microbiologist Heidi Arjes in a lab at Stanford University wearing her turquoise resistor hat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-800x465.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-768x447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-1020x593.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-1920x1117.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-1180x686.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-960x558.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-240x140.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-375x218.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/ResistorHat_watermark-3-e1490917360192-520x302.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Microbiologist Heidi Arjes in a lab at Stanford University wearing her turquoise resistor hat. \u003ccite>(Andres Aranda Diaz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Arjes remembers when things changed. She was on the phone with her parents, who live in rural Iowa, about a week after the election. She complained to her mom about the state of the country and her grievances fell on deaf ears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She told me, ‘You can’t change the world Heidi.’ That riled me up,” says Arjes. “I answered, ‘Well I can’t if I don’t try, Mom.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arjes picked up her knitting needles and turned her longtime hobby into a political act. Her latest creation is the double entendre resistor hat. It’s a bright turquoise and white beanie with a simple circuit diagram depicting a battery and three resistors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">In an electrical circuit, a resistor applies, you guessed it, resistance. \u003c/span>On Arjes’ hat, the resistors are strategically lined up in a row because, set up this way, they would slow down the electrical current in a real circuit. Arjes hopes\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\"> pressure from prot\u003c/span>esters will slow down funding cuts to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=leIZjIDM03c&t=45s\u003cbr>\n“People are painting science in a bad light and trying to ignore facts!” exclaims Arjes. “And, that’s just really painful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arjes has posted her patterns \u003ca href=\"http://www.craftimism.com/p/march-for-science-project-thinking-cap.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> along with her other designs featuring a double helix, a space shuttle and wind turbines. She hopes marchers will come out in droves wearing knitted caps in a few weeks at the San Francisco march on April 22, Earth Day. Arjes will also be passing out fabric headband versions at the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco march is one of more than 400 satellite marches inspired by the main March for Science in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is forging ahead with strict climate change goals, despite the Trump Administration’s efforts to ease regulations on many fronts. One area of possible conflict is on auto emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Resources Board\u003c/a> recently voted to reaffirm California’s emissions standards for vehicles sold between 2022 and 2025. Right now, federal and state standards are the same, but President Trump last month ordered a review of the federal standards, telling automakers in Detroit he wants to loosen regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://greencarinstitute.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ron Cogan\u003c/a>, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://greencarinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green Car Institute\u003c/a> in San Luis Obispo, for his perspective on the issue. Here’s an edited transcript of that conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: These standards would mean an average of about 54 miles per gallon across all vehicle types. What does that mean the auto industry needs to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We have always said that even though we understand the automakers and they have to make a profit, I still feel you have to keep automakers’ feet to the fire.’\u003ccite>Ron Cogan President, Green Car Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cogan: Automakers have to do a lot. That’s a very, very high number for fuel efficiency. It’s not that it can’t be achieved, it’s just going to cost a lot of money to get there and a lot of R&D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: You say it’s a lot. But the auto industry has had five years to prepare for these standards. They still don’t go into effect for another five years. So what is so hard about doing this for the industry?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cogan: Cars, for the longest time, were getting 15 miles a gallon, 20 miles a gallon. Then we started seeing cars over 30 miles a gallon. You have hybrids that can get 50 miles a gallon. But most cars cannot. To get to that point, it takes a lot of advanced technology; a lot of advanced materials. So when you say they have five years to do it, well that may be, but in five years, to do that is going to absolutely require a lot of electrification, plug in hybrids and battery electric cars and so on. But the cost is significant and that’s the core issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1520765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1520765 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Ron-Cogan-Capitol-Hill-1020x1400.jpg\" alt=\"Ron Cogan \" width=\"327\" height=\"446\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Cogan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You have to convince buyers to spend $800 to $1200 more for a vehicle purchase with the thought they are going to save money in the long run. And that’s not an easy path. So it’s easy to point that out. It is not so easy to change consumer behaviors and encourage them to buy those fuel efficient cars at a much greater cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Last week at the state air board hearing, Steve Douglas with the \u003ca href=\"https://autoalliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers\u003c/a> testified. He’s the group’s senior director of energy and environment. He said consumers aren’t buying enough electric cars for them to meet the standards [and sales would have to triple to meet the regulations]. So you mention that it’s tough to convince a consumer to spend $800 to $1,200 per car. But why aren’t consumers more interested in electric cars, period?