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"title": "New Imaging Method May Help Detect Heart Attack Risk in the Future",
"headTitle": "New Imaging Method May Help Detect Heart Attack Risk in the Future | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13408\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/heartattack.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13408\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/heartattack.png\" alt=\"Image courtesy of NIH / Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_attack-NIH.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NIH / Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 785,000 people have an initial heart attack and another 470,000 people have a recurrent heart attack every year in the United States, according to the \u003ca title=\"American Heart Association 2012 Update\" href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/125/1/e2.full.pdf\">American Heart Association\u003c/a>. This means that an American has a heart attack every 34 seconds and one dies from heart disease every minute. A new imaging technique may help identify who is at high risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary cause of heart attacks is clogged arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. Blood flows easily in healthy arteries with smooth walls, but blood flow is reduced or blocked completely in clogged arteries when a substance called plaque builds up on the inner walls of the arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artery-clogging plaque is made up of fat, calcium, cholesterol and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this plaque can harden and rupture. If it breaks apart, a blood clot can form on its surface and completely block the artery, preventing blood from reaching the heart muscle and causing a heart attack. If the blood flow isn’t quickly restored, the portion of the heart fed by the artery begins to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronary angiography is the “gold standard” way to identify these plaque blockages in the heart, but it’s an invasive surgical procedure. During a coronary angiography, a thin flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin or neck and threaded into your coronary arteries. Then a special dye is released through the tube, making your coronary arteries visible on X-rays pictures taken as the dye flows through them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"The Lancet journal article by Nik Joshi, et al\" href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61754-7/abstract\">New study results\u003c/a>, recently published in The Lancet medical journal, show that these high-risk plaque blockages can also be identified using a non-invasive imaging technique. The study was carried out by Dr. Nik Joshi and his research team from the University of Edinburgh, the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study involved 40 people who had recently suffered a heart attack and 40 additional people who had stable chest pain (angina). The patients were given a standard coronary angiography and a non-invasive imaging PET-CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PET-CT scan measures metabolic activity using \u003ca title=\"Scientists Talk Funny article that explains positron emission tomography\" href=\"http://ScientistsTalkFunny.com/2010/04/18/pet-imaging-not-for-cats-or-dogs/\">positron emission tomography\u003c/a> (PET) and anatomical structure using \u003ca title=\"X-ray computed tomography explanation\" href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MedicalX-Rays/ucm115317.htm\">X-ray computed tomography\u003c/a> (CT). A trace amount of radioactive drug is injected into the patient’s vein and used to produce 3D images. Joshi and his research team used a radioactive drug called sodium fluoride (NaF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study aimed to show how well a PET-CT scan using sodium fluoride detected plaques that had already ruptured or were at high risk of rupturing. The coronary angiography was used as a gold standard to identify the culprit plaque deposits that blocked the arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers measured the sodium fluoride distribution to determine if the artery-clogging plaques took up a significant amount of the drug. In 93% (37/40) of the people who had had a heart attack, significant sodium fluoride uptake was seen in the plaque responsible for the heart attack. The average drug uptake in these culprit plaque deposits was 34% higher than anywhere else in the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 45% (18/40) of the people with stable chest pain, culprit plaque deposits also took up significant amounts of the sodium fluoride drug. For both sets of patients, the culprit plaque deposits identified by PET-CT imaging were confirmed by histology or intravascular ultrasound to have high-risk characteristics such as calcification and a dead tissue core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further research studies with a broad range of patients are now needed before PET-CT sodium fluoride imaging is accepted as a standard clinical technique. These studies are likely to take several years to complete. If they confirm the initial promising results, the technique could then move immediately into clinics since it is already approved and commonly used for other applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the results are confirmatory then this technique has the potential to fundamentally alter the way we treat coronary artery disease,” \u003ca title=\"The Lancet journal article\" href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61754-7/abstract\">concluded the investigators\u003c/a>. “It could, for example, permit the identification of the vulnerable patient with single or multiple high-risk or silently ruptured plaques, providing an opportunity to treat and modify their risk to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A non-invasive imaging method could help identify and localize artery-clogging plaques that are likely to cause a heart attack. If future studies confirm the initial results, this technique has the potential to fundamentally alter the way we treat heart disease.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13408\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/heartattack.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13408\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/heartattack.png\" alt=\"Image courtesy of NIH / Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_attack-NIH.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NIH / Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 785,000 people have an initial heart attack and another 470,000 people have a recurrent heart attack every year in the United States, according to the \u003ca title=\"American Heart Association 2012 Update\" href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/125/1/e2.full.pdf\">American Heart Association\u003c/a>. This means that an American has a heart attack every 34 seconds and one dies from heart disease every minute. A new imaging technique may help identify who is at high risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary cause of heart attacks is clogged arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. Blood flows easily in healthy arteries with smooth walls, but blood flow is reduced or blocked completely in clogged arteries when a substance called plaque builds up on the inner walls of the arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artery-clogging plaque is made up of fat, calcium, cholesterol and other substances found in the blood. Over time, this plaque can harden and rupture. If it breaks apart, a blood clot can form on its surface and completely block the artery, preventing blood from reaching the heart muscle and causing a heart attack. If the blood flow isn’t quickly restored, the portion of the heart fed by the artery begins to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronary angiography is the “gold standard” way to identify these plaque blockages in the heart, but it’s an invasive surgical procedure. During a coronary angiography, a thin flexible tube called a catheter is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin or neck and threaded into your coronary arteries. Then a special dye is released through the tube, making your coronary arteries visible on X-rays pictures taken as the dye flows through them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"The Lancet journal article by Nik Joshi, et al\" href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61754-7/abstract\">New study results\u003c/a>, recently published in The Lancet medical journal, show that these high-risk plaque blockages can also be identified using a non-invasive imaging technique. The study was carried out by Dr. Nik Joshi and his research team from the University of Edinburgh, the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study involved 40 people who had recently suffered a heart attack and 40 additional people who had stable chest pain (angina). The patients were given a standard coronary angiography and a non-invasive imaging PET-CT scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A PET-CT scan measures metabolic activity using \u003ca title=\"Scientists Talk Funny article that explains positron emission tomography\" href=\"http://ScientistsTalkFunny.com/2010/04/18/pet-imaging-not-for-cats-or-dogs/\">positron emission tomography\u003c/a> (PET) and anatomical structure using \u003ca title=\"X-ray computed tomography explanation\" href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MedicalX-Rays/ucm115317.htm\">X-ray computed tomography\u003c/a> (CT). A trace amount of radioactive drug is injected into the patient’s vein and used to produce 3D images. Joshi and his research team used a radioactive drug called sodium fluoride (NaF).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study aimed to show how well a PET-CT scan using sodium fluoride detected plaques that had already ruptured or were at high risk of rupturing. The coronary angiography was used as a gold standard to identify the culprit plaque deposits that blocked the arteries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers measured the sodium fluoride distribution to determine if the artery-clogging plaques took up a significant amount of the drug. In 93% (37/40) of the people who had had a heart attack, significant sodium fluoride uptake was seen in the plaque responsible for the heart attack. The average drug uptake in these culprit plaque deposits was 34% higher than anywhere else in the heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 45% (18/40) of the people with stable chest pain, culprit plaque deposits also took up significant amounts of the sodium fluoride drug. For both sets of patients, the culprit plaque deposits identified by PET-CT imaging were confirmed by histology or intravascular ultrasound to have high-risk characteristics such as calcification and a dead tissue core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further research studies with a broad range of patients are now needed before PET-CT sodium fluoride imaging is accepted as a standard clinical technique. These studies are likely to take several years to complete. If they confirm the initial promising results, the technique could then move immediately into clinics since it is already approved and commonly used for other applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the results are confirmatory then this technique has the potential to fundamentally alter the way we treat coronary artery disease,” \u003ca title=\"The Lancet journal article\" href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61754-7/abstract\">concluded the investigators\u003c/a>. “It could, for example, permit the identification of the vulnerable patient with single or multiple high-risk or silently ruptured plaques, providing an opportunity to treat and modify their risk to prevent future adverse cardiovascular events.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Much Does It Cost to Have a Baby in California? ",
"title": "How Much Does It Cost to Have a Baby in California? ",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/shingo/5938064111/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17229\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/5938064111_04af369bb9_b-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"(Shingo/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Did this baby's hospital charge $3,300 or $33,000 for delivery -- or somewhere in between? (Shingo/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The most common reason for hospitalization in the United States is childbirth. A new study published Thursday adds to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/11/how-much-for-a-hip-replacement-good-luck-trying-to-find-out/\" target=\"_blank\"> depth\u003c/a> of\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/08/how-much-would-you-rather-pay-for-that-procedure-170000-or-43000/\" target=\"_blank\"> research \u003c/a>on \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2136864,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">cost variation\u003c/a> in the American medical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/1/e004017.abstract?sid=a32193cf-85b1-4f07-b2d1-cba35214aa0a\" target=\"_blank\">the study\u003c/a>, researchers at U.C. San Francisco looked at 110,000 uncomplicated births across California and found that hospital charges for a vaginal delivery ranged from $3,296 to $37,227 and for a caesarian section the range was $8,312 to $70,908.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For health policy researchers, this is not a big surprise, said lead author Dr. Renee Hsia, an associate professor of emergency medicine at UCSF, but \"most people that aren't familiar with health care variation would be surprised and distressed.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hsia's team looked at many variables that could account for variation -- things like how sick patients might be or cost of living in one area versus another. \"Even after controlling for patient, hospital and market characteristics, we found significant variation,\" Hsia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, published in BMJ Open, researchers concluded that they could only account for about one-third of the variation in charges. \"This implies,\" the authors write, \"that the variation is a result of either (1) unobservable hospital characteristics or (2) pure noise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we go any further, let's get some terms straight. Few hospitals are paid what they \"charge.\" If the patient has insurance, the insurer pays whatever rate it negotiated with the hospital for the procedure. But if you're uninsured, Hsia says, you are in a tough spot. Even with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, lack of health insurance is a continuing problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still have 30 million uninsured who will see the real bill and who will face the real charges of that bill,\" Hsia said. She acknowledged that some of them may get discounts, but added \"50 percent of a ridiculous amount is still a ridiculous amount\" of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Emerson-Shea of the California Hospital Association took issue with the study as a whole and the point about the uninsured in particular. She pointed to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oshpd.ca.gov/HID/Products/Hospitals/FairPricing/HSC127400_CharityCarePoliciesSB350.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California law\u003c/a> that requires hospitals to provide either free or discounted care to many uninsured patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're uninsured, state law prohibits you from being billed on charges, assuming you fall within income guidelines,\" Emerson-Shea said. \"In most cases, patients would fall into an income category that would qualify them for free care or a discounted amount.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email Hsia called the law a \"great effort and important Act\" but said it does not solve everyone's problems of high hospital bills. In her email she noted two points in particular:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cdiv>1) It only applies to those who are \"financially qualified.\" You have to make under 350% of the federal poverty level to qualify. So for a single person who makes more than $40,000, if you get a hospital bill of $30,000, you are not going to get a discount.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>2) There is no specific language stating what discount the hospitals must provide.\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one thing Emerson-Shea and Hsia agreed on was that the opaque pricing system doesn't work. \"We acknowledge there's variation in hospital charges for a multitude of reasons,\" Emerson-Shea said. \"It's part of the broken health care system that we've had in this country for several decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it would be in everyone's interest to have a more rational system of hospital pricing,\" Hsia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>This post has been updated to clarify Dr. Hsia's comments on hospital discount programs.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The most common reason for hospitalization in the United States is childbirth. A new study published Thursday adds to the depth of research on cost variation in the American medical system.\r\n\r\nIn the study, researchers at U.C. San Francisco looked at 110,000 uncomplicated births across California and found that hospital charges for a vaginal delivery ranged from $3,296 to $37,227 and for a caesarian section the range was $8,312 to $70,908.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/shingo/5938064111/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17229\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/5938064111_04af369bb9_b-640x425.jpg\" alt=\"(Shingo/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Did this baby's hospital charge $3,300 or $33,000 for delivery -- or somewhere in between? (Shingo/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The most common reason for hospitalization in the United States is childbirth. A new study published Thursday adds to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/02/11/how-much-for-a-hip-replacement-good-luck-trying-to-find-out/\" target=\"_blank\"> depth\u003c/a> of\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/05/08/how-much-would-you-rather-pay-for-that-procedure-170000-or-43000/\" target=\"_blank\"> research \u003c/a>on \u003ca href=\"http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2136864,00.html\" target=\"_blank\">cost variation\u003c/a> in the American medical system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/4/1/e004017.abstract?sid=a32193cf-85b1-4f07-b2d1-cba35214aa0a\" target=\"_blank\">the study\u003c/a>, researchers at U.C. San Francisco looked at 110,000 uncomplicated births across California and found that hospital charges for a vaginal delivery ranged from $3,296 to $37,227 and for a caesarian section the range was $8,312 to $70,908.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For health policy researchers, this is not a big surprise, said lead author Dr. Renee Hsia, an associate professor of emergency medicine at UCSF, but \"most people that aren't familiar with health care variation would be surprised and distressed.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hsia's team looked at many variables that could account for variation -- things like how sick patients might be or cost of living in one area versus another. \"Even after controlling for patient, hospital and market characteristics, we found significant variation,\" Hsia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, published in BMJ Open, researchers concluded that they could only account for about one-third of the variation in charges. \"This implies,\" the authors write, \"that the variation is a result of either (1) unobservable hospital characteristics or (2) pure noise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we go any further, let's get some terms straight. Few hospitals are paid what they \"charge.