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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/vcucns/6792819478/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17815 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/6792819478_ce19ec1b85_b-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"Studies show the HPV vaccine is highly protective, but as many as two-thirds of 11 and 12-year-old girls don't get it. (Art Writ/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studies show the HPV vaccine is highly protective, but as many as two-thirds of 11 and 12-year-old girls don't get it. (Art Writ/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Patti Neighmond\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/19/279609708/parents-and-teens-arent-up-to-speed-on-hpv-risks-doctors-say\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You would think that a vaccine that could prevent cancer would be an easy sell, but that's hasn't proven to be true so far with the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This is a vaccine that protects against cancer; what could be better than that?\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Just 33 percent of girls and less than 7 percent of boys in the U.S. have gotten all three recommended doses of the vaccine to protect against the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm\" target=\"_blank\">human papillomavirus\u003c/a>, which causes cervical and other cancers. Compare that to the tiny African nation of Rwanda, where \u003ca href=\"www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/8/BLT-11-097253-table-T1.html\" target=\"_blank\">more than 90 percent\u003c/a> of sixth-grade girls were vaccinated in 2011, or Australia, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f2032\" target=\"_blank\">73 percent \u003c/a>of 12- and 13-year-old girls have gotten all three vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a vaccine that protects against cancer; what could be better than that?\" asks Shannon Stokley, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. She and other public health officials are trying to figure out the best ways to persuade American teenagers and preteens to get the HPV vaccine.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The argument for it is simple: HPV is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/whatishpv.html\" target=\"_blank\">most common\u003c/a> sexually transmitted infection. Most HPV viruses are harmless. But a few types can cause cervical, anal and penile cancer, as well as genital warts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know who is going to develop cancer or who will clear infection,\" Stokley says, \"which is why it's so critical to protect adolescents with the vaccine long before they're ever exposed to the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hpv-gardasil.html\">recommends\u003c/a> that the first of three HPV vaccine doses be given to children when they turn 11 or 12. A second dose is given about one month later, with a third and final dose within six months. HPV vaccine has been recommended for routine vaccination for girls since 2006 and for boys since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.idsociety.org/2013_HPV_Vaccine/\">CDC study\u003c/a> found HPV prevalence was reduced by 56 percent among teenage girls between the ages of 14 and 19 who were vaccinated, suggesting the vaccine is highly protective. But as many as two thirds of 11- and 12-year-old girls don't get the HPV vaccine when they are at the doctor getting other vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About one quarter of parents say they don't plan on getting their daughters vaccinated in the next year, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6229a4.htm\">survey\u003c/a> published in July 2013 by the CDC. The most common reasons parents gave were thinking that the vaccine wasn't necessary (19.1 percent); the doctor didn't recommend it (14.2 percent); and safety concerns (13.1 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies to date have shown no significant safety problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are logistical issues. In countries like Australia and Rwanda with high rates of coverage, children are vaccinated at school. In the U.S., parents have to take children to a doctor or clinic three times to get all three shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger kids routinely go to a doctor for well child visits, but teenagers typically don't see a doctor regularly. And Stokley says \"doctors may feel uncomfortable\" talking about a vaccine that protects against sexually transmitted disease with teens or with parents of kids as young as 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that one-fifth of parents think the vaccine isn't necessary shows that doctors have to be more vigilant in recommending the HPV vaccine, says Dr. Jeffrey Duchin. He is chief of the Communicable Disease Epidemiology & Immunization Section at the Seattle & King County Department of Public Health. \"Our research showed that parents did not have a lot of knowledge about how widespread HPV was, how readily it was transmitted, how easy it is to acquire and also about the severity of illness it can cause,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People often mistakenly think the vaccine is targeted at teens who are sexually active, which Duchin says is simply not true. \"Once you become sexually active, you can acquire HPV infection quite readily. The entire strategy is based on protecting kids before they get infected, just like it is with all our other vaccine preventable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in February, the \u003ca href=\"http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/advisory/pcp/annualReports/HPV/ExecutiveSummary.htm#sthash.acdO8QX4.3kLUVmTo.dpbs\">President's Cancer Panel\u003c/a> said that more need to be done to get the public educated about HPV and cancer. The panel also called for more efforts by health care providers to recommend and give vaccines, and to make sure the vaccines are available where teenagers get their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Convenience is key, Duchin says. And that may include offering the HPV vaccine in school-based health clinics, or at pharmacies, similar to the flu vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"YKhgJlz1h9Hz9yGeIIPqNu1SOz9EU5SN\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You would think that a vaccine that could prevent cancer would be an easy sell, but that's hasn't proven to be true so far with the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.\r\n\r\nJust 33 percent of girls and less than 7 percent of boys in the U.S. have gotten all three recommended doses of the vaccine to protect against the human papillomavirus, which causes cervical and other cancers. Compare that to the tiny African nation of Rwanda, where more than 90 percent of sixth-grade girls were vaccinated in 2011.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17815\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/vcucns/6792819478/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17815 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/6792819478_ce19ec1b85_b-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"Studies show the HPV vaccine is highly protective, but as many as two-thirds of 11 and 12-year-old girls don't get it. (Art Writ/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Studies show the HPV vaccine is highly protective, but as many as two-thirds of 11 and 12-year-old girls don't get it. (Art Writ/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Patti Neighmond\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/19/279609708/parents-and-teens-arent-up-to-speed-on-hpv-risks-doctors-say\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You would think that a vaccine that could prevent cancer would be an easy sell, but that's hasn't proven to be true so far with the vaccine to prevent cervical cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This is a vaccine that protects against cancer; what could be better than that?\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Just 33 percent of girls and less than 7 percent of boys in the U.S. have gotten all three recommended doses of the vaccine to protect against the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm\" target=\"_blank\">human papillomavirus\u003c/a>, which causes cervical and other cancers. Compare that to the tiny African nation of Rwanda, where \u003ca href=\"www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/8/BLT-11-097253-table-T1.html\" target=\"_blank\">more than 90 percent\u003c/a> of sixth-grade girls were vaccinated in 2011, or Australia, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f2032\" target=\"_blank\">73 percent \u003c/a>of 12- and 13-year-old girls have gotten all three vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a vaccine that protects against cancer; what could be better than that?\" asks Shannon Stokley, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. She and other public health officials are trying to figure out the best ways to persuade American teenagers and preteens to get the HPV vaccine.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The argument for it is simple: HPV is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/whatishpv.html\" target=\"_blank\">most common\u003c/a> sexually transmitted infection. Most HPV viruses are harmless. But a few types can cause cervical, anal and penile cancer, as well as genital warts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know who is going to develop cancer or who will clear infection,\" Stokley says, \"which is why it's so critical to protect adolescents with the vaccine long before they're ever exposed to the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hpv-gardasil.html\">recommends\u003c/a> that the first of three HPV vaccine doses be given to children when they turn 11 or 12. A second dose is given about one month later, with a third and final dose within six months. HPV vaccine has been recommended for routine vaccination for girls since 2006 and for boys since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.idsociety.org/2013_HPV_Vaccine/\">CDC study\u003c/a> found HPV prevalence was reduced by 56 percent among teenage girls between the ages of 14 and 19 who were vaccinated, suggesting the vaccine is highly protective. But as many as two thirds of 11- and 12-year-old girls don't get the HPV vaccine when they are at the doctor getting other vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About one quarter of parents say they don't plan on getting their daughters vaccinated in the next year, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6229a4.htm\">survey\u003c/a> published in July 2013 by the CDC. The most common reasons parents gave were thinking that the vaccine wasn't necessary (19.1 percent); the doctor didn't recommend it (14.2 percent); and safety concerns (13.1 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies to date have shown no significant safety problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are logistical issues. In countries like Australia and Rwanda with high rates of coverage, children are vaccinated at school. In the U.S., parents have to take children to a doctor or clinic three times to get all three shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger kids routinely go to a doctor for well child visits, but teenagers typically don't see a doctor regularly. And Stokley says \"doctors may feel uncomfortable\" talking about a vaccine that protects against sexually transmitted disease with teens or with parents of kids as young as 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that one-fifth of parents think the vaccine isn't necessary shows that doctors have to be more vigilant in recommending the HPV vaccine, says Dr. Jeffrey Duchin. He is chief of the Communicable Disease Epidemiology & Immunization Section at the Seattle & King County Department of Public Health. \"Our research showed that parents did not have a lot of knowledge about how widespread HPV was, how readily it was transmitted, how easy it is to acquire and also about the severity of illness it can cause,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People often mistakenly think the vaccine is targeted at teens who are sexually active, which Duchin says is simply not true. \"Once you become sexually active, you can acquire HPV infection quite readily. The entire strategy is based on protecting kids before they get infected, just like it is with all our other vaccine preventable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in February, the \u003ca href=\"http://deainfo.nci.nih.gov/advisory/pcp/annualReports/HPV/ExecutiveSummary.htm#sthash.acdO8QX4.3kLUVmTo.dpbs\">President's Cancer Panel\u003c/a> said that more need to be done to get the public educated about HPV and cancer. The panel also called for more efforts by health care providers to recommend and give vaccines, and to make sure the vaccines are available where teenagers get their health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Convenience is key, Duchin says. And that may include offering the HPV vaccine in school-based health clinics, or at pharmacies, similar to the flu vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"YKhgJlz1h9Hz9yGeIIPqNu1SOz9EU5SN\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Ticks in the Bay Area Can Carry Lyme Disease - and That's Not All",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14435\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/ticks_news.jpg\" alt=\"Western black-legged ticks can carry the bacteria that cause Lyme disease and other pathogens. (Ervic Aquino/Stanford)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Western black-legged ticks can carry pathogens including the bacteria that cause Lyme Disease. (Ervic Aquino/Stanford)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Contrary to a common misconception, ticks in the Bay Area \u003cem>can\u003c/em> carry the bacteria that causes Lyme Disease. And it turns out local ticks carry another disease that can make you sick, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease. It’s more common in the Midwest and the Northeast where, in some places, more than 30 percent of ticks carry it. In the Bay Area, it’s closer to two percent, according to a new study. And the \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/3/13-0668_article.htm\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal Emerging Infectious Disease by Stanford researcher Dan Salkeld, turned up another bacteria just as often: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/miyamotoi.html\">Borrelia miyamotoi\u003c/a>, which causes similar symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the big surprise for us,” said Salkeld. “I think there were a couple studies that found miyamotoi in California before — one in Tilden Park and one up in Mendocino County — but we were quite surprised by how frequently you could find it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salkeld collected and tested ticks from \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/3/13-0668-t1.htm\">18 parks\u003c/a> around the Bay Area. The collection was decidedly low-tech: Salkeld, with help from Stanford students and local volunteers, dragged blankets around and let the ticks hop on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no known cases of the disease caused by miyamotoi in California, according to Salkeld, but, he said, that may be because doctors haven’t known to look for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(It’s) a big cause for humility that we don’t always know what’s in