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"content": "\u003cp>Studies have shown that cognitive behavioral therapy is beneficial for depressed people. But a relatively new area of research involves using mobile phones to help patients stay engaged with their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cognitive behavioral therapy or “CBT” treatment involves teaching patients to identify and modify negative thoughts or behaviors that are prone to exacerbate their depression, and by doing so, change their mood. One integral part of CBT is the “homework” patients do in between weekly sessions, which usually involve logging their moods throughout the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helps you monitor how you’re doing, identify thoughts that bring your mood down, and also when you’re engaging in activities that will improve your mood,” said \u003ca href=\"http://socialwelfare.berkeley.edu/faculty/adrian-aguilera\">Adrian Aguilera\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We know in general that people who are depressed have a harder time showing up to sessions. It’s an illness of motivation.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Adrian Aguilera, clinical psychologist at UC Berkeley \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But many people find it hard to carry around a piece of paper or a notebook, and many simply forget to keep track. Not doing the homework limits the efficacy of CBT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Aguilera has been testing out using text messages to his patients at San Francisco General Hospital to stay on top of their out-of-session assignments. He’s developed an open source platform called \u003ca href=\"https://healthysms.org/accounts/login/?next=/manage/groups\">HealthySMS\u003c/a> that automates the process of tracking patient moods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many psychiatrists and psychotherapists have been considering ways to use technology to help their patients deal with mental health disorders. Some have used web-based interventions for many years. With the widespread adoption of smartphones, others are eyeing apps as a way to aid in-person therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping in touch with patients between in-person visits can be a powerful tool for mental health professionals, both as a way to remind patients of what they learned in sessions and as a way to track how well patients are doing in between sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there are a few mobile phone apps to help people with their mood disorders, texting is a uniquely suited technology for staying in touch with a wide swath of mental health patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many [low-income patients] don’t have desktop computers at home. Mobile phones and smartphones are breaking down some of those barriers,” said Aguilera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, most of his patients are Spanish-speaking elderly. Quite a few of them find the learning curve for a complicated smartphone app a lot steeper when compared with texting and Aguilera built HealthySMS to incorporate Spanish-language texting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera has been working on texting his CBT patients since 2009. The earliest incarnations of texting apps were clunky and not particularly versatile. When it came time to upgrade, one of his graduate students pointed him in the direction of Twilio, a startup that specializes in software for cloud-based communications. On the heels of fellow technology companies Salesforce and Google, Twilio launched a philanthropic arm, Twilio.org, which provides the company’s technologies to nonprofits at a deep discount. Over 450 nonprofit groups are currently using Twilio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera worked with researchers and developers at Northwestern University’s Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies to create HealthySMS and since its open sourced, other mental health professionals can adapt it to their purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-17-at-12.25.22-PM.png\" alt=\"A graph charting text responses of daily mood ratings from cognitive behavior therapy patients using HealthySMS.\" width=\"768\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-17-at-12.25.22-PM.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-17-at-12.25.22-PM-400x254.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graph charting text responses of daily mood ratings from cognitive behavior therapy patients using HealthySMS. \u003ccite>(HealthySMS )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>HealthySMS automatically sends a daily text at random times of day to CBT patients asking them to rate their current mood. Besides making it easier for patients to track their moods, HealthySMS lets the treating psychotherapist track those responses. That information can then be used during therapy sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera is currently in the middle of a clinical trial testing whether Spanish-speaking CBT patients who use HealthySMS improve more than patients who only attend in-person CBT sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients tend to respond more at the beginning of the 16-week program, according to Aguilera, he says it tapers off after a few weeks. But he’s also noticed that when they become more depressed, they show up to in-person sessions less often, but interact with the texts more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know in general that people who are depressed have a harder time showing up to sessions. It’s an illness of motivation,” he said. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many psychiatrists and psychotherapists have been considering ways to use technology to help their patients deal with mental health disorders. Some have used web-based interventions for many years. With the widespread adoption of smartphones, others are eyeing apps as a way to aid in-person therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping in touch with patients between in-person visits can be a powerful tool for mental health professionals, both as a way to remind patients of what they learned in sessions and as a way to track how well patients are doing in between sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there are a few mobile phone apps to help people with their mood disorders, texting is a uniquely suited technology for staying in touch with a wide swath of mental health patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many [low-income patients] don’t have desktop computers at home. Mobile phones and smartphones are breaking down some of those barriers,” said Aguilera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, most of his patients are Spanish-speaking elderly. Quite a few of them find the learning curve for a complicated smartphone app a lot steeper when compared with texting and Aguilera built HealthySMS to incorporate Spanish-language texting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera has been working on texting his CBT patients since 2009. The earliest incarnations of texting apps were clunky and not particularly versatile. When it came time to upgrade, one of his graduate students pointed him in the direction of Twilio, a startup that specializes in software for cloud-based communications. On the heels of fellow technology companies Salesforce and Google, Twilio launched a philanthropic arm, Twilio.org, which provides the company’s technologies to nonprofits at a deep discount. Over 450 nonprofit groups are currently using Twilio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera worked with researchers and developers at Northwestern University’s Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies to create HealthySMS and since its open sourced, other mental health professionals can adapt it to their purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40475\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40475\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-17-at-12.25.22-PM.png\" alt=\"A graph charting text responses of daily mood ratings from cognitive behavior therapy patients using HealthySMS.\" width=\"768\" height=\"487\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-17-at-12.25.22-PM.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/Screen-Shot-2015-09-17-at-12.25.22-PM-400x254.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graph charting text responses of daily mood ratings from cognitive behavior therapy patients using HealthySMS. \u003ccite>(HealthySMS )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>HealthySMS automatically sends a daily text at random times of day to CBT patients asking them to rate their current mood. Besides making it easier for patients to track their moods, HealthySMS lets the treating psychotherapist track those responses. That information can then be used during therapy sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera is currently in the middle of a clinical trial testing whether Spanish-speaking CBT patients who use HealthySMS improve more than patients who only attend in-person CBT sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients tend to respond more at the beginning of the 16-week program, according to Aguilera, he says it tapers off after a few weeks. But he’s also noticed that when they become more depressed, they show up to in-person sessions less often, but interact with the texts more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know in general that people who are depressed have a harder time showing up to sessions. It’s an illness of motivation,” he said. But if depressed patients are still texting, it’s one way to keep the line of communication open with them, even when their therapy attendance gets spotty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could serve as a way to stay on the radar for someone thinking about getting treatment,” said Aguilera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the clinical trial will be available some time in 2016. In the meantime, Aguilera said it is challenging to disentangle depression from other problems. For example, many of his patients have diabetes. So personalizing the texts to address those multiple health problems is one area he is interested in pursuing. “One size fits all can be limiting,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Engineers Create a Titanium Rib Cage Worthy of Wolverine",
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"content": "\u003cp>At first glance, the metallic device almost looks like a high-tech bike pedal. Or maybe the latest cooking gadget for zesting lemons. Or, perhaps, it's a secret weapon for X-Men superhero \u003ca href=\"http://marvel.com/universe/Wolverine\">Wolverine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But look again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in Spain say this is the world's first 3-D-printed rib cage, made entirely from titanium. And they've already implanted the device into the chest of a 54-year-old cancer patient. The man lost his sternum and pieces of four ribs when doctors removed a large tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perforated center section of the implant is the prosthetic sternum. Four thin rods on the left mimic ribs. They're thin and flexible so they can bend during breathing. The eight clamps on either side attach the implant to bone. Screws hold the clamps in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 794px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/3dgedrucktes_wide-f6f0468d15794bbb42349d098b3d584679a89274-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"The implant was custom-designed using CT scans of a cancer patient's chest. The man lost his sternum and four ribs during surgery to remove a tumor.\" width=\"794\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/3dgedrucktes_wide-f6f0468d15794bbb42349d098b3d584679a89274-s800-c85.jpg 794w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/3dgedrucktes_wide-f6f0468d15794bbb42349d098b3d584679a89274-s800-c85-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The implant was custom-designed using CT scans of a cancer patient's chest. The man lost his sternum and four ribs during surgery to remove a tumor. \u003ccite>(CSIRO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surgeons at Salamanca University Hospital \u003ca href=\"http://ejcts.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/03/ejcts.ezv265.long\">reported\u003c/a> the man's case — and how they made the prosthesis — last month in the \u003cem>European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.anatomics.com/products/chest-implants/titanium/\">Anatomics\u003c/a> in Melbourne, Australia, custom-designed the device using CT scans of the man's chest. They manufactured the implant with a $1.3 million metal printer at a government-run lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The printer uses an electron beam to melt titanium powder, says engineer Alex Kingsbury, who helped make the titanium rib cage at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.csiro.au/\">Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation\u003c/a>. The printer then paints each layer of the device, one on top of another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xt0CiUDVPHk]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As each layer is fused, you start to build up a product,\" Kingsbury \u003ca href=\"http://www.csiro.au/en/News/News-releases/2015/Cancer-patient-receives-3D-printed-ribs-in-world-first-surgery?featured=27F6622E2C954B819F5E36ECE881FA68\">says\u003c/a> in a video by CSIRO. \"It would be an incredibly complex piece to manufacture traditionally, in fact, you know, almost impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSIRO wouldn't say how much the artificial rib cage cost. \"But for complex and customized implants, the cost [to print them] is more affordable and the time to produce it is shorter than with traditional manufacturing,\" Crystal Ladiges, a spokesperson for CSIROs wrote in an email to Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As metallic printers become more common, she wrote, so will 3-D printed implants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons typically use a combination of flat plates, bars and mesh to build an artificial rib cage and sternum for patients. The 3-D printing technology allowed the surgeons to create an implant that \"fitted like glove\" in the man's chest, Dr. Jose Aranda, of Salamanca University Hospital, \u003ca href=\"http://www.anatomics.com/media/1093/custom-made-chest-implant.pdf\">said\u003c/a> in a statement. He and his colleagues hope the better fit will mean fewer complications in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the surgical team admits that such a complex prosthesis is probably helpful only for extreme cases, when extensive reconstruction of the sternum and rib cage are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Engineers+Create+A+Titanium+Rib+Cage+Worthy+Of+Wolverine&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At first glance, the metallic device almost looks like a high-tech bike pedal. Or maybe the latest cooking gadget for zesting lemons. Or, perhaps, it's a secret weapon for X-Men superhero \u003ca href=\"http://marvel.com/universe/Wolverine\">Wolverine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But look again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in Spain say this is the world's first 3-D-printed rib cage, made entirely from titanium. And they've already implanted the device into the chest of a 54-year-old cancer patient. The man lost his sternum and pieces of four ribs when doctors removed a large tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perforated center section of the implant is the prosthetic sternum. Four thin rods on the left mimic ribs. They're thin and flexible so they can bend during breathing. The eight clamps on either side attach the implant to bone. Screws hold the clamps in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_40003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 794px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-40003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/3dgedrucktes_wide-f6f0468d15794bbb42349d098b3d584679a89274-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"The implant was custom-designed using CT scans of a cancer patient's chest. The man lost his sternum and four ribs during surgery to remove a tumor.\" width=\"794\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/3dgedrucktes_wide-f6f0468d15794bbb42349d098b3d584679a89274-s800-c85.jpg 794w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/3dgedrucktes_wide-f6f0468d15794bbb42349d098b3d584679a89274-s800-c85-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 794px) 100vw, 794px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The implant was custom-designed using CT scans of a cancer patient's chest. The man lost his sternum and four ribs during surgery to remove a tumor. \u003ccite>(CSIRO)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Surgeons at Salamanca University Hospital \u003ca href=\"http://ejcts.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/08/03/ejcts.ezv265.long\">reported\u003c/a> the man's case — and how they made the prosthesis — last month in the \u003cem>European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.anatomics.com/products/chest-implants/titanium/\">Anatomics\u003c/a> in Melbourne, Australia, custom-designed the device using CT scans of the man's chest. They manufactured the implant with a $1.3 million metal printer at a government-run lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The printer uses an electron beam to melt titanium powder, says engineer Alex Kingsbury, who helped make the titanium rib cage at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.csiro.au/\">Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation\u003c/a>. The printer then paints each layer of the device, one on top of another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Xt0CiUDVPHk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Xt0CiUDVPHk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As each layer is fused, you start to build up a product,\" Kingsbury \u003ca href=\"http://www.csiro.au/en/News/News-releases/2015/Cancer-patient-receives-3D-printed-ribs-in-world-first-surgery?featured=27F6622E2C954B819F5E36ECE881FA68\">says\u003c/a> in a video by CSIRO. \"It would be an incredibly complex piece to manufacture traditionally, in fact, you know, almost impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSIRO wouldn't say how much the artificial rib cage cost. \"But for complex and customized implants, the cost [to print them] is more affordable and the time to produce it is shorter than with traditional manufacturing,\" Crystal Ladiges, a spokesperson for CSIROs wrote in an email to Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As metallic printers become more common, she wrote, so will 3-D printed implants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons typically use a combination of flat plates, bars and mesh to build an artificial rib cage and sternum for patients. The 3-D printing technology allowed the surgeons to create an implant that \"fitted like glove\" in the man's chest, Dr. Jose Aranda, of Salamanca University Hospital, \u003ca href=\"http://www.anatomics.com/media/1093/custom-made-chest-implant.pdf\">said\u003c/a> in a statement. He and his colleagues hope the better fit will mean fewer complications in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the surgical team admits that such a complex prosthesis is probably helpful only for extreme cases, when extensive reconstruction of the sternum and rib cage are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Engineers+Create+A+Titanium+Rib+Cage+Worthy+Of+Wolverine&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bill Making California Toughest in U.S. on Livestock Antibiotics Now Up to Governor",
