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"content": "\u003cp>On Monday, Chinese scientist He Jiankui announced in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th0vnOmFltc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a YouTube video\u003c/a> and via \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an interview\u003c/a> with the Associated Press that he had successfully used the pioneering gene-editing technique \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to genetically modify twin girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skepticism and criticism quickly followed. Here’s what you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1934954\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”CoIB3PmcN4ORRNheyYhk3WSf0CYYBhtO”]The researcher, He, claims to have altered a gene in the embryos, before implanting them in the mother’s womb, which made the twin babies resistant to infection from HIV. The father is HIV positive, and the girls were reportedly born at the beginning of November with no ill side effects. However, some scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/11/26/scientists-claim-gene-edited-babies-creates-uproar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have pointed out there are numerous existing interventions \u003c/a>to prevent HIV transmission to babies in the womb and it’s the mother’s HIV status that ultimately impacts transmission to the fetus (not the father’s) — which would make this gene modification unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has not published the research in any scientific journal and has not provided evidence of his work, outside of documents provided to the Associated Press. The family’s names are not being released. Though He is capable of the work, other genetic researchers are more advanced in the technique and have not moved forward with human gene editing because of ethical concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”hCd7B3qPXpvknbs0hH0h6QqtWg6K0W0B”]The announcement came the day before the start of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/2nd_summit/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong\u003c/a>, where these ethical concerns were set to be discussed and where He is scheduled to speak on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A graduate of Rice University and Stanford, He returned to China as part of a program to encourage the best and brightest scientists to come back to China. He is currently affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, though the university issued a statement saying he’s been on leave and this experiment was not conducted with their approval. The hospital cited on paperwork filed with Chinese authorities is now also disavowing any knowledge of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for more context, here’s what to read:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>YouTube and Associated Press: Straight from the source\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA good place to start is with He’s own words. In conjunction with the announcement, He published a series of promotional \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn_Elifynj3LrubPKHXecwQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube videos\u003c/a> explaining his claims in English and why he did what he says he did. He also gave \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an exclusive interview with the Associated Press\u003c/a> that offers some insight into his experiment and background. While the Associated Press raises questions about whether or not the experiment’s subjects knew what they were agreeing to, the story also quotes a hospital official as saying the research was ethical and cites a professor at Rice University as being involved in and supportive of the work. (That professor is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/27/health/gene-edited-babies-rice-investigates-professor/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now under investigation by the university\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”x6QyidWM1qDfRB5NmoCDvP6j7ITidPkK”]\u003cstrong>\u003cem>MIT Technology Review: An advance investigation \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough He unveiled his claims in dramatic fashion, it can be illuminating to read \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612458/exclusive-chinese-scientists-are-creating-crispr-babies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the MIT Technology Review investigation\u003c/a> that ran the day before He’s announcement. Reporters there had unearthed, on their own, the Chinese documents He filed in early November notifying authorities that a clinical trial was underway — though some documents were dated as early as March. The Review reporters also did background research into He and on recent scientific talks he’s given on the subject of gene editing. They noted he returned to China to found a DNA sequencing company called Direct Genomics, and had recently commissioned an opinion poll on the topic and had hired an American PR firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Response and statements from other scientists \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere has been a fairly critical outcry from scientists and the community involved in gene-editing research. An international conference on human genome editing in Hong Kong, which started the day after He’s announcement and at which he was scheduled to speak at a smaller talk, has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.genengnews.com/insights/crispr-baby-talk-shrouds-human-genome-editing-summit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overshadowed by concerns he jumped the ethical gun\u003c/a>. You can read \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2018/11/26/doudna-responds-to-claim-of-first-crispr-edited-babies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the statement from Dr. Jennifer Doudna\u003c/a>, the UC Berkeley professor who co-invented the technique. While response from the public within China has been more laudatory, 122 scientists issued \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2018/11/26/doudna-responds-to-claim-of-first-crispr-edited-babies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a joint statement on Weibo\u003c/a> (the Chinese social media platform). HarMoniCare Shenzhen Women and Children’s Hospital has also released \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612466/the-chinese-scientist-who-claims-he-made-crispr-babies-has-been-suspended-without-pay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a> that they do not believe they approved the procedure, despite records stating otherwise. It’s currently unclear where he carried out the research and who paid for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>A blogger raises questions\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>It can be difficult to get a sense of what’s being said in off-line conversations and behind the firewall in China. The blog, For Better Science, has \u003ca href=\"https://forbetterscience.com/2018/11/27/crispred-babies-in-china-a-growing-scandal/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aggregated international (including Chinese) comments and criticisms\u003c/a>, with translations. They also published a guest post that went through a number of original sources to point out inconsistencies and questions about the announcement. (Keep in mind, though, this is still a blog and not a formal publication.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Comprehensive criticism from STAT\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The most comprehensive overview of He’s background, statements, experiment, and the various criticisms of all of the above has come from \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/he-jiankui-gene-edited-babies-china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>. The publication, which also has reporters at the conference in Hong Kong and has long followed the progress of CRISPR, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/he-jiankui-gene-edited-babies-china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fairly in-depth look\u003c/a> into some of his previous speeches and work on the subject. That includes He’s urging for others to move slowly and patiently with gene-editing, and a call for “an open dialogue” when it comes to ethical concerns.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Monday, Chinese scientist He Jiankui announced in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th0vnOmFltc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a YouTube video\u003c/a> and via \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an interview\u003c/a> with the Associated Press that he had successfully used the pioneering gene-editing technique \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to genetically modify twin girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skepticism and criticism quickly followed. Here’s what you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1934954\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-768x510-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The researcher, He, claims to have altered a gene in the embryos, before implanting them in the mother’s womb, which made the twin babies resistant to infection from HIV. The father is HIV positive, and the girls were reportedly born at the beginning of November with no ill side effects. However, some scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/11/26/scientists-claim-gene-edited-babies-creates-uproar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have pointed out there are numerous existing interventions \u003c/a>to prevent HIV transmission to babies in the womb and it’s the mother’s HIV status that ultimately impacts transmission to the fetus (not the father’s) — which would make this gene modification unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has not published the research in any scientific journal and has not provided evidence of his work, outside of documents provided to the Associated Press. The family’s names are not being released. Though He is capable of the work, other genetic researchers are more advanced in the technique and have not moved forward with human gene editing because of ethical concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The announcement came the day before the start of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/2nd_summit/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Second International Summit on Human Genome Editing in Hong Kong\u003c/a>, where these ethical concerns were set to be discussed and where He is scheduled to speak on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A graduate of Rice University and Stanford, He returned to China as part of a program to encourage the best and brightest scientists to come back to China. He is currently affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, though the university issued a statement saying he’s been on leave and this experiment was not conducted with their approval. The hospital cited on paperwork filed with Chinese authorities is now also disavowing any knowledge of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for more context, here’s what to read:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>YouTube and Associated Press: Straight from the source\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA good place to start is with He’s own words. In conjunction with the announcement, He published a series of promotional \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn_Elifynj3LrubPKHXecwQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube videos\u003c/a> explaining his claims in English and why he did what he says he did. He also gave \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an exclusive interview with the Associated Press\u003c/a> that offers some insight into his experiment and background. While the Associated Press raises questions about whether or not the experiment’s subjects knew what they were agreeing to, the story also quotes a hospital official as saying the research was ethical and cites a professor at Rice University as being involved in and supportive of the work. (That professor is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/27/health/gene-edited-babies-rice-investigates-professor/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now under investigation by the university\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>MIT Technology Review: An advance investigation \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAlthough He unveiled his claims in dramatic fashion, it can be illuminating to read \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612458/exclusive-chinese-scientists-are-creating-crispr-babies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the MIT Technology Review investigation\u003c/a> that ran the day before He’s announcement. Reporters there had unearthed, on their own, the Chinese documents He filed in early November notifying authorities that a clinical trial was underway — though some documents were dated as early as March. The Review reporters also did background research into He and on recent scientific talks he’s given on the subject of gene editing. They noted he returned to China to found a DNA sequencing company called Direct Genomics, and had recently commissioned an opinion poll on the topic and had hired an American PR firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Response and statements from other scientists \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThere has been a fairly critical outcry from scientists and the community involved in gene-editing research. An international conference on human genome editing in Hong Kong, which started the day after He’s announcement and at which he was scheduled to speak at a smaller talk, has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.genengnews.com/insights/crispr-baby-talk-shrouds-human-genome-editing-summit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overshadowed by concerns he jumped the ethical gun\u003c/a>. You can read \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2018/11/26/doudna-responds-to-claim-of-first-crispr-edited-babies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the statement from Dr. Jennifer Doudna\u003c/a>, the UC Berkeley professor who co-invented the technique. While response from the public within China has been more laudatory, 122 scientists issued \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2018/11/26/doudna-responds-to-claim-of-first-crispr-edited-babies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a joint statement on Weibo\u003c/a> (the Chinese social media platform). HarMoniCare Shenzhen Women and Children’s Hospital has also released \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612466/the-chinese-scientist-who-claims-he-made-crispr-babies-has-been-suspended-without-pay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statement\u003c/a> that they do not believe they approved the procedure, despite records stating otherwise. It’s currently unclear where he carried out the research and who paid for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>A blogger raises questions\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>It can be difficult to get a sense of what’s being said in off-line conversations and behind the firewall in China. The blog, For Better Science, has \u003ca href=\"https://forbetterscience.com/2018/11/27/crispred-babies-in-china-a-growing-scandal/#comments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aggregated international (including Chinese) comments and criticisms\u003c/a>, with translations. They also published a guest post that went through a number of original sources to point out inconsistencies and questions about the announcement. (Keep in mind, though, this is still a blog and not a formal publication.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Comprehensive criticism from STAT\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The most comprehensive overview of He’s background, statements, experiment, and the various criticisms of all of the above has come from \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/he-jiankui-gene-edited-babies-china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>. The publication, which also has reporters at the conference in Hong Kong and has long followed the progress of CRISPR, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/26/he-jiankui-gene-edited-babies-china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fairly in-depth look\u003c/a> into some of his previous speeches and work on the subject. That includes He’s urging for others to move slowly and patiently with gene-editing, and a call for “an open dialogue” when it comes to ethical concerns.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Chinese Scientist Says He's First to Create Genetically Modified Babies Using CRISPR",
