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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914261\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1914261 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"When this photo was taken in 2009, self-driving cars seemed a distant promise. Now they're becoming a new challenge for highway engineers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/RS13989_87856673.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California leaders vow a fight to preserve the state’s strict tailpipe emissions limits. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003ca href=\"http://createsend.com/t/d-4AC988BD1868DDC72540EF23F30FEDED\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> announced \u003c/a>on Monday that it has rejected an Obama-era plan to cut tailpipe emissions for cars and light trucks. The statement also signaled an oncoming legal battle over California’s own stricter emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is in America’s best interest to have a national standard,” said EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. “Cooperative federalism doesn’t mean that one state can dictate standards for the rest of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, California officials immediately fired off condemnations of the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Watch out for this belated April Fools’ Day trick,” said Governor Jerry Brown in a statement. “This cynical and meretricious abuse of power will poison our air and jeopardize the health of all Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols noted that the decision changes nothing in California and the 12 other states with strong emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision takes the U.S. auto industry backward,” she said in a statement, “and we will vigorously defend the existing clean vehicle standards and fight to preserve one national clean vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said it completed a review that will affect vehicles for model years 2022-2025 but it did not specify details on new standards, which it said would be forthcoming. Current regulations from the EPA require the fleet of new vehicles to get 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving by 2025. That’s about 10 mpg over the existing standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to dismantle environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruit said that the Obama administration cut the rule-making process short for political expediency and “made assumptions about the standards that didn’t comport with reality, and set the standards too high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Obama Administration’s determination was wrong,” said Pruitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automakers \u003ca href=\"https://autoalliance.org/2018/04/02/auto-alliance-statement-response-epas-announcement-midterm-review-fuel-economy-ghg-program/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">applauded\u003c/a> the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the right decision, and we support the Administration for pursuing a data-driven effort and a single national program as it works to finalize future standards,” said Gloria Bergquist, vice president, communications and public affairs for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision takes the U.S. auto industry backward,” she said in a statement, “and we will vigorously defend the existing clean vehicle standards and fight to preserve one national clean vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA said it completed a review that will affect vehicles for model years 2022-2025 but it did not specify details on new standards, which it said would be forthcoming. Current regulations from the EPA require the fleet of new vehicles to get 36 miles per gallon in real-world driving by 2025. That’s about 10 mpg over the existing standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of a broader effort by the Trump administration to dismantle environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruit said that the Obama administration cut the rule-making process short for political expediency and “made assumptions about the standards that didn’t comport with reality, and set the standards too high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Obama Administration’s determination was wrong,” said Pruitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automakers \u003ca href=\"https://autoalliance.org/2018/04/02/auto-alliance-statement-response-epas-announcement-midterm-review-fuel-economy-ghg-program/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">applauded\u003c/a> the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the right decision, and we support the Administration for pursuing a data-driven effort and a single national program as it works to finalize future standards,” said Gloria Bergquist, vice president, communications and public affairs for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Science Says: What We Know About Cancer Risk and Coffee",
"headTitle": "Science Says: What We Know About Cancer Risk and Coffee | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Trouble is brewing for coffee lovers in California, where \u003ca href=\".kqed.org/science/1921850/california-judge-coffee-needs-cancer-warnings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a judge ruled that sellers\u003c/a> must post scary warnings about cancer risks. But how frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Not very, some scientists and available evidence seem to suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific concerns about coffee have eased in recent years, and many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-finds-coffee-drinkers-have-lower-risk-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a> even suggest it can help health.[contextly_sidebar id=”fhwkLqW2VJvTZj61NKZfRVvIksjj1YTf”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the minimum, coffee is neutral. If anything, there is fairly good evidence of the benefit of coffee on cancer,” said Dr. Edward Giovannucci, a nutrition expert at the Harvard School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization’s cancer agency moved coffee off the “possible carcinogen” \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> two years ago, though it says evidence is insufficient to rule out any possible role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flap isn’t about coffee itself, but a chemical called \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/assets/docs_a_e/acrylamide_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> (ah-KRILL-ah-mide) that’s made when the beans are roasted. Government agencies call it a probable or likely carcinogen, based on animal research, and a group sued to require coffee sellers to warn of that under a California \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/about-proposition-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> passed by voters in 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem: No one knows what levels are safe or risky for people. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets acrylamide limits for drinking water, but there aren’t any for food.[contextly_sidebar id=”QCYdnQUjIDkg7KaYYCechX3b77fUWTNy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cup of coffee a day, exposure probably is not that high,” and probably should not change your habit, said Dr. Bruce Y. Lee of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “If you drink a lot of cups a day, this is one of the reasons you might consider cutting that down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what’s known about the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Chemical\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nStart with the biggest known risk factor for cancer — smoking — which generates \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/acrylamide-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> . In the diet, French fries, potato chips, crackers, cookies, cereal and other high-carbohydrate foods contain it as a byproduct of roasting, baking, toasting or frying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/ChemicalContaminants/ucm053549.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tests\u003c/a> of acrylamide levels found they ranged from 175 to 351 parts per billion (a measure of concentration for a contaminant) for six brands of coffee tested; the highest was for one type of decaf coffee crystals. By comparison, French fries at one fast food chain ranged from 117 to 313 parts per billion, depending on the location tested. Some commercial fries had more than 1,000.[contextly_sidebar id=”dC2gyMVpcgQvvg28hRoQyCZeHVOF9OGX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some baby foods contain acrylamide, such as teething biscuits and crackers. One brand of organic sweet potatoes tested as having 121 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the Risk?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The “probable” or “likely” carcinogen label is based on studies of animals given high levels of acrylamide in drinking water. But people and rodents absorb the chemical at different rates and metabolize it differently, so its relevance to human health is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 23 scientists convened by the WHO’s cancer agency in 2016 looked at coffee — not acrylamide directly — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/2016/DebunkMyth.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decided\u003c/a> coffee was unlikely to cause breast, prostate or pancreatic cancer, and that it seemed to lower the risks for liver and uterine cancers. Evidence was inadequate to determine its effect on dozens of other cancer types.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The California Law\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince 1986, businesses have been required to post warnings about chemicals known to cause cancer or other health risks — more than 900 substances are on the state’s list today — but what’s a “significant” risk is arguable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffee sellers and other defendants in the lawsuit that spurred Thursday’s ruling have a couple weeks to challenge it or appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law “has potential to do much more harm than good to public health,” by confusing people into thinking risks from something like coffee are similar to those from smoking, Giovannucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Food Information Council and Foundation, an organization funded mostly by the food and beverage industry, says the law is confusing the public because it doesn’t note levels of risk, and adds that U.S. dietary guidelines say up to five cups of coffee a day can be part of a healthy diet.[contextly_sidebar id=”fE3v7Cn5MLcbvitroBXFRpPTh0iSbNI8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Otis Brawley, the American Cancer Society’s chief medical officer, said, “The issue here is dose, and the amount of acrylamide that would be included in coffee, which is really very small, compared to the amount from smoking tobacco. I don’t think we should be worried about a cup of coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Trenton-Dietz, public health specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the California ruling contrasts with what science shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies in humans suggest that if anything, coffee is protective for some types of cancer,” she said. “As long as people are not putting a lot of sugar or sweeteners in, coffee, tea and water are the best things for people to be drinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Associated Press \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/tag/ScienceSays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series\u003c/a> was produced in \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnership\u003c/a> with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all contentchemic\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "How frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Here’s what’s known about the risks.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Trouble is brewing for coffee lovers in California, where \u003ca href=\".kqed.org/science/1921850/california-judge-coffee-needs-cancer-warnings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a judge ruled that sellers\u003c/a> must post scary warnings about cancer risks. But how frightened should we be of a daily cup of joe? Not very, some scientists and available evidence seem to suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific concerns about coffee have eased in recent years, and many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-finds-coffee-drinkers-have-lower-risk-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studies\u003c/a> even suggest it can help health.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the minimum, coffee is neutral. If anything, there is fairly good evidence of the benefit of coffee on cancer,” said Dr. Edward Giovannucci, a nutrition expert at the Harvard School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization’s cancer agency moved coffee off the “possible carcinogen” \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2016/pdfs/pr244_E.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> two years ago, though it says evidence is insufficient to rule out any possible role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flap isn’t about coffee itself, but a chemical called \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/assets/docs_a_e/acrylamide_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> (ah-KRILL-ah-mide) that’s made when the beans are roasted. Government agencies call it a probable or likely carcinogen, based on animal research, and a group sued to require coffee sellers to warn of that under a California \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/about-proposition-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law\u003c/a> passed by voters in 1986.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem: No one knows what levels are safe or risky for people. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets acrylamide limits for drinking water, but there aren’t any for food.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cup of coffee a day, exposure probably is not that high,” and probably should not change your habit, said Dr. Bruce Y. Lee of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. “If you drink a lot of cups a day, this is one of the reasons you might consider cutting that down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what’s known about the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Chemical\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nStart with the biggest known risk factor for cancer — smoking — which generates \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/diet/acrylamide-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acrylamide\u003c/a> . In the diet, French fries, potato chips, crackers, cookies, cereal and other high-carbohydrate foods contain it as a byproduct of roasting, baking, toasting or frying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/ChemicalContaminants/ucm053549.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tests\u003c/a> of acrylamide levels found they ranged from 175 to 351 parts per billion (a measure of concentration for a contaminant) for six brands of coffee tested; the highest was for one type of decaf coffee crystals. By comparison, French fries at one fast food chain ranged from 117 to 313 parts per billion, depending on the location tested. Some commercial fries had more than 1,000.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some baby foods contain acrylamide, such as teething biscuits and crackers. One brand of organic sweet potatoes tested as having 121 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the Risk?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>The “probable” or “likely” carcinogen label is based on studies of animals given high levels of acrylamide in drinking water. But people and rodents absorb the chemical at different rates and metabolize it differently, so its relevance to human health is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 23 scientists convened by the WHO’s cancer agency in 2016 looked at coffee — not acrylamide directly — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/2016/DebunkMyth.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decided\u003c/a> coffee was unlikely to cause breast, prostate or pancreatic cancer, and that it seemed to lower the risks for liver and uterine cancers. Evidence was inadequate to determine its effect on dozens of other cancer types.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The California Law\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSince 1986, businesses have been required to post warnings about chemicals known to cause cancer or other health risks — more than 900 substances are on the state’s list today — but what’s a “significant” risk is arguable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffee sellers and other defendants in the lawsuit that spurred Thursday’s ruling have a couple weeks to challenge it or appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law “has potential to do much more harm than good to public health,” by confusing people into thinking risks from something like coffee are similar to those from smoking, Giovannucci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The International Food Information Council and Foundation, an organization funded mostly by the food and beverage industry, says the law is confusing the public because it doesn’t note levels of risk, and adds that U.S. dietary guidelines say up to five cups of coffee a day can be part of a healthy diet.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Otis Brawley, the American Cancer Society’s chief medical officer, said, “The issue here is dose, and the amount of acrylamide that would be included in coffee, which is really very small, compared to the amount from smoking tobacco. I don’t think we should be worried about a cup of coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Trenton-Dietz, public health specialist at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, said the California ruling contrasts with what science shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies in humans suggest that if anything, coffee is protective for some types of cancer,” she said. “As long as people are not putting a lot of sugar or sweeteners in, coffee, tea and water are the best things for people to be drinking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This Associated Press \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/tag/ScienceSays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series\u003c/a> was produced in \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnership\u003c/a> with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all contentchemic\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Sierra Snowpack Still Skimpy After March Storms",
