window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1923143": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923143",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923143",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923141,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-520x353.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 353
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-160x109.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 109
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-960x652.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 652
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-375x255.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 255
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640.jpg",
"width": 7234,
"height": 4912
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1020x693.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 693
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1180x801.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1200x815.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 815
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-800x543.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 543
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1920x1304.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1304
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1180x801.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-1920x1304.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1304
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-768x521.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 521
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-893057640-240x163.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 163
}
},
"publishDate": 1524816036,
"modified": 1524816054,
"caption": "Cropped shot view of full garbage.",
"description": null,
"title": "Full of plastic cup in recycle bin in the nature.",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1923167": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923167",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923167",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923166,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6.jpg",
"width": 1996,
"height": 1122
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1020x573.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 573
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1180x663.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1920x1079.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1079
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1180x663.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-1920x1079.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1079
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/brain-in-dish-1_wide-6f2e2c5b9376ccbea25ea35c6124b750143023c6-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1524844252,
"modified": 1524844252,
"caption": null,
"description": "Scientists placed two clusters of cultured forebrain cells side by side (each cluster the size of a head of a pin) in the lab. Within days, the minibrains had fused and particular neurons (in green) migrated from the left side to the right side, as groups of cells do in a real brain.",
"title": "Scientists placed two clusters of cultured forebrain cells side by side (each cluster the size of a head of a pin) in the lab. Within days, the minibrains had fused and particular neurons (in green) migrated from the left side to the right side, as groups of cells do in a real brain.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1923004": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1923004",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923004",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1923001,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-520x368.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 368
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-160x113.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 113
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-960x680.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-375x266.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 266
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470.jpg",
"width": 4472,
"height": 3167
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1020x722.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 722
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1180x836.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 836
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1200x850.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 850
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-800x567.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 567
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1920x1360.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1360
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1180x836.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 836
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-1920x1360.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1360
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-768x544.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 544
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-943817470-240x170.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 170
}
},
"publishDate": 1524604721,
"modified": 1524604758,
"caption": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administrator Scott Pruitt listens to US President Donald Trump speak during a cabinet meeting at the White House in Washington, DC, on April 9, 2018.",
"description": null,
"title": "US-SYRIA-CONFLICT-TRUMP",
"credit": "Nicholas Kamm/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922965": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922965",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922965",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922959,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-520x384.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 384
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-160x118.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 118
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-960x708.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 708
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-375x277.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 277
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2214
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1020x753.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 753
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1180x871.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 871
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1200x886.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 886
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-800x590.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 590
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1920x1417.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1417
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1180x871.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 871
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-1920x1417.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1417
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-768x567.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 567
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-515726612-240x177.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 177
}
},
"publishDate": 1524499286,
"modified": 1524499366,
"caption": "LeeAnne Walters (L), mother of four who helped expose Flint's toxic water crisis, listens during a House Oversight and Government Reform Committee hearing, about the Flint, Michigan water crisis, on Capitol Hill March 15, 2016 in Washington, DC. Walters is is among seven people from around the world to be awarded a Goldman Environmental Prize for grassroots environmental activism.",
"description": null,
"title": "House Oversight Hearing Held On Flint Water Crisis",
"credit": "Mark Wilson/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1919479": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1919479",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1919479",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1919474,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218.jpg",
"width": 4032,
"height": 3024
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6218-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1517622081,
"modified": 1518129243,
"caption": "Moacir Santos, the owner of Santos Engineering, pushes open the entrance to his warehouse, which he says he made bigger to comply with a city inspector's recommendation.",
"description": null,
"title": "Santos Engineering",
"credit": "Amel Ahmed/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922679": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922679",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922679",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922677,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-520x430.jpeg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 430
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-800x576.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-160x132.jpeg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 132
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-672x372.jpeg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-375x310.jpeg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 310
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"height": 661
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-50x50.jpeg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-96x96.jpeg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-800x661.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 661
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-64x64.jpeg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-32x32.jpeg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-150x150.jpeg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-768x635.jpeg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 635
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-128x128.jpeg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/800-240x198.jpeg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 198
}
},
"publishDate": 1523904660,
"modified": 1523904746,
"caption": "This 2015 photo shows the drug Keytruda. Research released on Monday suggests that many more lung cancer patients may benefit from treatments that boost the immune system.",
"description": null,
"title": "800",
"credit": "Michael Lund/Merck via AP",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922496": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922496",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922496",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922490,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992.jpg",
"width": 4946,
"height": 3297
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-614386992-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1523643243,
"modified": 1523643352,
"caption": "A man holds a glass of beer. A new study found that people who down more than seven drinks a week can expect to die sooner than those who drink less.",
"description": null,
"title": "Food Network & Cooking Channel New York City Wine & Food Festival Presented By Coca-Cola - Barilla's Italian Table hosted by Giada De Laurentiis",
"credit": "Cindy Ord/Getty Images for NYCWFF",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922303": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922303",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922303",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922287,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558.jpg",
"width": 6048,
"height": 4032
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-683044558-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1523402900,
"modified": 1523408961,
"caption": "More than half the produce sold in the U.S. contain pesticide residues, according to an independent review of recent tests conducted by the Department of Agriculture.",
"description": null,
"title": "Fresh fruits and vegetables",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922116": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922116",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922116",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922037,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-520x357.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 357
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-160x110.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 110
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-960x659.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 659
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-375x257.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 257
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206.jpg",
"width": 3261,
"height": 2238
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-1020x700.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 700
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-1180x810.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 810
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-800x549.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 549
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-1920x1318.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1318
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-1180x810.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 810
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-1920x1318.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1318
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-768x527.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 527
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-928658206-240x165.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 165
}
},
"publishDate": 1522951540,
"modified": 1522951584,
"caption": "Attorney General Jeff Sessions gestures as he speaks at the California Peace Officers' Association 26th Annual Law Enforcement Legislative Day on March 7, 2018 in Sacramento, California.",
"description": null,
"title": "Attorney General Jeff Sessions Makes A Sanctuary Jurisdiction Announcement In Sacramento",
"credit": "Stephen Lam/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922244": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922244",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922244",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922241,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-520x265.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 265
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-160x81.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 81
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-960x489.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 489
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-375x191.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 191
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 1528
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-1020x520.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 520
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-1180x601.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 601
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-800x407.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 407
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-1920x978.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 978
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-1180x601.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 601
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-1920x978.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 978
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-768x391.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 391
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/GettyImages-57314649-240x122.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 122
}
},
"publishDate": 1523300665,
"modified": 1523300704,
"caption": "Factories on the Wirral peninsular on April 11, 2006, Cheshire, England. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Consumption and Recycling In Europe",
"credit": "Christopher Furlong/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922101": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922101",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922101",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922099,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat.jpg",
"width": 3936,
"height": 2216
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-1920x1081.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1081
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-1920x1081.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1081
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/06_Paul_mit_Salat-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1522940602,
"modified": 1522940674,
"caption": "Engineer Paul Zabel with fresh salad harvested at the Neumeyer-Station III on Antarctica. The project is a test to become part of the nutrition for astronauts in future moon or Mars missions. ",
"description": null,
"title": "06_Paul_mit_Salat",