"headTitle": "Chinese Scientist Says He’s First to Create Genetically Modified Babies Using CRISPR | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated at 11:52 a.m. to add information about an ethics committee investigation into the DNA-editing experiment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, a scientist claims to have used a powerful new gene-editing technique to create genetically modified human babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientist, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sustc-genome.org.cn/\">He Jiankui \u003c/a>of the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China, says he used human embryos modified with the gene-editing technique \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to create twin girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Bg3RvL4c0cugPpkycfYJRPou7iSqojCI”]”Two beautiful little Chinese girls name Lulu and Nana came crying into the world as healthy as any other babies a few weeks ago,” He says in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th0vnOmFltc&app=desktop\">video \u003c/a>posted online. “The babies are home now with their mom Grace and their dad Mark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his team performed “gene surgery” on embryos created from their parents’ sperm and eggs to protect the children from the human immunodeficiency virus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/\">HIV\u003c/a>, which causes AIDS. The children’s father is HIV-positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aezxaOn0efE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When Lulu and Nana were just a single cell, this surgery removed a doorway through which HIV enter to infect people,” He says in the video, one of several \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn_Elifynj3LrubPKHXecwQ\">posted online\u003c/a> to justify and explain the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the research has not yet been published in a scientific journal or carefully vetted by other scientists, many researchers and bioethicists remain cautious about the claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if true, many said the move would be historic, comparing it to the birth of \u003ca href=\"https://www.louisejoybrown.com/\">Louise Brown\u003c/a>, the first baby created through in-vitro fertilization, IVF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This event might be analogous to Louise Brown in 1978,” wrote \u003ca href=\"http://arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/\">George Church\u003c/a>, a prominent Harvard geneticist, in an email. “Both anecdotal — yet healthy baby girls can have an impact,” Church wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, He is now facing \u003ca href=\"http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/f/2018-11-26/doc-ihmutuec3839378.shtml\">investigation\u003c/a> by a local medical ethics board to see whether his experiment broke Chinese laws or regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university where He worked issued a \u003ca href=\"http://sustc.edu.cn/en/info_focus/2871\">statement\u003c/a> that officials were “deeply shocked” by the experiment, which it stressed was conducted elsewhere. He, the statement says, has been on unpaid leave from the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Church and He are among hundreds of scientists gathering at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/2nd_summit/index.htm\">Second International Summit on Human Gene Editing\u003c/a> in Hong Kong. The summit was organized try to reach a global consensus on whether and how it would be ethical to create genetically modified human beings with CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims by He sparked immediate widespread criticism from attendees at the summit and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is a break from the cautious and transparent approach of the global scientific community’s application of CRISPR-Cas9 for human germline editing,” \u003ca href=\"http://doudnalab.org/\">Jennifer Doudna\u003c/a>, a biochemist at the University of California, Berkeley, said in an interview. Doudna helped discover CRISPR and organize the summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”lnQiNGycmxQjTqQV1wOUw35FnUBG9rgb”]”All of us that are here at this conference are struggling to figure out what was done and also whether the process was done properly. We just don’t know yet,” Doudna says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the claim “really reinforces the urgent need to confine the use of gene-editing in human embryos to settings where there’s a clear unmet medical need and where there’s no alternative viable approach,” says Doudna. She doesn’t think that is the case in this situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this was done to avoid HIV infection, there are alternative ways to prevent infection that are already effective,” Doudna says, such as “washing” the sperm of infected sperm donors to eliminate HIV. “Why would you use this instead of an already established approach?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their research, He and his colleagues say they used CRISPR to make changes in one-day old embryos in a gene called \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/CCR5\">CCR5\u003c/a>. The CCR5 gene enables HIV to enter and infect immune system cells. Scientists have long searched for ways to block this pathway to protect people from HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team say they used CRISPR to edit 16 embryos, and implanted 11 edited embryos into the wombs of women to attempt to create a viable pregnancy before the twin pregnancy was achieved, according to the Associated Press, which first \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d\">reported\u003c/a> He’s claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No gene was changed except the one to prevent HIV infection,” He says. The twins appear to be healthy, and underwent detailed genetic analysis. “This verified the gene surgery worked safely,” He says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”urk3wEQvdunegrn3zKMTD314F18dp2fZ”]Nevertheless, other scientists questioned whether the editing really worked, and argue that it is far too soon for the team to try the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is premature at this stage of technology,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/people/shoukhrat-mitalipov/2D760207FF014335B07EC30F3818652F\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Ore. Mitalipov was the first scientist to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/18/543769759/a-first-look-inside-the-lab-where-scientists-are-editing-dna-in-human-embryos\">report\u003c/a> using CRISPR to successfully edit human embryos, but stopped far short of trying to use them to make babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I appreciate the global threat posed by HIV, at this stage, the risks of editing embryos to knock out CCR5 seem to outweigh the potential benefits,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/feng-zhang\">Feng Zhang\u003c/a>, a CRISPR pioneer at MIT. Zhang noted that knocking out the CCR5 gene “will likely render a person much more susceptible for West Nile Virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR enables scientists to make very precise changes in DNA much more easily than ever before. As a result, it’s revolutionizing scientific research and raising high hopes for major breakthroughs, including preventing and treating many diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But making changes in human DNA that could be passed down for generations has long been considered off-limits. One reason is that a mistake could introduce a new disease that could be passed down for generations. Another is that it could open the door to “designer babies” — children that are modified for nonmedical reasons, such as to be taller, stronger or smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s true as reported, then it’s an extremely premature and questionable experiment in creating genetically modified children,” agrees \u003ca href=\"http://www.bioethicsinstitute.org/people/jeffrey-kahn-4\">Jeffrey Kahn\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics attending the Hong Kong summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the development of CRISPR has prompted some scientists to rethink that prohibition for medical purposes. And researchers around the world have been racing to determine how it could be done safely. Many scientists believe it is inevitable, but should be restricted to situations where no alternative is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If true, this amounts to unethical and reckless experimentation on human beings, and a grave abuse of human rights,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetic watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throwing open the door to a society of genetic haves and have-nots undermines our chances for a fair and just future,” Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese researcher He acknowledges his work could spark criticism, but defends the step. “I understand my work will be controversial,” he says. “But I believe families need this technology. And I am willing to take the criticism for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story was updated at 11:52 a.m. to add information about an ethics committee investigation into the DNA-editing experiment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, a scientist claims to have used a powerful new gene-editing technique to create genetically modified human babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientist, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sustc-genome.org.cn/\">He Jiankui \u003c/a>of the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen, China, says he used human embryos modified with the gene-editing technique \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to create twin girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”Two beautiful little Chinese girls name Lulu and Nana came crying into the world as healthy as any other babies a few weeks ago,” He says in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=th0vnOmFltc&app=desktop\">video \u003c/a>posted online. “The babies are home now with their mom Grace and their dad Mark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his team performed “gene surgery” on embryos created from their parents’ sperm and eggs to protect the children from the human immunodeficiency virus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/\">HIV\u003c/a>, which causes AIDS. The children’s father is HIV-positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aezxaOn0efE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aezxaOn0efE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“When Lulu and Nana were just a single cell, this surgery removed a doorway through which HIV enter to infect people,” He says in the video, one of several \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCn_Elifynj3LrubPKHXecwQ\">posted online\u003c/a> to justify and explain the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the research has not yet been published in a scientific journal or carefully vetted by other scientists, many researchers and bioethicists remain cautious about the claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if true, many said the move would be historic, comparing it to the birth of \u003ca href=\"https://www.louisejoybrown.com/\">Louise Brown\u003c/a>, the first baby created through in-vitro fertilization, IVF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This event might be analogous to Louise Brown in 1978,” wrote \u003ca href=\"http://arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/\">George Church\u003c/a>, a prominent Harvard geneticist, in an email. “Both anecdotal — yet healthy baby girls can have an impact,” Church wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, He is now facing \u003ca href=\"http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/f/2018-11-26/doc-ihmutuec3839378.shtml\">investigation\u003c/a> by a local medical ethics board to see whether his experiment broke Chinese laws or regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university where He worked issued a \u003ca href=\"http://sustc.edu.cn/en/info_focus/2871\">statement\u003c/a> that officials were “deeply shocked” by the experiment, which it stressed was conducted elsewhere. He, the statement says, has been on unpaid leave from the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Church and He are among hundreds of scientists gathering at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/2nd_summit/index.htm\">Second International Summit on Human Gene Editing\u003c/a> in Hong Kong. The summit was organized try to reach a global consensus on whether and how it would be ethical to create genetically modified human beings with CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims by He sparked immediate widespread criticism from attendees at the summit and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This work is a break from the cautious and transparent approach of the global scientific community’s application of CRISPR-Cas9 for human germline editing,” \u003ca href=\"http://doudnalab.org/\">Jennifer Doudna\u003c/a>, a biochemist at the University of California, Berkeley, said in an interview. Doudna helped discover CRISPR and organize the summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”All of us that are here at this conference are struggling to figure out what was done and also whether the process was done properly. We just don’t know yet,” Doudna says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the claim “really reinforces the urgent need to confine the use of gene-editing in human embryos to settings where there’s a clear unmet medical need and where there’s no alternative viable approach,” says Doudna. She doesn’t think that is the case in this situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this was done to avoid HIV infection, there are alternative ways to prevent infection that are already effective,” Doudna says, such as “washing” the sperm of infected sperm donors to eliminate HIV. “Why would you use this instead of an already established approach?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their research, He and his colleagues say they used CRISPR to make changes in one-day old embryos in a gene called \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/CCR5\">CCR5\u003c/a>. The CCR5 gene enables HIV to enter and infect immune system cells. Scientists have long searched for ways to block this pathway to protect people from HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team say they used CRISPR to edit 16 embryos, and implanted 11 edited embryos into the wombs of women to attempt to create a viable pregnancy before the twin pregnancy was achieved, according to the Associated Press, which first \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4997bb7aa36c45449b488e19ac83e86d\">reported\u003c/a> He’s claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No gene was changed except the one to prevent HIV infection,” He says. The twins appear to be healthy, and underwent detailed genetic analysis. “This verified the gene surgery worked safely,” He says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Nevertheless, other scientists questioned whether the editing really worked, and argue that it is far too soon for the team to try the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is premature at this stage of technology,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/people/shoukhrat-mitalipov/2D760207FF014335B07EC30F3818652F\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Ore. Mitalipov was the first scientist to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/18/543769759/a-first-look-inside-the-lab-where-scientists-are-editing-dna-in-human-embryos\">report\u003c/a> using CRISPR to successfully edit human embryos, but stopped far short of trying to use them to make babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts agree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I appreciate the global threat posed by HIV, at this stage, the risks of editing embryos to knock out CCR5 seem to outweigh the potential benefits,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/feng-zhang\">Feng Zhang\u003c/a>, a CRISPR pioneer at MIT. Zhang noted that knocking out the CCR5 gene “will likely render a person much more susceptible for West Nile Virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR enables scientists to make very precise changes in DNA much more easily than ever before. As a result, it’s revolutionizing scientific research and raising high hopes for major breakthroughs, including preventing and treating many diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But making changes in human DNA that could be passed down for generations has long been considered off-limits. One reason is that a mistake could introduce a new disease that could be passed down for generations. Another is that it could open the door to “designer babies” — children that are modified for nonmedical reasons, such as to be taller, stronger or smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s true as reported, then it’s an extremely premature and questionable experiment in creating genetically modified children,” agrees \u003ca href=\"http://www.bioethicsinstitute.org/people/jeffrey-kahn-4\">Jeffrey Kahn\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics attending the Hong Kong summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the development of CRISPR has prompted some scientists to rethink that prohibition for medical purposes. And researchers around the world have been racing to determine how it could be done safely. Many scientists believe it is inevitable, but should be restricted to situations where no alternative is available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If true, this amounts to unethical and reckless experimentation on human beings, and a grave abuse of human rights,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetic watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throwing open the door to a society of genetic haves and have-nots undermines our chances for a fair and just future,” Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese researcher He acknowledges his work could spark criticism, but defends the step. “I understand my work will be controversial,” he says. “But I believe families need this technology. And I am willing to take the criticism for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The New Abnormal: Climate Effects on the Fire Season Are Just Beginning",
