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"content": "\u003cp>Craig Venter was the scientist who, in competition with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genome.gov/\">National Human Genome Research Institute\u003c/a>, sequenced the human genome over a decade ago, at a cost of $100 million. Today, he runs a La Jolla, Calif.-based company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/\">Human Longevity Inc.\u003c/a> or HLI, which is building a massive database of genetic information in the hopes of finding links to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venter may have built a business around longevity, but he does not want to live forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On stage at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockhealthsummit.com/\">Rock Health Summit\u003c/a> in San Francisco on Wednesday, Venter said his mission is to support a “higher-quality life span,” and “predict everything we can from the genetic code,” rather than to find the elixir for eternal life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47055\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLlg1eVAAEwWI7.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Venter speaking at the Rock Health Summit.\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLlg1eVAAEwWI7.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLlg1eVAAEwWI7-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Craig Venter speaking at the Rock Health Summit. \u003ccite>(Rock Health)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One example is to use cutting-edge genetics to eradicate cancer, which he predicts would add about three to four years to our life spans. In an interview with KQED after his panel, Venter said the billionaires of the world may be attracted to the idea of living significantly longer, \u003ca href=\"http://io9.com/lust-for-life-breaking-the-120-year-barrier-in-human-a-676347543\">potentially even for 120 years or more\u003c/a>, but that's “socially irresponsible” and would further deplete the world’s resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be able to give us that higher quality lifespan, Venter's company \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/\">HLI\u003c/a> is going to need a lot of people's genomes to study. And one way they plan to get a hold of all that information is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a> model: Cheap genetic testing in exchange for storing your genetic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The $250 Exome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47056\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47056\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLthe8VAAA6QYP.jpg\" alt=\"KQED Senior Science Editor Andrea Kissack interviewing Craig Venter. \" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLthe8VAAA6QYP.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLthe8VAAA6QYP-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED Senior Science Editor Andrea Kissack interviewing Craig Venter. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>HLI is offering very cheap genetic testing compared to most of the market. For \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/category/press-release/\">just $250\u003c/a> (of which only $125 is out of pocket), people in South Africa and the U.K who are insured through \u003ca href=\"https://www.discovery.co.za/portal/\">Discovery Ltd\u003c/a> can get their DNA sequenced. That's quite a drop from the $100,000 this might have cost just five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These customers won’t have every A, G, C, and T looked at as HLI is only offering to sequence the 2 percent of the genome that is genes (the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exome\">exome\u003c/a>). But that is a major step forward for genetic testing. Something like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v59/n1/full/jhg2013114a.html\">85 percent of disease causing mutations\u003c/a> for simple genetic diseases are in this part of our DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We can predict now just one percent of what we will be able to predict in ten years time.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Craig Venter, Molecular Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those who opt in to the test will learn about what known diseases they might carry and potentially pass on to their children. Genetic counselors and health care providers will help walk them through the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In turn, HLI will get to use their DNA to research ways to help us all (or at least their paying customers) live longer, healthier lives. And some of this data \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/human-longevity-inc-announces-kurt-oreshack-as-general-counsel/\">may be sold to pharmaceutical companies\u003c/a> to bolster medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Owns Your DNA?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA.jpg\" alt=\"Are you willing to let a company use your DNA for profit if you get a cheaper DNA test out of it? (Pixabay)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Are you willing to let a company use your DNA for profit if you get a cheaper DNA test out of it? (\u003ca href=\"https://pixabay.com/en/microbiology-dna-people-structure-163521/\">Pixabay\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leveraging a massive database of people's DNA isn’t as shady or nefarious as it may seem. Venter is a proponent of removing all personal identifiers, and keeping people's data secure. He does not advocate sharing data publicly on code repository sites like \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/\">Github\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Rock Health Summit, he joked that the one lesson he would \"pass on to the young Craig Venter\" is to avoid sharing his genome on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HLI's plan is that no one will know that Sam is a carrier for sickle cell anemia or that Susie has an unfortunate mutation in her BRCA1 gene. HLI and the companies they sell the data to will instead get access to the genome of an anonymous person with sickle cell anemia or a BRCA1 mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, customers will access more detailed information than a direct to consumer service like 23andMe. Exome sequencing reveals far more DNA than a more common process called genotyping, and each exome will be linked to a patient’s medical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of database should make it easier for Venter's company to find new ways to help us age more gracefully and for other companies to find new treatments for a variety of illnesses. As Venter stressed at the Rock Health conference, this kind of research can lead to \"a life without debilitating disease,\" and a subsequent reduction in health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But It Is My DNA!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient ordering one of these tests will see the results filtered through doctors, genetic counselors and other mediators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people find this part a little odd. After all, a person’s DNA is by definition theirs. Why can’t they have access to the instructions for building them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason is the risks that can come from people misinterpreting their DNA results. \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2013/ucm376296.htm\">Federal regulators are concerned \u003c/a>that people will see something in their genes involved in disease, misinterpret their result, and put further strain on the health system by ordering unnecessary tests and procedures. Nor do they want paternity issues laid bare that tear families apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venter said we desperately need additional training for doctors to interpret genomic results for their patients. For this reason, HLI is working on an online training program geared to practicing physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite these risks, Venter stressed that it's well worth shelling out a few hundred dollars for an exome sequencing test. As he points out, it can lead to valuable personal health discoveries and is cheaper than a cable television subscription. And this is just the beginning. Scientists now have at their fingertips the super-computing power to trawl through a massive amount of genetic information, and find new links to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can predict now just one percent of what we can predict in ten years time,\" said Venter. \"This next decade will be the most exciting in the history of biology and medicine.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Craig Venter was the scientist who, in competition with the National Human Genome Research Institute, sequenced the human genome over a decade ago, at a cost of $100 million.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Craig Venter was the scientist who, in competition with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genome.gov/\">National Human Genome Research Institute\u003c/a>, sequenced the human genome over a decade ago, at a cost of $100 million. Today, he runs a La Jolla, Calif.-based company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/\">Human Longevity Inc.\u003c/a> or HLI, which is building a massive database of genetic information in the hopes of finding links to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venter may have built a business around longevity, but he does not want to live forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On stage at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockhealthsummit.com/\">Rock Health Summit\u003c/a> in San Francisco on Wednesday, Venter said his mission is to support a “higher-quality life span,” and “predict everything we can from the genetic code,” rather than to find the elixir for eternal life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47055\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLlg1eVAAEwWI7.jpg\" alt=\"Craig Venter speaking at the Rock Health Summit.\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLlg1eVAAEwWI7.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLlg1eVAAEwWI7-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Craig Venter speaking at the Rock Health Summit. \u003ccite>(Rock Health)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One example is to use cutting-edge genetics to eradicate cancer, which he predicts would add about three to four years to our life spans. In an interview with KQED after his panel, Venter said the billionaires of the world may be attracted to the idea of living significantly longer, \u003ca href=\"http://io9.com/lust-for-life-breaking-the-120-year-barrier-in-human-a-676347543\">potentially even for 120 years or more\u003c/a>, but that's “socially irresponsible” and would further deplete the world’s resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be able to give us that higher quality lifespan, Venter's company \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/\">HLI\u003c/a> is going to need a lot of people's genomes to study. And one way they plan to get a hold of all that information is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a> model: Cheap genetic testing in exchange for storing your genetic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The $250 Exome\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47056\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-47056\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLthe8VAAA6QYP.jpg\" alt=\"KQED Senior Science Editor Andrea Kissack interviewing Craig Venter. \" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLthe8VAAA6QYP.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/10/CQLthe8VAAA6QYP-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED Senior Science Editor Andrea Kissack interviewing Craig Venter. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>HLI is offering very cheap genetic testing compared to most of the market. For \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/category/press-release/\">just $250\u003c/a> (of which only $125 is out of pocket), people in South Africa and the U.K who are insured through \u003ca href=\"https://www.discovery.co.za/portal/\">Discovery Ltd\u003c/a> can get their DNA sequenced. That's quite a drop from the $100,000 this might have cost just five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These customers won’t have every A, G, C, and T looked at as HLI is only offering to sequence the 2 percent of the genome that is genes (the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exome\">exome\u003c/a>). But that is a major step forward for genetic testing. Something like \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v59/n1/full/jhg2013114a.html\">85 percent of disease causing mutations\u003c/a> for simple genetic diseases are in this part of our DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We can predict now just one percent of what we will be able to predict in ten years time.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Craig Venter, Molecular Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those who opt in to the test will learn about what known diseases they might carry and potentially pass on to their children. Genetic counselors and health care providers will help walk them through the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In turn, HLI will get to use their DNA to research ways to help us all (or at least their paying customers) live longer, healthier lives. And some of this data \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanlongevity.com/human-longevity-inc-announces-kurt-oreshack-as-general-counsel/\">may be sold to pharmaceutical companies\u003c/a> to bolster medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Owns Your DNA?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA.jpg\" alt=\"Are you willing to let a company use your DNA for profit if you get a cheaper DNA test out of it? (Pixabay)\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/DNA-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Are you willing to let a company use your DNA for profit if you get a cheaper DNA test out of it? (\u003ca href=\"https://pixabay.com/en/microbiology-dna-people-structure-163521/\">Pixabay\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leveraging a massive database of people's DNA isn’t as shady or nefarious as it may seem. Venter is a proponent of removing all personal identifiers, and keeping people's data secure. He does not advocate sharing data publicly on code repository sites like \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/\">Github\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Rock Health Summit, he joked that the one lesson he would \"pass on to the young Craig Venter\" is to avoid sharing his genome on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HLI's plan is that no one will know that Sam is a carrier for sickle cell anemia or that Susie has an unfortunate mutation in her BRCA1 gene. HLI and the companies they sell the data to will instead get access to the genome of an anonymous person with sickle cell anemia or a BRCA1 mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, customers will access more detailed information than a direct to consumer service like 23andMe. Exome sequencing reveals far more DNA than a more common process called genotyping, and each exome will be linked to a patient’s medical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of database should make it easier for Venter's company to find new ways to help us age more gracefully and for other companies to find new treatments for a variety of illnesses. As Venter stressed at the Rock Health conference, this kind of research can lead to \"a life without debilitating disease,\" and a subsequent reduction in health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But It Is My DNA!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient ordering one of these tests will see the results filtered through doctors, genetic counselors and other mediators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people find this part a little odd. After all, a person’s DNA is by definition theirs. Why can’t they have access to the instructions for building them?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason is the risks that can come from people misinterpreting their DNA results. \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2013/ucm376296.htm\">Federal regulators are concerned \u003c/a>that people will see something in their genes involved in disease, misinterpret their result, and put further strain on the health system by ordering unnecessary tests and procedures. Nor do they want paternity issues laid bare that tear families apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venter said we desperately need additional training for doctors to interpret genomic results for their patients. For this reason, HLI is working on an online training program geared to practicing physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite these risks, Venter stressed that it's well worth shelling out a few hundred dollars for an exome sequencing test. As he points out, it can lead to valuable personal health discoveries and is cheaper than a cable television subscription. And this is just the beginning. Scientists now have at their fingertips the super-computing power to trawl through a massive amount of genetic information, and find new links to disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can predict now just one percent of what we can predict in ten years time,\" said Venter. \"This next decade will be the most exciting in the history of biology and medicine.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Dirty Cooling Towers Blamed for San Quentin Legionnaires' Outbreak",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Dirty cooling towers were to blame for an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/28/san-quentin-responds-to-possible-legionnaires-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of Legionnaires' disease\u003c/a> that has sickened dozens of inmates and at least three employees at San Quentin State Prison since late August, according to a report Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests showed two of the towers on the roof of the prison's Central Health Services Building had high concentrations of the bacterium that causes the disease, according to the federal receiver who controls inmate medical care. The report says people walking near the towers evidently inhaled contaminated mist, because no drinking water was affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Receiver J. Clark Kelso blamed a buildup of sludge in the cooling tower water pans, as well as a heat wave in the San Francisco Bay Area, for the Legionnaires' disease outbreak that sickened 81 inmates and sent 13 of them to outside hospitals. Twelve employees are still being tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The towers have since been cleaned and the 163-year-old prison north of San Francisco is back to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Donald Specter with the Prison Law Office, an advocacy group, says the administration handled the situation well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were quite transparent about the whole process. We were allowed to go into the prison and interview scores of prisoners and talk to prison officials. And they brought in the appropriate specialists to help them solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a time, the outbreak caused the state's oldest prison to cancel visits, hot meals and showers, and haul in water and portable toilets for the more than 3,300 inmates and 1,200 employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legionnaires' disease is considered a severe type of pneumonia that can bring high fever, chills and a cough. It occurs when contaminated water is inhaled in the form of steam, mist or moisture. A recent outbreak that sickened 128 people and killed 12 in New York City was similarly traced to a Bronx hotel's rooftop air conditioning unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it is working with employees at prisons statewide to make sure they carefully clean danger areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Kelso reported that 88 percent of 5,420 inmates housed in Avenal and Pleasant Valley state prisons, the epicenter of California's Valley Fever outbreak, recently refused to be tested for exposure to the soil-borne fungus that causes the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who were tested at the two Central Valley prisons were four times as likely to have been exposed to the fungus as inmates at other state prisons. However, the high rate of refusals raises questions about the effectiveness of the testing, which cost taxpayers $5.4 million this year, Kelso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prison system is using the tests to decide which inmates can more safely be housed at the prisons near Fresno. An early round of tests this year forced more than 2,100 inmates to be moved from the two prisons, while more than 3,000 inmates could be moved in to take their place because they are less likely to get the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Gransee, a spokeswoman for the receiver, said the office is sending a team to