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cogan: A battery electric car is quite expensive to make. Batteries are very expensive. It’s the same issue electric cars had in the 90s. They’ve come a long way since then. And now we have plug-in hybrids that give you some battery range. We have battery electric cars that can give you 80 or 110 miles. The Chevy Bolt EV can give you 238 miles. Those are all good moves. But cars—electric cars—are more expensive than conventional cars. And many of them have limited driving ranges. So when it’s said that not that many are stepping up compared to conventional vehicles, absolutely true. Because at this point, electric vehicles don’t fit the needs of everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone needs a car for commuting, and they have an electric car that gives them an 80 mile range, they may not feel comfortable with their daily commute in that car. Some may, if they’re only commuting 20 miles—it’s perfect for them. But for so many others, they don’t want to have a car so limited, which is again why plug-in hybrids are so important. You drive maybe 15, 30 miles on electric power and then you’re driving a hybrid after that with no limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Is it possible that vehicles could become cleaner without these regulations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cogan: We have always said that even though we understand the automakers and they have to make a profit, I still feel you have to keep automakers’ feet to the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of that, research and development will slow in that area. Automakers will, as a matter of course, look for vehicles that deliver a profit. But they also have to be competitive, which means fuel efficiency is important to a lot of buyers. They will have to continue to make better and better vehicles, that get higher and higher fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without requirements, though, the pace will slow. So, we will eventually get there, but the federal regulations and the state regulations are driving this on a faster timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ron Cogan is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://greencarinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green Car Institute\u003c/a>, which educates consumers, the media and the industry on the benefits of environmentally conscious vehicles and technologies.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is forging ahead with strict climate change goals, despite the Trump Administration’s efforts to ease regulations on many fronts. One area of possible conflict is on auto emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Resources Board\u003c/a> recently voted to reaffirm California’s emissions standards for vehicles sold between 2022 and 2025. Right now, federal and state standards are the same, but President Trump last month ordered a review of the federal standards, telling automakers in Detroit he wants to loosen regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://greencarinstitute.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ron Cogan\u003c/a>, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://greencarinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green Car Institute\u003c/a> in San Luis Obispo, for his perspective on the issue. Here’s an edited transcript of that conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: These standards would mean an average of about 54 miles per gallon across all vehicle types. What does that mean the auto industry needs to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We have always said that even though we understand the automakers and they have to make a profit, I still feel you have to keep automakers’ feet to the fire.’\u003ccite>Ron Cogan President, Green Car Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cogan: Automakers have to do a lot. That’s a very, very high number for fuel efficiency. It’s not that it can’t be achieved, it’s just going to cost a lot of money to get there and a lot of R&D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: You say it’s a lot. But the auto industry has had five years to prepare for these standards. They still don’t go into effect for another five years. So what is so hard about doing this for the industry?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cogan: Cars, for the longest time, were getting 15 miles a gallon, 20 miles a gallon. Then we started seeing cars over 30 miles a gallon. You have hybrids that can get 50 miles a gallon. But most cars cannot. To get to that point, it takes a lot of advanced technology; a lot of advanced materials. So when you say they have five years to do it, well that may be, but in five years, to do that is going to absolutely require a lot of electrification, plug in hybrids and battery electric cars and so on. But the cost is significant and that’s the core issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1520765\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 327px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1520765 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Ron-Cogan-Capitol-Hill-1020x1400.jpg\" alt=\"Ron Cogan \" width=\"327\" height=\"446\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ron Cogan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You have to convince buyers to spend $800 to $1200 more for a vehicle purchase with the thought they are going to save money in the long run. And that’s not an easy path. So it’s easy to point that out. It is not so easy to change consumer behaviors and encourage them to buy those fuel efficient cars at a much greater cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Last week at the state air board hearing, Steve Douglas with the \u003ca href=\"https://autoalliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers\u003c/a> testified. He’s the group’s senior director of energy and environment. He said consumers aren’t buying enough electric cars for them to meet the standards [and sales would have to triple to meet the regulations]. So you mention that it’s tough to convince a consumer to spend $800 to $1,200 per car. But why aren’t consumers more interested in electric cars, period?