the backyard,” he said. Miyamotoi was just diagnosed as a human pathogen in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/18/new-deer-tick-disease-borrelia-miyamotoi_n_2499581.html\">last year\u003c/a>. “Although ticks are disgusting in almost every way, it is quite amazing to realize that we’re just looking at the tip of an iceberg in terms of what we know about pathogens in wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14435\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/ticks_news.jpg\" alt=\"Western black-legged ticks can carry the bacteria that cause Lyme disease and other pathogens. (Ervic Aquino/Stanford)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Western black-legged ticks can carry pathogens including the bacteria that cause Lyme Disease. (Ervic Aquino/Stanford)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Contrary to a common misconception, ticks in the Bay Area \u003cem>can\u003c/em> carry the bacteria that causes Lyme Disease. And it turns out local ticks carry another disease that can make you sick, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bacteria called Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease. It’s more common in the Midwest and the Northeast where, in some places, more than 30 percent of ticks carry it. In the Bay Area, it’s closer to two percent, according to a new study. And the \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/3/13-0668_article.htm\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal Emerging Infectious Disease by Stanford researcher Dan Salkeld, turned up another bacteria just as often: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ticks/miyamotoi.html\">Borrelia miyamotoi\u003c/a>, which causes similar symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the big surprise for us,” said Salkeld. “I think there were a couple studies that found miyamotoi in California before — one in Tilden Park and one up in Mendocino County — but we were quite surprised by how frequently you could find it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salkeld collected and tested ticks from \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/3/13-0668-t1.htm\">18 parks\u003c/a> around the Bay Area. The collection was decidedly low-tech: Salkeld, with help from Stanford students and local volunteers, dragged blankets around and let the ticks hop on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no known cases of the disease caused by miyamotoi in California, according to Salkeld, but, he said, that may be because doctors haven’t known to look for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(It’s) a big cause for humility that we don’t always know what’s in the backyard,” he said. Miyamotoi was just diagnosed as a human pathogen in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/18/new-deer-tick-disease-borrelia-miyamotoi_n_2499581.html\">last year\u003c/a>. “Although ticks are disgusting in almost every way, it is quite amazing to realize that we’re just looking at the tip of an iceberg in terms of what we know about pathogens in wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17571\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8589_031-e1391802798747.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17571\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8589_031-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"(Kathryn Hunts/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kathryn Hunts/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update February 21, 2014:\u003c/strong> The California Department of Public Health says 278 people have died of flu so far this year, and an additional 29 deaths are under investigation. While cases have been declining for a few weeks, state health officials still recommend people get vaccinated, if they haven't already.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials have released the latest numbers on flu deaths -- 202 people have died so far this year and that's up from 147 last week. That's the bad news, but for the first time since early January, health officials are also saying that cases appear to be declining. At least for now. Flu season generally runs three months and is \"notoriously unpredictable,\" said Dr. James Watt, with the California Department of Public Heatlh and recommended that everyone got vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at State of Health, we've noticed that a lot of the same questions come up again and again. With that in mind, we've compiled some answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Is the flu shot really the best way I can avoid getting the flu? \u003c/strong>In a word, yes. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">says\u003c/a> \"the single best way to protect against the flu is to get vaccinated each year.\" And you need to get it annually. While everyone over age 6 months should have it, CDC says, it's especially important for people in high risk groups including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>People with certain underlying medical conditions including asthma, diabetes, chronic lung disease and obesity\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Children under age 5 and adults over age 65\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pregnant women -- yes, pregnant women, the vaccine is safe and effective for you, CDC says.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Getting the flu shot is not a guarantee that you will not get the flu. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm\" target=\"_blank\">No vaccine is perfect\u003c/a>, but even if you get sick, you are likely to have a more mild course of illness if you have had the vaccine. If you haven't gotten vaccinated yet, you can find a flu shot location near you by \u003ca href=\"http://flushot.healthmap.org\" target=\"_blank\">entering your zip code on this map\u003c/a> run by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(As an aside, I became a fan of the flu shot after I got the flu many years ago. It came on suddenly one afternoon -- but I had Bruce Springsteen tickets that night and was determined to go. I felt worse and worse all afternoon. When I got to the Coliseum, I believe I heard the first couple songs and then fell asleep. I proceeded to sleep and fight fever for the next two days, then spent another several days recovering. It was awful.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Why is the H1N1 strain such a big deal? \u003c/strong>The H1N1 strain surfaced in April, 2009. The first reported cases were in Mexico, and the strain went on to cause a \"pandemic\" (i.e., a global epidemic). Scientists raced to create a vaccine, but it took months. In California alone, over a roughly 16 month period, more than 600 people died. What was unusual about this strain is that the death rate in adults under 65 was higher than adults over 65. Usually influenza hits the elderly harder. Epidemiologists theorize that a similar strain may have been circulating decades ago, so older adults have some immunity to H1N1. But those under 65, not so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Why does California only track flu deaths in people under 65? \u003c/strong>Taking a step back, state officials say they believe California is the only state that tracks all flu deaths in adults. The CDC samples the country and then estimates deaths for people of all ages, but does not require reporting of all flu deaths from any state. California only started tracking flu deaths on a case-by-case basis in the 2011-2012 flu season. The legislature had passed a mandatory reporting requirement in the wake of the H1N1 pandemic noted above. The state says the goal of reporting is to track the severity of the flu season. Because flu is so common in the elderly, the state says, tracking deaths in that group would not be as good an indicator of severity. And besides, it's not required by law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Can the flu shot give me the flu? \u003c/strong>In a word, no. The vaccine is created from killed viruses. While the shot cannot give you the flu, it can have minor side effects including soreness or swelling at the site of the injection, low fever or aches. Many children like the nasal spray vaccine. Here the viruses are weakened and cannot cause severe flu symptoms. But it still can cause minor side effects including runny nose, wheezing, aches and fever. CDC says that if these side effects happen, they usually start soon after vaccination and don't last long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. If the flu season is peaking, then I don't need to worry about the flu until next year, right? \u003c/strong>Um, no. This question comes up frequently in the weekly media call about flu with state health officials. They're pretty clear that flu is unpredictable, that you can only know the season has ended after it has ended, and that even if we're past a peak now, there could be another round -- something they referred to as the \"double bump.\" Health officials continue to encourage everyone over age 6 months to get vaccinated. While it can take two weeks for antibodies to kick in after you get the vaccine, you will be protected after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Newsroom's Thuy Vu discussed this year's flu season with Dr. Erica Pan, Alameda County of Public Health, and me Friday night on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZU0TXuNb9Ys&start=53&end=670&autoplay=0&w=640&h=360]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"H6LrfRby61J9O4WQO6Vd4VPLltEkkXeX\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State health officials have released the latest numbers on flu deaths -- 202 people have died so far this year and that's up from 147 last week. That's the bad news, but for the first time since early January, health officials are also saying that cases appear to be declining. At least for now. Flu season generally runs three months and is \"notoriously unpredictable,\" said Dr. James Watt, with the California Department of Public Heatlh and recommended that everyone got vaccinated.\r\n\r\nHere at State of Health, we've noticed that a lot of the same questions come up again and again. With that in mind, we've compiled some answers.\r\n1. Is the flu shot really the best way I can avoid getting the flu?",
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"description": "State health officials have released the latest numbers on flu deaths -- 202 people have died so far this year and that's up from 147 last week. That's the bad news, but for the first time since early January, health officials are also saying that cases appear to be declining. At least for now. Flu season generally runs three months and is "notoriously unpredictable," said Dr. James Watt, with the California Department of Public Heatlh and recommended that everyone got vaccinated.\r\n\r\nHere at State of Health, we've noticed that a lot of the same questions come up again and again. With that in mind, we've compiled some answers.\r\n1. Is the flu shot really the best way I can avoid getting the flu?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17571\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8589_031-e1391802798747.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17571\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8589_031-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"(Kathryn Hunts/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kathryn Hunts/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update February 21, 2014:\u003c/strong> The California Department of Public Health says 278 people have died of flu so far this year, and an additional 29 deaths are under investigation. While cases have been declining for a few weeks, state health officials still recommend people get vaccinated, if they haven't already.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials have released the latest numbers on flu deaths -- 202 people have died so far this year and that's up from 147 last week. That's the bad news, but for the first time since early January, health officials are also saying that cases appear to be declining. At least for now. Flu season generally runs three months and is \"notoriously unpredictable,\" said Dr. James Watt, with the California Department of Public Heatlh and recommended that everyone got vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at State of Health, we've noticed that a lot of the same questions come up again and again. With that in mind, we've compiled some answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Is the flu shot really the best way I can avoid getting the flu? \u003c/strong>In a word, yes. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">says\u003c/a> \"the single best way to protect against the flu is to get vaccinated each year.\" And you need to get it annually. While everyone over age 6 months should have it, CDC says, it's especially important for people in high risk groups including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>People with certain underlying medical conditions including asthma, diabetes, chronic lung disease and obesity\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Children under age 5 and adults over age 65\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pregnant women -- yes, pregnant women, the vaccine is safe and effective for you, CDC says.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Getting the flu shot is not a guarantee that you will not get the flu. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm\" target=\"_blank\">No vaccine is perfect\u003c/a>, but even if you get sick, you are likely to have a more mild course of illness if you have had the vaccine. If you haven't gotten vaccinated yet, you can find a flu shot location near you by \u003ca href=\"http://flushot.healthmap.org\" target=\"_blank\">entering your zip code on this map\u003c/a> run by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(As an aside, I became a fan of the flu shot after I got the flu many years ago. It came on suddenly one afternoon -- but I had Bruce Springsteen tickets that night and was determined to go. I felt worse and worse all afternoon. When I got to the Coliseum, I believe I heard the first couple songs and then fell asleep. I proceeded to sleep and fight fever for the next two days, then spent another several days recovering. It was awful.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Why is the H1N1 strain such a big deal? \u003c/strong>The H1N1 strain surfaced in April, 2009. The first reported cases were in Mexico, and the strain went on to cause a \"pandemic\" (i.e., a global epidemic). Scientists raced to create a vaccine, but it took months. In California alone, over a roughly 16 month period, more than 600 people died. What was unusual about this strain is that the death rate in adults under 65 was higher than adults over 65. Usually influenza hits the elderly harder. Epidemiologists theorize that a similar strain may have been circulating decades ago, so older adults have some immunity to H1N1. But those under 65, not so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Why does California only track flu deaths in people under 65? \u003c/strong>Taking a step back, state officials say they believe California is the only state that tracks all flu deaths in adults. The CDC samples the country and then estimates deaths for people of all ages, but does not require reporting of all flu deaths from any state. California only started tracking flu deaths on a case-by-case basis in the 2011-2012 flu season. The legislature had passed a mandatory reporting requirement in the wake of the H1N1 pandemic noted above. The state says the goal of reporting is to track the severity of the flu season. Because flu is so common in the elderly, the state says, tracking deaths in that group would not be as good an indicator of severity. And besides, it's not required by law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Can the flu shot give me the flu? \u003c/strong>In a word, no. The vaccine is created from killed viruses. While the shot cannot give you the flu, it can have minor side effects including soreness or swelling at the site of the injection, low fever or aches. Many children like the nasal spray vaccine. Here the viruses are weakened and cannot cause severe flu symptoms. But it still can cause minor side effects including runny nose, wheezing, aches and fever. CDC says that if these side effects happen, they usually start soon after vaccination and don't last long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. If the flu season is peaking, then I don't need to worry about the flu until next year, right? \u003c/strong>Um, no. This question comes up frequently in the weekly media call about flu with state health officials. They're pretty clear that flu is unpredictable, that you can only know the season has ended after it has ended, and that even if we're past a peak now, there could be another round -- something they referred to as the \"double bump.\" Health officials continue to encourage everyone over age 6 months to get vaccinated. While it can take two weeks for antibodies to kick in after you get the vaccine, you will be protected after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Newsroom's Thuy Vu discussed this year's flu season with Dr. Erica Pan, Alameda County of Public Health, and me Friday night on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZU0TXuNb9Ys'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZU0TXuNb9Ys'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"H6LrfRby61J9O4WQO6Vd4VPLltEkkXeX\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Yes, Birth Control Can Raise Risk of Blood Clots; So Does Pregnancy",