"credit": "German Aerospace Center DLR",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1922032": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1922032",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922032",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1922025,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-520x363.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 363
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-160x112.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 112
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-960x670.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 670
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-375x262.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 262
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666.jpg",
"width": 4950,
"height": 3456
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-1020x712.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 712
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-1180x824.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 824
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-800x559.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 559
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-1920x1341.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1341
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-1180x824.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 824
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-1920x1341.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1341
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-768x536.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 536
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/iStock-526297666-240x168.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 168
}
},
"publishDate": 1522783400,
"modified": 1522783484,
"caption": "The Golden Gate Bridge is located in San Francisco, California. California has regulated vehicle-tailpipe emissions since before 1970, when the EPA and the federal Clean Air Act came into force. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Golden Gate Bridge",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1923166": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1923166",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1923166",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1923001": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1923001",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1923001",
"name": "Michael Biesecker\u003cbr />Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922959": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922959",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922959",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922677": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922677",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922677",
"name": "Marilynn Marchione\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922490": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922490",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922490",
"name": "Mike Stobbe\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922241": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922241",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922241",
"name": "Mead Gruver\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922099": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922099",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922099",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1922025": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1922025",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1922025",
"name": "Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_health": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"score": 10.889561
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Health",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 48
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=health",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 48
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1923141": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1923141",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923141",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1525215315000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1525215315,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam",
"headTitle": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Oakland is now the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from serving plastic straws unless requested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Abel Guillen, who introduced the proposal in March, says the legislation is part of broader effort in the city to reduce environmental waste. In 2006, Oakland adopted a policy called the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PWA/o/FE/s/IDR/o/ZW/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zero Waste Strategic Plan,\u003c/a> which aims to dramatically reduce the city’s waste disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To make further progress on our waste-reduction goals and shift our culture away from single-use products, my ordinance will focus on ‘by request only’ use and better enforcement of existing legislation,” said Guillen in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.abelforoakland.com/abel_s_enews_reducing_waste_and_dumping_standing_up_for_immigrants_updates_on_housing_park_blvd_and_ballpark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley is considering similar legislation that would go one step further by banning single-use plastic straws altogether. Meanwhile straw-upon-request ordinances are already in place in Alameda, Davis, Manhattan Beach and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Big Culprits’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Local environmental advocates say that anti-plastic straw ordinances would eliminate a key source of pollution in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastic straws and stirrers are big culprits in trashing San Francisco Bay and our oceans,” David Lewis, the executive director of Save the Bay, told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864939/the-last-straw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> to KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> radio program, the Plastics Industry Association says that straws are not the problem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Straws have come under fire in some circles. But the issue with straws isn’t that they exist, it’s that they aren’t always being disposed of properly. No matter what straw is made of, it should not end up as litter. The real challenge is making it easier for everyone to better dispose of straws and single use products by enhancing our recycling technologies.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocate Nicole Kozlowski told Forum that the industry has been pointing the finger at consumers for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have surpassed the tipping point of how much plastic can be in the system and we can’t recycle our way out of this issue,” said Kozlowski, who is the co-leader of \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/programs/rise-above-plastics\">Rise Above Plastics\u003c/a>, an initiative of the Surfrider Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are one of the top 10 items routinely found on beaches around the world, according to the nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Conservancy. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because plastic litter is not biodegradable, it ends up breaking into small parts that release toxins into the oceans, threatening the habitat of 500 wildlife species,\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> including 23 endange\u003c/a>red species in San Francisco Bay, the Chronicle reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seabirds for example can ingest as much as 8 percent of their body weight in plastic, which for humans “is equivalent to the average woman having the weight of two babies in her stomach,” said Denise Hardesty, senior research scientist at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Georgia environmental engineering professor Jenna Jambeck calculated that nearly 9 million tons end up in the world’s oceans and coastlines each year, as of 2010, according to her 2015 study in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768\">Science\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For every pound of tuna we’re taking out of the ocean, we’re putting two pounds of plastic in the ocean,” said ocean scientist Sherry Lippiatt, California regional coordinator for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s marine debris \u003ca href=\"https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/\">program.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Bay Area cities are looking into reinterpreting current laws on the books to go after plastic rather than crafting new legislation from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz, for instance\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/home/showdocument?id=64417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">, expanded a 2007 ordinance\u003c/a> on food packaging to include straws, among other items. That went into effect in November of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Difficult to Recycle\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Because plastic is potentially recyclable, straws have traditionally been left out of the scope of these ordinances even though many waste-disposal sites don’t accept single-use plastic due to the high costs associated with processing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are especially difficult to recycle because their small size makes them difficult to sort, and they can clog up machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, Emeryville and Albany have existing ordinances on waste reduction with similar wording to Santa Cruz, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-last-straws-several-east-bay-governments-aim-to-ban-the-plastic-foodware/Content?oid=7855804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Express.\u003c/a> On the other hand, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/4859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/sites/default/files/Ch-5_A-11_PolystyreneFoamBan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward’s\u003c/a> ordinances explicitly exclude straws from their definition of “disposable foodware” and are therefore exempt from the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area legislation targeting single-use plastic straws is part of a growing effort in the state to curtail their use. An Assembly bill introduced in January would enact a straw-upon-request policy at restaurants statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 785,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704927947,
"excerpt": "Oakland is the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from providing plastic straws unless requested.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Oakland is the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from providing plastic straws unless requested.",
"title": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Straw Wars! Bay Area Push to Ban Plastic Straws Picks Up Steam",
"datePublished": "2018-05-01T15:55:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:05:47-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "straw-wars-bay-area-push-to-ban-plastic-straws-picks-up-steam",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1923141/straw-wars-bay-area-push-to-ban-plastic-straws-picks-up-steam",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland is now the latest Bay Area city to consider a proposal to bar food vendors from serving plastic straws unless requested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Councilmember Abel Guillen, who introduced the proposal in March, says the legislation is part of broader effort in the city to reduce environmental waste. In 2006, Oakland adopted a policy called the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.oaklandnet.com/Government/o/PWA/o/FE/s/IDR/o/ZW/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zero Waste Strategic Plan,\u003c/a> which aims to dramatically reduce the city’s waste disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To make further progress on our waste-reduction goals and shift our culture away from single-use products, my ordinance will focus on ‘by request only’ use and better enforcement of existing legislation,” said Guillen in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.abelforoakland.com/abel_s_enews_reducing_waste_and_dumping_standing_up_for_immigrants_updates_on_housing_park_blvd_and_ballpark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley is considering similar legislation that would go one step further by banning single-use plastic straws altogether. Meanwhile straw-upon-request ordinances are already in place in Alameda, Davis, Manhattan Beach and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Big Culprits’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Local environmental advocates say that anti-plastic straw ordinances would eliminate a key source of pollution in San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plastic straws and stirrers are big culprits in trashing San Francisco Bay and our oceans,” David Lewis, the executive director of Save the Bay, told the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864939/the-last-straw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> to KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> radio program, the Plastics Industry Association says that straws are not the problem:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Straws have come under fire in some circles. But the issue with straws isn’t that they exist, it’s that they aren’t always being disposed of properly. No matter what straw is made of, it should not end up as litter. The real challenge is making it easier for everyone to better dispose of straws and single use products by enhancing our recycling technologies.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocate Nicole Kozlowski told Forum that the industry has been pointing the finger at consumers for a long time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have surpassed the tipping point of how much plastic can be in the system and we can’t recycle our way out of this issue,” said Kozlowski, who is the co-leader of \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/programs/rise-above-plastics\">Rise Above Plastics\u003c/a>, an initiative of the Surfrider Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are one of the top 10 items routinely found on beaches around the world, according to the nonprofit group \u003ca href=\"https://oceanconservancy.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/International-Coastal-Cleanup_2017-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Conservancy. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because plastic litter is not biodegradable, it ends up breaking into small parts that release toxins into the oceans, threatening the habitat of 500 wildlife species,\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Plastic-straws-stir-up-environmental-debate-in-11192651.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> including 23 endange\u003c/a>red species in San Francisco Bay, the Chronicle reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seabirds for example can ingest as much as 8 percent of their body weight in plastic, which for humans “is equivalent to the average woman having the weight of two babies in her stomach,” said Denise Hardesty, senior research scientist at Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Georgia environmental engineering professor Jenna Jambeck calculated that nearly 9 million tons end up in the world’s oceans and coastlines each year, as of 2010, according to her 2015 study in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6223/768\">Science\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For every pound of tuna we’re taking out of the ocean, we’re putting two pounds of plastic in the ocean,” said ocean scientist Sherry Lippiatt, California regional coordinator for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s marine debris \u003ca href=\"https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/\">program.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Bay Area cities are looking into reinterpreting current laws on the books to go after plastic rather than crafting new legislation from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz, for instance\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofsantacruz.com/home/showdocument?id=64417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">, expanded a 2007 ordinance\u003c/a> on food packaging to include straws, among other items. That went into effect in November of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Difficult to Recycle\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Because plastic is potentially recyclable, straws have traditionally been left out of the scope of these ordinances even though many waste-disposal sites don’t accept single-use plastic due to the high costs associated with processing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Straws are especially difficult to recycle because their small size makes them difficult to sort, and they can clog up machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland, Emeryville and Albany have existing ordinances on waste reduction with similar wording to Santa Cruz, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-last-straws-several-east-bay-governments-aim-to-ban-the-plastic-foodware/Content?oid=7855804\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay Express.\u003c/a> On the other hand, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.richmond.ca.us/DocumentCenter/Home/View/4859\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Richmond\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.hayward-ca.gov/sites/default/files/Ch-5_A-11_PolystyreneFoamBan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hayward’s\u003c/a> ordinances explicitly exclude straws from their definition of “disposable foodware” and are therefore exempt from the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area legislation targeting single-use plastic straws is part of a growing effort in the state to curtail their use. An Assembly bill introduced in January would enact a straw-upon-request policy at restaurants statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1923141/straw-wars-bay-area-push-to-ban-plastic-straws-picks-up-steam",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_856",