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cogan: A battery electric car is quite expensive to make. Batteries are very expensive. It’s the same issue electric cars had in the 90s. They’ve come a long way since then. And now we have plug-in hybrids that give you some battery range. We have battery electric cars that can give you 80 or 110 miles. The Chevy Bolt EV can give you 238 miles. Those are all good moves. But cars—electric cars—are more expensive than conventional cars. And many of them have limited driving ranges. So when it’s said that not that many are stepping up compared to conventional vehicles, absolutely true. Because at this point, electric vehicles don’t fit the needs of everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone needs a car for commuting, and they have an electric car that gives them an 80 mile range, they may not feel comfortable with their daily commute in that car. Some may, if they’re only commuting 20 miles—it’s perfect for them. But for so many others, they don’t want to have a car so limited, which is again why plug-in hybrids are so important. You drive maybe 15, 30 miles on electric power and then you’re driving a hybrid after that with no limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Is it possible that vehicles could become cleaner without these regulations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cogan: We have always said that even though we understand the automakers and they have to make a profit, I still feel you have to keep automakers’ feet to the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of that, research and development will slow in that area. Automakers will, as a matter of course, look for vehicles that deliver a profit. But they also have to be competitive, which means fuel efficiency is important to a lot of buyers. They will have to continue to make better and better vehicles, that get higher and higher fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without requirements, though, the pace will slow. So, we will eventually get there, but the federal regulations and the state regulations are driving this on a faster timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ron Cogan is president of the \u003ca href=\"http://greencarinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Green Car Institute\u003c/a>, which educates consumers, the media and the industry on the benefits of environmentally conscious vehicles and technologies.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope still has a few tests to get through before it is certified space-worthy—just like an astronaut being examined by the doctor who will give them a thumbs-up to launch—but the cosmic revelations it may ultimately bring should be well worth the wait.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Hubble Successor, The Largest Space Telescope, Is Closer to Launch | KQED",
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"headline": "Hubble Successor, The Largest Space Telescope, Is Closer to Launch",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It might be appropriate that California water managers designate April 1 as the date when the Sierra snowpack is presumed to be at its peak for the season. It tends to be unpredictable. But this year’s bounty is no April Fool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water content of the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> currently stands at 164 percent of normal for this date (the official April 1 snow survey being held on March 30 this year, fudging for the weekend). Two years ago, it stood at 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference is starkly illustrated in satellite imagery that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a> has compiled from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>, comparing three well-known parts of the Sierra this year, side-by-side with the same spots in 2015. (Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1515789\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1515789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg\" alt=\"SnowpackLocator02\" width=\"346\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-160x171.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-240x257.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-375x402.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-520x557.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These three locations are shown in the satellite images below. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/02/astounding-snowpack-bodes-well-for-summer-water-supply/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blitz of winter storms\u003c/a> from late December into February, it looked like this year’s snowpack might be headed for a record. NASA snow hydrologist Tom Painter says it was like taking the entire average annual flow of the Colorado River and dumping it on the Sierra in about six weeks’ time. But the parade of Pacific storms has slowed to a trickle in March and California’s precipitation season winds down in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another reason why this year’s snow is unlikely to surpass the record year of 1983: temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the difference this year is that the storms are coming in warm,” says hydrologist Roger Bales, “So areas that maybe in 1983 got snow accumulation, are now getting rainfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://snri.ucmerced.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada Research Institute\u003c/a> at UC Merced, sees this as part of a long-term trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=006692d2-1572-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n“It’s really that warmer-temperature regime that we’re moving into,” he says. “Our best outlooks using climate models suggest [that] as we continue to put more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we’re going to see, on average, warmer winter temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales says the evidence is already on the ground, the “snow line” (elevation where it becomes cold enough for rain to turn to snow) having moved uphill “a few hundred feet” in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f48c26b6-14e0-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting more of those warm storms where the snow line is up 8,000 or 9,000 feet in the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, that 1983 snowpack was at 230 percent—more than double—the “normal” amount around April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=79c97436-14dd-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By almost any measure, however, this has been a banner year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two years ago\u003c/a> that Governor Jerry Brown stood on a barren slope near Echo Summit, using the stark backdrop to announce the first-ever statewide mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he decides to make a return visit today, he’d better bring snowshoes. He’d be standing on closer to 10 feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Satellite views reveal a banner year for snow in the Sierra Nevada. The snowpack, which provides one-third of California's water supply, is 164 percent of normal, up from just 5 percent two years ago.