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"content": "\u003cp>The fifth most productive March on record for snow wasn’t enough to make up for disappointing precipitation throughout the key months of December, January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the April measurement of the Sierra Nevada snowpack, water content \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stood at more than 40 percent\u003c/a> below normal. It’s just 57 percent of the long-term average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A system lining up in the Pacific could bring in a late-season bonus of snowfall later this week, but at this point there’s little that could save this from being a dry water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=1b51f6ee-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Climatologist Michael Anderson tried to put the best face on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not too little, too late, but…helpful. But not enough,” is the way he described the month of March following a symposium on — ironically enough — extreme precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says there’s a temperature sweet spot for winter storms that deliver snow with the highest water content, which is really what matters. Too cold and the storm can’t hold sufficient water vapor, too warm and the snow line (the elevation where rain turns to snow) gets pushed higher up the hill, causing more precipitation to fall as rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4d668f0a-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the warmer storms and the higher-elevation snow lines, you don’t have enough time with the cold air to build that pack,” Anderson explains. This winter, he says, we just didn’t hit the sweet spot often enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even this year’s disappointing pack beats by a long shot the same date in 2015, when the snowpack clocked in at 5 percent of normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s official survey of the snowpack is significant, as April 1 is considered the peak of the snow season, before accumulated snows begin to melt and become runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=7aca0b98-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen the bulk of our precipitation,” Anderson says, pointing out that 90 percent of a typical year’s precipitation falls between October 1 and April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack provides about a third of California’s water supply. Last year’s abundant rain and snow left many of the state’s largest reservoirs brimming. That “carryover” should stave off another drought emergency this summer, but it means Californians will count that much more heavily on next year’s wet season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really that look ahead of, ‘What does next year bring,'” says Anderson, “and this kind of year brings that to the forefront.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Before and after: thank goodness for March. Check out the images in this post to see how one month helped plump up the snowpack.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The fifth most productive March on record for snow wasn’t enough to make up for disappointing precipitation throughout the key months of December, January and February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the April measurement of the Sierra Nevada snowpack, water content \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stood at more than 40 percent\u003c/a> below normal. It’s just 57 percent of the long-term average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A system lining up in the Pacific could bring in a late-season bonus of snowfall later this week, but at this point there’s little that could save this from being a dry water year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=1b51f6ee-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Climatologist Michael Anderson tried to put the best face on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not too little, too late, but…helpful. But not enough,” is the way he described the month of March following a symposium on — ironically enough — extreme precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says there’s a temperature sweet spot for winter storms that deliver snow with the highest water content, which is really what matters. Too cold and the storm can’t hold sufficient water vapor, too warm and the snow line (the elevation where rain turns to snow) gets pushed higher up the hill, causing more precipitation to fall as rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=4d668f0a-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the warmer storms and the higher-elevation snow lines, you don’t have enough time with the cold air to build that pack,” Anderson explains. This winter, he says, we just didn’t hit the sweet spot often enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even this year’s disappointing pack beats by a long shot the same date in 2015, when the snowpack clocked in at 5 percent of normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s official survey of the snowpack is significant, as April 1 is considered the peak of the snow season, before accumulated snows begin to melt and become runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=7aca0b98-33ae-11e8-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen the bulk of our precipitation,” Anderson says, pointing out that 90 percent of a typical year’s precipitation falls between October 1 and April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack provides about a third of California’s water supply. Last year’s abundant rain and snow left many of the state’s largest reservoirs brimming. That “carryover” should stave off another drought emergency this summer, but it means Californians will count that much more heavily on next year’s wet season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really that look ahead of, ‘What does next year bring,'” says Anderson, “and this kind of year brings that to the forefront.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One day we may tell our kids or grandkids about the first time we ever saw a car drive down the street without a human behind the wheel. Today in California, we are a little closer to that milestone. As of April 2, the DMV can issue permits to test driverless cars on public roads. Unlike previous testing, the new permits will not require cars to have a person behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This technology right now is, by many measures, like teenage drivers. They’re pretty good. They’re not perfect. And they’ve got a ways to go still.’\u003ccite>Nidhi Kalra, RAND Corporation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Nidhi Kalra, senior information scientist at the RAND Corporation and an expert on self-driving cars, about what this means for our roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: How far are we, do you think, from seeing cars regularly go by on the street without a human driver?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: We’re not far at all. I would say by 2020, which is around the corner, we are going to see self driving cars. We’re going to look over at the car next to us and there will be no one behind the wheel, there may not be a wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Let’s talk about the significance of April 2nd. Is today a big change in policy, a big change in opportunity?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: It is a big change. You know, until now there’s had to be a test driver behind a vehicle even if it’s driving itself. And now that changes. And that matters for a couple of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”v1yAWUEFm3MQvL7Sg7IzDZKyZNgv7wkq”]The big benefits of self-driving vehicles are that there doesn’t need to be anyone paying attention. Not even anyone there. To get that [technology] on the road for consumer use we have to get that on the road for testing. That’s what this allows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a mixed bag, though. On the good side, we’re getting towards technology that many people think is going to hold a lot of promise. On the negative side, there’s a lot more risk in having a vehicle that doesn’t have someone paying attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: As we look at this emerging technology, what are the safety pros and cons of driverless cars?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: Let’s do a little context-setting. Every year there are 40,000 fatalities on our roads in the United States alone. So it’s a public health crisis that we sort of take for granted. Over 90 percent of those crashes involve some kind of human error. These vehicles are never tired. They’re never drunk and never distracted. They don’t make the routine mistakes that you and I might make all the time. That’s their potential in terms of safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A man sits behind a steering wheel, without his hands on it.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi.jpg 539w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ambarella’s autonomous car drives a 5-minute route near the semicconductor company’s headquarters. Gabriele Lini is in the driver seat as a “safety driver.” Starting April 2, 2018 the DMV is offering permits to companies that want to test cars without a back-up driver. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s a risk. One is that they might make mistakes that we would never make or they might not be able to solve all of the safety issues we have. And then there’s issues of cyber security. Will these vehicles be hacked and will we have simultaneous crashes? Or will a bug in the program cause them to do crazy things? So just because we’re terrible drivers doesn’t necessarily mean that the vehicles will be great, but there’s a lot of room for improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What are the pros and cons of having a driver testing a self-driving car and not having a driver in them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: The obvious pro is that there’s a backup safety driver because this technology right now is by many measures like teenage drivers. They’re pretty good. They’re not perfect. And they’ve got a ways to go still, so that backup driver is this professional who is going to jump in if something goes wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”iGyOxumUpHg9ygnatlXSyvgPlcutIVpl”]But eventually you’ve got to let that technology be on the road without a backup driver because that’s the way we want people to start using it. The public is interested in this technology. So this is a step towards that. It’s not without its risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What’s the coolest and most interesting thing you’ve seen so far in this field?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: You know the coolest part of it is the brains of the self-driving cars, the stuff you can’t even see. It’s making sense of the world, figuring out what’s going on and deciding what to do. That requires a level of computation and algorithmic sophistication that, a few years ago, wouldn’t have been possible. So this technology couldn’t have happened 10 years earlier, and that’s really exciting that we have it now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi.jpg 539w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Data Framework Fusion – Visualizer” in Ambarella’s autonomous car displays the external environment. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Now at any intersection in San Francisco, you’re seeing all kinds of different vehicles. You’ve got a lot of fire trucks passing through, city buses, Muni, little scooters. These brains powering these cars, are they ready for all of the nuances of driving on a city street?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: It’s not clear that they’re ready yet, but there’s no way to get them ready without getting them on the street. There’s so much diversity on our roads, not to mention the pedestrians and the dog walkers and squirrels crossing. There’s so much to take in but that can only happen when you actually get the vehicles on the road. And they’re pretty advanced; they can tell you that this is a kind of a vehicle and that’s a two-wheeler. They can put the world together pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So another thing a car might at an intersection is that between the hours of 7 and 9 a.m., say, you can’t make a left turn. This all gets programmed into the into the computer, the “brains” of a self-driving car?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: Absolutely. Keeping up with not only the rules of the road, which change from time to time, but the signage and what’s happening. So these vehicles need pretty detailed maps of the world and then they have a pretty good idea of where they are within that world. There’s a lot of technology on location, on sensing perception algorithms, and driving execution — a whole lot of stuff that goes inside this technology.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Are you ready to see a car go by without a human behind the wheel? The California DMV can issue permits for these road tests, starting today.",
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"title": "Today, A Milestone for Cars: No Driver Needed | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One day we may tell our kids or grandkids about the first time we ever saw a car drive down the street without a human behind the wheel. Today in California, we are a little closer to that milestone. As of April 2, the DMV can issue permits to test driverless cars on public roads. Unlike previous testing, the new permits will not require cars to have a person behind the wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This technology right now is, by many measures, like teenage drivers. They’re pretty good. They’re not perfect. And they’ve got a ways to go still.’\u003ccite>Nidhi Kalra, RAND Corporation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Nidhi Kalra, senior information scientist at the RAND Corporation and an expert on self-driving cars, about what this means for our roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: How far are we, do you think, from seeing cars regularly go by on the street without a human driver?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: We’re not far at all. I would say by 2020, which is around the corner, we are going to see self driving cars. We’re going to look over at the car next to us and there will be no one behind the wheel, there may not be a wheel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Let’s talk about the significance of April 2nd. Is today a big change in policy, a big change in opportunity?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: It is a big change. You know, until now there’s had to be a test driver behind a vehicle even if it’s driving itself. And now that changes. And that matters for a couple of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The big benefits of self-driving vehicles are that there doesn’t need to be anyone paying attention. Not even anyone there. To get that [technology] on the road for consumer use we have to get that on the road for testing. That’s what this allows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a mixed bag, though. On the good side, we’re getting towards technology that many people think is going to hold a lot of promise. On the negative side, there’s a lot more risk in having a vehicle that doesn’t have someone paying attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: As we look at this emerging technology, what are the safety pros and cons of driverless cars?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: Let’s do a little context-setting. Every year there are 40,000 fatalities on our roads in the United States alone. So it’s a public health crisis that we sort of take for granted. Over 90 percent of those crashes involve some kind of human error. These vehicles are never tired. They’re never drunk and never distracted. They don’t make the routine mistakes that you and I might make all the time. That’s their potential in terms of safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921897\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921897\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"A man sits behind a steering wheel, without his hands on it.\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi.jpg 539w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30110_SELFDRIVE_087-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ambarella’s autonomous car drives a 5-minute route near the semicconductor company’s headquarters. Gabriele Lini is in the driver seat as a “safety driver.” Starting April 2, 2018 the DMV is offering permits to companies that want to test cars without a back-up driver. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s a risk. One is that they might make mistakes that we would never make or they might not be able to solve all of the safety issues we have. And then there’s issues of cyber security. Will these vehicles be hacked and will we have simultaneous crashes? Or will a bug in the program cause them to do crazy things? So just because we’re terrible drivers doesn’t necessarily mean that the vehicles will be great, but there’s a lot of room for improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What are the pros and cons of having a driver testing a self-driving car and not having a driver in them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: The obvious pro is that there’s a backup safety driver because this technology right now is by many measures like teenage drivers. They’re pretty good. They’re not perfect. And they’ve got a ways to go still, so that backup driver is this professional who is going to jump in if something goes wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But eventually you’ve got to let that technology be on the road without a backup driver because that’s the way we want people to start using it. The public is interested in this technology. So this is a step towards that. It’s not without its risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: What’s the coolest and most interesting thing you’ve seen so far in this field?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: You know the coolest part of it is the brains of the self-driving cars, the stuff you can’t even see. It’s making sense of the world, figuring out what’s going on and deciding what to do. That requires a level of computation and algorithmic sophistication that, a few years ago, wouldn’t have been possible. So this technology couldn’t have happened 10 years earlier, and that’s really exciting that we have it now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921898\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 539px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"539\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi.jpg 539w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/RS30103_SELFDRIVE_108-sfi-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The “Data Framework Fusion – Visualizer” in Ambarella’s autonomous car displays the external environment. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: Now at any intersection in San Francisco, you’re seeing all kinds of different vehicles. You’ve got a lot of fire trucks passing through, city buses, Muni, little scooters. These brains powering these cars, are they ready for all of the nuances of driving on a city street?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalra: It’s not clear that they’re ready yet, but there’s no way to get them ready without getting them on the street. There’s so much diversity on our roads, not to mention the pedestrians and the dog walkers and squirrels crossing. There’s so much to take in but that can only happen when you actually get the vehicles on the road. And they’re pretty advanced; they can tell you that this is a kind of a vehicle and that’s a two-wheeler. They can put the world together pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watt: So another thing a car might at an intersection is that between the hours of 7 and 9 a.m., say, you can’t make a left turn. This all gets programmed into the into the computer, the “brains” of a self-driving car?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Wildfire Prevention Takes a Back Seat in California",