"title": "Yes, Birth Control Can Raise Risk of Blood Clots; So Does Pregnancy",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/NuvaRing_Getty-e1392058150988.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17588\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/NuvaRing_Getty-640x301.jpg\" alt=\"The NuvaRing birth control product is a flexible ring which releases hormones. A woman replaces it herself once a month. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"301\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NuvaRing birth control product is a flexible ring which releases hormones. A woman replaces it herself once a month. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Merck, the drug company that makes the NuvaRing birth control product, announced last week it \u003ca href=\"http://healthland.time.com/2014/02/07/nuvaring-settlement-100-million-dollars/\" target=\"_blank\">will pay $100 million\u003c/a> to settle thousands of claims from women who believe they were harmed by using the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/09/273145327/nuvaring-contraceptive-settlement-leaves-women-weighing-risks\" target=\"_blank\"> NPR\u003c/a> reported Monday, NuvaRing is the most recent hormone-based kind of birth control to \"become the focus of scrutiny.\" All hormone-based contraceptives, including the pill, put a woman at increased risk of blood clots, stroke and heart attack. Women need to weigh the risks of pregnancy with the risks of hormonal contraception, experts advise. But the key thing to remember is that the risks remain rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Policar is an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at U.C. San Francisco. \"If you take a rare event, make it a little more common, it is still a rare event,\" he told NPR -- but still believes that studies are needed that compare NuvaRing head-to-head with other forms of contraception.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR does a great service explaining absolute vs. relative risk. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/09/273145327/nuvaring-contraceptive-settlement-leaves-women-weighing-risks\" target=\"_blank\">their analysis\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The nonprofit sex education website Besider.org lays out \u003ca href=\"http://bedsider.org/features/168\" target=\"_blank\">absolute risks of blood clots\u003c/a>: For young women who are \u003cem>not\u003c/em> pregnant and \u003cem>not\u003c/em> using a birth control method with estrogen, the risk of forming a blood clot is about 1 in 5,000 per year; when using birth control methods with estrogen, that risk may be as high as 1 in 1,000 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women need to compare that to the risk of pregnancy, too, says Bill Albert, chief program officer for the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, which runs Bedsider. The risk of forming a blood clot while pregnant shoots up to about \u003ca href=\"http://bedsider.org/features/168\">1 in 340\u003c/a>, Albert says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the various complications of an unplanned pregnancy, Albert says, \"skipping birth control altogether for fear of blood clots isn't the way to protect oneself.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Some advocates have been pushing for more disclosure of NuvaRing's risks -- but believe the product does not have to be pulled from the market. \"Even when there's scientific uncertainty … that information can be presented in a way that women can deal with,\" Amy Allina, with the \u003ca href=\"http://nwhn.org/pill-hearings-1970-0\" target=\"_blank\">National Women's Health Network\u003c/a>, told NPR. She continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Merck's proposed settlement is \"generally a good development if it means that women are able to get the resources they need,\" Allina says. But clearer explanations of risk are needed for women who may be looking at NuvaRing in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Merck says the company \"does conduct routine and ongoing monitoring\" of the product and that \"we also update the labeling for our products on a regular basis and where appropriate to reflect reported adverse events, regardless of whether causality has been established.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women have lots of choices when it comes to birth control, Policar says. A range of methods — some without any hormones — are available. Second, blood clots \"happen almost entirely in women who are predisposed\" because of their weight, age, family and personal history, or smoking habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, if a woman is happy with the method she has and is using it effectively — and is in the low-risk category — she should know the risk of blood clots with the NuvaRing is still less than with pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Policar says, he would \"leave the choice up to her.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"CdiAKIyQ0fITXe5b3wjOCvkdq8GTzKT8\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Dr. Michael Policar is an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at U.C. San Francisco. \"If you take a rare event, make it a little more common, it is still a rare event,\" he told NPR -- but still believes that studies are needed that compare NuvaRing head-to-head with other forms of contraception.",
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"title": "Yes, Birth Control Can Raise Risk of Blood Clots; So Does Pregnancy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17588\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/NuvaRing_Getty-e1392058150988.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17588\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/NuvaRing_Getty-640x301.jpg\" alt=\"The NuvaRing birth control product is a flexible ring which releases hormones. A woman replaces it herself once a month. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"301\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NuvaRing birth control product is a flexible ring which releases hormones. A woman replaces it herself once a month. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Merck, the drug company that makes the NuvaRing birth control product, announced last week it \u003ca href=\"http://healthland.time.com/2014/02/07/nuvaring-settlement-100-million-dollars/\" target=\"_blank\">will pay $100 million\u003c/a> to settle thousands of claims from women who believe they were harmed by using the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/09/273145327/nuvaring-contraceptive-settlement-leaves-women-weighing-risks\" target=\"_blank\"> NPR\u003c/a> reported Monday, NuvaRing is the most recent hormone-based kind of birth control to \"become the focus of scrutiny.\" All hormone-based contraceptives, including the pill, put a woman at increased risk of blood clots, stroke and heart attack. Women need to weigh the risks of pregnancy with the risks of hormonal contraception, experts advise. But the key thing to remember is that the risks remain rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Policar is an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at U.C. San Francisco. \"If you take a rare event, make it a little more common, it is still a rare event,\" he told NPR -- but still believes that studies are needed that compare NuvaRing head-to-head with other forms of contraception.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR does a great service explaining absolute vs. relative risk. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/02/09/273145327/nuvaring-contraceptive-settlement-leaves-women-weighing-risks\" target=\"_blank\">their analysis\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The nonprofit sex education website Besider.org lays out \u003ca href=\"http://bedsider.org/features/168\" target=\"_blank\">absolute risks of blood clots\u003c/a>: For young women who are \u003cem>not\u003c/em> pregnant and \u003cem>not\u003c/em> using a birth control method with estrogen, the risk of forming a blood clot is about 1 in 5,000 per year; when using birth control methods with estrogen, that risk may be as high as 1 in 1,000 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women need to compare that to the risk of pregnancy, too, says Bill Albert, chief program officer for the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, which runs Bedsider. The risk of forming a blood clot while pregnant shoots up to about \u003ca href=\"http://bedsider.org/features/168\">1 in 340\u003c/a>, Albert says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the various complications of an unplanned pregnancy, Albert says, \"skipping birth control altogether for fear of blood clots isn't the way to protect oneself.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Some advocates have been pushing for more disclosure of NuvaRing's risks -- but believe the product does not have to be pulled from the market. \"Even when there's scientific uncertainty … that information can be presented in a way that women can deal with,\" Amy Allina, with the \u003ca href=\"http://nwhn.org/pill-hearings-1970-0\" target=\"_blank\">National Women's Health Network\u003c/a>, told NPR. She continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Merck's proposed settlement is \"generally a good development if it means that women are able to get the resources they need,\" Allina says. But clearer explanations of risk are needed for women who may be looking at NuvaRing in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Merck says the company \"does conduct routine and ongoing monitoring\" of the product and that \"we also update the labeling for our products on a regular basis and where appropriate to reflect reported adverse events, regardless of whether causality has been established.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women have lots of choices when it comes to birth control, Policar says. A range of methods — some without any hormones — are available. Second, blood clots \"happen almost entirely in women who are predisposed\" because of their weight, age, family and personal history, or smoking habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, if a woman is happy with the method she has and is using it effectively — and is in the low-risk category — she should know the risk of blood clots with the NuvaRing is still less than with pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Policar says, he would \"leave the choice up to her.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"CdiAKIyQ0fITXe5b3wjOCvkdq8GTzKT8\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Marijuana Help Children with Severe Epilepsy?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17516\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-e1391666743370.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17516\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan>By Danielle Venton\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Mark Kohr doesn't smoke pot. But open his freezer and among the tamales and organic chicken strips, you'll also find four pounds of cannabis. He plans to process the cannabis, worth about $900, into an oil for his daughter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Camille, who is 13, has \u003c/span>\u003cspan>a severe, sometimes fatal, form of epilepsy known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.dravetfoundation.org/dravet-syndrome/what-is-dravet-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\">Dravet Syndrome\u003c/a>. Like many kids with Dravet Syndrome, conventional medications didn't seem to work. Kohr says that the cannabis her parents prepare for her does.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we are with one of the most difficult medical things to treat -- seizures,\" Kohr says. \"And we're making the medicine at home. Isn't that the weirdest thing on earth?\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark and Marian Kohr are among dozens of parents in the Bay Area who go to extreme lengths because they believe a rare, hard-to-find form of medical marijuana helps their epileptic or autistic children. The Kohrs started treating Camille with cannabis three years ago. Before that, she was suffering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Camille could be in a seizurey state for three days,\" Kohr recalled. \"Her eyes were blinking and rolling back. Her speech was degraded; she couldn't talk very well. She couldn't really walk. And then she would have grand mal seizures when her whole body would shake and convulse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Today, Camille has gone off all but two medications. She's having fewer seizures. She's thinking faster, talking more, cracking jokes, and, her mother says, able to connect with people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For instance, today we went to the vet,\" Marian Kohr said. \"She was the one who spoke to the vet. I stood behind her, and … she answered all the questions. She would never have been able to do that before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special strain of marijuana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extract Camille takes isn't typical marijuana. Her parents grow a strain that is rich in the compound \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=644019\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol\u003c/a> -- or CBD -- and low in \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=16078\" target=\"_blank\">tetrahydrocannabinol\u003c/a>, or THC. THC is the chemical that makes users feel high. Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com/Rationale%20and%20Preclinical.