\" If the patient has insurance, the insurer pays whatever rate it negotiated with the hospital for the procedure. But if you're uninsured, Hsia says, you are in a tough spot. Even with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, lack of health insurance is a continuing problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still have 30 million uninsured who will see the real bill and who will face the real charges of that bill,\" Hsia said. She acknowledged that some of them may get discounts, but added \"50 percent of a ridiculous amount is still a ridiculous amount\" of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Emerson-Shea of the California Hospital Association took issue with the study as a whole and the point about the uninsured in particular. She pointed to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oshpd.ca.gov/HID/Products/Hospitals/FairPricing/HSC127400_CharityCarePoliciesSB350.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California law\u003c/a> that requires hospitals to provide either free or discounted care to many uninsured patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're uninsured, state law prohibits you from being billed on charges, assuming you fall within income guidelines,\" Emerson-Shea said. \"In most cases, patients would fall into an income category that would qualify them for free care or a discounted amount.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email Hsia called the law a \"great effort and important Act\" but said it does not solve everyone's problems of high hospital bills. In her email she noted two points in particular:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cdiv>1) It only applies to those who are \"financially qualified.\" You have to make under 350% of the federal poverty level to qualify. So for a single person who makes more than $40,000, if you get a hospital bill of $30,000, you are not going to get a discount.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>2) There is no specific language stating what discount the hospitals must provide.\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one thing Emerson-Shea and Hsia agreed on was that the opaque pricing system doesn't work. \"We acknowledge there's variation in hospital charges for a multitude of reasons,\" Emerson-Shea said. \"It's part of the broken health care system that we've had in this country for several decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it would be in everyone's interest to have a more rational system of hospital pricing,\" Hsia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>This post has been updated to clarify Dr. Hsia's comments on hospital discount programs.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Minority Parents Less Likely to Use Appropriate Car Seat, Study Finds",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/hunterji/4054275272/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17245\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/4054275272_489ecb436b_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau, MD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors and policy makers have known of this disparity and attributed it to socioeconomic variables. But the new study shows that differences remained even after accounting for education and income.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have suggested that racial disparities in restraint use are due to differences in socioeconomic status,” said lead author Dr. Michelle Macy, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan, in an email. “Our results demonstrate the answer is more complicated than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, the authors noted that because race continues to be a \"significant predictor\" of appropriate car seat usage, \"suggests that modifiable factors not measured in our study, such as parental knowledge, motivation, barriers, and sociocultural norms, may contribute to disparities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that income and education are not the only factors when accounting for differences in racial and socio-economic disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Injury prevention often suffers with greater social stress,” said Dr. Lee Sanders, co-director of Stanford's Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention. “Factors like single-parent families and greater number of kids can make it difficult to keep up with changes from kid to kid.” Both of these factors are associated with lower socio-economic status and were not directly accounted for in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laws on injury prevention vary from state to state which may make it difficult for anyone, but particularly adults with greater social stressors, to track what kind of car seat is appropriate at what age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State laws generally fall short of ‘optimal’ child passenger safety recommendations,” said Dr. Macy. This may be due in part to state legislators lagging behind recent changes to the American Academy of Pediatric \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/03/21/peds.2011-0213.full.pdf+html\">guidelines\u003c/a> released in March 2011 that place greater emphasis on child size than child age when determining when to transition from car seats, booster seats, and ultimately the front seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep kids in a rear seat whenever possible,\" said Dr. Macy, \"using a rear-facing car seat beyond 1 year and until the child outgrows the car seat’s rear-facing weight or height limit.\" She added that children should be in a booster seat from the time they outgrow their forward-facing car seat -- until an adult seat belt \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/boosterseatlawposterEng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fits properly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the proper car seat and knowing how to use it is one thing, but getting your kids to stay in them is another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most effective methods is to tell the kids that you won’t start the car until they are safely in their seat,” said Dr. Sanders, “and don’t let the kid trying to get out of their seat or complaining, fool you into thinking they are safe without their child seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of race, proper child passenger restraint use is known to save lives. California has been one of the leaders in keeping\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/CPSinCalifornia-VOSP.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> its guidelines up-to-date\u003c/a> with the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\r\n\r\nResearchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.",
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"description": "Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\r\n\r\nResearchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/hunterji/4054275272/sizes/l/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17245\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/4054275272_489ecb436b_b-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children should always use a booster seat until they are big enough to fit in a seat belt properly. (Joshua & Amber/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau, MD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many studies have shown that parents don't always use carseats and booster seats, and their kids could be at increased risk in a crash. A new study published this week shows that non-white children have particularly low use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from The University of Michigan surveyed 601 parents about their car seat usage for 1 to 12-year-old children that received treatment at the emergency room. They found that non-white parents were nearly four times less likely to use appropriate child car restraints than white parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors and policy makers have known of this disparity and attributed it to socioeconomic variables. But the new study shows that differences remained even after accounting for education and income.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have suggested that racial disparities in restraint use are due to differences in socioeconomic status,” said lead author Dr. Michelle Macy, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan, in an email. “Our results demonstrate the answer is more complicated than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, the authors noted that because race continues to be a \"significant predictor\" of appropriate car seat usage, \"suggests that modifiable factors not measured in our study, such as parental knowledge, motivation, barriers, and sociocultural norms, may contribute to disparities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that income and education are not the only factors when accounting for differences in racial and socio-economic disparities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Injury prevention often suffers with greater social stress,” said Dr. Lee Sanders, co-director of Stanford's Center for Policy, Outcomes and Prevention. “Factors like single-parent families and greater number of kids can make it difficult to keep up with changes from kid to kid.” Both of these factors are associated with lower socio-economic status and were not directly accounted for in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laws on injury prevention vary from state to state which may make it difficult for anyone, but particularly adults with greater social stressors, to track what kind of car seat is appropriate at what age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“State laws generally fall short of ‘optimal’ child passenger safety recommendations,” said Dr. Macy. This may be due in part to state legislators lagging behind recent changes to the American Academy of Pediatric \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2011/03/21/peds.2011-0213.full.pdf+html\">guidelines\u003c/a> released in March 2011 that place greater emphasis on child size than child age when determining when to transition from car seats, booster seats, and ultimately the front seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep kids in a rear seat whenever possible,\" said Dr. Macy, \"using a rear-facing car seat beyond 1 year and until the child outgrows the car seat’s rear-facing weight or height limit.\" She added that children should be in a booster seat from the time they outgrow their forward-facing car seat -- until an adult seat belt \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/injviosaf/Documents/boosterseatlawposterEng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fits properly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the proper car seat and knowing how to use it is one thing, but getting your kids to stay in them is another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the most effective methods is to tell the kids that you won’t start the car until they are safely in their seat,” said Dr. Sanders, “and don’t let the kid trying to get out of their seat or complaining, fool you into thinking they are safe without their child seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of race, proper child passenger restraint use is known to save lives. California has been one of the leaders in keeping\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/CPSinCalifornia-VOSP.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> its guidelines up-to-date\u003c/a> with the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Back Pain? Exercise May Help You Learn Not to Feel It",
"title": "Back Pain? Exercise May Help You Learn Not to Feel It",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/79071736-e1389637911232.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17153\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/79071736-640x424.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Patti Neighmond and Richard Knox\u003c/strong>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/13/255457090/pain-in-the-back-exercise-may-help-you-learn-not-to-feel-it\" target=\"_blank\"> NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1 in 4 adult Americans say they've recently suffered a bout of low-back pain. It's one of the most common reasons people go to the doctor. And more and more people are being treated for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America spends \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=181453\">more than $80 billion a year\u003c/a> on back pain treatments. But many specialists say less treatment is usually more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/22/1/62.full.pdf+html\">evidence\u003c/a> that many standard treatments for back pain — surgery, spinal injections and painkillers — are often ineffective and can even worsen and prolong the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerome Groopman agrees with that premise. He suffered back pain for almost 20 years. He was a young marathon runner 32 years ago when back pain struck out of the blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't run. It was difficult to sleep,\" he says. \"I wasn't confined to bed, but I was hobbling around.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groopman, a Harvard cancer specialist who writes about medicine for \u003cem>The New Yorker\u003c/em>, wanted the problem fixed — right away. So he found a surgeon who removed a damaged \u003ca href=\"http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spine-anatomy/spinal-discs\">disc\u003c/a>, the jellylike cushioning between each vertebra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery didn't fix his pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day during brunch at a friend's house, something happened that altered the course of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I stood up from a chair and just had an explosive electric shock through my lower back,\" he remembers. \"Basically, I fell to the floor and couldn't get up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His previous pain was severe. But this was over the top. Groopman could hardly move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was so desperate after almost three weeks that I found a neurosurgeon and orthopedist who said, 'You have spinal instability. We'll fuse you, and in three weeks you'll be playing football.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002968.htm\">spinal fusion\u003c/a>, surgeons weld together adjacent vertebrae with a bone graft. It's an \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/ccor/studies/SpineSurgEpi.shtml\">increasingly common\u003c/a> operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Groopman, more surgery made things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I woke up from the surgery in excruciating pain, and basically could hardly move my legs,\" he says. \"And I remember the orthopedic surgeon coming by and saying, 'Well, I don't know why you're having so much trouble. ... But, you know, if it doesn't get better in a few weeks we could reoperate.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some research suggests that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268274\">1 in 5 patients\u003c/a> who have surgery for back pain end up having more surgery.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>For some, like Jerry Groopman, it doesn't help at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/22/1/62.abstract?sid=e37c1e7a-9d17-440e-a7f2-a661a4ab70b7\">good reason\u003c/a> to think that we are overprescribing painkillers, overprescribing injections, overprescribing back surgery,\" according to Dr. Richard Deyo. He is an authority on evidence-based medicine at Oregon Health Sciences University who has studied treatment of back pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason invasive treatments for back pain have been rising in recent years, Deyo says, is the ready availability of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007493.htm\">MRI scans\u003c/a>. These detailed, color-coded pictures that can show a cross-section of the spine are a technological tour de force. But they can be dangerously \u003ca href=\"http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/imaging-tests-for-lower-back-pain/\">misleading\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing is believing,\" Deyo says. \"And gosh! We can actually see degenerated discs, we can see\u003cem> \u003c/em>bulging discs. We can see all kinds of things that are alarming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is, they look alarming. But they're most likely not the cause of the pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of people who are pain-free actually have terrible-looking MRIs. And among those who have MRI abnormalities and pain, many specialists question whether the abnormality is really the cause of the pain, and whether fixing it can make the pain go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgery can help for certain conditions, such as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/back-pain/herniated-disc-18869\">herniated or bulging disc\u003c/a> with leg pain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sciatica/basics/definition/con-20026478\">sciatica\u003c/a>. But most age-related back pain usually can't be fixed with surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research is showing that the pain often has nothing to do with the mechanics of the spine, but with the way the nervous system is behaving, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nebh.org/doctors/rainville-james-1008560\">Dr. James Rainville\u003c/a> of New England Baptist Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a change in the way the sensory system is processing information,\" says Rainville, who is a physiatrist, or specialist in rehabilitation medicine. \"Normal sensations of touch, sensations produced by movements, are translated by the nervous system into a pain message. That process is what drives people completely crazy who have back pain, because so many things produce discomfort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a different way of thinking about pain. Normally pain is an alarm bell that says, \"Stop what you're doing right now or you may hurt yourself!\" But for many people, that pain is a false signal. It's not about looming danger; it's actually caused by hypersensitive nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainville says that about \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8935469\">25 percent\u003c/a> of patients with acute back trouble get stuck in an endless loop of pain. He thinks this chronic back pain is often due to persistent hypersensitivity of the nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetics may help explain why back pain becomes chronic for that 25 percent. But whatever the underlying cause, Rainville and others have discovered that many of them can learn to ignore their pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process requires around six months of regular visits to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NM4jBGMb5s8\">back pain \"boot camp\u003c/a>,\" where specially trained therapists gradually increase the intensity of exercises designed not only to increase the strength and flexibility of the back, but also to teach patients that it's OK to move normally again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet Wertheimer is a 61-year-old Massachusetts woman who recently completed Rainville's boot camp. She has had severe back pain on and off for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent morning, therapist Lisa Childs put Wertheimer through her paces, starting with a rotary torso machine that required her to twist her back this way and that against the resistance of a stack of iron plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next she moved to a back extension device. Wertheimer arched her back against the weight stack — by this point in her rehabilitation, 100 pounds of weight. It's something most people with chronic back pain couldn't imagine doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you feel like you could do 5 pounds more or 10 pounds?\" Childs asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can try 10 and I'll see what happens,\" Wertheimer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wertheimer has a sudden twinge in her back. But Childs, who's trained to evaluate these things, says it's OK. Wertheimer is building strength. And along the way, she's learning not to be afraid. \"It's learning not to fear the pain, learning that you can live with pain,\" Wertheimer says. \"Understand what that pain is, but then put it aside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most patients in Rainville's boot camp and similar programs find that the pain eventually lessens over a few months. Sometimes it even goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years after his spinal fusion, Groopman was never without back pain. He tried a long list of things without success. Then a friend suggested that he see Rainville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given his long search for relief, Groopman was skeptical. But he decided to give Rainville's boot camp a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was really tough,\" Groopman recalls. \"He said to me, 'You are worshiping the volcano god of pain!' And I thought: 'What is this about?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainville explains: \"In primitive cultures, if you lived near a volcano and the volcano started smoking and looking like something was going to happen, well, it was obvious[ly] because gods were mad at you. And you'd start doing silly things — sacrificing chickens or goats or whatever, thinking that that would appease the gods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a strange way, Rainville says, people with chronic back pain do something very similar. They sacrifice parts of their life — playing golf or softball, running, picking up bags of groceries or grandchildren. Patients get so afraid of pain, they do anything to avoid it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They keep putting things onto this altar, thinking that's going to change the situation,\" Rainville says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it usually doesn't work. Instead, they get more paranoid about any twinge of pain, and all the while they lose strength and flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually that message sank in with the skeptical Dr. Groopman. \"It took about two months for me to really buy in that this was the way to go,\" he says. \"Just let it go. Don't pay attention to it. ... And after about nine months, I was basically without any back pain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn't work that well for everyone. Janet Wertheimer still has some back pain. But she says after graduating from boot camp she can pretty much do anything she wants to — ski, go on mountain hikes, walk her dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the pain? Most of the time, she says, she blocks it out and moves on.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Surgery can help for certain conditions, such as a herniated or bulging disc with leg pain called sciatica. But most age-related back pain usually can't be fixed with surgery.\r\n\r\nResearch is showing that the pain often has nothing to do with the mechanics of the spine, but with the way the nervous system is behaving, according to Dr. James Rainville of New England Baptist Hospital in Boston.",