"headTitle": "The New Abnormal: Climate Effects on the Fire Season Are Just Beginning | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke was back in Butte County this week, after blaming California’s horrific fire season on \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-fires-zinke-paradise-forest-trump-20181119-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“radical environmentalists,”\u003c/a> a stance he appeared to soften in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/opinions/wildfire-prevention-goes-hand-in-hand-with-creating-jobs-zinke/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent editorial\u003c/a> for CNN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his search for causes and solutions, Zinke does concede the “warm temperatures,” though he’s still reticent to utter the words “climate change” as a contributing factor. On a return visit to the ongoing Camp Fire recovery Monday, Zinke said he’d rather spend federal dollars on thinning forests and improving parks than on repeatedly rebuilding fire-ravaged towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year was California’s most destructive fire season — until this year. The Golden State is in the midst of what Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UCLA and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, calls “a multi-year fire siege.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s hard to point to climate change as the distinct cause of any individual fire, Swain calls it a “threat multiplier,” which means climate change has lead to conditions that make extreme fires more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s science editor Craig Miller and Swain joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101868240/how-climate-change-helped-create-californias-fire-siege\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> recently to talk about the impact of climate change on wildfires and what we can expect in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Abnormal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the wake of Butte County’s Camp Fire, the most devastating on record in California, Gov. Jerry Brown decided to revise a common phrase he’s used before, that this is the “new normal.” Instead, “We’re in a new abnormal,” he said. “This new abnormal will continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller noted that this actually channels an ongoing conversation happening at KQED about using the phrase, “the new normal.” That phrase, he said, “misses the point.” There is no normal when it comes to climate change, or rather we don’t know what the normal is when we try to plan. It’s not just a steady move toward hotter and drier, but rather wild swings in all directions, creating more intense and changing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ask the Right Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Are these fires definitely a result of climate change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain says that’s not the right question. Generally, it never makes sense to attribute a single cause to complex natural events. “It’s a really hard thing to do from a scientific perspective,” he said. Multiple factors lead to a particular fire at a specific time and location. The broader question is: are wildfire disasters of this magnitude significantly more likely due to the fact that the climate is changing? “The answer to that is definitely yes,” said Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This risk-based approach makes more sense for how we frame these issues and how we plan for disasters — by asking what is the likelihood of increasing dangerous conditions? And that likelihood is absolutely going up, according to Swain and most other scientists who have studied the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Longer Fire Season, Shorter Rainy Season\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although autumn precipitation in California tends not to be a large portion of the overall amount of rain in a given year, it has an out-sized influence on fire season, said Swain. Early-season rain, at the end of a hot, dry summer, is “really consequential from a wildfire and an ecological perspective,” he said. Even just one or two inches moistens the soil column and lets the dry vegetation recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That rain usually marks the end of fire season and this year, almost up to Thanksgiving, as the Camp and Woolsey Fires were raging north and south, that fire-season ending rain had yet to fall anywhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really, really late,” said Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an emerging trend toward drier autumns throughout the state, which Swain expects to continue. He expects, in the future, to see a further contraction of the rainy season, not necessarily less rain overall, but longer dry conditions into fall and dry conditions beginning earlier in the spring, essentially “burning the candle at both ends,” as he put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason autumn precipitation is important is because offshore winds peak late in autumn (not just the legendary Santa Ana winds of Southern California, but all up and down the state). If the rainy season comes later and later, with months of drying time, peak fire season could shift to later in the year, when these strong winds occur. Both the Camp Fire and the Woolsey Fire were driven by strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s Getting Warmer and Drier\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, it has a profound effect on how much moisture is in the vegetation. There’s something called the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapour-pressure_deficit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vapor pressure deficit\u003c/a>, which is the propensity of warmer atmospheres to suck water out of living plants. This increases exponentially even as temperatures go up in linear fashion. That means even a few degrees increase in the temperature can make the vegetation much drier and more susceptible to fire, particularly if the dry vegetation coincides with a longer warmer fire season and the strong late-autumn winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these factors combine to increase the chances of dangerous fire conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There Hope?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The California’s recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fourth Climate Change Assessment\u003c/a> projected that, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the state could see large fires increase by half and the total acreage burned increase by about 77%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see this play out right in front of us,” said Miller. Swain took that pessimistic prediction a step further, noting the current fire situation is merely a hint of what’s to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only just beginning this trend towards longer fire seasons, more severe fire seasons, hotter summers, wilder precipitation whiplash,” said Swain, the last a reference to seasons that whipsaw from wet to dry, or vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also a large number of people who have moved into areas that are at risk. Across the U.S., said Miller, there are 100 million people living in what’s known as the wildland-urban-interface — areas just like Paradise that exist on the edges of rural forests and remote wildland. This means there are more people than ever before in harm’s way, setting the stage for more catastrophic fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news, said Miller, is there are some technologies that could help in the future: remote stationary sensors that can observe conditions, drones that can monitor potential danger and pinpoint where we’re likely to have outbreaks, even nontoxic gels that can be applied to vegetation in advance of a fire to act as a retardant.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Interior secretary says he'd rather spend federal dollars on thinning forests than on rebuilding fire-ravaged towns.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke was back in Butte County this week, after blaming California’s horrific fire season on \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-california-fires-zinke-paradise-forest-trump-20181119-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“radical environmentalists,”\u003c/a> a stance he appeared to soften in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/26/opinions/wildfire-prevention-goes-hand-in-hand-with-creating-jobs-zinke/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent editorial\u003c/a> for CNN.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his search for causes and solutions, Zinke does concede the “warm temperatures,” though he’s still reticent to utter the words “climate change” as a contributing factor. On a return visit to the ongoing Camp Fire recovery Monday, Zinke said he’d rather spend federal dollars on thinning forests and improving parks than on repeatedly rebuilding fire-ravaged towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year was California’s most destructive fire season — until this year. The Golden State is in the midst of what Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with UCLA and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, calls “a multi-year fire siege.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s hard to point to climate change as the distinct cause of any individual fire, Swain calls it a “threat multiplier,” which means climate change has lead to conditions that make extreme fires more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s science editor Craig Miller and Swain joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101868240/how-climate-change-helped-create-californias-fire-siege\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> recently to talk about the impact of climate change on wildfires and what we can expect in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The New Abnormal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the wake of Butte County’s Camp Fire, the most devastating on record in California, Gov. Jerry Brown decided to revise a common phrase he’s used before, that this is the “new normal.” Instead, “We’re in a new abnormal,” he said. “This new abnormal will continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller noted that this actually channels an ongoing conversation happening at KQED about using the phrase, “the new normal.” That phrase, he said, “misses the point.” There is no normal when it comes to climate change, or rather we don’t know what the normal is when we try to plan. It’s not just a steady move toward hotter and drier, but rather wild swings in all directions, creating more intense and changing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ask the Right Questions\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Are these fires definitely a result of climate change?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain says that’s not the right question. Generally, it never makes sense to attribute a single cause to complex natural events. “It’s a really hard thing to do from a scientific perspective,” he said. Multiple factors lead to a particular fire at a specific time and location. The broader question is: are wildfire disasters of this magnitude significantly more likely due to the fact that the climate is changing? “The answer to that is definitely yes,” said Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This risk-based approach makes more sense for how we frame these issues and how we plan for disasters — by asking what is the likelihood of increasing dangerous conditions? And that likelihood is absolutely going up, according to Swain and most other scientists who have studied the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Longer Fire Season, Shorter Rainy Season\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Although autumn precipitation in California tends not to be a large portion of the overall amount of rain in a given year, it has an out-sized influence on fire season, said Swain. Early-season rain, at the end of a hot, dry summer, is “really consequential from a wildfire and an ecological perspective,” he said. Even just one or two inches moistens the soil column and lets the dry vegetation recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That rain usually marks the end of fire season and this year, almost up to Thanksgiving, as the Camp and Woolsey Fires were raging north and south, that fire-season ending rain had yet to fall anywhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really, really late,” said Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is an emerging trend toward drier autumns throughout the state, which Swain expects to continue. He expects, in the future, to see a further contraction of the rainy season, not necessarily less rain overall, but longer dry conditions into fall and dry conditions beginning earlier in the spring, essentially “burning the candle at both ends,” as he put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason autumn precipitation is important is because offshore winds peak late in autumn (not just the legendary Santa Ana winds of Southern California, but all up and down the state). If the rainy season comes later and later, with months of drying time, peak fire season could shift to later in the year, when these strong winds occur. Both the Camp Fire and the Woolsey Fire were driven by strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>California’s Getting Warmer and Drier\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, it has a profound effect on how much moisture is in the vegetation. There’s something called the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapour-pressure_deficit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vapor pressure deficit\u003c/a>, which is the propensity of warmer atmospheres to suck water out of living plants. This increases exponentially even as temperatures go up in linear fashion. That means even a few degrees increase in the temperature can make the vegetation much drier and more susceptible to fire, particularly if the dry vegetation coincides with a longer warmer fire season and the strong late-autumn winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these factors combine to increase the chances of dangerous fire conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Is There Hope?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The California’s recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateassessment.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fourth Climate Change Assessment\u003c/a> projected that, if greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the state could see large fires increase by half and the total acreage burned increase by about 77%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see this play out right in front of us,” said Miller. Swain took that pessimistic prediction a step further, noting the current fire situation is merely a hint of what’s to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only just beginning this trend towards longer fire seasons, more severe fire seasons, hotter summers, wilder precipitation whiplash,” said Swain, the last a reference to seasons that whipsaw from wet to dry, or vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are also a large number of people who have moved into areas that are at risk. Across the U.S., said Miller, there are 100 million people living in what’s known as the wildland-urban-interface — areas just like Paradise that exist on the edges of rural forests and remote wildland. This means there are more people than ever before in harm’s way, setting the stage for more catastrophic fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news, said Miller, is there are some technologies that could help in the future: remote stationary sensors that can observe conditions, drones that can monitor potential danger and pinpoint where we’re likely to have outbreaks, even nontoxic gels that can be applied to vegetation in advance of a fire to act as a retardant.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This year’s list of \u003ca href=\"http://s3.amazonaws.com/rhodesscholars-fileshare/final_winners_bios_2018.pdf\">Rhodes Scholars\u003c/a> is remarkable for many reasons. Almost two-thirds of the recipients are women and nearly half are first-generation Americans or immigrants. But one scholarship winner in particular made history this year. Harvard University student Jin Park has become the first recipient of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/548754723/5-things-you-should-know-about-daca\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a> — DACA — to earn a prestigious Rhodes Scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s important to keep the focus on some of these bigger questions: Who belongs in America? Who is American?\u003ccite>Jin Park, Harvard\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Park, 22, arrived in New York City with his parents from South Korea when he was 7 years old and grew up in Queens, N.Y. Park is currently a senior at Harvard working toward a degree in molecular and cellular biology with a minor in ethnicity, migration and rights. Thanks to the Rhodes Scholarship, Park will continue his studies at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve proposed two master’s degrees for my studies at Oxford: one in migration studies, the other in global health science and epidemiology,” Park says. “I want to do those two degrees and come back and hopefully work in the context of public health department … [to] implement evidence-based policies to improve and work on immigrant health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Scott Simon spoke with Park about what the scholarship means to him and to other DACA recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Simon: What does this scholarship mean to you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jin Park:\u003c/strong> It means to me personally a lot because growing up as an undocumented person in New York City, I’ve had a lot of formative experiences around particularly how my parents were treated at the face of the law and how I personally experienced some of these social institutions. And so, these experiences as a childhood informed a lot of the ways that I wanted to use my talents for the world. And so having this opportunity for me is really meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You were a speaker at the 2018 Harvard Class Day. I want to read you your words as I read them: “If you’ve ever eaten at a Korean Restaurant or received a mani-pedi in New York City, congratulations. Like it or not, you may have partially subsidized the education of what Fox News would call an illegal alien.