"headTitle": "Wildfire Prevention Takes a Back Seat in California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Dave Kinateder has a keen eye for trees. But when Kinateder, a fire ecologist in the Plumas National Forest, surveys a hillside lush with pines, he doesn’t see abundance or the glory of nature’s bounty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sees a disaster-in-waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”XvW8tq5rEZdq0j2MMxoysQoqzkOPsjwk”]“It’s a ticking time bomb,” he said, gazing across the dense, green carpet of trees near Quincy, a small community high in the northern Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s wildfires, the worst in modern California history, have put a microscope on the forests that cover a third of the state–in particular, on managing these wooded lands in ways that would reduce the frequency and intensity of such blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is grappling with the counterintuitive dilemma of too many trees, packed too closely together, robbed of the space they need to thrive—and with how to clear out more than 100 million dead trees, felled by drought or insects, that provide tinder for the next infernos.[contextly_sidebar id=”W78j62BzZQgCQHG4Uhnb5gMw3bHmzNrJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curing these unhealthy forests is both difficult and expensive, and as with human health, prevention is far less costly than treatment. But these days the state firefighting agency, Cal Fire, spends the bulk of its resources battling fires rather than practicing preventive measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At stake is nothing less than life, property, air quality and the lands that hold most of California’s water. A state commission recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.lhc.ca.gov/sites/lhc.ca.gov/files/Reports/242/Report242.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prescribed\u003c/a> radical changes to address what it terms the “neglect” of California’s largest forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 19th-century California forest would have held fewer than 50 trees an acre. Today the state’s forests have grown to an unnatural 300 to 500 trees an acre, or more. That doesn’t count the 2 million drought-stressed trees a month lost to bark beetles that have killed entire stands.[contextly_sidebar id=”7ztdqfj3wRFHxO5rfPD2guBOX7lJUHQJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, who in 2014 declared tree mortality a state of emergency, said in his January State of the State address that California needs to manage its forests more intelligently. He vowed to convene a task force “to review thoroughly the way our forests are managed and suggest ways to reduce the threat of devastating fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has dozens of agencies attacking problem but still cannot keep up with the work. Crews around the state have been busy clearing trees as fast as funding allows. This wielding of chainsaws they call “whacking and stacking” leaves massive wood piles along highways in some areas. But it amounts to no more than triage: Cal Fire removes trees on fewer than 40,000 acres a year, far short of its goal of clearing a half-million acres annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1921881\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-800x1244.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1244\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-800x1244.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-160x249.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-768x1194.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-1020x1586.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-1180x1835.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-960x1493.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-240x373.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-375x583.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-520x809.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1.png 1317w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Kinateder estimates that removing trees in this way costs as much as $1,400 an acre. By comparison, controlled burns—those set by fire managers to remove vegetation from forests—is a bargain at less than $150 an acre. Fighting a wildfire comes in at just over $800 an acre, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from the forest floor, California officials are wrestling with the financial and environmental cost of the state’s forest practices. At a hearing in March in Sacramento, legislators listened to lurid descriptions of raging fire and wrenching stories of human misery recounted by a stream of state and local officials: flames rearing up like an enormous beast, residents running for their lives, neighborhoods leveled, fire burning so hot and for so long that soils were rendered sterile.[contextly_sidebar id=”0ul4kP3DzeWs0FzlnhMdgFepk98LDj0R”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A portion of the proceedings focused on a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lhc.ca.gov/sites/lhc.ca.gov/files/Reports/242/Report242.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> about wildfires and forest health from the Little Hoover Commission, an independent state oversight agency that gave its findings to the governor and Legislature in February. The document pulled no punches, calling the state of the Sierra Nevada’s forests “an unprecedented environmental catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It cited a century of “mismanaging” the 10 million wooded acres in the Sierra, calling out state and federal firefighting agencies for their longstanding policy of aggressively putting out all fires rather than letting those that can safely burn do so, thereby thinning the choked woodlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”I4v79I4vD7MYIXswWhic9rNtNP98HPtb”]Helge Eng, deputy director of Cal Fire, acknowledged the report was “spot on” in its assessment of the state of the Sierra, adding that the analysis “did an especially good job of recognizing that there are no easy, black-and-white answers to the problems we are facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire boasts that it stops 95 percent of fires at 10 acres or less, saving lives, property and entire forests from conflagration. Fire experts argue that a negative could be turned into a positive if fire bosses let them burn while still steering them away from people and structures and toward overgrown wildlands in need of clearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an approach sometimes used by the National Park Service, but it’s difficult to defend when forests are ablaze, frightening the public and many elected officials alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the report said, “it is not enough for agency leaders, scientists and advocates to recognize the benefits of fire as a tool; the bureaucracy of the state government and public sentiment as a whole must undergo a culture shift to embrace fire as a tool for forest health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921880\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921880\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Forest Service employees in the Plumas National Forest near Quincy, in California’s northern Sierra. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eng said Cal Fire is considering adopting the managed-burn approach, when appropriate, but noted that federal firefighters are often working in wild settings, away from development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Fire’s mission is different; we protect life and property” in areas that may be densely populated, Eng said in a written response to questions. “There is most often not an opportunity to let a fire burn. The risk to human life is just too great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also detailed a public safety threat from 129 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/drought-pests-and-disease-are-killing-californias-trees/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dead trees\u003c/a>, the crushing cost—up to $1,000 a tree—to private property owners to have trees removed from their land and the enormous burden on rural governments to both recover from fire and prepare their forests to mitigate the intensity of the next one. In no uncertain terms, the commission prescribed dramatically ramping up tree-thinning projects and, as awful as the optics are, creating and controlling some fires to achieve the same result.[contextly_sidebar id=”o9bU6RxRQfRBAmu2y51bCPOsDeuxvWSO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eng agreed that the state firefighting agency was far from achieving its “aspirational” goal of clearing a half-million acres of land each year, citing such impediments as “the logistics of capacity of staff and equipment and environmental compliance,” among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moment notable for its rarity in Sacramento, there was bipartisan agreement in the hearing room this month about the problem, its scope and the appropriate measures to deal with it. Focus more intensely on the problem, they agreed, and throw money at it. The state spent $900 million fighting fires last year. Just one of those late-season blazes caused more than $9 billion in reported property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made mistakes, and we’ve created systems that are unwieldy….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all of our fault,” Jim Branham, executive officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevadaconservancy.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada Conservancy\u003c/a>, a state agency, told CALmatters. “Money alone won’t solve it, but we won’t solve it without money, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosaic of land ownership in California means the state owns only 2 percent of the forests but has legal responsibility over much more: 31 million acres, including land in rural counties.[contextly_sidebar id=”qdmMEBfcIp3vwOTTVG40OwwA7aE0POSd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire received more than $200 million for forest health projects last year and has proposed an additional $160 million for the next fiscal year. Those sums are on top of the agency’s current $2.7 billion budget. Cal Fire, in turn, doles out millions of those dollars in grants to local governments and community groups to do some thinning themselves, and it teams with the federal Forest Service to tackle clearing projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>The work to improve forest health dovetails with other state priorities—protecting water sources and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada range is the headwaters for 60 percent of California’s developed water supply. Burned, denuded hillsides don’t store water efficiently when it rains. Sediment cascades downhill, filling streams, affecting water quality and loading up reservoirs, reducing their storage capacity\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>The carbon equation is equally direct: When trees burn or decay, they release \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-wildfires-looming-threat-climate-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenhouse gases\u003c/a>. The 2013 Rim Fire near Yosemite National Park produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevadaconservancy.ca.gov/our-region/rim-fire/rimairqualityfacts.pdf/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions \u003c/a>equal to those of 2.3 million cars in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed burns emit less carbon than higher-intensity fires, because managed fire is aimed at smaller trees and shrubs. Cleared forest land may still ignite, but it will burn with less intensity and fewer emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, when trees die, they stop absorbing carbon from the atmosphere. The state depends on that critical service to help reduce greenhouse gases. \u003ca href=\"https://nau.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/recovery-of-ponderosa-pine-ecosystem-carbon-and-water-fluxes-from\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research \u003c/a>suggests that severely burned areas regrow with shrubs or grasses, plants that store about 10 percent less carbon than trees do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Moorlach, a Republican state senator from Costa Mesa, suggests the Democratic governor, a champion of the fight against climate change, has a “gigantic blind spot” when it comes to reducing carbon emissions. Moorlach said in an interview that Brown’s emphasis on electric cars, for example, ignores the role of fire in California’s greenhouse gas inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“We’re being absolute phonies about climate change if we are not dealing with the real driver of greenhouse gas; that’s these wildfires,” said Moorlach. He has \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed\u003c/a> that the state dedicate 25 percent of the revenue from its cap and trade grreenhouse-gas-reduction system to help counties’ fire mitigation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties would welcome the help. Randy Hanvelt, a supervisor in Tuolumne County, said that where forest management is concerned, there’s a “leadership problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Talk is cheap,” he said. “We have got ourselves a giant colossal mess. This is a war of sorts. Time is against us. Every available tool has to be applied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such tool is carefully designed burns. But the meticulous planning necessary can take two to three years, and the burns require favorable weather, a permit from the local air district and, crucially, buy-in from local communities that must first be educated about the benefits. And controlled doesn’t mean risk-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Politically, you have to have the ability to make mistakes and move on,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[vimeo 262300538 w=640 h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Bunch, who plans thinning projects for the Plumas National Forest, pointed to a partly cleared hillside outside of Quincy where one of his extensively planned prescribed burns went awry, undone by a shift in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were about an hour into the burn and the smoke started going into town,” Bunch said, shaking his head at the memory. Even though the burn was going as planned, the smoke was not acceptable to nearby residents, who protested to fire officials. “Phones started ringing. Calls were made, and we shut it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another method is used in Florida, which trains and certifies private property owners to burn their overgrown land and provides limited liability coverage in some cases. Florida cleared 2.1 million acres this way last year. Scott Stephens, who heads a wildland fire research lab at the University of California, Berkeley, said the widespread adoption of the policy has educated residents on both its benefits and risks.[contextly_sidebar id=”HXxaZrdRAqKYzcHGFu2bpkZlQEEg5Y6t”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Plumas County, a hulking building in a parking lot outside a community health complex may offer the final piece of the forest-health puzzle: creating a market for trees removed from California’s forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of a project managed by the Sierra Institute for Community and Environment, the unremarkable square structure shows a potential use for California trees. The building is the state’s first to be fully constructed from cross-laminated timber—layers of wood pressed together to make thick sheets and posts—equal to or greater than the strength of steel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the $2.3 million facility will house a large boiler to provide heat for the health center by consuming 500 tons of local wood chips a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is the brainchild of the institute, which envisions it as a way to boost the economies of forest communities. It’s the kind of innovation the governor and Legislature hoped to promote by establishing a \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Wood-Products-Recommendations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wood Products Working Group\u003c/a> to develop commercial uses for the piles of trees beside the state’s roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s little left in California today of the early 20th century’s timber cutters, sawmills and biomass industry. If the state follows the Little Hoover Commission’s recommendations and accelerates forest thinning, an entire segment of state industry would need to be rejuvenated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, officials emphasize the need to educate Californians about the role of forests in the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want people to care about something, they have to understand why it matters,” said Pedro Nava, chairman of the Little Hoover Commission. “They need to understand the deep connection between the health of our state and the state of our forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branham, of the Sierra Nevada Conservancy, said that won’t be easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of our messages are counterintuitive: We must cut down healthy living trees to save the forest,” he noted. “It’s a challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A state commission recently prescribed radical changes to address the “neglect” of California’s forests.",
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"description": "A state commission recently prescribed radical changes to address the “neglect” of California’s forests.",
"title": "Wildfire Prevention Takes a Back Seat in California | KQED",