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">studies \u003c/a>indicate CBD can reduce seizures, minimize inflammation and prevent brain damage after an injury. Despite California being the first state to legalize medical marijuana, parents like the Kohrs still face an uphill battle when it comes to finding high-quality cannabis this is also high in CBD and low THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the issue of trying to figure out how much to give their daughter. A prescription for medical marijuana isn't like one for antibiotics. Kohr says he was given a \"recommendation prescription\" from a doctor. But he couldn't get any information about where to buy the cannabis or a dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kohrs opted to form a collective with more than a dozen other Bay Area families. They call it the \"Green Girls Collective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"There's all these parents where we're all figuring it out,\" Kohr says, \"with our children, in our kitchens and in our homes and telling each other. It's a really unique state of affairs.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/133411106&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&visual=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>The collective allows parents to buy cannabis from commercial growers, legally under state law. Still, many parents are nervous they'll get in trouble with Child Protective Services or their children's school administration. And not all children respond as Camille has. Some parents stop giving cannabis to their kids because they haven't seen a benefit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are at a loss to explain how CBD works or why it works in some patients, but not others. Part of the problem is that the government classifies marijuana as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Schedule 1 drug\u003c/a> -- something with a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. This means it's harder for a clinical researcher to study the effects of marijuana than cocaine. And this isn't just a U.S. problem -- there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/end-the-ban-on-psychoactive-drug-research/%5D\" target=\"_blank\">similar restrictions\u003c/a> on marijuana research in much of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joseph Sullivan says he doesn't want to get on a \"political soap box,\" but he calls these policies \"crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Sullivan directs the Pediatric Epilepsy Center at the U.C. San Francisco Bennioff Children's Hospital. Many of the children in the Green Girls Collective are his patients, though he doesn't give advice about dosing or where to get CBD. The current lack of research, he says, is frustrating and confusing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"We don't really know the actual doses of CBD that are required to get optimal seizure control,\" he says. \"In those patients of mine who have been taking their own naturally prepared tinctures some are responding to extremely low doses and others are requiring very, very high doses and still may not be responding.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD-enriched cannabis, the kind that Mark and Marian Kohr grow, still contains some THC. As the dose of CBD gets higher, parents worry about giving their child too much THC. Some data indicate THC can hamper brain development and promote convulsions -- exactly what parents are trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New research starting \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now families have a new hope. UCSF is one of six centers in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/02/111641/marijuana-derived-epilepsy-drug-clinical-trial-children-uncontrolled-seizures\" target=\"_blank\">testing\u003c/a> a pure form of CBD made by a British \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com\" target=\"_blank\">drug company\u003c/a>. This is the first time the FDA has approved the experimental testing of a cannabis-derived drug designed for children. At the same time, the Drug Enforcement Administration still considers CBD, a Schedule 1 drug. Roberta Cilio, the UCSF neurologist who is leading the investigation, had to get a DEA license and pass an extensive background check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was interviewed twice and then they came to look at the premises, Cillo said. \"The cabinet we usually use for narcotics is not enough, so the drug has to be kept in a safe. And really it's a very big complication even for a very experienced investigational pharmacy as we have here at UCSF.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the hospital pharmacy didn't have one, a benefactor donated a safe. The pharmacists also had to go through DEA approval and training to handle the drug. To start, Sullivan and Cilio are only allowed to enroll about 25 patients. But the interest from families has been enormous and, they worry, overly optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"I think the frenzy has been augmented by the fact that this is looked at as a natural substance and therefore it must not have any side effects which I think we really need to be careful about,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>What's needed, the doctors say, are larger, placebo-controlled studies. If the drug proves effective for the initial patients, the drug company hopes to begin clinical trials and push for regulation. As parents and patients lobby for marijuana legislation reform, says Sullivan, political winds seem to be shifting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's good news for families like the Kohrs. Buying the drug would be much easier than the painstaking process of growing plants and making extracts every few weeks in their kitchen. Pot plants take a huge amount of work and each batch of medicine takes about four hours to process.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mark and Marian Kohr are among dozens of parents in the Bay Area who go to extreme lengths because they believe a rare, hard-to-find form of medical marijuana helps their epileptic or autistic children. The Kohrs started treating Camille with cannabis three years ago. Before that, she was suffering.\r\n\r\n\"Camille could be in a seizurey state for three days,\" Kohr recalled. \"Her eyes were blinking and rolling back. Her speech was degraded; she couldn't talk very well. She couldn't really walk. And then she would have grand mal seizures when her whole body would shake and convulse.\" Today, Camille has gone off all but two medications. She's having fewer seizures. She's thinking faster, talking more, cracking jokes, and, her mother says, able to connect with people.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17516\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-e1391666743370.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17516\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS4903_marajuanasales-scr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan>By Danielle Venton\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Mark Kohr doesn't smoke pot. But open his freezer and among the tamales and organic chicken strips, you'll also find four pounds of cannabis. He plans to process the cannabis, worth about $900, into an oil for his daughter. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Camille, who is 13, has \u003c/span>\u003cspan>a severe, sometimes fatal, form of epilepsy known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.dravetfoundation.org/dravet-syndrome/what-is-dravet-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\">Dravet Syndrome\u003c/a>. Like many kids with Dravet Syndrome, conventional medications didn't seem to work. Kohr says that the cannabis her parents prepare for her does.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we are with one of the most difficult medical things to treat -- seizures,\" Kohr says. \"And we're making the medicine at home. Isn't that the weirdest thing on earth?\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark and Marian Kohr are among dozens of parents in the Bay Area who go to extreme lengths because they believe a rare, hard-to-find form of medical marijuana helps their epileptic or autistic children. The Kohrs started treating Camille with cannabis three years ago. Before that, she was suffering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Camille could be in a seizurey state for three days,\" Kohr recalled. \"Her eyes were blinking and rolling back. Her speech was degraded; she couldn't talk very well. She couldn't really walk. And then she would have grand mal seizures when her whole body would shake and convulse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Today, Camille has gone off all but two medications. She's having fewer seizures. She's thinking faster, talking more, cracking jokes, and, her mother says, able to connect with people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For instance, today we went to the vet,\" Marian Kohr said. \"She was the one who spoke to the vet. I stood behind her, and … she answered all the questions. She would never have been able to do that before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special strain of marijuana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extract Camille takes isn't typical marijuana. Her parents grow a strain that is rich in the compound \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=644019\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol\u003c/a> -- or CBD -- and low in \u003ca href=\"http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=16078\" target=\"_blank\">tetrahydrocannabinol\u003c/a>, or THC. THC is the chemical that makes users feel high. Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com/Rationale%20and%20Preclinical.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">studies \u003c/a>indicate CBD can reduce seizures, minimize inflammation and prevent brain damage after an injury. Despite California being the first state to legalize medical marijuana, parents like the Kohrs still face an uphill battle when it comes to finding high-quality cannabis this is also high in CBD and low THC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the issue of trying to figure out how much to give their daughter. A prescription for medical marijuana isn't like one for antibiotics. Kohr says he was given a \"recommendation prescription\" from a doctor. But he couldn't get any information about where to buy the cannabis or a dosage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kohrs opted to form a collective with more than a dozen other Bay Area families. They call it the \"Green Girls Collective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"There's all these parents where we're all figuring it out,\" Kohr says, \"with our children, in our kitchens and in our homes and telling each other. It's a really unique state of affairs.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/133411106&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&visual=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>The collective allows parents to buy cannabis from commercial growers, legally under state law. Still, many parents are nervous they'll get in trouble with Child Protective Services or their children's school administration. And not all children respond as Camille has. Some parents stop giving cannabis to their kids because they haven't seen a benefit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are at a loss to explain how CBD works or why it works in some patients, but not others. Part of the problem is that the government classifies marijuana as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/ds.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Schedule 1 drug\u003c/a> -- something with a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use. This means it's harder for a clinical researcher to study the effects of marijuana than cocaine. And this isn't just a U.S. problem -- there are \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/end-the-ban-on-psychoactive-drug-research/%5D\" target=\"_blank\">similar restrictions\u003c/a> on marijuana research in much of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joseph Sullivan says he doesn't want to get on a \"political soap box,\" but he calls these policies \"crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Sullivan directs the Pediatric Epilepsy Center at the U.C. San Francisco Bennioff Children's Hospital. Many of the children in the Green Girls Collective are his patients, though he doesn't give advice about dosing or where to get CBD. The current lack of research, he says, is frustrating and confusing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"We don't really know the actual doses of CBD that are required to get optimal seizure control,\" he says. \"In those patients of mine who have been taking their own naturally prepared tinctures some are responding to extremely low doses and others are requiring very, very high doses and still may not be responding.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBD-enriched cannabis, the kind that Mark and Marian Kohr grow, still contains some THC. As the dose of CBD gets higher, parents worry about giving their child too much THC. Some data indicate THC can hamper brain development and promote convulsions -- exactly what parents are trying to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New research starting \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now families have a new hope. UCSF is one of six centers in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/02/111641/marijuana-derived-epilepsy-drug-clinical-trial-children-uncontrolled-seizures\" target=\"_blank\">testing\u003c/a> a pure form of CBD made by a British \u003ca href=\"http://www.gwpharm.com\" target=\"_blank\">drug company\u003c/a>. This is the first time the FDA has approved the experimental testing of a cannabis-derived drug designed for children. At the same time, the Drug Enforcement Administration still considers CBD, a Schedule 1 drug. Roberta Cilio, the UCSF neurologist who is leading the investigation, had to get a DEA license and pass an extensive background check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was interviewed twice and then they came to look at the premises, Cillo said. \"The cabinet we usually use for narcotics is not enough, so the drug has to be kept in a safe. And really it's a very big complication even for a very experienced investigational pharmacy as we have here at UCSF.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the hospital pharmacy didn't have one, a benefactor donated a safe. The pharmacists also had to go through DEA approval and training to handle the drug. To start, Sullivan and Cilio are only allowed to enroll about 25 patients. But the interest from families has been enormous and, they worry, overly optimistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"I think the frenzy has been augmented by the fact that this is looked at as a natural substance and therefore it must not have any side effects which I think we really need to be careful about,\" Sullivan said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>What's needed, the doctors say, are larger, placebo-controlled studies. If the drug proves effective for the initial patients, the drug company hopes to begin clinical trials and push for regulation. As parents and patients lobby for marijuana legislation reform, says Sullivan, political winds seem to be shifting.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's good news for families like the Kohrs. Buying the drug would be much easier than the painstaking process of growing plants and making extracts every few weeks in their kitchen. Pot plants take a huge amount of work and each batch of medicine takes about four hours to process.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Whooping Cough Vaccine: Does Its Effectiveness Wear Off Faster?",