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, my dad works as a line cook and restaurant and my mom worked in beauty salons her entire life. So, kind of watching my parents do that combined with also seeing my parents get denied health care, access to health care, health insurance, those experiences have informed the fact that if you’re an undocumented person in America, you don’t really have a full shot at full opportunity. So that’s kind of what I wanted to impart to my classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you feel about this country?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strangely, I feel really optimistic. I think regardless of the occupant of the White House, it’s important to keep the focus on some of these bigger questions — who belongs in America? Who is American? And who are we going to provide the full benefits of membership in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are really big, almost theoretical questions that are going to remain. The answers are going to be necessary even after the current occupant leaves the White House. So, I think the real implications of the answers to these questions are important. They have genuine real consequences for immigrants. So, I think that’s where we really have to to keep the focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You have words for other DACA recipients who might be anxious about what’s going on in this country now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest thing that I’d say is understand your roots, stay true to your roots. I think it’s real important to really understand where you’re coming from, understand who your peers are, who your community is, who you want to serve, because going forward I think that’s where you draw your strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I draw my strength, personally, from visiting my dad in the restaurant and kind of touching his hand and feeling the blisters and the roughness of his hands and that always reminds me that I have to keep the focus on our community. That’s where I have to always come back. So that’s the kind of advice that I’d give: Stay true to your roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+Jin+Park%2C+The+First+DACA+Recipient+Awarded+A+Rhodes+Scholarship&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year’s list of \u003ca href=\"http://s3.amazonaws.com/rhodesscholars-fileshare/final_winners_bios_2018.pdf\">Rhodes Scholars\u003c/a> is remarkable for many reasons. Almost two-thirds of the recipients are women and nearly half are first-generation Americans or immigrants. But one scholarship winner in particular made history this year. Harvard University student Jin Park has become the first recipient of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/548754723/5-things-you-should-know-about-daca\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a> — DACA — to earn a prestigious Rhodes Scholarship.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s important to keep the focus on some of these bigger questions: Who belongs in America? Who is American?\u003ccite>Jin Park, Harvard\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Park, 22, arrived in New York City with his parents from South Korea when he was 7 years old and grew up in Queens, N.Y. Park is currently a senior at Harvard working toward a degree in molecular and cellular biology with a minor in ethnicity, migration and rights. Thanks to the Rhodes Scholarship, Park will continue his studies at the University of Oxford in Oxford, England next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve proposed two master’s degrees for my studies at Oxford: one in migration studies, the other in global health science and epidemiology,” Park says. “I want to do those two degrees and come back and hopefully work in the context of public health department … [to] implement evidence-based policies to improve and work on immigrant health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Scott Simon spoke with Park about what the scholarship means to him and to other DACA recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Simon: What does this scholarship mean to you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jin Park:\u003c/strong> It means to me personally a lot because growing up as an undocumented person in New York City, I’ve had a lot of formative experiences around particularly how my parents were treated at the face of the law and how I personally experienced some of these social institutions. And so, these experiences as a childhood informed a lot of the ways that I wanted to use my talents for the world. And so having this opportunity for me is really meaningful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You were a speaker at the 2018 Harvard Class Day. I want to read you your words as I read them: “If you’ve ever eaten at a Korean Restaurant or received a mani-pedi in New York City, congratulations. Like it or not, you may have partially subsidized the education of what Fox News would call an illegal alien.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, my dad works as a line cook and restaurant and my mom worked in beauty salons her entire life. So, kind of watching my parents do that combined with also seeing my parents get denied health care, access to health care, health insurance, those experiences have informed the fact that if you’re an undocumented person in America, you don’t really have a full shot at full opportunity. So that’s kind of what I wanted to impart to my classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you feel about this country?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strangely, I feel really optimistic. I think regardless of the occupant of the White House, it’s important to keep the focus on some of these bigger questions — who belongs in America? Who is American? And who are we going to provide the full benefits of membership in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are really big, almost theoretical questions that are going to remain. The answers are going to be necessary even after the current occupant leaves the White House. So, I think the real implications of the answers to these questions are important. They have genuine real consequences for immigrants. So, I think that’s where we really have to to keep the focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You have words for other DACA recipients who might be anxious about what’s going on in this country now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest thing that I’d say is understand your roots, stay true to your roots. I think it’s real important to really understand where you’re coming from, understand who your peers are, who your community is, who you want to serve, because going forward I think that’s where you draw your strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I draw my strength, personally, from visiting my dad in the restaurant and kind of touching his hand and feeling the blisters and the roughness of his hands and that always reminds me that I have to keep the focus on our community. That’s where I have to always come back. So that’s the kind of advice that I’d give: Stay true to your roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+Jin+Park%2C+The+First+DACA+Recipient+Awarded+A+Rhodes+Scholarship&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "WATCH: Live Coverage of Mars InSight Landing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGD_YF64Nwk&w=663&h=398]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 7:30 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phew! Took a little while but we have word now that InSight’s solar panels are open and collecting sunlight. This solar-powered robot is ready for action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Aaah…soaking up the Sun with my solar panels. 🌞 After a long flight, and thrilling \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a>, it feels great to get a good stretch and recharge my batteries. (Like, literally.) It’s just what I’ll need to really start getting in tune with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\">https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/LpsiI0KNNz\">pic.twitter.com/LpsiI0KNNz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067258215501447168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Data from Odyssey indicate \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a>’s solar arrays are open and batteries are charging. The transmission also included this view from the instrument deployment camera, showing the seismometer (left), grapple (center) and robotic arm (right): \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yZqPextm89\">https://t.co/yZqPextm89\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/2kBHT5caGS\">pic.twitter.com/2kBHT5caGS\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL/status/1067255524335345665?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In all, it was a big day for InSight, its team and its fans, both those on Earth and off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> team got a special congratulations from the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Space_Station\u003c/a> today! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qoZHtkYT9w\">pic.twitter.com/qoZHtkYT9w\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jim Bridenstine (@JimBridenstine) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1067205108713193474?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:50 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nBen Burress, Chabot Staff Astronomer and KQED’s space blogger, gives us an overview of the day and a preview of what’s ahead for InSight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">As we wait for InSight’s next check in (confirming if the solar arrays are deployed OK) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a>‘s Ben Burress looks ahead to what’s next for the mission. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SF3gdjszVO\">pic.twitter.com/SF3gdjszVO\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067158328847949824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And, that’s it for now folks! Later today we’ll update once NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter confirms that InSight’s solar arrays have deployed. This may happen around 5:35 p.m. Pacific, but could be many hours after that. Once the solar panels are out, the two-year surface phase of this mission has officially begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:05 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots to celebrate for the Mars InSight team. The lander still has a bit more work to do. Later today, once the dust its kicked up settles, it’ll unfurl its twin solar panel arrays and check in again with home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:59 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSight sends its first picture home, relayed by the MarCO satellites. Picture a little obscured by dust, but clearly shows the horizon of the red planet (and it has a lander leg in it).\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My first picture on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>! My lens cover isn’t off yet, but I just had to show you a first look at my new home. More status updates:\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\">https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/G15bJjMYxa\">pic.twitter.com/G15bJjMYxa\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067147649386598400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:55 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight has landed! TOUCHDOWN CONFIRMED. Fans around the world erupt. Lots of fist bumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">YESSSSSSS SUCCESSFUL \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> landing for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsInSight?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsInSight\u003c/a>! WOOOOOOO!!! \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\">https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Adam Becker (@FreelanceAstro) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FreelanceAstro/status/1067145092996059136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>InSight now has a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I feel you, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> – and soon I’ll know your heart. With this safe landing, I’m here. I’m home.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\">https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067144560139063296?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:54 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parachute is working! Hoots and claps from mission control and space fans at Chabot. All good news so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:50 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight is now experiencing peak heat. Stay cool up there! Next step will be the parachute deployment. Travelling at 1,000 meters per second. Audience at Chabot is holding their breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:48 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nENTRY! The lander has entered the atmosphere. Now it will slow down as it approaches the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:42 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe lander has separated from the spacecraft that carried it millions of miles away from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> is no longer cruising…it’s diving in. Five minutes to go until atmospheric entry. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067141484485332992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The lander is now steering itself. Star Tracker software turned off and InSight is going in. T-20 till land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">WOOHOO BENT PIPE HAS BEGUN! this means that MarCo’s are both working as hoped and will begin relaying the EDL data. OMG. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PopSci?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@PopSci\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Shannon Stirone (@shannonmstirone) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/shannonmstirone/status/1067139987567632384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Update from Mission Control: Both CubeSats and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have checked in and all seems good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious about the instruments aboard InSight? They’re the product of teams from the U.S., France and Germany. \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1934850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1200x675.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-520x293.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight is the first mission to investigate the interior of Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:15 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s livestream from mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has started. Peanuts, a tradition to bring good luck to landings, are being passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Here be peanuts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAJPL\u003c/a> mission control. Never try to land a spacecraft without ‘em. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\">https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/c10XE5yFdG\">pic.twitter.com/c10XE5yFdG\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067133323401523201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s theater is almost full with members of the public, like the Crawford’s of Hayward who brought their young daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Lots of families here \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a> to watch the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> lander. Erica & Steven Crawford of Hayward brought their planetary-enthusiast daughter Stefanie. Stefanie likes Mars, but says her favorite planet is Neptune. She wants to be an astronaut when she grows up. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pE4fOtrnl5\">pic.twitter.com/pE4fOtrnl5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067134235893411840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 10:30 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the minutes ticking down till Mars InSight’s anticipated landing at 12:00 p.m. Pacific, KQED Science is ready to bring you up-to-the-minute information on the mission. We’ll embed the live feed from mission control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. And we’ll bring you the scene from the \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing party at the Chabot Observatory\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are you watching the landing? Tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqedscience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@KQEDScience\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@DanielleVenton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More About InSight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>First, some background on the mission. This is the first mission to land on Mars since 2012, when the Curiosity rover touched down. Unlike that landing, with its novel, high-risk innovations (remember the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/30jul_skycrane/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sky crane\u003c/a>‘?), InSight is landing using tried-and-true technology. The landing sequence will be similar to past missions, such as NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three main stages of landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Entering the Atmosphere:\u003c/strong> Small rockets will direct the spacecraft toward the surface. The rockets must maintain a precise 12-degree angle to prevent InSight from either burning up or bouncing off the planet’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parachute Descent:\u003c/strong> The spacecraft will cast off its heat shield (a protective covering), release a parachute to slow down, and extend its three, shock-absorbing landing legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Powered Descent:\u003c/strong> A dozen engines, known as retro rockets, will begin firing to help the lander set down gently on the Martian soil — its new permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more info? See the sidebar above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anything going wrong at any one of these steps could cause this $830-million dollar mission to crash, burn up or bounce off back into space. But at the moment, all seems ready for a smooth landing. Yesterday InSight’s engineers made a final flight path tweak to maneuver the spacecraft over its targeted entry point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">It’s almost time! In less than 15 hours, I’ll plunge through the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Martian?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Martian\u003c/a> atmosphere. But before I do, my team tweaked my flight path one last time to ensure I’m on track for my \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> tomorrow. Read: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\">https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/HiejIwCoHb\">pic.twitter.com/HiejIwCoHb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1066916095125204993?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "KQED Science is following the Mars InSight landing closely. This will be the first time since 2012 a new spacecraft touches down on the Red Planet. ",