talk to inmate representatives at the two prisons to find out why so many refused, and it plans an education campaign based on the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andrew Stelzer contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — Dirty cooling towers were to blame for an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/28/san-quentin-responds-to-possible-legionnaires-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\">outbreak of Legionnaires' disease\u003c/a> that has sickened dozens of inmates and at least three employees at San Quentin State Prison since late August, according to a report Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests showed two of the towers on the roof of the prison's Central Health Services Building had high concentrations of the bacterium that causes the disease, according to the federal receiver who controls inmate medical care. The report says people walking near the towers evidently inhaled contaminated mist, because no drinking water was affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Receiver J. Clark Kelso blamed a buildup of sludge in the cooling tower water pans, as well as a heat wave in the San Francisco Bay Area, for the Legionnaires' disease outbreak that sickened 81 inmates and sent 13 of them to outside hospitals. Twelve employees are still being tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The towers have since been cleaned and the 163-year-old prison north of San Francisco is back to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Donald Specter with the Prison Law Office, an advocacy group, says the administration handled the situation well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were quite transparent about the whole process. We were allowed to go into the prison and interview scores of prisoners and talk to prison officials. And they brought in the appropriate specialists to help them solve the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a time, the outbreak caused the state's oldest prison to cancel visits, hot meals and showers, and haul in water and portable toilets for the more than 3,300 inmates and 1,200 employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legionnaires' disease is considered a severe type of pneumonia that can bring high fever, chills and a cough. It occurs when contaminated water is inhaled in the form of steam, mist or moisture. A recent outbreak that sickened 128 people and killed 12 in New York City was similarly traced to a Bronx hotel's rooftop air conditioning unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation said it is working with employees at prisons statewide to make sure they carefully clean danger areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Kelso reported that 88 percent of 5,420 inmates housed in Avenal and Pleasant Valley state prisons, the epicenter of California's Valley Fever outbreak, recently refused to be tested for exposure to the soil-borne fungus that causes the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who were tested at the two Central Valley prisons were four times as likely to have been exposed to the fungus as inmates at other state prisons. However, the high rate of refusals raises questions about the effectiveness of the testing, which cost taxpayers $5.4 million this year, Kelso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prison system is using the tests to decide which inmates can more safely be housed at the prisons near Fresno. An early round of tests this year forced more than 2,100 inmates to be moved from the two prisons, while more than 3,000 inmates could be moved in to take their place because they are less likely to get the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liz Gransee, a spokeswoman for the receiver, said the office is sending a team to talk to inmate representatives at the two prisons to find out why so many refused, and it plans an education campaign based on the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Andrew Stelzer contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\">[twitter-timeline id=648946367306469378 username=chrissyfarr]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockhealthsummit.com/\">Rock Health Summit\u003c/a> in San Francisco draws some of the biggest names in technology and health care, including geneticist Craig Venter, Chief Data Scientist at the White House DJ Patil and Fitbit CEO James Park. Rock Health is a fund for early-stage digital health startups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual conference takes place at UCSF's Mission Bay Conference Center on Tuesday and Wednesday of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case you're missing it, here are some of the highlights. I'll be updating this post throughout the conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 4.15pm Wednesday Sept 30 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Facebook CFO David Ebersman opened up about his experiences starting a behavioral health company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.lyrahealth.com/\">Lyra Health\u003c/a>. Ebersman admitted that the stigma around mental health is still a challenge, but he said we're seeing signs of progress. \"Not that long ago,\" he said, \"there was a stigma about cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chrissyfarr/status/649362108715413504\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm signing off for tonight, folks. Thanks for following!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3.30pm Wednesday Sept 30\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of startup founders, including Collective Health's Ali Diab and Stride Health's Noah Lang, offered some salient advice to would-be health entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diab said he spent six months reading about the intricacies of the health sector before starting his company. \"Do your homework,\" he said. \"It's not enough to have a great idea.\" Those who want to succeed in health need to understand the landscape, including the insurance providers, employers, and the regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chrissyfarr/status/649350507278893056\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lang said it's important to understand the regulation and policies underpinning health care. But he said, \"don't rely on that.\" Policy is liable to change and potentially even get repealed with each new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2.30pm Wednesday, Sept 30 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molecular-biology pioneer Craig Venter spoke about the power of technology, which is making it cheaper and easier to sequence human genes. Venter was among the first scientists to map the human genome over a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also the first person to have his genome sequenced, and learned that he was at a high risk for melanoma. Venter had a scare a few years back, but had the melanoma removed before it had a chance to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/hmunderwood/status/649334591426162688\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venter is currently working on extending the human life span through his company Human Longevity Inc. Much of this work involves collecting human genetic data. \"We are trying to have the richest sources of all diseases that we can,\" he said. \u003ca href=\"http://www.technologyreview.com/news/541516/j-craig-venter-to-sell-dna-data-to-consumers/\">Read more here\u003c/a> about Venter's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Venter, a big focus is on building a massive data-set and testing scientific assumptions about genetic associations. \"There is so much useless and wrong information about genetics in the literature,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I enjoyed hearing Venter deliberate on the future of privacy and security when it comes to our genetic information. Venter implied that it would not be feasible to \"de-identify\" your genetic blueprint (his lab is looking into predicting a person's face shape from a voice recording alone). But he did say security will become more important, and that it's not a good idea to share your DNA on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/drnic1/status/649335057891483648\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED's Senior Science Editor Andrea Kissack, Venter urged people to get their exome sequenced, which costs about $250. \"That's less than a month of cable,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chrissyfarr/status/649342458103394304\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1.30pm Wednesday, Sept. 30\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46657\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Thea Runyan, cofounder of weight loss app Kurbo Health. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thea Runyan, cofounder of weight loss app Kurbo Health. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I spoke with Thea Runyan, cofounder of Kurbo Health, over a nutritious lunch. Runyan's startup Kurbo Health is a coaching and weight loss app for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her advice for healthy eating: Unlimited fruits and vegetables, and avoid \"red light\" foods, like ice cream. She doesn't think that activity-tracking wearables for kids are the answer to the childhood obesity epidemic. \"Most end up in a drawer,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11am Wednesday, Sept. 30: \u003c/strong>James Park, CEO of wearables maker \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit\u003c/a> admits that the company \"pioneered the art of shipping late hardware products.\" The company got its start in 2007, showed off a demo at TechCrunch's Disrupt conference in 2008, but didn't ship its first product until September of 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46603\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/fitbit.jpg\" alt=\"Venture capitalist Brook Byers interviews CEO's from Evolent Health and Fitbit. \" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/fitbit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/fitbit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venture capitalist Brook Byers interviews CEO's from Evolent Health and Fitbit. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I'm expecting some exciting new products from Fitbit in the coming years. Park said the company now spends $100 million on research and development: about two-thirds for software development, and the remaining one-third for hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evolent Health's CEO Frank Williams offered some interesting tidbits about cultivating company culture. Williams said on the day of the company's initial public offering, or IPO, he made eggs and pancakes for employees at the San Francisco offices. He said transparency is key for a health care business: There's no shame in speaking honestly about the potential pitfalls, as well as the opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mparakh/status/649284662829842432\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit's CEO offered some rare insight into the IPO, which performed better than analysts and Wall Street expected. He said he had fast food from Smashburger delivered to the corporate jet when making the rounds during the roadshow!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chrisseper/status/649288277304975360\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46251\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 358px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-46251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Rock-health.jpg\" alt=\"The Information's Editor-in-chief Jessica Lessin interviews investor Chamath Palihapitiya.\" width=\"358\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Rock-health.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Rock-health-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Information's Editor-in-chief Jessica Lessin interviews investor Chamath Palihapitiya. \u003ccite>(Rock Health)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5pm Tuesday, Sept. 29: \u003c/strong>Venture capitalist Chamath Palihapitiya brought the house down with a rallying cry for Silicon Valley's top investors to fund ambitious health care companies. He joked that startups that deliver brownies in the middle of the night have a better shot at procuring investment than new ventures tackling cancer and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether he saw a \"Facebook-sized opportunity\" in health care, he immediately quipped \"bigger.\" Palihapitiya previously worked at Facebook before starting a fund called Social Capital. He started investing in health care after watching numerous family members get diagnosed with diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was impressed with Palihapitiya's longer-term investment vision. Unlike most investors, he's not chasing the easy wins and is willing to wait a decade or more to see a big return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rock Health cofounder Halle Tecco backstage said Palihapitiya has a unique investment thesis that doesn't mirror most of Silicon Valley. She said that Rock Health takes pains to select conference speakers who are \"big thinkers, not just focused on incremental change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm signing off for tonight. Tune in to the same URL for live updates!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 4:00 p.m. Tuesday, Sept. 29: \u003c/strong>Adam Gazzaley, cognitive neuroscientist at UCSF, spoke on-stage about the transformative potential of virtual reality goggles in health care:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Augmented reality could be the next platform in five or ten years out. The potential is really profound when it comes to the brain. As the entertainment world increases affordability, I think we'll see a globalization of this whole field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ljanes/status/648999265985892352\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also commented on the potential of gaming for the aging population:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can train the brain through experience, through interactivity with gameplay, we have shown that we can reversing several of the neural and behavioral and cognitive changes associated with aging. We do look at these tools as powerful digital medicines or wellness tools.\" \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/01/using-games-to-train-our-brains-in-conversation-with-dr-adam-gazzaley/\">I recently interviewed Gazzaley for KQED\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/01/using-games-to-train-our-brains-in-conversation-with-dr-adam-gazzaley/\">Read more here!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Rock_Health/status/648994710992850944\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Spio, founder and president of \u003ca href=\"http://nextgalaxycorp.com/\">Next Galaxy\u003c/a> spoke about bringing augmented reality to kids and people with disabilities:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in wheelchairs tried [virtual reality headsets] and experienced sensations like they were flying and walking. We also see potential to bring these headsets into schools as a required part of the curriculum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my favorite quotes of the afternoon comes from Sandy Jen\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> cofounder of Honor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Honor-lands-20-million-for-senior-in-home-care-6173606.php\">in-home senior care startup Honor\u003c/a>. Jen spoke about the limitations of technology in health care:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The important part of what we do is building relationships. Tech can't replace a human bond.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:00 p.m. Tuesday, Sept. 29: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46203\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-46203\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/CQGf3EFUwAAeibE.jpg\" alt=\"Susannah Fox and DJ Patil at Rock Health's Summit \" width=\"371\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/CQGf3EFUwAAeibE.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/CQGf3EFUwAAeibE-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susannah Fox and DJ Patil at Rock Health's Summit \u003ccite>(Rock Health )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White House CTO DJ Patil pushed for more technology experts in health care:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we have a constitutional law professor [President Obama] who is tech-minded, we can do it for health care. The CEOs need to become technologists and we have to help them.\" Patil said Silicon Valley has a thing or two to learn from the White House, including how to hire a diverse workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Susannah Fox on broaching conversations about Healthcare.gov, the federal website for consumers' to shop for health insurance, which was plagued with errors when it initially launched:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Talking about healthcare.gov at HHS is like saying 'Lord Voldemort.' I'm going to say that word. Brace yourselves.\" But Fox stressed that HHS has a slew of innovative projects in the works, \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/idealab/\">including its IDEA Lab. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.rockhealthsummit.com/\">Rock Health Summit\u003c/a> in San Francisco draws some of the biggest names in technology and health care, including geneticist Craig Venter, Chief Data Scientist at the White House DJ Patil and Fitbit CEO James Park. Rock Health is a fund for early-stage digital health startups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual conference takes place at UCSF's Mission Bay Conference Center on Tuesday and Wednesday of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case you're missing it, here are some of the highlights. I'll be updating this post throughout the conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 4.15pm Wednesday Sept 30 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Facebook CFO David Ebersman opened up about his experiences starting a behavioral health company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.lyrahealth.com/\">Lyra Health\u003c/a>. Ebersman admitted that the stigma around mental health is still a challenge, but he said we're seeing signs of progress. \"Not that long ago,\" he said, \"there was a stigma about cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>I'm signing off for tonight, folks. Thanks for following!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3.30pm Wednesday Sept 30\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of startup founders, including Collective Health's Ali Diab and Stride Health's Noah Lang, offered some salient advice to would-be health entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diab said he spent six months reading about the intricacies of the health sector before starting his company. \"Do your homework,\" he said. \"It's not enough to have a great idea.\" Those who want to succeed in health need to understand the landscape, including the insurance providers, employers, and the regulation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Lang said it's important to understand the regulation and policies underpinning health care. But he said, \"don't rely on that.\" Policy is liable to change and potentially even get repealed with each new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2.30pm Wednesday, Sept 30 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molecular-biology pioneer Craig Venter spoke about the power of technology, which is making it cheaper and easier to sequence human genes. Venter was among the first scientists to map the human genome over a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also the first person to have his genome sequenced, and learned that he was at a high risk for melanoma. Venter had a scare a few years back, but had the melanoma removed before it had a chance to spread.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Venter is currently working on extending the human life span through his company Human Longevity Inc. Much of this work involves collecting human genetic data. \"We are trying to have the richest sources of all diseases that we can,\" he said. \u003ca href=\"http://www.technologyreview.com/news/541516/j-craig-venter-to-sell-dna-data-to-consumers/\">Read more here\u003c/a> about Venter's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Venter, a big focus is on building a massive data-set and testing scientific assumptions about genetic associations. \"There is so much useless and wrong information about genetics in the literature,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I enjoyed hearing Venter deliberate on the future of privacy and security when it comes to our genetic information. Venter implied that it would not be feasible to \"de-identify\" your genetic blueprint (his lab is looking into predicting a person's face shape from a voice recording alone). But he did say security will become more important, and that it's not a good idea to share your DNA on the Internet.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1.30pm Wednesday, Sept. 30\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46657\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Thea Runyan, cofounder of weight loss app Kurbo Health. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/thea-runyan-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thea Runyan, cofounder of weight loss app Kurbo Health. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I spoke with Thea Runyan, cofounder of Kurbo Health, over a nutritious lunch. Runyan's startup Kurbo Health is a coaching and weight loss app for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her advice for healthy eating: Unlimited fruits and vegetables, and avoid \"red light\" foods, like ice cream. She doesn't think that activity-tracking wearables for kids are the answer to the childhood obesity epidemic. \"Most end up in a drawer,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11am Wednesday, Sept. 30: \u003c/strong>James Park, CEO of wearables maker \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit\u003c/a> admits that the company \"pioneered the art of shipping late hardware products.\" The company got its start in 2007, showed off a demo at TechCrunch's Disrupt conference in 2008, but didn't ship its first product until September of 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-46603\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/fitbit.jpg\" alt=\"Venture capitalist Brook Byers interviews CEO's from Evolent Health and Fitbit. \" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/fitbit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/fitbit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venture capitalist Brook Byers interviews CEO's from Evolent Health and Fitbit. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I'm expecting some exciting new products from Fitbit in the coming years. Park said the company now spends $100 million on research and development: about two-thirds for software development, and the remaining one-third for hardware.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evolent Health's CEO Frank Williams offered some interesting tidbits about cultivating company culture. Williams said on the day of the company's initial public offering, or IPO, he made eggs and pancakes for employees at the San Francisco offices. He said transparency is key for a health care business: There's no shame in speaking honestly about the potential pitfalls, as well as the opportunities.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Fitbit's CEO offered some rare insight into the IPO, which performed better than analysts and Wall Street expected. He said he had fast food from Smashburger delivered to the corporate jet when making the rounds during the roadshow!\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46251\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 358px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-46251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Rock-health.jpg\" alt=\"The Information's Editor-in-chief Jessica Lessin interviews investor Chamath Palihapitiya.\" width=\"358\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Rock-health.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Rock-health-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Information's Editor-in-chief Jessica Lessin interviews investor Chamath Palihapitiya. \u003ccite>(Rock Health)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5pm Tuesday, Sept. 29: \u003c/strong>Venture capitalist Chamath Palihapitiya brought the house down with a rallying cry for Silicon Valley's top investors to fund ambitious health care companies. He joked that startups that deliver brownies in the middle of the night have a better shot at procuring investment than new ventures tackling cancer and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about whether he saw a \"Facebook-sized opportunity\" in health care, he immediately quipped \"bigger.\" Palihapitiya previously worked at Facebook before starting a fund called Social Capital. He started investing in health care after watching numerous family members get diagnosed with diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was impressed with Palihapitiya's longer-term investment vision. Unlike most investors, he's not chasing the easy wins and is willing to wait a decade or more to see a big return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rock Health cofounder Halle Tecco backstage said Palihapitiya has a unique investment thesis that doesn't mirror most of Silicon Valley. She said that Rock Health takes pains to select conference speakers who are \"big thinkers, not just focused on incremental change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm signing off for tonight. Tune in to the same URL for live updates!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 4:00 p.m. Tuesday, Sept. 29: \u003c/strong>Adam Gazzaley, cognitive neuroscientist at UCSF, spoke on-stage about the transformative potential of virtual reality goggles in health care:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Augmented reality could be the next platform in five or ten years out. The potential is really profound when it comes to the brain. As the entertainment world increases affordability, I think we'll see a globalization of this whole field.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>He also commented on the potential of gaming for the aging population:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can train the brain through experience, through interactivity with gameplay, we have shown that we can reversing several of the neural and behavioral and cognitive changes associated with aging. We do look at these tools as powerful digital medicines or wellness tools.\" \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/01/using-games-to-train-our-brains-in-conversation-with-dr-adam-gazzaley/\">I recently interviewed Gazzaley for KQED\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/07/01/using-games-to-train-our-brains-in-conversation-with-dr-adam-gazzaley/\">Read more here!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Mary Spio, founder and president of \u003ca href=\"http://nextgalaxycorp.com/\">Next Galaxy\u003c/a> spoke about bringing augmented reality to kids and people with disabilities:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in wheelchairs tried [virtual reality headsets] and experienced sensations like they were flying and walking. We also see potential to bring these headsets into schools as a required part of the curriculum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of my favorite quotes of the afternoon comes from Sandy Jen\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> cofounder of Honor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Honor-lands-20-million-for-senior-in-home-care-6173606.php\">in-home senior care startup Honor\u003c/a>. Jen spoke about the limitations of technology in health care:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The important part of what we do is building relationships. Tech can't replace a human bond.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:00 p.m. Tuesday, Sept. 29: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46203\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 371px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-46203\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/CQGf3EFUwAAeibE.jpg\" alt=\"Susannah Fox and DJ Patil at Rock Health's Summit \" width=\"371\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/CQGf3EFUwAAeibE.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/CQGf3EFUwAAeibE-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 371px) 100vw, 371px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Susannah Fox and DJ Patil at Rock Health's Summit \u003ccite>(Rock Health )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White House CTO DJ Patil pushed for more technology experts in health care:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we have a constitutional law professor [President Obama] who is tech-minded, we can do it for health care. The CEOs need to become technologists and we have to help them.\" Patil said Silicon Valley has a thing or two to learn from the White House, including how to hire a diverse workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS) Susannah Fox on broaching conversations about Healthcare.gov, the federal website for consumers' to shop for health insurance, which was plagued with errors when it initially launched:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Talking about healthcare.gov at HHS is like saying 'Lord Voldemort.' I'm going to say that word. Brace yourselves.\" But Fox stressed that HHS has a slew of innovative projects in the works, \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/idealab/\">including its IDEA Lab. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like many veterans, C.J. Keller returned home with unresolved trauma after a tour of duty in Iraq. He couldn't tolerate crowded places, and he sought relief by drinking heavily and working out aggressively at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I could have been a statistic,\" said Keller, who recently relocated from Baltimore, Maryland to Moorestown, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Keller met another U.S. Marine Corps veteran by chance, who convinced him to try yoga and get involved in occupational therapy. \"It saved my life,\" Keller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keller had something in common with another cohort involved in stressful situations. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/concussion-watch/new-87-deceased-nfl-players-test-positive-for-brain-disease/\">Studies have shown\u003c/a> that retired professional football players and veterans suffer from a wide range of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2012/05/16/boston-scientists-lead-team-that-pinpoints-brain-damage-vets-similar-football-injuries/cxhZosm8At1o5Er7dqjRUN/story.html\">neurological issues\u003c/a>. Both groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-veteran-suicide-20150115-story.html\">experience high rates of suicides\u003c/a>, and many do not receive the medical attention they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(More on this via PBS' FRONTLINE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/concussion-watch/new-87-deceased-nfl-players-test-positive-for-brain-disease/\">87 Deceased NFL Players Test Positive for Brain Disease\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/-2057481.htm\">a program\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/\">University of Rochester Medical Center \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdrise.com/lightitup\">Light It Up Foundation\u003c/a>, an outreach organization founded by retired NFL linebacker Keith Mitchell, aims to provide a new type of treatment to these groups. Like Keller, Mitchell \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2015/06/09/how-a-former-pro-football-player-found-yoga\">credits yoga\u003c/a> as a crucial part of his recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It's a very intense experience that puts the brain into warrior mode. But when they come home, they're not a warrior. That impacts their ability to live outside of that environment.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Heidi Schwarz, professor of clinical neurology at the University of Rochester\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The first 50 patients who are selected for the program will receive free medical treatment at the University of Rochester, as well as training in yoga, nutrition, mindfulness and meditation. To make it sustainable in the long-term, the program also has a digital component, courtesy of a San Francisco-based health technology startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.grandrounds.com/\">Grand Rounds.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Grand Rounds' CEO Owen Tripp, his company will help gather patients’ medical records online and connect those being treated to a multidisciplinary group of specialists at the University of Rochester and elsewhere for ongoing virtual consultations. Grand Rounds will also digitize patients’ care plans once their doctors have agreed on an intervention and course of treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program kicks off the first week of October, when participants will arrive in New York for a retreat. They will immediately be seen on-site by doctors from the University of Rochester before embarking on several days of guided meditations, yoga training and other health and wellness programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they return home, their doctors will contact them online via Grand Rounds, and they'll be offered the option to continue their mindfulness training online for eight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'No Easy Cure'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-800x494.jpg\" alt=\"The program is the brainchild of former NFL player Keith Mitchell.\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-800x494.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-400x247.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-1180x729.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-960x593.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell.jpg 1435w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The program is the brainchild of former NFL player Keith Mitchell. \u003ccite>(Keith Mitchell/Amir Magal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Many of their problems do not have an easy cure,\" said Heidi Schwarz, a professor of clinical neurology at the University of Rochester. Schwarz expects some of the participants will be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorder and other neurological conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Medications can be helpful, but a lot of what really makes a difference is lifestyle,\" she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarz said about half of the participants are veterans, and the other half are retired football players. It may sound like a yogi's dream, but the program is specifically designed for those who have \"unmet needs that are crying out for help\" and \"not just general wellness,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many football players receive health insurance through the NFL for five years into their retirement. Symptoms of dementia typically do not manifest until much later, although some players may qualify for longer-term health benefits in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/22/us/nfl-concussion-lawsuit-settlement/\">wake of a class action lawsuit and settlement\u003c/a> between the NFL and thousands of former players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiences of veterans and athletes vary widely. But Schwarz said there may be some benefit to bringing these individuals together. \"In both cases, it's an intense experience that puts the brain into warrior mode,\" she said. \"But when they come home, they're not a warrior. That impacts their ability to live outside of that environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, the program is a year long with regular virtual check-ins between the doctors and patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This isn't just about brain damage; it's about mental health too,\" Schwarz said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like many veterans, C.J. Keller returned home with unresolved trauma after a tour of duty in Iraq. He couldn't tolerate crowded places, and he sought relief by drinking heavily and working out aggressively at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I could have been a statistic,\" said Keller, who recently relocated from Baltimore, Maryland to Moorestown, New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Keller met another U.S. Marine Corps veteran by chance, who convinced him to try yoga and get involved in occupational therapy. \"It saved my life,\" Keller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keller had something in common with another cohort involved in stressful situations. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/concussion-watch/new-87-deceased-nfl-players-test-positive-for-brain-disease/\">Studies have shown\u003c/a> that retired professional football players and veterans suffer from a wide range of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2012/05/16/boston-scientists-lead-team-that-pinpoints-brain-damage-vets-similar-football-injuries/cxhZosm8At1o5Er7dqjRUN/story.html\">neurological issues\u003c/a>. Both groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-veteran-suicide-20150115-story.html\">experience high rates of suicides\u003c/a>, and many do not receive the medical attention they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(More on this via PBS' FRONTLINE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/sports/concussion-watch/new-87-deceased-nfl-players-test-positive-for-brain-disease/\">87 Deceased NFL Players Test Positive for Brain Disease\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/-2057481.htm\">a program\u003c/a> from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/\">University of Rochester Medical Center \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdrise.com/lightitup\">Light It Up Foundation\u003c/a>, an outreach organization founded by retired NFL linebacker Keith Mitchell, aims to provide a new type of treatment to these groups. Like Keller, Mitchell \u003ca href=\"http://health.usnews.com/health-news/blogs/eat-run/2015/06/09/how-a-former-pro-football-player-found-yoga\">credits yoga\u003c/a> as a crucial part of his recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It's a very intense experience that puts the brain into warrior mode. But when they come home, they're not a warrior. That impacts their ability to live outside of that environment.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Heidi Schwarz, professor of clinical neurology at the University of Rochester\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The first 50 patients who are selected for the program will receive free medical treatment at the University of Rochester, as well as training in yoga, nutrition, mindfulness and meditation. To make it sustainable in the long-term, the program also has a digital component, courtesy of a San Francisco-based health technology startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.grandrounds.com/\">Grand Rounds.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Grand Rounds' CEO Owen Tripp, his company will help gather patients’ medical records online and connect those being treated to a multidisciplinary group of specialists at the University of Rochester and elsewhere for ongoing virtual consultations. Grand Rounds will also digitize patients’ care plans once their doctors have agreed on an intervention and course of treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program kicks off the first week of October, when participants will arrive in New York for a retreat. They will immediately be seen on-site by doctors from the University of Rochester before embarking on several days of guided meditations, yoga training and other health and wellness programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they return home, their doctors will contact them online via Grand Rounds, and they'll be offered the option to continue their mindfulness training online for eight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'No Easy Cure'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_46101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-46101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-800x494.jpg\" alt=\"The program is the brainchild of former NFL player Keith Mitchell.\" width=\"800\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-800x494.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-400x247.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-1180x729.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell-960x593.