"science_5178",
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_1189",
"science_554",
"science_269"
],
"featImg": "science_1923143",
"label": "source_science_1923141"
},
"science_1923166": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1923166",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923166",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1524844605000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1524844605,
"format": "standard",
"title": "What Happens if Lab-Grown 'Brains' Start to Think?",
"headTitle": "What Happens if Lab-Grown ‘Brains’ Start to Think? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Bits of human brain tissue no larger than a pea are forcing scientists to think about questions as large as the nature of consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These clusters of living brain cells are popularly known as minibrains, though scientists prefer to call them cerebral organoids. At the moment, they remain extremely rudimentary versions of an actual human brain and are used primarily to study brain development and disorders like autism.[contextly_sidebar id=”HMQDzS3yCZ9AE13vUOqetj5aN4FdoSXB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But minibrain research is progressing so quickly that scientists need to start thinking about the potential implications now, says \u003ca href=\"https://law.duke.edu/fac/farahany/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nita Farahany\u003c/a>, a professor of law and philosophy at Duke University and the director of Duke Science and Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it possible that an organoid far off in the future could develop something that looks like consciousness or any kind of sentience, the ability to feel something like pain,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farahaney and 16 other prominent scientists, ethicists and philosophers posed this question and many others in a \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/d41586-018-04813-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commentary\u003c/a> in this week’s issue of the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minibrains are usually created by transforming skin cells from a person into neural stem cells. These stem cells can grow into a range of structures like those found in the human brain, and even form networks of cells that communicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment these lab-grown minibrains are limited to a few million cells and don’t get much larger than a pea. In contrast, the human brain is thousands of times larger and contains about 85 billion cells.[contextly_sidebar id=”OCnNd7PwCJuJQVywuWz8tdii1h7nfCKc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now they’re pretty good proxies for being able to study how certain kinds of human neurons interact with each other and grow and develop over time,” Farahany says. “But they are still far from what an actual human brain would look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet already, minibrains are helping scientists do remarkable things, Farahany says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re talking about something like schizophrenia or autism, if you want to model those things, it is difficult to do so with animal models and it is ethically impossible in many instances to do so with living humans,” She says. But it is possible to grow a minibrain from cells with genetic mutations associated with like autism and watch how it develops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minibrain experiments also helped scientists figure out how the Zika virus interferes with normal brain development, Farahany says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just this month, a team at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., published \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that a human minibrain transplanted into a mouse brain could develop functioning blood vessels. That would, in theory, allow scientists to grow much larger minibrains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s clear the potential of the field is huge, Farahany says. But so are the ethical questions surrounding brain cells that live and grow outside the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area of concern involves the practice of transplanting human brain tissue into animals. That could eventually lead to, say, mice with exceptional mental abilities, Farahany says.[contextly_sidebar id=”5Sb1luecV0vjqwJczHCqy6sXfrIqNXJb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now, she says, is when scientists and society needs to start asking questions like, “How comfortable are we with certain kinds of hybrids we’re creating and does that change the way we regard those animals or the kinds of protections that should be afforded to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, researchers may need some guidance on what research rules apply to enhanced lab mouse, Farahany says. Do they assume it’s like a typical lab mouse, which can be killed at the end of an experiment? Or do these mice enjoy the protections given to chimps, which are allowed to retire after their time in research is done?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commentary doesn’t offer answers to those questions, or any specific guidelines for research. Instead, it is intended as a way of guiding future discussions about minibrains and other efforts to replicate the functions of a human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really the time to get out ahead of these ethical issues before it becomes deeply problematic to proceed without having addressed them,” Farahany says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tiny+Lab-Grown+%27Brains%27+Raise+Big+Ethical+Questions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 700,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704927961,
"excerpt": "Scientists are growing increasingly large and sophisticated clusters of human brain cells. Ethicists are now wondering what to do if these minibrains start thinking.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists are growing increasingly large and sophisticated clusters of human brain cells. Ethicists are now wondering what to do if these minibrains start thinking.",
"title": "What Happens if Lab-Grown 'Brains' Start to Think? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Happens if Lab-Grown 'Brains' Start to Think?",
"datePublished": "2018-04-27T08:56:45-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:01-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-happens-if-lab-grown-brains-start-to-think",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=605331749&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 25 Apr 2018 16:28:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 25 Apr 2018 16:57:03 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/25/605331749/tiny-lab-grown-brains-raise-big-ethical-questions?ft=nprml&f=605331749",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180425_atc_tiny_lab-grown_brains_raise_big_ethical_questions.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=170&p=2&story=605331749&ft=nprml&f=605331749",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of Pasca lab/Stanford University",
"source": "Environment",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1605839638-453da2.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=170&p=2&story=605331749&ft=nprml&f=605331749",
"nprStoryId": "605331749",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"sticky": false,
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 25 Apr 2018 22:21:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1923166/what-happens-if-lab-grown-brains-start-to-think",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/04/20180425_atc_tiny_lab-grown_brains_raise_big_ethical_questions.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=170&p=2&story=605331749&ft=nprml&f=605331749",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bits of human brain tissue no larger than a pea are forcing scientists to think about questions as large as the nature of consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These clusters of living brain cells are popularly known as minibrains, though scientists prefer to call them cerebral organoids. At the moment, they remain extremely rudimentary versions of an actual human brain and are used primarily to study brain development and disorders like autism.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But minibrain research is progressing so quickly that scientists need to start thinking about the potential implications now, says \u003ca href=\"https://law.duke.edu/fac/farahany/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nita Farahany\u003c/a>, a professor of law and philosophy at Duke University and the director of Duke Science and Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it possible that an organoid far off in the future could develop something that looks like consciousness or any kind of sentience, the ability to feel something like pain,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farahaney and 16 other prominent scientists, ethicists and philosophers posed this question and many others in a \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/d41586-018-04813-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commentary\u003c/a> in this week’s issue of the journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minibrains are usually created by transforming skin cells from a person into neural stem cells. These stem cells can grow into a range of structures like those found in the human brain, and even form networks of cells that communicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the moment these lab-grown minibrains are limited to a few million cells and don’t get much larger than a pea. In contrast, the human brain is thousands of times larger and contains about 85 billion cells.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now they’re pretty good proxies for being able to study how certain kinds of human neurons interact with each other and grow and develop over time,” Farahany says. “But they are still far from what an actual human brain would look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet already, minibrains are helping scientists do remarkable things, Farahany says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re talking about something like schizophrenia or autism, if you want to model those things, it is difficult to do so with animal models and it is ethically impossible in many instances to do so with living humans,” She says. But it is possible to grow a minibrain from cells with genetic mutations associated with like autism and watch how it develops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minibrain experiments also helped scientists figure out how the Zika virus interferes with normal brain development, Farahany says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just this month, a team at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, Calif., published \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt.4127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that a human minibrain transplanted into a mouse brain could develop functioning blood vessels. That would, in theory, allow scientists to grow much larger minibrains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s clear the potential of the field is huge, Farahany says. But so are the ethical questions surrounding brain cells that live and grow outside the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area of concern involves the practice of transplanting human brain tissue into animals. That could eventually lead to, say, mice with exceptional mental abilities, Farahany says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now, she says, is when scientists and society needs to start asking questions like, “How comfortable are we with certain kinds of hybrids we’re creating and does that change the way we regard those animals or the kinds of protections that should be afforded to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, researchers may need some guidance on what research rules apply to enhanced lab mouse, Farahany says. Do they assume it’s like a typical lab mouse, which can be killed at the end of an experiment? Or do these mice enjoy the protections given to chimps, which are allowed to retire after their time in research is done?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commentary doesn’t offer answers to those questions, or any specific guidelines for research. Instead, it is intended as a way of guiding future discussions about minibrains and other efforts to replicate the functions of a human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really the time to get out ahead of these ethical issues before it becomes deeply problematic to proceed without having addressed them,” Farahany says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tiny+Lab-Grown+%27Brains%27+Raise+Big+Ethical+Questions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1923166/what-happens-if-lab-grown-brains-start-to-think",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1923166"
],
"categories": [
"science_39",
"science_3424",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2918",
"science_3543"
],
"featImg": "science_1923167",
"label": "source_science_1923166"
},
"science_1923001": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1923001",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1923001",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1524604899000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1524604899,
"format": "standard",
"title": "EPA Chief Signs Proposal Limiting Use of Science in Policymaking",
"headTitle": "EPA Chief Signs Proposal Limiting Use of Science in Policymaking | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt has signed a proposed rule that would restrict the types of scientific studies regulators can use to determine the impact of pesticide and pollution exposure on human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt says the change would increase transparency in the agency’s decision-making by requiring all underlying data used in scientific studies to be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, including former EPA administrators and scientists, say Pruitt’s move is designed to restrict the agency from citing peer-reviewed public-health studies that use patient medical records required to be kept confidential under patient privacy laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/climate/epa-science-transparency-pruitt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> would be\u003c/a> “walking into a judicial minefield” if he tried to stop the E.P.A. from considering certain studies, says Richard J. Lazarus, a professor of environmental law at Harvard who spoke with the New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The embattled EPA administrator signed the proposed order at EPA headquarters Tuesday in an event that was livestreamed on the agency’s website but not open to press coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NYT, which obtained an advanced copy of the proposed regulation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/climate/epa-science-transparency-pruitt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports that \u003c/a>the public will have 30 days to offer comments on the measure before a final rule is issued.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 205,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1704927969,
"excerpt": "The controversial announcement and signing was not open to press coverage.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The controversial announcement and signing was not open to press coverage.",
"title": "EPA Chief Signs Proposal Limiting Use of Science in Policymaking | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "EPA Chief Signs Proposal Limiting Use of Science in Policymaking",