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"description": "KQED Science is following the Mars InSight landing closely. This will be the first time since 2012 a new spacecraft touches down on the Red Planet. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bGD_YF64Nwk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bGD_YF64Nwk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 7:30 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phew! Took a little while but we have word now that InSight’s solar panels are open and collecting sunlight. This solar-powered robot is ready for action. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Aaah…soaking up the Sun with my solar panels. 🌞 After a long flight, and thrilling \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a>, it feels great to get a good stretch and recharge my batteries. (Like, literally.) It’s just what I’ll need to really start getting in tune with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\">https://t.co/yse3VEst3G\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/LpsiI0KNNz\">pic.twitter.com/LpsiI0KNNz\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067258215501447168?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Data from Odyssey indicate \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a>’s solar arrays are open and batteries are charging. The transmission also included this view from the instrument deployment camera, showing the seismometer (left), grapple (center) and robotic arm (right): \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/yZqPextm89\">https://t.co/yZqPextm89\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/2kBHT5caGS\">pic.twitter.com/2kBHT5caGS\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASA JPL (@NASAJPL) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL/status/1067255524335345665?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 27, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In all, it was a big day for InSight, its team and its fans, both those on Earth and off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">The \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> team got a special congratulations from the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Space_Station?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Space_Station\u003c/a> today! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/qoZHtkYT9w\">pic.twitter.com/qoZHtkYT9w\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jim Bridenstine (@JimBridenstine) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1067205108713193474?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:50 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nBen Burress, Chabot Staff Astronomer and KQED’s space blogger, gives us an overview of the day and a preview of what’s ahead for InSight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">As we wait for InSight’s next check in (confirming if the solar arrays are deployed OK) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a>‘s Ben Burress looks ahead to what’s next for the mission. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/SF3gdjszVO\">pic.twitter.com/SF3gdjszVO\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067158328847949824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And, that’s it for now folks! Later today we’ll update once NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter confirms that InSight’s solar arrays have deployed. This may happen around 5:35 p.m. Pacific, but could be many hours after that. Once the solar panels are out, the two-year surface phase of this mission has officially begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 12:05 p.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots to celebrate for the Mars InSight team. The lander still has a bit more work to do. Later today, once the dust its kicked up settles, it’ll unfurl its twin solar panel arrays and check in again with home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:59 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>InSight sends its first picture home, relayed by the MarCO satellites. Picture a little obscured by dust, but clearly shows the horizon of the red planet (and it has a lander leg in it).\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">My first picture on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>! My lens cover isn’t off yet, but I just had to show you a first look at my new home. More status updates:\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\">https://t.co/tYcLE3tkkS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/G15bJjMYxa\">pic.twitter.com/G15bJjMYxa\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067147649386598400?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:55 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight has landed! TOUCHDOWN CONFIRMED. Fans around the world erupt. Lots of fist bumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">YESSSSSSS SUCCESSFUL \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> landing for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsInSight?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsInSight\u003c/a>! WOOOOOOO!!! \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\">https://t.co/WLXnl2E0ms\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Adam Becker (@FreelanceAstro) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FreelanceAstro/status/1067145092996059136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>InSight now has a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I feel you, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a> – and soon I’ll know your heart. With this safe landing, I’m here. I’m home.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\">https://t.co/auhFdfiUMg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1067144560139063296?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:54 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parachute is working! Hoots and claps from mission control and space fans at Chabot. All good news so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:50 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nInSight is now experiencing peak heat. Stay cool up there! Next step will be the parachute deployment. Travelling at 1,000 meters per second. Audience at Chabot is holding their breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:48 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nENTRY! The lander has entered the atmosphere. Now it will slow down as it approaches the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:42 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe lander has separated from the spacecraft that carried it millions of miles away from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> is no longer cruising…it’s diving in. Five minutes to go until atmospheric entry. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Mars?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Mars\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067141484485332992?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The lander is now steering itself. Star Tracker software turned off and InSight is going in. T-20 till land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">WOOHOO BENT PIPE HAS BEGUN! this means that MarCo’s are both working as hoped and will begin relaying the EDL data. OMG. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PopSci?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@PopSci\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Shannon Stirone (@shannonmstirone) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/shannonmstirone/status/1067139987567632384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Update from Mission Control: Both CubeSats and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have checked in and all seems good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curious about the instruments aboard InSight? They’re the product of teams from the U.S., France and Germany. \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/spacecraft/instruments/summary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Learn more\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1934850\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-768x432.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1200x675.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-1180x664.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-960x540.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-375x211.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download-520x293.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/download.jpeg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">InSight is the first mission to investigate the interior of Mars. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 11:15 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s livestream from mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has started. Peanuts, a tradition to bring good luck to landings, are being passed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Here be peanuts \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAJPL?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAJPL\u003c/a> mission control. Never try to land a spacecraft without ‘em. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\">https://t.co/pEhDVFzBsI\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/c10XE5yFdG\">pic.twitter.com/c10XE5yFdG\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nadia Drake (@nadiamdrake) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/nadiamdrake/status/1067133323401523201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chabot’s theater is almost full with members of the public, like the Crawford’s of Hayward who brought their young daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Lots of families here \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ChabotSpace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ChabotSpace\u003c/a> to watch the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASAInSight\u003c/a> lander. Erica & Steven Crawford of Hayward brought their planetary-enthusiast daughter Stefanie. Stefanie likes Mars, but says her favorite planet is Neptune. She wants to be an astronaut when she grows up. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/pE4fOtrnl5\">pic.twitter.com/pE4fOtrnl5\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Danielle Venton (@DanielleVenton) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton/status/1067134235893411840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 10:30 a.m., Mon.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the minutes ticking down till Mars InSight’s anticipated landing at 12:00 p.m. Pacific, KQED Science is ready to bring you up-to-the-minute information on the mission. We’ll embed the live feed from mission control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. And we’ll bring you the scene from the \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viewing party at the Chabot Observatory\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where are you watching the landing? Tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqedscience\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@KQEDScience\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@DanielleVenton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More About InSight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>First, some background on the mission. This is the first mission to land on Mars since 2012, when the Curiosity rover touched down. Unlike that landing, with its novel, high-risk innovations (remember the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/30jul_skycrane/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sky crane\u003c/a>‘?), InSight is landing using tried-and-true technology. The landing sequence will be similar to past missions, such as NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three main stages of landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Entering the Atmosphere:\u003c/strong> Small rockets will direct the spacecraft toward the surface. The rockets must maintain a precise 12-degree angle to prevent InSight from either burning up or bouncing off the planet’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Parachute Descent:\u003c/strong> The spacecraft will cast off its heat shield (a protective covering), release a parachute to slow down, and extend its three, shock-absorbing landing legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Powered Descent:\u003c/strong> A dozen engines, known as retro rockets, will begin firing to help the lander set down gently on the Martian soil — its new permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want more info? See the sidebar above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anything going wrong at any one of these steps could cause this $830-million dollar mission to crash, burn up or bounce off back into space. But at the moment, all seems ready for a smooth landing. Yesterday InSight’s engineers made a final flight path tweak to maneuver the spacecraft over its targeted entry point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">It’s almost time! In less than 15 hours, I’ll plunge through the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Martian?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Martian\u003c/a> atmosphere. But before I do, my team tweaked my flight path one last time to ensure I’m on track for my \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MarsLanding?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MarsLanding\u003c/a> tomorrow. Read: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\">https://t.co/6ekCBE2vUW\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/HiejIwCoHb\">pic.twitter.com/HiejIwCoHb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NASAInSight (@NASAInSight) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1066916095125204993?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 26, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How to Watch NASA's InSight Land on Mars",