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/mitchell.jpg 1435w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The program is the brainchild of former NFL player Keith Mitchell. \u003ccite>(Keith Mitchell/Amir Magal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Many of their problems do not have an easy cure,\" said Heidi Schwarz, a professor of clinical neurology at the University of Rochester. Schwarz expects some of the participants will be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorder and other neurological conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Medications can be helpful, but a lot of what really makes a difference is lifestyle,\" she explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwarz said about half of the participants are veterans, and the other half are retired football players. It may sound like a yogi's dream, but the program is specifically designed for those who have \"unmet needs that are crying out for help\" and \"not just general wellness,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many football players receive health insurance through the NFL for five years into their retirement. Symptoms of dementia typically do not manifest until much later, although some players may qualify for longer-term health benefits in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/22/us/nfl-concussion-lawsuit-settlement/\">wake of a class action lawsuit and settlement\u003c/a> between the NFL and thousands of former players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiences of veterans and athletes vary widely. But Schwarz said there may be some benefit to bringing these individuals together. \"In both cases, it's an intense experience that puts the brain into warrior mode,\" she said. \"But when they come home, they're not a warrior. That impacts their ability to live outside of that environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this reason, the program is a year long with regular virtual check-ins between the doctors and patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This isn't just about brain damage; it's about mental health too,\" Schwarz said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Supporters of an effort to repeal California's new law requiring mandatory vaccines for schoolchildren faced a Monday deadline to turn in enough signatures to qualify a ballot initiative asking voters to repeal the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group had until the end of the day to submit the needed 366,000 signatures to county clerks to ask California voters to repeal SB277, which struck down the state's personal belief exemption for immunizations, a move that requires nearly all public schoolchildren to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown signed SB277 into law earlier this year amid fierce opposition from some parents rights groups who argue the state should not force their children to be vaccinated. He said the science is clear that vaccines \"dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether supporters have enough signatures to make it to the ballot and it might not be known until next week, when clerks face a deadline to report how many signatures they received. The leading proponent of the effort, former Republican Assemblyman Tim Donnelly, said in an email Monday that volunteers were coerced and threatened while collecting signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donnelly did not return repeated messages inquiring about the effort's chances, but said in his email that he was proud of the volunteers who worked on the campaign \"whatever the outcome is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The SB277 Referendum was sabotaged from without and within by powerful forces from its very inception, but we never gave up and we never gave in,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's author, Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento, told reporters Monday that he's confident voters support the vaccination requirement, whether the initiative makes the ballot or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm sure the voters of California are not interested in letting a privileged few take away the rights of all Californians to be safe from preventable disease,\" Pan said. \"If they don't have the signatures, I think it would be a direct reflection of the fact that Californians wanted to see their communities safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will join Mississippi and West Virginia as the only states with such strict requirements, if the law takes effect as planned next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO, Calif. (AP) — Supporters of an effort to repeal California's new law requiring mandatory vaccines for schoolchildren faced a Monday deadline to turn in enough signatures to qualify a ballot initiative asking voters to repeal the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group had until the end of the day to submit the needed 366,000 signatures to county clerks to ask California voters to repeal SB277, which struck down the state's personal belief exemption for immunizations, a move that requires nearly all public schoolchildren to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown signed SB277 into law earlier this year amid fierce opposition from some parents rights groups who argue the state should not force their children to be vaccinated. He said the science is clear that vaccines \"dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear whether supporters have enough signatures to make it to the ballot and it might not be known until next week, when clerks face a deadline to report how many signatures they received. The leading proponent of the effort, former Republican Assemblyman Tim Donnelly, said in an email Monday that volunteers were coerced and threatened while collecting signatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donnelly did not return repeated messages inquiring about the effort's chances, but said in his email that he was proud of the volunteers who worked on the campaign \"whatever the outcome is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The SB277 Referendum was sabotaged from without and within by powerful forces from its very inception, but we never gave up and we never gave in,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's author, Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento, told reporters Monday that he's confident voters support the vaccination requirement, whether the initiative makes the ballot or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm sure the voters of California are not interested in letting a privileged few take away the rights of all Californians to be safe from preventable disease,\" Pan said. \"If they don't have the signatures, I think it would be a direct reflection of the fact that Californians wanted to see their communities safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will join Mississippi and West Virginia as the only states with such strict requirements, if the law takes effect as planned next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "‘Mindful’ Bear Aims to Teach Kids About Healthy Eating",
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"content": "\u003cp>For Caylin Proffitt, who was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of five, healthy food choices aren't really -- well -- a matter of choice. But it's not just children with diabetes who should avoid too many sugary treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Caylin's mother Kristina learned about an interactive \u003ca href=\"http://www.jerrythebear.com/\">toy bear called \"Jerry.\"\u003c/a> Children can keep Jerry in \"optimal health\" by tracking his pretend blood sugar levels and feeding him healthy food cards, which can be swiped across the bear's mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43810\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-43810\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg\" alt=\"Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant.\" width=\"329\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg 376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-400x639.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin.jpg 593w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant. \u003ccite>(Kristina Proffitt )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, Sproutel, the company behind Jerry the Bear, released a version of the toy targeted to all children ages five to nine. While the original bear aimed to help kids with diabetes, the new bear is focused on general wellness, nutrition and \"mindful\" eating. It's also more mindful of family budgets, priced at $99, down from the original $300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents of children with diabetes or food allergies can buy a special version for for $149, and access additional props, like an insulin pen or epinephrine pen. The new bear comes with \u003ca href=\"https://sproutel.wistia.com/medias/sl1d6sw0qr\">animated story books\u003c/a>, which provide further education to kids about nutrition and general health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carb counting and being mindful about their eating is difficult for kids,\" said Kristina Proffitt, who lives near Nashville, Tenn. \"But I remember my daughter giving Jerry a healthy lunch, and then deciding she would have something similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether the bear will appeal to children who have not been diagnosed with diabetes. Sproutel's founder and CEO Aaron Horowitz says the company uses research from the fields of gaming and behavioral science to change children's behavior in a fun and engaging way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, studies have shown that teddy bears can relieve anxiety for children, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847160\">particularly those who are chronically sick and hospitalized\u003c/a>. Sproutel's team plans to build on this research with a \u003ca href=\"http://pbn.com/Sproutel-to-receive-150K-in-federal-SBIR-funding,106341?utm_source=PBN+Master+List+-+All+Subscribers&utm_campaign=75512105cd-2015_0605_daily6_5_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_0e86591c9b-75512105cd-29912049\">$150,000 grant \u003c/a>from the National Institutes of Health. The team will use the money to conduct a small pilot study to determine whether\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> Jerry the Bear can reduce stress in the home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've seen all kinds of studies where kids with diabetes can better manage their own disease by taking care of pets or toys,\" said Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area branch of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/\">American Diabetes Association\u003c/a>. \"Really, we see benefits in any new, digital methods that can make it less onerous for children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Jerry has found a home with about 500 families. That's about four percent of children who were diagnosed with diabetes last year. Horowitz says early data shows that kids are using Jerry the Bear for an average of one hour per week, which he takes as an indication that they are engaging with the toy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg\" alt=\"The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \u003ccite>(Sproutel )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Horowitz came up with the idea for Jerry the Bear with his friend and co-founder, Hannah Chung, when he was an undergraduate at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child, Horowitz suffered from a medical condition called Growth Hormone Deficiency, which required regular injections. He saw a need for \"smart\" toys that could help future generations of children manage chronic illnesses, including diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We noticed in our early research with children with diabetes that they treated their teddy bears as if they had the disease,\" he said. \"They were role-playing everything they couldn't quite bear to do with their own bodies. That was what kicked us off.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For Caylin Proffitt, who was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of five, healthy food choices aren't really -- well -- a matter of choice. But it's not just children with diabetes who should avoid too many sugary treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, Caylin's mother Kristina learned about an interactive \u003ca href=\"http://www.jerrythebear.com/\">toy bear called \"Jerry.\"\u003c/a> Children can keep Jerry in \"optimal health\" by tracking his pretend blood sugar levels and feeding him healthy food cards, which can be swiped across the bear's mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43810\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-43810\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg\" alt=\"Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant.\" width=\"329\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-376x600.jpg 376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin-400x639.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/caylin.jpg 593w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Caylin Proffitt with Jerry, her 'smart' bear and dietary consultant. \u003ccite>(Kristina Proffitt )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This week, Sproutel, the company behind Jerry the Bear, released a version of the toy targeted to all children ages five to nine. While the original bear aimed to help kids with diabetes, the new bear is focused on general wellness, nutrition and \"mindful\" eating. It's also more mindful of family budgets, priced at $99, down from the original $300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents of children with diabetes or food allergies can buy a special version for for $149, and access additional props, like an insulin pen or epinephrine pen. The new bear comes with \u003ca href=\"https://sproutel.wistia.com/medias/sl1d6sw0qr\">animated story books\u003c/a>, which provide further education to kids about nutrition and general health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Carb counting and being mindful about their eating is difficult for kids,\" said Kristina Proffitt, who lives near Nashville, Tenn. \"But I remember my daughter giving Jerry a healthy lunch, and then deciding she would have something similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether the bear will appeal to children who have not been diagnosed with diabetes. Sproutel's founder and CEO Aaron Horowitz says the company uses research from the fields of gaming and behavioral science to change children's behavior in a fun and engaging way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, studies have shown that teddy bears can relieve anxiety for children, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18847160\">particularly those who are chronically sick and hospitalized\u003c/a>. Sproutel's team plans to build on this research with a \u003ca href=\"http://pbn.com/Sproutel-to-receive-150K-in-federal-SBIR-funding,106341?utm_source=PBN+Master+List+-+All+Subscribers&utm_campaign=75512105cd-2015_0605_daily6_5_2015&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_0e86591c9b-75512105cd-29912049\">$150,000 grant \u003c/a>from the National Institutes of Health. The team will use the money to conduct a small pilot study to determine whether\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> Jerry the Bear can reduce stress in the home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've seen all kinds of studies where kids with diabetes can better manage their own disease by taking care of pets or toys,\" said Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area branch of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.diabetes.org/\">American Diabetes Association\u003c/a>. \"Really, we see benefits in any new, digital methods that can make it less onerous for children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Jerry has found a home with about 500 families. That's about four percent of children who were diagnosed with diabetes last year. Horowitz says early data shows that kids are using Jerry the Bear for an average of one hour per week, which he takes as an indication that they are engaging with the toy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43806\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-43806\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg\" alt=\"The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \" width=\"480\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jerry-the-bear-team-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Providence, RI-based team behind Jerry the Bear. \u003ccite>(Sproutel )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Horowitz came up with the idea for Jerry the Bear with his friend and co-founder, Hannah Chung, when he was an undergraduate at Northwestern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a child, Horowitz suffered from a medical condition called Growth Hormone Deficiency, which required regular injections. He saw a need for \"smart\" toys that could help future generations of children manage chronic illnesses, including diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We noticed in our early research with children with diabetes that they treated their teddy bears as if they had the disease,\" he said. \"They were role-playing everything they couldn't quite bear to do with their own bodies. That was what kicked us off.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Seven 21st-Century Skills Doctors Wish They'd Learned in Medical School",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the past decade, the practice of medicine has transformed in a big way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's doctors are jotting notes on an iPad, and navigating various electronic medical record systems. And payment models are shifting to reward physicians for improving patient outcomes, rather than for ordering expensive tests and procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top medical schools are adapting slowly to these changes. Many schools are in the process of exploring which new skills should be taught to young doctors, either through the core curriculum or as an elective, and which are better learned as part of professional development. The American Medical Association recently doled out $11 million to about a dozen schools for new programs on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ama-assn.org/sub/accelerating-change/index.shtml\">future of medical education.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We need to have the emotional intelligence to understand how patients are really feeling.'\u003ccite>Alex Djuricich, University of Indiana\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're grappling with this big question of what should be the job of the medical school in the 21st-century,\" said Lawrence Sherman, a New York-based medical educator \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpSd5u_di9w\">and TED speaker\u003c/a>. \"We're still determining what the new skills should be, how they're taught and when they're taught.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED asked more than 20 doctors of all ages and specialties about the skill they wished they had learned (or learned about in more detail) in medical school. Some physicians wanted help understanding the new technologies; others saw benefit in focusing more on keeping their patients healthy, rather than just treating the sick. Here are their top picks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data Science and Statistics \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of physicians said they could benefit from a richer understanding of data science. It's not just businesses, but also medical practices and hospitals that are dealing with a deluge of data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top academic hospitals like Mount Sinai in New York are forging ahead with initiatives to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcoexist.com/3022050/futurist-forum/in-the-hospital-of-the-future-big-data-is-one-of-your-doctors\">collect data about a large patient population \u003c/a>and connect that to outcomes in order to understand disease and improve treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Medicine is increasingly data-driven,\" said Michael Turken, an internal medicine resident at \u003ca href=\"https://stanfordhealthcare.org/\">Stanford Healthcare\u003c/a> and a graduate of UCSF's medical school. \"And yet, almost none of us is equipped to understand the data as fully as we should, as fully as we need to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nutrition and Disease Prevention \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you regularly talk to your doctor about nutrition and exercise? If so, you're an anomaly. \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/06/23/your-doctor-says-he-doesnt-know-enough-about-nutrition-or-exercise/\">According to recent polls\u003c/a>, fewer than 25 percent of doctors say they got sufficient education to give nutritional or fitness advice to a patient. In fact, the number of hours dedicated to teaching nutrition in medical school has declined in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We received two or three hours of instruction on nutrition in four years of medical school,\" said Amanda Angelotti, a UCSF medical school graduate and clinical systems designer at primary care chain \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical Group\u003c/a>. \"Lifestyle diseases drive some of the biggest costs in healthcare and have some of arguably the biggest impacts on patients' lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43352\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-43352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM.png\" alt=\"Cardiologist Eric Topol says he would have benefited from ultrasound imaging training.\" width=\"307\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM.png 449w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM-400x469.