"title": "Whooping Cough Vaccine: Does Its Effectiveness Wear Off Faster?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17600\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/104228158-e1392067906728.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17600\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/104228158-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"A vial containing the acellular pertussis vaccine. (Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vial containing the acellular pertussis vaccine. (Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new rise in whooping cough cases in California is raising questions among doctors about whether there are problems with the current vaccine. California \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Pertussis%20report%202-4-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">public health data \u003c/a>show a spike in whooping cough cases in 2013 compared to the year before, and last week officials confirmed the first death from the disease since the major outbreak of 2010: an infant in Riverside.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The attempt at making vaccines safer has created a potential lapse in protection.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough, or pertussis as it is referred to in medical circles, is cyclical in nature and tends to peak every three to five years. But doctors are now finding evidence that the new vaccine may start to wear off on a similar timeline, despite medical recommendations that allow for a span of eight years between booster shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"75e2b90f971831849adca0e1633a4908\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The efficacy of the new vaccine is really good, it works. It’s just that it wanes, and it wanes more quickly,” said Dr. Michael Witte, a pediatrician in Pt. Reyes, north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new acellular whooping cough vaccine was introduced in the 1990s. It has fewer side effects than the earlier whole-cell vaccine that had been in use since the 1940s. By 2001, the old vaccine was completely phased out. So while many adolescent kids have received boosters of the new vaccine, they would have gotten shots when they were babies that included the old vaccine.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids who are now between 11 and 15 years old -- the main group that is getting sick -- are the first generation to have received only the new vaccine. That is leading doctors treating them to conclude that immunity from the acellular vaccine starts to wear off after three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0518368a6e2e7d73af4dc8bfccc32f06\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pertussis vaccines have never been that strong,” said Paul Katz, a pediatrician at Kaiser Permanente in San Rafael. “But the attempt at making vaccines safer has created a potential lapse in protection in older people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katz’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinmedicalsociety.org/magazine/articles/?articleid=608\" target=\"_blank\">recent research\u003c/a> in Marin County shows that kids who have received had only the new vaccine are five times more likely to get whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current medical recommendation is for kids to get four whooping cough shots in the first two years of life, then a booster before kindergarten and another in middle school. That’s a span of up to eight years. Now doctors are talking about whether the recommendations need to be updated to account for the three year dip in the vaccine’s effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This phenomenon of waning immunity is just coming to the surface,” said Dr. James Watt, the chief of communicable disease control for the California Department of Public Health. He says the review of current recommendations has reached the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks at the national level are looking at information about the effectiveness of giving additional doses, whether there are issues with any local reactions associated with additional doses, things like that,” he said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katz and Dr. Witte agree that the root of both the 2010 and 2013 whooping cough outbreaks in Marin was a cluster of kids who had never been vaccinated. Marin has the highest rate of the disease of any county in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Pertussis%20report%202-4-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">public health data\u003c/a>. Doctors believe those numbers are directly related to the county's comparatively high rate of parents who \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2012-2013%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">declined to vaccinate\u003c/a> their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of unvaccinated children that acted as the kindling to start an outbreak,” said Dr. Katz. “Those children were able to infect all the other children who were vaccinated but were too early for a booster – they became the rest of the wood to start the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">new state law\u003c/a> that went into effect in January now requires families who refuse vaccines to talk to a health care provider about the risks and benefits of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/134124755&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new rise in whooping cough cases in California is raising questions among doctors about whether there are problems with the current vaccine. California public health data show a spike in whooping cough cases in 2013 compared to the year before, and last week officials confirmed the first death from the disease since the major outbreak of 2010: an infant in Riverside.\r\n\r\nWhooping cough, or pertussis as it is referred to in medical circles, is cyclical in nature and tends to peak every three to five years. But doctors are now finding evidence that the new vaccine may start to wear off on a similar timeline, despite medical recommendations that allow for a span of eight years between booster shots.",
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"description": "A new rise in whooping cough cases in California is raising questions among doctors about whether there are problems with the current vaccine. California public health data show a spike in whooping cough cases in 2013 compared to the year before, and last week officials confirmed the first death from the disease since the major outbreak of 2010: an infant in Riverside.\r\n\r\nWhooping cough, or pertussis as it is referred to in medical circles, is cyclical in nature and tends to peak every three to five years. But doctors are now finding evidence that the new vaccine may start to wear off on a similar timeline, despite medical recommendations that allow for a span of eight years between booster shots.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17600\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/104228158-e1392067906728.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17600\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/104228158-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"A vial containing the acellular pertussis vaccine. (Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A vial containing the acellular pertussis vaccine. (Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new rise in whooping cough cases in California is raising questions among doctors about whether there are problems with the current vaccine. California \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Pertussis%20report%202-4-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">public health data \u003c/a>show a spike in whooping cough cases in 2013 compared to the year before, and last week officials confirmed the first death from the disease since the major outbreak of 2010: an infant in Riverside.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The attempt at making vaccines safer has created a potential lapse in protection.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough, or pertussis as it is referred to in medical circles, is cyclical in nature and tends to peak every three to five years. But doctors are now finding evidence that the new vaccine may start to wear off on a similar timeline, despite medical recommendations that allow for a span of eight years between booster shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The efficacy of the new vaccine is really good, it works. It’s just that it wanes, and it wanes more quickly,” said Dr. Michael Witte, a pediatrician in Pt. Reyes, north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new acellular whooping cough vaccine was introduced in the 1990s. It has fewer side effects than the earlier whole-cell vaccine that had been in use since the 1940s. By 2001, the old vaccine was completely phased out. So while many adolescent kids have received boosters of the new vaccine, they would have gotten shots when they were babies that included the old vaccine.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids who are now between 11 and 15 years old -- the main group that is getting sick -- are the first generation to have received only the new vaccine. That is leading doctors treating them to conclude that immunity from the acellular vaccine starts to wear off after three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pertussis vaccines have never been that strong,” said Paul Katz, a pediatrician at Kaiser Permanente in San Rafael. “But the attempt at making vaccines safer has created a potential lapse in protection in older people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katz’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinmedicalsociety.org/magazine/articles/?articleid=608\" target=\"_blank\">recent research\u003c/a> in Marin County shows that kids who have received had only the new vaccine are five times more likely to get whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current medical recommendation is for kids to get four whooping cough shots in the first two years of life, then a booster before kindergarten and another in middle school. That’s a span of up to eight years. Now doctors are talking about whether the recommendations need to be updated to account for the three year dip in the vaccine’s effectiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This phenomenon of waning immunity is just coming to the surface,” said Dr. James Watt, the chief of communicable disease control for the California Department of Public Health. He says the review of current recommendations has reached the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks at the national level are looking at information about the effectiveness of giving additional doses, whether there are issues with any local reactions associated with additional doses, things like that,” he said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Katz and Dr. Witte agree that the root of both the 2010 and 2013 whooping cough outbreaks in Marin was a cluster of kids who had never been vaccinated. Marin has the highest rate of the disease of any county in California, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/Pertussis%20report%202-4-2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">public health data\u003c/a>. Doctors believe those numbers are directly related to the county's comparatively high rate of parents who \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2012-2013%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">declined to vaccinate\u003c/a> their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of unvaccinated children that acted as the kindling to start an outbreak,” said Dr. Katz. “Those children were able to infect all the other children who were vaccinated but were too early for a booster – they became the rest of the wood to start the fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">new state law\u003c/a> that went into effect in January now requires families who refuse vaccines to talk to a health care provider about the risks and benefits of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/134124755&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "At-Home Test Good Alternative to Colonoscopy, Study Confirms",
"title": "At-Home Test Good Alternative to Colonoscopy, Study Confirms",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>If you're like most of my colleagues in the newsroom, you read that headline and thought, \"GREAT! What is the alternative test?!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the quick background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer killer in the U.S. A colonoscopy is an excellent screening tool. But more than one-third of people who are supposed to get it (that's people ages 50-75) don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? I think you can guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A colonoscopy is an invasive screening test that can involve missing one to two days of work, an inconvenient preparation process and then a \"colonoscope is gently eased inside the colon and sends pictures to a TV screen,\" the American Cancer Society \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/examandtestdescriptions/faq-colonoscopy-and-sigmoidoscopy\" target=\"_blank\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that there's a less invasive option. It's called FIT -- fecal immunochemical test -- and essentially, you are taking a stool sample at home, in the privacy of your own bathroom. There's no preparation and there are no dietary restrictions. FIT will detect hidden blood in the stool, a sign of colon cancer or large polyps that could become cancerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer-early-detection-screening-tests-used\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> explains how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>… blood vessels at the surface of larger colorectal polyps or cancers are often fragile and easily damaged by the passage of feces. The damaged vessels usually release a small amount of blood into the feces, but only rarely is there enough bleeding for blood to be visible in the stool.