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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-22048\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-640x498.jpg\" alt=\"(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\" width=\"640\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Fri. January 30:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health says that the patient with suspected Ebola infection has tested negative for the virus. CDPH reminds everyone that there are no confirmed Ebola cases in California \"and no threat to the general public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient suspected of being infected with the Ebola virus was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento Thursday morning, the hospital said\u003ca title=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" href=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" target=\"_blank\"> in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have no other details about the patient at this time -- except that the patient was transferred from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. All five UC medical centers were \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" target=\"_blank\">designated Ebola treatment centers\u003c/a> by the California Department of Public Health last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the full statement from UC Davis Medical Center:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A patient with symptoms consistent with Ebola infection was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center Thursday morning from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. UC Davis, identified by the California Department of Public Health as a priority hospital to treat confirmed Ebola patients, is fully prepared to safely assess and treat the patient if necessary in accordance with guidelines established by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The hospital is coordinating its response with the Sacramento County Department of Public Health. Measures put in place to protect the health and safety of hospital workers and patients include extensive training on proper use of personal protective equipment and the establishment of a dedicated isolation room for treatment of suspected and confirmed Ebola patients. UC Davis Medical Center remains open and is continuing to operate as normal.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-22048\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-640x498.jpg\" alt=\"(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\" width=\"640\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Fri. January 30:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health says that the patient with suspected Ebola infection has tested negative for the virus. CDPH reminds everyone that there are no confirmed Ebola cases in California \"and no threat to the general public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient suspected of being infected with the Ebola virus was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento Thursday morning, the hospital said\u003ca title=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" href=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" target=\"_blank\"> in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have no other details about the patient at this time -- except that the patient was transferred from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. All five UC medical centers were \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" target=\"_blank\">designated Ebola treatment centers\u003c/a> by the California Department of Public Health last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Not Vaccinated? 'Stay Home from School,' Says Marin Dad of Leukemia Patient",
"title": "Not Vaccinated? 'Stay Home from School,' Says Marin Dad of Leukemia Patient",
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"content": "\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has watched his son, Rhett, now 6, fight leukemia for the last 4½ years. For more than three of those years, Rhett has undergone round after round of chemotherapy. Last year, he finished chemotherapy, and doctors say he is in remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Do you want to help the family of a child with cancer? Make sure your own children are vaccinated, doctor says.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, there's a new threat: measles. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">An outbreak tied to Disneyland has grown from 9\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">73 cases \u003c/a>in just two and a half weeks. Public health officials fear it will spread further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett cannot be vaccinated, because his immune system is still rebuilding. It may be months more before his body is healthy enough to get all his immunizations. Until then, he depends on everyone around him for protection -- or what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rhett lives in Marin, a county with the \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">dubious honor of having the highest rate of \"personal belief exemptions\"\u003c/a> (PBE) in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. This school year, 6.45 percent of Marin's kindergarteners have a PBE, which allows parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated against communicable diseases like measles, polio, whooping cough and more. The statewide average is 2.50 percent.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has just about had enough. \"It's very emotional for me,\" he said. \"If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that's your responsibility, that's your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies, then … your action has harmed my child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt is taking action of his own. His son attends Reed Elementary in Tiburon, a school with a 7 percent PBE rate, nearly triple the statewide average. Krawitt had previously worked with the school nurse to make sure that all the children in his son's class were fully vaccinated. He said the school was very helpful and accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Now Krawitt and his wife, Jodi, have emailed the district's superintendent, requesting that the district \"require immunization as a condition of attendance, with the only exception being those who cannot medically be vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt provided me with Superintendent Steven Herzog's response. Herzog didn't directly address their query, instead saying: \"\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">We are monitoring the situation closely and will take whatever actions necessary to ensure the safety of our students.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, response to health emergencies rests with county health officers. During the current measles outbreak, we've already seen that unvaccinated students at Huntington Beach High School in Orange County \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">were ordered to stay \u003c/a>out of school for three weeks after a student there contracted measles. It's a way to contain an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those steps were taken in the face a confirmed case at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I called Marin County health officer Matt Willis to see what he thought of keeping unvaccinated kids out of school even if there were no confirmed cases, he sounded intrigued. \"This is partly a legal question,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was open to the idea and said he was going to check with the state to see what precedent there was to take such an action. Right now, there are no cases of measles anywhere in Marin and no suspected cases either. Still, \"if the outbreak progresses and we start seeing more and more cases,\" Willis said, \"then this is a step we might want to consider' -- requiring unvaccinated children to stay home, even without confirmed cases at a specific school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188229275\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett has been treated at UCSF, and his oncologist there, Dr. Robert Goldsby, said that Rhett is likely at higher risk of complications if he were to get measles. \"When your immune system isn't working as well, it allows many different infections to be worse,\" he said. \"It's not just Rhett. There are hundreds of other kids in the Bay Area that are going through cancer therapy, and it's not fair to them. They can't get immunized, they have to rely on their friends and colleagues and community to help protect them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23648\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-23648\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goldsby pointed to the number of people who, when facing a friend or family member who receives a challenging diagnosis, will immediately ask how they can help. \"Many families will say, 'What can I do to help? What can I do to help?'\" he said, repeating it for emphasis. \"One of the main things they can do is make sure their [own] kids are vaccinated to protect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt has been speaking up about vaccination for a long time now. He told me about going to a parent meeting at his daughter's school just before the start of the school year, where a staff member reminded parents not to send peanut products to school, since a child or children had an allergy. \"It's really important your kids don't bring peanuts, because kids can die,\" Krawitt recalls the group being told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony was not lost on him. He told me he immediately responded, \"In the interest of the health and safety of our children, can we have the assurance that all the kids at our school are immunized?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out later from a friend that other parents who were present were \"mad that you asked the question, because they don't immunize their kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://vimeo.com/118290318\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has watched his son, Rhett, now 6, fight leukemia for the last 4½ years. For more than three of those years, Rhett has undergone round after round of chemotherapy. Last year, he finished chemotherapy, and doctors say he is in remission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Do you want to help the family of a child with cancer? Make sure your own children are vaccinated, doctor says.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now, there's a new threat: measles. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">An outbreak tied to Disneyland has grown from 9\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">73 cases \u003c/a>in just two and a half weeks. Public health officials fear it will spread further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett cannot be vaccinated, because his immune system is still rebuilding. It may be months more before his body is healthy enough to get all his immunizations. Until then, he depends on everyone around him for protection -- or what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rhett lives in Marin, a county with the \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">dubious honor of having the highest rate of \"personal belief exemptions\"\u003c/a> (PBE) in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. This school year, 6.45 percent of Marin's kindergarteners have a PBE, which allows parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated against communicable diseases like measles, polio, whooping cough and more. The statewide average is 2.50 percent.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt has just about had enough. \"It's very emotional for me,\" he said. \"If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that's your responsibility, that's your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies, then … your action has harmed my child.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt is taking action of his own. His son attends Reed Elementary in Tiburon, a school with a 7 percent PBE rate, nearly triple the statewide average. Krawitt had previously worked with the school nurse to make sure that all the children in his son's class were fully vaccinated. He said the school was very helpful and accommodating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Now Krawitt and his wife, Jodi, have emailed the district's superintendent, requesting that the district \"require immunization as a condition of attendance, with the only exception being those who cannot medically be vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt provided me with Superintendent Steven Herzog's response. Herzog didn't directly address their query, instead saying: \"\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">We are monitoring the situation closely and will take whatever actions necessary to ensure the safety of our students.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Typically, response to health emergencies rests with county health officers. During the current measles outbreak, we've already seen that unvaccinated students at Huntington Beach High School in Orange County \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-students-exposed-to-measles-oc-20150120-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">were ordered to stay \u003c/a>out of school for three weeks after a student there contracted measles. It's a way to contain an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those steps were taken in the face a confirmed case at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I called Marin County health officer Matt Willis to see what he thought of keeping unvaccinated kids out of school even if there were no confirmed cases, he sounded intrigued. \"This is partly a legal question,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he was open to the idea and said he was going to check with the state to see what precedent there was to take such an action. Right now, there are no cases of measles anywhere in Marin and no suspected cases either. Still, \"if the outbreak progresses and we start seeing more and more cases,\" Willis said, \"then this is a step we might want to consider' -- requiring unvaccinated children to stay home, even without confirmed cases at a specific school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188229275&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/188229275'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhett has been treated at UCSF, and his oncologist there, Dr. Robert Goldsby, said that Rhett is likely at higher risk of complications if he were to get measles. \"When your immune system isn't working as well, it allows many different infections to be worse,\" he said. \"It's not just Rhett. There are hundreds of other kids in the Bay Area that are going through cancer therapy, and it's not fair to them. They can't get immunized, they have to rely on their friends and colleagues and community to help protect them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23648\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-23648\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/pre-op-helping-doctors-12-6-10-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rhett Krawitt, just weeks after starting chemotherapy, in 2010. (Courtesy: Carl Krawitt)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Goldsby pointed to the number of people who, when facing a friend or family member who receives a challenging diagnosis, will immediately ask how they can help. \"Many families will say, 'What can I do to help? What can I do to help?'\" he said, repeating it for emphasis. \"One of the main things they can do is make sure their [own] kids are vaccinated to protect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krawitt has been speaking up about vaccination for a long time now. He told me about going to a parent meeting at his daughter's school just before the start of the school year, where a staff member reminded parents not to send peanut products to school, since a child or children had an allergy. \"It's really important your kids don't bring peanuts, because kids can die,\" Krawitt recalls the group being told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony was not lost on him. He told me he immediately responded, \"In the interest of the health and safety of our children, can we have the assurance that all the kids at our school are immunized?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out later from a friend that other parents who were present were \"mad that you asked the question, because they don't immunize their kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Amnio Alternative: Blood Test Gives Women New Option for Prenatal Screening",