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"headline": "Wildfire Prevention Takes a Back Seat in California",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>,\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dave Kinateder has a keen eye for trees. But when Kinateder, a fire ecologist in the Plumas National Forest, surveys a hillside lush with pines, he doesn’t see abundance or the glory of nature’s bounty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sees a disaster-in-waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“It’s a ticking time bomb,” he said, gazing across the dense, green carpet of trees near Quincy, a small community high in the northern Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s wildfires, the worst in modern California history, have put a microscope on the forests that cover a third of the state–in particular, on managing these wooded lands in ways that would reduce the frequency and intensity of such blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is grappling with the counterintuitive dilemma of too many trees, packed too closely together, robbed of the space they need to thrive—and with how to clear out more than 100 million dead trees, felled by drought or insects, that provide tinder for the next infernos.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curing these unhealthy forests is both difficult and expensive, and as with human health, prevention is far less costly than treatment. But these days the state firefighting agency, Cal Fire, spends the bulk of its resources battling fires rather than practicing preventive measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At stake is nothing less than life, property, air quality and the lands that hold most of California’s water. A state commission recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.lhc.ca.gov/sites/lhc.ca.gov/files/Reports/242/Report242.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prescribed\u003c/a> radical changes to address what it terms the “neglect” of California’s largest forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 19th-century California forest would have held fewer than 50 trees an acre. Today the state’s forests have grown to an unnatural 300 to 500 trees an acre, or more. That doesn’t count the 2 million drought-stressed trees a month lost to bark beetles that have killed entire stands.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, who in 2014 declared tree mortality a state of emergency, said in his January State of the State address that California needs to manage its forests more intelligently. He vowed to convene a task force “to review thoroughly the way our forests are managed and suggest ways to reduce the threat of devastating fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has dozens of agencies attacking problem but still cannot keep up with the work. Crews around the state have been busy clearing trees as fast as funding allows. This wielding of chainsaws they call “whacking and stacking” leaves massive wood piles along highways in some areas. But it amounts to no more than triage: Cal Fire removes trees on fewer than 40,000 acres a year, far short of its goal of clearing a half-million acres annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1921881\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-800x1244.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1244\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-800x1244.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-160x249.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-768x1194.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-1020x1586.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-1180x1835.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-960x1493.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-240x373.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-375x583.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1-520x809.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/1.png 1317w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">Kinateder estimates that removing trees in this way costs as much as $1,400 an acre. By comparison, controlled burns—those set by fire managers to remove vegetation from forests—is a bargain at less than $150 an acre. Fighting a wildfire comes in at just over $800 an acre, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from the forest floor, California officials are wrestling with the financial and environmental cost of the state’s forest practices. At a hearing in March in Sacramento, legislators listened to lurid descriptions of raging fire and wrenching stories of human misery recounted by a stream of state and local officials: flames rearing up like an enormous beast, residents running for their lives, neighborhoods leveled, fire burning so hot and for so long that soils were rendered sterile.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A portion of the proceedings focused on a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lhc.ca.gov/sites/lhc.ca.gov/files/Reports/242/Report242.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> about wildfires and forest health from the Little Hoover Commission, an independent state oversight agency that gave its findings to the governor and Legislature in February. The document pulled no punches, calling the state of the Sierra Nevada’s forests “an unprecedented environmental catastrophe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It cited a century of “mismanaging” the 10 million wooded acres in the Sierra, calling out state and federal firefighting agencies for their longstanding policy of aggressively putting out all fires rather than letting those that can safely burn do so, thereby thinning the choked woodlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Helge Eng, deputy director of Cal Fire, acknowledged the report was “spot on” in its assessment of the state of the Sierra, adding that the analysis “did an especially good job of recognizing that there are no easy, black-and-white answers to the problems we are facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire boasts that it stops 95 percent of fires at 10 acres or less, saving lives, property and entire forests from conflagration. Fire experts argue that a negative could be turned into a positive if fire bosses let them burn while still steering them away from people and structures and toward overgrown wildlands in need of clearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s an approach sometimes used by the National Park Service, but it’s difficult to defend when forests are ablaze, frightening the public and many elected officials alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the report said, “it is not enough for agency leaders, scientists and advocates to recognize the benefits of fire as a tool; the bureaucracy of the state government and public sentiment as a whole must undergo a culture shift to embrace fire as a tool for forest health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921880\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1921880\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/sierra-nevada-600x338-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Forest Service employees in the Plumas National Forest near Quincy, in California’s northern Sierra. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eng said Cal Fire is considering adopting the managed-burn approach, when appropriate, but noted that federal firefighters are often working in wild settings, away from development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Fire’s mission is different; we protect life and property” in areas that may be densely populated, Eng said in a written response to questions. “There is most often not an opportunity to let a fire burn. The risk to human life is just too great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also detailed a public safety threat from 129 million \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/drought-pests-and-disease-are-killing-californias-trees/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dead trees\u003c/a>, the crushing cost—up to $1,000 a tree—to private property owners to have trees removed from their land and the enormous burden on rural governments to both recover from fire and prepare their forests to mitigate the intensity of the next one. In no uncertain terms, the commission prescribed dramatically ramping up tree-thinning projects and, as awful as the optics are, creating and controlling some fires to achieve the same result.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eng agreed that the state firefighting agency was far from achieving its “aspirational” goal of clearing a half-million acres of land each year, citing such impediments as “the logistics of capacity of staff and equipment and environmental compliance,” among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moment notable for its rarity in Sacramento, there was bipartisan agreement in the hearing room this month about the problem, its scope and the appropriate measures to deal with it. Focus more intensely on the problem, they agreed, and throw money at it. The state spent $900 million fighting fires last year. Just one of those late-season blazes caused more than $9 billion in reported property damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made mistakes, and we’ve created systems that are unwieldy….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all of our fault,” Jim Branham, executive officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevadaconservancy.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada Conservancy\u003c/a>, a state agency, told CALmatters. “Money alone won’t solve it, but we won’t solve it without money, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosaic of land ownership in California means the state owns only 2 percent of the forests but has legal responsibility over much more: 31 million acres, including land in rural counties.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire received more than $200 million for forest health projects last year and has proposed an additional $160 million for the next fiscal year. Those sums are on top of the agency’s current $2.7 billion budget. Cal Fire, in turn, doles out millions of those dollars in grants to local governments and community groups to do some thinning themselves, and it teams with the federal Forest Service to tackle clearing projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>The work to improve forest health dovetails with other state priorities—protecting water sources and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada range is the headwaters for 60 percent of California’s developed water supply. Burned, denuded hillsides don’t store water efficiently when it rains. Sediment cascades downhill, filling streams, affecting water quality and loading up reservoirs, reducing their storage capacity\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>The carbon equation is equally direct: When trees burn or decay, they release \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-wildfires-looming-threat-climate-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenhouse gases\u003c/a>. The 2013 Rim Fire near Yosemite National Park produced \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevadaconservancy.ca.gov/our-region/rim-fire/rimairqualityfacts.pdf/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emissions \u003c/a>equal to those of 2.3 million cars in a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prescribed burns emit less carbon than higher-intensity fires, because managed fire is aimed at smaller trees and shrubs. Cleared forest land may still ignite, but it will burn with less intensity and fewer emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, when trees die, they stop absorbing carbon from the atmosphere. The state depends on that critical service to help reduce greenhouse gases. \u003ca href=\"https://nau.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/recovery-of-ponderosa-pine-ecosystem-carbon-and-water-fluxes-from\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research \u003c/a>suggests that severely burned areas regrow with shrubs or grasses, plants that store about 10 percent less carbon than trees do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Moorlach, a Republican state senator from Costa Mesa, suggests the Democratic governor, a champion of the fight against climate change, has a “gigantic blind spot” when it comes to reducing carbon emissions. Moorlach said in an interview that Brown’s emphasis on electric cars, for example, ignores the role of fire in California’s greenhouse gas inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>“We’re being absolute phonies about climate change if we are not dealing with the real driver of greenhouse gas; that’s these wildfires,” said Moorlach. He has \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed\u003c/a> that the state dedicate 25 percent of the revenue from its cap and trade grreenhouse-gas-reduction system to help counties’ fire mitigation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties would welcome the help. Randy Hanvelt, a supervisor in Tuolumne County, said that where forest management is concerned, there’s a “leadership problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Talk is cheap,” he said. “We have got ourselves a giant colossal mess. This is a war of sorts. Time is against us. Every available tool has to be applied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such tool is carefully designed burns. But the meticulous planning necessary can take two to three years, and the burns require favorable weather, a permit from the local air district and, crucially, buy-in from local communities that must first be educated about the benefits. And controlled doesn’t mean risk-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Politically, you have to have the ability to make mistakes and move on,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nick Bunch, who plans thinning projects for the Plumas National Forest, pointed to a partly cleared hillside outside of Quincy where one of his extensively planned prescribed burns went awry, undone by a shift in the wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were about an hour into the burn and the smoke started going into town,” Bunch said, shaking his head at the memory. Even though the burn was going as planned, the smoke was not acceptable to nearby residents, who protested to fire officials. “Phones started ringing. Calls were made, and we shut it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another method is used in Florida, which trains and certifies private property owners to burn their overgrown land and provides limited liability coverage in some cases. Florida cleared 2.1 million acres this way last year. Scott Stephens, who heads a wildland fire research lab at the University of California, Berkeley, said the widespread adoption of the policy has educated residents on both its benefits and risks.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Plumas County, a hulking building in a parking lot outside a community health complex may offer the final piece of the forest-health puzzle: creating a market for trees removed from California’s forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of a project managed by the Sierra Institute for Community and Environment, the unremarkable square structure shows a potential use for California trees. The building is the state’s first to be fully constructed from cross-laminated timber—layers of wood pressed together to make thick sheets and posts—equal to or greater than the strength of steel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the $2.3 million facility will house a large boiler to provide heat for the health center by consuming 500 tons of local wood chips a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is the brainchild of the institute, which envisions it as a way to boost the economies of forest communities. It’s the kind of innovation the governor and Legislature hoped to promote by establishing a \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Wood-Products-Recommendations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wood Products Working Group\u003c/a> to develop commercial uses for the piles of trees beside the state’s roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s little left in California today of the early 20th century’s timber cutters, sawmills and biomass industry. If the state follows the Little Hoover Commission’s recommendations and accelerates forest thinning, an entire segment of state industry would need to be rejuvenated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, officials emphasize the need to educate Californians about the role of forests in the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want people to care about something, they have to understand why it matters,” said Pedro Nava, chairman of the Little Hoover Commission. “They need to understand the deep connection between the health of our state and the state of our forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branham, of the Sierra Nevada Conservancy, said that won’t be easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of our messages are counterintuitive: We must cut down healthy living trees to save the forest,” he noted. “It’s a challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Projected sea level rise by the end of the century could threaten 90 percent of coastal freshwater turtles, according \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/brv.12410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to a study\u003c/a> published on Monday in the journal Biological Reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted by researchers at UC Davis, marks the first in-depth assessment of how sea level rise could affect habitats for freshwater turtle species.[contextly_sidebar id=”WoG3O1xIzxKLExmSaSYu2psBsPipwmDE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three-quarters of the world’s freshwater turtles live near coastlines that are expected to experience a sea rise of 3 feet by 2011. Of those species, fewer than half are known to sometimes tolerate a slightly saltier environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t yet know whether these turtles can adapt or shift fast enough to move with the changing salinity,” says lead author Mickey Agha, a UC Davis graduate student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have been studying western pond turtles, California’s only native freshwater turtle species. Classified as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Drought/Projects/Western-Pond-Turtle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">species of “special concern”\u003c/a> by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, their populations have significantly dwindled, due in part to habitat loss caused by development, says the report.