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cardiologist Eric Topol says he would have benefited from ultrasound imaging training. \u003ccite>(Ed Uthman/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ultrasound Training\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultrasound imaging is now pervasive, but many doctors said they lacked sufficient training in medical school. Instead, they learned how to leverage the technology over time and on an ad-hoc basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Topol, a cardiologist and the chief academic officer for Scripps Health, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/smartphone-ultrasound-device-hits-market/\">ultrasound technology has evolved in the past decade\u003c/a> to be portable and compatible with mobile devices. These days, he said, \"exquisite\" imaging can be achieved with a probe connected to a smartphone. \"But I need remedial training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Information Technology 101 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors are increasingly using technology in their practices, whether it's to record notes or store patient data in an electronic medical record. Some doctors are using the newest telemedicine tools to consult with patients online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mia Finkelston, a medical director and practicing physician at \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/online-care-group\">Online Care Group\u003c/a>, said she wished she'd learned basic word-processing skills, and shortcuts such as how to copy and paste in different formats. \"It would have saved me time on so many levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Communications and Empathy \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43355\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 347px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-43355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1.jpeg\" alt=\"Continuing medical education expert Alex Djuricich said medical schools are recruiting communications experts.\" width=\"347\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-32x32.jpeg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-64x64.jpeg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-96x96.jpeg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-128x128.jpeg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-75x75.jpeg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Continuing medical education expert Alex Djuricich said medical schools are recruiting communications experts. \u003ccite>(Alex Djuricich/Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The most effective doctors understand how to communicate with patients. That doesn't mean rattling off a diagnosis and sending them home. It requires picking up on the subtle indications that a patient has not understood something, or is too upset to take in information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[We need] ways to sustain empathy and provide reassurance to patients,\" said David Scales, a resident physician of internal medicine from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.challiance.org/Main/Home.aspx\">Cambridge Health Alliance\u003c/a> in Massachusetts and a graduate of Yale Medical School. \"And that goes beyond trying to teach doctors how to be nice people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some medical schools do teach communications skills, but several graduates said the instructors were often senior physicians, rather than people with training or credentials. \"That's starting to change,\" said Alex Djuricich, the associate dean for continuing medical education at the University of Indiana. \"A lot of schools are looking to bring in communications experts. We need to have the emotional intelligence to understand how patients are really feeling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Finance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average doctor today graduates with a massive $166,750 in medical school debt. Meanwhile, many doctors' salaries are dropping, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/1-million-mistake-becoming-a-doctor/\">according to recent survey\u003c/a> from personal finance tool \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerdwallet.com/\">NerdWallet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's now imperative that doctors learn to manage their money, or they risk drowning in debt. Several recent medical school graduates said they could benefit from some formal education about how to use the latest web and mobile tools to manage their finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 301px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-43353\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM.png\" alt=\"Connie Chen, cofounder of Vida Health, said medical students need more exposure to management training. \" width=\"301\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM.png 426w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM-400x466.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Connie Chen, cofounder of Vida Health, said medical students need more exposure to management training. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Management and Leadership \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Chen, a San Francisco-based physician and entrepreneur with \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida Health\u003c/a>, said physicians are often placed in leadership roles early in their careers. Even in their residency years, doctors have to run teams of interns, coordinate with other physicians and nurses, and align families around shared treatment goals, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And yet there is almost no training on how to succeed in the working world,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen said she would have benefited from basic management skills, such as providing feedback and motivating others, as well as tips on how to collaborate and manage projects. Cyrus Yamin, a Harvard Medical School graduate who now works at \u003ca href=\"https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/html/kaiser/index.shtml\">Kaiser Permanente\u003c/a>, said medical students could use training on how to lead a room full of people with different roles, experiences and emotions, especially in the trauma bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>Editors' Note:\u003c/em> I received a fantastic response questioning the premise of the article. It's from Chris Chen, a second-year resident in internal medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital: \"We all know 20 percent of patients consume 80 percent of healthcare resources and our energy as doctors: The old, the chronically ill, the functionally limited. But in med school, we spend 80 percent of our time on 20 percent of diseases, including a litany of esoteric rare disorders that are academically illuminating but most clinicians will never see in their entire careers. I don't need to know the enzyme defect in Fabry disease. I need to know how to manage dementia; to manage pain thoughtfully; to assess patient home safety. I suspect the biggest gap in 21st century medical training is a lack of old-school skills, and not high-tech coding.\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the past decade, the practice of medicine has transformed in a big way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's doctors are jotting notes on an iPad, and navigating various electronic medical record systems. And payment models are shifting to reward physicians for improving patient outcomes, rather than for ordering expensive tests and procedures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top medical schools are adapting slowly to these changes. Many schools are in the process of exploring which new skills should be taught to young doctors, either through the core curriculum or as an elective, and which are better learned as part of professional development. The American Medical Association recently doled out $11 million to about a dozen schools for new programs on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ama-assn.org/sub/accelerating-change/index.shtml\">future of medical education.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We need to have the emotional intelligence to understand how patients are really feeling.'\u003ccite>Alex Djuricich, University of Indiana\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're grappling with this big question of what should be the job of the medical school in the 21st-century,\" said Lawrence Sherman, a New York-based medical educator \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpSd5u_di9w\">and TED speaker\u003c/a>. \"We're still determining what the new skills should be, how they're taught and when they're taught.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED asked more than 20 doctors of all ages and specialties about the skill they wished they had learned (or learned about in more detail) in medical school. Some physicians wanted help understanding the new technologies; others saw benefit in focusing more on keeping their patients healthy, rather than just treating the sick. Here are their top picks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data Science and Statistics \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of physicians said they could benefit from a richer understanding of data science. It's not just businesses, but also medical practices and hospitals that are dealing with a deluge of data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Top academic hospitals like Mount Sinai in New York are forging ahead with initiatives to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fastcoexist.com/3022050/futurist-forum/in-the-hospital-of-the-future-big-data-is-one-of-your-doctors\">collect data about a large patient population \u003c/a>and connect that to outcomes in order to understand disease and improve treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Medicine is increasingly data-driven,\" said Michael Turken, an internal medicine resident at \u003ca href=\"https://stanfordhealthcare.org/\">Stanford Healthcare\u003c/a> and a graduate of UCSF's medical school. \"And yet, almost none of us is equipped to understand the data as fully as we should, as fully as we need to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nutrition and Disease Prevention \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you regularly talk to your doctor about nutrition and exercise? If so, you're an anomaly. \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/06/23/your-doctor-says-he-doesnt-know-enough-about-nutrition-or-exercise/\">According to recent polls\u003c/a>, fewer than 25 percent of doctors say they got sufficient education to give nutritional or fitness advice to a patient. In fact, the number of hours dedicated to teaching nutrition in medical school has declined in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We received two or three hours of instruction on nutrition in four years of medical school,\" said Amanda Angelotti, a UCSF medical school graduate and clinical systems designer at primary care chain \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\">One Medical Group\u003c/a>. \"Lifestyle diseases drive some of the biggest costs in healthcare and have some of arguably the biggest impacts on patients' lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43352\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-43352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM.png\" alt=\"Cardiologist Eric Topol says he would have benefited from ultrasound imaging training.\" width=\"307\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM.png 449w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.44.01-PM-400x469.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 307px) 100vw, 307px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cardiologist Eric Topol says he would have benefited from ultrasound imaging training. \u003ccite>(Ed Uthman/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ultrasound Training\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultrasound imaging is now pervasive, but many doctors said they lacked sufficient training in medical school. Instead, they learned how to leverage the technology over time and on an ad-hoc basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Topol, a cardiologist and the chief academic officer for Scripps Health, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnet.com/news/smartphone-ultrasound-device-hits-market/\">ultrasound technology has evolved in the past decade\u003c/a> to be portable and compatible with mobile devices. These days, he said, \"exquisite\" imaging can be achieved with a probe connected to a smartphone. \"But I need remedial training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Information Technology 101 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors are increasingly using technology in their practices, whether it's to record notes or store patient data in an electronic medical record. Some doctors are using the newest telemedicine tools to consult with patients online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mia Finkelston, a medical director and practicing physician at \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/online-care-group\">Online Care Group\u003c/a>, said she wished she'd learned basic word-processing skills, and shortcuts such as how to copy and paste in different formats. \"It would have saved me time on so many levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Communications and Empathy \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43355\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 347px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-43355\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1.jpeg\" alt=\"Continuing medical education expert Alex Djuricich said medical schools are recruiting communications experts.\" width=\"347\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-32x32.jpeg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-64x64.jpeg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-96x96.jpeg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-128x128.jpeg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/afe3d43342c389a2cbf6e5de66b16704_400x400-1-75x75.jpeg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Continuing medical education expert Alex Djuricich said medical schools are recruiting communications experts. \u003ccite>(Alex Djuricich/Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The most effective doctors understand how to communicate with patients. That doesn't mean rattling off a diagnosis and sending them home. It requires picking up on the subtle indications that a patient has not understood something, or is too upset to take in information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[We need] ways to sustain empathy and provide reassurance to patients,\" said David Scales, a resident physician of internal medicine from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.challiance.org/Main/Home.aspx\">Cambridge Health Alliance\u003c/a> in Massachusetts and a graduate of Yale Medical School. \"And that goes beyond trying to teach doctors how to be nice people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some medical schools do teach communications skills, but several graduates said the instructors were often senior physicians, rather than people with training or credentials. \"That's starting to change,\" said Alex Djuricich, the associate dean for continuing medical education at the University of Indiana. \"A lot of schools are looking to bring in communications experts. We need to have the emotional intelligence to understand how patients are really feeling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Finance\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average doctor today graduates with a massive $166,750 in medical school debt. Meanwhile, many doctors' salaries are dropping, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/1-million-mistake-becoming-a-doctor/\">according to recent survey\u003c/a> from personal finance tool \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerdwallet.com/\">NerdWallet\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's now imperative that doctors learn to manage their money, or they risk drowning in debt. Several recent medical school graduates said they could benefit from some formal education about how to use the latest web and mobile tools to manage their finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43353\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 301px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-43353\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM.png\" alt=\"Connie Chen, cofounder of Vida Health, said medical students need more exposure to management training. \" width=\"301\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM.png 426w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-23-at-4.46.57-PM-400x466.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Connie Chen, cofounder of Vida Health, said medical students need more exposure to management training. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Management and Leadership \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connie Chen, a San Francisco-based physician and entrepreneur with \u003ca href=\"https://www.vida.com\">Vida Health\u003c/a>, said physicians are often placed in leadership roles early in their careers. Even in their residency years, doctors have to run teams of interns, coordinate with other physicians and nurses, and align families around shared treatment goals, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And yet there is almost no training on how to succeed in the working world,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen said she would have benefited from basic management skills, such as providing feedback and motivating others, as well as tips on how to collaborate and manage projects. Cyrus Yamin, a Harvard Medical School graduate who now works at \u003ca href=\"https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/html/kaiser/index.shtml\">Kaiser Permanente\u003c/a>, said medical students could use training on how to lead a room full of people with different roles, experiences and emotions, especially in the trauma bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>Editors' Note:\u003c/em> I received a fantastic response questioning the premise of the article. It's from Chris Chen, a second-year resident in internal medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital: \"We all know 20 percent of patients consume 80 percent of healthcare resources and our energy as doctors: The old, the chronically ill, the functionally limited. But in med school, we spend 80 percent of our time on 20 percent of diseases, including a litany of esoteric rare disorders that are academically illuminating but most clinicians will never see in their entire careers. I don't need to know the enzyme defect in Fabry disease. I need to know how to manage dementia; to manage pain thoughtfully; to assess patient home safety. I suspect the biggest gap in 21st century medical training is a lack of old-school skills, and not high-tech coding.\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC Riverside Professor Slams Feds, Stands By His Health App",