"title": "Amnio Alternative: Blood Test Gives Women New Option for Prenatal Screening",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/iStock_000004049788_Medium-e1422298804406.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23619\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/iStock_000004049788_Medium-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Ultrasound is often used for prenatal screening. It's just one of several prenatal screenings available to pregnant women. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ultrasound is often used for prenatal screening. It's just one of several prenatal screenings available to pregnant women. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nell Greenfield-Boyce,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/26/368449371/dna-blood-test-gives-women-a-new-option-for-prenatal-screening\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/26/368449371/dna-blood-test-gives-women-a-new-option-for-prenatal-screening\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Amy Seitz got pregnant with her second child last year, she knew that being 35 years old meant there was an increased chance of chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome. She wanted to be screened, and she knew just what kind of screening she wanted — a test that's so new, some women and doctors don't quite realize what they've signed up for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of test , called \u003ca title=\"http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Genetics/Noninvasive-Prenatal-Testing-for-Fetal-Aneuploidy\" href=\"http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Genetics/Noninvasive-Prenatal-Testing-for-Fetal-Aneuploidy\" target=\"_blank\">cell free fetal DNA testing\u003c/a>, uses a simple blood sample from an expectant mother to analyze bits of fetal DNA that have leaked into her bloodstream. It's only been on the market since October 2011 and is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration — the FDA does not regulate this type of genetic testing service. Several companies now offer the test, including Sequenom and Illumina. Insurance coverage varies, and doctors often only offer this testing to women at higher risk because of things like advanced maternal age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that I initially heard about it through family and friends,\" says Seitz. \"They had had the option of it given to them by their doctors.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To her, it sounded great. She didn't want an invasive procedure like \u003ca title=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003921.htm\" href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003921.htm\" target=\"_blank\">amniocentesis\u003c/a> or \u003ca title=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003406.htm\" href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003406.htm\" target=\"_blank\">chorionic villus sampling\u003c/a> (CVS). Those are considered the gold standard for prenatal genetic testing, but doctors must put a needle into the womb to collect cells that contain fetal DNA, which means a small risk of miscarriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wasn't interested in going as far as getting an amniocentesis because of the risk associated with that,\" she explains, \"and so when I heard about this test, that was part of the reason that I was most interested in it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Huge Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new way of testing fetal DNA seemed to have already become fairly common where Seitz used to live, in Washington, D.C. But she had recently moved to Alabama, and the clinic she went to there wasn't as familiar with it — although when she talked to her doctor, she learned they'd just had a visit from a company's sales representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it was a fairly new test for them at that point, but she was interested in pursuing it further to see what needed to be done,\" Seitz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz got her blood drawn last July, becoming one of hundreds of thousands of pregnant women who've opted for this new kind of test instead of the more traditional, invasive ones. Doctors say the impact has been huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those of us in the field who do diagnostic procedures like CVS and amnio have seen a drastic decrease in the number of those procedures that are being performed,\" says Dr. Mary Norton, an expert on maternal-fetal medicine and genetics at the U.C. San Francisco. \"Places are reporting doing fewer than half the number of procedures that were being done previously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she says, things have changed so quickly that it may be hard for doctors and patients to know what they're dealing with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's still new and it's quite different than previous genetic testing that's been available,\" says Norton. \"It's quite a different paradigm, if you will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An invasive test like amniocentesis or CVS lets doctors get a complete picture of the chromosomes and a solid diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the new testing technology came along, the only less invasive option was for an expectant mother to get an \u003ca title=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ultrasound.html\" href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ultrasound.html\" target=\"_blank\">ultrasound,\u003c/a> plus have her blood tested for specific proteins. This can reveal if there's an increased risk of certain disorders, but it's not very accurate and produces a lot of false alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Less Invasive, But Beware of Limitations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1311037\" href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1311037\" target=\"_blank\"> Studies\u003c/a> have shown that the new fetal DNA tests do a better job, says Norton. They're less likely to flag a normal pregnancy as high risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're much more accurate than current screening tests, but they are not diagnostic tests in the sense that amniocentesis is,\" says Norton, \"and so I think that has led to some confusion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the newer blood tests do look at fetal DNA, they can't give a definitive answer like an amniocentesis can because they're analyzing scraps of fetal DNA in the mother's blood that are all mixed up with her own DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norton says when women get worrisome results from one of these new tests and are referred to her center, they sometimes don't understand why doctors are offering a follow-up amnio \"because they were under the impression that this was as good as an amnio.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is concerned that some people might end a pregnancy without getting confirmatory testing, and points to\u003ca title=\"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2814%2900818-7/abstract\" href=\"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2814%2900818-7/abstract\" target=\"_blank\"> one study \u003c/a>last year that found a small number of women did that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's at least some evidence that it's happening to a greater degree than I think many of us are comfortable with,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests are being used more and more widely. Some worry that the companies' websites and marketing materials don't make the limitations clear enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Lee Shulman doesn't see it that way. He's an obstetrician and geneticist at Northwestern University in Chicago who has consulted for a couple of the testing firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients need to understand that while this is better, it is not a diagnostic test, and I think the companies have done a great job in putting this material out,\" he says. \"Whether or not clinicians use this material and take it to heart and use it for patient counseling is a different story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the technology is so new that a lot of doctors have no experience with it, and consumers need to understand that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the patient, if the couple, are not getting the answers, not getting the information they feel comfortable with, they need to seek out prenatal diagnostic centers, maternal fetal specialists, clinical geneticists, who may have more experience,\" says Shulman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, here's one thing that might turn out to be a little more complicated than would-be parents might expect. Along with screening for the common chromosomal disorders, companies offer parents the chance to learn their baby's sex — weeks before it's clear on a sonogram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many women are very excited by the idea that as part of their blood testing, they could find out pretty definitively if the baby is a boy or a girl,\" says Dr. Diana Bianchi, an expert on prenatal diagnostics at Tufts University School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they may not realize, she says, is that the test will also determine whether there's something abnormal about the sex chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Approximately 1 in 700 pregnancies there's an extra X or extra Y,\" she says, noting that these are mild conditions that would normally go undetected, unless a woman had an invasive test like an amnio. Some babies with these conditions grow up into adulthood and never know they have them, unless they face a symptom like infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Seitz, in Alabama, thought it was a bonus that getting this new blood test would tell her if she was having a boy or a girl. But it actually didn't do that, because of a paperwork glitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The box for sex got unchecked somewhere along the way, so we weren't able to find it out from the test,\" says Seitz, who learned from an ultrasound that she was having a girl. The results she did get from the fetal DNA test were reassuring.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/iStock_000004049788_Medium-e1422298804406.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23619\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/iStock_000004049788_Medium-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Ultrasound is often used for prenatal screening. It's just one of several prenatal screenings available to pregnant women. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ultrasound is often used for prenatal screening. It's just one of several prenatal screenings available to pregnant women. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nell Greenfield-Boyce,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/26/368449371/dna-blood-test-gives-women-a-new-option-for-prenatal-screening\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/26/368449371/dna-blood-test-gives-women-a-new-option-for-prenatal-screening\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Amy Seitz got pregnant with her second child last year, she knew that being 35 years old meant there was an increased chance of chromosomal disorders like Down syndrome. She wanted to be screened, and she knew just what kind of screening she wanted — a test that's so new, some women and doctors don't quite realize what they've signed up for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of test , called \u003ca title=\"http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Genetics/Noninvasive-Prenatal-Testing-for-Fetal-Aneuploidy\" href=\"http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Genetics/Noninvasive-Prenatal-Testing-for-Fetal-Aneuploidy\" target=\"_blank\">cell free fetal DNA testing\u003c/a>, uses a simple blood sample from an expectant mother to analyze bits of fetal DNA that have leaked into her bloodstream. It's only been on the market since October 2011 and is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration — the FDA does not regulate this type of genetic testing service. Several companies now offer the test, including Sequenom and Illumina. Insurance coverage varies, and doctors often only offer this testing to women at higher risk because of things like advanced maternal age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that I initially heard about it through family and friends,\" says Seitz. \"They had had the option of it given to them by their doctors.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To her, it sounded great. She didn't want an invasive procedure like \u003ca title=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003921.htm\" href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003921.htm\" target=\"_blank\">amniocentesis\u003c/a> or \u003ca title=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003406.htm\" href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003406.htm\" target=\"_blank\">chorionic villus sampling\u003c/a> (CVS). Those are considered the gold standard for prenatal genetic testing, but doctors must put a needle into the womb to collect cells that contain fetal DNA, which means a small risk of miscarriage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wasn't interested in going as far as getting an amniocentesis because of the risk associated with that,\" she explains, \"and so when I heard about this test, that was part of the reason that I was most interested in it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Huge Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new way of testing fetal DNA seemed to have already become fairly common where Seitz used to live, in Washington, D.C. But she had recently moved to Alabama, and the clinic she went to there wasn't as familiar with it — although when she talked to her doctor, she learned they'd just had a visit from a company's sales representative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it was a fairly new test for them at that point, but she was interested in pursuing it further to see what needed to be done,\" Seitz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz got her blood drawn last July, becoming one of hundreds of thousands of pregnant women who've opted for this new kind of test instead of the more traditional, invasive ones. Doctors say the impact has been huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those of us in the field who do diagnostic procedures like CVS and amnio have seen a drastic decrease in the number of those procedures that are being performed,\" says Dr. Mary Norton, an expert on maternal-fetal medicine and genetics at the U.C. San Francisco. \"Places are reporting doing fewer than half the number of procedures that were being done previously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she says, things have changed so quickly that it may be hard for doctors and patients to know what they're dealing with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's still new and it's quite different than previous genetic testing that's been available,\" says Norton. \"It's quite a different paradigm, if you will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An invasive test like amniocentesis or CVS lets doctors get a complete picture of the chromosomes and a solid diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the new testing technology came along, the only less invasive option was for an expectant mother to get an \u003ca title=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ultrasound.html\" href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ultrasound.html\" target=\"_blank\">ultrasound,\u003c/a> plus have her blood tested for specific proteins. This can reveal if there's an increased risk of certain disorders, but it's not very accurate and produces a lot of false alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Less Invasive, But Beware of Limitations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1311037\" href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1311037\" target=\"_blank\"> Studies\u003c/a> have shown that the new fetal DNA tests do a better job, says Norton. They're less likely to flag a normal pregnancy as high risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're much more accurate than current screening tests, but they are not diagnostic tests in the sense that amniocentesis is,\" says Norton, \"and so I think that has led to some confusion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the newer blood tests do look at fetal DNA, they can't give a definitive answer like an amniocentesis can because they're analyzing scraps of fetal DNA in the mother's blood that are all mixed up with her own DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norton says when women get worrisome results from one of these new tests and are referred to her center, they sometimes don't understand why doctors are offering a follow-up amnio \"because they were under the impression that this was as good as an amnio.