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"content": "\u003cp>It’s almond season in the Central Valley, when loud mechanical harvesters with long arms grip and shake the trees, knocking down the nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the process also sends up huge dust clouds. Farm machines and trucks make multiple trips on dirt roads between fields, and that creates dust, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has been contributing to a dust bowl in Central Valley farm country. The dust, in turn, exacerbates the region's high rates of asthma. To keep dust down, farmers usually use a watering truck, spraying the roads to knock down the dust and comply with air pollution rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, in the fourth year of a crippling drought, the approach is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the job of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District to oversee dust rules, and the district’s Ryan Hyashi says farmers have been very responsive. Now the district is trying to balance competing tensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s potable water that they’re usually putting on these roads,\" Hyashi says. \"People don’t have water to drink, and we’re putting it on roadways. It sends a poor message\u003cstrong>.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220309181\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the air district is encouraging farmers to limit access to dirt roads, or cover them with things like gravel. If those options won’t work, farmers can now \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/busind/comply/AssistanceDocuments/Dust_Control_Agricultural_Advisory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sign up for a program\u003c/a> to avoid enforcement penalties as long as they meet certain requirements, such as not being within 1,000 feet of a school or hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Farmers] want to do their part and be good stewards,” says Hayashi. But if there's no water for dust control, they may “just have no alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But air quality advocates say the air district is essentially giving farmers a free pass to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we see any relaxation in the rules, we get very nervous,\" says Kevin Hamilton, with the Central California Asthma Collaborative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we're talking, Hamilton watches a cloud of dust billow up on a farm road west of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/IMG_6792-e1440192126284.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-65299\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/IMG_6792-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Respiratory therapist Kevin Hamilton stands near an unplanted field on a dusty farm road west of Fresno.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Respiratory therapist Kevin Hamilton stands near an unplanted field on a dusty farm road west of Fresno. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"So here goes another truck with more dust coming up,\" he says. \"This is dangerous stuff. This is actually a health hazard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamilton treats patients for asthma and says this kind of dust can travel for miles, ending up in people’s lungs. He criticized air regulators not only for the new dust guidelines, but also that they’re allowing \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/faq/waterwelldrillingfaq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">well-drilling rigs\u003c/a> from out of state that may have dirtier engines than California trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I understand that we’re in an emergency,\" he says, \"but we’ve all fought so long to begin making progress here -- and I feel we are making progress. At this moment, it feels like we’re going to go backward again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few miles away, farmer Paul Betancourt says he doesn’t want his family breathing dusty air either. But he also doesn’t want the dust on his almond trees because it can cause mites. Watering down the roads on his farm, he says, means he uses fewer pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to use less chemicals on the farm,\" Betancourt says. \"You want us to use less chemicals on the farm. But in a year like this, when we’re really short of water, it’s balancing out how to keep the dust down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betancourt’s almond farm near the Fresno County town of Kerman has very fine, silty soil. For now, Betancourt says as long as he has water in his well, he’ll still periodically spray down the roads. Gravel is too expensive, and road oil just doesn’t work, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to use the water carefully and keep the dust down,” Betancourt said. “At this point, it’s still the most cost-effective way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doesn’t plan to apply for the air district’s emergency drought relief programs. Farmers who do can avoid using water to control dust through Nov. 1. After that, the valley’s particulate matter season starts, and the air district says it will require farmers to use water to spray down roads again.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s almond season in the Central Valley, when loud mechanical harvesters with long arms grip and shake the trees, knocking down the nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the process also sends up huge dust clouds. Farm machines and trucks make multiple trips on dirt roads between fields, and that creates dust, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has been contributing to a dust bowl in Central Valley farm country. The dust, in turn, exacerbates the region's high rates of asthma. To keep dust down, farmers usually use a watering truck, spraying the roads to knock down the dust and comply with air pollution rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, in the fourth year of a crippling drought, the approach is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the job of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District to oversee dust rules, and the district’s Ryan Hyashi says farmers have been very responsive. Now the district is trying to balance competing tensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s potable water that they’re usually putting on these roads,\" Hyashi says. \"People don’t have water to drink, and we’re putting it on roadways. It sends a poor message\u003cstrong>.\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220309181&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220309181'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the air district is encouraging farmers to limit access to dirt roads, or cover them with things like gravel. If those options won’t work, farmers can now \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/busind/comply/AssistanceDocuments/Dust_Control_Agricultural_Advisory.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sign up for a program\u003c/a> to avoid enforcement penalties as long as they meet certain requirements, such as not being within 1,000 feet of a school or hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Farmers] want to do their part and be good stewards,” says Hayashi. But if there's no water for dust control, they may “just have no alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But air quality advocates say the air district is essentially giving farmers a free pass to pollute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we see any relaxation in the rules, we get very nervous,\" says Kevin Hamilton, with the Central California Asthma Collaborative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we're talking, Hamilton watches a cloud of dust billow up on a farm road west of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_65299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/IMG_6792-e1440192126284.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-65299\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/08/IMG_6792-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Respiratory therapist Kevin Hamilton stands near an unplanted field on a dusty farm road west of Fresno.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Respiratory therapist Kevin Hamilton stands near an unplanted field on a dusty farm road west of Fresno. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"So here goes another truck with more dust coming up,\" he says. \"This is dangerous stuff. This is actually a health hazard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamilton treats patients for asthma and says this kind of dust can travel for miles, ending up in people’s lungs. He criticized air regulators not only for the new dust guidelines, but also that they’re allowing \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/faq/waterwelldrillingfaq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">well-drilling rigs\u003c/a> from out of state that may have dirtier engines than California trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I understand that we’re in an emergency,\" he says, \"but we’ve all fought so long to begin making progress here -- and I feel we are making progress. At this moment, it feels like we’re going to go backward again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few miles away, farmer Paul Betancourt says he doesn’t want his family breathing dusty air either. But he also doesn’t want the dust on his almond trees because it can cause mites. Watering down the roads on his farm, he says, means he uses fewer pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to use less chemicals on the farm,\" Betancourt says. \"You want us to use less chemicals on the farm. But in a year like this, when we’re really short of water, it’s balancing out how to keep the dust down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Betancourt’s almond farm near the Fresno County town of Kerman has very fine, silty soil. For now, Betancourt says as long as he has water in his well, he’ll still periodically spray down the roads. Gravel is too expensive, and road oil just doesn’t work, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to use the water carefully and keep the dust down,” Betancourt said. “At this point, it’s still the most cost-effective way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doesn’t plan to apply for the air district’s emergency drought relief programs. Farmers who do can avoid using water to control dust through Nov. 1. After that, the valley’s particulate matter season starts, and the air district says it will require farmers to use water to spray down roads again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Create Vomiting Machine to Learn How Norovirus Spreads",
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"content": "\u003cp>Norovirus is a huge public health problem, sickening \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks.html\">as many as 21 million people a year\u003c/a> in the U.S. But for all the gastric distress it causes, there are still some basic, unanswered questions about the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One biggie: When an ill person vomits, does norovirus become aerosolized? That is, can an ill person's vomiting launch tiny viral particles into the air, where they might waft into your mouth or onto surfaces that you would later touch?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill.\u003ccite>Centers for Disease Prevention and Control\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you're now grossed out, you have good reason. Studies of the infection patterns that occur in outbreaks suggest that norovirus can indeed be aerosolized. And now there's some experimental evidence to add to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at North Carolina State and Wake Forest universities wanted to know what happens to norovirus when it's vomited out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We first talked to a gastroenterologist and looked through the literature about what's known about vomiting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://fbns.ncsu.edu/faculty-directory/lee-ann-jaykus/\">Lee-Ann Jaykus\u003c/a>, a food microbiologist at N.C. State and an author of the study. Not as much as you might think, it turns out. So the researchers worked with a civil engineer to construct a one-quarter scale vomiting device based on what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> known about pressure, volume and other vomit metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device allowed the researchers to control the volume, viscosity and pressure of the simulated vomiting incidents. Jell-O instant pudding was added to make the lab vomit thicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they ran a series of experiments, changing the variables to simulate a range of vomiting behavior. They even ran one series of incidents with post-vomit retches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-28726\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"The vomit machine and vomit chamber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vomit machine and vomit chamber. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Grace Tung-Thompson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though they conducted the experiments in a sealed Plexiglas box under a biosafety hood, norovirus was still too dangerous to use. A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/hcp/clinical-overview.html\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the researchers enlisted a harmless stand-in, a bacteriophage that is often used in place of norovirus in experiments. Only a fraction of virus particles were aerosolized during a typical vomiting incident. But there were definitely enough to make you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134277\">appear\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS ONE\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900175\">recent study\u003c/a> collected air samples from eight health care facilities during norovirus outbreaks and found viral particles outside patient rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Taken together, they start to paint a pretty good picture of why norovirus is so atrociously infectious,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u0028338\">Andrew Pavia\u003c/a>, chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah and a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, though the researchers did their best to simulate human vomiting, they didn't do a complete mock-up of the human digestive system. (A robot named \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/01/04/168608466/as-norovirus-rages-a-robot-named-vomiting-larry-gets-a-closeup\">Vomiting Larry\u003c/a> is more anatomically accurate, but is less precise with regard to pressure, says Pavia.) And while the bacteriophage was chosen because of its similarity to norovirus, it may not behave the same way when aerosolized, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">@katherinehobson\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Create+Vomiting+Machine+To+Learn+How+Norovirus+Spreads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Norovirus is a huge public health problem, sickening \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks.html\">as many as 21 million people a year\u003c/a> in the U.S. But for all the gastric distress it causes, there are still some basic, unanswered questions about the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One biggie: When an ill person vomits, does norovirus become aerosolized? That is, can an ill person's vomiting launch tiny viral particles into the air, where they might waft into your mouth or onto surfaces that you would later touch?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill.\u003ccite>Centers for Disease Prevention and Control\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you're now grossed out, you have good reason. Studies of the infection patterns that occur in outbreaks suggest that norovirus can indeed be aerosolized. And now there's some experimental evidence to add to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at North Carolina State and Wake Forest universities wanted to know what happens to norovirus when it's vomited out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We first talked to a gastroenterologist and looked through the literature about what's known about vomiting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://fbns.ncsu.edu/faculty-directory/lee-ann-jaykus/\">Lee-Ann Jaykus\u003c/a>, a food microbiologist at N.C. State and an author of the study. Not as much as you might think, it turns out. So the researchers worked with a civil engineer to construct a one-quarter scale vomiting device based on what \u003cem>is\u003c/em> known about pressure, volume and other vomit metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device allowed the researchers to control the volume, viscosity and pressure of the simulated vomiting incidents. Jell-O instant pudding was added to make the lab vomit thicker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they ran a series of experiments, changing the variables to simulate a range of vomiting behavior. They even ran one series of incidents with post-vomit retches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-28726\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"The vomit machine and vomit chamber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/vomit-machine-1_custom-aa79d2130a323c615c415048d9e664e284beeeea-s800-c85-400x248.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vomit machine and vomit chamber. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Grace Tung-Thompson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though they conducted the experiments in a sealed Plexiglas box under a biosafety hood, norovirus was still too dangerous to use. A person sick with norovirus can spread billions of infectious particles, and only 18 are enough to make another person ill, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/hcp/clinical-overview.html\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the researchers enlisted a harmless stand-in, a bacteriophage that is often used in place of norovirus in experiments. Only a fraction of virus particles were aerosolized during a typical vomiting incident. But there were definitely enough to make you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0134277\">appear\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>PLOS ONE\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25900175\">recent study\u003c/a> collected air samples from eight health care facilities during norovirus outbreaks and found viral particles outside patient rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Taken together, they start to paint a pretty good picture of why norovirus is so atrociously infectious,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u0028338\">Andrew Pavia\u003c/a>, chief of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Utah and a spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, though the researchers did their best to simulate human vomiting, they didn't do a complete mock-up of the human digestive system. (A robot named \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/01/04/168608466/as-norovirus-rages-a-robot-named-vomiting-larry-gets-a-closeup\">Vomiting Larry\u003c/a> is more anatomically accurate, but is less precise with regard to pressure, says Pavia.) And while the bacteriophage was chosen because of its similarity to norovirus, it may not behave the same way when aerosolized, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Katherine Hobson is a freelance health and science writer based in Brooklyn, N.Y. She's on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katherinehobson\">@katherinehobson\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Create+Vomiting+Machine+To+Learn+How+Norovirus+Spreads&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "This Robo Eye Doctor May Help Patients With Diabetes Keep Sight",