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"description": "Surgery can help for certain conditions, such as a herniated or bulging disc with leg pain called sciatica. But most age-related back pain usually can't be fixed with surgery.\r\n\r\nResearch is showing that the pain often has nothing to do with the mechanics of the spine, but with the way the nervous system is behaving, according to Dr. James Rainville of New England Baptist Hospital in Boston.",
"title": "Back Pain? Exercise May Help You Learn Not to Feel It | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/79071736-e1389637911232.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17153\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/79071736-640x424.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Patti Neighmond and Richard Knox\u003c/strong>,\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/13/255457090/pain-in-the-back-exercise-may-help-you-learn-not-to-feel-it\" target=\"_blank\"> NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1 in 4 adult Americans say they've recently suffered a bout of low-back pain. It's one of the most common reasons people go to the doctor. And more and more people are being treated for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America spends \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=181453\">more than $80 billion a year\u003c/a> on back pain treatments. But many specialists say less treatment is usually more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, there's \u003ca href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/22/1/62.full.pdf+html\">evidence\u003c/a> that many standard treatments for back pain — surgery, spinal injections and painkillers — are often ineffective and can even worsen and prolong the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jerome Groopman agrees with that premise. He suffered back pain for almost 20 years. He was a young marathon runner 32 years ago when back pain struck out of the blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't run. It was difficult to sleep,\" he says. \"I wasn't confined to bed, but I was hobbling around.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groopman, a Harvard cancer specialist who writes about medicine for \u003cem>The New Yorker\u003c/em>, wanted the problem fixed — right away. So he found a surgeon who removed a damaged \u003ca href=\"http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/spine-anatomy/spinal-discs\">disc\u003c/a>, the jellylike cushioning between each vertebra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery didn't fix his pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day during brunch at a friend's house, something happened that altered the course of his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I stood up from a chair and just had an explosive electric shock through my lower back,\" he remembers. \"Basically, I fell to the floor and couldn't get up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His previous pain was severe. But this was over the top. Groopman could hardly move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was so desperate after almost three weeks that I found a neurosurgeon and orthopedist who said, 'You have spinal instability. We'll fuse you, and in three weeks you'll be playing football.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002968.htm\">spinal fusion\u003c/a>, surgeons weld together adjacent vertebrae with a bone graft. It's an \u003ca href=\"http://depts.washington.edu/ccor/studies/SpineSurgEpi.shtml\">increasingly common\u003c/a> operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Groopman, more surgery made things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I woke up from the surgery in excruciating pain, and basically could hardly move my legs,\" he says. \"And I remember the orthopedic surgeon coming by and saying, 'Well, I don't know why you're having so much trouble. ... But, you know, if it doesn't get better in a few weeks we could reoperate.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some research suggests that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17268274\">1 in 5 patients\u003c/a> who have surgery for back pain end up having more surgery.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>For some, like Jerry Groopman, it doesn't help at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.jabfm.org/content/22/1/62.abstract?sid=e37c1e7a-9d17-440e-a7f2-a661a4ab70b7\">good reason\u003c/a> to think that we are overprescribing painkillers, overprescribing injections, overprescribing back surgery,\" according to Dr. Richard Deyo. He is an authority on evidence-based medicine at Oregon Health Sciences University who has studied treatment of back pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason invasive treatments for back pain have been rising in recent years, Deyo says, is the ready availability of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007493.htm\">MRI scans\u003c/a>. These detailed, color-coded pictures that can show a cross-section of the spine are a technological tour de force. But they can be dangerously \u003ca href=\"http://www.choosingwisely.org/doctor-patient-lists/imaging-tests-for-lower-back-pain/\">misleading\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing is believing,\" Deyo says. \"And gosh! We can actually see degenerated discs, we can see\u003cem> \u003c/em>bulging discs. We can see all kinds of things that are alarming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is, they look alarming. But they're most likely not the cause of the pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of people who are pain-free actually have terrible-looking MRIs. And among those who have MRI abnormalities and pain, many specialists question whether the abnormality is really the cause of the pain, and whether fixing it can make the pain go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgery can help for certain conditions, such as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/back-pain/herniated-disc-18869\">herniated or bulging disc\u003c/a> with leg pain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sciatica/basics/definition/con-20026478\">sciatica\u003c/a>. But most age-related back pain usually can't be fixed with surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research is showing that the pain often has nothing to do with the mechanics of the spine, but with the way the nervous system is behaving, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nebh.org/doctors/rainville-james-1008560\">Dr. James Rainville\u003c/a> of New England Baptist Hospital in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a change in the way the sensory system is processing information,\" says Rainville, who is a physiatrist, or specialist in rehabilitation medicine. \"Normal sensations of touch, sensations produced by movements, are translated by the nervous system into a pain message. That process is what drives people completely crazy who have back pain, because so many things produce discomfort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a different way of thinking about pain. Normally pain is an alarm bell that says, \"Stop what you're doing right now or you may hurt yourself!\" But for many people, that pain is a false signal. It's not about looming danger; it's actually caused by hypersensitive nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainville says that about \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8935469\">25 percent\u003c/a> of patients with acute back trouble get stuck in an endless loop of pain. He thinks this chronic back pain is often due to persistent hypersensitivity of the nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetics may help explain why back pain becomes chronic for that 25 percent. But whatever the underlying cause, Rainville and others have discovered that many of them can learn to ignore their pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process requires around six months of regular visits to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NM4jBGMb5s8\">back pain \"boot camp\u003c/a>,\" where specially trained therapists gradually increase the intensity of exercises designed not only to increase the strength and flexibility of the back, but also to teach patients that it's OK to move normally again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet Wertheimer is a 61-year-old Massachusetts woman who recently completed Rainville's boot camp. She has had severe back pain on and off for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent morning, therapist Lisa Childs put Wertheimer through her paces, starting with a rotary torso machine that required her to twist her back this way and that against the resistance of a stack of iron plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next she moved to a back extension device. Wertheimer arched her back against the weight stack — by this point in her rehabilitation, 100 pounds of weight. It's something most people with chronic back pain couldn't imagine doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Do you feel like you could do 5 pounds more or 10 pounds?\" Childs asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can try 10 and I'll see what happens,\" Wertheimer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wertheimer has a sudden twinge in her back. But Childs, who's trained to evaluate these things, says it's OK. Wertheimer is building strength. And along the way, she's learning not to be afraid. \"It's learning not to fear the pain, learning that you can live with pain,\" Wertheimer says. \"Understand what that pain is, but then put it aside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most patients in Rainville's boot camp and similar programs find that the pain eventually lessens over a few months. Sometimes it even goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years after his spinal fusion, Groopman was never without back pain. He tried a long list of things without success. Then a friend suggested that he see Rainville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given his long search for relief, Groopman was skeptical. But he decided to give Rainville's boot camp a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was really tough,\" Groopman recalls. \"He said to me, 'You are worshiping the volcano god of pain!' And I thought: 'What is this about?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainville explains: \"In primitive cultures, if you lived near a volcano and the volcano started smoking and looking like something was going to happen, well, it was obvious[ly] because gods were mad at you. And you'd start doing silly things — sacrificing chickens or goats or whatever, thinking that that would appease the gods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a strange way, Rainville says, people with chronic back pain do something very similar. They sacrifice parts of their life — playing golf or softball, running, picking up bags of groceries or grandchildren. Patients get so afraid of pain, they do anything to avoid it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They keep putting things onto this altar, thinking that's going to change the situation,\" Rainville says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it usually doesn't work. Instead, they get more paranoid about any twinge of pain, and all the while they lose strength and flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually that message sank in with the skeptical Dr. Groopman. \"It took about two months for me to really buy in that this was the way to go,\" he says. \"Just let it go. Don't pay attention to it. ... And after about nine months, I was basically without any back pain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn't work that well for everyone. Janet Wertheimer still has some back pain. But she says after graduating from boot camp she can pretty much do anything she wants to — ski, go on mountain hikes, walk her dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the pain? Most of the time, she says, she blocks it out and moves on.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Flu Now Widespread in California",
"title": "Flu Now Widespread in California",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/35618987@N05/8165753357/in/photolist-drzBYZ-aMMogF-axqcCi-axsPJA-axsU7q-axsNGN-axq8cD-8T6zyr-hL4Qoa-9wAPEr-dxJE2Z-akLiwJ-deRgYN-8TQmFT-8ANF83-fKNXuR-gLRbyB-8TExcU-att2uB-atvHRY-atsYnr-att2Nr-atvFCL-atsYVx-atsZWB-atvCBm-atsYHV-att15c-atvJe9-att12R-atsXsp-atsYr4-atvGYf-att2Ap-att3AR-att1AP-att3FX-atvGaf-atvHsd-atsXBr-att2b4-att2TB-atvFcw-atvCSs-atvDi9-atvHXU-atsZzD-atvJhb-atsYd2-atvEmL-atvFPJ\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17082\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State health officials are urging Californians to get vaccinated against the flu. At least nine people have died in the Bay Area in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is the H1N1 strain, also known as swine flu. This is the same subtype of influenza that caused a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm\" target=\"_blank\">pandemic\u003c/a> in 2009-2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine is widely available and well suited to protect against the circulating H1N1 strain, officials say. Doctors' offices, pharmacies and grocery stores carry the vaccine. In addition, local health departments generally provide the vaccine at low or no cost.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually influenza is most dangerous to people over 65, but the H1N1 strain is hitting younger adults harder this year, said Dr. Janice Louie, public health medical officer for the California Department of Public Health. In particular this year, adults ages 30-50 who also have chronic illnesses are at greatest risk of complications from the flu, she said. Those illnesses include lung diseases, such as emphysema and asthma, diabetes, heart disease, cancer or HIV. People who are obese are also at greater risk of severe influenza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those people who have risk factors who get ill, they should see their doctor right away,\" Louie said, \"because there are antiviral treatments that can help prevent the infection from becoming more severe and prevent progression into pneumonia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County has been hard hit by flu. Already this year, four people have died. In Contra Costa County, 18 people are hospitalized in the ICU with complications from influenza. Hospitals in Sacramento County are seeing a surge in admissions, including children, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/01/07/6054673/flu-season-takes-a-toll-on-sacramento.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/symptoms.htm\" target=\"_blank\">symptoms of influenza\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fever or feeling feverish/chills (CDC says not everyone with flu will have fever.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cough\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sore throat\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Runny or stuffy nose\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Muscle or body aches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Headaches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fatigue (tiredness)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State health officials are urging Californians to get vaccinated against the flu. At least eight people have died statewide in recent weeks, including a death in Contra Costa County announced on Tuesday.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/35618987@N05/8165753357/in/photolist-drzBYZ-aMMogF-axqcCi-axsPJA-axsU7q-axsNGN-axq8cD-8T6zyr-hL4Qoa-9wAPEr-dxJE2Z-akLiwJ-deRgYN-8TQmFT-8ANF83-fKNXuR-gLRbyB-8TExcU-att2uB-atvHRY-atsYnr-att2Nr-atvFCL-atsYVx-atsZWB-atvCBm-atsYHV-att15c-atvJe9-att12R-atsXsp-atsYr4-atvGYf-att2Ap-att3AR-att1AP-att3FX-atvGaf-atvHsd-atsXBr-att2b4-att2TB-atvFcw-atvCSs-atvDi9-atvHXU-atsZzD-atvJhb-atsYd2-atvEmL-atvFPJ\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17082\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State health officials are urging Californians to get vaccinated against the flu. At least nine people have died in the Bay Area in recent weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is the H1N1 strain, also known as swine flu. This is the same subtype of influenza that caused a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm\" target=\"_blank\">pandemic\u003c/a> in 2009-2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine is widely available and well suited to protect against the circulating H1N1 strain, officials say. Doctors' offices, pharmacies and grocery stores carry the vaccine. In addition, local health departments generally provide the vaccine at low or no cost.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually influenza is most dangerous to people over 65, but the H1N1 strain is hitting younger adults harder this year, said Dr. Janice Louie, public health medical officer for the California Department of Public Health. In particular this year, adults ages 30-50 who also have chronic illnesses are at greatest risk of complications from the flu, she said. Those illnesses include lung diseases, such as emphysema and asthma, diabetes, heart disease, cancer or HIV. People who are obese are also at greater risk of severe influenza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those people who have risk factors who get ill, they should see their doctor right away,\" Louie said, \"because there are antiviral treatments that can help prevent the infection from becoming more severe and prevent progression into pneumonia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County has been hard hit by flu. Already this year, four people have died. In Contra Costa County, 18 people are hospitalized in the ICU with complications from influenza. Hospitals in Sacramento County are seeing a surge in admissions, including children, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/01/07/6054673/flu-season-takes-a-toll-on-sacramento.