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is concerned that some people might end a pregnancy without getting confirmatory testing, and points to\u003ca title=\"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2814%2900818-7/abstract\" href=\"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378%2814%2900818-7/abstract\" target=\"_blank\"> one study \u003c/a>last year that found a small number of women did that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's at least some evidence that it's happening to a greater degree than I think many of us are comfortable with,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests are being used more and more widely. Some worry that the companies' websites and marketing materials don't make the limitations clear enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Lee Shulman doesn't see it that way. He's an obstetrician and geneticist at Northwestern University in Chicago who has consulted for a couple of the testing firms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients need to understand that while this is better, it is not a diagnostic test, and I think the companies have done a great job in putting this material out,\" he says. \"Whether or not clinicians use this material and take it to heart and use it for patient counseling is a different story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the technology is so new that a lot of doctors have no experience with it, and consumers need to understand that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the patient, if the couple, are not getting the answers, not getting the information they feel comfortable with, they need to seek out prenatal diagnostic centers, maternal fetal specialists, clinical geneticists, who may have more experience,\" says Shulman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, here's one thing that might turn out to be a little more complicated than would-be parents might expect. Along with screening for the common chromosomal disorders, companies offer parents the chance to learn their baby's sex — weeks before it's clear on a sonogram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many women are very excited by the idea that as part of their blood testing, they could find out pretty definitively if the baby is a boy or a girl,\" says Dr. Diana Bianchi, an expert on prenatal diagnostics at Tufts University School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they may not realize, she says, is that the test will also determine whether there's something abnormal about the sex chromosomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Approximately 1 in 700 pregnancies there's an extra X or extra Y,\" she says, noting that these are mild conditions that would normally go undetected, unless a woman had an invasive test like an amnio. Some babies with these conditions grow up into adulthood and never know they have them, unless they face a symptom like infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Seitz, in Alabama, thought it was a bonus that getting this new blood test would tell her if she was having a boy or a girl. But it actually didn't do that, because of a paperwork glitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The box for sex got unchecked somewhere along the way, so we weren't able to find it out from the test,\" says Seitz, who learned from an ultrasound that she was having a girl. The results she did get from the fetal DNA test were reassuring.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Amanda Stupi\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of measles\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/gca?submit=Get+All+Checked+Abstracts&gca=pediatrics%3Bpeds.2014-2715v1\" target=\"_blank\">new report \u003c/a>that identified clusters of vaccine refusals in Northern California have become this week's hot topics. As such, KQED's daily talk show \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201501230900\" target=\"_blank\">Forum\u003c/a> devoted an hour to the outbreak, and opened up the phones to listeners' questions. The result: the sharing of some very good information. Here are answers to five common questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Can people who have been vaccinated against the measles still get it? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the confirmed measles cases in California, at least five are people who were fully vaccinated. Experts aren't exactly sure why this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No vaccine is 100 percent effective,\" said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chief of the division of infectious diseases at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital. The measles vaccine comes close -- it protects 99 out of 100 people, but that's \"one percent of a lot of people,\" she said.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. What are the symptoms of measles?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care practitioners often refer to measles' symptoms as \"the three C's\": cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes). High fever can also accompany these symptoms. After these symptoms are present, a rash appears on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how common coughs and runny noses are, measles can be tough to tell apart from other infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The child looks ill,\" said Maldonado. \"Some children can have these symptoms and not feel super sick, but these children are definitely not feeling well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. How is measles spread? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is airborne in \"very, very small droplets,\" said Maldonado. How small? As small as 5 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiogt.com/pe/micron.html\" target=\"_blank\">microns\u003c/a>. These droplets can take as long as two hours to drop to the ground, meaning that a classroom or a doctor's exam room where an infected child visits can remain infectious for up to two hours after that child leaves the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with measles are infectious starting four days before the rash starts -- during the time when they have cough and runny nose, similar to a cold -- and continuing for four days after it appears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/187547647&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Should I get a booster shot just to be safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are an adult and you know you did not have the second dose of the vaccine, Maldonado suggests getting a booster. If you are not sure about your vaccination history, your doctor can do a blood test to check your immunity levels. But what's easier is to go ahead and get the booster. Even if it turns out to be an extra shot, it won't hurt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people born before 1957 have probably had the disease and are immune to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Pan, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda County of Public Health\u003c/a>, says that if you received your first vaccination shot between 1963 and 1967 you may want to talk to your doctor as there have been instances of \"breakthrough infections\" in adults who received their vaccines during that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" target=\"_blank\">CDC\u003c/a> recommends children get the first of two measles vaccines between 12-15 months of age. What if my child is less than a year old? Can we still vaccinate her?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many countries with highter exposure rates children do get vaccinated as young as 3 to 6 months, but \"we know that the vaccine doesn't work that well at that age,\" Maldonaldo said. The optimal time for an immune response to the vaccine starts at 12 months of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles vaccine can be given to kids as young as six months if they will be travelling abroad or parents are concerned because of an outbreak. But because it is unclear how well the measles vaccine administered to young infants works over the long haul, Maldonado says that parents should follow up with the complete two dose vaccine after the child is 12 months old.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Amanda Stupi\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/21/state-measles-cases-now-at-59-expect-more-2/\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of measles\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/gca?submit=Get+All+Checked+Abstracts&gca=pediatrics%3Bpeds.2014-2715v1\" target=\"_blank\">new report \u003c/a>that identified clusters of vaccine refusals in Northern California have become this week's hot topics. As such, KQED's daily talk show \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201501230900\" target=\"_blank\">Forum\u003c/a> devoted an hour to the outbreak, and opened up the phones to listeners' questions. The result: the sharing of some very good information. Here are answers to five common questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Can people who have been vaccinated against the measles still get it? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the confirmed measles cases in California, at least five are people who were fully vaccinated. Experts aren't exactly sure why this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No vaccine is 100 percent effective,\" said Dr. Yvonne Maldonado, chief of the division of infectious diseases at Lucille Packard Children's Hospital. The measles vaccine comes close -- it protects 99 out of 100 people, but that's \"one percent of a lot of people,\" she said.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. What are the symptoms of measles?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care practitioners often refer to measles' symptoms as \"the three C's\": cough, coryza (runny nose) and conjunctivitis (red, watery eyes). High fever can also accompany these symptoms. After these symptoms are present, a rash appears on the face and spreads to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how common coughs and runny noses are, measles can be tough to tell apart from other infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The child looks ill,\" said Maldonado. \"Some children can have these symptoms and not feel super sick, but these children are definitely not feeling well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. How is measles spread? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is airborne in \"very, very small droplets,\" said Maldonado. How small? As small as 5 \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohiogt.com/pe/micron.html\" target=\"_blank\">microns\u003c/a>. These droplets can take as long as two hours to drop to the ground, meaning that a classroom or a doctor's exam room where an infected child visits can remain infectious for up to two hours after that child leaves the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People with measles are infectious starting four days before the rash starts -- during the time when they have cough and runny nose, similar to a cold -- and continuing for four days after it appears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/187547647&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Should I get a booster shot just to be safe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are an adult and you know you did not have the second dose of the vaccine, Maldonado suggests getting a booster. If you are not sure about your vaccination history, your doctor can do a blood test to check your immunity levels. But what's easier is to go ahead and get the booster. Even if it turns out to be an extra shot, it won't hurt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people born before 1957 have probably had the disease and are immune to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erica Pan, with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda County of Public Health\u003c/a>, says that if you received your first vaccination shot between 1963 and 1967 you may want to talk to your doctor as there have been instances of \"breakthrough infections\" in adults who received their vaccines during that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" target=\"_blank\">CDC\u003c/a> recommends children get the first of two measles vaccines between 12-15 months of age. What if my child is less than a year old? Can we still vaccinate her?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many countries with highter exposure rates children do get vaccinated as young as 3 to 6 months, but \"we know that the vaccine doesn't work that well at that age,\" Maldonaldo said. The optimal time for an immune response to the vaccine starts at 12 months of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles vaccine can be given to kids as young as six months if they will be travelling abroad or parents are concerned because of an outbreak. But because it is unclear how well the measles vaccine administered to young infants works over the long haul, Maldonado says that parents should follow up with the complete two dose vaccine after the child is 12 months old.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/84933742-e1421892431232.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23586\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/84933742-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Five Disney staff members are among California's cases. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Five Disneyland staff members are among California's cases. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Monday, 1/26:\u003c/strong> The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">said Monday that California now has 73\u003c/a> confirmed cases of measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Friday, 1/23:\u003c/strong> The CDPH said Friday that 68 Californians have confirmed cases of measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, Wed. 1/21:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials report \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">59 confirmed cases\u003c/a> of measles in nine counties. The patients range in age from 7 months to 70 years. The California Department of Public Health has linked 42 of these cases to people who visited Disneyland or Disney's California Adventure Park. Initially, cases were linked to people who visited the parks in mid-December, but there are more confirmed cases who visited the parks in January while infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak has spread beyond California with seven cases in Utah, Washington, Colorado and Oregon. Mexico has also confirmed a case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination status is known for 34 of the California patients. State officials say that 28 were not vaccinated at all, one was partially vaccinated and five were fully vaccinated. (Six of the unvaccinated were babies, too young to be vaccinated.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Devastating Consequences\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Measles is not a trivial illness,\" said state epidemiologist Dr. Gil Chavez. \"It can be very serious with devastating consequences.\" Those consequences include pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. Before the measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, 500 people a year died of the disease nationwide. In the current outbreak, 25 percent of people with measles have been hospitalized.