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"content": "\u003cp>UC Riverside professor of psychology Aaron Seitz had an idea for a mobile health app based on his area of research. In 2014, he launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, he was hit with a substantial fine and a firestorm of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/09/17/apps-are-making-health-claims-but-they-may-not-have-the-science-to-back-them-up/\" target=\"_blank\">bad press\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz is the academic behind \u003ca href=\"https://ultimeyesvision.com/\" target=\"_blank\">UltimEyes\u003c/a>, the vision improvement app that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/09/ftc-charges-marketers-vision-improvement-app-deceptive-claims\">got dinged by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)\u003c/a> for $150,000 last week for making deceptive claims about the app's efficacy. Seitz and his business partner, Adam Goldberg, are the co-owners and only employees of Carrot Neurotechnology, Inc., the company that sells UltimEyes. Seitz told KQED in an interview Tuesday he and Goldberg had to pony up $75,000 each.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If you look at the mobile apps being promoted, it’s still the wild west out there.\"\u003ccite>Attorney Bradley Merrill Thompson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As for the legal fees, he said, \"Don't ask me about that. It's crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from the money owed, Seitz and Goldberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150917carrotneuroorder.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">agreed\u003c/a> to stop making claims about the mobile app's ability to improve vision. Prior to the FTC's involvement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150917carrotneuroexhibits.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">promotional material and language\u003c/a> on the UltimEyes website (still available on the Apple and Google Play app stores, for $5.99) said the app was “scientifically shown\" to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150917carrotneurocmpt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">FTC complaint\u003c/a> against Carrot Neurotechnology lists an array of related assertions on that theme, including one that the app improved vision an average of 31 percent and two lines on the standard \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/26/magazine/who-made-that-eye-chart.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">Stellen eye chart\u003c/a>, and another that it helps mitigate \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/presbyopia/basics/definition/con-2003226\" target=\"_blank\">presbyopia\u003c/a>, the gradual loss of the ability to focus on nearby objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC also reprimanded Carrot for not disclosing Seitz’s connection to the company when it cited his own research. Seitz says as soon as the FTC brought that to the company's attention, it disclosed the potential conflict of interest on its site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Standing by Claims\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the agreement with the FTC, Seitz stands by the original UltimEyes claims. He called the FTC action “dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it a good thing that you have the FTC not just going after companies, but going after individuals when they’re trying to take the university mission of taking research and translating it to the public good?\" he said. \"Scientists should be incentivized to translate the research in the way I’m doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz has laid out his concerns in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~aseitz/OpenLetter.html\" target=\"_blank\">open letter \u003c/a>on his UC Riverside faculty page, asking friends and colleagues to post supportive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/policy/public-comments/initiative-625\" target=\"_blank\">comments \u003c/a>with the FTC during the public comment period. Seitz said “numerous scientists” have come to the defense of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government really needs to be listening to scientists here,\" he said. \"They ignored experts we brought to testify and the scientific literature. They're using us as a way to establish some precedent so they can go after some larger companies in the industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC said UltimEyes racked up more than $350,000 in U.S. sales from January 2012 to June 2015. Seitz acknowledges that if the app had hit it big, he would have gained financially. But, he said, “my main aim was to let the public get a hold of my research.” He said neither he nor his partner made any money from the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its complaint, the FTC also cited \u003ca href=\"http://tune.pk/video/2448640/Brain-Training-Makes-Better-Batters\">a video that was posted on the UltimEyes site\u003c/a> featuring Seitz and others discussing a study involving the 2013 UC Riverside baseball team, which ostensibly improved its performance after going through the app's exercises. In the video, a researcher says players reported they could “see things in dimmer light conditions, being able to see the ball better, being able to hit the ball better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz says UltimEyes is based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=perceptual+learning\" target=\"_blank\">perceptual learning\u003c/a>, which he describes as \"an improvement in a perceptual task induced by practice or experience. \" The National Institutes of Health gave him a \u003ca href=\"http://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/18771\" target=\"_blank\">$1.7 million grant\u003c/a> in 2013 to study the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2014/05/01/ultimeyes-test-video/#nng4T.bGuqkP\">Mashable\u003c/a> tested the app out on an iPad and called it “half-game, half-eye exam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Scroll to the bottom of this post for a video of the app in action.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Riverside baseball experiment was also the subject of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(14)00005-0\">paper published in Current Biology\u003c/a>, co-authored by Seitz. (Not to mention the subject of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/03/28/43098/how-neuroscience-is-helping-uc-riverside-baseball/\" target=\"_blank\">Southern California Public Radio story\u003c/a> in 2014).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was one of three peer-reviewed studies, Seitz says, that prove UltimEyes does what it said. He said the FTC went after the app because the agency wants to see randomized, double blind studies to substantiate such claims. Seitz does not agree with that standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re saying that if research is not done with a double blind placebo study, it doesn’t provide evidence of anything. ... But if you talk with most scientists, they say that there are tons of studies that use that methodology that are junk, and tons of studies that don’t use it that are informative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a useful study design that provides information and context. It has great purpose, but there are many circumstances -- and this research is actually one of them -- where it doesn’t apply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Agencies \"Doing a Reasonable Job\" of Policing Apps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Halamka, co-chair of the federal Health Information Technology Standards Committee, which advises the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on technology and health care, does not agree with Seitz that the FTC overreached in taking action against his app. He says requiring a stringent level of proof is appropriate here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not one that is just face valid, or peer review could say, ‘okay sounds reasonable.’ It needs to be proven,\" he said, adding that peer review doesn't prove \"rigorous scientific evaluation of a phenomena.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halamka said using UltimEyes presents a certain level of risk to the public because it involves diagnosis or therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the case of apps that are making claims that may or may not be true, if this is a therapy claiming a result, I think all of our federal agencies are doing a reasonable job to ask for rigor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More to Come?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enforcement actions like the one against UltimEyes are probably going to happen more frequently, says Bradley Merrill Thompson, a lawyer at Epstein, Becker & Green who works on regulatory issues with medical device and drug companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agreement is the next step in a whole series of cases the FTC has brought with respect to mobile applications,\" he said. Last month, the FTC \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/08/melanoma-detection-app-sellers-barred-making-deceptive-health\" target=\"_blank\">barred a company\u003c/a> from making claims that the“Mole Detective” line of apps could detect melanoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I fear that there will be a lot more cases, ” Merrill Thompson said. \"If you look at the mobile apps being promoted, it’s still the wild west out there. There’s still a lot of very small organizations operating out of their garage, making boastful claims about their technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">KQED Future of You\u003c/a> editor Christina Farr wrote about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/10/us-mobilephone-healthcare-idUSKBN0EL23M20140610\" target=\"_blank\">proliferation of unproven claims\u003c/a> by health-related apps for Reuters in 2014. She reported that a recent study from the New England Center for Investigative Research revealed that of the 1,500 health apps it evaluated, 20 percent claimed to treat or cure medical problems, but only a small percentage of them had been clinically validated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farr wrote that the FDA lacks the resources to monitor all the health-related apps on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradley Merrill Thompson says the FDA has been “suspiciously quiet” on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One would have to be suspicious that the FDA and FTC are collaborating behind the scenes, and the FTC has agreed to be the bad cop,” said Merrill Thompson. “The FDA has been embattled over the past few years as being too heavy-handed and too burdensome in regard to mobile apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained that in a case like the one against UltimEyes, the FTC is viewing the app as a medical device, which comes under the purview of both agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly there’s overlap,” he said, and either agency could have brought an action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[vimeo 90324562 w=500 h=313]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to reflect the FTC's declining to comment.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UC Riverside professor of psychology Aaron Seitz had an idea for a mobile health app based on his area of research. In 2014, he launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, he was hit with a substantial fine and a firestorm of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2015/09/17/apps-are-making-health-claims-but-they-may-not-have-the-science-to-back-them-up/\" target=\"_blank\">bad press\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz is the academic behind \u003ca href=\"https://ultimeyesvision.com/\" target=\"_blank\">UltimEyes\u003c/a>, the vision improvement app that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/09/ftc-charges-marketers-vision-improvement-app-deceptive-claims\">got dinged by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC)\u003c/a> for $150,000 last week for making deceptive claims about the app's efficacy. Seitz and his business partner, Adam Goldberg, are the co-owners and only employees of Carrot Neurotechnology, Inc., the company that sells UltimEyes. Seitz told KQED in an interview Tuesday he and Goldberg had to pony up $75,000 each.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If you look at the mobile apps being promoted, it’s still the wild west out there.\"\u003ccite>Attorney Bradley Merrill Thompson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As for the legal fees, he said, \"Don't ask me about that. It's crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from the money owed, Seitz and Goldberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150917carrotneuroorder.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">agreed\u003c/a> to stop making claims about the mobile app's ability to improve vision. Prior to the FTC's involvement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150917carrotneuroexhibits.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">promotional material and language\u003c/a> on the UltimEyes website (still available on the Apple and Google Play app stores, for $5.99) said the app was “scientifically shown\" to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/150917carrotneurocmpt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">FTC complaint\u003c/a> against Carrot Neurotechnology lists an array of related assertions on that theme, including one that the app improved vision an average of 31 percent and two lines on the standard \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/26/magazine/who-made-that-eye-chart.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">Stellen eye chart\u003c/a>, and another that it helps mitigate \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/presbyopia/basics/definition/con-2003226\" target=\"_blank\">presbyopia\u003c/a>, the gradual loss of the ability to focus on nearby objects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC also reprimanded Carrot for not disclosing Seitz’s connection to the company when it cited his own research. Seitz says as soon as the FTC brought that to the company's attention, it disclosed the potential conflict of interest on its site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Standing by Claims\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the agreement with the FTC, Seitz stands by the original UltimEyes claims. He called the FTC action “dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it a good thing that you have the FTC not just going after companies, but going after individuals when they’re trying to take the university mission of taking research and translating it to the public good?\" he said. \"Scientists should be incentivized to translate the research in the way I’m doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz has laid out his concerns in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~aseitz/OpenLetter.html\" target=\"_blank\">open letter \u003c/a>on his UC Riverside faculty page, asking friends and colleagues to post supportive \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/policy/public-comments/initiative-625\" target=\"_blank\">comments \u003c/a>with the FTC during the public comment period. Seitz said “numerous scientists” have come to the defense of the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government really needs to be listening to scientists here,\" he said. \"They ignored experts we brought to testify and the scientific literature. They're using us as a way to establish some precedent so they can go after some larger companies in the industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC said UltimEyes racked up more than $350,000 in U.S. sales from January 2012 to June 2015. Seitz acknowledges that if the app had hit it big, he would have gained financially. But, he said, “my main aim was to let the public get a hold of my research.” He said neither he nor his partner made any money from the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its complaint, the FTC also cited \u003ca href=\"http://tune.pk/video/2448640/Brain-Training-Makes-Better-Batters\">a video that was posted on the UltimEyes site\u003c/a> featuring Seitz and others discussing a study involving the 2013 UC Riverside baseball team, which ostensibly improved its performance after going through the app's exercises. In the video, a researcher says players reported they could “see things in dimmer light conditions, being able to see the ball better, being able to hit the ball better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz says UltimEyes is based on \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=perceptual+learning\" target=\"_blank\">perceptual learning\u003c/a>, which he describes as \"an improvement in a perceptual task induced by practice or experience. \" The National Institutes of Health gave him a \u003ca href=\"http://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/18771\" target=\"_blank\">$1.7 million grant\u003c/a> in 2013 to study the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2014/05/01/ultimeyes-test-video/#nng4T.bGuqkP\">Mashable\u003c/a> tested the app out on an iPad and called it “half-game, half-eye exam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[Scroll to the bottom of this post for a video of the app in action.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Riverside baseball experiment was also the subject of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(14)00005-0\">paper published in Current Biology\u003c/a>, co-authored by Seitz. (Not to mention the subject of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2014/03/28/43098/how-neuroscience-is-helping-uc-riverside-baseball/\" target=\"_blank\">Southern California Public Radio story\u003c/a> in 2014).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was one of three peer-reviewed studies, Seitz says, that prove UltimEyes does what it said. He said the FTC went after the app because the agency wants to see randomized, double blind studies to substantiate such claims. Seitz does not agree with that standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re saying that if research is not done with a double blind placebo study, it doesn’t provide evidence of anything. ... But if you talk with most scientists, they say that there are tons of studies that use that methodology that are junk, and tons of studies that don’t use it that are informative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a useful study design that provides information and context. It has great purpose, but there are many circumstances -- and this research is actually one of them -- where it doesn’t apply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Federal Agencies \"Doing a Reasonable Job\" of Policing Apps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Halamka, co-chair of the federal Health Information Technology Standards Committee, which advises the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services on technology and health care, does not agree with Seitz that the FTC overreached in taking action against his app. He says requiring a stringent level of proof is appropriate here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not one that is just face valid, or peer review could say, ‘okay sounds reasonable.’ It needs to be proven,\" he said, adding that peer review doesn't prove \"rigorous scientific evaluation of a phenomena.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halamka said using UltimEyes presents a certain level of risk to the public because it involves diagnosis or therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the case of apps that are making claims that may or may not be true, if this is a therapy claiming a result, I think all of our federal agencies are doing a reasonable job to ask for rigor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More to Come?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enforcement actions like the one against UltimEyes are probably going to happen more frequently, says Bradley Merrill Thompson, a lawyer at Epstein, Becker & Green who works on regulatory issues with medical device and drug companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agreement is the next step in a whole series of cases the FTC has brought with respect to mobile applications,\" he said. Last month, the FTC \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2015/08/melanoma-detection-app-sellers-barred-making-deceptive-health\" target=\"_blank\">barred a company\u003c/a> from making claims that the“Mole Detective” line of apps could detect melanoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I fear that there will be a lot more cases, ” Merrill Thompson said. \"If you look at the mobile apps being promoted, it’s still the wild west out there. There’s still a lot of very small organizations operating out of their garage, making boastful claims about their technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\">KQED Future of You\u003c/a> editor Christina Farr wrote about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/10/us-mobilephone-healthcare-idUSKBN0EL23M20140610\" target=\"_blank\">proliferation of unproven claims\u003c/a> by health-related apps for Reuters in 2014. She reported that a recent study from the New England Center for Investigative Research revealed that of the 1,500 health apps it evaluated, 20 percent claimed to treat or cure medical problems, but only a small percentage of them had been clinically validated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farr wrote that the FDA lacks the resources to monitor all the health-related apps on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradley Merrill Thompson says the FDA has been “suspiciously quiet” on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One would have to be suspicious that the FDA and FTC are collaborating behind the scenes, and the FTC has agreed to be the bad cop,” said Merrill Thompson. “The FDA has been embattled over the past few years as being too heavy-handed and too burdensome in regard to mobile apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained that in a case like the one against UltimEyes, the FTC is viewing the app as a medical device, which comes under the purview of both agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly there’s overlap,” he said, and either agency could have brought an action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Certain complications during pregnancy may increase a woman's risk of dying from heart disease later in life, according to a new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That increased risk can be dramatic, more than 7-fold, if a woman experiences combinations of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis is from Oakland's Public Health Institute and was \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/09/14/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003901.abstract?sid=07de4322-6ada-4d01-9f5b-513f74251791\" target=\"_blank\">published Monday\u003c/a> in the American Heart Association journal, Circulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart disease is the number one killer of women in America, responsible for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm\" target=\"_blank\">one in every four deaths\u003c/a> among women, according to the Centers for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors have long known that pregnancy puts real stress on a woman's cardiovascular system, this study confirms and quantifies some known risks and identifies new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women followed and assessed were part of a unique group of more than 15,000 pregnant women who enrolled in the Oakland metropolitan area Child Health and Development Studies between 1959 and 1967. Researchers have been following these women for decades since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 7.1 times increased risk of death from heart disease happened in women who had pre-pregnancy or early-pregnancy high blood pressure in combination with a pre-term delivery of the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a woman had pre-existing high blood pressure and\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/preeclampsia-eclampsia\" target=\"_blank\"> pre-eclampsia\u003c/a>, which is characterized by high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy and protein in the urine, her risk of later heart disease death increased 5.6 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior author Barbara Cohn with Oakland's Public Health Institute said she was surprised by the some of the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Knowing additional information about the combinations of complications ... led to higher risk of cardiovascular disease than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn and her colleagues also identified statistically significant differences for African-American women. They made up 22 percent of the enrollees in the study, but were 1.7 times more likely to die of heart disease, if they developed high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Women in other ethnic groups -- Hispanic, Asian, and Caucasian -- did not appear to be at significant increased risk from this development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn argued that doctors could save lives simply by taking a woman's pregnancy history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If she has had these complications, (doctors) can begin surveillance early, recommend prevention measures that the patient can take to address factors they can control,\" Cohn said. \"It's really not expensive to get this history. It doesn't require an intervention like a blood test or a special medical test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Francisco professor Dr. Rita Redberg, who directs women's cardiovascular services, was not involved in the study. In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/misc-stroke-related-heart-news-360/complicated-pregnancy-linked-to-later-heart-disease-703466.html\" target=\"_blank\">HealthDay \u003c/a>she said that the study reveals an opportunity to identify the at-risk population at a younger age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we're catching women younger when we're doing it during pregnancy,\" Redberg said. \"While it's never too late, we like to start young.