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It might be appropriate that California water managers designate April 1 as the date when the Sierra snowpack is presumed to be at its peak for the season. It tends to be unpredictable. But this year’s bounty is no April Fool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water content of the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> currently stands at 164 percent of normal for this date (the official April 1 snow survey being held on March 30 this year, fudging for the weekend). Two years ago, it stood at 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference is starkly illustrated in satellite imagery that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a> has compiled from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>, comparing three well-known parts of the Sierra this year, side-by-side with the same spots in 2015. (Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1515789\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1515789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg\" alt=\"SnowpackLocator02\" width=\"346\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-160x171.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-240x257.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-375x402.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-520x557.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These three locations are shown in the satellite images below. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/02/astounding-snowpack-bodes-well-for-summer-water-supply/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blitz of winter storms\u003c/a> from late December into February, it looked like this year’s snowpack might be headed for a record. NASA snow hydrologist Tom Painter says it was like taking the entire average annual flow of the Colorado River and dumping it on the Sierra in about six weeks’ time. But the parade of Pacific storms has slowed to a trickle in March and California’s precipitation season winds down in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another reason why this year’s snow is unlikely to surpass the record year of 1983: temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the difference this year is that the storms are coming in warm,” says hydrologist Roger Bales, “So areas that maybe in 1983 got snow accumulation, are now getting rainfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://snri.ucmerced.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada Research Institute\u003c/a> at UC Merced, sees this as part of a long-term trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=006692d2-1572-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n“It’s really that warmer-temperature regime that we’re moving into,” he says. “Our best outlooks using climate models suggest [that] as we continue to put more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we’re going to see, on average, warmer winter temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales says the evidence is already on the ground, the “snow line” (elevation where it becomes cold enough for rain to turn to snow) having moved uphill “a few hundred feet” in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f48c26b6-14e0-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting more of those warm storms where the snow line is up 8,000 or 9,000 feet in the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, that 1983 snowpack was at 230 percent—more than double—the “normal” amount around April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=79c97436-14dd-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By almost any measure, however, this has been a banner year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two years ago\u003c/a> that Governor Jerry Brown stood on a barren slope near Echo Summit, using the stark backdrop to announce the first-ever statewide mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he decides to make a return visit today, he’d better bring snowshoes. He’d be standing on closer to 10 feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "President Trump Orders Rollback of Climate Change Policies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Declaring “the start of a new era” in energy production, President Donald Trump signed an executive order Tuesday that he said would revive the coal industry and create jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes good on his campaign pledge to unravel former President Barack Obama’s plan to curb global warming. The order seeks to suspend, rescind or flag for review more than a half-dozen measures in an effort to boost domestic energy production in the form of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown, California,\u003cbr>\nGov. Andrew Cuomo, New York\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Govs. Jerry Brown of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York issued a joint statement Tuesday saying they’re still committed to their own emissions targets. The two states have set aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Their targets are stricter than the Obama power plant rule Trump seeks to eliminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial,” the two governors said in the statement. “Dismantling the Clean Power Plan and other critical climate programs is profoundly misguided and shockingly ignores basic science. With this move, the Administration will endanger public health, our environment and our economic prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly criticized the power plant rule and others as an attack on American workers and the struggling coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists, including former Vice President Al Gore, denounced the plan. But Trump said the effort would allow workers to “succeed on a level playing field for the first time in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what this is all about: bringing back our jobs, bringing back our dreams and making America wealthy again,” Trump said, during a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters, attended by a number of coal miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3r1z4IlFYFzVnboUqLggbsORLXX6KaCE”]The order initiates a review of the Clean Power Plan, which restricts greenhouse gas emissions at coal-fired power plants. The regulation, which was the former president’s signature