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1989-1991, a measles epidemic swept California and other places around the U.S. There were 17,000 cases in California, and 70 people died. In Philadelphia, nine children died in just three months. \"The city was in a panic,\" Dr. Paul Offit of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia told me, \"I saw children die of measles dehydration … measles encephalitis, measles can kill you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By county, the case numbers are as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda 5\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>L.A. County 12\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Orange 20\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Riverside 4\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Bernardino 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Diego 10\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo 1\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara 1\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ventura 1\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Chavez stressed that Disneyland was a safe place to go -- as long as you are vaccinated. \"If you are not vaccinated, stay away from Disneyland,\" he said. The problem is not with Disneyland itself, but any place where large numbers -- including people from foreign countries -- congregate. Chavez described Disneyland staff as being helpful and \"quite concerned\" about the outbreak. Five Disneyland staff members are among the 59 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/187317626&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000, but can still be reintroduced if someone from another country is infected and travels to the U.S. -- or an unvaccinated person in the U.S. travels abroad and brings the illness back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is a\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> highly infectious, airborne illness\u003c/a>. It starts off with fever as high as 105 degrees, followed by symptoms that resemble a cold -- a cough and runny nose. The hallmark of measles is a red rash that appears first on the face and upper neck, then spreads to the rest of the body. If someone with measles coughs or sneezes, droplets of virus can live on surfaces up to two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the press call with reporters Wednesday afternoon, Kathleen Harriman with the California Department of Public Health described published case reports of a person with measles at a basketball game -- and people across the court became infected, \"because the virus can float and hang out in the air for a long, long time,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Chavez urged everyone who was not vaccinated to \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.html\" target=\"_blank\">get immunized\u003c/a>. The first dose of vaccine, called MMR as it protects against measles, mumps and rubella, is given at 12-15 months of age. The second dose is given at age 4-6. Most people who get the vaccine do not experience side effects, but the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmr\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmr\" target=\"_blank\">most common ones \u003c/a>are fever and a mild rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were born before 1957, you are presumed to be immune to measles, because the disease was so widespread before the introduction of the vaccine. For years, only one dose was recommended, it protects 95 percent of people. The second dose was recommended starting in 1991. If you don't know your vaccine status, Harriman said you can safely get the MMR vaccine -- if it's an extra dose, it won't hurt you, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>Related:\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">Look Up Your School's Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Online\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local health officers in counties affected are busy tracing those who infected patients have been in contact with. Dr. Erica Pan, deputy health officer of Alameda County, says the county has shifted resources from ebola preparedness to contact tracing for measles. Last year there were four cases of measles in Alameda County, she said, \"but we had 400 contacts to investigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles outbreak comes after years of increase of parents refusing vaccines for their children. From the 2007-2008 to 2013-2014 school years, the rate of kindergarten parents choosing the \"personal belief exemption\" to refuse vaccines doubled. While the statewide rate of personal belief exemptions reached 3.15 percent, geographic clusters had \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">significantly higher opt-out rates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that steady increase in vaccine refusals was halted with the current school year -- likely due to a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">new state law\u003c/a>. This school year is the first when parents who chose to opt out needed to meet first with a health care provider to discuss vaccines and vaccine preventable illnesses. The goal is to dispel misinformation and fear of vaccines. The opt-out rate dropped from 3.15 to 2.54 percent, nearly a 20 percent decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change in vaccine refusals may be too late for this outbreak, but state officials are nonetheless pleased. \"That may change the number of people opting not to vaccinate out of pure misinformation,\" Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Update, Monday, 1/26: The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) said Monday that California now has 73 confirmed cases of measles. Update, Friday, 1/23: The CDPH said Friday that 68 Californians have confirmed cases of measles. Original post, Wed. 1/21: State health officials report 59 confirmed cases of measles in nine counties. The patients range in age",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23586\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/84933742-e1421892431232.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23586\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/84933742-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Five Disney staff members are among California's cases. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Five Disneyland staff members are among California's cases. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Monday, 1/26:\u003c/strong> The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">said Monday that California now has 73\u003c/a> confirmed cases of measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Friday, 1/23:\u003c/strong> The CDPH said Friday that 68 Californians have confirmed cases of measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, Wed. 1/21:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials report \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">59 confirmed cases\u003c/a> of measles in nine counties. The patients range in age from 7 months to 70 years. The California Department of Public Health has linked 42 of these cases to people who visited Disneyland or Disney's California Adventure Park. Initially, cases were linked to people who visited the parks in mid-December, but there are more confirmed cases who visited the parks in January while infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak has spread beyond California with seven cases in Utah, Washington, Colorado and Oregon. Mexico has also confirmed a case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination status is known for 34 of the California patients. State officials say that 28 were not vaccinated at all, one was partially vaccinated and five were fully vaccinated. (Six of the unvaccinated were babies, too young to be vaccinated.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Devastating Consequences\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Measles is not a trivial illness,\" said state epidemiologist Dr. Gil Chavez. \"It can be very serious with devastating consequences.\" Those consequences include pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. Before the measles vaccine was introduced in 1963, 500 people a year died of the disease nationwide. In the current outbreak, 25 percent of people with measles have been hospitalized.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1989-1991, a measles epidemic swept California and other places around the U.S. There were 17,000 cases in California, and 70 people died. In Philadelphia, nine children died in just three months. \"The city was in a panic,\" Dr. Paul Offit of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia told me, \"I saw children die of measles dehydration … measles encephalitis, measles can kill you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By county, the case numbers are as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda 5\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>L.A. County 12\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Orange 20\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Riverside 4\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Bernardino 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Diego 10\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo 1\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara 1\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ventura 1\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Chavez stressed that Disneyland was a safe place to go -- as long as you are vaccinated. \"If you are not vaccinated, stay away from Disneyland,\" he said. The problem is not with Disneyland itself, but any place where large numbers -- including people from foreign countries -- congregate. Chavez described Disneyland staff as being helpful and \"quite concerned\" about the outbreak. Five Disneyland staff members are among the 59 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/187317626&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000, but can still be reintroduced if someone from another country is infected and travels to the U.S. -- or an unvaccinated person in the U.S. travels abroad and brings the illness back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is a\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/measles/faqs-dis-vac-risks.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> highly infectious, airborne illness\u003c/a>. It starts off with fever as high as 105 degrees, followed by symptoms that resemble a cold -- a cough and runny nose. The hallmark of measles is a red rash that appears first on the face and upper neck, then spreads to the rest of the body. If someone with measles coughs or sneezes, droplets of virus can live on surfaces up to two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the press call with reporters Wednesday afternoon, Kathleen Harriman with the California Department of Public Health described published case reports of a person with measles at a basketball game -- and people across the court became infected, \"because the virus can float and hang out in the air for a long, long time,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Chavez urged everyone who was not vaccinated to \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/mmr.html\" target=\"_blank\">get immunized\u003c/a>. The first dose of vaccine, called MMR as it protects against measles, mumps and rubella, is given at 12-15 months of age. The second dose is given at age 4-6. Most people who get the vaccine do not experience side effects, but the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmr\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmr\" target=\"_blank\">most common ones \u003c/a>are fever and a mild rash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were born before 1957, you are presumed to be immune to measles, because the disease was so widespread before the introduction of the vaccine. For years, only one dose was recommended, it protects 95 percent of people. The second dose was recommended starting in 1991. If you don't know your vaccine status, Harriman said you can safely get the MMR vaccine -- if it's an extra dose, it won't hurt you, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>Related:\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">Look Up Your School's Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Online\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local health officers in counties affected are busy tracing those who infected patients have been in contact with. Dr. Erica Pan, deputy health officer of Alameda County, says the county has shifted resources from ebola preparedness to contact tracing for measles. Last year there were four cases of measles in Alameda County, she said, \"but we had 400 contacts to investigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measles outbreak comes after years of increase of parents refusing vaccines for their children. From the 2007-2008 to 2013-2014 school years, the rate of kindergarten parents choosing the \"personal belief exemption\" to refuse vaccines doubled. While the statewide rate of personal belief exemptions reached 3.15 percent, geographic clusters had \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">significantly higher opt-out rates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that steady increase in vaccine refusals was halted with the current school year -- likely due to a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">new state law\u003c/a>. This school year is the first when parents who chose to opt out needed to meet first with a health care provider to discuss vaccines and vaccine preventable illnesses. The goal is to dispel misinformation and fear of vaccines. The opt-out rate dropped from 3.15 to 2.54 percent, nearly a 20 percent decrease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change in vaccine refusals may be too late for this outbreak, but state officials are nonetheless pleased. \"That may change the number of people opting not to vaccinate out of pure misinformation,\" Chavez said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-electric-light-changed-the-night",
"title": "How Electric Light Changed the Night",
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"headTitle": "How Electric Light Changed the Night | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Electric light makes the modern world possible. But not all kinds of light are good for us. Numerous studies show that blue light – like the light of a tablet – can suppress our bodies’ flow of melatonin and encourages us to be alert. The resulting loss of sleep can have \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Health_Letter/2012/May/blue-light-has-a-dark-side/\">serious health consequences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://news.psu.edu/story/339372/2014/12/22/research/light-emitting-e-readers-detrimentally-shift-circadian-clock\">a 2014 Penn State study\u003c/a>, people read from either light-emitting devices or paper books before sleep. The subjects who had read from the devices took longer to fall asleep, slept less restfully and performed worse on cognitive tests the next day compared to those who had read paper books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/neon.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-73693\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/neon-640x358.png\" alt=\"neon\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/neon2.png\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>It’s not just the chemical impact of electric light on our bodies that can be harmful, scientists say, but the way it enables us to be active any time of day or night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric lighting allows us to stay up later, but we still get up early, so we are scrunching our sleep,” said Stanford professor Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep researcher who is preparing an undergraduate course on the historical impact of electric light on society. “I do think our use of electric lighting has long-term consequences for our health,” he added. “But what the consequences are, we don’t yet know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73701\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/Goltzius_Saenredam_Night-252x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-73701 size-large\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/Goltzius_Saenredam_Night-252x360.jpg\" alt=\"Roger Ekirch discovered hundreds of references to segmented sleep, including this Roger Ekirch says this 1595 engraving by Jan Saenredam.