"datePublished": "2018-04-24T14:21:39-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "epa-chief-signs-proposal-limiting-use-of-science-in-policymaking",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Michael Biesecker\u003cbr />Seth Borenstein\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1923001/epa-chief-signs-proposal-limiting-use-of-science-in-policymaking",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt has signed a proposed rule that would restrict the types of scientific studies regulators can use to determine the impact of pesticide and pollution exposure on human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt says the change would increase transparency in the agency’s decision-making by requiring all underlying data used in scientific studies to be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, including former EPA administrators and scientists, say Pruitt’s move is designed to restrict the agency from citing peer-reviewed public-health studies that use patient medical records required to be kept confidential under patient privacy laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/climate/epa-science-transparency-pruitt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> would be\u003c/a> “walking into a judicial minefield” if he tried to stop the E.P.A. from considering certain studies, says Richard J. Lazarus, a professor of environmental law at Harvard who spoke with the New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The embattled EPA administrator signed the proposed order at EPA headquarters Tuesday in an event that was livestreamed on the agency’s website but not open to press coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NYT, which obtained an advanced copy of the proposed regulation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/climate/epa-science-transparency-pruitt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports that \u003c/a>the public will have 30 days to offer comments on the measure before a final rule is issued.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1923001/epa-chief-signs-proposal-limiting-use-of-science-in-policymaking",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1923001"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_1754",
"science_2209",
"science_554",
"science_3322"
],
"featImg": "science_1923004",
"label": "source_science_1923001"
},
"science_1922959": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922959",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922959",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1524499408000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1524499408,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Michigan Water Activist and 6 Others Win Global Environmental Prize",
"headTitle": "Michigan Water Activist and 6 Others Win Global Environmental Prize | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A woman who played a key role in exposing the lead-tainted water disaster in Flint, Michigan, is among seven people from around the world to be awarded a Goldman Environmental Prize for grassroots environmental activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LeeAnne Walters was repeatedly rebuffed by Gov. Rick Snyder’s administration, even as she confronted regulators with bottles of brown water that came from her kitchen tap. Finally, with critical help from a Virginia Tech research team and a local doctor, it was revealed in 2015 that Flint’s water system was contaminated with lead due to a lack of treatment.[contextly_sidebar id=”wWYwjFz2zjIPkJM1ze7jiIQ2kTW27PT0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walters, a mother of four, “worked tirelessly behind the scenes to bring justice to not only her immediate family but all residents of Flint,” the Goldman Environmental Foundation said Monday in announcing this year’s winners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize was created in 1989 by the late San Francisco philanthropists Richard and Rhoda Goldman. Winners are selected from nominations made by environmental organizations and others. The prize carries a $200,000 award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walters now lives in Virginia but regularly returns to Flint, where thousands of home water lines are being replaced due to the lead crisis. The city’s water quality has improved since it stopped using the Flint River as its source after 18 months, although there are many concerns about lead that was ingested, especially by children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other winners are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Francia Marquez of Colombia, who rallied other women to vigorously oppose gold mining in the Cauca region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Claire Nouvian of France, who successfully campaigned against deep-sea fish trawling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Makoma Lekalakala and Liz McDaid of South Africa, who fought to stop a nuclear plant deal between their country and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Manny Calonzo of the Philippines, who led an effort to ban lead paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Khanh Nguy Thi of Vietnam, who used scientific research to discourage dependency on coal-fired power.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 325,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704927971,
"excerpt": "An American is among seven people from around the world to be awarded a Goldman Environmental Prize.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "An American is among seven people from around the world to be awarded a Goldman Environmental Prize.",
"title": "Michigan Water Activist and 6 Others Win Global Environmental Prize | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Michigan Water Activist and 6 Others Win Global Environmental Prize",
"datePublished": "2018-04-23T09:03:28-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:11-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "michigan-water-activist-and-6-others-win-global-environmental-prize",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1922959/michigan-water-activist-and-6-others-win-global-environmental-prize",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A woman who played a key role in exposing the lead-tainted water disaster in Flint, Michigan, is among seven people from around the world to be awarded a Goldman Environmental Prize for grassroots environmental activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LeeAnne Walters was repeatedly rebuffed by Gov. Rick Snyder’s administration, even as she confronted regulators with bottles of brown water that came from her kitchen tap. Finally, with critical help from a Virginia Tech research team and a local doctor, it was revealed in 2015 that Flint’s water system was contaminated with lead due to a lack of treatment.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walters, a mother of four, “worked tirelessly behind the scenes to bring justice to not only her immediate family but all residents of Flint,” the Goldman Environmental Foundation said Monday in announcing this year’s winners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prize was created in 1989 by the late San Francisco philanthropists Richard and Rhoda Goldman. Winners are selected from nominations made by environmental organizations and others. The prize carries a $200,000 award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walters now lives in Virginia but regularly returns to Flint, where thousands of home water lines are being replaced due to the lead crisis. The city’s water quality has improved since it stopped using the Flint River as its source after 18 months, although there are many concerns about lead that was ingested, especially by children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other winners are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Francia Marquez of Colombia, who rallied other women to vigorously oppose gold mining in the Cauca region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Claire Nouvian of France, who successfully campaigned against deep-sea fish trawling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Makoma Lekalakala and Liz McDaid of South Africa, who fought to stop a nuclear plant deal between their country and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Manny Calonzo of the Philippines, who led an effort to ban lead paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Khanh Nguy Thi of Vietnam, who used scientific research to discourage dependency on coal-fired power.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922959/michigan-water-activist-and-6-others-win-global-environmental-prize",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922959"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_192",
"science_309",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1922965",
"label": "source_science_1922959"
},
"science_1919474": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1919474",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1919474",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1524171626000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1524171626,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order",
"headTitle": "Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Update: April 19, 2018\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland reports the operator of a debris-hauling business has refused to halt operations, in violation of a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injunction, issued April 3, ordered Moacir Santos to cease transporting debris to and from his West Oakland warehouse. The injunction followed the filing of a lawsuit by the city claiming Santos was harming air quality in the neighborhood, allowing contaminated water to flow into the city’s storm-water system and violating Oakland’s zoning laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are closely monitoring Santos’ operations and will submit evidence to the court to hold defendants in contempt if necessary,” City Attorney Barbara Parker said in a statement Thursday. “It is unconscionable and contemptible for anyone to try to profit from poisoning the neighborhood – including the children and adults who live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is also alleging that a man who had been speaking on behalf of the company and who identified himself as “Jim Wolf” is actually James Philip Lucero, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/south-bay-resident-convicted-illegal-dumping-wetlands-and-other-protected-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convicted\u003c/a> in February of violating the Federal Clean Water Act for discharging waste and pollutants into protected wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos declined to comment on the city’s most recent accusations and referred KQED to his attorney, who has yet to return a message left with his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original post from Feb. 8, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland has filed an environmental justice lawsuit against debris-hauling company Santos Engineering for allegedly releasing harmful dust emissions into the surrounding neighborhood and contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/NLC/People%20v.%20Santos%20Engineering%20et%20al.%20-%20Complaint%20(file-stamped).pdf\"> complaint\u003c/a>, filed in late January, says the company’s operations are a public nuisance that pose a “grave and immediate threat to the health and safety of Oakland residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Ul09RImqllzWU3EFG9cmyhOBlbfcoGyH”]City Attorney Barbara Parker wants a court to issue an injunction that would force the company to immediately suspend operations. The city is also seeking punitive damages on behalf of West Oakland residents, who say they their health has suffered since the company began operating last July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moacir Santos, the owner of the company, called the allegations baseless and accused the city of caving in to “rumors” aimed at discrediting his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The neighbors want to shut down businesses like mine to make the area more residential,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919676 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A diesel excavator owned by Santos Engineering sits in his facility. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city’s lawsuit comes shortly after a federal civil rights complaint was filed last spring by a group of black residents who say the city has compromised their health with diesel emissions. The civil rights complaint accuses the city of engaging in a “pattern of neglect and systemic disregard” for the well-being of residents, ignoring input from West Oakland neighborhoods in favor of industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, two federal agencies \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LaNXgfAe148QJJ5G8aXzleQjdLPY_kWh4oUaZ64AKSFMIHw2NIasR5q4nm3NvLPl7q0xiQZ9vMqdzSpH/view\">announced\u003c/a> last July that they were launching a formal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Wake Up With My Eyes Swollen’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HIelmBvmdH8ga9DVwNls7RrlslYCfW7j”]West Oakland residents like 71-year-old Barbara Johnson complain of experiencing symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe allergies, lightheadness and severe coughing since Santos Engineering started operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wake up with my eyes swollen,” said Johnson, who lives directly across the street from the warehouse with her two grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919481\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919481 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-800x801.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-768x769.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1920x1923.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1180x1182.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-960x962.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-375x376.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-520x521.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barbara Johnson, 71, poses with her two grandchildren, Lawrence, 8, and Marley, 10. Johnson said ever since Santos Engineering opened its operations in the neighborhood, her family has suffered from respiratory problems. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the company opened, Johnson says she began noticing coatings of dust on neighborhood cars and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust got so bad, she said, that she had to send her grandchildren away to stay with relatives during the recent winter break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We let them get away so they can breathe and get fresh air,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report issued by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District said an inspector who visited the facility in September observed dust emissions and a large diesel excavator that was being used to load construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No water was being used to control fugitive dust which was drifting out of the building,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint also alleges that the company uses a diesel excavator to pulverize construction material such as drywall, a known source of asbestos, and fiberglass, an irritant that can aggravate respiratory disorders such as asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘ I need guidance from the city.’\u003ccite>Moacir Santos, Santos Engineering\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Santos denied storing any drywall and fiberglass in his facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Fire Department conducted its own inspection in January and found the company to be in violation of the city’s fire regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city also accuses the company of allowing its trucks to drive along prohibited residential streets, contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santos said that he has been fully cooperative with the city and that he has made all the requested modifications to his facility following the citations he received from the fire department and BAAQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent tour of his facility, Santos pointed to some of these corrective measures, including adding overhead ventilation panels and installing a sprinkler system to wash away stray dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the inspector came here, I made all the changes they asked me to and emailed the inspector pictures as proof,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from being a bad neighbor, Santos said, he has even employed local homeless people to clean his trucks in an effort to promote positive community relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been paying the homeless to wash my trucks to make the dust go down,” he said. When asked where the dust came from, Santos blamed it on other “passing trucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos said that at this point, he is not sure what more can be done to stop the neighbors from complaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need guidance from the city,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Environmental Injustice’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For City Attorney Parker, however, actions taken by Santos don’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can make some changes but it’s not fixing the bigger problem,” said Alex Katz, Parker’s chief of staff. “Neighbors to this day are still complaining about the dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a neighborhood historically plagued by air pollution, the complaint says the community has suffered long enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection.’