effort to curb carbon emissions, has been the subject of long-running legal challenges by Republican-led states and those who profit from burning oil, coal and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Obama’s climate efforts were often stymied by legal challenges, environmental groups are promising to fight Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called global warming a “hoax” invented by the Chinese, and has repeatedly criticized the power-plant rule as an attack on American workers and the struggling U.S. coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to pulling back from the Clean Power Plan, the administration will also lift a 14-month-old moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration had imposed a three-year moratorium on new federal coal leases in January 2016, arguing that the $1 billion-a-year program must be modernized to ensure a fair financial return to taxpayers and address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump accused his predecessor of waging a “war on coal” and boasted in a speech to Congress that he has made “a historic effort to massively reduce job-crushing regulations,” including some that threaten “the future and livelihoods of our great coal miners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order will also chip away at other regulations, including scrapping language on the “social cost” of greenhouse gases. It will initiate a review of efforts to reduce the emission of methane in oil and natural gas production as well as a Bureau of Land Management hydraulic fracturing rule, to determine whether those reflect the president’s policy priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy.’\u003ccite>Thomas J. Donohue,\u003cbr>U.S. Chamber of Commerce\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> It will also rescind Obama-era executive orders and memoranda, including one that addressed climate change and national security and one that sought to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is still in discussion about whether it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order could make it more difficult, though not impossible, for the U.S. to achieve its carbon reduction goals. The president’s promises to boost coal jobs run counter to market forces, such as U.S. utilities converting coal-fired power plants to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency chief, Scott Pruitt, alarmed environmental groups and scientists earlier this month when he said he does not believe carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to global warming. The statement is at odds with mainstream scientific consensus and Pruitt’s own agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed studies and climate scientists agree the planet is warming, mostly due to man-made sources, including carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and nitrogen oxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say Obama’s effort would have killed coal-mining jobs and driven up electricity costs. The Obama administration, some Democratic-led states and environmental groups counter that it would spur thousands of clean-energy jobs and help the U.S. meet ambitious goals to reduce carbon pollution set by the international agreement signed in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order on coal-fired power plants follows an executive order he signed last month mandating a review of an Obama-era rule aimed at protecting small streams and wetlands from development and pollution. The order instructs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review a rule that redefined “waters of the United States” protected under the Clean Water Act to include smaller creeks and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans have blamed Obama-era environmental regulations for the loss of coal jobs, federal data shows that U.S. mines have been shedding jobs for decades under presidents from both parties as a result of increasing automation and competition from natural gas, which has become more abundant through hydraulic fracturing. Another factor is the plummeting cost of solar panels and wind turbines, which now can produce emissions-free electricity cheaper than burning coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an Energy Department analysis released in January, coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs. By contrast, renewable energy — including wind, solar and biofuels — now accounts for more than 650,000 U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s plans drew praise from business groups and condemnation from environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chamber of Commerce President Thomas J. Donohue praised the president for taking “bold steps to make regulatory relief and energy security a top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Al Gore blasted the order as “a misguided step away from a sustainable, carbon-free future for ourselves and generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is essential, not only to our planet, but also to our economic future, that the United States continues to serve as a global leader in solving the climate crisis by transitioning to clean energy, a transition that will continue to gain speed due to the increasing competiveness of solar and wind,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Michael Biesecker contributed to this report. Follow Daly and Colvin on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC and https://twitter.com/colvinj\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Declaring “the start of a new era” in energy production, President Donald Trump signed an executive order Tuesday that he said would revive the coal industry and create jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes good on his campaign pledge to unravel former President Barack Obama’s plan to curb global warming. The order seeks to suspend, rescind or flag for review more than a half-dozen measures in an effort to boost domestic energy production in the form of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown, California,\u003cbr>\nGov. Andrew Cuomo, New York\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Govs. Jerry Brown of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York issued a joint statement Tuesday saying they’re still committed to their own emissions targets. The two states have set aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Their targets are stricter than the Obama power plant rule Trump seeks to eliminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial,” the two governors said in the statement. “Dismantling the Clean Power Plan and other critical