\" width=\"252\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roger Ekirch discovered hundreds of references to segmented sleep, including \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goltzius_Saenredam_Night.jpg\">this 1595 engraving\u003c/a> by Jan Saenredam. (Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But we’ve traded away something else for the privilege of 24-7 illumination – something most of us aren’t even aware we’ve lost. In the 1990s, Virginia Tech historian \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.vt.edu/Ekirch/sleepcommentary.html\">Roger Ekirch\u003c/a> discovered a once-common pattern of “segmented,” or divided, sleep – two roughly four-hour periods of sleep separated by an hour or two of calm wakefulness. According to hundreds of historical references, people used this calm time to pray, read, write, have sex or quietly socialize. It was a period particularly conducive to reflection and creativity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekirch’s theory was boosted by an influential 1992 \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00019.x/abstract\">sleep experiment\u003c/a> by Thomas Wehr, former chief of the Clinical Psychobiology branch at the National Institute of Mental Health. In Wehr’s month-long study people deprived of artificial light reverted to segmented sleep patterns after several weeks of sleeping for 11 hours a night. In the period of waking between the two sleeps, the brain produces high levels of prolactin, the relaxation hormone enjoyed by breastfeeding mothers and postcoital lovers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekirch thinks segmented sleep is our natural pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Segmented sleep, in my view, was the dominant pattern of slumber, arguably, since time immemorial, to judge from ancient literary texts,” he said. “It was, indeed, our natural form of sleep, (and is) still prevalent in pre-industrial cultures around the world without the benefit of artificial illumination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the sun went down, our ancestors’ activities were dramatically limited. This was just as well, because uncertainty and danger lurked in the darkness, and it was considered safest to stay close to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/fishcandle.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-73698\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/fishcandle-640x357.png\" alt=\"fishcandle\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>But humans have always rebelled against the darkness. Our first artificial lights were campfires and torches. Oil-filled stone lamps were found deep in the cave at Lascaux, France, where they were used 30,000 years ago to light Cro-Magnon artists’ work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, people even enlisted the help of animals for illumination. They threaded an oily fish or bird with a wick and lit it, or trapped fireflies in a cage. Much later, whale oil, and gas street lamps in the 1800s made it fashionable and easier to socialize after dark. And sleep patterns began to shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/lightbulb.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-73696\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/lightbulb-640x357.png\" alt=\"lightbulb\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>But it was electric light that changed everything. Thomas Edison’s ingenious filament bulb in 1879 swiftly became ubiquitous in much of the world. As people became accustomed to light on demand, our fundamental relationship to time changed as well. Suddenly, the night was open for business, and we began to take advantage of it with greater and greater demands on our productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that there’s no going back, experts say there are steps we can take to protect our sleep. Zeitzer noted that the amount of light we are exposed to during the day determines how susceptible we are to blue light in the evening. The more light we are exposed to during the day, the less our sleep will be disturbed by nighttime lighting. He recommends taking a walk in the sunlight during the day to mitigate the effects of light use at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/eyesun-e1421357094781.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26343\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/eyesun-e1421357094781.png\" alt=\"eyesun\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric light has fundamentally altered the relationship between human behavior and the environment,” Zeitzer said. “This has led to massive increases in productivity and available entertainment, but the cost may be our long-term health and mental well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Artificial light makes the modern world possible. But not all kinds of light are good for us. Electric light has fundamentally altered our lives, our bodies and the very nature of our sleep.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Electric light makes the modern world possible. But not all kinds of light are good for us. Numerous studies show that blue light – like the light of a tablet – can suppress our bodies’ flow of melatonin and encourages us to be alert. The resulting loss of sleep can have \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Health_Letter/2012/May/blue-light-has-a-dark-side/\">serious health consequences\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://news.psu.edu/story/339372/2014/12/22/research/light-emitting-e-readers-detrimentally-shift-circadian-clock\">a 2014 Penn State study\u003c/a>, people read from either light-emitting devices or paper books before sleep. The subjects who had read from the devices took longer to fall asleep, slept less restfully and performed worse on cognitive tests the next day compared to those who had read paper books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/neon.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-73693\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/neon-640x358.png\" alt=\"neon\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/neon2.png\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>It’s not just the chemical impact of electric light on our bodies that can be harmful, scientists say, but the way it enables us to be active any time of day or night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric lighting allows us to stay up later, but we still get up early, so we are scrunching our sleep,” said Stanford professor Jamie Zeitzer, a sleep researcher who is preparing an undergraduate course on the historical impact of electric light on society. “I do think our use of electric lighting has long-term consequences for our health,” he added. “But what the consequences are, we don’t yet know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73701\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 252px\">\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/Goltzius_Saenredam_Night-252x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-73701 size-large\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/Goltzius_Saenredam_Night-252x360.jpg\" alt=\"Roger Ekirch discovered hundreds of references to segmented sleep, including this Roger Ekirch says this 1595 engraving by Jan Saenredam.\" width=\"252\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roger Ekirch discovered hundreds of references to segmented sleep, including \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Goltzius_Saenredam_Night.jpg\">this 1595 engraving\u003c/a> by Jan Saenredam. (Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But we’ve traded away something else for the privilege of 24-7 illumination – something most of us aren’t even aware we’ve lost. In the 1990s, Virginia Tech historian \u003ca href=\"http://www.history.vt.edu/Ekirch/sleepcommentary.html\">Roger Ekirch\u003c/a> discovered a once-common pattern of “segmented,” or divided, sleep – two roughly four-hour periods of sleep separated by an hour or two of calm wakefulness. According to hundreds of historical references, people used this calm time to pray, read, write, have sex or quietly socialize. It was a period particularly conducive to reflection and creativity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekirch’s theory was boosted by an influential 1992 \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00019.x/abstract\">sleep experiment\u003c/a> by Thomas Wehr, former chief of the Clinical Psychobiology branch at the National Institute of Mental Health. In Wehr’s month-long study people deprived of artificial light reverted to segmented sleep patterns after several weeks of sleeping for 11 hours a night. In the period of waking between the two sleeps, the brain produces high levels of prolactin, the relaxation hormone enjoyed by breastfeeding mothers and postcoital lovers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekirch thinks segmented sleep is our natural pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Segmented sleep, in my view, was the dominant pattern of slumber, arguably, since time immemorial, to judge from ancient literary texts,” he said. “It was, indeed, our natural form of sleep, (and is) still prevalent in pre-industrial cultures around the world without the benefit of artificial illumination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the sun went down, our ancestors’ activities were dramatically limited. This was just as well, because uncertainty and danger lurked in the darkness, and it was considered safest to stay close to home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/fishcandle.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-73698\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/fishcandle-640x357.png\" alt=\"fishcandle\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>But humans have always rebelled against the darkness. Our first artificial lights were campfires and torches. Oil-filled stone lamps were found deep in the cave at Lascaux, France, where they were used 30,000 years ago to light Cro-Magnon artists’ work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, people even enlisted the help of animals for illumination. They threaded an oily fish or bird with a wick and lit it, or trapped fireflies in a cage. Much later, whale oil, and gas street lamps in the 1800s made it fashionable and easier to socialize after dark. And sleep patterns began to shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/lightbulb.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-73696\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2015/01/lightbulb-640x357.png\" alt=\"lightbulb\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\">\u003c/a>But it was electric light that changed everything. Thomas Edison’s ingenious filament bulb in 1879 swiftly became ubiquitous in much of the world. As people became accustomed to light on demand, our fundamental relationship to time changed as well. Suddenly, the night was open for business, and we began to take advantage of it with greater and greater demands on our productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that there’s no going back, experts say there are steps we can take to protect our sleep. Zeitzer noted that the amount of light we are exposed to during the day determines how susceptible we are to blue light in the evening. The more light we are exposed to during the day, the less our sleep will be disturbed by nighttime lighting. He recommends taking a walk in the sunlight during the day to mitigate the effects of light use at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/eyesun-e1421357094781.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-26343\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/eyesun-e1421357094781.png\" alt=\"eyesun\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric light has fundamentally altered the relationship between human behavior and the environment,” Zeitzer said. “This has led to massive increases in productivity and available entertainment, but the cost may be our long-term health and mental well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23477\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/RS12665_20141017_vaccines_jt_002-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23477\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/RS12665_20141017_vaccines_jt_002-qut-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"This Oakland child received a nasal spray flu vaccine at a clinic in Oakland. (James Tensuan/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Oakland child received a nasal spray flu vaccine at a clinic in Oakland. (James Tensuan/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rob Stein\u003c/strong>, \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/15/377433071/this-years-flu-vaccine-is-pretty-wimpy-but-can-still-help\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/15/377433071/this-years-flu-vaccine-is-pretty-wimpy-but-can-still-help\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, this year's flu vaccine looks like it's pretty much of a dud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine only appears to cut the chances that someone will end up sick with the flu by 23 percent, according to the first estimate of the vaccine's effectiveness by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC had predicted this year's vaccine wouldn't work very well because the main strain of the flu virus that's circulating this year, known as an H3N2 virus, mutated slightly after the vaccine was created. That enables the virus to evade the immune system response created by getting vaccinated.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effectiveness of the flu vaccine varies dramatically from year to year, but can be as high as 50 percent to 60 percent, the CDC says. So if the early estimate of this year's vaccine's effectiveness, reported in this week's \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a4.htm?s_cid=mm6401a4_w\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a4.htm?s_cid=mm6401a4_w\" target=\"_blank\">Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report\u003c/a>, holds up, it would put the protection at the low end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the CDC and others are still urging people to get their flu shots because the vaccine does appear to work well against other, less common strains of the virus that are circulating, and they could become more common as the flu season progresses. We're about halfway through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The flu season is not yet over,\" said William Schaffner, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University. \"There are other less impressive strains that are out there making people sick, and against those strains the vaccine is actually on target. So it's providing partial protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has been predicting that this year could be a bad year for the flu because of the expectation that the vaccine wouldn't work very well and because H3N2 viruses tend to be pretty nasty. So the CDC has been urging doctors to be more aggressive about using antiviral drugs like Tamiflu and Relenza when their patients get the flu, especially those at high risk for complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Physicians should be aware that all hospitalized patients and all outpatients at high risk for serious complications should be treated as soon as possible with one of three available influenza antiviral medications if influenza is suspected, regardless of a patient's vaccination status and without waiting for confirmatory testing,\" the CDC's Joe Bresee said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23477\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/RS12665_20141017_vaccines_jt_002-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23477\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/RS12665_20141017_vaccines_jt_002-qut-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"This Oakland child received a nasal spray flu vaccine at a clinic in Oakland. (James Tensuan/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Oakland child received a nasal spray flu vaccine at a clinic in Oakland. (James Tensuan/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rob Stein\u003c/strong>, \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/15/377433071/this-years-flu-vaccine-is-pretty-wimpy-but-can-still-help\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/01/15/377433071/this-years-flu-vaccine-is-pretty-wimpy-but-can-still-help\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, this year's flu vaccine looks like it's pretty much of a dud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine only appears to cut the chances that someone will end up sick with the flu by 23 percent, according to the first estimate of the vaccine's effectiveness by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC had predicted this year's vaccine wouldn't work very well because the main strain of the flu virus that's circulating this year, known as an H3N2 virus, mutated slightly after the vaccine was created. That enables the virus to evade the immune system response created by getting vaccinated.