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/symptoms.htm\" target=\"_blank\">symptoms of influenza\u003c/a> include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fever or feeling feverish/chills (CDC says not everyone with flu will have fever.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cough\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sore throat\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Runny or stuffy nose\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Muscle or body aches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Headaches\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fatigue (tiredness)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Some people may have vomiting and diarrhea, though this is more common in children than adults\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meditation Can Help Manage Anxiety, Depression and Pain",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17040\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-e1389130105169.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17040\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-640x488.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Allison Aubrey\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/07/260470831/meditation-can-help-manage-anxiety-depression-and-pain?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are increasingly turning to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964\" target=\"_blank\">mindfulness mediation\u003c/a> to manage health issues, and meditation classes are being offered through schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors have questioned whether this ancient Eastern practice really offers measurable health benefits. A fresh \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1809754\" target=\"_blank\">review \u003c/a>of the evidence should help sort that out.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism.\" It's completely secular. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meditation does help manage anxiety, depression and pain, according to the 47 studies analyzed in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> on Monday, but does not appear to help with other problems, including substance abuse, sleep and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have moderate confidence that mindfulness practices have a beneficial effect,\" wrote the author of the paper, Dr. Madhav Goyal of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, in an email to Shots. He says the positive effects on anxiety, depression and pain can be modest, but are seen across multiple studies.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was surprising to see that with so little training [about 2.5 hours of meditation practice per week] we were still seeing consistent effects,\" Goyal wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One type of mindfulness training that was used in many of the research studies is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.mindfullivingprograms.com/whatMBSR.php\" target=\"_blank\">Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction\u003c/a> (or MBSR). It's typically taught in eight sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism,\" says Jon Kabat-Zinn, the father of MBSR. It's completely secular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of mindfulness meditation is to train the brain to stay in the moment. To do this, practitioners are taught to let go of the regrets of the past as well as anxieties about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study reviewed earlier research that evaluated the effectiveness of meditation for managing a whole range of medical conditions — from breast cancer, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With diseases like breast cancer, meditation is not used as a treatment for the disease. It's supportive care designed to help a person deal with the stress that comes with cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362338\" target=\"_blank\">breast cancer study\u003c/a>, researchers enrolled 163 women with stage 1 or stage 2 breast cancer. The women were randomized to either an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction class or to other kinds of more standard supportive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Techniques taught during the meditation class included visualizations to help shift attention away from thoughts that cause anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One technique is called the body scan. This is where you lie back on a mat and the teacher has you check in with each part of your body\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're told to relax all the tension in your jaws, then your neck, your shoulders, and so on, down the body. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964#7650123\" target=\"_blank\">Here's an audio link to the body scan\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point is stop the mind from wandering off and to connect with your body. Do your toes feel colder than the rest of your body? Are you feeling resistance in any part of the body? The teacher guides participants to tune in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four months, the women who meditated experienced significant improvements in what the researchers called quality of life and coping outcomes, compared to the women in other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, meditation is not for everyone. It's a discipline that needs daily time and attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in many of the studies meditation was no more effective than medications and other non-medical treatments, including exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the meta-analysis found little evidence that meditation programs could help treat substance abuse, sleep or weight issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the researchers concluded that meditation has no harmful side effects. And it's free and something people can easily do at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's my favorite mindfulness visualization: If you've got a nagging thought that won't go away, just picture a cloud. Visualize that nagging thought being attached to the cloud. Now watch it float away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's left behind? A clear, blue sky. And hopefully a clearer mind. At least for the moment!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related content:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/fresno-area-high-school-students-embrace-mindfulness-movement-new-club\" target=\"_blank\">Fresno Area High School Students Embrace Mindfulness Movement with New Club\u003c/a> (KVPR)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17040\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-e1389130105169.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17040\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/172587288-640x488.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Allison Aubrey\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/01/07/260470831/meditation-can-help-manage-anxiety-depression-and-pain?ft=1&f=1128&utm_content=socialflow&utm_campaign=nprhealth&utm_source=health&utm_medium=twitter\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are increasingly turning to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964\" target=\"_blank\">mindfulness mediation\u003c/a> to manage health issues, and meditation classes are being offered through schools and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But doctors have questioned whether this ancient Eastern practice really offers measurable health benefits. A fresh \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1809754\" target=\"_blank\">review \u003c/a>of the evidence should help sort that out.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism.\" It's completely secular. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meditation does help manage anxiety, depression and pain, according to the 47 studies analyzed in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em> on Monday, but does not appear to help with other problems, including substance abuse, sleep and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have moderate confidence that mindfulness practices have a beneficial effect,\" wrote the author of the paper, Dr. Madhav Goyal of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, in an email to Shots. He says the positive effects on anxiety, depression and pain can be modest, but are seen across multiple studies.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was surprising to see that with so little training [about 2.5 hours of meditation practice per week] we were still seeing consistent effects,\" Goyal wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One type of mindfulness training that was used in many of the research studies is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.mindfullivingprograms.com/whatMBSR.php\" target=\"_blank\">Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction\u003c/a> (or MBSR). It's typically taught in eight sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it as Buddhist meditation \"but without the Buddhism,\" says Jon Kabat-Zinn, the father of MBSR. It's completely secular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of mindfulness meditation is to train the brain to stay in the moment. To do this, practitioners are taught to let go of the regrets of the past as well as anxieties about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study reviewed earlier research that evaluated the effectiveness of meditation for managing a whole range of medical conditions — from breast cancer, irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia to depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>With diseases like breast cancer, meditation is not used as a treatment for the disease. It's supportive care designed to help a person deal with the stress that comes with cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23362338\" target=\"_blank\">breast cancer study\u003c/a>, researchers enrolled 163 women with stage 1 or stage 2 breast cancer. The women were randomized to either an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction class or to other kinds of more standard supportive care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Techniques taught during the meditation class included visualizations to help shift attention away from thoughts that cause anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One technique is called the body scan. This is where you lie back on a mat and the teacher has you check in with each part of your body\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You're told to relax all the tension in your jaws, then your neck, your shoulders, and so on, down the body. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=7654964#7650123\" target=\"_blank\">Here's an audio link to the body scan\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point is stop the mind from wandering off and to connect with your body. Do your toes feel colder than the rest of your body? Are you feeling resistance in any part of the body? The teacher guides participants to tune in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four months, the women who meditated experienced significant improvements in what the researchers called quality of life and coping outcomes, compared to the women in other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, meditation is not for everyone. It's a discipline that needs daily time and attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in many of the studies meditation was no more effective than medications and other non-medical treatments, including exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the meta-analysis found little evidence that meditation programs could help treat substance abuse, sleep or weight issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the researchers concluded that meditation has no harmful side effects. And it's free and something people can easily do at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's my favorite mindfulness visualization: If you've got a nagging thought that won't go away, just picture a cloud. Visualize that nagging thought being attached to the cloud. Now watch it float away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's left behind? A clear, blue sky. And hopefully a clearer mind. At least for the moment!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related content:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/fresno-area-high-school-students-embrace-mindfulness-movement-new-club\" target=\"_blank\">Fresno Area High School Students Embrace Mindfulness Movement with New Club\u003c/a> (KVPR)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Rethinking Normal: An Exploratorium Exhibit Takes on Mental Health",
"headTitle": "Rethinking Normal: An Exploratorium Exhibit Takes on Mental Health | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12791\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/suitcases-1024x768.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12791\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12791 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/suitcases-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"New York State historian Craig Williams recovered 427 suitcases from the attic of Willard Psychiatric Center when it closed in 1995. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"614\" height=\"461\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New York State historian Craig Williams recovered 427 suitcases from the attic of Willard Psychiatric Center when it closed in 1995. You can see some of the preserved contents (on loan) at the Exploratorium. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It used to take just 15 minutes to leave the comfort of my parents’ suburban Philadelphia home and drive through the gates of what our local paper once called “the shame of Pennsylvania.” I had not read that story when I first befriended Lizzie at Pennhurst State School and Hospital in the mid-1970s, after my friend’s Sunday school teacher arranged for us to visit two longtime residents who never left the facility. Neither had I watched reporter Bill Baldini’s 1968 television series \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/on-air/community/Video_Suffer_the_Little_Children_Philadelphia.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Suffer the Little Children,”\u003c/a> a harrowing exposé that ultimately led to the dilapidated institution’s closure in 1987.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Lizzie was just like me. She liked to watch “The Beverly Hillbillies.” She liked to have her hair brushed. She loved chocolate. But she couldn’t speak or walk and spent her days in a hospital bed with retractable sides. She couldn’t tell me how she came to live in Pennhurst in 1938 as an 11-year-old, and the attendants didn’t know. They did know, however, that I was her only visitor. Had I seen what Baldini documented—patients shackled to the metal slats on their beds, lying in threadbare gowns on dirty mattresses—I don’t know if I’d have had the courage to set foot in that sad place. I used to flinch to see patients crammed into overcrowded wards, adults in cribs serving as cages, with no sign of personal items and no hope of privacy. But I never witnessed the worst of the atrocities Baldini revealed. I was too young to fully grasp what I saw at Pennhurst, but it was clear enough, even to a teenager, that Lizzie and those like her were being warehoused, kept at a safe distance from “normal” people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is normal—and the shifting definitions of normal over time for practitioners, patients and society—is the subject of a temporary exhibition at the Exploratorium, recently extended through August 2014, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/west-gallery/whatisnormal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Changing Face of What Is Normal: Mental Health\u003c/a>. The exhibition, a collection of artifacts, video and audio interviews and artworks that came together bit by bit, occupies the museum’s West Gallery, a new space for exploring the nexus between human thought, behavior and social interaction. Its inspiration comes from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eFMj2AdXtE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glore Psychiatric Museum\u003c/a> in St. Joseph, Missouri, which Exploratorium senior artist Pam Winfrey happened upon during a family visit. The Glore museum, the brainchild of a Missouri Department of Mental Health employee and historian named George Glore, displays authentic treatment devices from the 1940s and ’50s along with replicas of somewhat frightening contraptions from centuries past, many occupied by mannequins. When Winfrey saw a mannequin in a \u003ca href=\"http://westernillinoismuseum.org/artifact_month/2011_october.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Utica Crib\u003c/a>—a 19th-century coffin-like restraint device—the veteran museum curator saw an opportunity. Maybe an interactive exhibit could help visitors imagine what it would be like to be confined in something like that, she thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked exhibit developer Pete Scheidl to make a Utica Crib, and they placed it on the museum floor. But to be truly successful, the crib requires a difficult leap of the imagination, Winfrey acknowledges, especially in a space that can sometimes feel chaotic. “I knew you could never really replicate what it must feel like to be in something like that against your will,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shifting Definitions of Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winfrey contemplated other ways to encourage visitors to think about what it means to be normal–and about what happens when others make that judgment for you. The more she thought about the Glore mannequins locked in grim repose in Utica Cribs, the more she wondered about the people they represent. What were their lives like? Were they really so different from their contemporaries? Would we see them as normal today? What will future generations think of those we consider mentally ill today? These questions naturally led Winfrey to the clinician’s guide to mental conditions, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u003c/a>, or DSM, published by the American Psychiatric Association. The current edition, DSM-5, sits on display behind a glass case along with its earlier major revisions, testifying to the evolving nature of practitioners’ understanding of mental disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12793\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 261px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/crib-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12793 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/crib-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"An Exploratorium visitor tries out the 19th-century Utica Crib, designed to prevent patients from harming themselves or others. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"261\" height=\"414\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Exploratorium visitor tries out the 19th-century Utica Crib, designed to prevent patients from harming themselves or others. Click to enlarge. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Social psychologist Hugh McDonald, senior science writer and project director for the exhibition, says the DSM aims to provide those on the front lines of mental health care with a common language. “At least we can say we’re talking about the same set of symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But controversy surrounded DSM-5 even before it came out last May, from charges of conflicts of interest—a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2012 PLOS Medicine study \u003c/a>found that three-quarters of DSM advisors have financial ties to pharmaceutical companies that make medications used to treat mental disorders—to “medicalizing” grief and other normal responses to life’s challenges. And just a few weeks before the APA released its manual, National Institute of Mental Health Director \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Insel announced\u003c/a> that the institute would no longer support research based on DSM categories because they lack “validity”—that is, the diagnoses are based on a collection of symptoms rather than any objective measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coinciding with the release of DSM-5, NIMH launched its own initiative, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/nimh-research-domain-criteria-rdoc.