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"headTitle": "Diabetes Management | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Would you trust an algorithm to make a medical diagnosis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past six months, hundreds of the most talented data scientists from all over the world\u003ca href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection\">entered a competition\u003c/a>, sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Healthcare Foundation\u003c/a>, to build just such an algorithm. The winner, Benjamin Graham, a professor of statistics from the University of Warwick, developed a computer program that rivaled human experts in identifying signs of diabetic retinopathy from an eye scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say this could have major implications for the 347 million people who have diabetes worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy affects 40 to 45 percent of people with diabetes. Without treatment, it often leads to severe vision loss. Early detection can make a huge difference, and an algorithm could step in where resources are scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"At some point in the near future we’ll be limited less by what technology can do and more by people’s willingness to trust it.”\u003ccite>Anthony Goldbloom,\u003cbr>\nCEO, Kaggle\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"There has been this dream in our community to develop an algorithm that can read images of the retina,\" said Jorge Cuadros. He's a clinical professor in the department of optometry at the University of California, Berkeley, and the CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eyepacs.org/home\">Eyepacs\u003c/a>, a clinical application for exchanging eye-related information. Cuadros has been exploring algorithms and their utility for diabetic retinopathy for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cuadros, connecting patients with diabetes to the right treatment has proven to be an ongoing public health challenge, particularly in rural and low-income communities. Among other things, he added, a computer algorithm could do the vital work of \"triaging\" by prioritizing the patients most at risk of the disease, when there's a giant pile of eye scans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The algorithm could also help human specialists avoid making mistakes. Graham's winning algorithm had an \"agreement rate\" that was roughly 10 percent higher than a human-only approach. What this means is that the algorithm and a human expert were more likely to agree on a diagnosis than two human experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At some point in the near future we'll be limited less by what technology can do and more by people's willingness to trust it,\" said Anthony Goldbloom, cofounder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kaggle.com\">Kaggle\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based web startup that hosted the competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Smarter than Humans \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuadros had his doubts when he initially learned about the competition, which kicked off in February of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28014\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-28014\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Goldbloom is cofounder and CEO of Kaggle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Goldbloom is cofounder and CEO of Kaggle. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I wondered whether an algorithm could be as good as a human,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new wave of tools had emerged in recent years that use sophisticated machine-learning technology for medical diagnosis. In recent years, startups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.enlitic.com/\">Entilic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cellscope.com/\">Cellscope\u003c/a> have developed sophisticated technology to find signs of diseases like cancer from patients' medical images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Cuadros, through his work at Eyepacs, agreed to provide thousands of anonymous eye scans to the data scientists. These images had already been graded by one or more human experts as sight-threatening or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham differentiated between the scans by leveraging neural networks, a branch of machine-learning that teaches a computer to map the function of the brain. \"The winner applied this technique to develop the algorithm in ways that would not have been possible five years ago,\" said Goldbloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cuadros, human specialists get it right about 90 percent of the time. The error rate is in often due to tiredness or problems with the quality of the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What was so amazing is that there was a very high correlation between the algorithm and the human experts,\" Cuadros said. \"But when there was a disagreement, sometimes the algorithm got it right and the humans were wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next for the Algorithm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New programs have \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/projects/2009/diabetic-retinopathy-screening\">p\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/projects/2009/diabetic-retinopathy-screening\">opped up\u003c/a> in rural parts of California in recent years to incorporate screening into primary care visits, with results interpreted remotely by ophthalmologists via an eye scan. One immediate use for the algorithm is to notify photographers in real-time whether they need to retake the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-28015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-800x600.png\" alt=\"An illustration depicting diabetic retinopathy\" width=\"398\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-960x720.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration depicting diabetic retinopathy ne immediate use for the algorithm is to notify photographers or clinicians when they should retake the eye-scan in real-time. \u003ccite>( Blausen.com staff / Wikiversity Journal of Medicine )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it remains to be seen whether the algorithm will make its way into clinical practice as a diagnostic tool that will replace or support human specialists. The next step is a more formal clinical trial to convince other decision-makers in the medical community. The trial will include 1,000 patients and will kick off later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuadros hopes the algorithm may ultimately prove useful in places where \"virtually zero percent of patients with diabetes get retinal exams.\" In North Africa, for instance, nonprofit groups are leveraging telemedicine services so providers anywhere in the world can look at people's eye scans. But the limiting factor is that a high-quality Internet connection is required. \"In future, these clinics would only need the algorithm and an inexpensive retinal camera,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, the algorithm could potentially alert a human specialist to look more closely at one scan over another. It may also be useful in nudging primary care providers when a patient needs to see a retinal specialist immediately, rather than a regular eye doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory climate is far more tricky in the U.S., Cuadros said, as there are barriers to computers performing eye exams without a human specialist present. \"Unless this policy changes,\" he said, \"there will be fewer incentives for clinics to rely on the algorithm.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some of the world's most talented data scientists participated in a competition to develop a computer program that could identify signs of diabetic retinopathy from an eye scan.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Would you trust an algorithm to make a medical diagnosis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past six months, hundreds of the most talented data scientists from all over the world\u003ca href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kaggle.com/c/diabetic-retinopathy-detection\">entered a competition\u003c/a>, sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Healthcare Foundation\u003c/a>, to build just such an algorithm. The winner, Benjamin Graham, a professor of statistics from the University of Warwick, developed a computer program that rivaled human experts in identifying signs of diabetic retinopathy from an eye scan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health experts say this could have major implications for the 347 million people who have diabetes worldwide. Diabetic retinopathy affects 40 to 45 percent of people with diabetes. Without treatment, it often leads to severe vision loss. Early detection can make a huge difference, and an algorithm could step in where resources are scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"At some point in the near future we’ll be limited less by what technology can do and more by people’s willingness to trust it.”\u003ccite>Anthony Goldbloom,\u003cbr>\nCEO, Kaggle\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"There has been this dream in our community to develop an algorithm that can read images of the retina,\" said Jorge Cuadros. He's a clinical professor in the department of optometry at the University of California, Berkeley, and the CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eyepacs.org/home\">Eyepacs\u003c/a>, a clinical application for exchanging eye-related information. Cuadros has been exploring algorithms and their utility for diabetic retinopathy for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cuadros, connecting patients with diabetes to the right treatment has proven to be an ongoing public health challenge, particularly in rural and low-income communities. Among other things, he added, a computer algorithm could do the vital work of \"triaging\" by prioritizing the patients most at risk of the disease, when there's a giant pile of eye scans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The algorithm could also help human specialists avoid making mistakes. Graham's winning algorithm had an \"agreement rate\" that was roughly 10 percent higher than a human-only approach. What this means is that the algorithm and a human expert were more likely to agree on a diagnosis than two human experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At some point in the near future we'll be limited less by what technology can do and more by people's willingness to trust it,\" said Anthony Goldbloom, cofounder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kaggle.com\">Kaggle\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based web startup that hosted the competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">Smarter than Humans \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuadros had his doubts when he initially learned about the competition, which kicked off in February of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28014\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-28014\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Anthony Goldbloom is cofounder and CEO of Kaggle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/goldbloom-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Goldbloom is cofounder and CEO of Kaggle. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I wondered whether an algorithm could be as good as a human,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new wave of tools had emerged in recent years that use sophisticated machine-learning technology for medical diagnosis. In recent years, startups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.enlitic.com/\">Entilic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cellscope.com/\">Cellscope\u003c/a> have developed sophisticated technology to find signs of diseases like cancer from patients' medical images.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Cuadros, through his work at Eyepacs, agreed to provide thousands of anonymous eye scans to the data scientists. These images had already been graded by one or more human experts as sight-threatening or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham differentiated between the scans by leveraging neural networks, a branch of machine-learning that teaches a computer to map the function of the brain. \"The winner applied this technique to develop the algorithm in ways that would not have been possible five years ago,\" said Goldbloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Cuadros, human specialists get it right about 90 percent of the time. The error rate is in often due to tiredness or problems with the quality of the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What was so amazing is that there was a very high correlation between the algorithm and the human experts,\" Cuadros said. \"But when there was a disagreement, sometimes the algorithm got it right and the humans were wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's Next for the Algorithm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New programs have \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/projects/2009/diabetic-retinopathy-screening\">p\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/projects/2009/diabetic-retinopathy-screening\">opped up\u003c/a> in rural parts of California in recent years to incorporate screening into primary care visits, with results interpreted remotely by ophthalmologists via an eye scan. One immediate use for the algorithm is to notify photographers in real-time whether they need to retake the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 398px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-28015\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-800x600.png\" alt=\"An illustration depicting diabetic retinopathy\" width=\"398\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-800x600.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-400x300.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy-960x720.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Blausen_0312_DiabeticRetinopathy.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 398px) 100vw, 398px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration depicting diabetic retinopathy ne immediate use for the algorithm is to notify photographers or clinicians when they should retake the eye-scan in real-time. \u003ccite>( Blausen.com staff / Wikiversity Journal of Medicine )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it remains to be seen whether the algorithm will make its way into clinical practice as a diagnostic tool that will replace or support human specialists. The next step is a more formal clinical trial to convince other decision-makers in the medical community. The trial will include 1,000 patients and will kick off later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuadros hopes the algorithm may ultimately prove useful in places where \"virtually zero percent of patients with diabetes get retinal exams.\" In North Africa, for instance, nonprofit groups are leveraging telemedicine services so providers anywhere in the world can look at people's eye scans. But the limiting factor is that a high-quality Internet connection is required. \"In future, these clinics would only need the algorithm and an inexpensive retinal camera,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, the algorithm could potentially alert a human specialist to look more closely at one scan over another. It may also be useful in nudging primary care providers when a patient needs to see a retinal specialist immediately, rather than a regular eye doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulatory climate is far more tricky in the U.S., Cuadros said, as there are barriers to computers performing eye exams without a human specialist present. \"Unless this policy changes,\" he said, \"there will be fewer incentives for clinics to rely on the algorithm.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How San Diego is Using Big Data to Improve Public Health",