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effectiveness of the flu vaccine varies dramatically from year to year, but can be as high as 50 percent to 60 percent, the CDC says. So if the early estimate of this year's vaccine's effectiveness, reported in this week's \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a4.htm?s_cid=mm6401a4_w\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a4.htm?s_cid=mm6401a4_w\" target=\"_blank\">Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report\u003c/a>, holds up, it would put the protection at the low end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the CDC and others are still urging people to get their flu shots because the vaccine does appear to work well against other, less common strains of the virus that are circulating, and they could become more common as the flu season progresses. We're about halfway through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The flu season is not yet over,\" said William Schaffner, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University. \"There are other less impressive strains that are out there making people sick, and against those strains the vaccine is actually on target. So it's providing partial protection.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has been predicting that this year could be a bad year for the flu because of the expectation that the vaccine wouldn't work very well and because H3N2 viruses tend to be pretty nasty. So the CDC has been urging doctors to be more aggressive about using antiviral drugs like Tamiflu and Relenza when their patients get the flu, especially those at high risk for complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Physicians should be aware that all hospitalized patients and all outpatients at high risk for serious complications should be treated as soon as possible with one of three available influenza antiviral medications if influenza is suspected, regardless of a patient's vaccination status and without waiting for confirmatory testing,\" the CDC's Joe Bresee said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26280\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 636px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/strawberries-e1421271793733.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26280 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/strawberries-e1421271793733.jpg\" alt=\"Chloropicrin was introduced to replace methyl bromide but has negative health effects on workers so the California Department of Pesticide Regulation has introduced tighter regulations. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\" width=\"636\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chloropicrin was introduced to replace methyl bromide but has had negative health effects on workers and those who live near treated farms. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Smith\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_CALIFORNIA_PESTICIDE_REGULATION?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\">Associated Press\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia farmers now must abide by the nation’s strictest rules for a widely used pesticide in a change designed to protect farmworkers and people who live and work near agricultural fields but is likely to raise prices on produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restrictions announced Wednesday target chloropicrin, a pesticide injected into the ground before planting crops such as strawberries, tomatoes and almond orchards. In recent years, the chemical has caused hundreds of people to suffer from irritated eyes, coughing fits and headaches, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new regulations surpass standards required by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Leahy, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/\">California Department of Pesticide Regulation\u003c/a>, said Tuesday that the higher standard is needed in California, the nation’s leading agricultural producer and most populated state, where farms are often next to people. Costs are sure to rise for farmers, who will pass it along to consumers, but Leahy said it is worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is burdensome,” Leahy said. “But if we’re going to use these tools, we’ve got to ensure that they’re used as safely as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“If we’re going to use these tools, we’ve got to ensure that they’re used as safely as possible.’\u003ccite>–Brian Leahy,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Department of Pesticide Regulation Director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the new regulation, farmers are limited to applying the pesticide on up to 40 acres in one day, a reduction of 75 percent. It also expands the distance between fields and human activity – in some cases to double the distance. Farmers who use upgraded tarps to cover their fields while applying the pesticide can follow less stringent regulations, said officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers use about 5 million pounds of the pesticide a year, most heavily in the Central Valley counties of San Joaquin and Fresno and along the coast in Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has been talking with growers for more than a year about the new standards and will immediately begin implementing them, with full compliance required by 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state documented 787 people as suffering from exposure to the pesticide drifting through the air between 2002 and 2011, according to the most recent records. In 2013, 19 people picking raspberries in Monterey County were sickened, and in 2012, 15 people in their homes and two firefighters near a Ventura County strawberry field reported irritated eyes, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmers fear that tighter restrictions will increase the costs of their fruits and vegetables, potentially driving the market out of state or the country. Almond and grape growers use chloropicrin once every 20 to 30 years when they plant a new orchard or vineyard, but California’s strawberry growers, who use it each season, may be hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produces 88 percent of the nation’s strawberry crop, supporting a $2.3 billion industry, said Carolyn O’Donnell, a spokeswoman for the California Strawberry Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will cost the state’s strawberry growers an estimated $20 million to buy upgraded tarps to cover their crops and comply with the standards, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers and their families live near their farms and work in their fields and care deeply about protecting the safety of their workers, neighbors and communities,” O’Donnell said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26280\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 636px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/strawberries-e1421271793733.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26280 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/strawberries-e1421271793733.jpg\" alt=\"Chloropicrin was introduced to replace methyl bromide but has negative health effects on workers so the California Department of Pesticide Regulation has introduced tighter regulations. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\" width=\"636\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chloropicrin was introduced to replace methyl bromide but has had negative health effects on workers and those who live near treated farms. (Sandy Huffaker/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Smith\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_CALIFORNIA_PESTICIDE_REGULATION?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\">Associated Press\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia farmers now must abide by the nation’s strictest rules for a widely used pesticide in a change designed to protect farmworkers and people who live and work near agricultural fields but is likely to raise prices on produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restrictions announced Wednesday target chloropicrin, a pesticide injected into the ground before planting crops such as strawberries, tomatoes and almond orchards. In recent years, the chemical has caused hundreds of people to suffer from irritated eyes, coughing fits and headaches, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new regulations surpass standards required by \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Leahy, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/\">California Department of Pesticide Regulation\u003c/a>, said Tuesday that the higher standard is needed in California, the nation’s leading agricultural producer and most populated state, where farms are often next to people. Costs are sure to rise for farmers, who will pass it along to consumers, but Leahy said it is worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is burdensome,” Leahy said. “But if we’re going to use these tools, we’ve got to ensure that they’re used as safely as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“If we’re going to use these tools, we’ve got to ensure that they’re used as safely as possible.’\u003ccite>–Brian Leahy,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Department of Pesticide Regulation Director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Under the new regulation, farmers are limited to applying the pesticide on up to 40 acres in one day, a reduction of 75 percent. It also expands the distance between fields and human activity – in some cases to double the distance. Farmers who use upgraded tarps to cover their fields while applying the pesticide can follow less stringent regulations, said officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers use about 5 million pounds of the pesticide a year, most heavily in the Central Valley counties of San Joaquin and Fresno and along the coast in Monterey, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has been talking with growers for more than a year about the new standards and will immediately begin implementing them, with full compliance required by 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state documented 787 people as suffering from exposure to the pesticide drifting through the air between 2002 and 2011, according to the most recent records. In 2013, 19 people picking raspberries in Monterey County were sickened, and in 2012, 15 people in their homes and two firefighters near a Ventura County strawberry field reported irritated eyes, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California farmers fear that tighter restrictions will increase the costs of their fruits and vegetables, potentially driving the market out of state or the country. Almond and grape growers use chloropicrin once every 20 to 30 years when they plant a new orchard or vineyard, but California’s strawberry growers, who use it each season, may be hit hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California produces 88 percent of the nation’s strawberry crop, supporting a $2.3 billion industry, said Carolyn O’Donnell, a spokeswoman for the California Strawberry Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will cost the state’s strawberry growers an estimated $20 million to buy upgraded tarps to cover their crops and comply with the standards, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmers and their families live near their farms and work in their fields and care deeply about protecting the safety of their workers, neighbors and communities,” O’Donnell said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Disneyland Measles Cases Now at 26",
"title": "Disneyland Measles Cases Now at 26",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-e1421198243700.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23448\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of measles cases linked to having \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">visited Disneyland parks\u003c/a> in mid-December has climbed to 22 in California, according \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">to state data\u003c/a>. There are four more cases in other states -- two in Utah and one each in Colorado and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the incubation period for people who visited the parks between Dec. 17-20 ended on Jan. 10 -- meaning that anyone who was at Disneyland in that time frame would have gotten sick by now -- the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times is reporting\u003c/a> that an unvaccinated, infected woman took two flights after she became ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman was in her 20s, the TImes reported, had visited Disneyland in December and became ill on Dec. 28. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's more from the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Times:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>She flew from Orange County to Seattle on Dec. 29, stayed with family in Washington's Snohomish County and returned to Orange County on Jan. 3. She wasn't diagnosed until Jan. 8 in California, health officials in Washington state said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passenger flew to Seattle on Alaska Airlines Flight 505 on Dec. 29, a Washington health official said. She returned to Orange County on Jan. 3 on Virgin America Flight 1780.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious, and the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">virus can live up to two hours \u003c/a>on a surface or in the airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine suspected measles cases are under investigation. Four of them are related to Disneyland; five have \"no known links\" to Disney parks,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the breakdown by county of the 22 confirmed cases in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>L.A. County 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Orange 9\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Riverside 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Bernardino 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Diego 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ventura 1\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Carlos Villatoro, a spokesman for the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), said in an email that 21 of the state's cases \"had direct links to Disney parks,\" and one was a \"secondary case,\" meaning the patient had direct contact with a \"Disney-linked case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination status of the California cases is as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>12 cases were not vaccinated (although previous reports indicated \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">two were too young to be vaccinated\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>4 were vaccinated\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>6 had unknown vaccination status or no vaccination documentation at this time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23436 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23436",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-e1421198243700.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23448\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of measles cases linked to having \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">visited Disneyland parks\u003c/a> in mid-December has climbed to 22 in California, according \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/Measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">to state data\u003c/a>. There are four more cases in other states -- two in Utah and one each in Colorado and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the incubation period for people who visited the parks between Dec. 17-20 ended on Jan. 10 -- meaning that anyone who was at Disneyland in that time frame would have gotten sick by now -- the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times is reporting\u003c/a> that an unvaccinated, infected woman took two flights after she became ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman was in her 20s, the TImes reported, had visited Disneyland in December and became ill on Dec. 28. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's more from the \u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-disneyland-measles-20150113-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Times:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>She flew from Orange County to Seattle on Dec. 29, stayed with family in Washington's Snohomish County and returned to Orange County on Jan. 3. She wasn't diagnosed until Jan. 8 in California, health officials in Washington state said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passenger flew to Seattle on Alaska Airlines Flight 505 on Dec. 29, a Washington health official said. She returned to Orange County on Jan. 3 on Virgin America Flight 1780.