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"content": "\u003cp>A bill that would require the most stringent regulations in the country on the use of antibiotics in livestock is on Gov. Jerry Brown's desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If signed into law, California would ban the common practice of using drugs to fatten animals and would require a prescription from a veterinarian for other uses, such as fighting disease or infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB27\" target=\"_blank\">SB27\u003c/a>, would effectively end over-the-counter sales of antibiotics for livestock. It also calls for monitoring by California's Department of Food and Agriculture and development of best practices for antibiotic use in livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will make California the first state in the nation to put constraints on the regular ongoing uses of antibiotics,\" said Avinash Kar, a senior attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council, which supports the bill. \"These are all important advances, and we are hopeful that this will mean that other states will follow California's lead and, hopefully, even the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 70 percent of the antibiotics sold in the U.S. are for animal use. Widespread use -- in people, too -- contributes to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. (As an aside, the \"70 percent\" number is the subject of some debate, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2013/oct/15/louise-slaughter/rep-louise-slaughter-says-80-antibiotics-are-fed-l/\" target=\"_blank\">appears to be quite accurate\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 2 million people get sick every year with a drug-resistant infection and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/\" target=\"_blank\">23,000 die \u003c/a>as a result of those illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Massive amounts of antibiotics are used on farms in the creation of meat,\" said Elisa Odabashian, director of Consumers Union's West Coast office, which also backs the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they're used to treat a disease, like antibiotics are used to treat a disease in humans, for a limited time, we're fine with that,” she said. “It's using it for growth promotion or disease prevention that creates these adaptive superbugs that makes medicines ineffective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the NRDC and Consumers Union had originally opposed the bill, labeling it too weak. It was first introduced last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the final two weeks of the session, which ended last Friday, Odabashian and Kar say that the governor’s office got involved and pushed for a tougher bill. It was only after the bill was amended to be more stringent did the NRDC and Consumers Union drop their opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown had been pushing for a tougher livestock antibiotics bill since last year, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/02/why-advocates-say-browns-veto-of-livestock-antibiotics-bill-is-a-good-thing/\" target=\"_blank\">when he vetoed SB835\u003c/a>, a bill many advocates opposed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/09/why-advocacy-groups-oppose-bill-limiting-use-of-antibiotics-in-animals/\" target=\"_blank\">saying it was too lax\u003c/a>. In his veto statement, Brown said he wanted state regulators to work with legislators to find “new and effective ways to reduce the unnecessary antibiotics used for livestock and poultry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Jerry Hill, D-San Mateo, is the author of both last year’s bill and this one. “I worked very closely with Gov. Brown’s administration on SB27 and I’m confident the governor will sign it,” Hill said in an email. “There is no other state that has regulations as strong as those proposed by the bill. What we are able to accomplish here in California will hopefully set the trend for the rest of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office did not return a call seeking comment in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry groups have not mounted strong opposition. California’s Farm Bureau, for example, is neutral on the bill. Noelle Cremers, its director of natural resources and commodities, said that antibiotic resistance is an issue in livestock. “We have members who are not able to use antibiotics that they used to,” she said. “So we recognize the importance of being engaged in the discussion of having antibiotics available and effective into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Farm Bureau remains neutral on the bill because of its requirement of a veterinarian’s prescription for antibiotics. California will be the first state in the country to require these prescriptions. Cremers said it will be a challenge for some livestock producers in rural areas to find a veterinarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That requirement is significant and is going to be a burden to some of our members, and that’s why we couldn’t support the bill,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor has until early October to sign or veto the bill.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A bill that would require the most stringent regulations in the country on the use of antibiotics in livestock is on Gov. Jerry Brown's desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If signed into law, California would ban the common practice of using drugs to fatten animals and would require a prescription from a veterinarian for other uses, such as fighting disease or infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB27\" target=\"_blank\">SB27\u003c/a>, would effectively end over-the-counter sales of antibiotics for livestock. It also calls for monitoring by California's Department of Food and Agriculture and development of best practices for antibiotic use in livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will make California the first state in the nation to put constraints on the regular ongoing uses of antibiotics,\" said Avinash Kar, a senior attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council, which supports the bill. \"These are all important advances, and we are hopeful that this will mean that other states will follow California's lead and, hopefully, even the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 70 percent of the antibiotics sold in the U.S. are for animal use. Widespread use -- in people, too -- contributes to the rise of drug-resistant bacteria. (As an aside, the \"70 percent\" number is the subject of some debate, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2013/oct/15/louise-slaughter/rep-louise-slaughter-says-80-antibiotics-are-fed-l/\" target=\"_blank\">appears to be quite accurate\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 2 million people get sick every year with a drug-resistant infection and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/\" target=\"_blank\">23,000 die \u003c/a>as a result of those illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Massive amounts of antibiotics are used on farms in the creation of meat,\" said Elisa Odabashian, director of Consumers Union's West Coast office, which also backs the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they're used to treat a disease, like antibiotics are used to treat a disease in humans, for a limited time, we're fine with that,” she said. “It's using it for growth promotion or disease prevention that creates these adaptive superbugs that makes medicines ineffective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the NRDC and Consumers Union had originally opposed the bill, labeling it too weak. It was first introduced last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the final two weeks of the session, which ended last Friday, Odabashian and Kar say that the governor’s office got involved and pushed for a tougher bill. It was only after the bill was amended to be more stringent did the NRDC and Consumers Union drop their opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown had been pushing for a tougher livestock antibiotics bill since last year, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/02/why-advocates-say-browns-veto-of-livestock-antibiotics-bill-is-a-good-thing/\" target=\"_blank\">when he vetoed SB835\u003c/a>, a bill many advocates opposed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/08/09/why-advocacy-groups-oppose-bill-limiting-use-of-antibiotics-in-animals/\" target=\"_blank\">saying it was too lax\u003c/a>. In his veto statement, Brown said he wanted state regulators to work with legislators to find “new and effective ways to reduce the unnecessary antibiotics used for livestock and poultry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Jerry Hill, D-San Mateo, is the author of both last year’s bill and this one. “I worked very closely with Gov. Brown’s administration on SB27 and I’m confident the governor will sign it,” Hill said in an email. “There is no other state that has regulations as strong as those proposed by the bill. What we are able to accomplish here in California will hopefully set the trend for the rest of the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office did not return a call seeking comment in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry groups have not mounted strong opposition. California’s Farm Bureau, for example, is neutral on the bill. Noelle Cremers, its director of natural resources and commodities, said that antibiotic resistance is an issue in livestock. “We have members who are not able to use antibiotics that they used to,” she said. “So we recognize the importance of being engaged in the discussion of having antibiotics available and effective into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Farm Bureau remains neutral on the bill because of its requirement of a veterinarian’s prescription for antibiotics. California will be the first state in the country to require these prescriptions. Cremers said it will be a challenge for some livestock producers in rural areas to find a veterinarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That requirement is significant and is going to be a burden to some of our members, and that’s why we couldn’t support the bill,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor has until early October to sign or veto the bill.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Techies and People With Disabilities Team Up for 'Makeathon'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Corbett O'Toole wants to disrupt the wheelchair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met O'Toole, a disability rights advocate, last Friday at a bustling maker space in downtown San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"http://www.techshop.ws/\">TechShop\u003c/a>, a do-it-yourself workshop crammed with tools and equipment, \u003ca href=\"http://www.techshop.ws/Events.html?&action=detail&id=1684\">was hosting a 72-hour \"makeathon\"\u003c/a> for teams to develop assistive technology alongside people with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And O'Toole's idea is to rig up a wheelchair that can help people use an accessible bathroom without needing another person to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Toole, who says she's been in a wheelchair for 40 years, says she's met many women who receive assistance getting from their wheelchair to the toilet only twice a day: At morning and at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have three options: A diaper, a surgical procedure, or a catheter,\" she says. \"None of these are ideal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39150\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 709px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-709x600.jpg\" alt=\"Teams assembled at TechShop in San Francisco over the weekend, worked on developing assistive technology products. \" width=\"709\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-709x600.jpg 709w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-400x339.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-1180x999.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-1920x1625.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-960x813.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teams assembled at TechShop in San Francisco over the weekend to develop assistive technology products. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So O'Toole wants to work with Bay Area techies to design a wheelchair in which the user could press a button to raise the chair up and forward, to help them maneuver more easily inside a bathroom stall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When on a date or at work,\" she says, \"they could use the bathroom on their own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Focus on Real Needs \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 100 techies and people with disabilities at the weekend makeathon were teams working on \"smart\" crutches to help people carry beverages, a device to help people grab and transport objects with their mouths, and an application for Google Glass to help people who can't speak express themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each team had a $500 budget for tools and equipment to build the first version of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What stood out to me right away was the focus on understanding people's needs. Each team was assigned a \"needs knower,\" who understands the problem and can describe their experiences in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39128\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-39128\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-456x600.jpg\" alt=\"Corbett O'Toole is heading up a project called "Free the Pee." \" width=\"305\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-456x600.jpg 456w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-400x526.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-898x1180.jpg 898w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-1180x1551.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-960x1262.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873.jpg 1862w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corbett O'Toole is heading up a project called \"Free the Pee.\" \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"At these kind of events, many people come up with solutions and [then] look for problems,\" says Sefi Attias, chief technology officer for \u003ca href=\"http://tomglobal.org/\">Tikkun Olam Makers\u003c/a>, an Israeli organization that sponsored the event, alongside Google Dot Org and \u003ca href=\"http://ucpnb.org/\">United Cerebral Palsy of the North Bay\u003c/a>. \"We wanted to do things differently.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one table, a group of developers huddles around \u003ca href=\"http://www.zebredamakesitwork.com/\">Zebreda Dunham\u003c/a>, a needs knower from Pasadena, California, who has limited use of her hands. Dunham is a budding maker herself, having already hacked a pulley system to help herself eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunham is working with a seven-person team, including techies and occupational therapists, to develop a more sophisticated version of her pulley system. Over the course of the weekend, Dunham will test out a range of possibilities for the feeding system to ensure it's comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Futuristic Technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another table, I met a needs knower from Orange County, Danny Kurtzman, who assembled a team to build what he calls a \"21st-century wheelchair\" that can be controlled by a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurtzman says he also wants to make a lightweight chair that's capable of traveling on any terrain, including the beach. In future versions, he hopes to add health tracking tools to the dashboard of the chair, so he can see how far he's traveled each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39126\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39126\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Spencer Stein (left) and teammates Daniela Schrimer and Danny Kurtzman have known each other since they were children.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spencer Stein (left) and teammates Daniela Schrimer and Danny Kurtzman have known each other since they were children. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in a wheelchair all day but it doesn't do very much beyond getting me around,\" he says. Kurtzman has used the same model of wheelchair for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of the event, Kurtzman struck up a friendship with an engineer, who offered to help him out with another project idea on the side. Kurtzman says virtual reality has vast potential for people with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of describing his idea, he asks me to try out a pair of virtual reality goggles from Samsung. I was transported to a three-dimensional world where I was flying in a small airplane. Almost immediately, I felt that familiar dizzy feeling you might get during takeoff and landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurtzman and his new friend plan to take the goggles out this weekend to simulate the experience of running across the Golden Gate Bridge. It will give a huge mental health boost to people in wheelchairs, he says, to feel that sensation of running across the iconic bridge.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Corbett O'Toole wants to disrupt the wheelchair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met O'Toole, a disability rights advocate, last Friday at a bustling maker space in downtown San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"http://www.techshop.ws/\">TechShop\u003c/a>, a do-it-yourself workshop crammed with tools and equipment, \u003ca href=\"http://www.techshop.ws/Events.html?&action=detail&id=1684\">was hosting a 72-hour \"makeathon\"\u003c/a> for teams to develop assistive technology alongside people with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And O'Toole's idea is to rig up a wheelchair that can help people use an accessible bathroom without needing another person to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Toole, who says she's been in a wheelchair for 40 years, says she's met many women who receive assistance getting from their wheelchair to the toilet only twice a day: At morning and at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have three options: A diaper, a surgical procedure, or a catheter,\" she says. \"None of these are ideal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39150\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 709px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-709x600.jpg\" alt=\"Teams assembled at TechShop in San Francisco over the weekend, worked on developing assistive technology products. \" width=\"709\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-709x600.jpg 709w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-400x339.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-1180x999.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-1920x1625.