"title": "How San Diego is Using Big Data to Improve Public Health",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>In San Diego, a conflict is brewing over a proposal to build a dense residential development in a rural part of the county. The developer has permission to build 110 homes, but has requested to build 1,706 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict pits the county’s goals for healthier urban growth—concentrating development to cut commute times, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lower wildfire risks—against a proposal for LEED-certified buildings and a water recycling plant to service the new development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These developments continue to be proposed and approved with only minimal ability to evaluate their impact on health and quality of life overall,” says Kevin Patrick, director of the Center for Wireless Health at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"This is going to give us an opportunity to see things we hadn’t thought of.”\u003ccite>Dr. Leslie Ray,\u003cbr>\nSenior Epidemiologist, City of San Diego\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Patrick intends to change that. He’s working on a project that, if successful, would give city officials the ability to forecast the consequences of a given development “like the weather,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick is working with a team of data scientists, physicians, and government officials to conduct an experiment called “Big Data and a Culture of Health,” and it could be the future of public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting Health \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County’s public health department has been collecting “big data” on health-related issues for years. The information is available to residents via a user-friendly website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a combination of research from marketing companies, mobile health apps, and their own demographic data, the county has information on everything from where in San Diego people eat the most vegetables, who watches “smart” TV versus old-fashioned cable, and where diabetes and Alzheimer’s are most prevalent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have already used these data to make positive changes, through the county’s LiveWell public health initiative. The Chula Vista elementary school district saw it had some of the highest childhood obesity rates in San Diego county, and started a program of increased physical activity and healthier meals for kids in every grade. The initiative worked: the number of overweight students has decreased five percent since 2010 .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the “Big Data and a Culture of Health” project, led by Dr. Steven Woolf of Virginia Commonwealth University in collaboration with Patrick and San Diego county, is designed to go beyond straight-forward correlations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, researchers are overlaying all the datasets together, and using new computing and data visualizing techniques to tease out correlations they weren’t looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any new public policy will have health effects, Patrick says, even a new bus route or jobs program. But it can be hard to understand, let alone predict, the effects a new transportation policy or major housing development will have. That’s what the new project is designed to help do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27938\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 776px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-27938\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-776x600.jpg\" alt=\"This map of chronic disease death rates correlated with health behaviors by region shows the kind of data work San Diego had already done, before the new project.\" width=\"776\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-776x600.jpg 776w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-1920x1484.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map of chronic disease death rates correlated with health behaviors by region shows the kind of data work San Diego had already done, before the new project. \u003ccite>(County of San Diego)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is going to give us an opportunity to see things we hadn’t thought of,” says Dr. Leslie Ray, San Diego’s senior epidemiologist. “Once you have a disease, you’re already in my database and I can figure out a lot about you. But if I know what is correlated with the disease before you get it, that’s the phase I’m looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data model will help her department anticipate resident’s health issues before they emerge, Ray says. “We can predict before early disease begins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Data, Citywide Benefits \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the project’s guiding principles of the project is that researchers will focus their efforts on on what county officials and local leaders think is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Alzheimer’s is the third leading cause of death in the region—much higher than the rest of the country, where it’s the sixth leading cause . Dianne Jacobs, chair of the county Board of Supervisors, has made it a priority to figure out why. So investigating what factors are correlated with Alzheimer’s will be one of the project’s tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the data become more refined, citizens will have to decide how much privacy they are willing to trade for big or small health improvements. All the health and demographic information the project uses now is anonymous, and the health records aren’t linked to exactly where people live, just their region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the future the doctors hope to work with health data precisely linked to where people live, and it’s easy to imagine how anonymous records could be put together to identify an individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf knows the potential for individual profiling concerns people, but it could have significant benefits, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody in the public obviously is very worried about data privacy,” he says, but “if they understand some of the benefits they might appreciate why we’re thinking about things like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27940\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-27940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-800x306.jpg\" alt=\"San Diego offers many opportunities for healthy, outdoor activities.\" width=\"800\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-800x306.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-400x153.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-1180x452.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-1920x735.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-960x367.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Diego offers many opportunities for healthy, outdoor activities. \u003ccite>(Michael Seljos/Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, he says, when a patient with asthma visits their doctor, the physician could pull up their electronic medical record and see not only the patient’s labs and x-rays, but also pull up how close they are to the freeway, and what resources are available in their neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those kinds of capacities exist, and are part of the future,” Woolf says. Advertisers are already using them to understand your shopping habits, he points out, so why shouldn’t your doctor use them to help improve your health?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Diego County: A Petri Dish\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County has several unique attributes that Woolf and Patrick say made it the perfect location for this experiment. It’s roughly equivalent to the U.S. overall in terms of demographics, socioeconomic status, and age, he says, and it’s contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the ocean to the west, the desert to the east, Mexico to the south and Camp Pendleton to the north, so we're kind of this buffered community,” Patrick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even more importantly, according to Woolf, is the fact that the county government has already identified health goals for the whole population, invested in a community-wide public health initiative, and gathered and made available the data that makes the whole project possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of community investment doesn't exist everywhere,” says Woolf. Although he hopes someday, it will.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In San Diego, a conflict is brewing over a proposal to build a dense residential development in a rural part of the county. The developer has permission to build 110 homes, but has requested to build 1,706 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict pits the county’s goals for healthier urban growth—concentrating development to cut commute times, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and lower wildfire risks—against a proposal for LEED-certified buildings and a water recycling plant to service the new development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These developments continue to be proposed and approved with only minimal ability to evaluate their impact on health and quality of life overall,” says Kevin Patrick, director of the Center for Wireless Health at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"This is going to give us an opportunity to see things we hadn’t thought of.”\u003ccite>Dr. Leslie Ray,\u003cbr>\nSenior Epidemiologist, City of San Diego\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Patrick intends to change that. He’s working on a project that, if successful, would give city officials the ability to forecast the consequences of a given development “like the weather,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick is working with a team of data scientists, physicians, and government officials to conduct an experiment called “Big Data and a Culture of Health,” and it could be the future of public policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting Health \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County’s public health department has been collecting “big data” on health-related issues for years. The information is available to residents via a user-friendly website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a combination of research from marketing companies, mobile health apps, and their own demographic data, the county has information on everything from where in San Diego people eat the most vegetables, who watches “smart” TV versus old-fashioned cable, and where diabetes and Alzheimer’s are most prevalent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have already used these data to make positive changes, through the county’s LiveWell public health initiative. The Chula Vista elementary school district saw it had some of the highest childhood obesity rates in San Diego county, and started a program of increased physical activity and healthier meals for kids in every grade. The initiative worked: the number of overweight students has decreased five percent since 2010 .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the “Big Data and a Culture of Health” project, led by Dr. Steven Woolf of Virginia Commonwealth University in collaboration with Patrick and San Diego county, is designed to go beyond straight-forward correlations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, researchers are overlaying all the datasets together, and using new computing and data visualizing techniques to tease out correlations they weren’t looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any new public policy will have health effects, Patrick says, even a new bus route or jobs program. But it can be hard to understand, let alone predict, the effects a new transportation policy or major housing development will have. That’s what the new project is designed to help do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27938\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 776px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-27938\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-776x600.jpg\" alt=\"This map of chronic disease death rates correlated with health behaviors by region shows the kind of data work San Diego had already done, before the new project.\" width=\"776\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-776x600.jpg 776w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-1920x1484.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Diabetes-and-Exercise-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map of chronic disease death rates correlated with health behaviors by region shows the kind of data work San Diego had already done, before the new project. \u003ccite>(County of San Diego)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is going to give us an opportunity to see things we hadn’t thought of,” says Dr. Leslie Ray, San Diego’s senior epidemiologist. “Once you have a disease, you’re already in my database and I can figure out a lot about you. But if I know what is correlated with the disease before you get it, that’s the phase I’m looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data model will help her department anticipate resident’s health issues before they emerge, Ray says. “We can predict before early disease begins.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Data, Citywide Benefits \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the project’s guiding principles of the project is that researchers will focus their efforts on on what county officials and local leaders think is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Alzheimer’s is the third leading cause of death in the region—much higher than the rest of the country, where it’s the sixth leading cause . Dianne Jacobs, chair of the county Board of Supervisors, has made it a priority to figure out why. So investigating what factors are correlated with Alzheimer’s will be one of the project’s tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the data become more refined, citizens will have to decide how much privacy they are willing to trade for big or small health improvements. All the health and demographic information the project uses now is anonymous, and the health records aren’t linked to exactly where people live, just their region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the future the doctors hope to work with health data precisely linked to where people live, and it’s easy to imagine how anonymous records could be put together to identify an individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woolf knows the potential for individual profiling concerns people, but it could have significant benefits, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody in the public obviously is very worried about data privacy,” he says, but “if they understand some of the benefits they might appreciate why we’re thinking about things like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27940\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-27940\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-800x306.jpg\" alt=\"San Diego offers many opportunities for healthy, outdoor activities.\" width=\"800\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-800x306.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-400x153.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-1180x452.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-1920x735.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/San_Diego_Harbor-960x367.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Diego offers many opportunities for healthy, outdoor activities. \u003ccite>(Michael Seljos/Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, he says, when a patient with asthma visits their doctor, the physician could pull up their electronic medical record and see not only the patient’s labs and x-rays, but also pull up how close they are to the freeway, and what resources are available in their neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those kinds of capacities exist, and are part of the future,” Woolf says. Advertisers are already using them to understand your shopping habits, he points out, so why shouldn’t your doctor use them to help improve your health?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Diego County: A Petri Dish\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County has several unique attributes that Woolf and Patrick say made it the perfect location for this experiment. It’s roughly equivalent to the U.S. overall in terms of demographics, socioeconomic status, and age, he says, and it’s contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the ocean to the west, the desert to the east, Mexico to the south and Camp Pendleton to the north, so we're kind of this buffered community,” Patrick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even more importantly, according to Woolf, is the fact that the county government has already identified health goals for the whole population, invested in a community-wide public health initiative, and gathered and made available the data that makes the whole project possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new fast food chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatsa.com\">Eatsa \u003c/a>aims to deliver a healthy, tasty meal for under $10. The catch? Meat-lovers will need to forgo burgers and carnitas burritos in favor of quinoa, a protein-filled grain crop that looks a bit like couscous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, I stopped by the downtown San Francisco location (\u003cem>121 Spear Street\u003c/em>) for a tour of the facility before its official opening on August 31st. What immediately stood out to me is the clean look of the place, which resembles an Apple Store in its design, with the row of white tablet devices where diners can place their order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eatsa is the latest restaurant to experiment with virtual alternatives to wait staff. After you place an order at a kiosk, you pick it up a few minutes later behind a glass door or \"cubby.\" The only humans in sight are the concierges, who can answer questions that you may have about the software, and the dozen or so staff in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, restaurants are looking for innovative ways to keep humans out of the picture. But what's unique about Eatsa is the focus on health and taste. It's a fully-automated experience, so Eatsa can afford to offer high-quality food for less. Workers'\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/minimum-wage-offensive-could-speed-arrival-of-robot-powered-restaurants/2015/08/16/35f284ea-3f6f-11e5-8d45-d815146f81fa_story.html\"> salaries account for about 30 percent\u003c/a> of the restaurant industry's costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team spent over two years rigorously testing the texture of the sauces and the grain to optimize the taste. Eatsa will also offer a range of beverages, which are sugar-free or low in sugar. Eatsa plans to open two more locations in the coming months, including a restaurant in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Healthy by Accident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27256\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27256\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg\" alt=\"What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \" width=\"370\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg 763w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-400x315.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1180x928.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1920x1510.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eatsa's team, led by Scott Drummond and Tim Young, are hoping to attract health-conscious types with its hearty salads and quinoa bowls stuffed with green beans, avocado, and root vegetables. The average meal will set you back about 500 calories, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/22/upshot/what-2000-calories-looks-like.html?_r=0\">which is far lower than most fast food alternatives.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also has its eye on busy professionals in the Financial District who don't particularly care about eating healthy, but are looking for a quick and tasty meal that will last them through dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to help people get healthy almost by accident,\" said Dave Friedberg, the chief executive officer of \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.com/\">Climate Corp,\u003c/a> a Monsanto-owned company, who is one of Eatsa's main backers. On the side, Friedberg has invested in a number of Bay Area-based food-technology startups, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a>, which is developing an egg-free egg white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Friedberg, a meal is slightly cheaper than Chipotle, which may appeal to cash-strapped people who work in the area (in fact, the price of a burrito bowl and quinoa bowl are roughly equitable at just under $7, although the latter contains about half the calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Quinoa is definitely one of those foods that has become really popular lately, but this one actually has some real science behind it,\" said Jennifer Gibson, a San Francisco-based nutritionist who works at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida\u003c/a>, a health coaching app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27255\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \" width=\"390\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Quinoa is a complete protein, meaning it contains the nine amino acids our body needs. It's also gluten free, and has a low \u003ca href=\"http://www.glycemicindex.com/\">glycemic index\u003c/a> compared to a lot of other grains. \"Let's put it this way,\" said Gibson. \"It's one of the few foods I would bring to the desert island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all sounds well and good, but I have been feeling guilty \u003cspan class=\"s1\">about eating quinoa since \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2013. A series of articles claimed that global demand for the superfood had put it out of reach for those living closest to where it's traditionally been grown.