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious, and the \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">virus can live up to two hours \u003c/a>on a surface or in the airspace where the infected person coughed or sneezed, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine suspected measles cases are under investigation. Four of them are related to Disneyland; five have \"no known links\" to Disney parks,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the breakdown by county of the 22 confirmed cases in California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>L.A. County 3\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Orange 9\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Riverside 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Bernardino 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Diego 2\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ventura 1\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Carlos Villatoro, a spokesman for the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), said in an email that 21 of the state's cases \"had direct links to Disney parks,\" and one was a \"secondary case,\" meaning the patient had direct contact with a \"Disney-linked case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination status of the California cases is as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>12 cases were not vaccinated (although previous reports indicated \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\">two were too young to be vaccinated\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>4 were vaccinated\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>6 had unknown vaccination status or no vaccination documentation at this time.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26269\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/23andMe_Box-e1421263543823.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26269 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/23andMe_Box-e1421263543823.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"364\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">23andMe sells genetic testing kits and has recently started sharing that data with pharmaceutical companies. (23andMe)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It hasn’t taken long for \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a>, the Mountain View-based genetics company, to strike another deal with big pharma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Google-backed firm announced a $60 million agreement to allow Genentech to use participant data to study Parkinson’s disease. A new agreement announced Monday will give Pfizer access to 5,000 people in the company’s database to study the genetics of lupus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be a new way to come up with treatments, says Emily Drabant Conley, Director of Business Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re quite hopeful that the information is being leveraged to move us toward therapies and cures,” Drabant Conley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re quite hopeful that the information is being leveraged to move us toward therapies and cures.’\u003ccite>— Emily Drabant Conley,\u003cbr>\n23andMe Director of Business Development\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The biotech firm sells $99 personal DNA kits that, through one dab of saliva, can tell consumers about their genetic make-up and ancestry. It has enrolled more than 800,000 participants and 650,000 of those have consented to share their medical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are they benefiting by learning about themselves,” says Drabant Conley, “but when they consent to participate in research it gives us the ability to go back to them repeatedly over time and collect more info and engage them in the research that our partners are doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the company is making millions by selling its users’ data. Concerns include privacy breaches and whether insurance companies would increase rates if they had access to a member’s genetic history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe came under attack in 2013 when the Food and Drug Administration issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2013/ucm376296.htm\">warning letter\u003c/a> saying the company was marketing genetic health analyses without approval, and raising concerns about the accuracy of the tests and the health risks to consumers of inaccurate tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 23andMe \u003ca href=\"http://www.ispot.tv/ad/7qoF/23-and-me\">television commercial\u003c/a> at the time said people could discover if they “might have an increased risk of heart disease, arthritis, gallstones, [or] hemochromatosis.” 23andMe also gave people an analysis of genetic markers it said were associated with 254 specific diseases and conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerned about “the public health consequences of inaccurate results,” the FDA asked company founder Anne Wojcicki to stop marketing the health analyses until the “diagnostic and prognostic capability of genomic information has been clinically validated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/ucm391016.htm\">stopped marketing\u003c/a> the health analyses in the U.S., but is \u003ca href=\"http://blog.23andme.com/news/update-on-the-regulatory-review-process-with-the-fda/\">working with the FDA\u003c/a> to develop protocols that will allow the company to resume that part of its business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe is expected to announce another ten partnerships with pharmaceutical companies over the next several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_26269\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/23andMe_Box-e1421263543823.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-26269 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/01/23andMe_Box-e1421263543823.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"364\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">23andMe sells genetic testing kits and has recently started sharing that data with pharmaceutical companies. (23andMe)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It hasn’t taken long for \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a>, the Mountain View-based genetics company, to strike another deal with big pharma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the Google-backed firm announced a $60 million agreement to allow Genentech to use participant data to study Parkinson’s disease. A new agreement announced Monday will give Pfizer access to 5,000 people in the company’s database to study the genetics of lupus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be a new way to come up with treatments, says Emily Drabant Conley, Director of Business Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re quite hopeful that the information is being leveraged to move us toward therapies and cures,” Drabant Conley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re quite hopeful that the information is being leveraged to move us toward therapies and cures.’\u003ccite>— Emily Drabant Conley,\u003cbr>\n23andMe Director of Business Development\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The biotech firm sells $99 personal DNA kits that, through one dab of saliva, can tell consumers about their genetic make-up and ancestry. It has enrolled more than 800,000 participants and 650,000 of those have consented to share their medical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are they benefiting by learning about themselves,” says Drabant Conley, “but when they consent to participate in research it gives us the ability to go back to them repeatedly over time and collect more info and engage them in the research that our partners are doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the company is making millions by selling its users’ data. Concerns include privacy breaches and whether insurance companies would increase rates if they had access to a member’s genetic history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe came under attack in 2013 when the Food and Drug Administration issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2013/ucm376296.htm\">warning letter\u003c/a> saying the company was marketing genetic health analyses without approval, and raising concerns about the accuracy of the tests and the health risks to consumers of inaccurate tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 23andMe \u003ca href=\"http://www.ispot.tv/ad/7qoF/23-and-me\">television commercial\u003c/a> at the time said people could discover if they “might have an increased risk of heart disease, arthritis, gallstones, [or] hemochromatosis.” 23andMe also gave people an analysis of genetic markers it said were associated with 254 specific diseases and conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concerned about “the public health consequences of inaccurate results,” the FDA asked company founder Anne Wojcicki to stop marketing the health analyses until the “diagnostic and prognostic capability of genomic information has been clinically validated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/ucm391016.htm\">stopped marketing\u003c/a> the health analyses in the U.S., but is \u003ca href=\"http://blog.23andme.com/news/update-on-the-regulatory-review-process-with-the-fda/\">working with the FDA\u003c/a> to develop protocols that will allow the company to resume that part of its business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe is expected to announce another ten partnerships with pharmaceutical companies over the next several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nine Measles Cases Tied to Disneyland Parks",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-e1420672369712.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23378\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nine people who visited Disneyland or Disneyland California Adventure Park during December have confirmed measles cases, state health officials said Wednesday. Seven of the patients live in California and two live in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and county health officers are investigating an additional four suspected cases, two in Utah and two in California. All the patients visited the parks in Orange County between Dec.15-20, California Department of Public Health officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have symptoms, and believe you may have been exposed, please contact your health care provider,” Dr. Ron Chapman, CDPH director and state health officer,\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> said in a statement\u003c/a>. “The best way to prevent measles and its spread is to get vaccinated.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Harriman, chief of vaccine preventable diseases with the department, said that \"it's our speculation that there was an (infected) international visitor at one of the parks, and that person or persons was able to infect a lot of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is \"a very infectious disease,\" she added, and was eliminated from the United States in 2000. \"So all the cases of measles in the United States originate with an imported case, even though there can be transmission once one of those cases gets here.\" Measles is airborne and highly contagious. \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">It can live on a surface \u003c/a>where an infected person coughed or sneezed up to two hours and possibly infect others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California cases are in Alameda, Orange, Pasadena, Riverside and San Diego. The patients range in age from 8 months to 21 years. Of the seven California cases, six were not vaccinated, although two were too young to be vaccinated. The first of two recommended measles vaccine doses is typically given at 1 year of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one of the cases was fully vaccinated. Harriman said that while the measles vaccine is highly effective, \"it confers lifelong immunity in 99 percent of people who receive two doses,\" and there will always be a small number of people who can be infected despite vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the cases is in Alameda County. Deputy Chief Health Officer Dr. Erica Pan said officials are \"working with the health facility where the patient was seen\" to identify other patients and health care workers who may have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said health officers will quarantine susceptible contacts, especially those at high risk of developing disease, \"to make sure that contact stays home and away from other people to make sure that person does not infect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said if people are concerned they \"should check on their immunization status and get vaccinated\" if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney officials told the Associated Press that they had not received any reports of staff contracting measles. Park officials are working with the health department to provide any necessary information, said Dr. Pamela Hymel, chief medical officer for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health has notified the Centers for Disease Control of the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This post has been updated with a response from Disney.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-e1420672369712.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23378\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/53249939-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Marsaili McGrath/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nine people who visited Disneyland or Disneyland California Adventure Park during December have confirmed measles cases, state health officials said Wednesday. Seven of the patients live in California and two live in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and county health officers are investigating an additional four suspected cases, two in Utah and two in California. All the patients visited the parks in Orange County between Dec.15-20, California Department of Public Health officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have symptoms, and believe you may have been exposed, please contact your health care provider,” Dr. Ron Chapman, CDPH director and state health officer,\u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/Pages/NR15-002.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> said in a statement\u003c/a>. “The best way to prevent measles and its spread is to get vaccinated.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathleen Harriman, chief of vaccine preventable diseases with the department, said that \"it's our speculation that there was an (infected) international visitor at one of the parks, and that person or persons was able to infect a lot of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is \"a very infectious disease,\" she added, and was eliminated from the United States in 2000. \"So all the cases of measles in the United States originate with an imported case, even though there can be transmission once one of those cases gets here.\" Measles is airborne and highly contagious. \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/transmission.html\" target=\"_blank\">It can live on a surface \u003c/a>where an infected person coughed or sneezed up to two hours and possibly infect others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California cases are in Alameda, Orange, Pasadena, Riverside and San Diego. The patients range in age from 8 months to 21 years. Of the seven California cases, six were not vaccinated, although two were too young to be vaccinated. The first of two recommended measles vaccine doses is typically given at 1 year of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one of the cases was fully vaccinated. Harriman said that while the measles vaccine is highly effective, \"it confers lifelong immunity in 99 percent of people who receive two doses,\" and there will always be a small number of people who can be infected despite vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the cases is in Alameda County. Deputy Chief Health Officer Dr. Erica Pan said officials are \"working with the health facility where the patient was seen\" to identify other patients and health care workers who may have been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said health officers will quarantine susceptible contacts, especially those at high risk of developing disease, \"to make sure that contact stays home and away from other people to make sure that person does not infect others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial measles symptoms include fever, cough, running nose and red eyes. After a few days, a red rash appears on the face and then spreads downward to the rest of the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said if people are concerned they \"should check on their immunization status and get vaccinated\" if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney officials told the Associated Press that they had not received any reports of staff contracting measles. Park officials are working with the health department to provide any necessary information, said Dr. Pamela Hymel, chief medical officer for Walt Disney Parks and Resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health has notified the Centers for Disease Control of the cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This post has been updated with a response from Disney.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Much Drinking Causes A Hangover?",