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"content": "\u003cp>After cruising through space for about seven months, the time has arrived for NASA’s Mars InSight mission to settle down on the Red Planet and get to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More About InSight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The culmination of this almost 90 million mile journey is expected Monday, Nov. 26, at about 12:00 p.m. Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To safely land, InSight has to slow down from its entry speed upon reaching the atmosphere, 12,300 miles per hour to just about 5 mph, within six minutes. (For a video explanation of InSight’s path to the ground, see below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To control its entry, small rockets will direct it toward the surface. Insight needs to enter the atmosphere at a precise 12-degree angle to avoid either burning up or bouncing off the planet’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDSbUpmRksI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the spacecraft will release a large parachute to slow its progress, cast off its heat shield and extend a trio of shock-absorbing landing legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the lander will separate from its backshell (a protective covering) and parachute. A dozen engines, known as retro rockets, will begin firing to help the lander set down gently on the Martian soil — its new permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want to watch? Read on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Online\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will webcast the landing and the scene from Mission Control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. You’ll be able to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/11/26/watch-live-cover%E2%80%A6-insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch on KQED Science\u003c/a> (link will be live at 10:30 a.m. Monday, Nov. 26) or \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/watch-online/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">directly on the agency’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watch In Person\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may be a viewing party planned near you. Check the map below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googlemaps https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1cRQ1GGXcbx6pwpp0HMNMKVlS9HUU8qm8&w=640&h=480]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some highlighted events in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11:00 a.m. \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/a>, Oakland\u003cbr>\n10:00 a.m. \u003ca href=\"https://aerospaceca.org/tickets/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aerospace Museum of California\u003c/a>, near Sacramento\u003cbr>\n11 a.m. \u003ca class=\"expandable_element_link\" href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/California+Science+Center/@34.0157921,-118.2884035,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80c2c8084e875cdb:0x1e38dfc7ae1bb572!8m2!3d34.0157877!4d-118.2862095?shorturl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Science Center,\u003c/a> Los Angeles\u003cbr>\n11 a.m. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/mars-insight-landing-party-at-central-library-tickets-52268884641?aff=efbeventtix&fbclid=IwAR120Z1bwpU71sblh4gv7_9Llgirt3cxs1eHSGMeqkYLBmEUGw_h-nvEHg0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Los Angeles Central Library\u003c/a>, Los Angeles\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After cruising through space for about seven months, the time has arrived for NASA’s Mars InSight mission to settle down on the Red Planet and get to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More About InSight\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1922458/there-are-earthquakes-on-mars-wait-theyre-marsquakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There Are Earthquakes on Mars! Wait … They’re ‘Marsquakes’\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934067/nasa-to-insight-brace-for-landing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA InSIGHT Spacecraft Set to Land on Mars Nov. 26\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The culmination of this almost 90 million mile journey is expected Monday, Nov. 26, at about 12:00 p.m. Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To safely land, InSight has to slow down from its entry speed upon reaching the atmosphere, 12,300 miles per hour to just about 5 mph, within six minutes. (For a video explanation of InSight’s path to the ground, see below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To control its entry, small rockets will direct it toward the surface. Insight needs to enter the atmosphere at a precise 12-degree angle to avoid either burning up or bouncing off the planet’s surface.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PDSbUpmRksI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PDSbUpmRksI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the spacecraft will release a large parachute to slow its progress, cast off its heat shield and extend a trio of shock-absorbing landing legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the lander will separate from its backshell (a protective covering) and parachute. A dozen engines, known as retro rockets, will begin firing to help the lander set down gently on the Martian soil — its new permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want to watch? Read on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Online\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will webcast the landing and the scene from Mission Control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena. You’ll be able to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/11/26/watch-live-cover%E2%80%A6-insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch on KQED Science\u003c/a> (link will be live at 10:30 a.m. Monday, Nov. 26) or \u003ca href=\"https://mars.nasa.gov/insight/timeline/landing/watch-online/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">directly on the agency’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watch In Person\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may be a viewing party planned near you. Check the map below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1cRQ1GGXcbx6pwpp0HMNMKVlS9HUU8qm8&w=640&h=480'\n title='https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1cRQ1GGXcbx6pwpp0HMNMKVlS9HUU8qm8&w=640&h=480'\n width='640'\n height='480'\n scrolling='no'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some highlighted events in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>11:00 a.m. \u003ca href=\"https://chabotspace.org/events/events-listing/insight-landing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/a>, Oakland\u003cbr>\n10:00 a.m. \u003ca href=\"https://aerospaceca.org/tickets/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aerospace Museum of California\u003c/a>, near Sacramento\u003cbr>\n11 a.m. \u003ca class=\"expandable_element_link\" href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/California+Science+Center/@34.0157921,-118.2884035,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x80c2c8084e875cdb:0x1e38dfc7ae1bb572!8m2!3d34.0157877!4d-118.2862095?shorturl=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Science Center,\u003c/a> Los Angeles\u003cbr>\n11 a.m. \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/mars-insight-landing-party-at-central-library-tickets-52268884641?aff=efbeventtix&fbclid=IwAR120Z1bwpU71sblh4gv7_9Llgirt3cxs1eHSGMeqkYLBmEUGw_h-nvEHg0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Los Angeles Central Library\u003c/a>, Los Angeles\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Climate change is already causing more frequent and severe weather across the U.S., and the country is poised to suffer massive damage to infrastructure, ecosystems, health and the economy if global warming is allowed to continue, according to \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/\">the most comprehensive federal climate report to date\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fourth National Climate Assessment is the culmination of years of research and analysis by hundreds of top climate scientists in the country. The massive report details the many ways in which global climate change is already affecting American communities, from hurricanes to wildfires to floods to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is already affecting every part of the United States, almost every sector of the United States, be it agriculture or forestry or energy, tourism,” says George Mason University professor Andrew Light, who is one of the report’s editors. “It’s going to hurt cities, it’s going to hurt people in the countryside, and, as the world continues to warm, things are going to get worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385\">Trump\u003c/a>, numerous Cabinet members and some members of Congress have \u003ca href=\"http://www.harvestpublicmedia.org/post/we-spoke-new-ag-secretary-sonny-perdue-heres-what-he-said-climate-change-and-immigration\">questioned whether\u003c/a> climate change is caused by humans or whether it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/ben-carson-believe-candidate-stands-10-issues\">happening at all\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think there’s a hoax. I do think there’s probably a difference. But I don’t know that it’s man-made,” the president said on CBS’ \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an August interview about deadly wildfires in California, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke told television station KCRA Sacramento: “This has nothing to do with climate change. This has to do with active forest management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report, mandated by \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/content/whats-new-nca4\">Congress\u003c/a> and published by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is the latest and most detailed confirmation that humans are driving climate change and that Americans are already adapting to and suffering from its effects. Climate change is “an immediate threat, not a far-off possibility,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/12/666951838/megafires-more-frequent-because-of-climate-change-and-forest-management\">large wildfires\u003c/a> are getting more frequent because of climate change. The report notes that the area burned in wildfires nationwide each year has increased over the past 20 years, and “although projections vary by state and ecoregion, on average, the annual area burned by lightning-ignited wildfire is expected to increase by at least 30 percent by 2060.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfires-acres-20181119/child.html?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California and other Western states have made headlines for deadly fires, the report says the southeastern U.S. is also projected to suffer more wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regions are also experiencing more extreme rain — and ensuing floods — including the Midwest, Northeast, Southeast and Southern Great Plains, which includes Texas and Oklahoma. The most extreme example is Hurricane Harvey, which dumped \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/25/580689546/harvey-the-most-significant-tropical-cyclone-rainfall-event-in-u-s-history\">60 inches of rain\u003c/a> on parts of southeast Texas in 2017 and flooded an enormous region from Houston up to the Louisiana border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors make clear that more extreme rainfall and flooding is widespread, going beyond major hurricanes. In the Midwest, runoff from heavy rains have depleted some cropland of nutrients. In the Northeast, towns are dealing with catastrophic flooding from summer thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the whole U.S., the amount of precipitation overall may be less, but it’s delivered in these very intense precipitation events,” explains Brenda Ekwurzel, an author of the report and senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “That’s how you get a lot of flash flooding, especially after a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Southwest, climate change is driving a particularly devious phenomenon: climate change is contributing to drought and flooding in the same place. Drought takes hold for months. When rain does fall, it’s increasingly likely to come as an extreme rainstorm, which causes flash flooding and landslides. Scientists predict that dynamic will only get worse as climate change progresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors also focus multiple chapters on the health effects of climate change. In a section on air pollution, they write:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Unless counteracting efforts to improve air quality are implemented, climate change will worsen existing air pollution levels. This worsened air pollution would increase the incidence of adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health effects, including premature death.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And as the climate warms, disease-carrying insects such as mosquitoes and ticks are also expected to expand their territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors warn that those who are most economically and physically vulnerable will continue to be most severely impacted by climate change, whether it’s air pollution, disease, floods or fire disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate adaptation is already taking place at the local, state and regional level, the report says. It gives examples including water conservation, forest management, infrastructure updates and agricultural advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The real leading edge of action in the United States, now, to deal with climate change is at the non-federal level,” says Light, who also serves as a senior fellow at the World Resources Institute think tank. “It’s states, it’s cities, it’s businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But far more involvement is needed on all levels to change human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Successful adaptation has been hindered by the assumption that climate conditions are and will be similar to those in the past,” the authors write, arguing that acknowledging climate change, adapting to its effects and working to limit global warming, while expensive, will save money and lives in the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those findings are in stark contrast to policies put forward by the Trump administration, which include announcing that the U.S. intends to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\">2015 Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>, which set international targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new report does not make policy recommendations, it is designed to be a scientific resource for leaders at all levels of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re putting a cost on inaction,” explains Ekwurzel, referring to future global inaction to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. “There’s some really heavy duty news in here. I mean, we’re talking billions of dollars as the cost of inaction each year. I think a lot of people in the U.S. will be surprised by that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+Is+Already+Hurting+U.S.+Communities%2C+Federal+Report+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an August interview about deadly wildfires in California, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke told television station KCRA Sacramento: “This has nothing to do with climate change. This has to do with active forest management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report, mandated by \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/content/whats-new-nca4\">Congress\u003c/a> and published by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is the latest and most detailed confirmation that humans are driving climate change and that Americans are already adapting to and suffering from its effects. Climate change is “an immediate threat, not a far-off possibility,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/12/666951838/megafires-more-frequent-because-of-climate-change-and-forest-management\">large wildfires\u003c/a> are getting more frequent because of climate change. The report notes that the area burned in wildfires nationwide each year has increased over the past 20 years, and “although projections vary by state and ecoregion, on average, the annual area burned by lightning-ignited wildfire is expected to increase by at least 30 percent by 2060.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/wildfires-acres-20181119/child.html?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California and other Western states have made headlines for deadly fires, the report says the southeastern U.S. is also projected to suffer more wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regions are also experiencing more extreme rain — and ensuing floods — including the Midwest, Northeast, Southeast and Southern Great Plains, which includes Texas and Oklahoma. The most extreme example is Hurricane Harvey, which dumped \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/25/580689546/harvey-the-most-significant-tropical-cyclone-rainfall-event-in-u-s-history\">60 inches of rain\u003c/a> on parts of southeast Texas in 2017 and flooded an enormous region from Houston up to the Louisiana border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the authors make clear that more extreme rainfall and flooding is widespread, going beyond major hurricanes. In the Midwest, runoff from heavy rains have depleted some cropland of nutrients. In the Northeast, towns are dealing with catastrophic flooding from summer thunderstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the whole U.S., the amount of precipitation overall may be less, but it’s delivered in these very intense precipitation events,” explains Brenda Ekwurzel, an author of the report and senior climate scientist at the Union of Concerned Scientists. “That’s how you get a lot of flash flooding, especially after a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Southwest, climate change is driving a particularly devious phenomenon: climate change is contributing to drought and flooding in the same place. Drought takes hold for months. When rain does fall, it’s increasingly likely to come as an extreme rainstorm, which causes flash flooding and landslides. Scientists predict that dynamic will only get worse as climate change progresses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors also focus multiple chapters on the health effects of climate change. In a section on air pollution, they write:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Unless counteracting efforts to improve air quality are implemented, climate change will worsen existing air pollution levels. This worsened air pollution would increase the incidence of adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health effects, including premature death.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And as the climate warms, disease-carrying insects such as mosquitoes and ticks are also expected to expand their territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors warn that those who are most economically and physically vulnerable will continue to be most severely impacted by climate change, whether it’s air pollution, disease, floods or fire disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate adaptation is already taking place at the local, state and regional level, the report says. It gives examples including water conservation, forest management, infrastructure updates and agricultural advances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The real leading edge of action in the United States, now, to deal with climate change is at the non-federal level,” says Light, who also serves as a senior fellow at the World Resources Institute think tank. “It’s states, it’s cities, it’s businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But far more involvement is needed on all levels to change human behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Successful adaptation has been hindered by the assumption that climate conditions are and will be similar to those in the past,” the authors write, arguing that acknowledging climate change, adapting to its effects and working to limit global warming, while expensive, will save money and lives in the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those findings are in stark contrast to policies put forward by the Trump administration, which include announcing that the U.S. intends to withdraw from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\">2015 Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>, which set international targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the new report does not make policy recommendations, it is designed to be a scientific resource for leaders at all levels of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re putting a cost on inaction,” explains Ekwurzel, referring to future global inaction to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the effects of climate change. “There’s some really heavy duty news in here. I mean, we’re talking billions of dollars as the cost of inaction each year. I think a lot of people in the U.S. will be surprised by that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+Is+Already+Hurting+U.S.+Communities%2C+Federal+Report+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Butte County Town Attempts to Save Salmon From Wildfire Devastation",