\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/16/202737139/is-our-love-of-quinoa-hurting-or-helping-farmers-who-grow-it\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">NPR interviewed farmers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> in subsequent months who denied that they could no longer afford the staple crop. They were still eating quinoa, and accessing other healthy foods, including tomatoes and veggies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">In fact, quinoa can grow in diverse conditions and requires very little water to grow, said Friedberg, which makes it a valuable crop to feed a growing population. \"Quinoa is truly a superfood.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new fast food chain called \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatsa.com\">Eatsa \u003c/a>aims to deliver a healthy, tasty meal for under $10. The catch? Meat-lovers will need to forgo burgers and carnitas burritos in favor of quinoa, a protein-filled grain crop that looks a bit like couscous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, I stopped by the downtown San Francisco location (\u003cem>121 Spear Street\u003c/em>) for a tour of the facility before its official opening on August 31st. What immediately stood out to me is the clean look of the place, which resembles an Apple Store in its design, with the row of white tablet devices where diners can place their order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eatsa is the latest restaurant to experiment with virtual alternatives to wait staff. After you place an order at a kiosk, you pick it up a few minutes later behind a glass door or \"cubby.\" The only humans in sight are the concierges, who can answer questions that you may have about the software, and the dozen or so staff in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the country, restaurants are looking for innovative ways to keep humans out of the picture. But what's unique about Eatsa is the focus on health and taste. It's a fully-automated experience, so Eatsa can afford to offer high-quality food for less. Workers'\u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/minimum-wage-offensive-could-speed-arrival-of-robot-powered-restaurants/2015/08/16/35f284ea-3f6f-11e5-8d45-d815146f81fa_story.html\"> salaries account for about 30 percent\u003c/a> of the restaurant industry's costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team spent over two years rigorously testing the texture of the sauces and the grain to optimize the taste. Eatsa will also offer a range of beverages, which are sugar-free or low in sugar. Eatsa plans to open two more locations in the coming months, including a restaurant in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Healthy by Accident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27256\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27256\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg\" alt=\"What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \" width=\"370\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-763x600.jpg 763w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-400x315.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1180x928.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-1920x1510.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa2-960x755.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What stood out to me is Eatsa's clean design and its focus on health \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eatsa's team, led by Scott Drummond and Tim Young, are hoping to attract health-conscious types with its hearty salads and quinoa bowls stuffed with green beans, avocado, and root vegetables. The average meal will set you back about 500 calories, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/22/upshot/what-2000-calories-looks-like.html?_r=0\">which is far lower than most fast food alternatives.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team also has its eye on busy professionals in the Financial District who don't particularly care about eating healthy, but are looking for a quick and tasty meal that will last them through dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to help people get healthy almost by accident,\" said Dave Friedberg, the chief executive officer of \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.com/\">Climate Corp,\u003c/a> a Monsanto-owned company, who is one of Eatsa's main backers. On the side, Friedberg has invested in a number of Bay Area-based food-technology startups, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.clarafoods.com/\">Clara Foods\u003c/a>, which is developing an egg-free egg white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Friedberg, a meal is slightly cheaper than Chipotle, which may appeal to cash-strapped people who work in the area (in fact, the price of a burrito bowl and quinoa bowl are roughly equitable at just under $7, although the latter contains about half the calories).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Quinoa is definitely one of those foods that has become really popular lately, but this one actually has some real science behind it,\" said Jennifer Gibson, a San Francisco-based nutritionist who works at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida\u003c/a>, a health coaching app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 390px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-27255\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \" width=\"390\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/eatsa3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investor Dave Friedberg gave me a tour of Eatsa, a healthy fast food restaurant opening at the end of the month \u003ccite>(Christina Farr / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Quinoa is a complete protein, meaning it contains the nine amino acids our body needs. It's also gluten free, and has a low \u003ca href=\"http://www.glycemicindex.com/\">glycemic index\u003c/a> compared to a lot of other grains. \"Let's put it this way,\" said Gibson. \"It's one of the few foods I would bring to the desert island.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all sounds well and good, but I have been feeling guilty \u003cspan class=\"s1\">about eating quinoa since \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">2013. A series of articles claimed that global demand for the superfood had put it out of reach for those living closest to where it's traditionally been grown.\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/07/16/202737139/is-our-love-of-quinoa-hurting-or-helping-farmers-who-grow-it\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">NPR interviewed farmers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> in subsequent months who denied that they could no longer afford the staple crop. They were still eating quinoa, and accessing other healthy foods, including tomatoes and veggies.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">In fact, quinoa can grow in diverse conditions and requires very little water to grow, said Friedberg, which makes it a valuable crop to feed a growing population. \"Quinoa is truly a superfood.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We have all heard the constant drumroll about the dangers of obesity. And yet it remains one of the major health issues in the U.S. and is a growing problem worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obesity seems to have such a simple solution: Eat less and exercise more. But of course this is harder than it sounds. Evolution has hardwired us to love sugar and fat and to eat lots of both when they are in abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally what we need is some way to short-circuit this wiring to help our bodies respond differently to sugar and the fat. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150729/ncomms8671/full/ncomms8671.html\">new study \u003c/a>from Nature Communications has uncovered a gene that just might help us with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that when they removed the 14-3-3 zeta gene from mice, the mice had about 50 percent less of the bad \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_adipose_tissue\">“white” fat\u003c/a>. And when they turned the gene up in other mice, these mice ended up with 22 percent more white fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was not due to differences in diet as all of the mice ate the exact same thing. In fact, the mice that lost this gene gained less weight when put on a high fat diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looks like this gene plays an important role in telling the mouse how much fat to make based on what it is fed. Note, this gene isn't the whole story to explain why one mouse got plumper, but it is important enough to have a serious impact when tweaked. And it is likely that the equivalent gene in people plays a similar role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t going to engineer this gene away in people. That would be far too drastic. But what they hope to do is to someday find a drug that can affect this gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea would be that when the drug dampens the effect of the gene, people would gain less weight even with an unhealthy diet. They could have their cake and eat it too (although I certainly wouldn't advise that over a healthy salad!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25594\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25594\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280.jpg\" alt=\"By targeting the 14-3-3 zeta gene, people may be able to have their cake and eat it too! (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By targeting the 14-3-3 zeta gene, people may be able to have their cake and eat it too! (\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cake_in_Seoul,_Korea_-_DSC00767.JPG/1280px-Cake_in_Seoul,_Korea_-_DSC00767.JPG\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not So Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with any early study, you shouldn’t hold your breath until big pharma comes out with their new pill that keeps the fat away -- and even then, there may be reason for skepticism. This is all preliminary research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mice are not people. This gene seems to play a similar role in mice and people, and some early research would suggest that it is turned up in obese people versus those at a healthy weight. But we still need hard proof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern is that besides keeping these mice svelte, losing the gene also caused mild insulin resistance. This is a troubling result as insulin resistance is associated with Type 2 diabetes. Hypothetically, those who receive this treatment may look slender but suffer one of the side effects of being obese anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third concern is that we don’t know if dampening the gene in adults would have any effect. In the experiments in this study, the gene was missing over the whole life of the mouse. These mice developed in the womb and grew up without the 14-3-3 zeta gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could very well be that the gene is involved in setting the body up to deal with converting food to fat. If this is the case, then turning it down in adults might not do anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with all of this, the gene seems like a promising target for further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fewer and Smaller\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte.jpg\" alt=\"Mice lacking the 14-3-3 zeta gene had fewer of these fat cells and they packed in less fat. (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"500\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte-464x600.jpg 464w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mice lacking the 14-3-3 zeta gene had fewer of these fat cells and they packed in less fat. (\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Blausen_0012_AdiposeTissue.png\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When people gain weight, their fat cells first grow larger. Basically more and more fat is crammed into the cell until it gets too big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the fat cell gets about four times its original size, it divides in two. These cells can then pack in more fat until they need to divide again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes the 14-3-3 zeta gene so powerful is that it appears to affect both steps. Loss of the gene keeps the number of cells down and keeps them from growing in size as quickly. A one-two punch against obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly though, removing this gene did not shut off the whole process. The fat cells could pack in some fat, so these mice could gain weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If scientists get it right, people who receive a therapy that targets this gene will not waste away to nothing. They will just get to have another Krispy Kreme doughnut without gaining weight.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We have all heard the constant drumroll about the dangers of obesity. And yet it remains one of the major health issues in the U.S. and is a growing problem worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obesity seems to have such a simple solution: Eat less and exercise more. But of course this is harder than it sounds. Evolution has hardwired us to love sugar and fat and to eat lots of both when they are in abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally what we need is some way to short-circuit this wiring to help our bodies respond differently to sugar and the fat. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150729/ncomms8671/full/ncomms8671.html\">new study \u003c/a>from Nature Communications has uncovered a gene that just might help us with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that when they removed the 14-3-3 zeta gene from mice, the mice had about 50 percent less of the bad \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_adipose_tissue\">“white” fat\u003c/a>. And when they turned the gene up in other mice, these mice ended up with 22 percent more white fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was not due to differences in diet as all of the mice ate the exact same thing. In fact, the mice that lost this gene gained less weight when put on a high fat diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looks like this gene plays an important role in telling the mouse how much fat to make based on what it is fed. Note, this gene isn't the whole story to explain why one mouse got plumper, but it is important enough to have a serious impact when tweaked. And it is likely that the equivalent gene in people plays a similar role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t going to engineer this gene away in people. That would be far too drastic. But what they hope to do is to someday find a drug that can affect this gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea would be that when the drug dampens the effect of the gene, people would gain less weight even with an unhealthy diet. They could have their cake and eat it too (although I certainly wouldn't advise that over a healthy salad!)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25594\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25594\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280.jpg\" alt=\"By targeting the 14-3-3 zeta gene, people may be able to have their cake and eat it too! (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Cake1280-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By targeting the 14-3-3 zeta gene, people may be able to have their cake and eat it too! (\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Cake_in_Seoul,_Korea_-_DSC00767.JPG/1280px-Cake_in_Seoul,_Korea_-_DSC00767.JPG\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not So Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with any early study, you shouldn’t hold your breath until big pharma comes out with their new pill that keeps the fat away -- and even then, there may be reason for skepticism. This is all preliminary research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mice are not people. This gene seems to play a similar role in mice and people, and some early research would suggest that it is turned up in obese people versus those at a healthy weight. But we still need hard proof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern is that besides keeping these mice svelte, losing the gene also caused mild insulin resistance. This is a troubling result as insulin resistance is associated with Type 2 diabetes. Hypothetically, those who receive this treatment may look slender but suffer one of the side effects of being obese anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third concern is that we don’t know if dampening the gene in adults would have any effect. In the experiments in this study, the gene was missing over the whole life of the mouse. These mice developed in the womb and grew up without the 14-3-3 zeta gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could very well be that the gene is involved in setting the body up to deal with converting food to fat. If this is the case, then turning it down in adults might not do anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with all of this, the gene seems like a promising target for further study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fewer and Smaller\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_25592\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-25592\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte.jpg\" alt=\"Mice lacking the 14-3-3 zeta gene had fewer of these fat cells and they packed in less fat. (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"500\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/08/Adipocyte-464x600.jpg 464w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mice lacking the 14-3-3 zeta gene had fewer of these fat cells and they packed in less fat. (\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Blausen_0012_AdiposeTissue.png\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When people gain weight, their fat cells first grow larger. Basically more and more fat is crammed into the cell until it gets too big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the fat cell gets about four times its original size, it divides in two. These cells can then pack in more fat until they need to divide again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes the 14-3-3 zeta gene so powerful is that it appears to affect both steps. Loss of the gene keeps the number of cells down and keeps them from growing in size as quickly. A one-two punch against obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly though, removing this gene did not shut off the whole process. The fat cells could pack in some fat, so these mice could gain weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If scientists get it right, people who receive a therapy that targets this gene will not waste away to nothing. They will just get to have another Krispy Kreme doughnut without gaining weight.