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1899-960x813.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teams assembled at TechShop in San Francisco over the weekend to develop assistive technology products. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So O'Toole wants to work with Bay Area techies to design a wheelchair in which the user could press a button to raise the chair up and forward, to help them maneuver more easily inside a bathroom stall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When on a date or at work,\" she says, \"they could use the bathroom on their own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Focus on Real Needs \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 100 techies and people with disabilities at the weekend makeathon were teams working on \"smart\" crutches to help people carry beverages, a device to help people grab and transport objects with their mouths, and an application for Google Glass to help people who can't speak express themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each team had a $500 budget for tools and equipment to build the first version of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What stood out to me right away was the focus on understanding people's needs. Each team was assigned a \"needs knower,\" who understands the problem and can describe their experiences in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39128\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-39128\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-456x600.jpg\" alt=\"Corbett O'Toole is heading up a project called "Free the Pee." \" width=\"305\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-456x600.jpg 456w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-400x526.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-898x1180.jpg 898w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-1180x1551.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873-960x1262.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/IMG_1873.jpg 1862w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 305px) 100vw, 305px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Corbett O'Toole is heading up a project called \"Free the Pee.\" \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"At these kind of events, many people come up with solutions and [then] look for problems,\" says Sefi Attias, chief technology officer for \u003ca href=\"http://tomglobal.org/\">Tikkun Olam Makers\u003c/a>, an Israeli organization that sponsored the event, alongside Google Dot Org and \u003ca href=\"http://ucpnb.org/\">United Cerebral Palsy of the North Bay\u003c/a>. \"We wanted to do things differently.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one table, a group of developers huddles around \u003ca href=\"http://www.zebredamakesitwork.com/\">Zebreda Dunham\u003c/a>, a needs knower from Pasadena, California, who has limited use of her hands. Dunham is a budding maker herself, having already hacked a pulley system to help herself eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunham is working with a seven-person team, including techies and occupational therapists, to develop a more sophisticated version of her pulley system. Over the course of the weekend, Dunham will test out a range of possibilities for the feeding system to ensure it's comfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Futuristic Technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At another table, I met a needs knower from Orange County, Danny Kurtzman, who assembled a team to build what he calls a \"21st-century wheelchair\" that can be controlled by a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurtzman says he also wants to make a lightweight chair that's capable of traveling on any terrain, including the beach. In future versions, he hopes to add health tracking tools to the dashboard of the chair, so he can see how far he's traveled each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39126\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-39126\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Spencer Stein (left) and teammates Daniela Schrimer and Danny Kurtzman have known each other since they were children.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/disabilities-8-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spencer Stein (left) and teammates Daniela Schrimer and Danny Kurtzman have known each other since they were children. \u003ccite>(Christina Farr/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I'm in a wheelchair all day but it doesn't do very much beyond getting me around,\" he says. Kurtzman has used the same model of wheelchair for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the first day of the event, Kurtzman struck up a friendship with an engineer, who offered to help him out with another project idea on the side. Kurtzman says virtual reality has vast potential for people with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of describing his idea, he asks me to try out a pair of virtual reality goggles from Samsung. I was transported to a three-dimensional world where I was flying in a small airplane. Almost immediately, I felt that familiar dizzy feeling you might get during takeoff and landing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurtzman and his new friend plan to take the goggles out this weekend to simulate the experience of running across the Golden Gate Bridge. It will give a huge mental health boost to people in wheelchairs, he says, to feel that sensation of running across the iconic bridge.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Google may have shelved their smart glasses for now, but a Massachusetts based startup has designed an app for Google Glass they claim will help kids with autism better recognize social cues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children with autism can have a hard time making eye contact when interacting and that can mean they miss out on a lot of information that could help them gauge how loud to speak or if someone is in discomfort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This lack of connection sets off an anti-cascade of behaviors,” said Dr. Ned Sahin, a neuroscientist and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.brain-power.com/\">Brain Power\u003c/a>, a Google Glass app. “When they don’t pick up on these cues, they don’t get attention and they are left out of social engagement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahin’s company is building software and hardware add-ons for Google Glass that they hope will help children with autism learn some of these social skills and help provide caregivers with feedback. It's still early for the app, clinical trials on the product begin this fall at Harvard Medical School and the program is currently in beta testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahin studied language development in his cognitive neuroscience PhD research at Harvard, but only became interested in applications for autism two years ago while attending a conference at MIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting in the audience wearing his Google glass, Sahin said that the onstage discussion about the neurological challenges of autism sparked his idea for Brain Power. According to Sahin, Google Glass is the ideal device for addressing neurodevelopment issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Arshya Vahabzadeh, a psychiatrist, and vice president of the company, explained that desktops, smartphones, and tablets are difficult for kids to disengage from once they’re hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They love getting immersed, and they go into their own digital world. But then how do you get the kid with his head down, playing on the smartphone, to re-engage?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many children with autism can’t handle transitions well, so they crash emotionally when you try to take it away,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brain Power claims its technology demonstrates measurable improvements in eye contact and documented decreased emotional stress. The company also says that the app also generates data that parents and teachers can track to see a child’s responses and progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a child is getting agitated — maybe he/she begins a repetitive behavior, or stops an activity abruptly — the glass detects the distress and sends an alert to nearby caregivers. If an impending meltdown is indicated by the predictive analytics, the visual display and auditory system can intervene with calming visuals and music, customized to the child’s preferences. However, according to Brain Power, the programs are ultimately training kids in self-regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea is that kids can use it for about two hours a day. Like practicing the piano, it helps them develop skills that will benefit them at any time,” said Sahin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37956\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37956\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sean Novick trying on Google Glass app\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean Novick trying on Brain Power's Google Glass app. Credit: Brain Power \u003ccite>(Brain Power)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sara Gaynor, a special education teacher in Boston, brought her 11-year-old autistic son, Sean Novick, to test out Brain Power’s software at a public demo day. She was skeptical that he would even wear a Google Glass, since he, like many autistic kids, is sensitive to head accessories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He put them on, though, and I was amazed. A light switch went on, and he was so happy,” she said. Gaynor says her son’s eye contact improved immediately, and he was able to get the attention and focus from adults that he craves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the Brain Power team kicked off a national RV tour to demo the product at schools and community centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was our way of reaching communities that may not usually have access to beta testing of digital products,” said Vahabzadeh, who is opening the West Coast branch of Brain Power this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The company will provide a product demonstration to the public in San Francisco on September 15th at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/880479382031295/\">HatchTodaySF coworking space. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Google may have shelved their smart glasses for now, but a Massachusetts based startup has designed an app for Google Glass they claim will help kids with autism better recognize social cues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children with autism can have a hard time making eye contact when interacting and that can mean they miss out on a lot of information that could help them gauge how loud to speak or if someone is in discomfort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This lack of connection sets off an anti-cascade of behaviors,” said Dr. Ned Sahin, a neuroscientist and founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.brain-power.com/\">Brain Power\u003c/a>, a Google Glass app. “When they don’t pick up on these cues, they don’t get attention and they are left out of social engagement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahin’s company is building software and hardware add-ons for Google Glass that they hope will help children with autism learn some of these social skills and help provide caregivers with feedback. It's still early for the app, clinical trials on the product begin this fall at Harvard Medical School and the program is currently in beta testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahin studied language development in his cognitive neuroscience PhD research at Harvard, but only became interested in applications for autism two years ago while attending a conference at MIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting in the audience wearing his Google glass, Sahin said that the onstage discussion about the neurological challenges of autism sparked his idea for Brain Power. According to Sahin, Google Glass is the ideal device for addressing neurodevelopment issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Arshya Vahabzadeh, a psychiatrist, and vice president of the company, explained that desktops, smartphones, and tablets are difficult for kids to disengage from once they’re hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They love getting immersed, and they go into their own digital world. But then how do you get the kid with his head down, playing on the smartphone, to re-engage?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many children with autism can’t handle transitions well, so they crash emotionally when you try to take it away,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brain Power claims its technology demonstrates measurable improvements in eye contact and documented decreased emotional stress. The company also says that the app also generates data that parents and teachers can track to see a child’s responses and progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a child is getting agitated — maybe he/she begins a repetitive behavior, or stops an activity abruptly — the glass detects the distress and sends an alert to nearby caregivers. If an impending meltdown is indicated by the predictive analytics, the visual display and auditory system can intervene with calming visuals and music, customized to the child’s preferences. However, according to Brain Power, the programs are ultimately training kids in self-regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea is that kids can use it for about two hours a day. Like practicing the piano, it helps them develop skills that will benefit them at any time,” said Sahin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37956\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37956\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sean Novick trying on Google Glass app\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SeanWithMother-AngryBirdEmotionGame-SundayFamilyEvent1-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean Novick trying on Brain Power's Google Glass app. Credit: Brain Power \u003ccite>(Brain Power)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sara Gaynor, a special education teacher in Boston, brought her 11-year-old autistic son, Sean Novick, to test out Brain Power’s software at a public demo day. She was skeptical that he would even wear a Google Glass, since he, like many autistic kids, is sensitive to head accessories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He put them on, though, and I was amazed. A light switch went on, and he was so happy,” she said. Gaynor says her son’s eye contact improved immediately, and he was able to get the attention and focus from adults that he craves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the Brain Power team kicked off a national RV tour to demo the product at schools and community centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was our way of reaching communities that may not usually have access to beta testing of digital products,” said Vahabzadeh, who is opening the West Coast branch of Brain Power this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The company will provide a product demonstration to the public in San Francisco on September 15th at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/880479382031295/\">HatchTodaySF coworking space. \u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When is it OK to Record Your Doctor's Orders?",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"inaugural\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/09/09/18068/when-is-it-ok-to-record-your-doctor-s-orders/\">This post originally appeared on KPCC’s consumer health blog, Impatient.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"inaugural\">Jonathan Sommers didn't use his cell phone to record the moment when his doctor diagnosed him with testicular cancer in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was 28 years old and had so many questions, but was too confused to process anything the doctor had just told him. He remembers going home after that first appointment and feeling overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, he recorded virtually every other significant appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he would ask his doctor if it was OK to record their conversation that day, especially when it pertained to \"new news, or treatment options, or different therapies that we wanted to discuss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also sure to record when he was asking the doctor specific questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was really the most important part for me was when there were questions that I wanted the answer to,\" says Sommers, who's now 32 and cured of the cancer. \"I would record it because a lot of the times, when you hear the answer, you need to let it marinate in your brain for a bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big problem is some patients are recording covertly – without asking or informing their doctors. California law requires both parties to consent to the recording of conversations, both on the phone and in-person, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Record? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients might want to record a conversation with their doctor for a number of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Sommers experienced, some people are overwhelmed by the amount of information their doctors are sharing with them. Others don't have a great memory, especially for complicated diagnoses and treatment options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still others just want an accurate record of their conversation and they find recording to be easier than taking handwritten notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's this classic scenario of somebody comes home from the doctor and their spouse says, 'what did the doctor say?' and the one who was there says, 'oh, not much,''\" quips \u003ca href=\"http://www.epatientdave.com/\">Dave deBronkart\u003c/a>, a kidney cancer survivor who's become a leading voice for the patient engagement movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, What's the Problem? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether this practice helps patients comprehend and follow their doctor's advice – or harms their relationship with their doctor – depends on at least one major factor: Did the doctor consent to being recorded?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ali Seifi, an assistant professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, recalls the first time he was recorded without his consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two years ago, he says, he was treating a patient in the intensive care unit who had suffered a head injury in a car accident. He asked the patient's family to come to the hospital for a meeting. As he was showing them the patient's MRI and CT scans and talking about his condition, he says he realized they were recording him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seifi remembers thinking: \"As a doctor, can I ask them to stop this recording? Or is this their right to do it?