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>FIT is not new -- it's already a recommended screening test from both the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer-early-detection-screening-tests-used\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/colocancer/colors.htm\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a>, but few people know about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors behind \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819122\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> published Monday -- from UCSF and Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research -- are hoping their research will change that. The researchers conducted what's called a meta-analysis, a review of existing studies, to reach their conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their review, doctors found that FIT correctly identified 80 percent of people who have cancer, and FIT correctly identified more than 94 percent of people who did not have cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, you might be thinking the inverse -- that 20 percent of people with cancer were missed. But FIT is a test that's meant to be done annually, and colon cancers generally are slow-growing. \"You will be tested (again) after a year goes by,\" said Dr. Jeffrey Lee, lead author of the study who works at both Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research and UCSF. \"During year two, the chances that the FIT test will detect it is much higher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, if non-cancerous polyps are removed, then patients may well be avoiding a later cancer diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Theodore Levin, another of the study's authors, heads up colorectal screening for the Permanente Medical Group. Kaiser instituted a coordinated screening approach for its members several years ago, which includes mailing FITs to its members who are not up-to-date on screening. Kaiser's screening rate is going up and the incidence of colorectal cancer is going down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"FIT represents a really easy-to-use option for colon screening,\" Levin says. \"It's a much easier sell to get people to do the FIT test\" than undergo a colonoscopy. \"There's no way around it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was published in the \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819122\" target=\"_blank\">Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "If you're like most of my colleagues in the newsroom, you read that headline and thought, \"GREAT! What is the alternative test?!\"\r\n\r\nHere's the quick background: colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer killer in the U.S. The colonoscopy is an excellent screening tool. But more than one-third of people who are supposed to get it (that's people ages 50-75) don't.\r\n\r\nWhy? I think you can guess.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you're like most of my colleagues in the newsroom, you read that headline and thought, \"GREAT! What is the alternative test?!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the quick background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer killer in the U.S. A colonoscopy is an excellent screening tool. But more than one-third of people who are supposed to get it (that's people ages 50-75) don't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? I think you can guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A colonoscopy is an invasive screening test that can involve missing one to two days of work, an inconvenient preparation process and then a \"colonoscope is gently eased inside the colon and sends pictures to a TV screen,\" the American Cancer Society \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/healthy/findcancerearly/examandtestdescriptions/faq-colonoscopy-and-sigmoidoscopy\" target=\"_blank\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that there's a less invasive option. It's called FIT -- fecal immunochemical test -- and essentially, you are taking a stool sample at home, in the privacy of your own bathroom. There's no preparation and there are no dietary restrictions. FIT will detect hidden blood in the stool, a sign of colon cancer or large polyps that could become cancerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer-early-detection-screening-tests-used\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> explains how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>… blood vessels at the surface of larger colorectal polyps or cancers are often fragile and easily damaged by the passage of feces. The damaged vessels usually release a small amount of blood into the feces, but only rarely is there enough bleeding for blood to be visible in the stool.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>FIT is not new -- it's already a recommended screening test from both the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/cancer/colonandrectumcancer/moreinformation/colonandrectumcancerearlydetection/colorectal-cancer-early-detection-screening-tests-used\" target=\"_blank\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/colocancer/colors.htm\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a>, but few people know about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors behind \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819122\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> published Monday -- from UCSF and Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research -- are hoping their research will change that. The researchers conducted what's called a meta-analysis, a review of existing studies, to reach their conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their review, doctors found that FIT correctly identified 80 percent of people who have cancer, and FIT correctly identified more than 94 percent of people who did not have cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, you might be thinking the inverse -- that 20 percent of people with cancer were missed. But FIT is a test that's meant to be done annually, and colon cancers generally are slow-growing. \"You will be tested (again) after a year goes by,\" said Dr. Jeffrey Lee, lead author of the study who works at both Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research and UCSF. \"During year two, the chances that the FIT test will detect it is much higher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, if non-cancerous polyps are removed, then patients may well be avoiding a later cancer diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Theodore Levin, another of the study's authors, heads up colorectal screening for the Permanente Medical Group. Kaiser instituted a coordinated screening approach for its members several years ago, which includes mailing FITs to its members who are not up-to-date on screening. Kaiser's screening rate is going up and the incidence of colorectal cancer is going down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"FIT represents a really easy-to-use option for colon screening,\" Levin says. \"It's a much easier sell to get people to do the FIT test\" than undergo a colonoscopy. \"There's no way around it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was published in the \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1819122\" target=\"_blank\">Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Philip Seymour Hoffman's Tragic Death Teaches Us About Addiction",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-17429\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Philip Seymour Hoffman arrives for the Los Angeles premiere of 'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' in Los Angeles, California, last November. Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf-320x216.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philip Seymour Hoffman arrives for the Los Angeles premiere of 'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' last November. Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I think pretty much everyone must know by now, the actor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/02/philip-seymour-hoffman-art-howe-moneyball-role\" target=\"_blank\">Philip Seymour Hoffman died Sunday\u003c/a>, apparently of a heroin overdose. I was stunned when I found out, then deeply saddened when I read reports that he had told \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/2006-philip-seymour-hoffman-on-60-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" in 2006 that he had given up drugs and alcohol when he was 22 -- \"I got panicked for my life,\" he told Steve Kroft. Hoffman \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/movies/philip-seymour-hoffman-actor-dies-at-46.html?hp&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">relapsed\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my sadness turned to a kind of cold fury when I saw too many comments on social media clucking disapproval for Hoffman's \"selfishness\" and \"poor choices.\" (I'm not linking to them here; you can find them easily enough if you want to.) One friend on Facebook noted that another friend's thread about Hoffman was the only one he'd seen acknowledging \"the tragedy of his drug addiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, indeed, addiction is a disease. Dr. David Smith has treated thousands of addicts since he founded the Haight Ashbury Free Clinic in 1967. He talked to me about \"battling an uninformed public.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas. Addiction is a disease of the brain,\" he said. If you don't think addiction is a disease, Smith said, \"then take a laxative, sit on the toilet and try not to have a bowel movement.\" Yes, a simplistic analogy, he said, \"but effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith told me about the \"4 C's of addiction\" -- craving, compulsion, loss of control and continued use in spite of bad consequences. \"Craving is a signal,\" Smith said, then added the worst thing an addict can do when craving is to isolate. Hoffman appears to have died alone, in a Greenwich Village apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moving piece for The Guardian, the comedian and actor Russell Brand talked about the power of support -- or \"fellowships\" -- in battling his own craving for heroin. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/mar/09/russell-brand-life-without-drugs\" target=\"_blank\">whole piece\u003c/a> is worth a read, but I'll excerpt here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Without these fellowships I would take drugs. Because, even now, the condition persists. Drugs and alcohol are not my problem, reality is my problem, drugs and alcohol are my solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this seems odd to you it is because you are not an alcoholic or a drug addict. You are likely one of the 90% of people who can drink and use drugs safely. I have friends who can smoke weed, swill gin, even do crack and then merrily get on with their lives. For me, this is not an option. I will relinquish all else to ride that buzz to oblivion. Even if it began as a timid glass of chardonnay on a ponce's yacht, it would end with me necking the bottle, swimming to shore and sprinting to Bethnal Green in search of a crack house. I look to drugs and booze to fill up a hole in me; unchecked, the call of the wild is too strong. I still survey streets for signs of the subterranean escapes that used to provide my sanctuary. I still eye the shuffling subclass of junkies and dealers, invisibly gliding between doorways through the gutters. I see that dereliction can survive in opulence; the abundantly wealthy with destitution in their stare.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Smith said that Hoffman's death \"shatters the myth that addiction is a lower socioeconomic disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Forum discusses \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201402040900\" target=\"_blank\">Battling Drug Addiction\u003c/a> Tuesday morning, Feb. 4. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/listen/\" target=\"_blank\">Listen Live at 9am\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch: Suburban Junkies, a look at young prescription drug addicts in California's Orange County who turn to heroin for a cheaper high.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FuhgdZHPxYds%3Ffeature%3Doembed&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuhgdZHPxYds&image=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FuhgdZHPxYds%2Fhqdefault.jpg&key=981697b3caaa4776a9e96c1890128d7f&type=text%2Fhtml&schema=youtube\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FuhgdZHPxYds\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "But my sadness turned to a kind of cold fury when I saw too many comments on social media clucking disapproval for Hoffman's \"selfishness\" and \"poor choices.\" (I'm not linking to them here; you can find them easily enough if you want to.) One friend on Facebook noted that another friend's thread about Hoffman was the only one he'd seen acknowledging \"the tragedy of his drug addiction.\"\r\n\r\nAnd indeed addiction is a disease. Dr. David Smith has treated thousands of addicts since he founded the Haight Ashbury Free Clinic in 1967. He talked to me about \"battling an uninformed public.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17429\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-17429\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Philip Seymour Hoffman arrives for the Los Angeles premiere of 'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' in Los Angeles, California, last November. Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf-400x269.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/02/RS8528_450461661-hpf-320x216.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Philip Seymour Hoffman arrives for the Los Angeles premiere of 'The Hunger Games: Catching Fire' last November. Robyn Beck/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I think pretty much everyone must know by now, the actor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/02/philip-seymour-hoffman-art-howe-moneyball-role\" target=\"_blank\">Philip Seymour Hoffman died Sunday\u003c/a>, apparently of a heroin overdose. I was stunned when I found out, then deeply saddened when I read reports that he had told \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/2006-philip-seymour-hoffman-on-60-minutes/\" target=\"_blank\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" in 2006 that he had given up drugs and alcohol when he was 22 -- \"I got panicked for my life,\" he told Steve Kroft. Hoffman \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/03/movies/philip-seymour-hoffman-actor-dies-at-46.html?hp&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">relapsed\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But my sadness turned to a kind of cold fury when I saw too many comments on social media clucking disapproval for Hoffman's \"selfishness\" and \"poor choices.\" (I'm not linking to them here; you can find them easily enough if you want to.) One friend on Facebook noted that another friend's thread about Hoffman was the only one he'd seen acknowledging \"the tragedy of his drug addiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, indeed, addiction is a disease. Dr. David Smith has treated thousands of addicts since he founded the Haight Ashbury Free Clinic in 1967. He talked to me about \"battling an uninformed public.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Diabetes is a disease of the pancreas. Addiction is a disease of the brain,\" he said. If you don't think addiction is a disease, Smith said, \"then take a laxative, sit on the toilet and try not to have a bowel movement.\" Yes, a simplistic analogy, he said, \"but effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith told me about the \"4 C's of addiction\" -- craving, compulsion, loss of control and continued use in spite of bad consequences. \"Craving is a signal,\" Smith said, then added the worst thing an addict can do when craving is to isolate. Hoffman appears to have died alone, in a Greenwich Village apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moving piece for The Guardian, the comedian and actor Russell Brand talked about the power of support -- or \"fellowships\" -- in battling his own craving for heroin. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2013/mar/09/russell-brand-life-without-drugs\" target=\"_blank\">whole piece\u003c/a> is worth a read, but I'll excerpt here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Without these fellowships I would take drugs. Because, even now, the condition persists. Drugs and alcohol are not my problem, reality is my problem, drugs and alcohol are my solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this seems odd to you it is because you are not an alcoholic or a drug addict. You are likely one of the 90% of people who can drink and use drugs safely. I have friends who can smoke weed, swill gin, even do crack and then merrily get on with their lives. For me, this is not an option. I will relinquish all else to ride that buzz to oblivion. Even if it began as a timid glass of chardonnay on a ponce's yacht, it would end with me necking the bottle, swimming to shore and sprinting to Bethnal Green in search of a crack house. I look to drugs and booze to fill up a hole in me; unchecked, the call of the wild is too strong. I still survey streets for signs of the subterranean escapes that used to provide my sanctuary. I still eye the shuffling subclass of junkies and dealers, invisibly gliding between doorways through the gutters. I see that dereliction can survive in opulence; the abundantly wealthy with destitution in their stare.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Smith said that Hoffman's death \"shatters the myth that addiction is a lower socioeconomic disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Learn more:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Forum discusses \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201402040900\" target=\"_blank\">Battling Drug Addiction\u003c/a> Tuesday morning, Feb. 4. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/radio/listen/\" target=\"_blank\">Listen Live at 9am\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch: Suburban Junkies, a look at young prescription drug addicts in California's Orange County who turn to heroin for a cheaper high.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FuhgdZHPxYds%3Ffeature%3Doembed&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuhgdZHPxYds&image=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FuhgdZHPxYds%2Fhqdefault.jpg&key=981697b3caaa4776a9e96c1890128d7f&type=text%2Fhtml&schema=youtube\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FuhgdZHPxYds\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8481_transform.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17421\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8481_transform-640x421.jpg\" alt=\"KQED News interactive producer Olivia Hubert-Allen gets her flu shot. (Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"421\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED News interactive producer Olivia Hubert-Allen gets her flu shot. (Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State health officials reported Friday that deaths from influenza have reached 147, including four children under age 18. Another 44 deaths are under investigation, but not confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total deaths so far this flu season, which started last September, eclipses the number from all of last year -- 106.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As health officials have noted \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/01/08/flu-now-widespread-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">all month\u003c/a>, the H1N1 strain is circulating -- that's the same strain that led to the pandemic in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm\" target=\"_blank\">2009-2010\u003c/a>. Younger adults are at increased risk from H1N1. The theory is that adults over 65 were exposed to H1N1 decades ago and have retained some immunity. Younger adults were (presumably) never exposed so have no natural protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials urged all Californians over age 6 months to get a flu shot. This year's vaccine is well-matched to the circulating strains, health officials say. They urge people who believe they have the flu to contact their doctors immediately and ask about anti-viral medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED radio's Stephanie Martin talked to health editor Lisa Aliferis about the flu. Learn more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/132453409&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State health officials reported Friday that deaths from influenza have reached 147, including four children under age 18. Another 44 deaths are under investigation, but not confirmed. \r\n\r\nThe total deaths so far this flu season, which started last September, eclipses the number from all of last year -- 106. ",
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"title": "Sierra Snow Survey Offers Little Hope as Drought Lingers",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13766\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13766\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/snowytahoe.jpg\" alt=\"Snow is accumulating at lake level in South Lake Tahoe. (Jim Siler)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Accumulations in South Lake Tahoe on Thursday provided mostly window dressing for the monthly snow survey. (Jim Siler)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snow finally came to the Sierra on Thursday but the flurries were too little, too late, to plump up the closely-watched Sierra snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About six inches of heavy, wet snow blanketed areas near Lake Tahoe, just as state water managers were scrounging for some good news for the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - Snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">monthly Sierra snow survey\u003c/a>. They didn’t find much to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”e17969dcba3a0cd128270772da553a21″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers keep a close eye on two measures. First: where the snowpack stands compared to the average for this date. Answer: just 12 percent of normal, statewide. That shatters the previous mark for this point in the winter of 21 percent, which had stood for more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second number is even more sobering: Thursday’s measurements put the water content of Sierra snows at just 7 percent of the average for April 1st, when accumulation is typically at its peak and the runoff season is about to start. With just two months to go, that’s a lot of precipitation to make up, considering that California counts on the mountain snowpack for about a third of its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters in Sacramento called the current unsettled conditions, “the first significant weather system to affect the region in almost two months.” And it’s the end of January. That means two of the three months most counted on for Northern California’s annual precipitation have gone by the boards with barely a whimper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mix of snow and rain showers could linger into the weekend but hope of another wave of precipitation next week has largely evaporated, and \u003ca title=\"NWS - map\" href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/\">longer-range forecasts remain stubbornly dry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown has begun \u003ca title=\"SF Gate - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/California-drought-Meager-snowpack-sets-new-5190495.php\">using the term, “megadrought”\u003c/a> to describe current conditions. Earlier this week, state health officials \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/29/california-drought-17-communities-on-the-critical-list/\">identified 17 communities\u003c/a> that could exhaust their water supplies sometime in the next one to four months, including several parts of Sonoma and Mendocino Counties. Meanwhile, the state Department of Fish & Wildlife \u003ca title=\"Lake County Times - post\" href=\"http://www.lakeconews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35175:cdfw-puts-closures-in-effect-on-some-rivers-recommends-more-changes-to-the-fish-and-game-commission&catid=44:recreation&Itemid=176\">closed off significant stretches\u003c/a> of northern California rivers to fishing, until river conditions improve. Officials say water levels were so low in some places that fish were being trapped in small, isolated pools.The closures included portions of the Russian and American Rivers, in effect through April.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13766\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13766\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/snowytahoe.jpg\" alt=\"Snow is accumulating at lake level in South Lake Tahoe. (Jim Siler)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Accumulations in South Lake Tahoe on Thursday provided mostly window dressing for the monthly snow survey. (Jim Siler)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snow finally came to the Sierra on Thursday but the flurries were too little, too late, to plump up the closely-watched Sierra snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About six inches of heavy, wet snow blanketed areas near Lake Tahoe, just as state water managers were scrounging for some good news for the \u003ca title=\"CDEC - Snowpack\" href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">monthly Sierra snow survey\u003c/a>. They didn’t find much to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers keep a close eye on two measures. First: where the snowpack stands compared to the average for this date. Answer: just 12 percent of normal, statewide. That shatters the previous mark for this point in the winter of 21 percent, which had stood for more than 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second number is even more sobering: Thursday’s measurements put the water content of Sierra snows at just 7 percent of the average for April 1st, when accumulation is typically at its peak and the runoff season is about to start. With just two months to go, that’s a lot of precipitation to make up, considering that California counts on the mountain snowpack for about a third of its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service forecasters in Sacramento called the current unsettled conditions, “the first significant weather system to affect the region in almost two months.” And it’s the end of January. That means two of the three months most counted on for Northern California’s annual precipitation have gone by the boards with barely a whimper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mix of snow and rain showers could linger into the weekend but hope of another wave of precipitation next week has largely evaporated, and \u003ca title=\"NWS - map\" href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/\">longer-range forecasts remain stubbornly dry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown has begun \u003ca title=\"SF Gate - post\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/California-drought-Meager-snowpack-sets-new-5190495.php\">using the term, “megadrought”\u003c/a> to describe current conditions. Earlier this week, state health officials \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/01/29/california-drought-17-communities-on-the-critical-list/\">identified 17 communities\u003c/a> that could exhaust their water supplies sometime in the next one to four months, including several parts of Sonoma and Mendocino Counties. Meanwhile, the state Department of Fish & Wildlife \u003ca title=\"Lake County Times - post\" href=\"http://www.lakeconews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=35175:cdfw-puts-closures-in-effect-on-some-rivers-recommends-more-changes-to-the-fish-and-game-commission&catid=44:recreation&Itemid=176\">closed off significant stretches\u003c/a> of northern California rivers to fishing, until river conditions improve. Officials say water levels were so low in some places that fish were being trapped in small, isolated pools.The closures included portions of the Russian and American Rivers, in effect through April.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For Breast Cancer Survivors, Yoga May Help Overcome Fatigue",
"title": "For Breast Cancer Survivors, Yoga May Help Overcome Fatigue",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17374\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyntally/5007648675/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17374\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/5007648675_38ed2375e6_b-640x496.jpg\" alt=\"(Go Interactive Wellness/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"496\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Go Interactive Wellness/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Allison Aubrey,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/28/267612550/yoga-may-help-overcome-fatigue-after-breast-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exercise helps recovery after cancer treatment, but fatigue can make working out hard. Yoga can help reduce fatigue for breast cancer survivors, a study finds. It's one of a growing number of efforts using randomized controlled trials to see if the ancient practice offers medical benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women who took a yoga class three hours a week for three months said they experienced 40 percent less fatigue compared to a group of breast cancer survivors who did not do yoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fatigue is a major and serious problem in survivors,\" even years after treatments have ended, \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.psy.ohio-state.edu/1/kiecolt-glaser/\">Janice Kiecolt-Glaser\u003c/a>, a psychology professor at Ohio State University and lead author of the study, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants who did yoga also had lower levels of cytokines, which are markers of inflammation, in their blood, Kiecolt-Glaser says. Cytokine levels were reduced up to 20 percent six months after starting yoga. It's not clear how this may affect their health, she says.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have found that fatigue interferes with daily activities for about one third of cancer survivors. And fatigue can become a self-perpetuating cycle. \"The less you do, the more fatigued you are,\" says Kiecolt-Glaser. Yoga seems to be a way to break that cycle. The \u003ca href=\"http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2014/01/21/JCO.2013.51.8860.abstract?sid=d641998e-1d13-4b98-9d70-521e7152478c\">study\u003c/a> was published online in the \u003cem>Journal of Clinical Oncology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers recruited about 200 women for the study, all of whom had completed cancer treatment within three years. They ranged in age from 20s to 70s. The class included a series of very gentle stretching and strength-building exercises as well as breathing techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's relaxing and refocuses the body,\" Sue Cavanaugh of Columbus, Ohio, a study participant, said. She says yoga has not only helped with fatigue, it's also helped her regain some of the lost mobility in her right arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happier because I can do the things I like,\" Cavanaugh says, including working with large installations in her work as an artist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181734\">studies\u003c/a> of yoga for cancer patients and survivors have found that yoga helped reduce distress, anxiety and depression, and had a moderate effect on fatigue and quality of life. But a Cochrane review of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895974\">studies\u003c/a> looking at the broader issue of cancer and exercise found that more vigorous exercise produced greater reductions in fatigue and improvements in quality of life. Exercise also may \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/physicalactivity\">reduce the risk\u003c/a> of cancer recurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cochrane review also points out the biggest problem with doing randomized controlled trials of yoga: you know if you're doing it. That could bias people's perception of benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're getting [breast cancer survivors] on bikes, on treadmills and training them like athletes,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://radonc.duke.edu/research-education/research-labs/cardiooncology/jones-lab\">Lee Jones\u003c/a>, a radiation oncologist at Duke University's School of Medicine who studies the effect of exercise on cancer patients. Fatigue is a hurdle for lots of survivors, he says. \"But if you actually prescribe exercise, they can exercise, and pretty vigorously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoga can be a complementary form of movement to aerobic exercise, Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Women who took a yoga class three hours a week for three months said they experienced 40 percent less fatigue compared to a group of breast cancer survivors who did not do yoga.