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For two years, Bill and Clare Lloyd heard the sound of their daughter Jenna's crying and screaming night after night. The next morning, Jenna would have no memory of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenna started experiencing night terrors, sometimes known as sleep terrors, at the age of seven. Bill Lloyd recalled how Jenna would thrash around and shout, or sit up and semi-lucidly stare through him, rather than at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Night terrors \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/night-terrors/basics/symptoms/con-20032552\">affect a small percentage of children\u003c/a>, around three to six percent. They are not the same thing as nightmares, which are far more common, as they occur in the first hours of deep sleep and the child won't remember it the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The night terrors didn't seem to impact her very much, or at all,\" said Bill Lloyd, who lives in San Jose, Calif. and works as a financial advisor at Merrill Lynch. \"But it was very disconcerting for her parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenna, who is now 10-years-old, no longer experiences night terrors. It's possible that she grew out of them naturally, as many children do. But her parents chalk it up to a $99 bluetooth-enabled device called \u003ca href=\"http://www.lullysleep.com/\">Lully\u003c/a> that they began using about six months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lloyd's were among the first people to try the device, which launched to the public in mid-July of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Watch a video below to see how Lully works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pod-shaped Lully is designed to be placed under the child's mattress. It pairs with a mobile app, which parents use to program information about the child's sleep history, including their typical bedtime and the time that they typically experience a night terror. If the child stays up late or goes to bed early, the parent can adjust the mobile app accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The white pod vibrates for about three minutes, and keeps the child from entering the \"troubling deep sleep\" that can result in a night terror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timing is everything, as \"waking the child up during the night terror can make it worse,\" said Teresa Stewart, a sleep consultant and child development specialist from Boston, Mass., whose own daughter experienced night terrors for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lully was invented by Andy Rink, a physician and Varun Boriah, a mechanical engineer, who met during their fellowship year at \u003ca href=\"http://biodesign.stanford.edu/bdn/index.jsp\">Stanford's Biodesign program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair spent months studying \"scheduled awakenings,\" a method for alleviating night terrors that dates back to the 1980s. In order for the approach to work, parents must awaken the child themselves before the night terror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rink said many parents did not stick it out as it's a rigorous program. But new mobile and sensor-based technology could be used to rouse the child awake so they don't have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Stewart, another benefit to using the technology is that it can be stressful for parents to take on the full responsibility for weeks or months. \"Sometimes children feed off that stress and they begin to experience anxiety about going to bed,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device has been tested in a year-long clinical study at Stanford University. Rink claims that Lully was able to reduce night terrors by 90 percent, and the device did not affect the child's quality of sleep or daytime functioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lully team is considering applying the technology to help children with other sleep-related disorders, including bed wetting and sleepwalking. But for now, Rink said they are focused on improving the technology so it can predict when a child is about to experience a sleep terror, rather than relying on a parent's best guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Lloyd family, Lully is still a work in progress (their early version of the product won't let them download the app to multiple iPhones, for instance), but it represents a significant step forward from having to wake their daughter up each night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finally, we can put our daughter to bed and not worry she's going to wake up screaming and crying,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZ7Oc0hjxZ4]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For two years, Bill and Clare Lloyd heard the sound of their daughter Jenna's crying and screaming night after night. The next morning, Jenna would have no memory of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenna started experiencing night terrors, sometimes known as sleep terrors, at the age of seven. Bill Lloyd recalled how Jenna would thrash around and shout, or sit up and semi-lucidly stare through him, rather than at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Night terrors \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/night-terrors/basics/symptoms/con-20032552\">affect a small percentage of children\u003c/a>, around three to six percent. They are not the same thing as nightmares, which are far more common, as they occur in the first hours of deep sleep and the child won't remember it the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The night terrors didn't seem to impact her very much, or at all,\" said Bill Lloyd, who lives in San Jose, Calif. and works as a financial advisor at Merrill Lynch. \"But it was very disconcerting for her parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenna, who is now 10-years-old, no longer experiences night terrors. It's possible that she grew out of them naturally, as many children do. But her parents chalk it up to a $99 bluetooth-enabled device called \u003ca href=\"http://www.lullysleep.com/\">Lully\u003c/a> that they began using about six months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lloyd's were among the first people to try the device, which launched to the public in mid-July of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Watch a video below to see how Lully works.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pod-shaped Lully is designed to be placed under the child's mattress. It pairs with a mobile app, which parents use to program information about the child's sleep history, including their typical bedtime and the time that they typically experience a night terror. If the child stays up late or goes to bed early, the parent can adjust the mobile app accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The white pod vibrates for about three minutes, and keeps the child from entering the \"troubling deep sleep\" that can result in a night terror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timing is everything, as \"waking the child up during the night terror can make it worse,\" said Teresa Stewart, a sleep consultant and child development specialist from Boston, Mass., whose own daughter experienced night terrors for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lully was invented by Andy Rink, a physician and Varun Boriah, a mechanical engineer, who met during their fellowship year at \u003ca href=\"http://biodesign.stanford.edu/bdn/index.jsp\">Stanford's Biodesign program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair spent months studying \"scheduled awakenings,\" a method for alleviating night terrors that dates back to the 1980s. In order for the approach to work, parents must awaken the child themselves before the night terror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rink said many parents did not stick it out as it's a rigorous program. But new mobile and sensor-based technology could be used to rouse the child awake so they don't have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Stewart, another benefit to using the technology is that it can be stressful for parents to take on the full responsibility for weeks or months. \"Sometimes children feed off that stress and they begin to experience anxiety about going to bed,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device has been tested in a year-long clinical study at Stanford University. Rink claims that Lully was able to reduce night terrors by 90 percent, and the device did not affect the child's quality of sleep or daytime functioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lully team is considering applying the technology to help children with other sleep-related disorders, including bed wetting and sleepwalking. But for now, Rink said they are focused on improving the technology so it can predict when a child is about to experience a sleep terror, rather than relying on a parent's best guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Lloyd family, Lully is still a work in progress (their early version of the product won't let them download the app to multiple iPhones, for instance), but it represents a significant step forward from having to wake their daughter up each night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finally, we can put our daughter to bed and not worry she's going to wake up screaming and crying,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oZ7Oc0hjxZ4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oZ7Oc0hjxZ4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Are Millennials Ready to Ditch their Regular Doctor?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Unlike previous generations, young people today have countless options when it comes to their medical care. Millennials can video chat with a doctor practicing anywhere in the country, or sign up with a concierge medical group and schedule an appointment with the next-available provider online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A millennial myself, I haven't had a steady primary care doctor since I moved to the U.S. four years ago. I prize convenience over anything else, even if it means having to repeat basic information like my allergies and family history. Over the past few months, I've interviewed more than a dozen millennials and a range of health experts to find out whether I'm the exception or the norm, and whether doctor-patient loyalty is truly a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Olivia June Poole couldn't tell me the name of her primary care doctor. When she's feeling unwell, she makes an appointment online through San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical\u003c/a>, a new brand of concierge care that prides itself on its online offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I personally don't care what doctor I see as long as they're competent, they have access to my medical records, and I can see them as soon as I need to,\" said Poole, a technology entrepreneur in her late twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost all of the millennials I spoke with said they had high expectations for their primary care and were willing to \"doctor shop\" until they felt satisfied. Most saw value in same-day appointments, online scheduling and access to their medical record, as well as the option to text or email the doctor between visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, \"the notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\" to millennials, said Dr. Pat Basu, the chief medical officer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor On Demand\u003c/a>, a San Francisco company that offers video visits with doctors for $40 per session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Lack of Loyalty a Bad Thing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I did not find a large-scale dataset to prove that millennials are less loyal to their doctor than previous generations -- one may not exist yet. But bits and pieces of research paint a picture of a millennial-set that is increasingly demanding of their primary care doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dr. Pat Basu, chief medical officer at Doctor On Demand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A 2012 survey from Harris Poll, a market research firm, found a disparity between the desire for online health services and the availability of those services. Among those surveyed, 52 percent of baby boomers said they were \"very satisfied\" with their health care experience, compared to 48 percent of Gen Xers and just 35 percent of millennials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Services like Doctor On Demand do offer people the option to see the same doctor again. But according to Basu, 30 to 40 percent of patients do not typically maintain a relationship with one doctor, as it means longer wait times. That number jumps to more than 50 percent for patients in their twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But copious data does exist to show that there's still a great deal of value in a doctor-patient relationship, particularly for those with chronic or complex medical conditions. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/7/1113.abstract\">recently-published research\u003c/a> in the journal Health Affairs found that in California, continuity with a regular source of primary care leads to fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient],\" said Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation and the founding president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcpcc.org/\">Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative\u003c/a>, a coalition of health care providers, patient advocates and employers based in Washington DC that advocates for higher quality care at a lower cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grundy's research from 2008 found that those who have a regular relationship with a primary care doctor, or \"healer\" as he calls them, cost the health system one-third less and experience a 19 percent lower mortality rate over a 15-year window than those who can't name their primary care doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a medical condition like cancer or HIV, then you should value the relationship,\" added Bob Kocher, an investor at health care-focused investment firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.venrock.com/\">Venrock\u003c/a> and a former specialist assistant to President Obama who helped write the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kocher, there isn't an easy way for one doctor to share instructions or learnings for the next doctor. Information can get lost in the shuffle. Patients may undergo repeat tests, and will very likely need to spend time filling out a family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's certainly a lot lost when the next doctor tries to figure out what to do with you,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wanting it All\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What surprised me in my research is that while millennials do shop around for primary care, similar to how they compare auto insurance or airline flights, many said they were willing to commit once they've found a doctor who fits the bill. Others told me that they would prioritize seeing their regular doctor and would only consider seeing a new doctor via Doctor On Demand or One Medical if the wait time for a visit surpassed a couple days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ali Boldish, 28, of Medford, Ore., still values loyalty above all else. She said she has taken the time to choose a doctor who will spend time really listening to her, rather than staring at a screen or hastening her out the door after a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I trust they [my doctor] will be open and honest with me and that they trust me to hear not only my worries but my thoughts as well and take those into account,” she said. “I expect not to be rushed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent trip to the East Coast, I paid a visit to Manhattan-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.zocdoc.com/\">ZocDoc\u003c/a>, a website that helps millions of patients each month across the U.S. schedule doctor's visits. The vast majority of people who use ZocDoc are under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient]\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many patients who use ZocDoc hold a similar view as Ali Boldish. Three out of four returning patients will choose the same doctor, company spokeswoman Amy Juaristi said, adding that many of the doctors who have signed up to ZocDoc offer texts and email communication as well as weekend and evening appointments to appeal to busy young professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-somethings are extremely loyal to their primary doctor if it means they don't have to give up on convenience. We try to foster that,\" said Oliver Kharraz, the company's president and founder. In order words, millennials are willing to wait a bit to see their regular doctor, but not a few weeks or months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nikolaos Bonatsos, a 31-year-old venture capitalist based in Palo Alto, has been seeing the same doctor for four years. Recently, he said he felt a bout of fatigue and tried to schedule a time to talk about his symptoms. Only when he didn't hear back for two days, did he opt to schedule an online visit via One Medical with a doctor who happened to be available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"F\u003cspan class=\"s1\">or small stuff, do I have loyalty? No,\" he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"In the era of text messaging and instant gratification, speed matters a lot. Traditional health providers don't do well,\" he added. \"So if you are a techie or a hypochondriac you start looking around for other alternatives.