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Research Domain Criteria, \u003c/a>to bring the treatment of mental disorders in line with advances in genetics, imaging, cognitive and neuroscience research. The goal is to transform diagnosis and treatment by incorporating objective measures of brain function into a practice that has long depended on the subjective assessment of symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a gap between what neuroscientists are finding and what’s happening in the clinical world,” McDonald says. “Most clinicians are not neuroscientists, so bringing those two worlds together is an ongoing problem. The NIMH took a big step to say ‘we’re no longer going to use this as the basis of our research.’ A lot of people saw that as the first nail in the coffin of the DSM.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than settle questions about controversies of diagnosis or treatment past or present, the exhibition provides multiple perspectives, leaving viewers to come to their own conclusions. Video monitors offer testimony from patients and practitioners, noting modern-day successes as well as failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine that any patients ever welcomed a stint in the Utica Crib, but McDonald argues that even this seemingly inhumane device reflects the norms of the time. “Even though the crib looks like the worst imaginable horror to some, there were people whose greatest fear was harming someone, and they actually relaxed once they were put in the crib. For the most part, the people who ran those facilities in the 19th century weren’t out of a horror movie. They thought they were helping people, just as we do today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some argue that pharmaceuticals are the modern equivalent of the Utica Crib, he says, that we’re doing the same thing to people, we’re just using chemicals. “Are some people zombified? Probably. But there are others whose lives are saved by pharmaceuticals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other People’s Baggage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the controversy surrounding the DSM, Winfrey and McDonald recognized its value as a symbol of the changing definitions of normal behavior. But what ultimately challenges you to ponder your own conceptions of what’s normal, and if you spend the time, breaks your heart, comes from a remarkable find: 427 suitcases, long forgotten in the attic of the Willard Psychiatric Hospital, unearthed when the upstate New York institution closed its doors in 1995. Unsure what to do with the suitcases, some set aside when patients checked in more than a century ago, Willard staff called on Craig Williams, a historian with the New York State Museum. Williams’ boss told him to take 10 suitcases. He took them all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winfrey wasn’t sure whether the suitcases would work in the Exploratorium, until she visited Miller and spent time alone with all the artifacts. She was struck by the mundane nature of the items–shoes, purses, brushes, letters. They could have belonged to anyone. How better to bridge the gap between those who by whatever stroke of biology or circumstance struggle with mental illness and those who do not? The suitcases now sit behind wire screens, filled with the personal belongings of people who lived decades ago, reaching across the years to tell their stories. “I was hoping that people would look at these objects and understand that there is not a great divide between people who have mental health issues and people who don’t,” Winfrey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12795\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/brushes-1024x694.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12795\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/brushes-1024x694.jpg\" alt=\"Photographer Jon Crispin took this photo of a Willard patient's brushes, found in one of the recovered suitcases. "These aren’t just things," Crispin says. "They’re a part of people’s lives. There’s a reverence I feel toward these objects that I hope to be able to show in the photographs that I take."\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographer Jon Crispin took this photo of a Willard patient’s brushes, found in one of the recovered suitcases. “These aren’t just things,” Crispin says. “They’re a part of people’s lives. There’s a reverence I feel toward these objects that I hope to be able to show in the photographs that I take.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When people entered Willard or other institutions, they didn’t know how long they’d be there. “We wanted visitors to think, ‘Oh, they aren’t bringing bizarre items I’d never seen before,’ says McDonald. ‘They’re bringing the same stuff I would bring.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personal stories about each patient accompany their belongings, along with a “then and now” diagnosis, thanks to the efforts of clinical psychiatrist and exhibition collaborator Karen Miller, who secured unprecedented access to the patients’ files, normally sealed in perpetuity to protect privacy. Many of the patients were diagnosed with dementia praecox, a chronic psychotic disorder that was later recast as schizophrenia—including “Frank,” a man whose only “problem” appeared to be that he was homosexual. He was deeply troubled, his records show, but whether his condition resulted from biology or persecution is unclear. It wasn’t until 1973 that the APA removed homosexuality from the DSM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Winfrey’s account, Willard was a resort compared to Pennhurst. “Willard was a grand experiment, it was almost like a village,” she says. “The only cinema in town was in the hospital, so everybody would go to the cinema there. And before labor laws outlawed it, all the patients would come down to town and work.” In 1973, a federal court ruled that patients in mental health institutions could no longer work for free. Caregivers share their experiences working at Willard through recordings played through phones mounted throughout the exhibition. Some worried that laws designed to protect the patients ultimately deprived them of purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the stories, “so personal, specific and special,” Winfrey was most touched by the plight of Madeline C. Born in 1896, Madeline was first admitted to a psychiatric hospital in 1932. “She spoke five languages, was educated at the Sorbonne, had lots of paints and was very artistic. A lot of her letters said, ‘I don’t belong here. Please get me out of here. You’re the only one who can help me,’ ” Winfrey says. “They were all unsent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>****\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibition runs through August 2014. (Winfrey and McDonald \u003ca href=\"http://www.peersnet.org/videos/mental-health-matters-changing-face-what-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discussed their vision\u003c/a> for the exhibition last year, before it opened.) Until recently, visitors posted notes about their views of mental health and what’s normal on the museum floor, visible on \u003ca href=\"http://changingnormal.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tumblr.\u003c/a> You can join the conversation on Twitter, using the hash tag #myNormal.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As scientists struggle to find better ways to diagnose and treat mental disorders, an Exploratorium exhibition, \"The Changing Face of What Is Normal,\" experiments with a new way to encourage people to think about what is normal. ",
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"description": "As scientists struggle to find better ways to diagnose and treat mental disorders, an Exploratorium exhibition, "The Changing Face of What Is Normal," experiments with a new way to encourage people to think about what is normal. ",
"title": "Rethinking Normal: An Exploratorium Exhibit Takes on Mental Health | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12791\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/suitcases-1024x768.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12791\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12791 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/suitcases-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"New York State historian Craig Williams recovered 427 suitcases from the attic of Willard Psychiatric Center when it closed in 1995. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"614\" height=\"461\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New York State historian Craig Williams recovered 427 suitcases from the attic of Willard Psychiatric Center when it closed in 1995. You can see some of the preserved contents (on loan) at the Exploratorium. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It used to take just 15 minutes to leave the comfort of my parents’ suburban Philadelphia home and drive through the gates of what our local paper once called “the shame of Pennsylvania.” I had not read that story when I first befriended Lizzie at Pennhurst State School and Hospital in the mid-1970s, after my friend’s Sunday school teacher arranged for us to visit two longtime residents who never left the facility. Neither had I watched reporter Bill Baldini’s 1968 television series \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/on-air/community/Video_Suffer_the_Little_Children_Philadelphia.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Suffer the Little Children,”\u003c/a> a harrowing exposé that ultimately led to the dilapidated institution’s closure in 1987.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Lizzie was just like me. She liked to watch “The Beverly Hillbillies.” She liked to have her hair brushed. She loved chocolate. But she couldn’t speak or walk and spent her days in a hospital bed with retractable sides. She couldn’t tell me how she came to live in Pennhurst in 1938 as an 11-year-old, and the attendants didn’t know. They did know, however, that I was her only visitor. Had I seen what Baldini documented—patients shackled to the metal slats on their beds, lying in threadbare gowns on dirty mattresses—I don’t know if I’d have had the courage to set foot in that sad place. I used to flinch to see patients crammed into overcrowded wards, adults in cribs serving as cages, with no sign of personal items and no hope of privacy. But I never witnessed the worst of the atrocities Baldini revealed. I was too young to fully grasp what I saw at Pennhurst, but it was clear enough, even to a teenager, that Lizzie and those like her were being warehoused, kept at a safe distance from “normal” people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is normal—and the shifting definitions of normal over time for practitioners, patients and society—is the subject of a temporary exhibition at the Exploratorium, recently extended through August 2014, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/west-gallery/whatisnormal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Changing Face of What Is Normal: Mental Health\u003c/a>. The exhibition, a collection of artifacts, video and audio interviews and artworks that came together bit by bit, occupies the museum’s West Gallery, a new space for exploring the nexus between human thought, behavior and social interaction. Its inspiration comes from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1eFMj2AdXtE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glore Psychiatric Museum\u003c/a> in St. Joseph, Missouri, which Exploratorium senior artist Pam Winfrey happened upon during a family visit. The Glore museum, the brainchild of a Missouri Department of Mental Health employee and historian named George Glore, displays authentic treatment devices from the 1940s and ’50s along with replicas of somewhat frightening contraptions from centuries past, many occupied by mannequins. When Winfrey saw a mannequin in a \u003ca href=\"http://westernillinoismuseum.org/artifact_month/2011_october.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Utica Crib\u003c/a>—a 19th-century coffin-like restraint device—the veteran museum curator saw an opportunity. Maybe an interactive exhibit could help visitors imagine what it would be like to be confined in something like that, she thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked exhibit developer Pete Scheidl to make a Utica Crib, and they placed it on the museum floor. But to be truly successful, the crib requires a difficult leap of the imagination, Winfrey acknowledges, especially in a space that can sometimes feel chaotic. “I knew you could never really replicate what it must feel like to be in something like that against your will,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shifting Definitions of Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winfrey contemplated other ways to encourage visitors to think about what it means to be normal–and about what happens when others make that judgment for you. The more she thought about the Glore mannequins locked in grim repose in Utica Cribs, the more she wondered about the people they represent. What were their lives like? Were they really so different from their contemporaries? Would we see them as normal today? What will future generations think of those we consider mentally ill today? These questions naturally led Winfrey to the clinician’s guide to mental conditions, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders\u003c/a>, or DSM, published by the American Psychiatric Association. The current edition, DSM-5, sits on display behind a glass case along with its earlier major revisions, testifying to the evolving nature of practitioners’ understanding of mental disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12793\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 261px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/crib-768x1024.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-12793 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/crib-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"An Exploratorium visitor tries out the 19th-century Utica Crib, designed to prevent patients from harming themselves or others. (Photo: Liza Gross)\" width=\"261\" height=\"414\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Exploratorium visitor tries out the 19th-century Utica Crib, designed to prevent patients from harming themselves or others. Click to enlarge. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Social psychologist Hugh McDonald, senior science writer and project director for the exhibition, says the DSM aims to provide those on the front lines of mental health care with a common language. “At least we can say we’re talking about the same set of symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But controversy surrounded DSM-5 even before it came out last May, from charges of conflicts of interest—a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001190\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2012 PLOS Medicine study \u003c/a>found that three-quarters of DSM advisors have financial ties to pharmaceutical companies that make medications used to treat mental disorders—to “medicalizing” grief and other normal responses to life’s challenges. And just a few weeks before the APA released its manual, National Institute of Mental Health Director \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/director/2013/transforming-diagnosis.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas Insel announced\u003c/a> that the institute would no longer support research based on DSM categories because they lack “validity”—that is, the diagnoses are based on a collection of symptoms rather than any objective measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coinciding with the release of DSM-5, NIMH launched its own initiative, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/nimh-research-domain-criteria-rdoc.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Research Domain Criteria, \u003c/a>to bring the treatment of mental disorders in line with advances in genetics, imaging, cognitive and neuroscience research. The goal is to transform diagnosis and treatment by incorporating objective measures of brain function into a practice that has long depended on the subjective assessment of symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still a gap between what neuroscientists are finding and what’s happening in the clinical world,” McDonald says. “Most clinicians are not neuroscientists, so bringing those two worlds together is an ongoing problem. The NIMH took a big step to say ‘we’re no longer going to use this as the basis of our research.’ A lot of people saw that as the first nail in the coffin of the DSM.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than settle questions about controversies of diagnosis or treatment past or present, the exhibition provides multiple perspectives, leaving viewers to come to their own conclusions. Video monitors offer testimony from patients and practitioners, noting modern-day successes as well as failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to imagine that any patients ever welcomed a stint in the Utica Crib, but McDonald argues that even this seemingly inhumane device reflects the norms of the time. “Even though the crib looks like the worst imaginable horror to some, there were people whose greatest fear was harming someone, and they actually relaxed once they were put in the crib. For the most part, the people who ran those facilities in the 19th century weren’t out of a horror movie. They thought they were helping people, just as we do today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some argue that pharmaceuticals are the modern equivalent of the Utica Crib, he says, that we’re doing the same thing to people, we’re just using chemicals. “Are some people zombified? Probably. But there are others whose lives are saved by pharmaceuticals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other People’s Baggage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the controversy surrounding the DSM, Winfrey and McDonald recognized its value as a symbol of the changing definitions of normal behavior. But what ultimately challenges you to ponder your own conceptions of what’s normal, and if you spend the time, breaks your heart, comes from a remarkable find: 427 suitcases, long forgotten in the attic of the Willard Psychiatric Hospital, unearthed when the upstate New York institution closed its doors in 1995. Unsure what to do with the suitcases, some set aside when patients checked in more than a century ago, Willard staff called on Craig Williams, a historian with the New York State Museum. Williams’ boss told him to take 10 suitcases. He took them all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winfrey wasn’t sure whether the suitcases would work in the Exploratorium, until she visited Miller and spent time alone with all the artifacts. She was struck by the mundane nature of the items–shoes, purses, brushes, letters. They could have belonged to anyone. How better to bridge the gap between those who by whatever stroke of biology or circumstance struggle with mental illness and those who do not? The suitcases now sit behind wire screens, filled with the personal belongings of people who lived decades ago, reaching across the years to tell their stories. “I was hoping that people would look at these objects and understand that there is not a great divide between people who have mental health issues and people who don’t,” Winfrey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12795\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/brushes-1024x694.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12795\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-12795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/brushes-1024x694.jpg\" alt=\"Photographer Jon Crispin took this photo of a Willard patient's brushes, found in one of the recovered suitcases. "These aren’t just things," Crispin says. "They’re a part of people’s lives. There’s a reverence I feel toward these objects that I hope to be able to show in the photographs that I take."