\r\n\r\n\"Fatigue is a major and serious problem in survivors,\" even years after treatments have ended, Janice Kiecolt-Glaser, a psychology professor at Ohio State University and lead author of the study, said.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17374\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/lyntally/5007648675/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17374\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/5007648675_38ed2375e6_b-640x496.jpg\" alt=\"(Go Interactive Wellness/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"496\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Go Interactive Wellness/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Allison Aubrey,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/28/267612550/yoga-may-help-overcome-fatigue-after-breast-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exercise helps recovery after cancer treatment, but fatigue can make working out hard. Yoga can help reduce fatigue for breast cancer survivors, a study finds. It's one of a growing number of efforts using randomized controlled trials to see if the ancient practice offers medical benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women who took a yoga class three hours a week for three months said they experienced 40 percent less fatigue compared to a group of breast cancer survivors who did not do yoga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fatigue is a major and serious problem in survivors,\" even years after treatments have ended, \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.psy.ohio-state.edu/1/kiecolt-glaser/\">Janice Kiecolt-Glaser\u003c/a>, a psychology professor at Ohio State University and lead author of the study, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants who did yoga also had lower levels of cytokines, which are markers of inflammation, in their blood, Kiecolt-Glaser says. Cytokine levels were reduced up to 20 percent six months after starting yoga. It's not clear how this may affect their health, she says.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have found that fatigue interferes with daily activities for about one third of cancer survivors. And fatigue can become a self-perpetuating cycle. \"The less you do, the more fatigued you are,\" says Kiecolt-Glaser. Yoga seems to be a way to break that cycle. The \u003ca href=\"http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2014/01/21/JCO.2013.51.8860.abstract?sid=d641998e-1d13-4b98-9d70-521e7152478c\">study\u003c/a> was published online in the \u003cem>Journal of Clinical Oncology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers recruited about 200 women for the study, all of whom had completed cancer treatment within three years. They ranged in age from 20s to 70s. The class included a series of very gentle stretching and strength-building exercises as well as breathing techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's relaxing and refocuses the body,\" Sue Cavanaugh of Columbus, Ohio, a study participant, said. She says yoga has not only helped with fatigue, it's also helped her regain some of the lost mobility in her right arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happier because I can do the things I like,\" Cavanaugh says, including working with large installations in her work as an artist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181734\">studies\u003c/a> of yoga for cancer patients and survivors have found that yoga helped reduce distress, anxiety and depression, and had a moderate effect on fatigue and quality of life. But a Cochrane review of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895974\">studies\u003c/a> looking at the broader issue of cancer and exercise found that more vigorous exercise produced greater reductions in fatigue and improvements in quality of life. Exercise also may \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/physicalactivity\">reduce the risk\u003c/a> of cancer recurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cochrane review also points out the biggest problem with doing randomized controlled trials of yoga: you know if you're doing it. That could bias people's perception of benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're getting [breast cancer survivors] on bikes, on treadmills and training them like athletes,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://radonc.duke.edu/research-education/research-labs/cardiooncology/jones-lab\">Lee Jones\u003c/a>, a radiation oncologist at Duke University's School of Medicine who studies the effect of exercise on cancer patients. Fatigue is a hurdle for lots of survivors, he says. \"But if you actually prescribe exercise, they can exercise, and pretty vigorously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yoga can be a complementary form of movement to aerobic exercise, Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Another Health Problem with (Many) Sodas: Caramel Color",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/460403869-2-e1390505120856.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17308\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/460403869-2-640x516.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"516\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There's caramel, and then there's caramel color. It turns out the two don't have much to do with each other. This matters to you if you drink soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caramel color is the additive in many soft drinks and some foods that turns them brown. Some types of caramel color contain a chemical called 4-methylimidazole or 4-Mel, and 4-Mel is potentially carcinogenic. In 2011, the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/010711list.html\" target=\"_blank\">added 4-mel to \u003c/a>the so-called Prop. 65 list -- a list of chemicals known by the state to cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports published \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/caramel-color-the-health-risk-that-may-be-in-your-soda/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">an analysis\u003c/a> of various brands of soda on Thursday. They found that two brands exceeded a level of 29 micrograms per can or bottle: Pepsi One and Malta Goya. Consumer Reports cites state data showing daily consumption above that amount would cause one excess case of cancer in every 100,000 people.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no reason why consumers should be exposed to an avoidable and unnecessary risk that can stem from coloring food brown,\" said Urvashi Rangan, PhD in the Consumer Reports story. He's a toxicologist and executive director of the magazine's Food Safety and Sustainability Center. \"Manufacturers have lower 4-Mel alternatives available to them. Ideally there would be no 4-Mel in food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports conducted two rounds of testing of the sodas during 2013. Both times, samples of Pepsi One and Malta Goya exceeded 29 micrograms per can or bottle. But neither product had a cancer-risk warning label, as required by Prop. 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports contacted both Pepsi and Malta Goya. Only Pepsi responded. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/caramel-color-the-health-risk-that-may-be-in-your-soda/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>After we informed PepsiCo of our test results, the company issued a statement that said that Proposition 65 is based on per day exposure and not exposure per can. It also cited government consumption data that shows that the average amount of diet soda consumed by people who drink it is 100 milliliters per day, or less than a third of a 12-ounce can. For that reason, they believe that Pepsi One does not require cancer-risk warning labels—even if the amount of 4-MeI in a single can exceeds 29 micrograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports says there is analysis of government data that shows higher levels of daily consumption of soft drinks generally. \"No matter how much consumers drink they don't expect their beverages to have a potential carcinogen in them. And we don't think 4-MeI should be in foods at all. Our tests of Coke samples show that it is possible to get to much lower levels,\" says Rangan.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports says that because of its results, Consumers Union, the policy wing of Consumer Reports, is contacting the California Attorney General's office and is also petitioning the Food and Drug Administration \"to set a federal standard for 4-Mel and to require manufacturers to list the type of caramel color they use on the products' ingredient lists.\" While there are four types of caramel coloring, only two of them contain 4-Mel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports also found that three brands -- Coke, Diet Coke, and Coke Zero -- had less than 5 micrograms per can in its tests, which, the report noted, its \"experts believe is more acceptable.\" Consumer Reports said it used Sprite as a control. It's a clear soda and showed no significant levels of 4-Mel, the group found.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There's caramel, and then there's caramel color. It turns out the two don't have much to do with each other. This matters to you if you drink soda.\r\n\r\nCaramel color is the additive in many soft drinks and some foods that turns them brown. Some types of caramel color contain a chemical called 4-methylimidazole or 4-Mel, and 4-Mel is potentially carcinogenic. In 2011, the state of California added 4-mel to the so-called Prop. 65 list -- a list of chemicals known by the state to cause cancer.",
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"description": "There's caramel, and then there's caramel color. It turns out the two don't have much to do with each other. This matters to you if you drink soda.\r\n\r\nCaramel color is the additive in many soft drinks and some foods that turns them brown. Some types of caramel color contain a chemical called 4-methylimidazole or 4-Mel, and 4-Mel is potentially carcinogenic. In 2011, the state of California added 4-mel to the so-called Prop. 65 list -- a list of chemicals known by the state to cause cancer.",
"title": "Another Health Problem with (Many) Sodas: Caramel Color | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/460403869-2-e1390505120856.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17308\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/460403869-2-640x516.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"516\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There's caramel, and then there's caramel color. It turns out the two don't have much to do with each other. This matters to you if you drink soda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caramel color is the additive in many soft drinks and some foods that turns them brown. Some types of caramel color contain a chemical called 4-methylimidazole or 4-Mel, and 4-Mel is potentially carcinogenic. In 2011, the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/010711list.html\" target=\"_blank\">added 4-mel to \u003c/a>the so-called Prop. 65 list -- a list of chemicals known by the state to cause cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports published \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/caramel-color-the-health-risk-that-may-be-in-your-soda/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">an analysis\u003c/a> of various brands of soda on Thursday. They found that two brands exceeded a level of 29 micrograms per can or bottle: Pepsi One and Malta Goya. Consumer Reports cites state data showing daily consumption above that amount would cause one excess case of cancer in every 100,000 people.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no reason why consumers should be exposed to an avoidable and unnecessary risk that can stem from coloring food brown,\" said Urvashi Rangan, PhD in the Consumer Reports story. He's a toxicologist and executive director of the magazine's Food Safety and Sustainability Center. \"Manufacturers have lower 4-Mel alternatives available to them. Ideally there would be no 4-Mel in food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports conducted two rounds of testing of the sodas during 2013. Both times, samples of Pepsi One and Malta Goya exceeded 29 micrograms per can or bottle. But neither product had a cancer-risk warning label, as required by Prop. 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports contacted both Pepsi and Malta Goya. Only Pepsi responded. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/caramel-color-the-health-risk-that-may-be-in-your-soda/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Consumer Reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>After we informed PepsiCo of our test results, the company issued a statement that said that Proposition 65 is based on per day exposure and not exposure per can. It also cited government consumption data that shows that the average amount of diet soda consumed by people who drink it is 100 milliliters per day, or less than a third of a 12-ounce can. For that reason, they believe that Pepsi One does not require cancer-risk warning labels—even if the amount of 4-MeI in a single can exceeds 29 micrograms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports says there is analysis of government data that shows higher levels of daily consumption of soft drinks generally. \"No matter how much consumers drink they don't expect their beverages to have a potential carcinogen in them. And we don't think 4-MeI should be in foods at all. Our tests of Coke samples show that it is possible to get to much lower levels,\" says Rangan.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports says that because of its results, Consumers Union, the policy wing of Consumer Reports, is contacting the California Attorney General's office and is also petitioning the Food and Drug Administration \"to set a federal standard for 4-Mel and to require manufacturers to list the type of caramel color they use on the products' ingredient lists.\" While there are four types of caramel coloring, only two of them contain 4-Mel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports also found that three brands -- Coke, Diet Coke, and Coke Zero -- had less than 5 micrograms per can in its tests, which, the report noted, its \"experts believe is more acceptable.\" Consumer Reports said it used Sprite as a control. It's a clear soda and showed no significant levels of 4-Mel, the group found.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
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