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Breach of Trust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general answer, at least in California, is that by law you must get the consent of everyone involved before recording any conversation that common sense tells you might be \"private\" or \"confidential,\" according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/california-recording-law\">Digital Media Law Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Seifi's perspective, secret recordings also beg other questions: What is a patient's motive to surreptitiously record? Is there something wrong with the doctor's behavior or attitude? What is the patient intending to do with the recording? Could it be used in a lawsuit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's problematic, he says, \"because secretly recording means that the patient is not trusting the doctor,\" says Seifi, who also co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763514\">Viewpoint article\u003c/a> on the topic in an April edition of the Journal of American Medical Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a patient asks a doctor if it's OK to record the conversation, and offers an honest explanation for why he's doing it, Seifi says most physicians will give the green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says he's heard from some colleagues who, knowing they're being recorded, temper their advice to protect themselves, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They try not to discuss in detail everything,\" Seifi says, because they fear that something they say could be \"used against them sometime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Best Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're going to record a conversation with your doctor, the first rule is:\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/issues/just-ask\"> #JustAsk\u003c/a> if it's OK. Being able to make this request is part of having an open, candid relationship with a doctor, says Jonathan Sommers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just tell your doctor why you want to record it, what you hope to gain from it and I would be shocked if they said no,\" Sommers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sommers says he's glad that he recorded many of his conversations with his doctors. The recordings were essential during his cancer journey. And, he says, re-listening to them has become a form of therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my journey was complete and I was healthy, I actually found it therapeutic to listen to the recordings again, to see how far I've come,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have you tried recording a conversation with your doctor? Tell us about it in the comments section below or e-mail us at Impatient@scpr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"inaugural\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/blogs/health/2015/09/09/18068/when-is-it-ok-to-record-your-doctor-s-orders/\">This post originally appeared on KPCC’s consumer health blog, Impatient.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"inaugural\">Jonathan Sommers didn't use his cell phone to record the moment when his doctor diagnosed him with testicular cancer in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was 28 years old and had so many questions, but was too confused to process anything the doctor had just told him. He remembers going home after that first appointment and feeling overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that, he recorded virtually every other significant appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he would ask his doctor if it was OK to record their conversation that day, especially when it pertained to \"new news, or treatment options, or different therapies that we wanted to discuss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was also sure to record when he was asking the doctor specific questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was really the most important part for me was when there were questions that I wanted the answer to,\" says Sommers, who's now 32 and cured of the cancer. \"I would record it because a lot of the times, when you hear the answer, you need to let it marinate in your brain for a bit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big problem is some patients are recording covertly – without asking or informing their doctors. California law requires both parties to consent to the recording of conversations, both on the phone and in-person, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Record? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients might want to record a conversation with their doctor for a number of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Sommers experienced, some people are overwhelmed by the amount of information their doctors are sharing with them. Others don't have a great memory, especially for complicated diagnoses and treatment options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still others just want an accurate record of their conversation and they find recording to be easier than taking handwritten notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's this classic scenario of somebody comes home from the doctor and their spouse says, 'what did the doctor say?' and the one who was there says, 'oh, not much,''\" quips \u003ca href=\"http://www.epatientdave.com/\">Dave deBronkart\u003c/a>, a kidney cancer survivor who's become a leading voice for the patient engagement movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, What's the Problem? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether this practice helps patients comprehend and follow their doctor's advice – or harms their relationship with their doctor – depends on at least one major factor: Did the doctor consent to being recorded?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ali Seifi, an assistant professor in the Department of Neurology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, recalls the first time he was recorded without his consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two years ago, he says, he was treating a patient in the intensive care unit who had suffered a head injury in a car accident. He asked the patient's family to come to the hospital for a meeting. As he was showing them the patient's MRI and CT scans and talking about his condition, he says he realized they were recording him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seifi remembers thinking: \"As a doctor, can I ask them to stop this recording? Or is this their right to do it?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Breach of Trust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The general answer, at least in California, is that by law you must get the consent of everyone involved before recording any conversation that common sense tells you might be \"private\" or \"confidential,\" according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmlp.org/legal-guide/california-recording-law\">Digital Media Law Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Seifi's perspective, secret recordings also beg other questions: What is a patient's motive to surreptitiously record? Is there something wrong with the doctor's behavior or attitude? What is the patient intending to do with the recording? Could it be used in a lawsuit?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's problematic, he says, \"because secretly recording means that the patient is not trusting the doctor,\" says Seifi, who also co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763514\">Viewpoint article\u003c/a> on the topic in an April edition of the Journal of American Medical Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a patient asks a doctor if it's OK to record the conversation, and offers an honest explanation for why he's doing it, Seifi says most physicians will give the green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says he's heard from some colleagues who, knowing they're being recorded, temper their advice to protect themselves, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They try not to discuss in detail everything,\" Seifi says, because they fear that something they say could be \"used against them sometime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Best Approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're going to record a conversation with your doctor, the first rule is:\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/issues/just-ask\"> #JustAsk\u003c/a> if it's OK. Being able to make this request is part of having an open, candid relationship with a doctor, says Jonathan Sommers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just tell your doctor why you want to record it, what you hope to gain from it and I would be shocked if they said no,\" Sommers says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sommers says he's glad that he recorded many of his conversations with his doctors. The recordings were essential during his cancer journey. And, he says, re-listening to them has become a form of therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my journey was complete and I was healthy, I actually found it therapeutic to listen to the recordings again, to see how far I've come,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Have you tried recording a conversation with your doctor? Tell us about it in the comments section below or e-mail us at Impatient@scpr.org.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Sensors Help Patients With Dementia Avoid Getting Lost",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like most patients with dementia, Ray Ciancaglini has good days and bad days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his worst days, Ciancaglini, a retired boxer, might wander off in the dead of winter from his home in Finger Lakes, New York, without notifying his wife Patty. Occasionally, he'll walk for miles and forget his home address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six out of ten people with dementia will wander, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/care/alzheimers-dementia-wandering.asp\">according to the Alzheimer's Association.\u003c/a> The Association found that about 50 percent of people who wander will suffer serious injury or death if they are not found within 24 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciancaglini recently started wearing new GPS-tracking shoe inserts called \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpssmartsole.com/\">SmartSole\u003c/a>, which fit inside his favorite pair of shoes. The insoles connect to a website and mobile app that his wife can access at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"My wife doesn't have to worry that I'll wander off and she can't find me if we're in a crowded mall or on a hike. It alleviates a lot of pressure.\"\u003ccite>Ray Ciancaglini\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Using the SmartSole system, Ciancaglini's wife, Patty, sets a perimeter and receives an alert if her husband strays outside that area. She can also track his movements in real time on a map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife doesn't have to worry that I'll wander off and she can't find me if we're in a crowded mall or on a hike,\" he said. \"It alleviates a lot of pressure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSole hit the market in January and has sold about 1,500 units, according to Patrick Bertagna from \u003ca href=\"http://gtxcorp.com/\">GTX Corp\u003c/a>, the company that developed the device. Bertagna came up with the idea about a decade ago after hearing about a little girl who was abducted. He wondered what would happen if parents could put tracking devices into kids' shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/20/using-technology-to-help-in-dementia-care/\">scope of the problem\u003c/a> for people with memory disorders, Bergagna later shifted his focus to helping them. \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/facts/\">More than five million\u003c/a> Americans suffer from Alzheimer's Disease. The Alzheimer's Association estimates that by 2025, that number will have jumped to seven million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSole is just one in a slew of recent technologies that aim to give peace of mind to those who care for people who suffer from dementia, whether it's caused by Alzheimer's Disease, sports-related traumatic brain injuries, aging or other influences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology companies have adopted a wide range of approaches to track patients. A fifteen-year-old recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/press_releases/sciam-award-2014.html\">won a Scientific American \u003c/a>award for his \"smart sock\" that detects an increase in the wearer's foot pressure when they get out of bed. A company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.bluewatersecurityprofessionals.com/elderlytracking.htm\">Bluewater Security \u003c/a>developed a wristwatch that tracks the movement of a person or car from a distance. And a handful of new technologies, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.comfortzonecheckin.com/default.aspx\">Comfort Zone Check-In\u003c/a>, use a patient's mobile phone to track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36750\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 508px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-36750\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-508x600.jpg\" alt=\"The SmartSole device and charger.\" width=\"508\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-508x600.jpg 508w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-400x473.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-998x1180.jpg 998w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-1180x1395.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-960x1135.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product.jpg 1215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SmartSole device and charger. \u003ccite>(SmartSole)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Caregivers are really eager for technologies that can help them,\" said \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Katherine L. Possin, a\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">ssistant professor of neuropsychology at the \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\">UCSF Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a>. \"Honestly, the technology industry can't build them fast enough.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF is currently involved with a \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/research/supportive-trials/careecosystem\">trial of its own\u003c/a> to determine how to use technologies to support dementia care. The project is funded for a three-year period by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possin says most caregivers she encounters have had at least once incident where a patient with dementia wandered off. Oftentimes, if the patient isn't wearing a GPS tracker, the local police will be needed to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it's early days for GPS-tracking technologies. The SmartSole needs to be charged as frequently as a smartphone or tablet device. And it isn't waterproof, so it may stop working if it rains or the wearer steps in a puddle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possin points to many limitations with alternative products, particularly those that rely on patients wearing a piece of \"smart\" jewelry or carrying a mobile phone with them at all times. Patients who wander will frequently leave such items at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she sees a lot of potential in a \"smartwatch,\" since many patients are used to the feeling of wearing a watch. Unfortunately, most smartwatches today, including the Apple Watch, don't have GPS and are not designed to be used independently of the smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, she considers the SmartSole as among the best options on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people with dementia rely on what's familiar,\" explained \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Jennifer Merrilees, a clinical nurse specialist who works with Possin at the UCSF Memory and Aging Center. And what could be more familiar than a well-worn pair of shoes? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciancaglini says the benefit to SmartSole over alternative solutions is that he doesn't realize that he's wearing it and is therefore far less likely to remove it when he's wandering. Also, he'll leave a wristwatch and phone at home, but he rarely walks out of the house without his shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm confident that if I did wander around without my shoes, someone would alert my wife.\" he said. \"That's a red flag.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like most patients with dementia, Ray Ciancaglini has good days and bad days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his worst days, Ciancaglini, a retired boxer, might wander off in the dead of winter from his home in Finger Lakes, New York, without notifying his wife Patty. Occasionally, he'll walk for miles and forget his home address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six out of ten people with dementia will wander, \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/care/alzheimers-dementia-wandering.asp\">according to the Alzheimer's Association.\u003c/a> The Association found that about 50 percent of people who wander will suffer serious injury or death if they are not found within 24 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciancaglini recently started wearing new GPS-tracking shoe inserts called \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpssmartsole.com/\">SmartSole\u003c/a>, which fit inside his favorite pair of shoes. The insoles connect to a website and mobile app that his wife can access at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"My wife doesn't have to worry that I'll wander off and she can't find me if we're in a crowded mall or on a hike. It alleviates a lot of pressure.\"\u003ccite>Ray Ciancaglini\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Using the SmartSole system, Ciancaglini's wife, Patty, sets a perimeter and receives an alert if her husband strays outside that area. She can also track his movements in real time on a map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife doesn't have to worry that I'll wander off and she can't find me if we're in a crowded mall or on a hike,\" he said. \"It alleviates a lot of pressure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSole hit the market in January and has sold about 1,500 units, according to Patrick Bertagna from \u003ca href=\"http://gtxcorp.com/\">GTX Corp\u003c/a>, the company that developed the device. Bertagna came up with the idea about a decade ago after hearing about a little girl who was abducted. He wondered what would happen if parents could put tracking devices into kids' shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/04/20/using-technology-to-help-in-dementia-care/\">scope of the problem\u003c/a> for people with memory disorders, Bergagna later shifted his focus to helping them. \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/facts/\">More than five million\u003c/a> Americans suffer from Alzheimer's Disease. The Alzheimer's Association estimates that by 2025, that number will have jumped to seven million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SmartSole is just one in a slew of recent technologies that aim to give peace of mind to those who care for people who suffer from dementia, whether it's caused by Alzheimer's Disease, sports-related traumatic brain injuries, aging or other influences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology companies have adopted a wide range of approaches to track patients. A fifteen-year-old recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/press_releases/sciam-award-2014.html\">won a Scientific American \u003c/a>award for his \"smart sock\" that detects an increase in the wearer's foot pressure when they get out of bed. A company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.bluewatersecurityprofessionals.com/elderlytracking.htm\">Bluewater Security \u003c/a>developed a wristwatch that tracks the movement of a person or car from a distance. And a handful of new technologies, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.comfortzonecheckin.com/default.aspx\">Comfort Zone Check-In\u003c/a>, use a patient's mobile phone to track their movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36750\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 508px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-36750\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-508x600.jpg\" alt=\"The SmartSole device and charger.