[contextly_sidebar id=”jKDAsdP2AwfnzCZGDWhP0bnh27gyTyoT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that western pond turtles face “a triple threat” of sea level rise, drought and water diversions, all of which result in saltier habitats. High levels of salty water can cause some freshwater turtles to lose body mass and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turtles have been on Earth for tens of millions of years, and most species are freshwater turtles. Only about 20 percent of turtles live in the sea or strictly on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to see how freshwater turtles will adapt to their changing environment, the biologists say their findings should raise alarm bells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a species that is slow to evolve,” says Brian Todd, senior author and associate professor at the UC Davis department. “If we rely on natural selection to sustain them, they will likely disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Projected sea level rise by the end of the century could threaten 90 percent of coastal freshwater turtles, according \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/brv.12410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to a study\u003c/a> published on Monday in the journal Biological Reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted by researchers at UC Davis, marks the first in-depth assessment of how sea level rise could affect habitats for freshwater turtle species.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About three-quarters of the world’s freshwater turtles live near coastlines that are expected to experience a sea rise of 3 feet by 2011. Of those species, fewer than half are known to sometimes tolerate a slightly saltier environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t yet know whether these turtles can adapt or shift fast enough to move with the changing salinity,” says lead author Mickey Agha, a UC Davis graduate student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have been studying western pond turtles, California’s only native freshwater turtle species. Classified as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Drought/Projects/Western-Pond-Turtle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">species of “special concern”\u003c/a> by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, their populations have significantly dwindled, due in part to habitat loss caused by development, says the report.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that western pond turtles face “a triple threat” of sea level rise, drought and water diversions, all of which result in saltier habitats. High levels of salty water can cause some freshwater turtles to lose body mass and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turtles have been on Earth for tens of millions of years, and most species are freshwater turtles. Only about 20 percent of turtles live in the sea or strictly on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more research is needed to see how freshwater turtles will adapt to their changing environment, the biologists say their findings should raise alarm bells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a species that is slow to evolve,” says Brian Todd, senior author and associate professor at the UC Davis department. “If we rely on natural selection to sustain them, they will likely disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Astronomers Baffled by Distant Galaxy Void of Dark Matter",
"headTitle": "Astronomers Baffled by Distant Galaxy Void of Dark Matter | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s a double cosmic conundrum: Lots of stuff that was already invisible has gone missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have found a distant galaxy where there is no dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dark matter\u003c/a> is called “dark” because it can’t be seen. It is the mysterious and invisible skeleton of the universe that scientists figure makes up about 27 percent of the cosmos. Scientists only know dark matter exists because they can observe how it pushes and pulls things they can see, like stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s supposed to be everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Yale University astronomer Pieter van Dokkum and colleagues spied a vast, old galaxy with relatively few stars where what you see truly is what you get. The galaxy’s stars are speeding around with no apparent influence from dark matter, according to a study published in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>. [contextly_sidebar id=”MmOrYQwYfx8hE0OAUtultNbXo6r5N9sn”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of shaking the very foundations of physics, scientists say this absence of dark matter may help prove the existence of, wait for it, dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not sure what to make of it, but it is definitely intriguing,” wrote Case Western Reserve astronomer Stacy McGaugh, who was not part of the study, in an email. “This is a weird galaxy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dokkum studies diffuse galaxies, ones that cover enormous areas but have relatively few stars. To look for them he and colleagues built their own makeshift telescope out of 48 telephoto lenses that he first tested by using a toy flashlight to shine a light on a paper clip. The bug-eyed telescope, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.dunlap.utoronto.ca/instrumentation/dragonfly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dragonfly\u003c/a>, peers into the sky from New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Galaxy, Few Stars\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUsing Dragonfly, van Dokkum and colleagues found a large, sparse galaxy called NGC1052-DF2 in the northern constellation Cetus, also known as the whale. It’s as big as the Milky Way but with only one percent of its stars. Then they used larger telescopes on Hawaii and eventually the Hubble Space Telescope to study the galaxy.[contextly_sidebar id=”a2JbIeEdh2fZdDuHyKWdt2JHZ5wdOIDX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the galaxy is mostly empty, they found clusters of densely grouped stars. With measurements from the telescopes, van Dokkum and colleagues calculated how fast those clusters moved. If there were a normal amount of dark matter those clusters would be speeding around at about 67,000 mph. Instead, the clusters were moving at about 18,000 mph. That’s about how fast they would move if there were no dark matter at all, van Dokkum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also calculated the total mass of the galaxy and found the stars account for everything, with little or no room left for dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find this unlikely in all possible contexts,” said McGaugh, who is a proponent of a “modified gravity” theory that excludes the existence of dark matter altogether. “That doesn’t make it wrong, just really weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could this absence of dark matter help prove that it exists? By potentially disproving modified gravity theories that suggest gravity acts in a way that the cosmos makes sense without dark matter. But those alternative theories require stars in this galaxy to zip at least twice as fast as they were seen moving in this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alternative Theories\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOther outside scientists said the initial look at the calculations appear to be correct, though the results are confounding. A galaxy with so few stars should have more dark matter than others, not none.[contextly_sidebar id=”zGz0llw9lkWJnoPPdIFeyZJDrxrxhcsa”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very strong scientists and so I take the results very seriously,” said Marc Kamionkowski, a physicist at Johns Hopkins University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outsider suggested that perhaps the “galaxy” van Dokkum studied is so diffuse that it may not really be a galaxy. Another suggested that the dark matter might just be outside of the area that van Dokkum measured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dokkum dismissed both possibilities. “It’s sort of non-negotiable. There’s nothing else, just the stars,” he said. The only way this can be explained is if dark matter exists in the universe, just not in that galaxy, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no good explanation for why and how this galaxy has no dark matter, van Dokkum said. He proposed four different possibilities — all unproven. His favorite: That the galaxy formed in the very early universe in a way astronomers have never seen or understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not so often you get a true surprise,” van Dokkum said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s a double cosmic conundrum: Lots of stuff that was already invisible has gone missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have found a distant galaxy where there is no dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dark matter\u003c/a> is called “dark” because it can’t be seen. It is the mysterious and invisible skeleton of the universe that scientists figure makes up about 27 percent of the cosmos. Scientists only know dark matter exists because they can observe how it pushes and pulls things they can see, like stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s supposed to be everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Yale University astronomer Pieter van Dokkum and colleagues spied a vast, old galaxy with relatively few stars where what you see truly is what you get. The galaxy’s stars are speeding around with no apparent influence from dark matter, according to a study published in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of shaking the very foundations of physics, scientists say this absence of dark matter may help prove the existence of, wait for it, dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not sure what to make of it, but it is definitely intriguing,” wrote Case Western Reserve astronomer Stacy McGaugh, who was not part of the study, in an email. “This is a weird galaxy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dokkum studies diffuse galaxies, ones that cover enormous areas but have relatively few stars. To look for them he and colleagues built their own makeshift telescope out of 48 telephoto lenses that he first tested by using a toy flashlight to shine a light on a paper clip. The bug-eyed telescope, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.dunlap.utoronto.ca/instrumentation/dragonfly/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dragonfly\u003c/a>, peers into the sky from New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Galaxy, Few Stars\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nUsing Dragonfly, van Dokkum and colleagues found a large, sparse galaxy called NGC1052-DF2 in the northern constellation Cetus, also known as the whale. It’s as big as the Milky Way but with only one percent of its stars. Then they used larger telescopes on Hawaii and eventually the Hubble Space Telescope to study the galaxy.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the galaxy is mostly empty, they found clusters of densely grouped stars. With measurements from the telescopes, van Dokkum and colleagues calculated how fast those clusters moved. If there were a normal amount of dark matter those clusters would be speeding around at about 67,000 mph. Instead, the clusters were moving at about 18,000 mph. That’s about how fast they would move if there were no dark matter at all, van Dokkum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also calculated the total mass of the galaxy and found the stars account for everything, with little or no room left for dark matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find this unlikely in all possible contexts,” said McGaugh, who is a proponent of a “modified gravity” theory that excludes the existence of dark matter altogether. “That doesn’t make it wrong, just really weird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could this absence of dark matter help prove that it exists? By potentially disproving modified gravity theories that suggest gravity acts in a way that the cosmos makes sense without dark matter. But those alternative theories require stars in this galaxy to zip at least twice as fast as they were seen moving in this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alternative Theories\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOther outside scientists said the initial look at the calculations appear to be correct, though the results are confounding. A galaxy with so few stars should have more dark matter than others, not none.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are very strong scientists and so I take the results very seriously,” said Marc Kamionkowski, a physicist at Johns Hopkins University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One outsider suggested that perhaps the “galaxy” van Dokkum studied is so diffuse that it may not really be a galaxy. Another suggested that the dark matter might just be outside of the area that van Dokkum measured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Dokkum dismissed both possibilities. “It’s sort of non-negotiable. There’s nothing else, just the stars,” he said. The only way this can be explained is if dark matter exists in the universe, just not in that galaxy, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no good explanation for why and how this galaxy has no dark matter, van Dokkum said. He proposed four different possibilities — all unproven. His favorite: That the galaxy formed in the very early universe in a way astronomers have never seen or understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not so often you get a true surprise,” van Dokkum said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Is It Even Possible To Protect Your Privacy On Facebook?",
"headTitle": "Is It Even Possible To Protect Your Privacy On Facebook? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The recent revelations that personal data from about 50 million Facebook users were used by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/20/595124809/u-k-seeks-search-warrant-on-cambridge-analytica-ceo-seen-in-hidden-camera-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data analytics firm\u003c/a> working for the Trump campaign are making a lot of the social network’s users uneasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are wondering if there’s a better way to limit who can access their personal information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanna Carlile-Roy, a part time student living in a remote area of northern California, is on Facebook, but she’s uncomfortable with its privacy policies. Yet she stays on the site. “I feel trapped with the site because it’s such a form of connection that I’ve become dependent on,” she says.[contextly_sidebar id=”EyH5cxcz9PZU44HfEIuMX4JdFkNZ6ZY2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlile-Roy tries to use Facebook’s privacy settings. But she says it’s not so easy. “You’re expected to go and try to research it yourself, read through all the fine print and it’s still really elusive,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few things you can do. Let’s start with apps. Cambridge Analytica, the firm with ties to the Trump campaign, got user data through a researcher who had an app. Apps are one way your Facebook information winds up outside of its walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you use an app for a game, a survey or anything, you’re sharing your data. There is a way to stop this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emory Roane of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse says “users can and certainly should go to their Facebook page and check their connected apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, go to settings. Click on Apps. Click on Apps, Websites and Plugins. Then you can deny access to all apps by clicking “disable platform.” That’s straightforward.[contextly_sidebar id=”4E4fKwaomliyXcSdVoG74ae4iDZgQcjP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t want to deny all apps, you can deny access to certain details about yourself — your religion, your family connections, your interests. Just click on “Edit” for “Apps Others Use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t want Facebook following you around, Roane says, turn off location services. “If it’s asking for your location information all the time or when the app is up,” he says, “maybe set it to only when the app is up or disable it altogether.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just don’t use Facebook on your phone. There are other steps you can take, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/privacy/facebook-privacy-settings/\">laid out\u003c/a> by public interest organizations like Consumer Reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Terrell McSweeny, a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission, warns users not to be overly confident of keeping all their information private. There are certain details that will be made public on Facebook no matter what you do.[contextly_sidebar id=”wiOL5HI9xlmWfVQho7mySIQIaTcna1cW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your name, your profile picture, your gender, your cover photos, your networks, your user name are always publicly available,” McSweeny says. “That’s part of the policy of that website.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy, a group that advocates for privacy rights, says Facebook has a reputation for suddenly changing its privacy rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could spend all day trying to protect your privacy on Facebook,” he says. “You wouldn’t be able to go to work or school. You’d be spending your day full time dealing with Facebook.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chester does not think creating better privacy controls is the answer for consumers. “I think for the average person there’s nothing that one can do to protect their privacy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chester thinks Europe has the right idea. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eugdpr.org/the-regulation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new law\u003c/a> there will take effect allowing regulators there “to be able to come down heavy on Facebook, Google and the others,” Chester says. The companies will be required “to get your permission first before they can use your data and create new limits on the ways that Facebook and Google and others operate,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chester says it will be interesting to see if the new rules in Europe hurt Facebook profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview earlier this week on CNN, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said he wouldn’t object to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/21/595793244/zuckerberg-breaks-silence-promises-to-protect-facebook-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some regulation of Facebook\u003c/a>. But it seems unlikely he’d welcome what’s about to happen in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+It+Even+Possible+To+Protect+Your+Privacy+On+Facebook%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The recent revelations that personal data from about 50 million Facebook users were used by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/20/595124809/u-k-seeks-search-warrant-on-cambridge-analytica-ceo-seen-in-hidden-camera-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data analytics firm\u003c/a> working for the Trump campaign are making a lot of the social network’s users uneasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are wondering if there’s a better way to limit who can access their personal information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanna Carlile-Roy, a part time student living in a remote area of northern California, is on Facebook, but she’s uncomfortable with its privacy policies. Yet she stays on the site. “I feel trapped with the site because it’s such a form of connection that I’ve become dependent on,” she says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlile-Roy tries to use Facebook’s privacy settings. But she says it’s not so easy. “You’re expected to go and try to research it yourself, read through all the fine print and it’s still really elusive,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few things you can do. Let’s start with apps. Cambridge Analytica, the firm with ties to the Trump campaign, got user data through a researcher who had an app. Apps are one way your Facebook information winds up outside of its walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you use an app for a game, a survey or anything, you’re sharing your data. There is a way to stop this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emory Roane of the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse says “users can and certainly should go to their Facebook page and check their connected apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, go to settings. Click on Apps. Click on Apps, Websites and Plugins. Then you can deny access to all apps by clicking “disable platform.” That’s straightforward.