\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photographer Jon Crispin took this photo of a Willard patient’s brushes, found in one of the recovered suitcases. “These aren’t just things,” Crispin says. “They’re a part of people’s lives. There’s a reverence I feel toward these objects that I hope to be able to show in the photographs that I take.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When people entered Willard or other institutions, they didn’t know how long they’d be there. “We wanted visitors to think, ‘Oh, they aren’t bringing bizarre items I’d never seen before,’ says McDonald. ‘They’re bringing the same stuff I would bring.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personal stories about each patient accompany their belongings, along with a “then and now” diagnosis, thanks to the efforts of clinical psychiatrist and exhibition collaborator Karen Miller, who secured unprecedented access to the patients’ files, normally sealed in perpetuity to protect privacy. Many of the patients were diagnosed with dementia praecox, a chronic psychotic disorder that was later recast as schizophrenia—including “Frank,” a man whose only “problem” appeared to be that he was homosexual. He was deeply troubled, his records show, but whether his condition resulted from biology or persecution is unclear. It wasn’t until 1973 that the APA removed homosexuality from the DSM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Winfrey’s account, Willard was a resort compared to Pennhurst. “Willard was a grand experiment, it was almost like a village,” she says. “The only cinema in town was in the hospital, so everybody would go to the cinema there. And before labor laws outlawed it, all the patients would come down to town and work.” In 1973, a federal court ruled that patients in mental health institutions could no longer work for free. Caregivers share their experiences working at Willard through recordings played through phones mounted throughout the exhibition. Some worried that laws designed to protect the patients ultimately deprived them of purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of all the stories, “so personal, specific and special,” Winfrey was most touched by the plight of Madeline C. Born in 1896, Madeline was first admitted to a psychiatric hospital in 1932. “She spoke five languages, was educated at the Sorbonne, had lots of paints and was very artistic. A lot of her letters said, ‘I don’t belong here. Please get me out of here. You’re the only one who can help me,’ ” Winfrey says. “They were all unsent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>****\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibition runs through August 2014. (Winfrey and McDonald \u003ca href=\"http://www.peersnet.org/videos/mental-health-matters-changing-face-what-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">discussed their vision\u003c/a> for the exhibition last year, before it opened.) Until recently, visitors posted notes about their views of mental health and what’s normal on the museum floor, visible on \u003ca href=\"http://changingnormal.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tumblr.\u003c/a> You can join the conversation on Twitter, using the hash tag #myNormal.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Blunt, But True: Brain Death Is Death",
"title": "Blunt, But True: Brain Death Is Death",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/200281093-001-e1388799719694.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17011\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/200281093-001-640x649.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"649\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's been more than three weeks since 13-year-old Jahi McMath was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/23/new-medical-tests-ordered-for-brain-dead-oakland-girl\" target=\"_blank\">declared brain dead \u003c/a>after what appeared to be a tonsillectomy at Children's Hospital Oakland. In the interim, the family has battled the hospital to keep McMath's body hooked up to a ventilator while they have searched for a facility willing to accept her. Friday morning, at a hearing in Alameda Superior Court, the two sides seem to have come to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/03/jahi-mcmath-release/\" target=\"_blank\">an agreement\u003c/a> that the family can possibly remove her, as long as they accept full responsibility for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This isn't a patient with a bad prognosis. This is about someone who died. And what the family is hoping for ... is resurrection.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But none of this changes the sad fact that Jahi McMath is dead, as experts patiently explained on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201312301000\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum\u003c/a> earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Magnus, director of Stanford's Center for Biomedical Ethics, pointed to six separate independent evaluations that have all come to the same conclusion, that McMath is \"medically dead, she is legally dead.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here we get into how language does not clarify, but instead causes confusion. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=McMath+life+support&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8\" target=\"_blank\">Too often\u003c/a>, McMath is referred to as being on \"life support.\" But David Greer, professor of neurology at Yale's School of Medicine, says that is not an appropriate term in this case. \"She is legally dead,\" he explained. \"They are simply ventilating a body — or a corpse if you will — and putting oxygen through tissues. ... Of course, that was never the intention for these machines, just to preserve organs in this setting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept of brain death \"is not a cutting-edge area of law,\" Magnus said. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uniformlaws.org/ActSummary.aspx?title=Determination%20of%20Death%20Act\" target=\"_blank\">Uniform Law Commission\u003c/a>, the concept of brain death was first established in 1978 when it became clear \"that legal recognition only of traditional criteria — which rely on measuring cessation of respiration and circulation — would no longer suffice.\" In 1980, the Uniform Determination of Death Act, identified \"cardiorespiratory and brain death in accordance with the criteria the medical profession universally accepts.\" Brain death is specifically defined as \"irreversible cessation of all functioning of the brain, including the brain stem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over, host Dave Iverson and the Forum guests reiterated that this was a tragic case, that their hearts went out to the family, that losing a child is so difficult to accept. But the medical intervention going on is not benefiting Jahi, Magnus said. \"She's gone. She passed away. … What we need to do is focus on the family now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnus and Greer also specified the difference between someone who is \"comatose,\" or in a \"persistent vegetative state.\" Someone who is comatose is unconscious, but very much alive. Someone in a persistent vegetative state has severe brain damage and cannot interact any more. But they can breathe on their own, and they have sleep and wake cycles. This was the case with \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case\" target=\"_blank\">Terri Schiavo\u003c/a>. \"Terry Schiavo was alive,\" Magnus said. \"She had a horrible prognosis.\" He acknowledged the debate about \"who decides under those circumstances what should be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Schiavo case is \"fundamentally different,\" he said, from a patient who has passed away. In McMath's case, \"this isn't a patient with a bad prognosis, this isn't a patient who is highly unlikely to recover. This is about someone who died. And what the family is hoping for is a miracle. ... What they're hoping for is resurrection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this idea of resurrection, I found fascinating reading about McMath's case from Catholic theologians. \"Brain death is an acceptable means of determining death even from a 'pro-life' religious perspective,\" writes Beth Haile for \u003ca href=\"http://catholicmoraltheology.com/what-are-we-learning-from-the-jahi-mcmath-case/\" target=\"_blank\">Catholic Moral Theology\u003c/a>. \"Brain death criteria are acceptable according to the magisterial authority in the Roman Catholic Church.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then she addresses the question of a miracle head-on:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, God can work a miracle. But prudential medical decisions cannot be made based merely on the hope that God might choose to act miraculously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haile echoed the guests on Forum, who said the family needs more support to address their grief. From her post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>They need to grieve their daughter, not fight for an unrealistic hope of recovery. The pro-life community needs to step up to the task here and make it clear that valid determinations of death, as it appears this one is, are not “anti-life” moves made by death panels, but scientifically and morally valid ways of recognizing a great tragedy.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>To learn more about how medical professionals define brain death and to hear more about helping families cope with grief during a crisis, listen to Forum:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127165653\" params=\"color=ff6600&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true\" width=\"100%\" height='166' iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's been more than three weeks since 13-year-old Jahi McMath was declared brain dead after what appeared to be a routine tonsillectomy at Children's Hospital Oakland. In the interim, the family has battled the hospital to keep McMath's body hooked up to a ventilator while they have searched for a facility willing to accept her. Friday morning, at a hearing in Alameda Superior Court, the two sides seem to have come to an agreement that the family can possibly remove her, as long as they accept full responsibility for her.\r\n\r\nBut none of this changes the sad fact that Jahi McMath is dead, as experts patiently explained on KQED's Forum earlier this week.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17011\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/200281093-001-e1388799719694.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17011\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/200281093-001-640x649.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"649\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's been more than three weeks since 13-year-old Jahi McMath was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/12/23/new-medical-tests-ordered-for-brain-dead-oakland-girl\" target=\"_blank\">declared brain dead \u003c/a>after what appeared to be a tonsillectomy at Children's Hospital Oakland. In the interim, the family has battled the hospital to keep McMath's body hooked up to a ventilator while they have searched for a facility willing to accept her. Friday morning, at a hearing in Alameda Superior Court, the two sides seem to have come to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/03/jahi-mcmath-release/\" target=\"_blank\">an agreement\u003c/a> that the family can possibly remove her, as long as they accept full responsibility for her.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"This isn't a patient with a bad prognosis. This is about someone who died. And what the family is hoping for ... is resurrection.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But none of this changes the sad fact that Jahi McMath is dead, as experts patiently explained on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201312301000\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum\u003c/a> earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Magnus, director of Stanford's Center for Biomedical Ethics, pointed to six separate independent evaluations that have all come to the same conclusion, that McMath is \"medically dead, she is legally dead.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here we get into how language does not clarify, but instead causes confusion. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=McMath+life+support&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8\" target=\"_blank\">Too often\u003c/a>, McMath is referred to as being on \"life support.\" But David Greer, professor of neurology at Yale's School of Medicine, says that is not an appropriate term in this case. \"She is legally dead,\" he explained. \"They are simply ventilating a body — or a corpse if you will — and putting oxygen through tissues. ... Of course, that was never the intention for these machines, just to preserve organs in this setting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept of brain death \"is not a cutting-edge area of law,\" Magnus said. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uniformlaws.org/ActSummary.aspx?title=Determination%20of%20Death%20Act\" target=\"_blank\">Uniform Law Commission\u003c/a>, the concept of brain death was first established in 1978 when it became clear \"that legal recognition only of traditional criteria — which rely on measuring cessation of respiration and circulation — would no longer suffice.\" In 1980, the Uniform Determination of Death Act, identified \"cardiorespiratory and brain death in accordance with the criteria the medical profession universally accepts.\" Brain death is specifically defined as \"irreversible cessation of all functioning of the brain, including the brain stem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over, host Dave Iverson and the Forum guests reiterated that this was a tragic case, that their hearts went out to the family, that losing a child is so difficult to accept. But the medical intervention going on is not benefiting Jahi, Magnus said. \"She's gone. She passed away. … What we need to do is focus on the family now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magnus and Greer also specified the difference between someone who is \"comatose,\" or in a \"persistent vegetative state.\" Someone who is comatose is unconscious, but very much alive. Someone in a persistent vegetative state has severe brain damage and cannot interact any more. But they can breathe on their own, and they have sleep and wake cycles. This was the case with \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case\" target=\"_blank\">Terri Schiavo\u003c/a>. \"Terry Schiavo was alive,\" Magnus said. \"She had a horrible prognosis.\" He acknowledged the debate about \"who decides under those circumstances what should be done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Schiavo case is \"fundamentally different,\" he said, from a patient who has passed away. In McMath's case, \"this isn't a patient with a bad prognosis, this isn't a patient who is highly unlikely to recover. This is about someone who died. And what the family is hoping for is a miracle. ... What they're hoping for is resurrection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this idea of resurrection, I found fascinating reading about McMath's case from Catholic theologians. \"Brain death is an acceptable means of determining death even from a 'pro-life' religious perspective,\" writes Beth Haile for \u003ca href=\"http://catholicmoraltheology.com/what-are-we-learning-from-the-jahi-mcmath-case/\" target=\"_blank\">Catholic Moral Theology\u003c/a>. \"Brain death criteria are acceptable according to the magisterial authority in the Roman Catholic Church.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then she addresses the question of a miracle head-on:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, God can work a miracle. But prudential medical decisions cannot be made based merely on the hope that God might choose to act miraculously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haile echoed the guests on Forum, who said the family needs more support to address their grief. From her post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>They need to grieve their daughter, not fight for an unrealistic hope of recovery. The pro-life community needs to step up to the task here and make it clear that valid determinations of death, as it appears this one is, are not “anti-life” moves made by death panels, but scientifically and morally valid ways of recognizing a great tragedy.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>To learn more about how medical professionals define brain death and to hear more about helping families cope with grief during a crisis, listen to Forum:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127165653&visual=true&color=ff6600&auto_play=false&show_artwork=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/127165653'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call",
"headTitle": "Spare-the-Air Days: How They Make the Call | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-12592\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/IMG_4424_feature.jpg\" alt=\"Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not fog: a passing tanker is barely discernible in the Christmas Day smog surrounding Mt. Tamalpais. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is on a roll — not one to brag about, however. With at least two streaks in December, one lasting 11 days, this winter looks to shatter the record for the number of \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - STA\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/\">Spare-the-Air\u003c/a> days, the longstanding campaign by regional air quality regulators to curb particulate air pollution by restricting wood-burning. Twenty-two are already in the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about double the number of actual days so far with unhealthy air. So how do they know when to “pull the trigger” and ask us to “spare the air”? The process starts with meteorologists at the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, who look daily at the weather forecast and from that, try to handicap whether the nine-county Bay Area will exceed federal air pollution standards the following day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Art & Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a bit of an art and a bit of a science mixed together,” says Kurt Malone, senior meteorologist with the Air District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malone and his team look partly at wind and temperatures to judge whether the Environmental Protection Agency’s national standard for particulate air pollution is “likely to be exceeded” here in the Bay Area on the next day. That’s a score above 100 on the EPA’s \u003ca title=\"BAAQMD - AQI\" href=\"http://sparetheair.org/Stay-Informed/Todays-Air-Quality/Air-Quality-Index.aspx\">AQI scale\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, forecasters watch for a temperature inversion, a common wintertime condition when the air hundreds of feet up is warmer than at ground level. “The colder the surface is, the stronger the inversion is going to be,” explains Malone, and that warmer air aloft acts like a lid that locks in pollution. The \u003ca title=\"sfist - post\" href=\"http://sfist.com/2013/12/17/seriously_though_san_franciscos_air.php\">worst days\u003c/a> tend to be during strong inversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look at the strength of the nighttime inversion, which is almost two-thirds of each day during this time year,” says Malone, whose team can then compare conditions to historical data, to see how likely those conditions are to spike pollution the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We keep a running history every winter of what minimum temperatures might lead to what particulate concentration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lower pressure from the Pacific brings breezier conditions to the Bay or the ground warms up from milder temperatures, it tends to break up the inversion and allow pollution to escape into the upper atmosphere. Rain will also wash out the air. Then officials are apt to cancel the air alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But every day in meteorology can be different,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s air quality can also affect tomorrow’s, so forecasters check current air quality against the federal standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter of tiny airborne particles known as \u003ca title=\"AirNow - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.particle\">PM 2.5\u003c/a>, a reference to their size. At just a fraction the width of a human hair, particles this small are easily inhaled and can make it all the way \u003ca title=\"PNAS - PM 2.5\" href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/110/22/8756.full\">into the blood stream\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A .500 Batting Average\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air District maintains a network of 32 air quality monitors around the nine-county area. “We can see from our monitoring network what it is today and then extrapolate into the next day,” says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And how often are they right? Malone says it’s about half the time — but he hastens to add that when they’re wrong, they’re usually not far wrong. “Often times we come just under that national standard,” he says, and adds that in many of those cases, local air quality comes in under the wire because of Spare-the-Air measures taken the previous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality also tends to be patchy; it can vary widely around the region. If indications are that just one place will fall below the federal bar, air managers will declare a Spare-the-Air day for the entire region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winter alerts are triggered by entirely different concerns than in summer, when the biggest worry is a high level of ground-level ozone, an unhealthy condition driven by car exhaust and hot temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What do radio reporters do? They record sounds. Sometimes, rather strange sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science being a beat particularly rich in audible oddities (ever heard a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/07/redoubt-seismic-screams/\">volcano scream\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWkMWDSVZuQ\">tree sing?