\u003ccite>Robert Bullard, Texas Southern University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As the country’s fifth largest container port, West Oakland is littered with rail and trucking facilities. The city has 90 times more diesel pollution per square mile on average than the rest of the state, according to a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacinst.org/reports/diesel/clearing_the_air_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> by the nonprofit Pacific Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who live in West Oakland can expect to live nine years less than other Californians due to the poor air quality, according to a 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/media/401560/cumulative-health-impacts-east-west-oakland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poor neighborhoods like West Oakland are often disproportionately exposed to toxic facilities, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scholar Robert Bullard, widely known as the father of the environmental justice movement, called the accusations against Santos Engineering a “textbook case” of environmental injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection. The fact that you have dust blowing across this vulnerable community, actions should be taken to immediately halt this operation,” said Bullard, a distinguished professor at Texas Southern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One landmark \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> spanning 20 years found that more than half of the people who live within 1.86 miles of toxic waste facilities are people of color. Their proximity to hazardous sites exposes them to higher rates of air pollution than people in predominantly white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally, it takes more time and effort to get these industries to stop when it’s happening in a low-income or community of color than in a white affluent community in the suburbs,” Bullard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Santos said he has no problem with making additional modifications to his facility, including dealing with the alleged dust problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If dust is the problem, I’ll resolve all this in 20 to 25,000 dollars. I can make this place perfect.” He added that city inspectors have never actually tested his facility for toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Katz said the city isn’t required to test the facility in order to file a public nuisance claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a business that hauls construction debris from all over the Bay Area. And while no one has gone out and collected the dust to test it, if the neighbors are still complaining . . . our office considers this to be serious enough to ask the court to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city now waits to see if a judge agrees with them and issues an order to stop the company’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1513,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 52
},
"modified": 1704927984,
"excerpt": "A West Oakland community is battling a debris-hauling company over its alleged poisoning of air and water. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A West Oakland community is battling a debris-hauling company over its alleged poisoning of air and water. ",
"title": "Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Oakland Says Debris Company Still Polluting, Defying Court Order",
"datePublished": "2018-04-19T14:00:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:24-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "battle-over-dirty-air-brewing-in-west-oakland",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1919474/battle-over-dirty-air-brewing-in-west-oakland",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Update: April 19, 2018\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland reports the operator of a debris-hauling business has refused to halt operations, in violation of a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injunction, issued April 3, ordered Moacir Santos to cease transporting debris to and from his West Oakland warehouse. The injunction followed the filing of a lawsuit by the city claiming Santos was harming air quality in the neighborhood, allowing contaminated water to flow into the city’s storm-water system and violating Oakland’s zoning laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are closely monitoring Santos’ operations and will submit evidence to the court to hold defendants in contempt if necessary,” City Attorney Barbara Parker said in a statement Thursday. “It is unconscionable and contemptible for anyone to try to profit from poisoning the neighborhood – including the children and adults who live there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city is also alleging that a man who had been speaking on behalf of the company and who identified himself as “Jim Wolf” is actually James Philip Lucero, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/south-bay-resident-convicted-illegal-dumping-wetlands-and-other-protected-waters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">convicted\u003c/a> in February of violating the Federal Clean Water Act for discharging waste and pollutants into protected wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos declined to comment on the city’s most recent accusations and referred KQED to his attorney, who has yet to return a message left with his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Original post from Feb. 8, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Oakland has filed an environmental justice lawsuit against debris-hauling company Santos Engineering for allegedly releasing harmful dust emissions into the surrounding neighborhood and contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/NLC/People%20v.%20Santos%20Engineering%20et%20al.%20-%20Complaint%20(file-stamped).pdf\"> complaint\u003c/a>, filed in late January, says the company’s operations are a public nuisance that pose a “grave and immediate threat to the health and safety of Oakland residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>City Attorney Barbara Parker wants a court to issue an injunction that would force the company to immediately suspend operations. The city is also seeking punitive damages on behalf of West Oakland residents, who say they their health has suffered since the company began operating last July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moacir Santos, the owner of the company, called the allegations baseless and accused the city of caving in to “rumors” aimed at discrediting his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The neighbors want to shut down businesses like mine to make the area more residential,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919676\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919676 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6210-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A diesel excavator owned by Santos Engineering sits in his facility. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city’s lawsuit comes shortly after a federal civil rights complaint was filed last spring by a group of black residents who say the city has compromised their health with diesel emissions. The civil rights complaint accuses the city of engaging in a “pattern of neglect and systemic disregard” for the well-being of residents, ignoring input from West Oakland neighborhoods in favor of industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, two federal agencies \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LaNXgfAe148QJJ5G8aXzleQjdLPY_kWh4oUaZ64AKSFMIHw2NIasR5q4nm3NvLPl7q0xiQZ9vMqdzSpH/view\">announced\u003c/a> last July that they were launching a formal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘I Wake Up With My Eyes Swollen’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>West Oakland residents like 71-year-old Barbara Johnson complain of experiencing symptoms like difficulty breathing, severe allergies, lightheadness and severe coughing since Santos Engineering started operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wake up with my eyes swollen,” said Johnson, who lives directly across the street from the warehouse with her two grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919481\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919481 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-800x801.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-768x769.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1920x1923.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-1180x1182.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-960x962.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-375x376.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-520x521.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_6256-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barbara Johnson, 71, poses with her two grandchildren, Lawrence, 8, and Marley, 10. Johnson said ever since Santos Engineering opened its operations in the neighborhood, her family has suffered from respiratory problems. \u003ccite>(Amel Ahmed / KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the company opened, Johnson says she began noticing coatings of dust on neighborhood cars and homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust got so bad, she said, that she had to send her grandchildren away to stay with relatives during the recent winter break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We let them get away so they can breathe and get fresh air,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report issued by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District said an inspector who visited the facility in September observed dust emissions and a large diesel excavator that was being used to load construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No water was being used to control fugitive dust which was drifting out of the building,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint also alleges that the company uses a diesel excavator to pulverize construction material such as drywall, a known source of asbestos, and fiberglass, an irritant that can aggravate respiratory disorders such as asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘ I need guidance from the city.’\u003ccite>Moacir Santos, Santos Engineering\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Santos denied storing any drywall and fiberglass in his facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Fire Department conducted its own inspection in January and found the company to be in violation of the city’s fire regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city also accuses the company of allowing its trucks to drive along prohibited residential streets, contributing to heightened levels of diesel pollution in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santos said that he has been fully cooperative with the city and that he has made all the requested modifications to his facility following the citations he received from the fire department and BAAQMD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent tour of his facility, Santos pointed to some of these corrective measures, including adding overhead ventilation panels and installing a sprinkler system to wash away stray dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the inspector came here, I made all the changes they asked me to and emailed the inspector pictures as proof,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from being a bad neighbor, Santos said, he has even employed local homeless people to clean his trucks in an effort to promote positive community relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been paying the homeless to wash my trucks to make the dust go down,” he said. When asked where the dust came from, Santos blamed it on other “passing trucks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santos said that at this point, he is not sure what more can be done to stop the neighbors from complaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need guidance from the city,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Environmental Injustice’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For City Attorney Parker, however, actions taken by Santos don’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can make some changes but it’s not fixing the bigger problem,” said Alex Katz, Parker’s chief of staff. “Neighbors to this day are still complaining about the dust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a neighborhood historically plagued by air pollution, the complaint says the community has suffered long enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection.’\u003ccite>Robert Bullard, Texas Southern University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As the country’s fifth largest container port, West Oakland is littered with rail and trucking facilities. The city has 90 times more diesel pollution per square mile on average than the rest of the state, according to a 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacinst.org/reports/diesel/clearing_the_air_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> by the nonprofit Pacific Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who live in West Oakland can expect to live nine years less than other Californians due to the poor air quality, according to a 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.acphd.org/media/401560/cumulative-health-impacts-east-west-oakland.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poor neighborhoods like West Oakland are often disproportionately exposed to toxic facilities, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scholar Robert Bullard, widely known as the father of the environmental justice movement, called the accusations against Santos Engineering a “textbook case” of environmental injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the story of environmental racism and unequal protection. The fact that you have dust blowing across this vulnerable community, actions should be taken to immediately halt this operation,” said Bullard, a distinguished professor at Texas Southern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown that hazardous industrial facilities tend to be located in communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One landmark \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/toxic-wastes-and-race-at-twenty-1987-2007.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> spanning 20 years found that more than half of the people who live within 1.86 miles of toxic waste facilities are people of color. Their proximity to hazardous sites exposes them to higher rates of air pollution than people in predominantly white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally, it takes more time and effort to get these industries to stop when it’s happening in a low-income or community of color than in a white affluent community in the suburbs,” Bullard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Santos said he has no problem with making additional modifications to his facility, including dealing with the alleged dust problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If dust is the problem, I’ll resolve all this in 20 to 25,000 dollars. I can make this place perfect.” He added that city inspectors have never actually tested his facility for toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Katz said the city isn’t required to test the facility in order to file a public nuisance claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a business that hauls construction debris from all over the Bay Area. And while no one has gone out and collected the dust to test it, if the neighbors are still complaining . . . our office considers this to be serious enough to ask the court to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city now waits to see if a judge agrees with them and issues an order to stop the company’s operations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1919474/battle-over-dirty-air-brewing-in-west-oakland",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_505",
"science_1754",
"science_3370",
"science_813",
"science_554",
"science_381",
"science_3532"
],
"featImg": "science_1919479",
"label": "source_science_1919474"
},
"science_1922677": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922677",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922677",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523905143000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523905143,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Immune Therapy Scores Big Win Against Lung Cancer in Study",