\" width=\"508\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-508x600.jpg 508w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-400x473.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-998x1180.jpg 998w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-1180x1395.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product-960x1135.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/SmartSole-Product.jpg 1215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 508px) 100vw, 508px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SmartSole device and charger. \u003ccite>(SmartSole)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Caregivers are really eager for technologies that can help them,\" said \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Katherine L. Possin, a\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">ssistant professor of neuropsychology at the \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\">UCSF Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a>. \"Honestly, the technology industry can't build them fast enough.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF is currently involved with a \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/research/supportive-trials/careecosystem\">trial of its own\u003c/a> to determine how to use technologies to support dementia care. The project is funded for a three-year period by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possin says most caregivers she encounters have had at least once incident where a patient with dementia wandered off. Oftentimes, if the patient isn't wearing a GPS tracker, the local police will be needed to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it's early days for GPS-tracking technologies. The SmartSole needs to be charged as frequently as a smartphone or tablet device. And it isn't waterproof, so it may stop working if it rains or the wearer steps in a puddle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Possin points to many limitations with alternative products, particularly those that rely on patients wearing a piece of \"smart\" jewelry or carrying a mobile phone with them at all times. Patients who wander will frequently leave such items at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she sees a lot of potential in a \"smartwatch,\" since many patients are used to the feeling of wearing a watch. Unfortunately, most smartwatches today, including the Apple Watch, don't have GPS and are not designed to be used independently of the smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, she considers the SmartSole as among the best options on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people with dementia rely on what's familiar,\" explained \u003cspan class=\"s1\">Jennifer Merrilees, a clinical nurse specialist who works with Possin at the UCSF Memory and Aging Center. And what could be more familiar than a well-worn pair of shoes? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ciancaglini says the benefit to SmartSole over alternative solutions is that he doesn't realize that he's wearing it and is therefore far less likely to remove it when he's wandering. Also, he'll leave a wristwatch and phone at home, but he rarely walks out of the house without his shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm confident that if I did wander around without my shoes, someone would alert my wife.\" he said. \"That's a red flag.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Q&A: Got Sleep Troubles? Here's How Technology Can Help",
"title": "Q&A: Got Sleep Troubles? Here's How Technology Can Help",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The alarm starts ringing as you're in the midst of deep sleep. Your limbs feel like lead, eyelids are glued shut, and even basic communication isn't feasible until that first cup of coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've probably all experienced that feeling, of being abruptly woken up when we really want to be asleep. Now, a handful of technology companies are developing sophisticated wearable devices that are capable of detecting when you're in\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a lighter stage and waking you then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep-tracking technology has made major strides in the past five years, although it's still in its early days. Some wearable-makers that offer sleep tracking are aiming to target the 70 million Americans with chronic sleep problems, including insomnia and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/13/this-pod-sized-device-helps-stop-childrens-night-terrors/\">night terrors\u003c/a>, while others are focused on helping people optimize their slumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34530\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34530\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Matthew Diamond speaking at the Smart Nation conference on the topic of wearable technology.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-960x600.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Diamond, speaking at the Smart Nation conference on the topic of wearable technology. \u003ccite>(Matthew Diamond)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To find out what will be possible in the near future, KQED sat down with Dr. Matthew Diamond, a San Francisco sports medicine physician, member of the National Sleep Foundation's \u003ca href=\"http://ww.sleeptechnology.org\">Sleep Technology Council \u003c/a>and the medical director at Misfit. This interview with Diamond has been condensed and edited for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As a sports medicine doctor, why are you so interested in wearables and sleep tracking?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's really important to me to understand how people are sleeping, especially if they have neck pain or back pain. During sleep, the body produces a hormone that is essential to the healing of muscles and joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have doctors like yourself historically measured sleep -- and what's possible now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the sleep study involved going into a sleep lab and hooking a patient up to 50 different wires. It's a very artificial environment, but that's the standard in understanding how we sleep. Now, a device from a consumer technology company like \u003ca href=\"https://jawbone.com/\">Jawbone\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://misfit.com/?locale=en\">Misfit\u003c/a> can give you pretty reliable information without the hassle. These devices contain sophisticated sensors and can be worn on the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Some devices contain sensors that also measure heart rate, which can allow for even more accurate understanding of your sleep.\" \u003ccite>Matthew Diamond, medical director at Misfit. \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do these consumer devices track sleep? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most commonly-used sensor that you'll find in these devices is an accelerometer, which measures movement. This may seem basic but it's valuable as our body transitions through different stages of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A normal night of sleep is actually quite a journey that takes us from light sleep to medium sleep to deep sleep and then back to lighter sleep -- and this happens in cycles that last from 90 minutes to two hours. Each stage is associated with a movement pattern. Everything should slow down in the deeper stage, when blood pressure gets lower and our movement diminishes. The sensors in these devices can pick up on this and help us understand how restless the sleep is overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aside from movement-tracking, are there other sophisticated methods to track sleep? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some devices contain sensors that also measure heart rate, which can allow for even more accurate understanding of your sleep. Another fascinating technology called \"BCG,\" which stands for ballistocardiogram, picks up on vibrations created by the pulsing of the heart. This was a method used by cardiologists before the invention of more sophisticated technologies like the ultrasound. Using similar technology, sensors in the bed can pick up on the force created by the vibration of each heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the best available methods to measure your sleep?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can wear a tracker on the wrist, but the downside is that these devices are energy hungry. The Apple Watch, for instance, is not ideal for sleep-tracking as most people charge it overnight. There are also the sensors that can be placed in the bed from companies like Withings and Misfit. It is a thin ribbon sensor that you can put on a mattress -- it can detect the movement of the heart and your breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34534\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-34534\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine.jpg\" alt=\"Wearable trackers like the MIsfit Shine can track your sleep. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearables such as the jewel-like Misfit Shine can track your sleep. \u003ccite>(Misfit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who should track their sleep: Athletes, people with sleep troubles or just about anyone?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are an active person, it's worth putting on an activity tracker even just for a week. You might notice, for instance, that at the end of the day you are only 20 percent towards your activity goal because you've been holed up in the office. The same is true for sleep tracking. It's easy to fool yourself that you're sleeping fine if you're not paying attention. Sometimes if you're feeling a bit off, it can be tough to attribute that to poor quality sleep without the objective data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When will we be able to use these sensors to wake up at the optimal time? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the more advanced digital sleep sensors it's possible today to set a smart alarm to wake you in the lighter stages of sleep rather than the deeper stages. This has the benefit of making you feel less groggy in the immediate period after awakening. But I would caution against using a device to wake up too much earlier than you need to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will be possible in the next 3 to 5 years when it comes to sleep tracking? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're seeing the sensors and electronics becoming more energy efficient. They won't need to be charged as frequently. We're also seeing more sophisticated ways to analyze heart rate, including heart rate variability. If you see a lack of variability for a patient with heart disease, that might suggest that their nervous system isn't working correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, you can get information from sleep-tracking on whether someone is over-exerting themselves. We'll be able to tell with some confidence whether a person is over-training and exercising too much. If you set unrealistic goals for activity levels, deep sleep will be diminished and interrupted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, we see professional athletes wearing chest straps overnight to get this data, but that's very cumbersome and may interfere with sleep. My hope is that alternative methods will be easier to use and less expensive in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Sleep-tracking has made major strides in the past five years, although it's still in the early days. We sat down with sleep expert Dr. Matthew Diamond to find out what will be possible in the future. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The alarm starts ringing as you're in the midst of deep sleep. Your limbs feel like lead, eyelids are glued shut, and even basic communication isn't feasible until that first cup of coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've probably all experienced that feeling, of being abruptly woken up when we really want to be asleep. Now, a handful of technology companies are developing sophisticated wearable devices that are capable of detecting when you're in\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a lighter stage and waking you then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep-tracking technology has made major strides in the past five years, although it's still in its early days. Some wearable-makers that offer sleep tracking are aiming to target the 70 million Americans with chronic sleep problems, including insomnia and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/13/this-pod-sized-device-helps-stop-childrens-night-terrors/\">night terrors\u003c/a>, while others are focused on helping people optimize their slumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34530\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34530\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Matthew Diamond speaking at the Smart Nation conference on the topic of wearable technology.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond-960x600.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/diamond.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matthew Diamond, speaking at the Smart Nation conference on the topic of wearable technology. \u003ccite>(Matthew Diamond)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To find out what will be possible in the near future, KQED sat down with Dr. Matthew Diamond, a San Francisco sports medicine physician, member of the National Sleep Foundation's \u003ca href=\"http://ww.sleeptechnology.org\">Sleep Technology Council \u003c/a>and the medical director at Misfit. This interview with Diamond has been condensed and edited for brevity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As a sports medicine doctor, why are you so interested in wearables and sleep tracking?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's really important to me to understand how people are sleeping, especially if they have neck pain or back pain. During sleep, the body produces a hormone that is essential to the healing of muscles and joints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How have doctors like yourself historically measured sleep -- and what's possible now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the sleep study involved going into a sleep lab and hooking a patient up to 50 different wires. It's a very artificial environment, but that's the standard in understanding how we sleep. Now, a device from a consumer technology company like \u003ca href=\"https://jawbone.com/\">Jawbone\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://misfit.com/?locale=en\">Misfit\u003c/a> can give you pretty reliable information without the hassle. These devices contain sophisticated sensors and can be worn on the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Some devices contain sensors that also measure heart rate, which can allow for even more accurate understanding of your sleep.\" \u003ccite>Matthew Diamond, medical director at Misfit. \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do these consumer devices track sleep? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most commonly-used sensor that you'll find in these devices is an accelerometer, which measures movement. This may seem basic but it's valuable as our body transitions through different stages of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A normal night of sleep is actually quite a journey that takes us from light sleep to medium sleep to deep sleep and then back to lighter sleep -- and this happens in cycles that last from 90 minutes to two hours. Each stage is associated with a movement pattern. Everything should slow down in the deeper stage, when blood pressure gets lower and our movement diminishes. The sensors in these devices can pick up on this and help us understand how restless the sleep is overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aside from movement-tracking, are there other sophisticated methods to track sleep? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some devices contain sensors that also measure heart rate, which can allow for even more accurate understanding of your sleep. Another fascinating technology called \"BCG,\" which stands for ballistocardiogram, picks up on vibrations created by the pulsing of the heart. This was a method used by cardiologists before the invention of more sophisticated technologies like the ultrasound. Using similar technology, sensors in the bed can pick up on the force created by the vibration of each heartbeat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the best available methods to measure your sleep?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can wear a tracker on the wrist, but the downside is that these devices are energy hungry. The Apple Watch, for instance, is not ideal for sleep-tracking as most people charge it overnight. There are also the sensors that can be placed in the bed from companies like Withings and Misfit. It is a thin ribbon sensor that you can put on a mattress -- it can detect the movement of the heart and your breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34534\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-34534\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine.jpg\" alt=\"Wearable trackers like the MIsfit Shine can track your sleep. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/jet-shine-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearables such as the jewel-like Misfit Shine can track your sleep. \u003ccite>(Misfit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who should track their sleep: Athletes, people with sleep troubles or just about anyone?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are an active person, it's worth putting on an activity tracker even just for a week. You might notice, for instance, that at the end of the day you are only 20 percent towards your activity goal because you've been holed up in the office. The same is true for sleep tracking. It's easy to fool yourself that you're sleeping fine if you're not paying attention. Sometimes if you're feeling a bit off, it can be tough to attribute that to poor quality sleep without the objective data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When will we be able to use these sensors to wake up at the optimal time? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the more advanced digital sleep sensors it's possible today to set a smart alarm to wake you in the lighter stages of sleep rather than the deeper stages. This has the benefit of making you feel less groggy in the immediate period after awakening. But I would caution against using a device to wake up too much earlier than you need to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What will be possible in the next 3 to 5 years when it comes to sleep tracking? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're seeing the sensors and electronics becoming more energy efficient. They won't need to be charged as frequently. We're also seeing more sophisticated ways to analyze heart rate, including heart rate variability. If you see a lack of variability for a patient with heart disease, that might suggest that their nervous system isn't working correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, you can get information from sleep-tracking on whether someone is over-exerting themselves. We'll be able to tell with some confidence whether a person is over-training and exercising too much. If you set unrealistic goals for activity levels, deep sleep will be diminished and interrupted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, we see professional athletes wearing chest straps overnight to get this data, but that's very cumbersome and may interfere with sleep. My hope is that alternative methods will be easier to use and less expensive in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Siblings Most Common Cause of Whooping Cough Infection for Infants",