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t want to deny all apps, you can deny access to certain details about yourself — your religion, your family connections, your interests. Just click on “Edit” for “Apps Others Use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t want Facebook following you around, Roane says, turn off location services. “If it’s asking for your location information all the time or when the app is up,” he says, “maybe set it to only when the app is up or disable it altogether.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or just don’t use Facebook on your phone. There are other steps you can take, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/privacy/facebook-privacy-settings/\">laid out\u003c/a> by public interest organizations like Consumer Reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Terrell McSweeny, a commissioner of the Federal Trade Commission, warns users not to be overly confident of keeping all their information private. There are certain details that will be made public on Facebook no matter what you do.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your name, your profile picture, your gender, your cover photos, your networks, your user name are always publicly available,” McSweeny says. “That’s part of the policy of that website.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy, a group that advocates for privacy rights, says Facebook has a reputation for suddenly changing its privacy rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could spend all day trying to protect your privacy on Facebook,” he says. “You wouldn’t be able to go to work or school. You’d be spending your day full time dealing with Facebook.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chester does not think creating better privacy controls is the answer for consumers. “I think for the average person there’s nothing that one can do to protect their privacy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chester thinks Europe has the right idea. On May 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eugdpr.org/the-regulation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new law\u003c/a> there will take effect allowing regulators there “to be able to come down heavy on Facebook, Google and the others,” Chester says. The companies will be required “to get your permission first before they can use your data and create new limits on the ways that Facebook and Google and others operate,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chester says it will be interesting to see if the new rules in Europe hurt Facebook profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview earlier this week on CNN, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said he wouldn’t object to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/21/595793244/zuckerberg-breaks-silence-promises-to-protect-facebook-community\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some regulation of Facebook\u003c/a>. But it seems unlikely he’d welcome what’s about to happen in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+It+Even+Possible+To+Protect+Your+Privacy+On+Facebook%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Water Contamination Could Cost Santa Rosa an Unexpected $43 Million",
"headTitle": "Water Contamination Could Cost Santa Rosa an Unexpected $43 Million | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Chemical contamination from the North Bay Fires could now force Santa Rosa to replace the water delivery system for the severely burned Fountaingrove neighborhood, at an unbudgeted cost of $43 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa water officials \u003ca href=\"https://srcity.org/2801/Water-Quality-Advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will present an update\u003c/a> on the problem and a recommendation about how to address it at a meeting Tuesday at 2 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was merciless on Fountaingrove’s hillsides, leaving just 13 homes standing out of hundreds in a nearly 200-square-mile area. Connecting those homes to the water system were pipes made of high-density polyethylene or HDPE — a kind of plastic preferred for its cost, and for its flexibility in terrain that can be shaken by earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plastic has a downside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastics burn,” says Santa Rosa’s Director of Water, Ben Horenstein. “And no question when plastics burn and melt, they give off constituents you would not want in your water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class='\"pullquote'>’No question when plastics burn, they give off constituents you would not want in your water supply.’\u003ccite>Ben Horenstein, Santa Rosa Water\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That happened last October, says Horenstein. After an investigation, he says his department believes melted components released cancer-causing benzene, along with other hydrocarbons and contaminants that were then sucked further into the city’s depressurized water system. Sitting in the water mains, the contaminants migrated into the plastic mains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water department learned of the problem only when returning residents reported bad odors and tastes. Hundreds of subsequent water samples found benzene in all of the mains and lines within an advisory area, where residents were warned not to boil or drink tap water. Testing beyond the advisory area in greater Santa Rosa \u003ca href=\"https://santa-rosa.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=6156758&GUID=B4432391-FB8D-4DF8-8578-A5702DEB7BEA\">found benzene\u003c/a> in some smaller lines, but no water mains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New Risks to Old Systems\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Division of Drinking Water \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920335\">has said that\u003c/a> Santa Rosa’s problem is the first of its kind reported in California. But Horenstein suspects this could have happened in other communities, where smell and odor telltales weren’t as apparent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horenstein believes Santa Rosa’s response could have implications for other communities at risk of a similar incident, even nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think questions are being raised about prudent use of plastics in a water distribution system,” he says. I think there’s a lot of related questions that will slowly come out of this in terms of industry-wide standards, industry-wide approaches and industry-wide responses to similar problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Santa Rosa’s problem is unusual, other California cities have suffered damages to water systems after significant fire events and related natural disasters. In Santa Barbara County, heavy rains \u003ca href=\"http://www.montecitowater.com/latest-news/mwd-corrects-facts-on-jan-9-debris-flow-incidents/\">drove a debris flow\u003c/a> into the highline distribution water main for the Montecito Water District. Montecito, which is also recovering from major fires, ordered residents \u003ca href=\"http://www.montecitowater.com/latest-news/cancellation-of-boil-water-order/\">to boil water\u003c/a> before drinking for about a month in January. Other communities in that area \u003ca href=\"https://www.noozhawk.com/article/storm_causes_major_damage_montecito_water_distribution_south_coast_conduit\">have suffered\u003c/a> rock falls and mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re seeing a lot of events both in California and around the country and around the world, where we are experiencing how the change in probability of climate extremes has these indirect effects,” says Stanford climatologist Noah Diffenbaugh. “We’ve made decisions about where to site infrastructure, how to construct infrastructure, based on assumptions about climate that are no longer valid in a statistical sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diffenbaugh is a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/climate/climate-safe-infrastructure-working-group/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate-Safe Infrastructure Working Group\u003c/a> convened by California Natural Resources Secretary John Laird, which \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AB2800_Mtg2_SummaryNotes_final.pdf\">is\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AB2800_Mtg2_SummaryNotes_final.pdf\">considering\u003c/a> how to better integrate climate considerations into infrastructure design and maintenance. The group will produce a report later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921722\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1921722 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1020x1318.jpeg\" alt=\"Map of Fountaingrove water advisory area\" width=\"640\" height=\"827\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1020x1318.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-800x1034.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-768x992.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1920x2481.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1180x1525.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-960x1241.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-240x310.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-520x672.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea.jpeg 2012w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click image to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Santa Rosa Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Return to Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Rosa, Horenstein says the city’s goal is to return people to their homes, and return the area to a pre-fire condition. \u003ca href=\"https://santa-rosa.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=6156758&GUID=B4432391-FB8D-4DF8-8578-A5702DEB7BEA\">According to a city presentation\u003c/a>, the best-case scenario for full replacement in the advisory area would replace the drinking water system over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does feel very important for me to assure people, we are going to solve this thing,” Horenstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa could dip into reserves, seek federal aid, or even raise water rates to pay for the full replacement of Fountaingrove’s water delivery system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the city may have to weigh that investment against future fire risk: Fountaingrove has now burned twice in the last 54 years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the searing heat of October's fires, plastic components in the water system absorbed toxic chemicals.",
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"description": "In the searing heat of October's fires, plastic components in the water system absorbed toxic chemicals.",
"title": "Water Contamination Could Cost Santa Rosa an Unexpected $43 Million | KQED",
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"headline": "Water Contamination Could Cost Santa Rosa an Unexpected $43 Million",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chemical contamination from the North Bay Fires could now force Santa Rosa to replace the water delivery system for the severely burned Fountaingrove neighborhood, at an unbudgeted cost of $43 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa water officials \u003ca href=\"https://srcity.org/2801/Water-Quality-Advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will present an update\u003c/a> on the problem and a recommendation about how to address it at a meeting Tuesday at 2 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was merciless on Fountaingrove’s hillsides, leaving just 13 homes standing out of hundreds in a nearly 200-square-mile area. Connecting those homes to the water system were pipes made of high-density polyethylene or HDPE — a kind of plastic preferred for its cost, and for its flexibility in terrain that can be shaken by earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plastic has a downside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastics burn,” says Santa Rosa’s Director of Water, Ben Horenstein. “And no question when plastics burn and melt, they give off constituents you would not want in your water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class='\"pullquote'>’No question when plastics burn, they give off constituents you would not want in your water supply.’\u003ccite>Ben Horenstein, Santa Rosa Water\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That happened last October, says Horenstein. After an investigation, he says his department believes melted components released cancer-causing benzene, along with other hydrocarbons and contaminants that were then sucked further into the city’s depressurized water system. Sitting in the water mains, the contaminants migrated into the plastic mains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water department learned of the problem only when returning residents reported bad odors and tastes. Hundreds of subsequent water samples found benzene in all of the mains and lines within an advisory area, where residents were warned not to boil or drink tap water. Testing beyond the advisory area in greater Santa Rosa \u003ca href=\"https://santa-rosa.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=6156758&GUID=B4432391-FB8D-4DF8-8578-A5702DEB7BEA\">found benzene\u003c/a> in some smaller lines, but no water mains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>New Risks to Old Systems\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Division of Drinking Water \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920335\">has said that\u003c/a> Santa Rosa’s problem is the first of its kind reported in California. But Horenstein suspects this could have happened in other communities, where smell and odor telltales weren’t as apparent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horenstein believes Santa Rosa’s response could have implications for other communities at risk of a similar incident, even nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think questions are being raised about prudent use of plastics in a water distribution system,” he says. I think there’s a lot of related questions that will slowly come out of this in terms of industry-wide standards, industry-wide approaches and industry-wide responses to similar problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Santa Rosa’s problem is unusual, other California cities have suffered damages to water systems after significant fire events and related natural disasters. In Santa Barbara County, heavy rains \u003ca href=\"http://www.montecitowater.com/latest-news/mwd-corrects-facts-on-jan-9-debris-flow-incidents/\">drove a debris flow\u003c/a> into the highline distribution water main for the Montecito Water District. Montecito, which is also recovering from major fires, ordered residents \u003ca href=\"http://www.montecitowater.com/latest-news/cancellation-of-boil-water-order/\">to boil water\u003c/a> before drinking for about a month in January. Other communities in that area \u003ca href=\"https://www.noozhawk.com/article/storm_causes_major_damage_montecito_water_distribution_south_coast_conduit\">have suffered\u003c/a> rock falls and mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re seeing a lot of events both in California and around the country and around the world, where we are experiencing how the change in probability of climate extremes has these indirect effects,” says Stanford climatologist Noah Diffenbaugh. “We’ve made decisions about where to site infrastructure, how to construct infrastructure, based on assumptions about climate that are no longer valid in a statistical sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diffenbaugh is a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/climate/climate-safe-infrastructure-working-group/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate-Safe Infrastructure Working Group\u003c/a> convened by California Natural Resources Secretary John Laird, which \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AB2800_Mtg2_SummaryNotes_final.pdf\">is\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/AB2800_Mtg2_SummaryNotes_final.pdf\">considering\u003c/a> how to better integrate climate considerations into infrastructure design and maintenance. The group will produce a report later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921722\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1921722 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1020x1318.jpeg\" alt=\"Map of Fountaingrove water advisory area\" width=\"640\" height=\"827\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1020x1318.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-160x207.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-800x1034.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-768x992.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1920x2481.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-1180x1525.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-960x1241.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-240x310.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-375x485.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea-520x672.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/FountaingroveAdvisoryArea.jpeg 2012w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click image to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Santa Rosa Water)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Return to Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Santa Rosa, Horenstein says the city’s goal is to return people to their homes, and return the area to a pre-fire condition. \u003ca href=\"https://santa-rosa.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=6156758&GUID=B4432391-FB8D-4DF8-8578-A5702DEB7BEA\">According to a city presentation\u003c/a>, the best-case scenario for full replacement in the advisory area would replace the drinking water system over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does feel very important for me to assure people, we are going to solve this thing,” Horenstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa could dip into reserves, seek federal aid, or even raise water rates to pay for the full replacement of Fountaingrove’s water delivery system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the city may have to weigh that investment against future fire risk: Fountaingrove has now burned twice in the last 54 years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Los Angeles Could Source its Water Locally",