"headTitle": "Immune Therapy Scores Big Win Against Lung Cancer in Study | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For the first time, a treatment that boosts the immune system greatly improved survival in people newly diagnosed with the most common form of lung cancer. It’s the biggest win so far for immunotherapy, which has had much of its success until now in less common cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, Merck’s Keytruda, given with standard chemotherapy, cut in half the risk of dying or having the cancer worsen, compared to chemo alone after nearly one year. The results are expected to quickly set a new standard of care for about 70,000 patients each year in the United States whose lung cancer has already spread by the time it’s found.[contextly_sidebar id=”F91JtPkny8aMmVDgSzhDCLKl8i9h66i6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study found that an immunotherapy combo — the Bristol-Myers Squibb drugs Opdivo and Yervoy — worked better than chemo for delaying the time until cancer worsened in advanced lung cancer patients whose tumors have many gene flaws, as nearly half do. But the benefit lasted less than two months on average and it’s too soon to know if the combo improves overall survival, as Keytruda did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these immune therapy treatments worked for only about half of patients, but that’s far better than chemo has done in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not nearly where we need to be yet,” said Dr. Roy Herbst, a Yale Cancer Center lung expert who had no role in the studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results were discussed Monday at an American Association for Cancer Research conference in Chicago and published by the New England Journal of Medicine. The studies were sponsored by the drugmakers, and many study leaders and Herbst consult for the companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Drugs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keytruda, Yervoy and Opdivo are called checkpoint inhibitors. They remove a cloak that some cancer cells have that hides them from the immune system. The drugs are given through IVs and cost about $12,500 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keytruda was approved last year as an initial treatment with chemo for the most common form of advanced lung cancer, but doctors have been leery to use it because that was based on a small study that did not show whether it prolongs life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”H5opvucYu977iQMrSp93NaQuUngGsm4g”]The new study, led by Dr. Leena Gandhi of NYU’s Perlmutter Cancer Center, gives that proof. In it, 616 patients were given chemo and some also received Keytruda. Those not given Keytruda were allowed to switch to it if their cancer worsened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After one year, 69 percent of people originally assigned to Keytruda were alive versus 49 percent of the others — a result that experts called remarkable considering that the second group’s survival was improved because half of them wound up switching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much it ultimately will extend life isn’t known — more than half in the Keytruda group are still alive; median survival was just over 11 months for the others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Keytruda combo also delayed the time until cancer worsened — an average of nine months versus five months for the chemo-only group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a big difference for such an advanced cancer, said Dr. Alice Shaw, a Massachusetts General Hospital lung cancer expert and one of the conference leaders. “This is really a pivotal study … a new standard of care,” said Shaw, who has no ties to the drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates of serious side effects were similar, but twice as many in the Keytruda group dropped out because of them. More than 4 percent of that group developed lung inflammation and three patients died of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Competition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Matthew Hellmann of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York led a study testing the Opdivo-Yervoy combo versus chemo in a slightly different group of newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study design was changed after it was underway to look at results according to patients’ tumor mutation burden — a measure of how flawed their cancer genes are, according to a profiling test by Foundation Medicine. Medicare recently agreed to cover the $3,000 test for advanced cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of 679 patients, 299 had a high number of gene flaws in their tumors. In that group, survival without worsening of disease was 43 percent after one year for those on the immunotherapy drugs versus 13 percent of those on chemo. The immunotherapy drugs did not help people with fewer tumor gene flaws.[contextly_sidebar id=”k103627drh9G9sgLgZTkEEvh7CJBZPBb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a tool that helps us determine who are the patients that are most likely to benefit from this combination,” Hellmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median time until cancer worsened was about 7 months on the immunotherapy drugs versus 5.5 months for chemo. Serious side effects were a little more common in the chemo group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another rival, Genentech, recently announced that its checkpoint inhibitor, Tecentriq, improved survival in a study similar to the one testing Keytruda. Details are expected in a couple months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"se0:a5bebef0-20f0-11e8-bcf7-7ddee2fbdb58\" class=\"social-embed\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"display-block\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 837,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704927998,
"excerpt": "Merck’s Keytruda extended survival for people diagnosed with the most common type of cancer, study found.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Merck’s Keytruda extended survival for people diagnosed with the most common type of cancer, study found.",
"title": "Immune Therapy Scores Big Win Against Lung Cancer in Study | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Immune Therapy Scores Big Win Against Lung Cancer in Study",
"datePublished": "2018-04-16T11:59:03-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:38-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "immune-therapy-scores-big-win-against-lung-cancer-in-study",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Marilynn Marchione\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Health",
"path": "/science/1922677/immune-therapy-scores-big-win-against-lung-cancer-in-study",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time, a treatment that boosts the immune system greatly improved survival in people newly diagnosed with the most common form of lung cancer. It’s the biggest win so far for immunotherapy, which has had much of its success until now in less common cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, Merck’s Keytruda, given with standard chemotherapy, cut in half the risk of dying or having the cancer worsen, compared to chemo alone after nearly one year. The results are expected to quickly set a new standard of care for about 70,000 patients each year in the United States whose lung cancer has already spread by the time it’s found.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study found that an immunotherapy combo — the Bristol-Myers Squibb drugs Opdivo and Yervoy — worked better than chemo for delaying the time until cancer worsened in advanced lung cancer patients whose tumors have many gene flaws, as nearly half do. But the benefit lasted less than two months on average and it’s too soon to know if the combo improves overall survival, as Keytruda did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these immune therapy treatments worked for only about half of patients, but that’s far better than chemo has done in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not nearly where we need to be yet,” said Dr. Roy Herbst, a Yale Cancer Center lung expert who had no role in the studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results were discussed Monday at an American Association for Cancer Research conference in Chicago and published by the New England Journal of Medicine. The studies were sponsored by the drugmakers, and many study leaders and Herbst consult for the companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>About the Drugs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keytruda, Yervoy and Opdivo are called checkpoint inhibitors. They remove a cloak that some cancer cells have that hides them from the immune system. The drugs are given through IVs and cost about $12,500 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keytruda was approved last year as an initial treatment with chemo for the most common form of advanced lung cancer, but doctors have been leery to use it because that was based on a small study that did not show whether it prolongs life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The new study, led by Dr. Leena Gandhi of NYU’s Perlmutter Cancer Center, gives that proof. In it, 616 patients were given chemo and some also received Keytruda. Those not given Keytruda were allowed to switch to it if their cancer worsened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After one year, 69 percent of people originally assigned to Keytruda were alive versus 49 percent of the others — a result that experts called remarkable considering that the second group’s survival was improved because half of them wound up switching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much it ultimately will extend life isn’t known — more than half in the Keytruda group are still alive; median survival was just over 11 months for the others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Keytruda combo also delayed the time until cancer worsened — an average of nine months versus five months for the chemo-only group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a big difference for such an advanced cancer, said Dr. Alice Shaw, a Massachusetts General Hospital lung cancer expert and one of the conference leaders. “This is really a pivotal study … a new standard of care,” said Shaw, who has no ties to the drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates of serious side effects were similar, but twice as many in the Keytruda group dropped out because of them. More than 4 percent of that group developed lung inflammation and three patients died of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Competition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Matthew Hellmann of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York led a study testing the Opdivo-Yervoy combo versus chemo in a slightly different group of newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study design was changed after it was underway to look at results according to patients’ tumor mutation burden — a measure of how flawed their cancer genes are, according to a profiling test by Foundation Medicine. Medicare recently agreed to cover the $3,000 test for advanced cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of 679 patients, 299 had a high number of gene flaws in their tumors. In that group, survival without worsening of disease was 43 percent after one year for those on the immunotherapy drugs versus 13 percent of those on chemo. The immunotherapy drugs did not help people with fewer tumor gene flaws.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a tool that helps us determine who are the patients that are most likely to benefit from this combination,” Hellmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The median time until cancer worsened was about 7 months on the immunotherapy drugs versus 5.5 months for chemo. Serious side effects were a little more common in the chemo group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another rival, Genentech, recently announced that its checkpoint inhibitor, Tecentriq, improved survival in a study similar to the one testing Keytruda. Details are expected in a couple months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"se0:a5bebef0-20f0-11e8-bcf7-7ddee2fbdb58\" class=\"social-embed\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"display-block\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922677/immune-therapy-scores-big-win-against-lung-cancer-in-study",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922677"
],
"categories": [
"science_3151",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_374",
"science_664",
"science_5181",
"science_3153"
],
"featImg": "science_1922679",
"label": "source_science_1922677"
},
"science_1922490": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922490",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922490",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523643708000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523643708,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Study Says Limit Alcohol to 1 Drink a Day",
"headTitle": "Study Says Limit Alcohol to 1 Drink a Day | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Here’s some sobering news: A large international study says adults should average no more than one alcoholic drink per day, and that means drinking guidelines in many countries may be far too loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that people who down more than seven drinks a week can expect to die sooner than those who drink less.[contextly_sidebar id=”3kWm4DI3iVJYPMRs18be6GS4w2yZC31b”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this is saying is, if you’re really concerned about your longevity, don’t have more than a drink a day,” said David Jernigan, a Johns Hopkins University alcohol researcher who was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government currently recommends no more than seven drinks a week for women, the recommendation for men is 14 drinks. That’s because earlier studies found women are hit by the effects of alcohol at lower amounts than men for several reasons, including women weigh less than men on average and blood alcohol concentrations rise faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study estimates that 40-year-old men who drink as much as the current U.S. guidelines allow can expect to live one to two years less than men who have no more than seven drinks per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HyboG9XiQBIkWZh1aRuQHOgnuXyNe7P8″]Canada and Sweden have guidelines similar to those in the U.S. set by the Department of Agriculture. Some countries have much higher ceilings. Spain and Romania set the upper limit for men at the equivalent of 20 drinks each week, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>British guidelines were like the U.S. standards until two years ago, when U.K. health officials brought the recommendation for men down to the level for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study “is a serious wake-up call for many countries,” Jeremy Pearson of the British Heart Foundation said in a statement. The group partly funded the study, which was published Thursday by the Lancet journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research combined results from 83 studies conducted in 19 countries, tracking nearly 600,000 people who drank alcohol. The researchers focused on who developed — and died from — stroke and different forms of heart disease. They made a point of excluding people who had a known history of heart problems at the time they had entered a study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half the participants said they had more than 100 grams of alcohol a week. There’s variation from country to country as to how many grams of alcohol are generally found in a standard drink. In Britain, that’s about six pints of beer a week. But in the U.S., 100 grams is equivalent to what’s in seven 12-ounces cans of beer, 5-ounce glasses of wine, or 1.5-ounce shots of rum, gin or other distilled spirits.[contextly_sidebar id=”60IZVuLOHERq8r5KjLnvVsIEeretG7j6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found a higher risk of stroke, heart failure and other problems in that group of heavier drinkers. That may partly reflect that alcohol can elevate blood pressure and alter cholesterol levels, the researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, the heavier drinkers were less likely to have a heart attack. But balanced against the increased risk of a stroke and other heart problems, the impact of drinking more than seven drinks a week is more bad than good, said the study’s lead author, Dr. Angela Wood of the University of Cambridge in England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most studies, this one has flaws. It’s not built to make firm conclusions about cause and effect. Research that rolls together previous studies can be problematic if they aren’t similar enough, though this one appears to have done a good job at overcoming that obstacle and combining comparable data, Jernigan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers relied on what participants reported drinking at the start, recognizing that many people may be lowballing how much they actually down. And the study didn’t account for any changes in their drinking habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At O’Hara’s Restaurant and Pub, a watering hole in lower Manhattan, one patron shrugged off the study and its recommendation. Shawn Freeman, visiting from St. Louis, said other things influence how much he drinks, like his mood and whether he’ll be driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another patron, Jaussi Ruotsalainen, a tourist from Finland, said he rarely drinks because he has two young kids at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That takes care of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 734,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704928011,
"excerpt": "Researchers found that people who drink more than seven drinks a week can expect to die sooner.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Researchers found that people who drink more than seven drinks a week can expect to die sooner.",
"title": "Study Says Limit Alcohol to 1 Drink a Day | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Study Says Limit Alcohol to 1 Drink a Day",