\u003c/a>), we decided to pull together a few of our favorites from 2013. To be clear, these are sounds we here at KQED Science either recorded or used in stories we produced. (And, ok, some of them aren’t sounds so much as “moments” we liked.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not telling you much about them — you can click through to the stories to read and hear more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 This \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/\">male elephant seal\u003c/a> in Ano Nuevo sounds like an old jalopy. That’s how the ladies like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/elephant-seal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#2 The times they are a changing, and, therefore, so are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/changing-foghorns/\">the foghorns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/new-vs-old-foghorn-on-san\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 An epileptic seizure,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/01/what-does-an-epileptic-seizure-sound-like/\"> translated into sound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/an-epileptic-seizure-in-sound\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#4 Some might say it’s a bad idea to stick your microphone into a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">field of burning grass\u003c/a>, but don’t tell that to Molly Samuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/prescribed-burn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#5 Speaking of close calls… here’s that time Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/\">got a little too close\u003c/a> to her subject: a mountain lion in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/close-brush-with-a-mountain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 “Hi.” Just “hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In Morse code, as heard by a billion dollar NASA spacecraft \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/11/en-route-to-jupiter-juno-sends-first-ever-video-of-earth-and-moon/\">bound for Jupiter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/1400-ham-radio-ops-say-hi-to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#7 \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/attack-of-the-killer-electrons-new-mission-searches-for-mysterious-space-particles/\">Killer electrons\u003c/a>: mysterious, satellite-trashing particles that travel at almost the speed of light. They get sped up by electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts that “sound” like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/killer-electron\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#8 This recording of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/\">a blue whale \u003c/a>– captured with an acoustic tag attached to the whale’s back – literally shook the studio when our engineer was mixing Lauren’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/blue-whale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#9 In the future, when people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">play their brains\u003c/a> like musical instruments, here’s what it might sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/neurodisco-frustrated-state\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#10 When Scientists Get Excited… \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/airborne-lasers-yield-better-measure-of-californias-water-supply/\">so do radio reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/woohoo\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What do radio reporters do? They record sounds. Sometimes, rather strange sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science being a beat particularly rich in audible oddities (ever heard a \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/07/redoubt-seismic-screams/\">volcano scream\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWkMWDSVZuQ\">tree sing?\u003c/a>), we decided to pull together a few of our favorites from 2013. To be clear, these are sounds we here at KQED Science either recorded or used in stories we produced. (And, ok, some of them aren’t sounds so much as “moments” we liked.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not telling you much about them — you can click through to the stories to read and hear more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#1 This \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/on-the-elephant-seal-dating-scene-its-all-about-bravado/\">male elephant seal\u003c/a> in Ano Nuevo sounds like an old jalopy. That’s how the ladies like it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/elephant-seal\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#2 The times they are a changing, and, therefore, so are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/changing-foghorns/\">the foghorns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/new-vs-old-foghorn-on-san\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#3 An epileptic seizure,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/01/what-does-an-epileptic-seizure-sound-like/\"> translated into sound\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/an-epileptic-seizure-in-sound\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#4 Some might say it’s a bad idea to stick your microphone into a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">field of burning grass\u003c/a>, but don’t tell that to Molly Samuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/prescribed-burn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#5 Speaking of close calls… here’s that time Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/road-kill-or-road-crossing-california-slow-to-protect-wildlife/\">got a little too close\u003c/a> to her subject: a mountain lion in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/close-brush-with-a-mountain\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#6 “Hi.” Just “hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In Morse code, as heard by a billion dollar NASA spacecraft \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/11/en-route-to-jupiter-juno-sends-first-ever-video-of-earth-and-moon/\">bound for Jupiter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/1400-ham-radio-ops-say-hi-to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#7 \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/attack-of-the-killer-electrons-new-mission-searches-for-mysterious-space-particles/\">Killer electrons\u003c/a>: mysterious, satellite-trashing particles that travel at almost the speed of light. They get sped up by electromagnetic waves in the Earth’s radiation belts that “sound” like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/killer-electron\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#8 This recording of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/navy-training-raises-new-concerns-for-whales-off-california-coast/\">a blue whale \u003c/a>– captured with an acoustic tag attached to the whale’s back – literally shook the studio when our engineer was mixing Lauren’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/blue-whale\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#9 In the future, when people \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/how-to-fly-a-model-helicopter-with-your-brain-and-other-adventures-in-eeg-gaming/\">play their brains\u003c/a> like musical instruments, here’s what it might sound like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/amystanden-1/neurodisco-frustrated-state\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>#10 When Scientists Get Excited… \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/airborne-lasers-yield-better-measure-of-californias-water-supply/\">so do radio reporters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://soundcloud.com/mollysamuel/woohoo\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Our Top Science Stories from 2013",
"headTitle": "Our Top Science Stories from 2013 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>From the debut of the world’s largest solar plant to Comet ISON, zombified bees to the physics of sailing — it’s been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here’s a round-up of our top 10 stories (based on page views) that you’ve enjoyed in 2013. Please let us know what other stories you’ve enjoyed in the comments section below and if there’s anything you’d like to see in the coming season!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As World’s Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"5477,5479,5480,5478,5482,5481,5484\" width=\"640\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After controversy over a threatened species delayed several large solar projects, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/zombees-flight-of-the-living-dead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZomBees: Flight of the Living Dead\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something strange and unsettling is happening to Bay Area honeybees. Entomologists at San Francisco State University have identified the culprit: a tiny parasitic fly is causing the bees to exhibit bizarre nocturnal behaviors before suffering a gruesome demise. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/zombees-flight-of-the-living-dead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Silicon Valley Goes to Space\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=KS101_svspace.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F11%2F703_KQEDSci_Space_JRoy_Masten_14044207_2.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=KS101_svspace.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F11%2F703_KQEDSci_Space_JRoy_Masten_14044207_2.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial space ventures are taking off and opening up space like never before. With its culture of risk and game-changing startups, Silicon Valley is playing a starring role in many of these new space companies. But risks and costs emerge with the increasing privatization of space. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Could Rooftop Solar Kill Utilities? California Grapples with Solar’s Success\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2790 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\" alt=\"As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As increasing numbers of Californians generate their own electricity, they rely less on electric utilities. That’s raising major questions about the future of California’s utilities. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8511 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America’s Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It isn’t magic; it’s just physics. And it’s an idea as simple as rocket science, which in this case really breaks down to what you learned from riding a bike. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Comet ISON: Comet of the Century or Fanciful Fluff?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7956\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7956 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\" alt=\"Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\" width=\"630\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A comet named ISON has been hailed as a possible “comet of the century.” But scientists aren’t sure yet if it will survive a hairpin turn around the sun. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Garcinia Cambogia: The Fastest Fat-Buster or Another Fad Diet?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11529\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11529 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"garcinia cambogia fruit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garcinia cambogia fruit, photograph courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.JPG\">Vssun\u003c/a> via Wikimedia Commons.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Garcinia cambogia has been called the ”newest, fastest fat-buster” and a “magic ingredient that lets you lose weight without diet or exercise,” but scientific research questions its effectiveness. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Birders Flock to See Blue-Footed Boobies\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9087\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9087 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\" alt=\"A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It's the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It’s the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue-footed boobies are most commonly seen down in the Gulf of California or the Galapagos, but this week they’ve been flooding the Southern California coast, and making their way up north, where very few have come before. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Tarantulas Are on the Move During Mating Season\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9837 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\" alt=\"Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Male California tarantulas are now roaming through the Bay Area looking for love. Find out more about where you can see them, what they’re doing and what dangers they face from naturalist Sharol Nelson-Embry. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">It’s Official: Toxic Flame Retardants No Longer Required in Furniture\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11324\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11324 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\" alt=\"Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don't contain flame retardant chemicals. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California overturns a nearly 40-year-old law that made your sofa potentially menacing. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From the debut of the world's largest solar plant to Comet ISON, zombified bees to the physics of sailing — it's been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here's a round-up of our top 10 stories (based on page views) that you've enjoyed in 2013.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From the debut of the world’s largest solar plant to Comet ISON, zombified bees to the physics of sailing — it’s been another year of diverse storytelling from the KQED Science team. Here’s a round-up of our top 10 stories (based on page views) that you’ve enjoyed in 2013. Please let us know what other stories you’ve enjoyed in the comments section below and if there’s anything you’d like to see in the coming season!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">As World’s Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After controversy over a threatened species delayed several large solar projects, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/zombees-flight-of-the-living-dead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZomBees: Flight of the Living Dead\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS405_zombees.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fblogs.dir%2F48%2Ffiles%2F2013%2F10%2FZombees-side-640x360.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.kqed.org%2Fscience%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something strange and unsettling is happening to Bay Area honeybees. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial space ventures are taking off and opening up space like never before. With its culture of risk and game-changing startups, Silicon Valley is playing a starring role in many of these new space companies. But risks and costs emerge with the increasing privatization of space. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Could Rooftop Solar Kill Utilities? California Grapples with Solar’s Success\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_2790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2790 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/05/NetMetering.jpg\" alt=\"As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As rooftop solar power grows, the electric utility business model could change. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As increasing numbers of Californians generate their own electricity, they rely less on electric utilities. That’s raising major questions about the future of California’s utilities. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/could-rooftop-solar-kill-utilities-california-grapples-with-solars-success-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8511 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America’s Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It isn’t magic; it’s just physics. And it’s an idea as simple as rocket science, which in this case really breaks down to what you learned from riding a bike. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/11/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Comet ISON: Comet of the Century or Fanciful Fluff?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7956\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7956 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/cometISON-hst-april2013.jpg\" alt=\"Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\" width=\"630\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hubble Space Telescope Image of Comet ISON, April 2013\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A comet named ISON has been hailed as a possible “comet of the century.” But scientists aren’t sure yet if it will survive a hairpin turn around the sun. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/06/comet-ison-comet-of-the-century-or-fanciful-fluff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Garcinia Cambogia: The Fastest Fat-Buster or Another Fad Diet?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11529\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11529 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/GarciniaGummi-Gutta_wikimedia_Vssun_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"garcinia cambogia fruit\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Garcinia cambogia fruit, photograph courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF.JPG\">Vssun\u003c/a> via Wikimedia Commons.