"headTitle": "How Los Angeles Could Source its Water Locally | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Los Angeles Mayor \u003c/span>Eric Garcetti believes his city is poised for a “second Mulholland moment.” William Mulholland was responsible for the construction, over a century ago, of the 200-mile-long \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/me-aqueduct/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqueduct\u003c/a> to Owens Valley that helped drive \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A.\u003c/span>’s growth. In a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.dailynews.com/2018/03/03/los-angeles-new-mulholland-moment-for-safe-and-adequate-water-eric-garcetti/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent op-ed\u003c/a>, Garcetti wrote, “we have launched a second opportunity to reimagine our water infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time it will take place \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920428/californians-are-struggling-to-pay-for-rising-water-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closer to home.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://plan.lamayor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a plan\u003c/a> in 2015 to reduce imported water 50 percent by 2025 and produce half of the city’s water supply locally by 2035. A vision also supported by the local water utility, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP\u003c/span>).[contextly_sidebar id=”TT0sfF5k0WDI0vLYDHmpmcwKDFNRGj6z”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just a pipe dream. “When we set that 50 percent goal we knew \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1115545/desalination-why-tapping-sea-water-has-slowed-to-a-trickle-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it was ambitious\u003c/a>, but we also really feel like it’s achievable,” said Liz Crosson, director of infrastructure for the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tp3x8g4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> from the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks the city could do more. The report is the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://grandchallenges.ucla.edu/happenings/2015/11/13/100-local-water-for-la-county/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fourth in a series\u003c/a> aimed at helping to provide the city with research to drive an integrated water management strategy. Mark Gold, the associate vice chancellor of environment and sustainability at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span> and one of the report’s authors, said sourcing 100 percent of the city’s water locally could even be possible. But it won’t be cheap, easy or quick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city would need to maximize local water supplies from stormwater capture, recycled water and groundwater, the latter of which in many cases would also need to be cleaned of pollutants. And the city would need to up its conservation efforts. “It’s not something that would happen overnight but if you look at the next 25–30 years, it’s something that definitely is possible,” Gold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Will\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>There’s quite a difference between possible and probable, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now Los Angeles gets the bulk of its water from three faraway sources: Owens Valley, the western side of the Sierra Nevada via the beleaguered Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Rocky Mountain snowmelt, diverted from the Colorado River before it heads to Mexico. As climate change impacts the timing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amount of runoff\u003c/a> in the West’s mountains and pressure for limited water resources increases, developing a more local water supply would increase resilience and reliability for \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To prepare for more frequent occurrences in extreme weather due to the impacts of climate change, we need to continue to develop local supply strategies, and improve integration efforts that contribute to expanding the city’s overall water supply reliability,” said Christina Holland, senior public relations specialist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP.\u003c/span> “This is especially relevant at a time when imported supplies continue to be challenged.”[contextly_sidebar id=”YjK1yw8v4IU5TvygFD0paYwStcqGL2N9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP\u003c/span> share a commitment to increasing local water supply for the city, but Crosson said that 100 percent local water is not on the city’s immediate horizon though “it’s definitely something that the city will consider and take a hard look at” while it ramps up efforts to meet its goal of 50 percent local water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span>’s report isn’t an exact roadmap that Los Angeles will follow, it’s still helpful to agencies working on expanding the city’s water supplies. “The additional research and opportunities identified in \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span>’s report will certainly help guide \u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP\u003c/span>’s future planning efforts and potential investments of limited funding in new future local projects,” said Holland. “This additional information could lead to refinements in our strategic plan and ultimately future investments in stormwater capture, water recycling and water use efficiency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Biggest Opportunities\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne of the first areas of focus to increase local water supplies is groundwater. The San Fernando Valley has a massive groundwater basin, but it’s been polluted for decades with contaminants from the aerospace industry and other industrial sources, said Crosson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921690\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-768x549.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person costumed as a water drop, supervisor Sheila Kuehl, homeowner Carrie Wassenaar, Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti and conservation advocate Andy Lipkis of TreePeople watch as water is released electronically from Wassenaar’s newly installed 1,320-gallon water cistern into a “rain garden” for replenishing groundwater. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Programs like the federal government’s Superfund haven’t proved effective at tackling the problem, said Gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, it just felt like everyone was waiting for Superfund and getting the polluters to pay for the remediation of the aquifer,” said Gold. “But that model just has not worked very well. The federal government agencies go after the potentially responsible parties to get settlement funds to pay for remediation. Funds go to litigation, not remediation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So water districts and municipalities are now taking matters into their own hands because the cost of pumping and treating the contaminated groundwater is now comparable to imported water prices.[contextly_sidebar id=”bfAZF6R7og5kNNe7Ujq6Ygxwx97DDf4W”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really on us to do a large-scale remediation project,” Crosson said. The city recently broke ground on the first of four new remediation projects to clean up the groundwater basin that will eventually provide water for up to 800,000 households a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of efforts are a “transformational change” in the region, said Gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean groundwater is important, too, because part of the city’s long-term water plan is to treat more stormwater and recycled water, which can be used to recharge groundwater. “If we are going to put more water into the groundwater, we need to make sure we have these treatment facilities to be able to use it,” said Crosson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is one area in which the city needs to focus more effort and where \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span>’s report is particularly helpful at identifying potential opportunities, said Crosson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been able to identify funding for groundwater remediation, we’ve been able to acquire funding for recycled water projects and we’ve done well in being able to support campaigns to educate folks about water conservation, but stormwater is difficult for municipalities across California to be able to fund,” she said. Because stormwater flows across jurisdictions, it requires coordinating with multiple municipalities and agencies across the entire watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Economic Issues\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Of particular note in the report is that it doesn’t factor desalinated seawater into the city’s future water portfolio as a way to augment local supply, as other California cities have done, such as \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2016/12/14/desalination-plant-anniversary-bodes-well-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">San Diego\u003c/a>. For a seaside city with little rain, desalinated ocean water might seem like a good investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the numbers don’t add up, at least not yet, said Gold. Recycled water and desalinated brackish water are cheaper, he said, and use less energy, have a small carbon footprint and fewer impacts on marine life. Less energy and fewer resources can be used transforming coastal water treatment plants into water supply plants, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">Still, committing to developing local water sources will not be cheap. “These sorts of projects aren’t free, they cost a lot of money to really make this sort of transformation from a 20th-century gray infrastructure to 21st-century green, local water infrastructure,” said Gold, but they also come with other benefits, including reduced carbon emissions, habitat and recreation opportunities and water quality improvements. “We’re talking about billions of dollars,” he said. “There’s got to be either a regulatory requirement or a large cash infusion to help make that happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new report challenges the city to think bigger about its plans to source more water locally.",
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"description": "A new report challenges the city to think bigger about its plans to source more water locally.",
"title": "How Los Angeles Could Source its Water Locally | KQED",
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"headline": "How Los Angeles Could Source its Water Locally",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">Los Angeles Mayor \u003c/span>Eric Garcetti believes his city is poised for a “second Mulholland moment.” William Mulholland was responsible for the construction, over a century ago, of the 200-mile-long \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://graphics.latimes.com/me-aqueduct/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aqueduct\u003c/a> to Owens Valley that helped drive \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A.\u003c/span>’s growth. In a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.dailynews.com/2018/03/03/los-angeles-new-mulholland-moment-for-safe-and-adequate-water-eric-garcetti/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent op-ed\u003c/a>, Garcetti wrote, “we have launched a second opportunity to reimagine our water infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time it will take place \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920428/californians-are-struggling-to-pay-for-rising-water-rates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closer to home.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://plan.lamayor.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/the-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a plan\u003c/a> in 2015 to reduce imported water 50 percent by 2025 and produce half of the city’s water supply locally by 2035. A vision also supported by the local water utility, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP\u003c/span>).\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just a pipe dream. “When we set that 50 percent goal we knew \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1115545/desalination-why-tapping-sea-water-has-slowed-to-a-trickle-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it was ambitious\u003c/a>, but we also really feel like it’s achievable,” said Liz Crosson, director of infrastructure for the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4tp3x8g4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new report\u003c/a> from the University of California, Los Angeles, thinks the city could do more. The report is the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://grandchallenges.ucla.edu/happenings/2015/11/13/100-local-water-for-la-county/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fourth in a series\u003c/a> aimed at helping to provide the city with research to drive an integrated water management strategy. Mark Gold, the associate vice chancellor of environment and sustainability at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span> and one of the report’s authors, said sourcing 100 percent of the city’s water locally could even be possible. But it won’t be cheap, easy or quick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city would need to maximize local water supplies from stormwater capture, recycled water and groundwater, the latter of which in many cases would also need to be cleaned of pollutants. And the city would need to up its conservation efforts. “It’s not something that would happen overnight but if you look at the next 25–30 years, it’s something that definitely is possible,” Gold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Political Will\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>There’s quite a difference between possible and probable, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now Los Angeles gets the bulk of its water from three faraway sources: Owens Valley, the western side of the Sierra Nevada via the beleaguered Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Rocky Mountain snowmelt, diverted from the Colorado River before it heads to Mexico. As climate change impacts the timing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921626/desalinated-water-doesnt-have-to-come-from-the-ocean\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amount of runoff\u003c/a> in the West’s mountains and pressure for limited water resources increases, developing a more local water supply would increase resilience and reliability for \u003cspan class=\"caps\">L.A.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To prepare for more frequent occurrences in extreme weather due to the impacts of climate change, we need to continue to develop local supply strategies, and improve integration efforts that contribute to expanding the city’s overall water supply reliability,” said Christina Holland, senior public relations specialist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP.\u003c/span> “This is especially relevant at a time when imported supplies continue to be challenged.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP\u003c/span> share a commitment to increasing local water supply for the city, but Crosson said that 100 percent local water is not on the city’s immediate horizon though “it’s definitely something that the city will consider and take a hard look at” while it ramps up efforts to meet its goal of 50 percent local water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span>’s report isn’t an exact roadmap that Los Angeles will follow, it’s still helpful to agencies working on expanding the city’s water supplies. “The additional research and opportunities identified in \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span>’s report will certainly help guide \u003cspan class=\"caps\">LADWP\u003c/span>’s future planning efforts and potential investments of limited funding in new future local projects,” said Holland. “This additional information could lead to refinements in our strategic plan and ultimately future investments in stormwater capture, water recycling and water use efficiency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Biggest Opportunities\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne of the first areas of focus to increase local water supplies is groundwater. The San Fernando Valley has a massive groundwater basin, but it’s been polluted for decades with contaminants from the aerospace industry and other industrial sources, said Crosson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1921690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921690\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-800x572.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-768x549.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/Waterdrop-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A person costumed as a water drop, supervisor Sheila Kuehl, homeowner Carrie Wassenaar, Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti and conservation advocate Andy Lipkis of TreePeople watch as water is released electronically from Wassenaar’s newly installed 1,320-gallon water cistern into a “rain garden” for replenishing groundwater. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Programs like the federal government’s Superfund haven’t proved effective at tackling the problem, said Gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, it just felt like everyone was waiting for Superfund and getting the polluters to pay for the remediation of the aquifer,” said Gold. “But that model just has not worked very well. The federal government agencies go after the potentially responsible parties to get settlement funds to pay for remediation. Funds go to litigation, not remediation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So water districts and municipalities are now taking matters into their own hands because the cost of pumping and treating the contaminated groundwater is now comparable to imported water prices.