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, primary care groups say they're doing their best to improve the experience for young people, so they don't flock to a virtual alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Wergin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/about.html\">American Academy of Family Physicians\u003c/a> said the organization conducts surveys of its members every year, which show a steady increase in doctors modernizing their practices by offering email communication and online access to billing and/or medical records since 2008. The American Academy of Family Physicians represents over 120,000 U.S. doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our approach is to encourage doctors to think about what a millennial would want and adapt,\" Wergin said. \"We still think patients benefit from having a consistent physician, or at least gravitating to one when they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you value your relationship with your primary care doctor? Have you ever consulted with your doctor via video chat? Share your story with me at cfarr@kqed.org \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Unlike previous generations, young people today have countless options when it comes to their medical care. Millennials can video chat with a doctor practicing anywhere in the country, or sign up with a concierge medical group and schedule an appointment with the next-available provider online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A millennial myself, I haven't had a steady primary care doctor since I moved to the U.S. four years ago. I prize convenience over anything else, even if it means having to repeat basic information like my allergies and family history. Over the past few months, I've interviewed more than a dozen millennials and a range of health experts to find out whether I'm the exception or the norm, and whether doctor-patient loyalty is truly a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My friend Olivia June Poole couldn't tell me the name of her primary care doctor. When she's feeling unwell, she makes an appointment online through San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical\u003c/a>, a new brand of concierge care that prides itself on its online offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I personally don't care what doctor I see as long as they're competent, they have access to my medical records, and I can see them as soon as I need to,\" said Poole, a technology entrepreneur in her late twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost all of the millennials I spoke with said they had high expectations for their primary care and were willing to \"doctor shop\" until they felt satisfied. Most saw value in same-day appointments, online scheduling and access to their medical record, as well as the option to text or email the doctor between visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, \"the notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\" to millennials, said Dr. Pat Basu, the chief medical officer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.doctorondemand.com/\">Doctor On Demand\u003c/a>, a San Francisco company that offers video visits with doctors for $40 per session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the Lack of Loyalty a Bad Thing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I did not find a large-scale dataset to prove that millennials are less loyal to their doctor than previous generations -- one may not exist yet. But bits and pieces of research paint a picture of a millennial-set that is increasingly demanding of their primary care doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“The notion of having a single doctor that is theirs is a foreign concept\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dr. Pat Basu, chief medical officer at Doctor On Demand\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A 2012 survey from Harris Poll, a market research firm, found a disparity between the desire for online health services and the availability of those services. Among those surveyed, 52 percent of baby boomers said they were \"very satisfied\" with their health care experience, compared to 48 percent of Gen Xers and just 35 percent of millennials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Services like Doctor On Demand do offer people the option to see the same doctor again. But according to Basu, 30 to 40 percent of patients do not typically maintain a relationship with one doctor, as it means longer wait times. That number jumps to more than 50 percent for patients in their twenties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But copious data does exist to show that there's still a great deal of value in a doctor-patient relationship, particularly for those with chronic or complex medical conditions. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/34/7/1113.abstract\">recently-published research\u003c/a> in the journal Health Affairs found that in California, continuity with a regular source of primary care leads to fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient],\" said Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation and the founding president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pcpcc.org/\">Patient Centered Primary Care Collaborative\u003c/a>, a coalition of health care providers, patient advocates and employers based in Washington DC that advocates for higher quality care at a lower cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grundy's research from 2008 found that those who have a regular relationship with a primary care doctor, or \"healer\" as he calls them, cost the health system one-third less and experience a 19 percent lower mortality rate over a 15-year window than those who can't name their primary care doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a medical condition like cancer or HIV, then you should value the relationship,\" added Bob Kocher, an investor at health care-focused investment firm \u003ca href=\"http://www.venrock.com/\">Venrock\u003c/a> and a former specialist assistant to President Obama who helped write the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kocher, there isn't an easy way for one doctor to share instructions or learnings for the next doctor. Information can get lost in the shuffle. Patients may undergo repeat tests, and will very likely need to spend time filling out a family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's certainly a lot lost when the next doctor tries to figure out what to do with you,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wanting it All\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What surprised me in my research is that while millennials do shop around for primary care, similar to how they compare auto insurance or airline flights, many said they were willing to commit once they've found a doctor who fits the bill. Others told me that they would prioritize seeing their regular doctor and would only consider seeing a new doctor via Doctor On Demand or One Medical if the wait time for a visit surpassed a couple days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ali Boldish, 28, of Medford, Ore., still values loyalty above all else. She said she has taken the time to choose a doctor who will spend time really listening to her, rather than staring at a screen or hastening her out the door after a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I trust they [my doctor] will be open and honest with me and that they trust me to hear not only my worries but my thoughts as well and take those into account,” she said. “I expect not to be rushed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent trip to the East Coast, I paid a visit to Manhattan-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.zocdoc.com/\">ZocDoc\u003c/a>, a website that helps millions of patients each month across the U.S. schedule doctor's visits. The vast majority of people who use ZocDoc are under the age of 40.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Even in this digital age, someway, somehow there needs to be a connection [between doctor and patient]\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Paul Grundy, IBM's director of healthcare transformation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many patients who use ZocDoc hold a similar view as Ali Boldish. Three out of four returning patients will choose the same doctor, company spokeswoman Amy Juaristi said, adding that many of the doctors who have signed up to ZocDoc offer texts and email communication as well as weekend and evening appointments to appeal to busy young professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-somethings are extremely loyal to their primary doctor if it means they don't have to give up on convenience. We try to foster that,\" said Oliver Kharraz, the company's president and founder. In order words, millennials are willing to wait a bit to see their regular doctor, but not a few weeks or months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nikolaos Bonatsos, a 31-year-old venture capitalist based in Palo Alto, has been seeing the same doctor for four years. Recently, he said he felt a bout of fatigue and tried to schedule a time to talk about his symptoms. Only when he didn't hear back for two days, did he opt to schedule an online visit via One Medical with a doctor who happened to be available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"F\u003cspan class=\"s1\">or small stuff, do I have loyalty? No,\" he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"In the era of text messaging and instant gratification, speed matters a lot. Traditional health providers don't do well,\" he added. \"So if you are a techie or a hypochondriac you start looking around for other alternatives.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their part, primary care groups say they're doing their best to improve the experience for young people, so they don't flock to a virtual alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Wergin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/about.html\">American Academy of Family Physicians\u003c/a> said the organization conducts surveys of its members every year, which show a steady increase in doctors modernizing their practices by offering email communication and online access to billing and/or medical records since 2008. The American Academy of Family Physicians represents over 120,000 U.S. doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our approach is to encourage doctors to think about what a millennial would want and adapt,\" Wergin said. \"We still think patients benefit from having a consistent physician, or at least gravitating to one when they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Do you value your relationship with your primary care doctor? Have you ever consulted with your doctor via video chat? Share your story with me at cfarr@kqed.org \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Therapy provided over the phone lowered symptoms of anxiety and depression among older adults in rural areas with a lack of mental health services, a new study shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The option is important, one expert said, because seniors often have increased need for treatment as they cope with the effects of disease and the emotional tolls of aging and loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost all older adults have one chronic medical condition, and most of these have been found to be significantly associated with anxiety disorder,” Eric Lenze, a psychiatrist and professor at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2423199\">The study\u003c/a>, by researchers at Wake Forest University and published this month in JAMA Psychiatry, examined 141 people over the age of 60 living in rural counties in North Carolina who were experiencing excessive and uncontrollable worry that is brought on by a condition called generalized anxiety disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants had up to 11 phone sessions between January 2011 and October, 2013. Half of them received cognitive behavioral therapy, which focused on the recognition of anxiety symptoms, relaxation techniques, problem solving and other coping techniques. The other study participants got a less intensive phone therapy in which mental health professionals provided support for participants to discuss their feelings but offered no suggestions for coping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that severity of the patients’ worries declined in both groups, but the patients getting cognitive therapy had a significantly higher reduction of symptoms from generalized anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet many seniors could face barriers getting that therapy because Medicare has stringent requirements for eligibility for these kinds of phone therapies, according to Lenze, who wrote \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2423198\">an editorial accompanying the study\u003c/a>. Lenze argued that phone therapy is a good alternative to drugs that are often prescribed for anxiety and depression but can make seniors sleepy and disoriented and lead to injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This demonstrates that [therapy] is just as effective as in-person psychotherapy and reimbursing for it would be a way to increase the reach of mental health care that in a concrete way would allow someone to get treatment for actual problems, not just medicating and ending up in the emergency room with a hip fracture,” Lenze said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he treats some geriatric patients who drive from 100 miles away and doesn’t offer phone sessions because of the payment issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare only pays for telehealth services done in rural areas with provider shortages; patients cannot do a phone call in their home, but must drive to a physician’s office or hospital to connect with the mental health professional at another site, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason it isn’t evolving is because it’s trapped in the law that isn’t evolving with modern medicine,” said Joel White, executive director of the Health IT Now Coalition, which is \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/medicare-slow-to-adopt-telemedicine-due-to-cost-concerns/\">urging Medicare to loosen its strict limits on telemedicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many states have also implemented some roadblocks for telephone therapy with laws requiring that anyone giving medical care must be licensed in the state where the patient resides. Reps. Frank Pallone, D-N.J., and Devin Nunes, R-Calif., offered a bill in July that would allow providers licensed in one state to provide care in another state electronically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards is working on model legislation to recommend to states next year that would allow psychologists to practice by phone across state lines without having to pay a hefty licensing fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally ran on\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\"> Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN), a nonprofit national health policy news service. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Therapy provided over the phone lowered symptoms of anxiety and depression among older adults in rural areas with a lack of mental health services, a new study shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The option is important, one expert said, because seniors often have increased need for treatment as they cope with the effects of disease and the emotional tolls of aging and loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost all older adults have one chronic medical condition, and most of these have been found to be significantly associated with anxiety disorder,” Eric Lenze, a psychiatrist and professor at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2423199\">The study\u003c/a>, by researchers at Wake Forest University and published this month in JAMA Psychiatry, examined 141 people over the age of 60 living in rural counties in North Carolina who were experiencing excessive and uncontrollable worry that is brought on by a condition called generalized anxiety disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants had up to 11 phone sessions between January 2011 and October, 2013. Half of them received cognitive behavioral therapy, which focused on the recognition of anxiety symptoms, relaxation techniques, problem solving and other coping techniques. The other study participants got a less intensive phone therapy in which mental health professionals provided support for participants to discuss their feelings but offered no suggestions for coping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found that severity of the patients’ worries declined in both groups, but the patients getting cognitive therapy had a significantly higher reduction of symptoms from generalized anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet many seniors could face barriers getting that therapy because Medicare has stringent requirements for eligibility for these kinds of phone therapies, according to Lenze, who wrote \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2423198\">an editorial accompanying the study\u003c/a>. Lenze argued that phone therapy is a good alternative to drugs that are often prescribed for anxiety and depression but can make seniors sleepy and disoriented and lead to injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This demonstrates that [therapy] is just as effective as in-person psychotherapy and reimbursing for it would be a way to increase the reach of mental health care that in a concrete way would allow someone to get treatment for actual problems, not just medicating and ending up in the emergency room with a hip fracture,” Lenze said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he treats some geriatric patients who drive from 100 miles away and doesn’t offer phone sessions because of the payment issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare only pays for telehealth services done in rural areas with provider shortages; patients cannot do a phone call in their home, but must drive to a physician’s office or hospital to connect with the mental health professional at another site, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason it isn’t evolving is because it’s trapped in the law that isn’t evolving with modern medicine,” said Joel White, executive director of the Health IT Now Coalition, which is \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/medicare-slow-to-adopt-telemedicine-due-to-cost-concerns/\">urging Medicare to loosen its strict limits on telemedicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many states have also implemented some roadblocks for telephone therapy with laws requiring that anyone giving medical care must be licensed in the state where the patient resides. Reps. Frank Pallone, D-N.J., and Devin Nunes, R-Calif., offered a bill in July that would allow providers licensed in one state to provide care in another state electronically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards is working on model legislation to recommend to states next year that would allow psychologists to practice by phone across state lines without having to pay a hefty licensing fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story originally ran on\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\"> Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN), a nonprofit national health policy news service. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Think Twice Before You Bargain Hunt for Health Procedures Online",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/08/05/18054/bargain-hunt-for-health-care-procedures-but-use-ca/\">This post originally appeared on KPCC’s consumer health blog, Impatient.