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"content": "\u003cp>Despite being evacuated nearly two weeks ago from their homes in the wake of spreading wildfires, residents of the town of Butte Creek Canyon — a few miles east of Chico — plan to join forces Wednesday to save the local salmon population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals are very proud of these fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Butte Creek spring-run salmon are one of the only remaining populations of wild spring-run salmon left in California,” says Allen Harthorn, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.buttecreek.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Friends of Butte Creek\u003c/a>, an organization that works to protect the fish, which were once near extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Salmon Spawn Day 2\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/QHRkAav97hY?start=236&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the fish face a new danger, as rains threaten to wash toxic debris from the nearby wildfires into the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ash and toxic components in the runoff could just saturate the creek, fill it up with sediment and wipe out this entire year class of spring-run salmon,” said Harthorn, who spoke from a friend’s home in Chico 12 days into his evacuation from Butte Creek Canyon. He said around 100 homes had been destroyed in his town, though his house escaped the flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the spawning season recently over, the problem is particularly acute for newborn fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934719\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1934719 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster.jpg\" alt=\"A fish swims in a blue-green pool.\" width=\"401\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster.jpg 401w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster-375x562.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butte Creek. \u003ccite>(Friends of Butte Creek)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The juvenile salmon at this point are at a very critical stage,” said Harthorn. “The adult fish finish spawning about the middle of October. So all of those eggs were in the gravel. They’ve probably started emerging from the gravel in the last week or so, out swimming around in the creek.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a callout on The Friends of the Butte Creek’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/2154531704866179/?active_tab=discussion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook page, \u003c/a>Harthorn said around 50 volunteers planned to spend Wednesday laying down 800 long rolls of straw, called “wattles,” near burned-out residences and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is to ease the flow of the creek and capture the debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934715\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 794px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934715\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon.png\" alt=\"Butte Creek salmon.\" width=\"794\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon.png 794w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-160x121.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-768x580.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-240x181.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-375x283.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-520x393.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butte Creek salmon. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Friends of Butte Creek)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The straw wattles will slow down the movement of the water and allow it to seep in as well as capture the ash and potentially other toxic components,” Harthorn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task ahead is huge. And Harthorn is also worried about the run-off flowing in from other nearby places destroyed by fire, particularly Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unfortunate thing is that Butte Creek meets up with all the tributaries that come off Paradise out in the valley,” Harthorn said. “And all those tributaries are going to be carrying all the runoff from Paradise, which has 5 to 10 times the volume of material and destruction that the Canyon had. So it’s going to be a lot worse. There is a huge effort out there to protect the water quality. But it’s going to be a massive job.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Recently brought back from the brink of extinction, these fish are now facing a new danger, as rains threaten to wash toxic debris from the nearby wildfires into Butte creek.\r\n\r\n",
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"description": "Recently brought back from the brink of extinction, these fish are now facing a new danger, as rains threaten to wash toxic debris from the nearby wildfires into Butte creek.\r\n\r\n",
"title": "Butte County Town Attempts to Save Salmon From Wildfire Devastation | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite being evacuated nearly two weeks ago from their homes in the wake of spreading wildfires, residents of the town of Butte Creek Canyon — a few miles east of Chico — plan to join forces Wednesday to save the local salmon population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals are very proud of these fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Butte Creek spring-run salmon are one of the only remaining populations of wild spring-run salmon left in California,” says Allen Harthorn, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.buttecreek.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Friends of Butte Creek\u003c/a>, an organization that works to protect the fish, which were once near extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Salmon Spawn Day 2\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/QHRkAav97hY?start=236&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the fish face a new danger, as rains threaten to wash toxic debris from the nearby wildfires into the creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ash and toxic components in the runoff could just saturate the creek, fill it up with sediment and wipe out this entire year class of spring-run salmon,” said Harthorn, who spoke from a friend’s home in Chico 12 days into his evacuation from Butte Creek Canyon. He said around 100 homes had been destroyed in his town, though his house escaped the flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the spawning season recently over, the problem is particularly acute for newborn fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934719\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 401px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1934719 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster.jpg\" alt=\"A fish swims in a blue-green pool.\" width=\"401\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster.jpg 401w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/poster-375x562.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butte Creek. \u003ccite>(Friends of Butte Creek)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The juvenile salmon at this point are at a very critical stage,” said Harthorn. “The adult fish finish spawning about the middle of October. So all of those eggs were in the gravel. They’ve probably started emerging from the gravel in the last week or so, out swimming around in the creek.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a callout on The Friends of the Butte Creek’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/2154531704866179/?active_tab=discussion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook page, \u003c/a>Harthorn said around 50 volunteers planned to spend Wednesday laying down 800 long rolls of straw, called “wattles,” near burned-out residences and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is to ease the flow of the creek and capture the debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934715\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 794px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1934715\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon.png\" alt=\"Butte Creek salmon.\" width=\"794\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon.png 794w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-160x121.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-768x580.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-240x181.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-375x283.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/Butte-Creek-salmon-520x393.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butte Creek salmon. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Friends of Butte Creek)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The straw wattles will slow down the movement of the water and allow it to seep in as well as capture the ash and potentially other toxic components,” Harthorn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task ahead is huge. And Harthorn is also worried about the run-off flowing in from other nearby places destroyed by fire, particularly Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unfortunate thing is that Butte Creek meets up with all the tributaries that come off Paradise out in the valley,” Harthorn said. “And all those tributaries are going to be carrying all the runoff from Paradise, which has 5 to 10 times the volume of material and destruction that the Canyon had. So it’s going to be a lot worse. There is a huge effort out there to protect the water quality. But it’s going to be a massive job.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "No, The Rain Isn't 'Toxic.' But Here's What to Do When the Smoke Clears",
"headTitle": "No, The Rain Isn’t ‘Toxic.’ But Here’s What to Do When the Smoke Clears | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bay Area residents will soon breathe a healthy sigh of relief. Rain is forecast to start washing away the region’s toxic air as early as tonight. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The National Weather Service predicts \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rain and southerly gusts for the Bay area through Friday evening. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air quality experts are \u003cem>not\u003c/em> predicting a toxic deluge, as some have suggested on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%22toxic%20rain%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social media\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Although Paradise experienced a large wildfire, that’s not enough smoke to cause acid rain,” says Dar Mims, meteorologist for the California Air Resources Board. \u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>As the winds and rain start to arrive you’re going to wash out the pollution. We will end up with a clean environment after this storm.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We will end up with a clean environment after this storm.’\u003ccite>California Air Resources Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mims also says the Bay Area’s current haze is much less toxic than in previous days because the most hazardous material from homes and commercial landscapes burnt in the initial days of the Camp fire. The remaining smoke likely emanates from vegetative matter such as smoldering tree trunks, which Mims says is not as bad for human health. He does acknowledge, however, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> it’s difficult to assess exactly what kind of particles are carried in wildfire smoke.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are all in unchartered territory,” says Mims. “\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We have never had a smoke event like this. Usually, the rain would have arrived by this time of year\u003c/span>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gina Solomon, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a physician and air quality expert at UC San Francisco, agrees that residents should not worry about a noxious torrent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The first rain will react with the acidic particles and create an acidic and slightly oily mixture on outdoor surfaces, which will be somewhat corrosive and irritating,” says Solomon. “I wouldn’t call the mixture terribly toxic to humans, but it’s best to avoid ingesting it or getting it on your skin until enough rain has fallen to dilute the mixture.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solomon roughly estimates that a half-inch or more of local precipitation would likely be enough water to safely dilute the mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precautions to Take Once the Rain Arrives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To err on the side of caution\u003c/span>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Solomon suggests \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">washing out birdbaths and pet dishes thoroughly. If the rains are lighter than expected\u003c/span>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Solomon advises rinsing outdoor furniture with a little soap and water. This is likely not necessary if the storm is a soaker. Either way, it’s probably a good idea to wash cars to prevent potential corrosion. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you have little ones\u003c/span>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Solomon says playgrounds and outdoor play is likely safe, but she does recommend washing children’s hands diligently after any time outside. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inside the home, Solomon recommends vacuuming carpets, mopping floors, wiping down hard surfaces with a damp cloth, and then opening the windows to air out the house once it starts raining. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Check and replace the filters in your central air system,” recommends Jeff Williams, an air pollution specialist for the California Air Resources Board. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Williams advises wearing respiratory protection like an \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/n95list1.html\">N95 mask\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> if you’re cleaning an area with a noticeable odor or an area that has visible ash, though he says the risk of toxic exposure is pretty minimal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Until the first drops arrive, Williams advises residents in the Bay Area continue to stay primarily inside and continue running indoor air filters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Air pollution experts say the thick wildfire smoke will not lead to toxic rain, as some on social media have suggested. But there are steps you can take when the air finally clears to protect your health. ",