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Certain complications during pregnancy may increase a woman's risk of dying from heart disease later in life, according to a new analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That increased risk can be dramatic, more than 7-fold, if a woman experiences combinations of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis is from Oakland's Public Health Institute and was \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2015/09/14/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003901.abstract?sid=07de4322-6ada-4d01-9f5b-513f74251791\" target=\"_blank\">published Monday\u003c/a> in the American Heart Association journal, Circulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heart disease is the number one killer of women in America, responsible for \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_women_heart.htm\" target=\"_blank\">one in every four deaths\u003c/a> among women, according to the Centers for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors have long known that pregnancy puts real stress on a woman's cardiovascular system, this study confirms and quantifies some known risks and identifies new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women followed and assessed were part of a unique group of more than 15,000 pregnant women who enrolled in the Oakland metropolitan area Child Health and Development Studies between 1959 and 1967. Researchers have been following these women for decades since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 7.1 times increased risk of death from heart disease happened in women who had pre-pregnancy or early-pregnancy high blood pressure in combination with a pre-term delivery of the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a woman had pre-existing high blood pressure and\u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/preeclampsia-eclampsia\" target=\"_blank\"> pre-eclampsia\u003c/a>, which is characterized by high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy and protein in the urine, her risk of later heart disease death increased 5.6 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior author Barbara Cohn with Oakland's Public Health Institute said she was surprised by the some of the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Knowing additional information about the combinations of complications ... led to higher risk of cardiovascular disease than we expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn and her colleagues also identified statistically significant differences for African-American women. They made up 22 percent of the enrollees in the study, but were 1.7 times more likely to die of heart disease, if they developed high blood pressure after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Women in other ethnic groups -- Hispanic, Asian, and Caucasian -- did not appear to be at significant increased risk from this development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohn argued that doctors could save lives simply by taking a woman's pregnancy history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If she has had these complications, (doctors) can begin surveillance early, recommend prevention measures that the patient can take to address factors they can control,\" Cohn said. \"It's really not expensive to get this history. It doesn't require an intervention like a blood test or a special medical test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Francisco professor Dr. Rita Redberg, who directs women's cardiovascular services, was not involved in the study. In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://consumer.healthday.com/cardiovascular-health-information-20/misc-stroke-related-heart-news-360/complicated-pregnancy-linked-to-later-heart-disease-703466.html\" target=\"_blank\">HealthDay \u003c/a>she said that the study reveals an opportunity to identify the at-risk population at a younger age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we're catching women younger when we're doing it during pregnancy,\" Redberg said. \"While it's never too late, we like to start young.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Geneticist’s Take on the New Pathway Fit Genetic Test",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://connect.pathway.com/reports/pathway-fit/\">Pathway Fit\u003c/a> genetic test from San Diego based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pathway.com/\">Pathway Genomics\u003c/a> is designed to help people tailor their exercise and diet based on their DNA. So basically it claims to be able to tell you whether the Atkins or the Mediterranean diet is better for you, which vitamins you might want to take more of, which injuries to watch out for and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, these are all pretty harmless predictions. Unlike tests that look at your risk for getting Alzheimer’s or breast cancer, if the results are wrong in this test it probably isn’t that big a deal. You’ll lose weight by cutting back on calories and doing more exercise whatever this test might say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is probably a good thing that it is OK if all of your results don’t match up with your reality. Scientists have a very incomplete picture of what is going on genetically with lots of what this test looks at. This means some of their predictions will be off the mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This turned out to be the case for me. Some predictions it got right, some wrong, and for some it was hard to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Personalized Health Regimen\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company recently offered me the chance to take their newest version of Pathway Fit, one that can be done exclusively from my smartphone. It is so easy that unlike the more complete web version of the test, I don't even have to get my doctor involved. A Pathway Genomics doctor looks over my application and checks my results before they get them back to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This app analyzes about 70 genetic markers that have been shown in at least one study to impact metabolism, diet and response to exercise. As you can see from the first page of my results, they have created a wonderfully simple app with an easy to understand interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\" alt=\"Fit1\" width=\"302\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg 436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-400x710.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-338x600.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically the 40 or so traits, the company test for, range in alphabetical order from “Achilles tendinopathy” through “Weight-Loss Regain.” On this first page there are simple recommendations/predictions based on my DNA. You can then click on a trait to get more detailed information and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that I can then use these findings to tweak my diet and get the most out of any exercise I do. So from this first page I want to exercise for my blood pressure, and not worry too much about Achilles tendinopathy, alcohol, or bitter foods, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enjoy that Martini and Keep Ignoring Sweets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test certainly did get some things right about me. For example, it predicts that I won’t have a bad reaction to alcohol and that I am a non-taster for certain bitter foods. These are both true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are others they for sure got wrong. For example, both \u003ca href=\"http://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a> and this test predict I am lactose intolerant which I am not. There are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/11/09/trick-or-trait/\">possible explanations\u003c/a> but the test is wrong on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there is this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\" alt=\"SweetTooth\" width=\"456\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg 683w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(This is what the information looks like when you tap a specific trait. The images are side by side because since this is a phone app, I am using screen shots.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a voracious sweet tooth and the test predicts that mine is just typical. It is not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is true for lots of traits like this, one or two genes aren’t enough to explain it. Yes many people with this result have a typical sweet tooth but I am not one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I might have something in my genes somewhere (or a bunch of somethings) that overrides this single DNA difference and makes me crave sugar more than most. Or maybe my childhood gorging on Twinkies and Ding Dongs pushed me towards a sweet tooth. Or maybe a combination of the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some of their other predictions I have no idea how to tell if the test is right or not. For example, it predicts I will have trouble resisting food (“increased food desire”). It may be that I do but how would I know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ease Gained, Information Lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that comes to a troublesome aspect of the smartphone app version of this test. The stripped down, mobile version lacks the supporting information of the web version that would help a consumer tell how reliable each prediction really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was done to make this version about $300 cheaper than the web version. But the cost of lost information may not be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also important to mention that even with this information, it can still be hard to tell how reliable a prediction really is. Especially if you don’t have a strong scientific background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last point is not a problem just of the Pathway Fit test. It plagues most any \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/directtoconsumer\">direct to consumer\u003c/a> (DTC) genetic test that tries to look at lots of complicated traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which all points to one of the big difficulties of genetic tests like this one. Many of the traits we are most interested in are the ones we least understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the smartphone version of Pathway Fit definitely suffers from a lack of supporting information which makes it less useful than the web version. But the web version is probably as good as any of the the other consumer tests out there. (Click \u003ca href=\"http://vibrantgene.com/2015/09/15/pathway-genomics-fit-test/\">here \u003c/a>for a detailed review of the web version by genetic counselor Kayla Sheets.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind though that no matter the test you take, predictions and/or advice should be taken with a grain of salt until scientists better understand our genetics. Or perhaps a grain of sugar.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://connect.pathway.com/reports/pathway-fit/\">Pathway Fit\u003c/a> genetic test from San Diego based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pathway.com/\">Pathway Genomics\u003c/a> is designed to help people tailor their exercise and diet based on their DNA. So basically it claims to be able to tell you whether the Atkins or the Mediterranean diet is better for you, which vitamins you might want to take more of, which injuries to watch out for and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, these are all pretty harmless predictions. Unlike tests that look at your risk for getting Alzheimer’s or breast cancer, if the results are wrong in this test it probably isn’t that big a deal. You’ll lose weight by cutting back on calories and doing more exercise whatever this test might say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it is probably a good thing that it is OK if all of your results don’t match up with your reality. Scientists have a very incomplete picture of what is going on genetically with lots of what this test looks at. This means some of their predictions will be off the mark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This turned out to be the case for me. Some predictions it got right, some wrong, and for some it was hard to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Personalized Health Regimen\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company recently offered me the chance to take their newest version of Pathway Fit, one that can be done exclusively from my smartphone. It is so easy that unlike the more complete web version of the test, I don't even have to get my doctor involved. A Pathway Genomics doctor looks over my application and checks my results before they get them back to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This app analyzes about 70 genetic markers that have been shown in at least one study to impact metabolism, diet and response to exercise. As you can see from the first page of my results, they have created a wonderfully simple app with an easy to understand interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg\" alt=\"Fit1\" width=\"302\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1.jpg 436w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-400x710.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Fit1-338x600.jpg 338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 302px) 100vw, 302px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically the 40 or so traits, the company test for, range in alphabetical order from “Achilles tendinopathy” through “Weight-Loss Regain.” On this first page there are simple recommendations/predictions based on my DNA. You can then click on a trait to get more detailed information and recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that I can then use these findings to tweak my diet and get the most out of any exercise I do. So from this first page I want to exercise for my blood pressure, and not worry too much about Achilles tendinopathy, alcohol, or bitter foods, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enjoy that Martini and Keep Ignoring Sweets?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test certainly did get some things right about me. For example, it predicts that I won’t have a bad reaction to alcohol and that I am a non-taster for certain bitter foods. These are both true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are others they for sure got wrong. For example, both \u003ca href=\"http://www.23andme.com/\">23andMe\u003c/a> and this test predict I am lactose intolerant which I am not. There are \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/11/09/trick-or-trait/\">possible explanations\u003c/a> but the test is wrong on this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there is this one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg\" alt=\"SweetTooth\" width=\"456\" height=\"398\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth.jpg 683w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SweetTooth-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(This is what the information looks like when you tap a specific trait. The images are side by side because since this is a phone app, I am using screen shots.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a voracious sweet tooth and the test predicts that mine is just typical. It is not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is true for lots of traits like this, one or two genes aren’t enough to explain it. Yes many people with this result have a typical sweet tooth but I am not one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I might have something in my genes somewhere (or a bunch of somethings) that overrides this single DNA difference and makes me crave sugar more than most. Or maybe my childhood gorging on Twinkies and Ding Dongs pushed me towards a sweet tooth. Or maybe a combination of the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some of their other predictions I have no idea how to tell if the test is right or not. For example, it predicts I will have trouble resisting food (“increased food desire”). It may be that I do but how would I know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ease Gained, Information Lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that comes to a troublesome aspect of the smartphone app version of this test. The stripped down, mobile version lacks the supporting information of the web version that would help a consumer tell how reliable each prediction really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was done to make this version about $300 cheaper than the web version. But the cost of lost information may not be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also important to mention that even with this information, it can still be hard to tell how reliable a prediction really is. Especially if you don’t have a strong scientific background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last point is not a problem just of the Pathway Fit test. It plagues most any \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/testing/directtoconsumer\">direct to consumer\u003c/a> (DTC) genetic test that tries to look at lots of complicated traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which all points to one of the big difficulties of genetic tests like this one. Many of the traits we are most interested in are the ones we least understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the smartphone version of Pathway Fit definitely suffers from a lack of supporting information which makes it less useful than the web version. But the web version is probably as good as any of the the other consumer tests out there. (Click \u003ca href=\"http://vibrantgene.com/2015/09/15/pathway-genomics-fit-test/\">here \u003c/a>for a detailed review of the web version by genetic counselor Kayla Sheets.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind though that no matter the test you take, predictions and/or advice should be taken with a grain of salt until scientists better understand our genetics. Or perhaps a grain of sugar.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With school in full swing and flu season just around the corner, you might be looking for a way to keep those germs at bay. But if you're stocking up on antibacterial soaps, a study suggests you might as well be reaching for that regular old bar of soap instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korean scientists found that antibacterial soap with the active ingredient triclosan was \"no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination when used under 'real-life' conditions,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jac/press_releases/prpaper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy\u003c/em> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Brian Sansoni, a spokesman for the trade organization that represents makers of household cleaning products, calls the study \"kind of irrelevant.