"datePublished": "2018-04-13T11:21:48-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:06:51-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "study-says-limit-alcohol-to-1-drink-a-day",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Mike Stobbe\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Health",
"path": "/science/1922490/study-says-limit-alcohol-to-1-drink-a-day",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here’s some sobering news: A large international study says adults should average no more than one alcoholic drink per day, and that means drinking guidelines in many countries may be far too loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that people who down more than seven drinks a week can expect to die sooner than those who drink less.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this is saying is, if you’re really concerned about your longevity, don’t have more than a drink a day,” said David Jernigan, a Johns Hopkins University alcohol researcher who was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. government currently recommends no more than seven drinks a week for women, the recommendation for men is 14 drinks. That’s because earlier studies found women are hit by the effects of alcohol at lower amounts than men for several reasons, including women weigh less than men on average and blood alcohol concentrations rise faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study estimates that 40-year-old men who drink as much as the current U.S. guidelines allow can expect to live one to two years less than men who have no more than seven drinks per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Canada and Sweden have guidelines similar to those in the U.S. set by the Department of Agriculture. Some countries have much higher ceilings. Spain and Romania set the upper limit for men at the equivalent of 20 drinks each week, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>British guidelines were like the U.S. standards until two years ago, when U.K. health officials brought the recommendation for men down to the level for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study “is a serious wake-up call for many countries,” Jeremy Pearson of the British Heart Foundation said in a statement. The group partly funded the study, which was published Thursday by the Lancet journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research combined results from 83 studies conducted in 19 countries, tracking nearly 600,000 people who drank alcohol. The researchers focused on who developed — and died from — stroke and different forms of heart disease. They made a point of excluding people who had a known history of heart problems at the time they had entered a study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half the participants said they had more than 100 grams of alcohol a week. There’s variation from country to country as to how many grams of alcohol are generally found in a standard drink. In Britain, that’s about six pints of beer a week. But in the U.S., 100 grams is equivalent to what’s in seven 12-ounces cans of beer, 5-ounce glasses of wine, or 1.5-ounce shots of rum, gin or other distilled spirits.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found a higher risk of stroke, heart failure and other problems in that group of heavier drinkers. That may partly reflect that alcohol can elevate blood pressure and alter cholesterol levels, the researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, the heavier drinkers were less likely to have a heart attack. But balanced against the increased risk of a stroke and other heart problems, the impact of drinking more than seven drinks a week is more bad than good, said the study’s lead author, Dr. Angela Wood of the University of Cambridge in England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most studies, this one has flaws. It’s not built to make firm conclusions about cause and effect. Research that rolls together previous studies can be problematic if they aren’t similar enough, though this one appears to have done a good job at overcoming that obstacle and combining comparable data, Jernigan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers relied on what participants reported drinking at the start, recognizing that many people may be lowballing how much they actually down. And the study didn’t account for any changes in their drinking habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At O’Hara’s Restaurant and Pub, a watering hole in lower Manhattan, one patron shrugged off the study and its recommendation. Shawn Freeman, visiting from St. Louis, said other things influence how much he drinks, like his mood and whether he’ll be driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another patron, Jaussi Ruotsalainen, a tourist from Finland, said he rarely drinks because he has two young kids at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That takes care of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922490/study-says-limit-alcohol-to-1-drink-a-day",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922490"
],
"categories": [
"science_3151",
"science_39",
"science_3424",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_664",
"science_5181"
],
"featImg": "science_1922496",
"label": "source_science_1922490"
},
"science_1922287": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922287",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922287",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523412600000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523412600,
"format": "standard",
"title": "70 Percent of Fruit and Vegetables in the U.S. Contain Pesticide Residue, Says Report",
"headTitle": "70 Percent of Fruit and Vegetables in the U.S. Contain Pesticide Residue, Says Report | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even after being carefully washed or peeled, nearly 70 percent of fruit and vegetables sold in the U.S. contained pesticide residues, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/summary.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a review\u003c/a> of recent tests conducted by the Department of Agriculture.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is vitally important that everyone eats plenty of produce, but it is also wise to avoid dietary exposure to toxic pesticides, from conception through childhood,” said Sonya Lunder, senior analyst with nonprofit Environmental Working Group, which conducted the analysis.[contextly_sidebar id=”O0cpPxNFGgzCXffMm7o1WNVaL4GDVESD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The reviewed data revealed a total of 230 pesticides and pesticide breakdown products in thousands of crops that were sampled.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/release/out-now-ewg-s-2018-shopper-s-guide-pesticides-produce#.Ws1HEZPwZAb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the report’s key findings: \u003c/a>mo\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">re than one-third of strawberry samples analyzed in 2016 contained 10 or more pesticide residues. M\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ore than 98 percent of apples, cherries, nectarines, peaches, potatoes, and strawberries tested positive for at least one pesticide residue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinach\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> had almost twice as much pesticide residue by weight compared to other crops. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EWG publishes a separate \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual shoppers guide\u003c/a> based on the underlying review of USDA data. The guide consists of the “Dirty Dozen,” a list of produce with high levels of pesticide residue, and the “Clean Fifteen,” a list of produce with the least residue detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Produce on the healthy list include avocados and sweet corn, which had less than one percent of pesticide residues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this year’s main report, m\u003c/span>ore than 80 percent of the following fruits and vegetables had no sign of pesticide residues: pineapples, papayas, asparagus, onions and cabbage. [contextly_sidebar id=”0Lgkj01P40FcCNzCg9DSvcfg67qFp0yS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hot peppers was added this year to the dirty dozen list after researchers found that 739 samples of hot peppers contained residues of three “highly toxic” insecticides, including a neurotoxin called chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have found that pregnant women who are exposed to high levels of chlorpyrifos have children who display \u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1003160/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lower IQ scores \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/6/e1845\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poorer mental development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to hot peppers, researchers found chlorpyrifos residue in apples, nectarines, and peaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was slated to ban the use of chlorpyrifos in foods. But incoming EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt overturned the scheduled ban.[contextly_sidebar id=”pHl5s4r9Obq1OdAQd6AvkbBBjQlK64Fy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that cooking the hot peppers typically diminishes any pesticide levels in the vegetable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EWG report also cites two studies that link \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2659557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poor fertility\u003c/a> with consuming high-residue produce. The studies, conducted by researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, looked at couples seeking treatment at a fertility clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2659557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who ate\u003c/a> two or more servings per day of high-residue produce were 26 percent less likely to have a successful pregnancy, according to the 2018 study. Researchers looked at the diets of more than 340 women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going into the study, I was positive that we would find absolutely no relation between exposure to pesticide residues and adverse reproductive outcomes,” senior author Dr. Jorge Chavarro, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/30/health/pesticides-in-food-fertility-study/index.html\">CNN. \u003c/a>“While I think we need more studies to confirm or refute our findings, I am now more willing to pay the extra money for organic apples and strawberries than I was when we started this project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate Harvard study in 2015 found that male participants who consumed high-residue produce showed poorer sperm quality. The men \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25824023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were tested\u003c/a> over an 18-month period.[contextly_sidebar id=”sazEaynRryWJ9yYri7whIak6pwM1GWG8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at pesticide residue in food, it’s consistent with a number of studies that look at diet as a source of exposure. When you switch to organic food, you find lower levels of exposure to pesticides,” said Asa Bradman, the associate director at the Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he cautions against alarmism and says that the issue is more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at government data, very few samples actually exceed the standards for exposure,” said Bradman. “There is tension between the public health folks who want people to eat healthier, and those who want to encourage people to minimize pesticide exposure. But the American diet is really not optimal and I would never want to discourage anyone from eating more fruits and vegetables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradman said in California at least, the use of more toxic pesticides has been declining for a number of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is some potential benefit to organic agriculture in terms of lower exposure rates and perhaps lower impact on the environment,” he said. “In the general agriculture sector, there’s already a movement towards a more environmentally friendly and safer food production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 795,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704928025,
"excerpt": "Researchers say its best to avoid dietary exposure to toxic pesticides from conception through childhood.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Researchers say its best to avoid dietary exposure to toxic pesticides from conception through childhood.",
"title": "70 Percent of Fruit and Vegetables in the U.S. Contain Pesticide Residue, Says Report | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "70 Percent of Fruit and Vegetables in the U.S. Contain Pesticide Residue, Says Report",
"datePublished": "2018-04-10T19:10:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:05-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "70-percent-of-fruit-and-vegetables-in-the-us-has-pesticide-residue",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Health",
"path": "/science/1922287/70-percent-of-fruit-and-vegetables-in-the-us-has-pesticide-residue",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even after being carefully washed or peeled, nearly 70 percent of fruit and vegetables sold in the U.S. contained pesticide residues, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/summary.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a review\u003c/a> of recent tests conducted by the Department of Agriculture.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is vitally important that everyone eats plenty of produce, but it is also wise to avoid dietary exposure to toxic pesticides, from conception through childhood,” said Sonya Lunder, senior analyst with nonprofit Environmental Working Group, which conducted the analysis.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The reviewed data revealed a total of 230 pesticides and pesticide breakdown products in thousands of crops that were sampled.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/release/out-now-ewg-s-2018-shopper-s-guide-pesticides-produce#.Ws1HEZPwZAb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the report’s key findings: \u003c/a>mo\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">re than one-third of strawberry samples analyzed in 2016 contained 10 or more pesticide residues. M\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ore than 98 percent of apples, cherries, nectarines, peaches, potatoes, and strawberries tested positive for at least one pesticide residue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinach\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> had almost twice as much pesticide residue by weight compared to other crops. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EWG publishes a separate \u003ca href=\"https://www.ewg.org/foodnews/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual shoppers guide\u003c/a> based on the underlying review of USDA data. The guide consists of the “Dirty Dozen,” a list of produce with high levels of pesticide residue, and the “Clean Fifteen,” a list of produce with the least residue detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Produce on the healthy list include avocados and sweet corn, which had less than one percent of pesticide residues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this year’s main report, m\u003c/span>ore than 80 percent of the following fruits and vegetables had no sign of pesticide residues: pineapples, papayas, asparagus, onions and cabbage. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hot peppers was added this year to the dirty dozen list after researchers found that 739 samples of hot peppers contained residues of three “highly toxic” insecticides, including a neurotoxin called chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have found that pregnant women who are exposed to high levels of chlorpyrifos have children who display \u003ca href=\"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1003160/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lower IQ scores \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/118/6/e1845\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poorer mental development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to hot peppers, researchers found chlorpyrifos residue in apples, nectarines, and peaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was slated to ban the use of chlorpyrifos in foods. But incoming EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt overturned the scheduled ban.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report notes that cooking the hot peppers typically diminishes any pesticide levels in the vegetable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EWG report also cites two studies that link \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2659557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poor fertility\u003c/a> with consuming high-residue produce. The studies, conducted by researchers at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, looked at couples seeking treatment at a fertility clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2659557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who ate\u003c/a> two or more servings per day of high-residue produce were 26 percent less likely to have a successful pregnancy, according to the 2018 study. Researchers looked at the diets of more than 340 women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going into the study, I was positive that we would find absolutely no relation between exposure to pesticide residues and adverse reproductive outcomes,” senior author Dr. Jorge Chavarro, told \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/30/health/pesticides-in-food-fertility-study/index.html\">CNN. \u003c/a>“While I think we need more studies to confirm or refute our findings, I am now more willing to pay the extra money for organic apples and strawberries than I was when we started this project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate Harvard study in 2015 found that male participants who consumed high-residue produce showed poorer sperm quality. The men \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25824023\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were tested\u003c/a> over an 18-month period.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at pesticide residue in food, it’s consistent with a number of studies that look at diet as a source of exposure. When you switch to organic food, you find lower levels of exposure to pesticides,” said Asa Bradman, the associate director at the Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he cautions against alarmism and says that the issue is more complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at government data, very few samples actually exceed the standards for exposure,” said Bradman. “There is tension between the public health folks who want people to eat healthier, and those who want to encourage people to minimize pesticide exposure. But the American diet is really not optimal and I would never want to discourage anyone from eating more fruits and vegetables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bradman said in California at least, the use of more toxic pesticides has been declining for a number of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is some potential benefit to organic agriculture in terms of lower exposure rates and perhaps lower impact on the environment,” he said. “In the general agriculture sector, there’s already a movement towards a more environmentally friendly and safer food production.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922287/70-percent-of-fruit-and-vegetables-in-the-us-has-pesticide-residue",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_36",