climate programs is profoundly misguided and shockingly ignores basic science. With this move, the Administration will endanger public health, our environment and our economic prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly criticized the power plant rule and others as an attack on American workers and the struggling coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists, including former Vice President Al Gore, denounced the plan. But Trump said the effort would allow workers to “succeed on a level playing field for the first time in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what this is all about: bringing back our jobs, bringing back our dreams and making America wealthy again,” Trump said, during a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters, attended by a number of coal miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The order initiates a review of the Clean Power Plan, which restricts greenhouse gas emissions at coal-fired power plants. The regulation, which was the former president’s signature effort to curb carbon emissions, has been the subject of long-running legal challenges by Republican-led states and those who profit from burning oil, coal and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Obama’s climate efforts were often stymied by legal challenges, environmental groups are promising to fight Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called global warming a “hoax” invented by the Chinese, and has repeatedly criticized the power-plant rule as an attack on American workers and the struggling U.S. coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to pulling back from the Clean Power Plan, the administration will also lift a 14-month-old moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration had imposed a three-year moratorium on new federal coal leases in January 2016, arguing that the $1 billion-a-year program must be modernized to ensure a fair financial return to taxpayers and address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump accused his predecessor of waging a “war on coal” and boasted in a speech to Congress that he has made “a historic effort to massively reduce job-crushing regulations,” including some that threaten “the future and livelihoods of our great coal miners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order will also chip away at other regulations, including scrapping language on the “social cost” of greenhouse gases. It will initiate a review of efforts to reduce the emission of methane in oil and natural gas production as well as a Bureau of Land Management hydraulic fracturing rule, to determine whether those reflect the president’s policy priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy.’\u003ccite>Thomas J. Donohue,\u003cbr>U.S. Chamber of Commerce\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> It will also rescind Obama-era executive orders and memoranda, including one that addressed climate change and national security and one that sought to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is still in discussion about whether it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order could make it more difficult, though not impossible, for the U.S. to achieve its carbon reduction goals. The president’s promises to boost coal jobs run counter to market forces, such as U.S. utilities converting coal-fired power plants to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency chief, Scott Pruitt, alarmed environmental groups and scientists earlier this month when he said he does not believe carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to global warming. The statement is at odds with mainstream scientific consensus and Pruitt’s own agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed studies and climate scientists agree the planet is warming, mostly due to man-made sources, including carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and nitrogen oxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say Obama’s effort would have killed coal-mining jobs and driven up electricity costs. The Obama administration, some Democratic-led states and environmental groups counter that it would spur thousands of clean-energy jobs and help the U.S. meet ambitious goals to reduce carbon pollution set by the international agreement signed in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order on coal-fired power plants follows an executive order he signed last month mandating a review of an Obama-era rule aimed at protecting small streams and wetlands from development and pollution. The order instructs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review a rule that redefined “waters of the United States” protected under the Clean Water Act to include smaller creeks and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans have blamed Obama-era environmental regulations for the loss of coal jobs, federal data shows that U.S. mines have been shedding jobs for decades under presidents from both parties as a result of increasing automation and competition from natural gas, which has become more abundant through hydraulic fracturing. Another factor is the plummeting cost of solar panels and wind turbines, which now can produce emissions-free electricity cheaper than burning coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an Energy Department analysis released in January, coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs. By contrast, renewable energy — including wind, solar and biofuels — now accounts for more than 650,000 U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s plans drew praise from business groups and condemnation from environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chamber of Commerce President Thomas J. Donohue praised the president for taking “bold steps to make regulatory relief and energy security a top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Al Gore blasted the order as “a misguided step away from a sustainable, carbon-free future for ourselves and generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is essential, not only to our planet, but also to our economic future, that the United States continues to serve as a global leader in solving the climate crisis by transitioning to clean energy, a transition that will continue to gain speed due to the increasing competiveness of solar and wind,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Michael Biesecker contributed to this report. Follow Daly and Colvin on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC and https://twitter.com/colvinj\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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