"title": "Siblings Most Common Cause of Whooping Cough Infection for Infants",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Over the past decade, whooping cough has proven increasingly difficult to control. Over \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts.html\" target=\"_blank\">48,000 Americans\u003c/a> caught the highly contagious bacterial disease in 2012, the most since 1955. And California experienced two epidemics that killed 13 babies in 2010 and 2014, when a total of 20,000 cases were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal contributed \u003c/a>to the 2010 epidemic, health officials now face an even bigger problem: protection afforded by the whooping cough vaccine doesn’t last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html\" target=\"_blank\">should get five doses\u003c/a> of the DTaP vaccine by age six, starting at two months, health experts say. While the vaccine is very effective in the short-term, protection begins to fade after the fifth dose, so kids need a booster when they turn 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, as evidence of the vaccine’s waning protection mounts, more and more vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html\" target=\"_blank\">children and adolescents\u003c/a> are getting whooping cough, also known as pertussis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a study shows, these older children and adolescents have become the most common source of infection for their baby sisters and brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors can identify a source of infection about half the time, the study, published Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org\" target=\"_blank\">Pediatrics\u003c/a>, shows that siblings –- as young as four and a half and as old as nine –- transmitted the disease in over 35 percent of cases with mothers responsible for infecting their babies in about 20 percent of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, mothers were the most common source of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough causes acute spasms of coughing, which are typically followed by high-pitched “\u003ca href=\"https://www.soundsofpertussis.com/\">whoops\u003c/a>” in the struggle to breathe. Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, face the greatest risk of severe illness and death from pertussis, as the deadly parasite overwhelms their still developing lungs. About half of infected babies must be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, health officials have recommended that all pregnant women get a Tdap shot, says Tami Skoff, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Ez6lEliEAFWNE0XyinS8LGHEoqOaWp9H\"]“By vaccinating during pregnancy,” Skoff explains, “the mother passes protective antibodies to her baby that protect the baby against pertussis during the first few critical months of life, before the infant begins their own pertussis immunization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/whooping-cough-vaccination-pregnant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Early studies\u003c/a> in the United Kingdom show that vaccinating during pregnancy is a highly effective strategy to protect infants, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the UK program was introduced in 2012, babies whose mothers were vaccinated against pertussis at least a week before birth had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60686-3/abstract\">91 percent lower risk \u003c/a>of contracting the disease than babies whose mothers did not get a shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the shift in disease transmission from mothers to siblings, should recommendations for a booster be shifted younger than the current age of 11, if mom is expecting a baby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not a trivial decision, says Art Reingold, a UC Berkeley professor of public health. “Given what we know about the fairly rapid decline in vaccine-induced protection, one would want to at least model the likely effects of shifting the age for a booster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, because protection from the vaccine starts to fade from about 98 percent effectiveness to about 70 percent five years later, changing the timing of the booster could simply shift the burden of disease to other age groups, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective strategy is to get all pregnant women vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/discond/pages/pertussis.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">during the third trimester\u003c/a> to protect babies for the first months of life, when pertussis is most likely to cause severe, life-threatening illness, says Reingold. The next most important thing to do, he says, is to make sure young children get all their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an unknown source of infection for about 50 percent of cases, it’s still important for anyone who spends time with infants to be up to date on their pertussis vaccinations. Not just children, but all adults, too, including grandparents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This “\u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780027_2\" target=\"_blank\">cocooning\u003c/a>” strategy has been recommended since the Tdap booster was introduced in 2005. But it’s proven difficult to implement, says Reingold, in part because many adults are not inclined to get vaccinated. But even if they were, it might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current “acellular” vaccine, which contains fragments of the parasite, was introduced in the late 1990s to replace the whole cell version. The whole cell vaccine afforded longer lasting protection but also caused more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pertussis, the disease is caused by toxins that are released by bacteria. The pertussis vaccine protects you against those toxins, but may not prevent you from spreading the bacteria to others — and causing illness in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, California has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis%2520report%25208-3-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more pertussis cases\u003c/a>, excluding the two recent epidemics, than in any year since the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts would love to develop a new vaccine that is not only safe but also affords protection over the long haul. But the incentives for manufacturers to invest substantial sums in the needed research and trials are extremely limited, says Reingold. “I don’t expect a new vaccine to provide us an alternative solution in the foreseeable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, he says, nothing offers better protection to an unvaccinated baby than being born to a recently-vaccinated mother.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the past decade, whooping cough has proven increasingly difficult to control. Over \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/fast-facts.html\" target=\"_blank\">48,000 Americans\u003c/a> caught the highly contagious bacterial disease in 2012, the most since 1955. And California experienced two epidemics that killed 13 babies in 2010 and 2014, when a total of 20,000 cases were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although researchers found that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine refusal contributed \u003c/a>to the 2010 epidemic, health officials now face an even bigger problem: protection afforded by the whooping cough vaccine doesn’t last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/dtap.html\" target=\"_blank\">should get five doses\u003c/a> of the DTaP vaccine by age six, starting at two months, health experts say. While the vaccine is very effective in the short-term, protection begins to fade after the fifth dose, so kids need a booster when they turn 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, as evidence of the vaccine’s waning protection mounts, more and more vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/surv-reporting.html\" target=\"_blank\">children and adolescents\u003c/a> are getting whooping cough, also known as pertussis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a study shows, these older children and adolescents have become the most common source of infection for their baby sisters and brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors can identify a source of infection about half the time, the study, published Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org\" target=\"_blank\">Pediatrics\u003c/a>, shows that siblings –- as young as four and a half and as old as nine –- transmitted the disease in over 35 percent of cases with mothers responsible for infecting their babies in about 20 percent of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, mothers were the most common source of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whooping cough causes acute spasms of coughing, which are typically followed by high-pitched “\u003ca href=\"https://www.soundsofpertussis.com/\">whoops\u003c/a>” in the struggle to breathe. Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, face the greatest risk of severe illness and death from pertussis, as the deadly parasite overwhelms their still developing lungs. About half of infected babies must be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, health officials have recommended that all pregnant women get a Tdap shot, says Tami Skoff, an epidemiologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“By vaccinating during pregnancy,” Skoff explains, “the mother passes protective antibodies to her baby that protect the baby against pertussis during the first few critical months of life, before the infant begins their own pertussis immunization.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/pages/whooping-cough-vaccination-pregnant.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Early studies\u003c/a> in the United Kingdom show that vaccinating during pregnancy is a highly effective strategy to protect infants, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the UK program was introduced in 2012, babies whose mothers were vaccinated against pertussis at least a week before birth had a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60686-3/abstract\">91 percent lower risk \u003c/a>of contracting the disease than babies whose mothers did not get a shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the shift in disease transmission from mothers to siblings, should recommendations for a booster be shifted younger than the current age of 11, if mom is expecting a baby?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not a trivial decision, says Art Reingold, a UC Berkeley professor of public health. “Given what we know about the fairly rapid decline in vaccine-induced protection, one would want to at least model the likely effects of shifting the age for a booster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, because protection from the vaccine starts to fade from about 98 percent effectiveness to about 70 percent five years later, changing the timing of the booster could simply shift the burden of disease to other age groups, says Skoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective strategy is to get all pregnant women vaccinated \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/healthinfo/discond/pages/pertussis.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">during the third trimester\u003c/a> to protect babies for the first months of life, when pertussis is most likely to cause severe, life-threatening illness, says Reingold. The next most important thing to do, he says, is to make sure young children get all their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an unknown source of infection for about 50 percent of cases, it’s still important for anyone who spends time with infants to be up to date on their pertussis vaccinations. Not just children, but all adults, too, including grandparents and caregivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This “\u003ca href=\"http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780027_2\" target=\"_blank\">cocooning\u003c/a>” strategy has been recommended since the Tdap booster was introduced in 2005. But it’s proven difficult to implement, says Reingold, in part because many adults are not inclined to get vaccinated. But even if they were, it might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current “acellular” vaccine, which contains fragments of the parasite, was introduced in the late 1990s to replace the whole cell version. The whole cell vaccine afforded longer lasting protection but also caused more side effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In pertussis, the disease is caused by toxins that are released by bacteria. The pertussis vaccine protects you against those toxins, but may not prevent you from spreading the bacteria to others — and causing illness in them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, California has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/Pertussis%2520report%25208-3-2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">more pertussis cases\u003c/a>, excluding the two recent epidemics, than in any year since the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts would love to develop a new vaccine that is not only safe but also affords protection over the long haul. But the incentives for manufacturers to invest substantial sums in the needed research and trials are extremely limited, says Reingold. “I don’t expect a new vaccine to provide us an alternative solution in the foreseeable future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until then, he says, nothing offers better protection to an unvaccinated baby than being born to a recently-vaccinated mother.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "For California, Last Year's West Nile Season Was Worst Ever",
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"content": "\u003cp>West Nile virus hit California harder than ever last year, with a record 561 cases of neuroinvasive disease -- the most serious types of the illness -- reported from the mosquito-borne virus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_e\" target=\"_blank\">federal health data\u003c/a> released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of these serious \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/3-west-nile-virus-cases-reported-to-cdc-by-state_1999-2014_06082015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California cases\u003c/a> was 83 percent higher than the previous record number reported in the state in 2005, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those cases — 70 percent — were reported from Los Angeles and Orange counties, which recorded 15 West Nile deaths last year. Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/wnv-disease-cases-and-pvds-by-state-2014_06052015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">31 people died\u003c/a> of West Nile disease in the state in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Py7dpEJu9iLPmYbglCz7y5U5zVy0PH9U\"]The West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes can become infected when they feed on birds carrying the virus. Most people infected will have no symptoms, but about one in five will develop a fever with other symptoms. Even fewer people will develop the serious neuroinvasive disease tracked by the CDC, including West Nile-caused meningitis and encephalitis, but most of them will require hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say there’s no single explanation for why some West Nile virus seasons are more severe than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, last year’s particularly warm summer temperatures, and changes in bird and mosquito populations all played a role in making the 2014 West Nile virus season one of the state’s worst, said Dr. Rachel Civen, medical epidemiologist in charge of vector-borne diseases for the Los Angeles County Public Health Department. The drought reduces water available for birds and mosquitoes, which then crowd together among remaining water sources, spreading the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civen noted that while the new CDC data focus on neuroinvasive cases, local public health agencies, including hers, report all West Nile virus infections, including people without symptoms whose infection is detected when they donate blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, “we’re actually seeing a lot fewer cases” this year, Civen said. This week, Los Angeles County will report 10 infections, six of which were detected in asymptomatic blood donors. Last year in the same week, 49 infections were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">83 human cases\u003c/a> of West Nile virus have been reported this year, according to the California Department of Public Health. Two people, from San Bernardino and Nevada counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/preliminarymapsdata/histatedate.html\" target=\"_blank\">have died\u003c/a> from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7ZNnOH0LWnNIg6kjnLrZYtYgegGmsUKP\"]In Orange County, which had California’s highest number of infections in 2014, environmental health officials next week will start a large-scale aerial spraying campaign to control mosquitos. This will be the first aerial spraying campaign for the county, which in the past instead has “fogged” smaller areas with insecticide. The spraying campaign on Sept. 9 and 10 will cover the cities of Orange, Tustin and Villa Park, and parts of Anaheim, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, Santa Ana and Stanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, five people in Orange County had been infected with West Nile virus, according to the county’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and was first reported in California in 2002. By 2004, the virus was reported in all of the state’s 58 counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>West Nile virus hit California harder than ever last year, with a record 561 cases of neuroinvasive disease -- the most serious types of the illness -- reported from the mosquito-borne virus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_e\" target=\"_blank\">federal health data\u003c/a> released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of these serious \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/3-west-nile-virus-cases-reported-to-cdc-by-state_1999-2014_06082015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California cases\u003c/a> was 83 percent higher than the previous record number reported in the state in 2005, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those cases — 70 percent — were reported from Los Angeles and Orange counties, which recorded 15 West Nile deaths last year. Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/resources/pdfs/data/wnv-disease-cases-and-pvds-by-state-2014_06052015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">31 people died\u003c/a> of West Nile disease in the state in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"related\">\u003cfigcaption>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The West Nile virus is spread by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes can become infected when they feed on birds carrying the virus. Most people infected will have no symptoms, but about one in five will develop a fever with other symptoms. Even fewer people will develop the serious neuroinvasive disease tracked by the CDC, including West Nile-caused meningitis and encephalitis, but most of them will require hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts say there’s no single explanation for why some West Nile virus seasons are more severe than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, last year’s particularly warm summer temperatures, and changes in bird and mosquito populations all played a role in making the 2014 West Nile virus season one of the state’s worst, said Dr. Rachel Civen, medical epidemiologist in charge of vector-borne diseases for the Los Angeles County Public Health Department. The drought reduces water available for birds and mosquitoes, which then crowd together among remaining water sources, spreading the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civen noted that while the new CDC data focus on neuroinvasive cases, local public health agencies, including hers, report all West Nile virus infections, including people without symptoms whose infection is detected when they donate blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, “we’re actually seeing a lot fewer cases” this year, Civen said. This week, Los Angeles County will report 10 infections, six of which were detected in asymptomatic blood donors. Last year in the same week, 49 infections were reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.westnile.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">83 human cases\u003c/a> of West Nile virus have been reported this year, according to the California Department of Public Health. Two people, from San Bernardino and Nevada counties, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/preliminarymapsdata/histatedate.html\" target=\"_blank\">have died\u003c/a> from the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In Orange County, which had California’s highest number of infections in 2014, environmental health officials next week will start a large-scale aerial spraying campaign to control mosquitos. This will be the first aerial spraying campaign for the county, which in the past instead has “fogged” smaller areas with insecticide. The spraying campaign on Sept. 9 and 10 will cover the cities of Orange, Tustin and Villa Park, and parts of Anaheim, Fountain Valley, Garden Grove, Santa Ana and Stanton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of last week, five people in Orange County had been infected with West Nile virus, according to the county’s public health department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile virus emerged in the United States in 1999 and was first reported in California in 2002. By 2004, the virus was reported in all of the state’s 58 counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Millions of people with diabetes prick their finger more than five times a day to monitor their blood glucose levels. And that's a painful and expensive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Google's Life Sciences division is putting its immense resources behind new initiatives aimed at helping them better live with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar,\" said Jacquelyn Miller, a Google Life Sciences spokeswoman, in an interview with KQED. \"We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week the new Google Life Sciences unit announced that diabetes is the company's first major disease target. It may come as a surprise that Google, a company that helps people search online for flights and restaurants, and dabbles in other ventures like self-driving cars, is investing in new therapies to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area Chapter at the American Diabetes Association, Google's decision is a no brainer. It's a highly lucrative opportunity -- in 2012, the total cost of managing diabetes was $245 billion in the U.S. alone -- and the timing is just right for technology companies to enter the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been an explosion of wearables, data and analytics,\" he said. \"People with diabetes are more comfortable living in a measured world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chae envisions a future where people with diabetes can measure their blood glucose levels on a continuous basis, using painless methods. One of Google's emerging products is a contact lens embedded with a glitter-sized sensor that can measure glucose levels in tears. \"There's a whole lot of innovation at once,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Didn't Feel Like a Normal Human Being'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methods that Cyrus Khambatta uses to manage his Type 1 diabetes haven't changed much in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khambatta, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mangomannutrition.com\">a nutritionist\u003c/a> based in San Francisco was diagnosed with the disease at the age of 22. Each day, he pricks his finger between six and 10 times. He uses a lancet to draw a little blood, which he adds to a test strip, and feeds the strip into a glucose meter to check his blood sugar levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before meals and exercise, he injects himself with a syringe filled with insulin. He dials up the amount of insulin based on the data from the glucose meter. The insulin required at any given time is related to many factors, including stress, sleep, exercise and diet, Khambatta explained, and involves a high attention to detail combined with some degree of guesswork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unlike a migraine or acne, diabetes management is all about developing an understanding and manipulation of numbers over time,\" he said. \"Diabetes is very quantitative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed.jpg 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \u003ccite>(Cyrus Khambatta )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khambatta describes his style for managing disease as \"old school\" compared to some of his peers. Many other diabetes sufferers use more modern alternatives for glucose monitoring, such as a patch with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dexcom.com/continuous-glucose-monitoring\">tiny needle-based sensors under the skin\u003c/a>, which connects to a transmitter and an insulin pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Khambatta, these options still require a good deal of effort, as the sensor needs to be changed every two to three days, and they serve as a constant visual reminder of his condition. When he tried them, he said: \"I didn't feel like a normal human being.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the near future, he said he also hopes that companies will develop non-invasive, continuous glucose monitoring, which wouldn't draw blood or cause pain or trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the holy grail,\" said Cameron Sepah, medical director from \u003ca href=\"https://omadahealth.com/\">Omada Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that focuses on technology for diabetes prevention. Sepah said such a sophisticated blood sugar-tracking system could be paired with a device that delivers insulin, and thus act as an \"artificial pancreas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health companies have been working on this for years,\" he said. \"But Google has a history of taking on very ambitious projects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Google? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google made a name for itself with search technology, but it has dabbled in more ambitious \"moonshot\" projects from self-driving cars to stratospheric Internet balloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The life sciences' team, which initially worked with Google's secretive research arm Google X, spun out from the Google search engine business in August. Both entities will be held under an umbrella organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/10/google-alphabet-parent-company\">called Alphabet. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar. We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Jacquelyn Miller, spokesperson for Google Life Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The life sciences unit is led by molecular biologist Andy Conrad, who has helped the company secure partnerships with top drug makers and medical device companies. Conrad seems to be taking a different tack than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/electronic-health-records/5-reasons-why-google-health-failed/d/d-id/1098623?\">the ill-fated \"Google Health\u003c/a>\" team, which offered a personal health record product and closed in 2011 because of a lack of traction, by seeking the input and assistance of more established players in the medical sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Life Sciences earlier this week announced a partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanofi.us/l/us/en/index.jsp\">Sanofi\u003c/a>, maker of an insulin inhaler and a slew of other products for people with diabetes. It is also working with \u003ca href=\"http://www.jnj.com/\">Johnson & Johnson \u003c/a>on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/robotics-surgeons-google-jandj\">surgical robots\u003c/a>; Novartis and Dexcom on \u003ca href=\"https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-license-google-smart-lens-technology\">diabetes-related projects\u003c/a>, and Biogen on\u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-27/google-biogen-seek-reasons-for-advance-of-multiple-sclerosis\"> potential treatments for multiple sclerosis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the diabetes opportunity appears to be the primary focus. Data and analytics is Google's area of expertise, and as Miller puts it, diabetes management is fundamentally an \"information problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients with diabetes lack clear information about how variables like nutrition and exercise affect their blood sugar levels, she said. And these kind of insights could help them adjust their insulin levels and avoid serious outcomes, like stroke, heart disease and hypoglycemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't expect any of the products from the Life Sciences team to hit the market next week. Given the technical challenges and the regulatory requirements, experts say, it could take years before any new device reaches patients.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"It's really hard for people [with diabetes] to manage their blood sugar,\" Google told KQED. \"We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Millions of people with diabetes prick their finger more than five times a day to monitor their blood glucose levels. And that's a painful and expensive process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Google's Life Sciences division is putting its immense resources behind new initiatives aimed at helping them better live with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar,\" said Jacquelyn Miller, a Google Life Sciences spokeswoman, in an interview with KQED. \"We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week the new Google Life Sciences unit announced that diabetes is the company's first major disease target. It may come as a surprise that Google, a company that helps people search online for flights and restaurants, and dabbles in other ventures like self-driving cars, is investing in new therapies to treat disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Michael Chae, executive director of the Bay Area Chapter at the American Diabetes Association, Google's decision is a no brainer. It's a highly lucrative opportunity -- in 2012, the total cost of managing diabetes was $245 billion in the U.S. alone -- and the timing is just right for technology companies to enter the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been an explosion of wearables, data and analytics,\" he said. \"People with diabetes are more comfortable living in a measured world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chae envisions a future where people with diabetes can measure their blood glucose levels on a continuous basis, using painless methods. One of Google's emerging products is a contact lens embedded with a glitter-sized sensor that can measure glucose levels in tears. \"There's a whole lot of innovation at once,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Didn't Feel Like a Normal Human Being'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methods that Cyrus Khambatta uses to manage his Type 1 diabetes haven't changed much in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khambatta, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mangomannutrition.com\">a nutritionist\u003c/a> based in San Francisco was diagnosed with the disease at the age of 22. Each day, he pricks his finger between six and 10 times. He uses a lancet to draw a little blood, which he adds to a test strip, and feeds the strip into a glucose meter to check his blood sugar levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before meals and exercise, he injects himself with a syringe filled with insulin. He dials up the amount of insulin based on the data from the glucose meter. The insulin required at any given time is related to many factors, including stress, sleep, exercise and diet, Khambatta explained, and involves a high attention to detail combined with some degree of guesswork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unlike a migraine or acne, diabetes management is all about developing an understanding and manipulation of numbers over time,\" he said. \"Diabetes is very quantitative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-34870\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/09/unnamed.jpg 1046w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khambatta regulates his insulin levels with a glucose meter, syringe and lancet. \u003ccite>(Cyrus Khambatta )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khambatta describes his style for managing disease as \"old school\" compared to some of his peers. Many other diabetes sufferers use more modern alternatives for glucose monitoring, such as a patch with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dexcom.com/continuous-glucose-monitoring\">tiny needle-based sensors under the skin\u003c/a>, which connects to a transmitter and an insulin pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Khambatta, these options still require a good deal of effort, as the sensor needs to be changed every two to three days, and they serve as a constant visual reminder of his condition. When he tried them, he said: \"I didn't feel like a normal human being.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the near future, he said he also hopes that companies will develop non-invasive, continuous glucose monitoring, which wouldn't draw blood or cause pain or trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's the holy grail,\" said Cameron Sepah, medical director from \u003ca href=\"https://omadahealth.com/\">Omada Health\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that focuses on technology for diabetes prevention. Sepah said such a sophisticated blood sugar-tracking system could be paired with a device that delivers insulin, and thus act as an \"artificial pancreas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health companies have been working on this for years,\" he said. \"But Google has a history of taking on very ambitious projects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Google? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google made a name for itself with search technology, but it has dabbled in more ambitious \"moonshot\" projects from self-driving cars to stratospheric Internet balloons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The life sciences' team, which initially worked with Google's secretive research arm Google X, spun out from the Google search engine business in August. Both entities will be held under an umbrella organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/10/google-alphabet-parent-company\">called Alphabet. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's really hard for people to manage their blood sugar. We're hoping to take some of the guesswork out of it.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Jacquelyn Miller, spokesperson for Google Life Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The life sciences unit is led by molecular biologist Andy Conrad, who has helped the company secure partnerships with top drug makers and medical device companies. Conrad seems to be taking a different tack than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/healthcare/electronic-health-records/5-reasons-why-google-health-failed/d/d-id/1098623?\">the ill-fated \"Google Health\u003c/a>\" team, which offered a personal health record product and closed in 2011 because of a lack of traction, by seeking the input and assistance of more established players in the medical sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Life Sciences earlier this week announced a partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanofi.us/l/us/en/index.jsp\">Sanofi\u003c/a>, maker of an insulin inhaler and a slew of other products for people with diabetes. It is also working with \u003ca href=\"http://www.jnj.com/\">Johnson & Johnson \u003c/a>on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/robotics-surgeons-google-jandj\">surgical robots\u003c/a>; Novartis and Dexcom on \u003ca href=\"https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-license-google-smart-lens-technology\">diabetes-related projects\u003c/a>, and Biogen on\u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-01-27/google-biogen-seek-reasons-for-advance-of-multiple-sclerosis\"> potential treatments for multiple sclerosis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the diabetes opportunity appears to be the primary focus. Data and analytics is Google's area of expertise, and as Miller puts it, diabetes management is fundamentally an \"information problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients with diabetes lack clear information about how variables like nutrition and exercise affect their blood sugar levels, she said. And these kind of insights could help them adjust their insulin levels and avoid serious outcomes, like stroke, heart disease and hypoglycemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't expect any of the products from the Life Sciences team to hit the market next week. Given the technical challenges and the regulatory requirements, experts say, it could take years before any new device reaches patients.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Are Statins Bad for Me? Personalized Medicine Can't Yet Say",