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shopping for things like hotel reservations is pretty easy these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of websites that allow you to compare options by price and other factors. Some sites – like \u003ca href=\"http://www.priceline.com/home/\">Priceline \u003c/a>- even let you do the online version of haggling: You name the price you're willing to pay and the site matches you with a hotel willing to accept your bid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some entrepreneurs are now trying to adapt this approach to the health care field, where it's been notoriously difficult to shop around. It's a development that's being welcomed – with some caution – by people who advocate for transparency in the health care marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This approach is the type of thing that the health care market needs,\" says Dr. Peter Ubel, a professor at Duke University. \"With more and more people in the U.S. paying more and more out of pocket for their health care, they need to be more like regular consumers, where they're looking around for price and quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, these new sites that bill themselves as being like Priceline for health care \"give consumers more power,\" Ubel says. But, he and others warn, with more power comes more responsibility on the part of the consumer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Win-Win\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the Los Angeles-based start-up company\u003ca href=\"https://www.zendyhealth.com/\"> ZendyHealth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site allows you to choose a procedure from a list of medical services, like CT or MRI scans. It will tell you the average price for that procedure. You can then suggest the price that you're willing to pay, and providers can choose whether to accept the bid. If you undergo the procedure, you can either pay in cash or use funds from your health savings account, if you have a high-deductible health plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another site, \u003ca href=\"http://www.medibid.com/\">MediBid\u003c/a>, lets you post a request for a procedure. Doctors and facilities can then bid on your request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Vish Banthia, with more than 10 years of experience in head and neck surgery, as well as facial, plastic and reconstructive surgery, is ZendyHealth's chief medical officer. He says he developed the site in response to two problems he'd repeatedly witnessed: Patients were sometimes\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/05/14/18029/high-deductibles-force-people-to-skip-care-study-f/\"> skipping recommended tests or treatments\u003c/a> because they couldn't afford them. Meanwhile, he says, providers were facing the high costs of staying in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ZendyHealth, then, is a win-win for patients and providers, he says: Patients can get a deal on certain procedures and providers can try to fill their appointment slots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can't input a ridiculously low amount, and of course providers have the right to not accept these prices if it doesn't make sense for them,\" Banthia says. But \"for most of the requests that are being made by the customers on our site, we're able to fulfill them because it makes sense for the provider to accept.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Comparison Shopping \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts I spoke with for this story agree that consumers should be cautious when using these types of tools to shop for health care. In fact, they say, there are several steps consumers should take before using one of these sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say your doctor is recommending you get an MRI scan. First, experts say, it's worth finding out how much the procedure should cost in your area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have insurance, start by checking with your insurance company how much the procedure would cost if you went through your plan. It's also a good idea to check sites like \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcarebluebook.com/page_Default.aspx\">Healthcare Bluebook\u003c/a>, which estimate the price of procedures in your area, or KPCC's and KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/price-check\">PriceCheck\u003c/a>, which shows the range of prices charged by facilities in your area, what patients have paid and what insurers have covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After doing that research, you could check out sites like ZendyHealth or MediBid to see if they offer deeper discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it really looks like from one of these sites that the deal might be better, then you might be able to go in with eyes wider open,\" says Suzanne Delbanco, executive director of\u003ca href=\"http://www.catalyzepaymentreform.org/\"> Catalyst for Payment Reform\u003c/a>, which works on behalf of large employers and other health care purchasers to promote higher-value care in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would certainly do some comparison shopping before assuming that these sites are offering something better than you might get through the normal means,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Price Isn't Everything' \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts stress that bargain hunting for medical care is a complex endeavor: When shopping for health care, consumers should not just consider price, but also the quality of the facility, its doctors and the services provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Price isn't everything,\" Ubel says. \"Sometimes you can pay too little for something and end up with something that's very low quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do you know if that bargain MRI is worth it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leah Binder, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leapfroggroup.org/\">Leapfrog Group\u003c/a>, recommends doing your due diligence by asking for a facility's infection rates, requesting documentation of its board certification and licensure, and researching other quality measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Try to get some confirmation that this provider is good,\" Binder says. \"That's a very critical element – you're entrusting your health and life to this person, so you need to know that they can do a good job for you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its website, ZendyHealth says it has a Medical Advisory Board that screens for top class, highly rated, certified providers and selectively adds them to its provider network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Binder still has concerns about who might end up being listed on these types of sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know who is going to put their services out into a market like this - it could be some fraudulent providers, it could be some very bad providers who can't get business elsewhere, so we certainly have to be afraid of that,\" Binder says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the other hand, I'm hopeful that it's a sign that we're going to change the way consumers access health care,\" she says. \"As soon as consumers are out there looking at both price and quality and making deliberate decisions about providers based on those things, we will change the way health care is delivered. It will change everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banthia of ZendyHealth points out that his company isn't trying to encourage people to shop around for cheaper prices for care, \"we're just simply taking the entire process of what's been going on between patients and providers and making it more efficient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have you tried negotiating the cost of your health care? Tell us about your experience in the comments section below or email Impatient@scpr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/08/05/18054/bargain-hunt-for-health-care-procedures-but-use-ca/\">This post originally appeared on KPCC’s consumer health blog, Impatient.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shopping for things like hotel reservations is pretty easy these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of websites that allow you to compare options by price and other factors. Some sites – like \u003ca href=\"http://www.priceline.com/home/\">Priceline \u003c/a>- even let you do the online version of haggling: You name the price you're willing to pay and the site matches you with a hotel willing to accept your bid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some entrepreneurs are now trying to adapt this approach to the health care field, where it's been notoriously difficult to shop around. It's a development that's being welcomed – with some caution – by people who advocate for transparency in the health care marketplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This approach is the type of thing that the health care market needs,\" says Dr. Peter Ubel, a professor at Duke University. \"With more and more people in the U.S. paying more and more out of pocket for their health care, they need to be more like regular consumers, where they're looking around for price and quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, these new sites that bill themselves as being like Priceline for health care \"give consumers more power,\" Ubel says. But, he and others warn, with more power comes more responsibility on the part of the consumer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Win-Win\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the Los Angeles-based start-up company\u003ca href=\"https://www.zendyhealth.com/\"> ZendyHealth\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site allows you to choose a procedure from a list of medical services, like CT or MRI scans. It will tell you the average price for that procedure. You can then suggest the price that you're willing to pay, and providers can choose whether to accept the bid. If you undergo the procedure, you can either pay in cash or use funds from your health savings account, if you have a high-deductible health plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another site, \u003ca href=\"http://www.medibid.com/\">MediBid\u003c/a>, lets you post a request for a procedure. Doctors and facilities can then bid on your request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Vish Banthia, with more than 10 years of experience in head and neck surgery, as well as facial, plastic and reconstructive surgery, is ZendyHealth's chief medical officer. He says he developed the site in response to two problems he'd repeatedly witnessed: Patients were sometimes\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/05/14/18029/high-deductibles-force-people-to-skip-care-study-f/\"> skipping recommended tests or treatments\u003c/a> because they couldn't afford them. Meanwhile, he says, providers were facing the high costs of staying in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ZendyHealth, then, is a win-win for patients and providers, he says: Patients can get a deal on certain procedures and providers can try to fill their appointment slots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can't input a ridiculously low amount, and of course providers have the right to not accept these prices if it doesn't make sense for them,\" Banthia says. But \"for most of the requests that are being made by the customers on our site, we're able to fulfill them because it makes sense for the provider to accept.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Comparison Shopping \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts I spoke with for this story agree that consumers should be cautious when using these types of tools to shop for health care. In fact, they say, there are several steps consumers should take before using one of these sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Say your doctor is recommending you get an MRI scan. First, experts say, it's worth finding out how much the procedure should cost in your area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have insurance, start by checking with your insurance company how much the procedure would cost if you went through your plan. It's also a good idea to check sites like \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthcarebluebook.com/page_Default.aspx\">Healthcare Bluebook\u003c/a>, which estimate the price of procedures in your area, or KPCC's and KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/price-check\">PriceCheck\u003c/a>, which shows the range of prices charged by facilities in your area, what patients have paid and what insurers have covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After doing that research, you could check out sites like ZendyHealth or MediBid to see if they offer deeper discounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it really looks like from one of these sites that the deal might be better, then you might be able to go in with eyes wider open,\" says Suzanne Delbanco, executive director of\u003ca href=\"http://www.catalyzepaymentreform.org/\"> Catalyst for Payment Reform\u003c/a>, which works on behalf of large employers and other health care purchasers to promote higher-value care in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would certainly do some comparison shopping before assuming that these sites are offering something better than you might get through the normal means,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Price Isn't Everything' \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts stress that bargain hunting for medical care is a complex endeavor: When shopping for health care, consumers should not just consider price, but also the quality of the facility, its doctors and the services provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Price isn't everything,\" Ubel says. \"Sometimes you can pay too little for something and end up with something that's very low quality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do you know if that bargain MRI is worth it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leah Binder, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leapfroggroup.org/\">Leapfrog Group\u003c/a>, recommends doing your due diligence by asking for a facility's infection rates, requesting documentation of its board certification and licensure, and researching other quality measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Try to get some confirmation that this provider is good,\" Binder says. \"That's a very critical element – you're entrusting your health and life to this person, so you need to know that they can do a good job for you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its website, ZendyHealth says it has a Medical Advisory Board that screens for top class, highly rated, certified providers and selectively adds them to its provider network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Binder still has concerns about who might end up being listed on these types of sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know who is going to put their services out into a market like this - it could be some fraudulent providers, it could be some very bad providers who can't get business elsewhere, so we certainly have to be afraid of that,\" Binder says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On the other hand, I'm hopeful that it's a sign that we're going to change the way consumers access health care,\" she says. \"As soon as consumers are out there looking at both price and quality and making deliberate decisions about providers based on those things, we will change the way health care is delivered. It will change everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banthia of ZendyHealth points out that his company isn't trying to encourage people to shop around for cheaper prices for care, \"we're just simply taking the entire process of what's been going on between patients and providers and making it more efficient.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have you tried negotiating the cost of your health care? Tell us about your experience in the comments section below or email Impatient@scpr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will 100 be the New 60? Clues to the Fountain of Youth May Lie in Your Family’s DNA",