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really on us to do a large-scale remediation project,” Crosson said. The city recently broke ground on the first of four new remediation projects to clean up the groundwater basin that will eventually provide water for up to 800,000 households a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of efforts are a “transformational change” in the region, said Gold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean groundwater is important, too, because part of the city’s long-term water plan is to treat more stormwater and recycled water, which can be used to recharge groundwater. “If we are going to put more water into the groundwater, we need to make sure we have these treatment facilities to be able to use it,” said Crosson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stormwater is one area in which the city needs to focus more effort and where \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UCLA\u003c/span>’s report is particularly helpful at identifying potential opportunities, said Crosson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been able to identify funding for groundwater remediation, we’ve been able to acquire funding for recycled water projects and we’ve done well in being able to support campaigns to educate folks about water conservation, but stormwater is difficult for municipalities across California to be able to fund,” she said. Because stormwater flows across jurisdictions, it requires coordinating with multiple municipalities and agencies across the entire watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Economic Issues\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Of particular note in the report is that it doesn’t factor desalinated seawater into the city’s future water portfolio as a way to augment local supply, as other California cities have done, such as \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2016/12/14/desalination-plant-anniversary-bodes-well-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">San Diego\u003c/a>. For a seaside city with little rain, desalinated ocean water might seem like a good investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the numbers don’t add up, at least not yet, said Gold. Recycled water and desalinated brackish water are cheaper, he said, and use less energy, have a small carbon footprint and fewer impacts on marine life. Less energy and fewer resources can be used transforming coastal water treatment plants into water supply plants, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">Still, committing to developing local water sources will not be cheap. “These sorts of projects aren’t free, they cost a lot of money to really make this sort of transformation from a 20th-century gray infrastructure to 21st-century green, local water infrastructure,” said Gold, but they also come with other benefits, including reduced carbon emissions, habitat and recreation opportunities and water quality improvements. “We’re talking about billions of dollars,” he said. “There’s got to be either a regulatory requirement or a large cash infusion to help make that happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Self-Taught Rocket Scientist Blasts Off Into California Sky",
"headTitle": "Self-Taught Rocket Scientist Blasts Off Into California Sky | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>He finally went up — just like the self-taught rocket scientist always pledged he would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He came back down in one piece, too — a little dinged up and his steam-powered vessel a little cracked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, mission accomplished for a guy more daredevil than engineer, who drew more comparisons to the cartoon character Wile E. Coyote from his critics than he did to iconic stunt man Evel Knievel.[contextly_sidebar id=”ngRxeodxfUHYtLDpIUYfyQQwe9vt6zrs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mad” Mike Hughes, the rocket man who believes the Earth is flat, propelled himself about 1,875 feet into the air Saturday before a hard landing in the Mojave Desert. He told The Associated Press that outside of an aching back he’s fine after the launch near Amboy, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relieved,” he said after being checked out by paramedics. “I’m tired of people saying I chickened out and didn’t build a rocket. I’m tired of that stuff. I manned up and did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The launch in the desert town — about 200 miles (321.85 kilometers) east of Los Angeles — was originally scheduled in November. It was scrubbed several times due to logistical issues with the Bureau of Land Management and mechanical problems that kept popping up.[contextly_sidebar id=”a720o37Rx6tWsxaTLmwN9ceEX8gqFLwM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 61-year-old limo driver converted a mobile home into a ramp and modified it to launch from a vertical angle so he wouldn’t fall back to the ground on public land. For months he’s been working on overhauling his rocket in his garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looked like Saturday might be another in a string of cancellations, given that the wind was blowing and his rocket was losing steam. Ideally, they wanted it at 350 psi for maximum thrust, but it was dropping to 340.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told Mike we could try to keep charging it up and get it hotter,” said Waldo Stakes, who’s been helping Hughes with his endeavor. “He said, ‘No.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take-Off\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSometime after 3 p.m. PDT, and without a countdown, Hughes’ rocket soared into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hughes reached a speed that Stakes estimated to be around 350 mph before pulling his parachute. Hughes was dropping too fast, though, and he had to deploy a second one. He landed with a thud and the rocket’s nose broke in two places like it was designed to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing wants to kill you 10 different ways,” said Hughes, who had an altimeter in his cockpit to measure his altitude. “This thing will kill you in a heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I glad I did it? Yeah. I guess. I’ll feel it in the morning. I won’t be able to get out of bed. At least I can go home and have dinner and see my cats tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921682 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">He got permission to launch on the land owned by Albert Okura, who bought Amboy in 2005 for $435,000. Okura was in attendance and said the event lasted about three to four minutes. The rocket landed about 1,500 feet from the launch ramp, Stakes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mike branded us as ‘Rocket Town,’” Okura said. “It was amazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has been quite an undertaking for Hughes, who lives in Apple Valley, California. He’s seen a flurry of reaction to his plans, with detractors labeling him a crackpot for planning the launch in a homemade contraption and his belief that the world is flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some naysayers have posted things like “He’ll be fine” with a picture of Wile E. Coyote strapped to a rocket.[contextly_sidebar id=”s2Nqg4kPOmkz9e46nlR7mxJchPsN4sRo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope he doesn’t blow something up,” retired NASA astronaut Jerry Linenger said as Hughes’ plans captured widespread attention. Linenger orbited the globe more than 2,000 times during four months in 1997. “Rocketry, as our private space companies found out, isn’t as easy as it looks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hughes often sparred with his critics on social media leading up to the launch, through Facebook comments and a 12-minute video addressed to his doubters. He’s always maintained that his mission isn’t to prove the Earth is flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do I believe the Earth is shaped like a Frisbee? I believe it is,” he said. “Do I know for sure? No. That’s why I want to go up in space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s his project for down the road. He wants to build a “Rockoon,” a rocket that is carried into the atmosphere by a gas-filled balloon, then separated from the balloon and lit. This rocket would take Hughes about 68 miles up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has a documentary crew following him around to record his ambition, with a planned release in August.[contextly_sidebar id=”5929X1na4WjmRq40tT7oaBvvQFY5ffjT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was actually the second time he’s constructed and launched a rocket. He said he jumped on a private property in Winkelman, Arizona, on Jan. 30, 2014, and traveled 1,374 feet. He collapsed after that landing and needed three days to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there wasn’t any footage of him climbing into the craft, leading some to question whether he even took off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one was going to be shown online through Noize TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My story really is incredible,” Hughes said. “It’s got a bunch of story lines — the garage-built thing. I’m an older guy. It’s out in the middle of nowhere, plus the Flat Earth. The problem is it brings out all the nuts also, people questioning everything. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He finally went up — just like the self-taught rocket scientist always pledged he would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He came back down in one piece, too — a little dinged up and his steam-powered vessel a little cracked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, mission accomplished for a guy more daredevil than engineer, who drew more comparisons to the cartoon character Wile E. Coyote from his critics than he did to iconic stunt man Evel Knievel.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mad” Mike Hughes, the rocket man who believes the Earth is flat, propelled himself about 1,875 feet into the air Saturday before a hard landing in the Mojave Desert. He told The Associated Press that outside of an aching back he’s fine after the launch near Amboy, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Relieved,” he said after being checked out by paramedics. “I’m tired of people saying I chickened out and didn’t build a rocket. I’m tired of that stuff. I manned up and did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The launch in the desert town — about 200 miles (321.85 kilometers) east of Los Angeles — was originally scheduled in November. It was scrubbed several times due to logistical issues with the Bureau of Land Management and mechanical problems that kept popping up.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 61-year-old limo driver converted a mobile home into a ramp and modified it to launch from a vertical angle so he wouldn’t fall back to the ground on public land. For months he’s been working on overhauling his rocket in his garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looked like Saturday might be another in a string of cancellations, given that the wind was blowing and his rocket was losing steam. Ideally, they wanted it at 350 psi for maximum thrust, but it was dropping to 340.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told Mike we could try to keep charging it up and get it hotter,” said Waldo Stakes, who’s been helping Hughes with his endeavor. “He said, ‘No.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take-Off\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSometime after 3 p.m. PDT, and without a countdown, Hughes’ rocket soared into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hughes reached a speed that Stakes estimated to be around 350 mph before pulling his parachute. Hughes was dropping too fast, though, and he had to deploy a second one. He landed with a thud and the rocket’s nose broke in two places like it was designed to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing wants to kill you 10 different ways,” said Hughes, who had an altimeter in his cockpit to measure his altitude. “This thing will kill you in a heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Am I glad I did it? Yeah. I guess. I’ll feel it in the morning. I won’t be able to get out of bed. At least I can go home and have dinner and see my cats tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1921682 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/03/26685512_1722178971167770_4099876698236679329_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">He got permission to launch on the land owned by Albert Okura, who bought Amboy in 2005 for $435,000. Okura was in attendance and said the event lasted about three to four minutes. The rocket landed about 1,500 feet from the launch ramp, Stakes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mike branded us as ‘Rocket Town,’” Okura said. “It was amazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This has been quite an undertaking for Hughes, who lives in Apple Valley, California. He’s seen a flurry of reaction to his plans, with detractors labeling him a crackpot for planning the launch in a homemade contraption and his belief that the world is flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some naysayers have posted things like “He’ll be fine” with a picture of Wile E. Coyote strapped to a rocket.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope he doesn’t blow something up,” retired NASA astronaut Jerry Linenger said as Hughes’ plans captured widespread attention. Linenger orbited the globe more than 2,000 times during four months in 1997. “Rocketry, as our private space companies found out, isn’t as easy as it looks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hughes often sparred with his critics on social media leading up to the launch, through Facebook comments and a 12-minute video addressed to his doubters. He’s always maintained that his mission isn’t to prove the Earth is flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do I believe the Earth is shaped like a Frisbee? I believe it is,” he said. “Do I know for sure? No. That’s why I want to go up in space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s his project for down the road. He wants to build a “Rockoon,” a rocket that is carried into the atmosphere by a gas-filled balloon, then separated from the balloon and lit. This rocket would take Hughes about 68 miles up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has a documentary crew following him around to record his ambition, with a planned release in August.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was actually the second time he’s constructed and launched a rocket. He said he jumped on a private property in Winkelman, Arizona, on Jan. 30, 2014, and traveled 1,374 feet. He collapsed after that landing and needed three days to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there wasn’t any footage of him climbing into the craft, leading some to question whether he even took off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one was going to be shown online through Noize TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My story really is incredible,” Hughes said. “It’s got a bunch of story lines — the garage-built thing. I’m an older guy. It’s out in the middle of nowhere, plus the Flat Earth. The problem is it brings out all the nuts also, people questioning everything. It’s the downside of all this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His future plans are simple: Fill out the paperwork to run for governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is no joke,” Hughes said. “I want to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_73518 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_73518\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_73518\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity has now marked 2,000 days \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921142/coming-soon-to-a-planet-near-you-live-high-definition-video-from-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on the red planet.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s 2,000 days by Martian standards. A Martian sol, or solar day, is equivalent to 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds. So 2,000 days on Mars equal 2,055 days here on Earth.[contextly_sidebar id=”ejeTb7QB8zMSBTnREoHLcHJVYhkJBtEe”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, it’s a big milestone this week for scientists eager for \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity\u003c/a> to begin drilling again, this time into potentially clay-rich rocks on the slopes of Mount Sharp. The six-wheeled rover has traveled 11.6 miles since its arrival in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover Opportunity, though, has Curiosity beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, NASA’s busy Opportunity surpassed its 5,000 day on Mars. It’s been exploring Mars since 2004. NASA plans to send another robotic geologist to Mars in May. Named InSight, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1919368/nasas-insight-lander-takes-a-step-closer-to-a-may-launch-and-november-landing-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the lander will stay in one place\u003c/a> as a heat-measuring device burrows deep into the Martian terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiosity’s flight controllers, meanwhile, are testing a new drilling method. The rover’s drill stopped working properly in 2016, and so engineers devised another way to bore into Martian rocks and get the pulverized rock samples into the rover’s lab instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity has now marked 2,000 days \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921142/coming-soon-to-a-planet-near-you-live-high-definition-video-from-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on the red planet.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s 2,000 days by Martian standards. A Martian sol, or solar day, is equivalent to 24 hours, 39 minutes and 35 seconds. So 2,000 days on Mars equal 2,055 days here on Earth.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either way, it’s a big milestone this week for scientists eager for \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Curiosity\u003c/a> to begin drilling again, this time into potentially clay-rich rocks on the slopes of Mount Sharp. The six-wheeled rover has traveled 11.6 miles since its arrival in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover Opportunity, though, has Curiosity beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, NASA’s busy Opportunity surpassed its 5,000 day on Mars. It’s been exploring Mars since 2004. NASA plans to send another robotic geologist to Mars in May. Named InSight, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1919368/nasas-insight-lander-takes-a-step-closer-to-a-may-launch-and-november-landing-on-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the lander will stay in one place\u003c/a> as a heat-measuring device burrows deep into the Martian terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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