"title": "Are Statins Bad for Me? Personalized Medicine Can't Yet Say",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>About 25 to 30 percent of people prescribed statins dump them within a year. I flunked Lipitor after a few wretched months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statins are prescribed to lower cholesterol in people who show risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes, or who already have them. Side effects can include muscle weakness, diabetes onset and, rarely, permanent muscle damage. These risks are higher in women, with age, and with certain heart and blood pressure drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated with trial and error, I was ready to swap some DNA for some personalized insight. I sent a vial of spit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonheartdiagnostics.com/\">Boston Heart Diagnostics\u003c/a>, a Framingham, Mass., company that tests for statin tolerance using SLCO1B1, a gene that was associated with statin myopathy in studies at Oxford and Duke universities. The company currently only offers this test as a blood test through health care providers but, because I'm a science writer, offered to guide me directly through the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic tests are conducted using DNA fragments extracted from blood, cells or saliva, which are then copied and amplified to get enough material to test for the precise variant of interest. Then the results are analyzed and shared with the patient. Dr. Ernst Schaefer, the company's chief medical officer, would act as my health care provider to interpret the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boston Heart Diagnostics test identifies three genetic variants, called single nucleotide polymorphisms ,or SNPs, on the SLCO1B1 gene that are associated with how well one metabolizes statins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report I received the following week, I was among the 25 percent of people with one copy of the SLCO1B1 variant who metabolize statins like Lipitor or Zocor poorly. Meaning I am 4.5 times more likely to develop muscle myopathy than people without the gene. At least I wasn't among the 2 percent of the population who have both SLCO1B1 gene variants. Then I would be 17 times more likely to develop muscle weakness than the people without the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I called Schaefer for more detail. \"The variant is in the transporter that takes up statin in the liver, so people that have the variant have higher blood levels and the statin is more likely to go into muscle,\" he explained. \"Our test is not diagnostic, not confirmatory, just indicates a higher risk of getting a problem on a statin. What is diagnostic is how the patient feels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaefer recommended that instead of the high dose of Lipitor my doctor had prescribed, I consider a low dose of a different type of statin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Heart is initially targeting its test for people with genetic high cholesterol who are prescribed a PCSK9 inhibitor, a drug newly approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Injected monthly, PCSK9 inhibitors have fewer side effects than statins, but the first drug to hit the market costs over $14,000 a year, compared with $600 for a year's supply of atorvastatin, the generic name for Lipitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Heart has so far tested over 250,000 patients for statin intolerance but can't yet comment on its prevalence in specific ethnic groups. While this test is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it is reimbursed by some insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test costs $100. My health plan still considers prescribing generic drugs for low-risk patients like me on a trial-and-error basis to be cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers will start paying when genetic testing becomes the standard of care agreed upon by physician committees, said Dr. Julie Neidich, a geneticist and laboratory medical director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.pathway.com/\">Pathway Genomics\u003c/a> of San Diego, which also makes a genetic test panel that includes statin intolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could DNA tests like this be the vanguard of personalized medicine? A few months ago, President Obama announced a $215 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/01/30/382659919/obama-wants-funding-for-research-on-more-precise-health-care\">precision medicine initiative\u003c/a> to collect DNA records from 1 million volunteers to develop medical treatments tailored to individual genetic makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we aren't there yet,\" said Neidich. \"While humans have about 20,000 genes, only about 5,000 genes have been reported in the scientific literature to be associated with a disorder found in humans. We have no clue what the other ones do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four DNA-based drugs were just \u003ca href=\"https://personalizedmedicinecoalition.wordpress.com/2015/07/30/turning-a-corner-how-this-months-decisions-at-fda-inform-the-debate-on-drug-costs/\">approved\u003c/a> by the FDA, and in 2014, nine of the 41 FDA-approved medicines were \u003ca href=\"http://www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org/Userfiles/PMC-Corporate/file/2014-fda-approvals-personalized-medicine2.pdf\">personalized treatments\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of new genetically targeted drugs for chronic hepatitis C, where patients' response depends on the genotype of their infection, all these personalized drugs treat rare diseases and unusual forms of cancer, where disease is caused by one gene or a handful of genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health insurance companies are watching these developments like hawks. Indeed, the research arm of Kaiser Permanente, my health care plan, has been accumulating a genetic data bank to study complex conditions like heart disease and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far over 200,000 Kaiser Permanente members have contributed DNA samples to be analyzed along with their health records. This matters, because small effects are easier to detect over a large population, particularly in ethnic groups not well-represented in prior clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what can cardiac researchers conclude so far from these genetic data? \u003ca href=\"http://www.chori.org/Principal_Investigators/Krauss_Ronald/krauss_overview.html\">Dr. Ronald Krauss\u003c/a>, a lipid specialist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and the University of California, San Francisco, has been studying cholesterol metabolism for over 40 years and has been collaborating with the Kaiser study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krauss is concerned about the unseen effects of statin use over time. \"The focus on cholesterol and on relatively uncommon adverse effects of statins such as muscle damage and onset of diabetes could be the tip of the iceberg in terms of biological effects with clinical consequences for some individuals,\" Krauss said. \"These could be either negative or positive. In the lab, we see widespread effects of statins at the cellular and molecular level. Are subtle things happening that affect health over the long term?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike my single gene test for muscle weakness, predicting a risk or treatment response for complex conditions like heart disease involves sifting through a dog's breakfast of genetic variants of varying impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is not like \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/huntington-disease\">Huntington's disease\u003c/a>, where a single identifiable genetic variant can give you the disease,\" said Krauss. \"In complex conditions like heart disease, there are multiple genetic effects, but for the most part, each individual genetic trait has a modest effect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the complications don't stop there. Other factors that can affect a person's disease risk and response to treatment include gut bacteria, RNA, acquired DNA changes, lifestyle and environment. Parsing out the impacts of these variables will require massive computing power and gargantuan data storage capacity to deal with the flood of genetic information to be sequenced and interpreted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we have learned more about the biology of statin response, it is clear that this involves major regulatory networks, and this is big stuff,\" said Krauss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, time for another cholesterol test. Apparently I'm prone to high cholesterol, no matter how many vegetables I ingest. At least I can experiment with Schaefer's statin recommendations until the bioinformaticians surfing the precision medicine data deluge figure out the big stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wendywolfson.wordpress.com/\">Wendy Wolfson\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a science writer in Orange County, Calif.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Are+Statins+Bad+For+Me%3F+Personalized+Medicine+Can%27t+Yet+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Statins made her feel wretched, so she took a DNA test to find out why. But even the doctor with the genetic testing company admits that the test doesn't tell you much more than you already know.",
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"description": "Statins made her feel wretched, so she took a DNA test to find out why. But even the doctor with the genetic testing company admits that the test doesn't tell you much more than you already know.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About 25 to 30 percent of people prescribed statins dump them within a year. I flunked Lipitor after a few wretched months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statins are prescribed to lower cholesterol in people who show risk factors for cardiovascular disease or diabetes, or who already have them. Side effects can include muscle weakness, diabetes onset and, rarely, permanent muscle damage. These risks are higher in women, with age, and with certain heart and blood pressure drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frustrated with trial and error, I was ready to swap some DNA for some personalized insight. I sent a vial of spit to \u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonheartdiagnostics.com/\">Boston Heart Diagnostics\u003c/a>, a Framingham, Mass., company that tests for statin tolerance using SLCO1B1, a gene that was associated with statin myopathy in studies at Oxford and Duke universities. The company currently only offers this test as a blood test through health care providers but, because I'm a science writer, offered to guide me directly through the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic tests are conducted using DNA fragments extracted from blood, cells or saliva, which are then copied and amplified to get enough material to test for the precise variant of interest. Then the results are analyzed and shared with the patient. Dr. Ernst Schaefer, the company's chief medical officer, would act as my health care provider to interpret the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boston Heart Diagnostics test identifies three genetic variants, called single nucleotide polymorphisms ,or SNPs, on the SLCO1B1 gene that are associated with how well one metabolizes statins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report I received the following week, I was among the 25 percent of people with one copy of the SLCO1B1 variant who metabolize statins like Lipitor or Zocor poorly. Meaning I am 4.5 times more likely to develop muscle myopathy than people without the gene. At least I wasn't among the 2 percent of the population who have both SLCO1B1 gene variants. Then I would be 17 times more likely to develop muscle weakness than the people without the gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I called Schaefer for more detail. \"The variant is in the transporter that takes up statin in the liver, so people that have the variant have higher blood levels and the statin is more likely to go into muscle,\" he explained. \"Our test is not diagnostic, not confirmatory, just indicates a higher risk of getting a problem on a statin. What is diagnostic is how the patient feels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schaefer recommended that instead of the high dose of Lipitor my doctor had prescribed, I consider a low dose of a different type of statin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Heart is initially targeting its test for people with genetic high cholesterol who are prescribed a PCSK9 inhibitor, a drug newly approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Injected monthly, PCSK9 inhibitors have fewer side effects than statins, but the first drug to hit the market costs over $14,000 a year, compared with $600 for a year's supply of atorvastatin, the generic name for Lipitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Heart has so far tested over 250,000 patients for statin intolerance but can't yet comment on its prevalence in specific ethnic groups. While this test is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration, it is reimbursed by some insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test costs $100. My health plan still considers prescribing generic drugs for low-risk patients like me on a trial-and-error basis to be cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurers will start paying when genetic testing becomes the standard of care agreed upon by physician committees, said Dr. Julie Neidich, a geneticist and laboratory medical director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.pathway.com/\">Pathway Genomics\u003c/a> of San Diego, which also makes a genetic test panel that includes statin intolerance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could DNA tests like this be the vanguard of personalized medicine? A few months ago, President Obama announced a $215 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/01/30/382659919/obama-wants-funding-for-research-on-more-precise-health-care\">precision medicine initiative\u003c/a> to collect DNA records from 1 million volunteers to develop medical treatments tailored to individual genetic makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we aren't there yet,\" said Neidich. \"While humans have about 20,000 genes, only about 5,000 genes have been reported in the scientific literature to be associated with a disorder found in humans. We have no clue what the other ones do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four DNA-based drugs were just \u003ca href=\"https://personalizedmedicinecoalition.wordpress.com/2015/07/30/turning-a-corner-how-this-months-decisions-at-fda-inform-the-debate-on-drug-costs/\">approved\u003c/a> by the FDA, and in 2014, nine of the 41 FDA-approved medicines were \u003ca href=\"http://www.personalizedmedicinecoalition.org/Userfiles/PMC-Corporate/file/2014-fda-approvals-personalized-medicine2.pdf\">personalized treatments\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of new genetically targeted drugs for chronic hepatitis C, where patients' response depends on the genotype of their infection, all these personalized drugs treat rare diseases and unusual forms of cancer, where disease is caused by one gene or a handful of genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health insurance companies are watching these developments like hawks. Indeed, the research arm of Kaiser Permanente, my health care plan, has been accumulating a genetic data bank to study complex conditions like heart disease and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far over 200,000 Kaiser Permanente members have contributed DNA samples to be analyzed along with their health records. This matters, because small effects are easier to detect over a large population, particularly in ethnic groups not well-represented in prior clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what can cardiac researchers conclude so far from these genetic data? \u003ca href=\"http://www.chori.org/Principal_Investigators/Krauss_Ronald/krauss_overview.html\">Dr. Ronald Krauss\u003c/a>, a lipid specialist at Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute and the University of California, San Francisco, has been studying cholesterol metabolism for over 40 years and has been collaborating with the Kaiser study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krauss is concerned about the unseen effects of statin use over time. \"The focus on cholesterol and on relatively uncommon adverse effects of statins such as muscle damage and onset of diabetes could be the tip of the iceberg in terms of biological effects with clinical consequences for some individuals,\" Krauss said. \"These could be either negative or positive. In the lab, we see widespread effects of statins at the cellular and molecular level. Are subtle things happening that affect health over the long term?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike my single gene test for muscle weakness, predicting a risk or treatment response for complex conditions like heart disease involves sifting through a dog's breakfast of genetic variants of varying impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is not like \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/huntington-disease\">Huntington's disease\u003c/a>, where a single identifiable genetic variant can give you the disease,\" said Krauss. \"In complex conditions like heart disease, there are multiple genetic effects, but for the most part, each individual genetic trait has a modest effect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the complications don't stop there. Other factors that can affect a person's disease risk and response to treatment include gut bacteria, RNA, acquired DNA changes, lifestyle and environment. Parsing out the impacts of these variables will require massive computing power and gargantuan data storage capacity to deal with the flood of genetic information to be sequenced and interpreted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we have learned more about the biology of statin response, it is clear that this involves major regulatory networks, and this is big stuff,\" said Krauss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, time for another cholesterol test. Apparently I'm prone to high cholesterol, no matter how many vegetables I ingest. At least I can experiment with Schaefer's statin recommendations until the bioinformaticians surfing the precision medicine data deluge figure out the big stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
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