"title": "How Much Drinking Causes A Hangover?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/2184139735_b126928315_b-e1388187405732.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16935\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/2184139735_b126928315_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(ckelly/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(ckelly/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: this story originally ran Dec. 30, 2013.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medically, the condition is called “veisalgia” — from the Norwegian \u003cem>kveis \u003c/em>or “uneasiness following debauchery,” and the Greek \u003cem>algia, \u003c/em>otherwise known as “pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you probably just call it a hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helpful PR coordinators at the American College of Physicians resent information about a review, published back in 2000, titled simply \u003ca title=\"The Alcohol Hangover\" href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3\" target=\"_blank\">The Alcohol Hangover\u003c/a>. “More than 4700 articles have been written about alcohol intoxication (from 1965 to 1999), but only 108 have addressed alcohol hangover,” the researchers, all at UC San Francisco at the time, wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you probably don’t care about how much research has been done, you just want to know how many drinks cause a hangover.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s get to it:\u003cspan id=\"more-16926\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For men, a dose of “five to seven standard cocktails” consumed over a four-to-six-hour period, is “almost always followed by hangover symptoms.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For women, the dose is three to five drinks. Women feel the effects of alcohol on a smaller dose not because they are smaller (in general) than men, but because they \u003ca title=\"Alcohol Metabolism--Alcohol Alert No. 35\" href=\"http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa35.htm\" target=\"_blank\">metabolize alcohol\u003c/a> differently.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the purposes of their review, the researchers defined a hangover as having at least two of the following not-so-surprising symptoms: headache, “poor sense of overall well-being” (in other words, feeling crappy), diarrhea, anorexia, tremulousness, fatigue, nausea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers had trouble defining was how a hangover happens. There are theories, but no one is sure. The researchers dismissed the popular idea that a hangover is caused by “alcohol withdrawal.” The researchers say that the physical changes in a hangover are different from those that happen when a chronic alcohol abuser stops drinking alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, a hangover is not “solely dose-related,” the researchers wrote, although the more alcohol a person drinks, the more severe the symptoms might be. Some possible culprits as to a hangover’s pain include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Congeners: this byproduct in many dark liquors — such as brandy, tequila, wine and whiskey — can increase the “frequency and severity of hangover,” the researchers reported. Conversely, clear liquors such as rum, vodka and gin generally cause hangover less frequently and could explain why people with more severe alcoholism favor these liquors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Acetaldehyde: this is a byproduct of alcohol metabolism and can contribute to hangover symptoms\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Treating the Hangover: No Easy Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcohol consumption promotes excessive urination, out of proportion to the liquid consumed. That sets you up for dehydration, but as the alcohol wears off, a hormone that limits urination increases. Drinking water can help, but “in our clinical experience, hydration attenuates but does not completely relieve hangover symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So drinking water is not a big help (although being well-hydrated with water can help you avoid or reduce a hangover).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some evidence showed that people who took tolfenamic acid when they were consuming the alcohol had fewer hangover symptoms. Tolfenamic acid is an “NSAID,” a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It’s not sold in the U.S. (apparently available in Britain; very helpful). “Other non steroidal agents are frequently used to treat hangover symptoms but have not been studied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because no other NSAIDs have been studied, I can’t give you names of drugs that could treat hangover symptoms, but I can suggest what you should avoid. In general,\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm239747.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> do not take acetaminophen\u003c/a> — brand name Tylenol — when you drink alcohol. The combination can cause severe liver damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study showed taking vitamin B6 before, during and after drinking alcohol reduced hangover symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My colleagues at KQED Science have \u003ca title=\"How Science Can Help Prevent a (Bad) Hangover\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/how-science-can-help-prevent-a-bad-hangover/\" target=\"_blank\">a helpful story with more tips on avoiding a hangover\u003c/a> (or at least a bad hangover).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hangover Carries Its Own Health Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised to learn that the hangover is about more than just feeling yucky. The researchers quantified costs in impaired job performance, but the hangover patient is at increased risk of injury because of “diminished visual-spatial skills and dexterity \u003cem>even after alcohol can no longer be detected in the blood\u003c/em>” (emphasis mine). Visual-spatial skills are what you need when you’re driving or operating any heavy machinery. Use caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note to anyone who is Tahoe-bound for the New Year’s holiday: Skiers may also be at higher risk of injury due to the hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also troubling is that hangover puts stress on the heart. People with a hangover have an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. There is some evidence that people suffering from a hangover are at increased risk of dying from a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Hangover Through the Ages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers opened their review by citing the Bible: “Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink.” (Isaiah 5:11) and closed by citing Homer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Hangover’s historical past may predict its future. Homer provided one of the first descriptions of the disorder. A companion of Odysseus, Elpenor, awoke from a drunken sleep, sprang up, and jumped off a roof, falling to his death (\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">62\u003c/a>–\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">63\u003c/a>). Of interest, Elpenor “returned from the dead, begging Odysseus to bury his body,” a sentiment we have often heard echoed by patients with hangover. The most extreme form of hangover, a psychiatric dissociation characterized by irrational behavior, has since become known as the Elpenor syndrome.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy New Year! Drink wisely.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's not just number of drinks. Some types of alcohol will give you a worse hangover than others.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/2184139735_b126928315_b-e1388187405732.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-16935\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/12/2184139735_b126928315_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(ckelly/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(ckelly/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: this story originally ran Dec. 30, 2013.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medically, the condition is called “veisalgia” — from the Norwegian \u003cem>kveis \u003c/em>or “uneasiness following debauchery,” and the Greek \u003cem>algia, \u003c/em>otherwise known as “pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you probably just call it a hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The helpful PR coordinators at the American College of Physicians resent information about a review, published back in 2000, titled simply \u003ca title=\"The Alcohol Hangover\" href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3\" target=\"_blank\">The Alcohol Hangover\u003c/a>. “More than 4700 articles have been written about alcohol intoxication (from 1965 to 1999), but only 108 have addressed alcohol hangover,” the researchers, all at UC San Francisco at the time, wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you probably don’t care about how much research has been done, you just want to know how many drinks cause a hangover.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s get to it:\u003cspan id=\"more-16926\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>For men, a dose of “five to seven standard cocktails” consumed over a four-to-six-hour period, is “almost always followed by hangover symptoms.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For women, the dose is three to five drinks. Women feel the effects of alcohol on a smaller dose not because they are smaller (in general) than men, but because they \u003ca title=\"Alcohol Metabolism--Alcohol Alert No. 35\" href=\"http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa35.htm\" target=\"_blank\">metabolize alcohol\u003c/a> differently.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the purposes of their review, the researchers defined a hangover as having at least two of the following not-so-surprising symptoms: headache, “poor sense of overall well-being” (in other words, feeling crappy), diarrhea, anorexia, tremulousness, fatigue, nausea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the researchers had trouble defining was how a hangover happens. There are theories, but no one is sure. The researchers dismissed the popular idea that a hangover is caused by “alcohol withdrawal.” The researchers say that the physical changes in a hangover are different from those that happen when a chronic alcohol abuser stops drinking alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, a hangover is not “solely dose-related,” the researchers wrote, although the more alcohol a person drinks, the more severe the symptoms might be. Some possible culprits as to a hangover’s pain include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Congeners: this byproduct in many dark liquors — such as brandy, tequila, wine and whiskey — can increase the “frequency and severity of hangover,” the researchers reported. Conversely, clear liquors such as rum, vodka and gin generally cause hangover less frequently and could explain why people with more severe alcoholism favor these liquors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Acetaldehyde: this is a byproduct of alcohol metabolism and can contribute to hangover symptoms\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Treating the Hangover: No Easy Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcohol consumption promotes excessive urination, out of proportion to the liquid consumed. That sets you up for dehydration, but as the alcohol wears off, a hormone that limits urination increases. Drinking water can help, but “in our clinical experience, hydration attenuates but does not completely relieve hangover symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So drinking water is not a big help (although being well-hydrated with water can help you avoid or reduce a hangover).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some evidence showed that people who took tolfenamic acid when they were consuming the alcohol had fewer hangover symptoms. Tolfenamic acid is an “NSAID,” a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It’s not sold in the U.S. (apparently available in Britain; very helpful). “Other non steroidal agents are frequently used to treat hangover symptoms but have not been studied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because no other NSAIDs have been studied, I can’t give you names of drugs that could treat hangover symptoms, but I can suggest what you should avoid. In general,\u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm239747.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> do not take acetaminophen\u003c/a> — brand name Tylenol — when you drink alcohol. The combination can cause severe liver damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study showed taking vitamin B6 before, during and after drinking alcohol reduced hangover symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My colleagues at KQED Science have \u003ca title=\"How Science Can Help Prevent a (Bad) Hangover\" href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/how-science-can-help-prevent-a-bad-hangover/\" target=\"_blank\">a helpful story with more tips on avoiding a hangover\u003c/a> (or at least a bad hangover).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hangover Carries Its Own Health Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised to learn that the hangover is about more than just feeling yucky. The researchers quantified costs in impaired job performance, but the hangover patient is at increased risk of injury because of “diminished visual-spatial skills and dexterity \u003cem>even after alcohol can no longer be detected in the blood\u003c/em>” (emphasis mine). Visual-spatial skills are what you need when you’re driving or operating any heavy machinery. Use caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note to anyone who is Tahoe-bound for the New Year’s holiday: Skiers may also be at higher risk of injury due to the hangover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also troubling is that hangover puts stress on the heart. People with a hangover have an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. There is some evidence that people suffering from a hangover are at increased risk of dying from a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Hangover Through the Ages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers opened their review by citing the Bible: “Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, that they may follow strong drink.” (Isaiah 5:11) and closed by citing Homer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Hangover’s historical past may predict its future. Homer provided one of the first descriptions of the disorder. A companion of Odysseus, Elpenor, awoke from a drunken sleep, sprang up, and jumped off a roof, falling to his death (\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">62\u003c/a>–\u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=713513&resultClick=3#r62-8\">63\u003c/a>). Of interest, Elpenor “returned from the dead, begging Odysseus to bury his body,” a sentiment we have often heard echoed by patients with hangover. The most extreme form of hangover, a psychiatric dissociation characterized by irrational behavior, has since become known as the Elpenor syndrome.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Happy New Year! Drink wisely.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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