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"description": "Air pollution experts say the thick wildfire smoke will not lead to toxic rain, as some on social media have suggested. But there are steps you can take when the air finally clears to protect your health. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bay Area residents will soon breathe a healthy sigh of relief. Rain is forecast to start washing away the region’s toxic air as early as tonight. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The National Weather Service predicts \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rain and southerly gusts for the Bay area through Friday evening. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air quality experts are \u003cem>not\u003c/em> predicting a toxic deluge, as some have suggested on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%22toxic%20rain%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social media\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Although Paradise experienced a large wildfire, that’s not enough smoke to cause acid rain,” says Dar Mims, meteorologist for the California Air Resources Board. \u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>As the winds and rain start to arrive you’re going to wash out the pollution. We will end up with a clean environment after this storm.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We will end up with a clean environment after this storm.’\u003ccite>California Air Resources Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mims also says the Bay Area’s current haze is much less toxic than in previous days because the most hazardous material from homes and commercial landscapes burnt in the initial days of the Camp fire. The remaining smoke likely emanates from vegetative matter such as smoldering tree trunks, which Mims says is not as bad for human health. He does acknowledge, however, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">that\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> it’s difficult to assess exactly what kind of particles are carried in wildfire smoke.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are all in unchartered territory,” says Mims. “\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We have never had a smoke event like this. Usually, the rain would have arrived by this time of year\u003c/span>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Gina Solomon, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a physician and air quality expert at UC San Francisco, agrees that residents should not worry about a noxious torrent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The first rain will react with the acidic particles and create an acidic and slightly oily mixture on outdoor surfaces, which will be somewhat corrosive and irritating,” says Solomon. “I wouldn’t call the mixture terribly toxic to humans, but it’s best to avoid ingesting it or getting it on your skin until enough rain has fallen to dilute the mixture.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solomon roughly estimates that a half-inch or more of local precipitation would likely be enough water to safely dilute the mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precautions to Take Once the Rain Arrives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To err on the side of caution\u003c/span>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Solomon suggests \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">washing out birdbaths and pet dishes thoroughly. If the rains are lighter than expected\u003c/span>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Solomon advises rinsing outdoor furniture with a little soap and water. This is likely not necessary if the storm is a soaker. Either way, it’s probably a good idea to wash cars to prevent potential corrosion. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you have little ones\u003c/span>,\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Solomon says playgrounds and outdoor play is likely safe, but she does recommend washing children’s hands diligently after any time outside. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inside the home, Solomon recommends vacuuming carpets, mopping floors, wiping down hard surfaces with a damp cloth, and then opening the windows to air out the house once it starts raining. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Check and replace the filters in your central air system,” recommends Jeff Williams, an air pollution specialist for the California Air Resources Board. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Williams advises wearing respiratory protection like an \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/n95list1.html\">N95 mask\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> if you’re cleaning an area with a noticeable odor or an area that has visible ash, though he says the risk of toxic exposure is pretty minimal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Until the first drops arrive, Williams advises residents in the Bay Area continue to stay primarily inside and continue running indoor air filters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Heavy Rains Bring Flood Risk to Fire-Ravaged Landscape",
"headTitle": "Heavy Rains Bring Flood Risk to Fire-Ravaged Landscape | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A series of storms expected to arrive in California starting Tuesday night could bring heavy rains onto landscapes denuded by wildfires. Officials are warning that could mean flooding, mudslides, and more dangerous “debris flows,” where the flowing mud picks up loose debris on the surface, like trees, boulders and remains of destroyed buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A storm forecast to arrive tonight and continue through Wednesday could bring several inches of rain to Butte County, where the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> has scorched more than 150,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could quickly become a dangerous situation,” says the National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/wwacapget.php?x=CA125AC870FB04.FlashFloodWatch.125AC8ADF400CA.STOFFASTO.24b972a619f458a4712af52b8853f2a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flood watch\u003c/a>. “Residents, emergency responders, persons traveling within the burn area should remain alert, and take action should heavy rain develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are few residents in the fire zone who could be affected by flooding, says Tony Hernandez, Cal Fire public information officer. “Some residents have been allowed to return to their homes,” he says, but “the fire impact area has virtually no public access granted so far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rain could pose a threat to teams working in the fire zone — including utility workers and people working to find and identify human remains — who will have to contend with, at minimum, slick roadways. People traveling along portions of Highway 70 and the Skyway in Butte County should be prepared for flooding, rock falls, or debris flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1934653\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Evacuees rest in their tents for the night in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018. Nearly 700 people remain listed as missing in the worst-ever wildfire to hit the state. \" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1920x1276.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuees rest in their tents for the night in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018. Nearly 700 people remain listed as missing in the worst-ever wildfire to hit the state. \u003ccite>(JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707224/shunning-shelters-evacuees-find-freedom-but-no-comfort-in-walmart-tent-encampment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tent encampment\u003c/a> near a Walmart in Chico, set in a vacant lot that’s known to flood, some evacuees have left ahead of the rain. But others are staying. Volunteers have been bringing in tarps, as well as pallets to get sleeping bags up off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews from an array of state, regional and local departments — emergency services, transportation, roads, water — are spread across Butte County, assessing the potential for damage and beginning prevention: cleaning culverts, installing straw barriers around burn scars to prevent ash from getting into rivers, and prepping crews to clear storm drains during the rains and monitor for danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flood Risk Extends to Former Wildfire Areas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/wwacapget.php?x=CA125AC870FB04.FlashFloodWatch.125AC8ADF400CA.STOFFASTO.24b972a619f458a4712af52b8853f2a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flash flood watch\u003c/a> is in effect through Friday morning for the burn zones of not just the Camp Fire, but also the Carr, Delta and Hirz fires that burned in Shasta County earlier this year, and the Mendocino Complex Fire which scorched Lake and Mendocino counties this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A wildfire really affects the landscape, especially these intense wildfires that we’ve had over the last year,” says Chris Orrock, a public information officer with the California Department of Water Resources. “Areas like Sonoma and Napa that had the wildfire last year, they’re still at risk for two to five years of flooding in those areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I9q-1OKL1gk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires destroy trees, brush and plants that would normally soak up the rain. According to Orrock, wildfires also prevent the soil itself from being able to absorb water, instead creating a waxy surface that repels rain and can lead to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says people need to \u003ca href=\"https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/wwacapget.php?x=CA125AC870FB04.FlashFloodWatch.125AC8ADF400CA.STOFFASTO.24b972a619f458a4712af52b8853f2a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">be aware\u003c/a> if they’re in an area at risk for flooding and should be prepared to evacuate if conditions demand it, though the damage will depend on how much rain actually falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A light amount of rain might just pool up in the landscape,” he says. “If we get to a moderate amount, it might create some flooding. If we get some of these huge microcells like they saw down in Santa Barbara last year, it could start mud flows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/state/california/article195814174.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21 people died\u003c/a> in January in mudslides and debris flows formed when heavy rains hit the Santa Barbara landscape that had been torched by the \u003ca href=\"http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=1922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Fire\u003c/a> the previous month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s what we’re worried about in these areas that have not been able to recover,” Orrock says. “They don’t have the root structure, they might still have debris on top, [including] dead trees, dead vegetation and burnt out homes that can turn that flooding to mud flow into a dangerous debris flow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa County established a flood preparedness plan last year after the deadly North Bay fires, and that plan is still in place, says Kevin Twohey, Office of Emergency Services coordinator for Napa County. He says the county isn’t expecting any problems with this week’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually welcome the rain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s reason to welcome rain. With the exception of the Inland Empire, California has been dry this fall, with \u003ca href=\"https://wrcc.dri.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">little rain\u003c/a> across the state’s major watersheds. In fact, over the past 30 days, most of California has had \u003ca href=\"https://wrcc.dri.edu/anom/cal_anom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">less than 5 percent\u003c/a> of the average rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A series of storms expected to arrive in California starting Tuesday night could bring heavy rains onto landscapes denuded by wildfires. Officials are warning that could mean flooding, mudslides, and more dangerous “debris flows,” where the flowing mud picks up loose debris on the surface, like trees, boulders and remains of destroyed buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A storm forecast to arrive tonight and continue through Wednesday could bring several inches of rain to Butte County, where the deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> has scorched more than 150,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could quickly become a dangerous situation,” says the National Weather Service \u003ca href=\"https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/wwacapget.php?x=CA125AC870FB04.FlashFloodWatch.125AC8ADF400CA.STOFFASTO.24b972a619f458a4712af52b8853f2a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flood watch\u003c/a>. “Residents, emergency responders, persons traveling within the burn area should remain alert, and take action should heavy rain develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are few residents in the fire zone who could be affected by flooding, says Tony Hernandez, Cal Fire public information officer. “Some residents have been allowed to return to their homes,” he says, but “the fire impact area has virtually no public access granted so far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rain could pose a threat to teams working in the fire zone — including utility workers and people working to find and identify human remains — who will have to contend with, at minimum, slick roadways. People traveling along portions of Highway 70 and the Skyway in Butte County should be prepared for flooding, rock falls, or debris flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1934653\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Evacuees rest in their tents for the night in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018. Nearly 700 people remain listed as missing in the worst-ever wildfire to hit the state. \" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1920x1276.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-1180x784.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/GettyImages-1063108314-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evacuees rest in their tents for the night in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018. Nearly 700 people remain listed as missing in the worst-ever wildfire to hit the state. \u003ccite>(JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707224/shunning-shelters-evacuees-find-freedom-but-no-comfort-in-walmart-tent-encampment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tent encampment\u003c/a> near a Walmart in Chico, set in a vacant lot that’s known to flood, some evacuees have left ahead of the rain. But others are staying. Volunteers have been bringing in tarps, as well as pallets to get sleeping bags up off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews from an array of state, regional and local departments — emergency services, transportation, roads, water — are spread across Butte County, assessing the potential for damage and beginning prevention: cleaning culverts, installing straw barriers around burn scars to prevent ash from getting into rivers, and prepping crews to clear storm drains during the rains and monitor for danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Flood Risk Extends to Former Wildfire Areas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/wwacapget.php?x=CA125AC870FB04.FlashFloodWatch.125AC8ADF400CA.STOFFASTO.24b972a619f458a4712af52b8853f2a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flash flood watch\u003c/a> is in effect through Friday morning for the burn zones of not just the Camp Fire, but also the Carr, Delta and Hirz fires that burned in Shasta County earlier this year, and the Mendocino Complex Fire which scorched Lake and Mendocino counties this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A wildfire really affects the landscape, especially these intense wildfires that we’ve had over the last year,” says Chris Orrock, a public information officer with the California Department of Water Resources. “Areas like Sonoma and Napa that had the wildfire last year, they’re still at risk for two to five years of flooding in those areas.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/I9q-1OKL1gk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/I9q-1OKL1gk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires destroy trees, brush and plants that would normally soak up the rain. According to Orrock, wildfires also prevent the soil itself from being able to absorb water, instead creating a waxy surface that repels rain and can lead to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says people need to \u003ca href=\"https://alerts.weather.gov/cap/wwacapget.php?x=CA125AC870FB04.FlashFloodWatch.125AC8ADF400CA.STOFFASTO.24b972a619f458a4712af52b8853f2a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">be aware\u003c/a> if they’re in an area at risk for flooding and should be prepared to evacuate if conditions demand it, though the damage will depend on how much rain actually falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A light amount of rain might just pool up in the landscape,” he says. “If we get to a moderate amount, it might create some flooding. If we get some of these huge microcells like they saw down in Santa Barbara last year, it could start mud flows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanluisobispo.com/news/state/california/article195814174.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">21 people died\u003c/a> in January in mudslides and debris flows formed when heavy rains hit the Santa Barbara landscape that had been torched by the \u003ca href=\"http://cdfdata.fire.ca.gov/incidents/incidents_details_info?incident_id=1922\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Fire\u003c/a> the previous month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that’s what we’re worried about in these areas that have not been able to recover,” Orrock says. “They don’t have the root structure, they might still have debris on top, [including] dead trees, dead vegetation and burnt out homes that can turn that flooding to mud flow into a dangerous debris flow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa County established a flood preparedness plan last year after the deadly North Bay fires, and that plan is still in place, says Kevin Twohey, Office of Emergency Services coordinator for Napa County. He says the county isn’t expecting any problems with this week’s storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually welcome the rain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s reason to welcome rain. With the exception of the Inland Empire, California has been dry this fall, with \u003ca href=\"https://wrcc.dri.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">little rain\u003c/a> across the state’s major watersheds. In fact, over the past 30 days, most of California has had \u003ca href=\"https://wrcc.dri.edu/anom/cal_anom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">less than 5 percent\u003c/a> of the average rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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