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Garcinia cambogia has been called the ”newest, fastest fat-buster” and a “magic ingredient that lets you lose weight without diet or exercise,” but scientific research questions its effectiveness. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/12/02/garcinia-cambogia-the-fastest-fat-buster-or-another-fad-diet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Birders Flock to See Blue-Footed Boobies\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9087\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9087 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/bluefootedbooby.jpg\" alt=\"A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It's the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A blue-footed booby fails to blend in with the pelicans and cormorants at Año Nuevo State Park earlier this week. It’s the brown and white bird at the lower left. (Photo: Jennifer Rycenga)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Blue-footed boobies are most commonly seen down in the Gulf of California or the Galapagos, but this week they’ve been flooding the Southern California coast, and making their way up north, where very few have come before. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/19/birders-flock-to-see-blue-footed-boobies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Tarantulas Are on the Move During Mating Season\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9837 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/10/dussau-holds-tarantula-e1381367430751.jpg\" alt=\"Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wandering male tarantulas go searching for females in the fall, never to return home again. Photo by Robert Kanagaki, EBRPD\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Male California tarantulas are now roaming through the Bay Area looking for love. Find out more about where you can see them, what they’re doing and what dangers they face from naturalist Sharol Nelson-Embry. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/10/11/californas-tarantulas-are-on-the-move-during-mating-season/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">It’s Official: Toxic Flame Retardants No Longer Required in Furniture\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11324\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11324 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/11/sofa.jpg\" alt=\"Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don't contain flame retardant chemicals. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Starting next year, shoppers will be able to buy sofas that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California overturns a nearly 40-year-old law that made your sofa potentially menacing. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Click to \"Like\" My Genome: Part Two",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/healthrisks.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/healthrisks.jpeg\" alt=\"Click image to enlarge. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of my test results from the 23andme.com website. Click image to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/12/click-to-like-my-genome-home-genetic-testing-goes-social/\">In my last post,\u003c/a> I wrote about my decision to test my DNA by sending a saliva sample to the popular personal genomics company \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a>. I had just received my results and was eager to spend some private time with my DNA. There are two basic areas of 23andMe to explore: health and ancestry — at least there used to be. Last month, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=247220418\">FDA ordered the Silicon Valley company to shut down its genetics service\u003c/a>, declaring it was making marketing claims beyond what is legal. Now consumers buying the test will get their raw genetic data and ancestry information but — unlike my results — none of the meaty stuff, like disease risk, individual health traits or drug interaction possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I had signed up for the new, paltrier 23andMe service, I would not have learned that I have a slightly elevated risk for 22 diseases, including immune disorders like Crohn’s and Lupus. I wouldn’t have found out that I am a fast metabolizer of caffeine, have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&term=19228618\">sensitivity to the anticoagulant Coumadin,\u003c/a> am resistant to the stomach flu, am likely lactose-intolerant, and that my \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&term=17984066\">IQ was likely raised 5-7 points because I was breast-fed.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This genetics information was my entree into a community of 23andMe’ers who share some of my findings. For example, one click on the Crohn’s Community tab and I found several dozen members discussing their shared risk for the disease and raising questions such as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>…What if those of us with Crohn’s could sequence our gut bacterial colonies? …Would this be something others here might consider?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in response, another user got to the heart of the personalized testing philosophy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I think between my 23 and me and \u003ca href=\"http://ubiome.com/\">uBiome testing\u003c/a> it will give me a lot more data to work with in actively managing my health care.\u003c/em>\u003cem> I may have to be pushy about it though. My old Doc was excited to have somebody that wasn’t a passive consumer of doctor services and instead researched and discussed data and courses of action in managing health care. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of forums on 23andMe, each buzzing about shared traits, mutations and tendencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kvetching was often quite sophisticated:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Is there an identifier for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dysphonia.org/\">\u003cem>Spasmodic Dysphonia\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (vocal cords) or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.blepharospasm.org/\">\u003cem>Blepharospasms\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (eyelids)?\u003c/em>\u003cem> I have Spasmodic Dysphonia and my mother and older sister have blepharospasms…\u003c/em> \u003cem>How do I find out if my children have this gene?\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing new about people getting together to compare notes about their health. We all look to those around us to determine whether we’re OK — whether whatever symptom we might have is normal. I realized these forums were, at least in part, support groups. But many of these people – who spanned age, gender, race, and location — were connecting based on extremely specific health concerns for which they often had no symptoms. \u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, people were striving to connect the dots of their health, and maybe to find some comfort from people whose genetic makeup was similar to their own. I wondered if these nests of speculation were where a genetic counselor might fit in, particularly for those who were sick. Would some of these people seek medical treatment based on some combination of 23andMe’s reports and their conversations in its forums? The U.S. government is asking the same questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA challenge may hurt the personal genetics industry in the short run. No traits, no health risks — no fun. But the company is still allowed to show ancestry results. In fact, there was a message glowing green in my 23andMe Inbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>A relative would like to make contact with you.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Through our shared DNA, 23andMe has identified us as relatives. Our predicted relationship is 5th Cousin, with a likely range of 3rd to Distant Cousin. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thank you for your time and I hope you’ll be interested in sharing genomes!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Arwen-working.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Arwen-working.jpg\" alt=\"Arwen working-scaled\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With a click, I decide whether to “share genomes” with distant cousins around the world. Photo: Joshua Cassidy / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So. If I were to “share genomes” with this relative, a heredity buff of Norwegian descent whose pedigree, he went on to say, was posted elsewhere online — what exactly would that mean? What exactly would I be sharing – my entire results or just select information? How would this be similar to friending a distant acquaintance on Facebook, and how would it be different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I clicked on a tab that produced a shocking list of 972 distant cousins, ranked by their genetic proximity to me via maternal \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype\">haplotype\u003c/a>. Depending on how much personal information these cousins of mine had submitted to the site, I could see their birthdates, places of origin and residence, names and sometimes photos. They were young women, old men and everyone in between. If I chose, I could expand my family by nearly a thousand with a few clicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shown as colored dots on a map of the world, the multitude of my relations was even more impressive. I found familial hotspots in New England, old England and Ireland, Central and Eastern Europe, Sicily, Scandinavia, North Africa, even a few odd cousins scattered in the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of us are really that far apart, genetically, and the map offered a glimpse of the movement of people across the world. The more people who joined 23andMe and shared their genomes, the more comprehensive a picture we could form of a global family tree. A day might come when I would know precisely how related I was to, for example — you. As I explored 23andMe, I enjoyed reading what other people thought about their ancestry and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it might sound selfish when I say I still didn’t want to become friends with them, much less relatives. Our kinship was about our fascination with and curiosity about our own bodies and roots, not really about each other. Here we all were, gathered to celebrate the miracle of this new kind of self-awareness we’d purchased for only $99. But increasingly, I’ve found that I share in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=23andme-is-terrifying-but-not-for-reasons-fda\">concerns about giving away my most personal information\u003c/a> to a private company based mostly on the assumption of its benevolence, a la Google, and that I didn’t want to share my genes with my new online brethren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, as the company continues to negotiate with the FDA behind the scenes over the rights to market its genetic health data, I realized that at least for a brief time, I’m one of a select group that can still log in and peruse my genetic health risks and traits online. But if I have access to the 23andMe’s studies and predictions, shouldn’t everyone? I suspect that snatching away access to this data has only fanned the flames of our curiosity. In this context, 23andMe’s results feel less like a diversion and more like something we have a right to explore.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/healthrisks.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12154\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/12/healthrisks.jpeg\" alt=\"Click image to enlarge. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of my test results from the 23andme.com website. Click image to enlarge.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/12/click-to-like-my-genome-home-genetic-testing-goes-social/\">In my last post,\u003c/a> I wrote about my decision to test my DNA by sending a saliva sample to the popular personal genomics company \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a>. I had just received my results and was eager to spend some private time with my DNA. There are two basic areas of 23andMe to explore: health and ancestry — at least there used to be. Last month, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=247220418\">FDA ordered the Silicon Valley company to shut down its genetics service\u003c/a>, declaring it was making marketing claims beyond what is legal. Now consumers buying the test will get their raw genetic data and ancestry information but — unlike my results — none of the meaty stuff, like disease risk, individual health traits or drug interaction possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I had signed up for the new, paltrier 23andMe service, I would not have learned that I have a slightly elevated risk for 22 diseases, including immune disorders like Crohn’s and Lupus. I wouldn’t have found out that I am a fast metabolizer of caffeine, have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&term=19228618\">sensitivity to the anticoagulant Coumadin,\u003c/a> am resistant to the stomach flu, am likely lactose-intolerant, and that my \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&term=17984066\">IQ was likely raised 5-7 points because I was breast-fed.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This genetics information was my entree into a community of 23andMe’ers who share some of my findings. For example, one click on the Crohn’s Community tab and I found several dozen members discussing their shared risk for the disease and raising questions such as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>…What if those of us with Crohn’s could sequence our gut bacterial colonies? …Would this be something others here might consider?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in response, another user got to the heart of the personalized testing philosophy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I think between my 23 and me and \u003ca href=\"http://ubiome.com/\">uBiome testing\u003c/a> it will give me a lot more data to work with in actively managing my health care.\u003c/em>\u003cem> I may have to be pushy about it though. My old Doc was excited to have somebody that wasn’t a passive consumer of doctor services and instead researched and discussed data and courses of action in managing health care. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are hundreds of forums on 23andMe, each buzzing about shared traits, mutations and tendencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kvetching was often quite sophisticated:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Is there an identifier for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dysphonia.org/\">\u003cem>Spasmodic Dysphonia\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (vocal cords) or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.blepharospasm.org/\">\u003cem>Blepharospasms\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> (eyelids)?\u003c/em>\u003cem> I have Spasmodic Dysphonia and my mother and older sister have blepharospasms…\u003c/em> \u003cem>How do I find out if my children have this gene?\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing new about people getting together to compare notes about their health. We all look to those around us to determine whether we’re OK — whether whatever symptom we might have is normal. I realized these forums were, at least in part, support groups. But many of these people – who spanned age, gender, race, and location — were connecting based on extremely specific health concerns for which they often had no symptoms. \u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, people were striving to connect the dots of their health, and maybe to find some comfort from people whose genetic makeup was similar to their own. I wondered if these nests of speculation were where a genetic counselor might fit in, particularly for those who were sick. Would some of these people seek medical treatment based on some combination of 23andMe’s reports and their conversations in its forums? The U.S. government is asking the same questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA challenge may hurt the personal genetics industry in the short run. No traits, no health risks — no fun. But the company is still allowed to show ancestry results. In fact, there was a message glowing green in my 23andMe Inbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003cem>A relative would like to make contact with you.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Through our shared DNA, 23andMe has identified us as relatives. Our predicted relationship is 5th Cousin, with a likely range of 3rd to Distant Cousin. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thank you for your time and I hope you’ll be interested in sharing genomes!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4466\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Arwen-working.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4466 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Arwen-working.jpg\" alt=\"Arwen working-scaled\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With a click, I decide whether to “share genomes” with distant cousins around the world. Photo: Joshua Cassidy / KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So. If I were to “share genomes” with this relative, a heredity buff of Norwegian descent whose pedigree, he went on to say, was posted elsewhere online — what exactly would that mean? What exactly would I be sharing – my entire results or just select information? How would this be similar to friending a distant acquaintance on Facebook, and how would it be different?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I clicked on a tab that produced a shocking list of 972 distant cousins, ranked by their genetic proximity to me via maternal \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype\">haplotype\u003c/a>. Depending on how much personal information these cousins of mine had submitted to the site, I could see their birthdates, places of origin and residence, names and sometimes photos. They were young women, old men and everyone in between. If I chose, I could expand my family by nearly a thousand with a few clicks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shown as colored dots on a map of the world, the multitude of my relations was even more impressive. I found familial hotspots in New England, old England and Ireland, Central and Eastern Europe, Sicily, Scandinavia, North Africa, even a few odd cousins scattered in the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of us are really that far apart, genetically, and the map offered a glimpse of the movement of people across the world. The more people who joined 23andMe and shared their genomes, the more comprehensive a picture we could form of a global family tree. A day might come when I would know precisely how related I was to, for example — you. As I explored 23andMe, I enjoyed reading what other people thought about their ancestry and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it might sound selfish when I say I still didn’t want to become friends with them, much less relatives. Our kinship was about our fascination with and curiosity about our own bodies and roots, not really about each other. Here we all were, gathered to celebrate the miracle of this new kind of self-awareness we’d purchased for only $99. But increasingly, I’ve found that I share in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=23andme-is-terrifying-but-not-for-reasons-fda\">concerns about giving away my most personal information\u003c/a> to a private company based mostly on the assumption of its benevolence, a la Google, and that I didn’t want to share my genes with my new online brethren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, as the company continues to negotiate with the FDA behind the scenes over the rights to market its genetic health data, I realized that at least for a brief time, I’m one of a select group that can still log in and peruse my genetic health risks and traits online. But if I have access to the 23andMe’s studies and predictions, shouldn’t everyone? I suspect that snatching away access to this data has only fanned the flames of our curiosity. In this context, 23andMe’s results feel less like a diversion and more like something we have a right to explore.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
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