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"content": "\u003cp>The secret to a longer life may be lurking in the DNA of the million or so folks who have signed up for the services of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ancestry.com/\">AncestryDNA\u003c/a>. At least that is what \u003ca href=\"http://www.calicolabs.com/\">Calico\u003c/a>, a Google-funded company that is researching ways to make us all live longer, is hoping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calicolabs.com/news/2015/07/21/\">two companies have teamed up\u003c/a> to mine AncestryDNA’s genetic database for families with lots of very old people\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> The hope is that they will find a few bits of DNA that the long-lived people share -- and that this will lead Calico to life-extending therapies. We will all get to live longer even if we weren’t lucky enough to inherit that DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate prize would be that the database holds a clue that helps us uncover why we age in the first place. Then we might be able to tweak the newly-uncovered process so that we really slow down aging or, dare I say it, stop it in its tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19814\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-19814\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans.jpg\" alt=\"It took just a few, small genes to make this little roundworm live four times as long as it normally would. Maybe we can find something similar in people. (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"500\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans-400x290.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It took just a few, small genetics to make this little roundworm live four times as long as it normally would. Maybe we can find something similar in people. (\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Caenorhabditis_elegans.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Who knows, maybe one day we can expect to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jan/11/-sp-live-forever-extend-life-calico-google-longevity\">live to be 1000\u003c/a>! Or, at the very least, maybe renowned geneticist Craig Venter and his new company \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/\">Human Longevity Inc.\u003c/a> are right and \"\u003ca href=\"http://io9.com/craig-venters-new-longevity-startup-will-make-100-the-1536833065\">100 will become the new 60\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem like an exciting prospect, but we don’t know yet if AncestryDNA's database has what Calico is looking for. But in my opinion, this one is about as good as it gets right now for finding the silver bullet that slays aging. And if Calico can add data from \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a>, another DNA testing company that Google has ponied up money for, then the chances get even better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all brings up a concern: I wonder how many of AncestryDNA’s customers realize that their health data might be used for more than their own ancestry research? The fact that the company can do this with customer DNA is buried deep in their seven pages of Terms and Conditions (although they did say that they regularly email privacy updates to their users). But if you're anything like me, you'll just check the box without reading all the fine print. I'll be keeping a close eye on any potential fallout from the company’s first official use of people’s DNA for something besides ancestry research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, uncovering valuable insights from DNA seems like a good cause. Well, as long as these life extending therapies are ultimately available to the general public (AncestryDNA general manager Ken Chahine stressed his hope that the data, at least, will improve health care for everyone). Wouldn’t it be sad if someone whose DNA was used in the study could not afford the eventual treatment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DNA + Ancestry Research = Jackpot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mining a DNA database is only useful if the DNA tests and the information you need about the participants are present and accurate. Which is why AncestryDNA’s database is such a treasure trove for geneticists who study longevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19817\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-19817\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison.jpg\" alt=\"Perhaps we can find something in our DNA that frees us from the process of aging. Here's hoping! (Jordan Bartol)\" width=\"500\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison-400x342.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perhaps we can find something in our DNA that frees us from the process of aging. Here's hoping! (\u003ca href=\"http://jordanbartol.com/genetics\">Jordan Bartol\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>AncestryDNA is affiliated with Ancestry.com which is a one-stop shop for investigating your family history. You can, among other things, build your family tree by following a paper trail back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this also means is you have the best-available data tied to your family tree. You know how old great aunt Tilly was when she died and you have the same sort of information for lots of other relatives up your family tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have as accurate a record as possible about whether your family has the right genes to live to a ripe old age. They don’t need to rely on word of mouth or shared family memory. They have data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is this combination of accurate historical data and accurate DNA tests that make AncestryDNA a promising partner for Calico. And the million-strong database will only continue to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not So Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case anyone is getting overly excited, keep in mind this will be no easy feat. It will almost certainly be very hard to identify what makes some people live longer than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that aging is really just the slow breakdown of our cells and bodies. What we don’t know is why it happens when it does. (Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/23/understanding-aging-to-live-longer/\">here\u003c/a> for a detailed discussion of this point.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best case scenario is probably one where aging is due to some switch or program that kicks in at a certain time. Basically we can repair the damage to our bodies pretty well up to that point. If this is the case, then we really only need to find this program in our genes. We can then figure out how it works and how to disrupt it. The final part would be to develop or find a drug that shuts it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem becomes much harder if aging occurs because our repair can’t keep up with damage over time. In this case, there will probably be many different genes involved in many different processes that cause people to live longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the real process of aging is, we are also up against the fact that living a really long time probably was not a huge advantage thousands of years ago. Because of how natural selection works, this means there probably won't be a common DNA difference that explains living longer in all of these people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead there will be extended family groups that share a DNA difference not found in other family groups. These are incredibly hard to find with the sorts of limited \"\u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/genomicresearch/gwastudies\">GWAS\u003c/a>\" tests that AncestryDNA and 23andMe offer (click \u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/728457\">here \u003c/a>to learn why this is). A better genetic test for cases like this are to either sequence every gene (exome sequencing) or every bit of DNA (whole genome sequencing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may have to wait longer to develop that ideal database for finding the fountain of youth. AncestryDNA's Chahine did say that genome sequencing \"could make sense\" in the future. Given how cheap and easy sequencing has become, that day may come sooner than we think.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The secret to a longer life may be lurking in the DNA of the million or so folks who have signed up for the services of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ancestry.com/\">AncestryDNA\u003c/a>. At least that is what \u003ca href=\"http://www.calicolabs.com/\">Calico\u003c/a>, a Google-funded company that is researching ways to make us all live longer, is hoping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calicolabs.com/news/2015/07/21/\">two companies have teamed up\u003c/a> to mine AncestryDNA’s genetic database for families with lots of very old people\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> The hope is that they will find a few bits of DNA that the long-lived people share -- and that this will lead Calico to life-extending therapies. We will all get to live longer even if we weren’t lucky enough to inherit that DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate prize would be that the database holds a clue that helps us uncover why we age in the first place. Then we might be able to tweak the newly-uncovered process so that we really slow down aging or, dare I say it, stop it in its tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19814\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-19814\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans.jpg\" alt=\"It took just a few, small genes to make this little roundworm live four times as long as it normally would. Maybe we can find something similar in people. (Wikimedia Commons)\" width=\"500\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Celegans-400x290.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It took just a few, small genetics to make this little roundworm live four times as long as it normally would. Maybe we can find something similar in people. (\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Caenorhabditis_elegans.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Who knows, maybe one day we can expect to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jan/11/-sp-live-forever-extend-life-calico-google-longevity\">live to be 1000\u003c/a>! Or, at the very least, maybe renowned geneticist Craig Venter and his new company \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/\">Human Longevity Inc.\u003c/a> are right and \"\u003ca href=\"http://io9.com/craig-venters-new-longevity-startup-will-make-100-the-1536833065\">100 will become the new 60\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may seem like an exciting prospect, but we don’t know yet if AncestryDNA's database has what Calico is looking for. But in my opinion, this one is about as good as it gets right now for finding the silver bullet that slays aging. And if Calico can add data from \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a>, another DNA testing company that Google has ponied up money for, then the chances get even better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all brings up a concern: I wonder how many of AncestryDNA’s customers realize that their health data might be used for more than their own ancestry research? The fact that the company can do this with customer DNA is buried deep in their seven pages of Terms and Conditions (although they did say that they regularly email privacy updates to their users). But if you're anything like me, you'll just check the box without reading all the fine print. I'll be keeping a close eye on any potential fallout from the company’s first official use of people’s DNA for something besides ancestry research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, uncovering valuable insights from DNA seems like a good cause. Well, as long as these life extending therapies are ultimately available to the general public (AncestryDNA general manager Ken Chahine stressed his hope that the data, at least, will improve health care for everyone). Wouldn’t it be sad if someone whose DNA was used in the study could not afford the eventual treatment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DNA + Ancestry Research = Jackpot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mining a DNA database is only useful if the DNA tests and the information you need about the participants are present and accurate. Which is why AncestryDNA’s database is such a treasure trove for geneticists who study longevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19817\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-19817\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison.jpg\" alt=\"Perhaps we can find something in our DNA that frees us from the process of aging. Here's hoping! (Jordan Bartol)\" width=\"500\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/DNAprison-400x342.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Perhaps we can find something in our DNA that frees us from the process of aging. Here's hoping! (\u003ca href=\"http://jordanbartol.com/genetics\">Jordan Bartol\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>AncestryDNA is affiliated with Ancestry.com which is a one-stop shop for investigating your family history. You can, among other things, build your family tree by following a paper trail back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this also means is you have the best-available data tied to your family tree. You know how old great aunt Tilly was when she died and you have the same sort of information for lots of other relatives up your family tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have as accurate a record as possible about whether your family has the right genes to live to a ripe old age. They don’t need to rely on word of mouth or shared family memory. They have data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is this combination of accurate historical data and accurate DNA tests that make AncestryDNA a promising partner for Calico. And the million-strong database will only continue to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not So Fast\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case anyone is getting overly excited, keep in mind this will be no easy feat. It will almost certainly be very hard to identify what makes some people live longer than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that aging is really just the slow breakdown of our cells and bodies. What we don’t know is why it happens when it does. (Click \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/23/understanding-aging-to-live-longer/\">here\u003c/a> for a detailed discussion of this point.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best case scenario is probably one where aging is due to some switch or program that kicks in at a certain time. Basically we can repair the damage to our bodies pretty well up to that point. If this is the case, then we really only need to find this program in our genes. We can then figure out how it works and how to disrupt it. The final part would be to develop or find a drug that shuts it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem becomes much harder if aging occurs because our repair can’t keep up with damage over time. In this case, there will probably be many different genes involved in many different processes that cause people to live longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the real process of aging is, we are also up against the fact that living a really long time probably was not a huge advantage thousands of years ago. Because of how natural selection works, this means there probably won't be a common DNA difference that explains living longer in all of these people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead there will be extended family groups that share a DNA difference not found in other family groups. These are incredibly hard to find with the sorts of limited \"\u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/genomicresearch/gwastudies\">GWAS\u003c/a>\" tests that AncestryDNA and 23andMe offer (click \u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/728457\">here \u003c/a>to learn why this is). A better genetic test for cases like this are to either sequence every gene (exome sequencing) or every bit of DNA (whole genome sequencing).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We may have to wait longer to develop that ideal database for finding the fountain of youth. AncestryDNA's Chahine did say that genome sequencing \"could make sense\" in the future. Given how cheap and easy sequencing has become, that day may come sooner than we think.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Child Who Had Camped at Yosemite Recovering From the Plague",
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"content": "\u003cp>A child from Los Angeles County is recovering from a case of the plague, state health officials reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child was hospitalized after visiting Stanislaus National Forest and camping at Yosemite National Park's Crane Flat Campground. No one else in the child's group became sick, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other information about the child was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cases of plague in California are very rare,\" said Vicki Kramer, chief of the vector-borne disease section of the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). \"Every year, however, we do detect animals with plague in California, particularly at higher elevations. We've found it in 49 [of California's 58] counties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plague is an infectious bacterial disease carried by squirrels, chipmunks and other wild rodents as well as their fleas. The fleas \"prefer to live on rodents,\" Kramer said, so generally don't pose a threat to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's only when the rodents die that they may seek an alternative host, such as a person,\" she said. But a person would need to come into very close contact with the rodent to become infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid this close contact, keep your distance from wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Danielle Buttke is with the U.S. Public Health Service and is currently in Yosemite investigating the outbreak, along with CDPH and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never touch or feed wildlife,\" she said. \"Don't try to approach them, give them their space.\" In particular, steer clear of animals acting strangely, because it is more likely that the animal is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other protective measures that \u003ca href=\"http://Crane%20Flat%20Campground%20at\" target=\"_blank\">CDPH recommends \u003c/a>include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Never touch sick or dead rodents\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid walking, hiking or camping near rodent burrows\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear long pants tucked into socks or boot tops to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spray insect repellent containing DEET on socks and pant cuffs to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Keep wild rodents out of homes, trailers, and outbuildings and away from pets\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The initial symptoms of plague include high fever, chills, nausea, weakness and swollen glands. Plague is treatable in the early stages with prompt administration of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says there have been no known cases of human-to-human infection in California since 1924. The last human case of plague in the state was in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasha Khokha and Kerry Klein contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's only when the rodents die that they may seek an alternative host, such as a person,\" she said. But a person would need to come into very close contact with the rodent to become infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To avoid this close contact, keep your distance from wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Danielle Buttke is with the U.S. Public Health Service and is currently in Yosemite investigating the outbreak, along with CDPH and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never touch or feed wildlife,\" she said. \"Don't try to approach them, give them their space.\" In particular, steer clear of animals acting strangely, because it is more likely that the animal is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other protective measures that \u003ca href=\"http://Crane%20Flat%20Campground%20at\" target=\"_blank\">CDPH recommends \u003c/a>include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Never touch sick or dead rodents\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid walking, hiking or camping near rodent burrows\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear long pants tucked into socks or boot tops to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Spray insect repellent containing DEET on socks and pant cuffs to reduce exposure to fleas\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Keep wild rodents out of homes, trailers, and outbuildings and away from pets\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The initial symptoms of plague include high fever, chills, nausea, weakness and swollen glands. Plague is treatable in the early stages with prompt administration of antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says there have been no known cases of human-to-human infection in California since 1924. The last human case of plague in the state was in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasha Khokha and Kerry Klein contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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