\" That's because Sansoni says companies are increasingly switching to other ingredients in place of triclosan, which has been criticized for potentially causing a variety of health issues, from antibiotic resistance to endocrine disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study \"talks about one specific ingredient that really is not being used in much of the mass-market antibacterial soaps anymore,\" says Sansoni, vice president of communication and membership for the American Cleaning Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how many antibacterial products still contain triclosan. A quick scan of the Internet finds a host of websites that list products containing it. But a closer look at some of the products shows that triclosan has been substituted for another antimicrobial ingredient. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dialsoap.com/products/original-antibacterial-foaming-hand-wash\" target=\"_blank\">Dial Complete Antibacterial Hand Wash\u003c/a> comes up in many searches for triclosan, despite the fact that it now contains benzethonium chloride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triclosan can still be found in some personal care items, like Cetaphil's Gentle Cleansing Antibacterial Bar, Colgate Total toothpaste, CVS Antibacterial Hand Soap and Dawn Ultra Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Procter & Gamble, the maker of Dawn, states \u003ca href=\"http://us.pg.com/our_brands/product_safety/ingredient_safety/triclosan\" target=\"_blank\">on its webpage\u003c/a> that the company has removed triclosan from more than 99 percent of the products where it had been used and has \"an exit plan for the few remaining uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Sansoni couldn't specify exactly why makers of antibacterial products are switching to other active ingredients, he says that the companies didn't ditch triclosan due to safety issues. Antibacterial soaps and washes have a long history of safety and effectiveness, he says, backed by scientific data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Food and Drug Administration's consumer information \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm205999.htm\" target=\"_blank\">page on triclosan\u003c/a> is a little less definite. \"Triclosan is not currently known to be hazardous to humans,\" the page reads. \"But several scientific studies have come out since the last time FDA reviewed this ingredient that merit further review,\" including animal studies indicating that triclosan alters hormone regulation and other studies suggesting that triclosan contributes to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics used for medical treatments. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/111/48/17200.full.pdf+html\">study\u003c/a> published last year by the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> found that triclosan promotes liver tumors in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost two years ago, the Food and Drug Administration issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm378542.htm\" target=\"_blank\">proposed rule\u003c/a> that would require antibacterial soap manufacturers to show that the soaps and body washes are \"safe for long-term daily use and more effective than plain soap and water in preventing illness and the spread of certain infections.\" The rule would apply to all antibacterial soap products, not just those with the ingredient triclosan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An FDA spokesperson said via email that antibacterial soap products are allowed to stay on shelves for now, and that the FDA expects to issue a final ruling by this time next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the controversy over its safety, there's also the question of whether triclosan is better at tackling germs than plain old soap and water. The authors of this latest study, who are from Korea University in Seoul, compared the effects of regular soap and antibacterial soap on 20 strains of bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found no significant difference between the two soaps in combating bacteria in the short time frame typical for hand washing. The antibacterial soap had a greater bacteria-fighting effect than regular soap when applied for nine hours – long after we've stopped washing our hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study shows that presence of antiseptic ingredients – in this case, triclosan – in soap does not always guarantee higher antimicrobial efficacy during hand washing,\" Min Suk Rhee, a professor in the department of biotechnology and one of the study's authors, says in an email. \"If the manufacturer would like to advertise antiseptic efficacy of their products, they should supply scientific evidence to support the claims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/23/387766821/there-s-bacteria-in-your-soap-and-everywhere-else\" target=\"_blank\">all soap contains bacteria\u003c/a>, as we noted earlier this year. Manufacturers are required to keep the germs down to a certain level, which they do with antimicrobial agents, even if the product isn't labeled as such.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+You+Really+Need+Antimicrobials+In+Your+Soap%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With school in full swing and flu season just around the corner, you might be looking for a way to keep those germs at bay. But if you're stocking up on antibacterial soaps, a study suggests you might as well be reaching for that regular old bar of soap instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Korean scientists found that antibacterial soap with the active ingredient triclosan was \"no more effective than plain soap at reducing bacterial contamination when used under 'real-life' conditions,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/jac/press_releases/prpaper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in the \u003cem>Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy\u003c/em> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Brian Sansoni, a spokesman for the trade organization that represents makers of household cleaning products, calls the study \"kind of irrelevant.\" That's because Sansoni says companies are increasingly switching to other ingredients in place of triclosan, which has been criticized for potentially causing a variety of health issues, from antibiotic resistance to endocrine disruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study \"talks about one specific ingredient that really is not being used in much of the mass-market antibacterial soaps anymore,\" says Sansoni, vice president of communication and membership for the American Cleaning Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how many antibacterial products still contain triclosan. A quick scan of the Internet finds a host of websites that list products containing it. But a closer look at some of the products shows that triclosan has been substituted for another antimicrobial ingredient. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dialsoap.com/products/original-antibacterial-foaming-hand-wash\" target=\"_blank\">Dial Complete Antibacterial Hand Wash\u003c/a> comes up in many searches for triclosan, despite the fact that it now contains benzethonium chloride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triclosan can still be found in some personal care items, like Cetaphil's Gentle Cleansing Antibacterial Bar, Colgate Total toothpaste, CVS Antibacterial Hand Soap and Dawn Ultra Antibacterial Dishwashing Liquid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Procter & Gamble, the maker of Dawn, states \u003ca href=\"http://us.pg.com/our_brands/product_safety/ingredient_safety/triclosan\" target=\"_blank\">on its webpage\u003c/a> that the company has removed triclosan from more than 99 percent of the products where it had been used and has \"an exit plan for the few remaining uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Sansoni couldn't specify exactly why makers of antibacterial products are switching to other active ingredients, he says that the companies didn't ditch triclosan due to safety issues. Antibacterial soaps and washes have a long history of safety and effectiveness, he says, backed by scientific data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Food and Drug Administration's consumer information \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm205999.htm\" target=\"_blank\">page on triclosan\u003c/a> is a little less definite. \"Triclosan is not currently known to be hazardous to humans,\" the page reads. \"But several scientific studies have come out since the last time FDA reviewed this ingredient that merit further review,\" including animal studies indicating that triclosan alters hormone regulation and other studies suggesting that triclosan contributes to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics used for medical treatments. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/111/48/17200.full.pdf+html\">study\u003c/a> published last year by the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em> found that triclosan promotes liver tumors in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost two years ago, the Food and Drug Administration issued a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm378542.htm\" target=\"_blank\">proposed rule\u003c/a> that would require antibacterial soap manufacturers to show that the soaps and body washes are \"safe for long-term daily use and more effective than plain soap and water in preventing illness and the spread of certain infections.\" The rule would apply to all antibacterial soap products, not just those with the ingredient triclosan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An FDA spokesperson said via email that antibacterial soap products are allowed to stay on shelves for now, and that the FDA expects to issue a final ruling by this time next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the controversy over its safety, there's also the question of whether triclosan is better at tackling germs than plain old soap and water. The authors of this latest study, who are from Korea University in Seoul, compared the effects of regular soap and antibacterial soap on 20 strains of bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found no significant difference between the two soaps in combating bacteria in the short time frame typical for hand washing. The antibacterial soap had a greater bacteria-fighting effect than regular soap when applied for nine hours – long after we've stopped washing our hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This study shows that presence of antiseptic ingredients – in this case, triclosan – in soap does not always guarantee higher antimicrobial efficacy during hand washing,\" Min Suk Rhee, a professor in the department of biotechnology and one of the study's authors, says in an email. \"If the manufacturer would like to advertise antiseptic efficacy of their products, they should supply scientific evidence to support the claims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/02/23/387766821/there-s-bacteria-in-your-soap-and-everywhere-else\" target=\"_blank\">all soap contains bacteria\u003c/a>, as we noted earlier this year. Manufacturers are required to keep the germs down to a certain level, which they do with antimicrobial agents, even if the product isn't labeled as such.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+You+Really+Need+Antimicrobials+In+Your+Soap%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump likely wrecked the day of vaccine experts across the country in\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/17/fiorina-seen-as-big-winner-in-debate\" target=\"_blank\"> last night's Republican debate.\u003c/a> Trump reiterated his opinion that vaccines cause autism, a belief that has been thoroughly debunked by\u003ca href=\"https://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/faq/vaccinestudies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> repeated studies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidate Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, did refute Trump, saying, \"We have extremely well-documented proof that there's no autism associated with vaccinations.\" The Autism Self Advocacy Network also pointed to the \"wealth of scientific evidence debunking any link between autism and vaccinations,\" in its\u003ca href=\"http://autisticadvocacy.org/2015/09/asan-statement-on-gop-primary-debate-comments-on-autism-and-vaccination/\" target=\"_blank\"> own statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then pretty quickly, the discussion morphed into a challenge of the vaccine schedule itself. Worse, it started with Sen. Rand Paul, who is a physician, an ophthalmologist, and said he was for vaccines but also \"for freedom.\" He suggested spacing out vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump essentially said the same thing. “I’m in favor of vaccines,\" he said, then added the caveat: \"Do them over a longer period of time, same amount, ... But just in little sections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"O8p9ZQtXNTAMRJgH7Um67yJk3kMEayZM\"]The American Academy of Pediatrics is trying to set the record straight: \"There is no 'alternative' immunization schedule,\" Dr. Karen Remley, executive director of the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Reiterates-Safety-and-Importance-of-Vaccines.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement\u003c/a>. \"Delaying vaccines only leaves a child at risk of disease for a longer period of time; it does not make vaccinating safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends \u003c/a>vaccinating against 14 diseases, beginning at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Offit, who directs the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, is one of the vaccine experts who is now spending a chunk of his day countering Trump's assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, 100 years ago, there was just one vaccine available -- smallpox. Today, there are far more. But the overall challenge to the immune system is actually smaller today, Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of immunological components in vaccines today is fewer than the one vaccine we got a hundred years ago,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond vaccines, simply living outside the womb's sterile environment, Offit says, makes your immune system work harder than today's vaccines do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you leave the womb,\" he said, \"very quickly you have living on the surface of your body trillions of bacteria to which you make an immune response.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're always exposed to a whole wealth of immune challenges, every day, that are far greater than what you get from vaccines,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Art Reingold, a professor of public health at UC Berkeley, also vouched for the safety of the schedule. \"We know we are not overwhelming the infant's immune system, that the infant on a daily basis sees more antigens just in terms of interacting with the environment and crawling around, than from vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine schedule is well-tested, Offit says, and new vaccines are not added randomly. \"You can't put a vaccine onto the existing schedule without proving that that vaccine doesn't interfere with the safety profile of existing vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when Donald Trump suggests that vaccines can be spaced out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's \"arguing for a schedule that's untested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While delaying vaccines puts children at risk of contracting disease, as the American Academy of Pediatrics' Remley noted, it's unclear how great that delay would be for specific shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would depend on which disease and how common it is,\" Reingold said and would be hard to quantify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But delaying vaccines might be the only way some parents will consent to vaccinating their child in the first place. \"There are providers who might say ... 'I'm willing to work with you on that,' \" Reingold speculated, while noting that he does not see patients himself. \"I'm sure those are difficult discussions between parents and providers.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump likely wrecked the day of vaccine experts across the country in\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/17/fiorina-seen-as-big-winner-in-debate\" target=\"_blank\"> last night's Republican debate.\u003c/a> Trump reiterated his opinion that vaccines cause autism, a belief that has been thoroughly debunked by\u003ca href=\"https://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/faq/vaccinestudies.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> repeated studies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidate Ben Carson, a retired neurosurgeon, did refute Trump, saying, \"We have extremely well-documented proof that there's no autism associated with vaccinations.\" The Autism Self Advocacy Network also pointed to the \"wealth of scientific evidence debunking any link between autism and vaccinations,\" in its\u003ca href=\"http://autisticadvocacy.org/2015/09/asan-statement-on-gop-primary-debate-comments-on-autism-and-vaccination/\" target=\"_blank\"> own statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then pretty quickly, the discussion morphed into a challenge of the vaccine schedule itself. Worse, it started with Sen. Rand Paul, who is a physician, an ophthalmologist, and said he was for vaccines but also \"for freedom.\" He suggested spacing out vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump essentially said the same thing. “I’m in favor of vaccines,\" he said, then added the caveat: \"Do them over a longer period of time, same amount, ... But just in little sections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The American Academy of Pediatrics is trying to set the record straight: \"There is no 'alternative' immunization schedule,\" Dr. Karen Remley, executive director of the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/pages/American-Academy-of-Pediatrics-Reiterates-Safety-and-Importance-of-Vaccines.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">said in a statement\u003c/a>. \"Delaying vaccines only leaves a child at risk of disease for a longer period of time; it does not make vaccinating safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/downloads/parent-ver-sch-0-6yrs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> recommends \u003c/a>vaccinating against 14 diseases, beginning at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Offit, who directs the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, is one of the vaccine experts who is now spending a chunk of his day countering Trump's assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, 100 years ago, there was just one vaccine available -- smallpox. Today, there are far more. But the overall challenge to the immune system is actually smaller today, Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The number of immunological components in vaccines today is fewer than the one vaccine we got a hundred years ago,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond vaccines, simply living outside the womb's sterile environment, Offit says, makes your immune system work harder than today's vaccines do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you leave the womb,\" he said, \"very quickly you have living on the surface of your body trillions of bacteria to which you make an immune response.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're always exposed to a whole wealth of immune challenges, every day, that are far greater than what you get from vaccines,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Art Reingold, a professor of public health at UC Berkeley, also vouched for the safety of the schedule. \"We know we are not overwhelming the infant's immune system, that the infant on a daily basis sees more antigens just in terms of interacting with the environment and crawling around, than from vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine schedule is well-tested, Offit says, and new vaccines are not added randomly. \"You can't put a vaccine onto the existing schedule without proving that that vaccine doesn't interfere with the safety profile of existing vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when Donald Trump suggests that vaccines can be spaced out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's \"arguing for a schedule that's untested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While delaying vaccines puts children at risk of contracting disease, as the American Academy of Pediatrics' Remley noted, it's unclear how great that delay would be for specific shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would depend on which disease and how common it is,\" Reingold said and would be hard to quantify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But delaying vaccines might be the only way some parents will consent to vaccinating their child in the first place. \"There are providers who might say ... 'I'm willing to work with you on that,' \" Reingold speculated, while noting that he does not see patients himself. \"I'm sure those are difficult discussions between parents and providers.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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