"science_39",
"science_3424",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_392",
"science_192",
"science_2833",
"science_5181",
"science_521"
],
"featImg": "science_1922303",
"label": "source_science_1922287"
},
"science_1922037": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922037",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922037",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523368875000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523368875,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California, Trump Administration Clash Over Sale of Public Lands",
"headTitle": "California, Trump Administration Clash Over Sale of Public Lands | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump Administration is suing California over a legislative hurdle that effectively prevents the federal government from selling public land to large oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department announced on April 2 plans to challenge a state law passed in 2017 that allows California the right to intervene in the sale of federal public lands.[contextly_sidebar id=”sK92V9fMLxxVMFicYKmfUA37cfBeZBmt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration is arguing the law constitutes improper state interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-lawsuit-invalidate-new-california-law-restricting-federal-land-sales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a DOJ release\u003c/a> Attorney General Jeff Sessions called the state legislation “extreme” and blasted California for causing the department to waste “valuable time and resources” in filing the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AGBecerra/status/980897241756942336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fired back on Twitter\u003c/a> the same day with, “Our public lands should not be on the auction block to the highest bidder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.slc.ca.gov/Info/SB50.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 50\u003c/a>, allows the state the right of first refusal in the sale of federal public lands, meaning the state can match the sale price that another purchaser has offered. If it chooses to forego the option, it provides the purchaser with a compliance certificate. The certificate allows the purchaser to record the transfer at the county land records office.[contextly_sidebar id=”tDvVCJXAC02E3drmXcSZGdBrMkZbdOiK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not invalidating the sale itself, the law prevents the purchaser from recording it with the land recorder’s office unless California signs off. That can impact the purchaser’s ability to sell the land or obtain a mortgage, says Eric Biber, an environmental law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not a requirement, there are important reasons for why a landowner might want to record their deed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reasons you want to record your transfer is because you don’t want to risk losing your land to a subsequent transaction on that property,” says Biber. “In addition, no bank will ever lend you money or a mortgage if you do a transfer without that land recording.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal complaint alleges that California has already intervened in multiple land sales since SB50 was passed. Among those cited include the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Army’s plan to convey public land in Alameda County to a developer for the purpose of constructing facilities. The Veterans Affairs Department in Los Angeles also wants to lease part of their land to create housing for veterans. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Legislation & the Constitution\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Legal experts say California’s law may be difficult to defend in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution’s Property Clause broadly restricts states from interfering with federal land disposal. In addition, the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that the federal law prevails over the state law if a conflict arises between the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the essence of the whole system,” says John Cary Sims, a constitutional law professor at the McGeorge School of Law. “So if the federal government says that racial segregation is illegal, then states don’t have a choice in whether they’re going to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1047936/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> complaint\u003c/a> also points to the act that formally admitted California as a state in 1850. In return for statehood, California promised not to interfere with the disposal of public lands. Several federal laws also provide for land disposal, say legal experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?’\u003ccite>John Cary Sims, Constitutional Law Professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California does not see the issue as a conflict between federal and state law, but as California’s right to control the environment. Nearly 46 percent of land in California is federally owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the SB 50 was introduced, Senator Ben Allen \u003ca href=\"http://focus.senate.ca.gov/sites/focus.senate.ca.gov/files/preserveca/SB-50_Fact-Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said it was aimed at\u003c/a> protecting California’s public lands from being sold off to the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]e have seen a drastic shift in Congress which has culminated in efforts to open federal public lands for more oil and gas exploration and to even give lands away outright to corporations or states,” said Allen. “There are significant questions about the Trump administration’s support, or lack of support, of public lands based on his appointments and their stated positions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Targeting the Buyer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome legal experts say California may have a case because of \u003cem>who\u003c/em> the law targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key thing here, at least from the state’s perspective, is that they aren’t directly regulating the sale,” says Biber. “What they’re doing stems from this concept of land recording that has existed for centuries in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will argue that they aren’t regulating the federal government, only the purchaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental law professor Richard Frank says the phrasing of the statute is a “clever attempt” to avoid preemption by focusing on the purchaser rather than the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may try to advance this argument but I’m not sure that’s a persuasive or powerful argument,” says Frank. “A federal judge might well conclude that the state of California can’t do indirectly what the state can’t do directly.”[contextly_sidebar id=”IYTR9q4Ma734TYhUCB9sivFVD2S9i0y6”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sims says it would all depend on the mechanics of the statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sims says the court might look to the historical record to see whether federal policy reflects any preference for who can buy the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California cares about who ultimately buys the land but there is no manifested federal policy that prefers one purchaser over the other, than maybe what California is doing is fine,” says Sims. “Those who happen to sit in office may care but the law may not embody any federal policy about the purchaser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain federal laws on land transfers also require federal agencies to comply with state law, says Biber.[contextly_sidebar id=”lfQGINmX1ayg6vxqxlv3Jiw0nZQJ5Vl9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That goes to the state’s second argument — they would say, ‘Sure, we are regulating you, but the law says we can.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those laws are those aimed at conservation efforts such as the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, which applies to large swathes of the California desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FLPMA in part prohibits transfers of public lands that contain restrictions that would violate “any law or regulation pursuant to state and local land use plans, or programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mantle of State’s Rights\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLegal experts point to a potential double standard, between the Trump Administration’s position in this case versus their position on federal monuments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the context of national monuments, the Trump administration has argued that the federal government has a duty to transfer federal lands to the state,” says Alex Camacho, professor of environmental law at the University of California, Irvine. “This issue of states rights has been levied by this administration to support states that fall within agreement with the Trump Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Frank says while ironic, the practice is nothing new and refers to it as “situational federalism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Republicans and Democrats both invoke states’ rights when it involves their agenda. There isn’t a whole lot of ideological purity when it comes to the issue of federalism and states rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it was then-Texas’ attorney general Greg Abbott, who during the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2013/may/10/greg-abbott/greg-abbott-says-he-has-sued-obama-administration-/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> “I go into the office, I sue the federal government and I go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pubic lands case is slated for initial hearings on August 13, 2018 in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1325,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 38
},
"modified": 1704928028,
"excerpt": "Legal experts say California's latest battle with the Trump Administration presents a novel situation.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Legal experts say California's latest battle with the Trump Administration presents a novel situation.",
"title": "California, Trump Administration Clash Over Sale of Public Lands | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California, Trump Administration Clash Over Sale of Public Lands",
"datePublished": "2018-04-10T07:01:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:08-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-trump-administration-clash-over-sale-of-public-lands",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1922037/california-trump-administration-clash-over-sale-of-public-lands",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump Administration is suing California over a legislative hurdle that effectively prevents the federal government from selling public land to large oil and gas companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department announced on April 2 plans to challenge a state law passed in 2017 that allows California the right to intervene in the sale of federal public lands.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration is arguing the law constitutes improper state interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-lawsuit-invalidate-new-california-law-restricting-federal-land-sales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a DOJ release\u003c/a> Attorney General Jeff Sessions called the state legislation “extreme” and blasted California for causing the department to waste “valuable time and resources” in filing the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AGBecerra/status/980897241756942336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fired back on Twitter\u003c/a> the same day with, “Our public lands should not be on the auction block to the highest bidder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.slc.ca.gov/Info/SB50.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 50\u003c/a>, allows the state the right of first refusal in the sale of federal public lands, meaning the state can match the sale price that another purchaser has offered. If it chooses to forego the option, it provides the purchaser with a compliance certificate. The certificate allows the purchaser to record the transfer at the county land records office.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not invalidating the sale itself, the law prevents the purchaser from recording it with the land recorder’s office unless California signs off. That can impact the purchaser’s ability to sell the land or obtain a mortgage, says Eric Biber, an environmental law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not a requirement, there are important reasons for why a landowner might want to record their deed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reasons you want to record your transfer is because you don’t want to risk losing your land to a subsequent transaction on that property,” says Biber. “In addition, no bank will ever lend you money or a mortgage if you do a transfer without that land recording.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal complaint alleges that California has already intervened in multiple land sales since SB50 was passed. Among those cited include the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Army’s plan to convey public land in Alameda County to a developer for the purpose of constructing facilities. The Veterans Affairs Department in Los Angeles also wants to lease part of their land to create housing for veterans. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Legislation & the Constitution\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Legal experts say California’s law may be difficult to defend in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution’s Property Clause broadly restricts states from interfering with federal land disposal. In addition, the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution states that the federal law prevails over the state law if a conflict arises between the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the essence of the whole system,” says John Cary Sims, a constitutional law professor at the McGeorge School of Law. “So if the federal government says that racial segregation is illegal, then states don’t have a choice in whether they’re going to comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1047936/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> complaint\u003c/a> also points to the act that formally admitted California as a state in 1850. In return for statehood, California promised not to interfere with the disposal of public lands. Several federal laws also provide for land disposal, say legal experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?’\u003ccite>John Cary Sims, Constitutional Law Professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California does not see the issue as a conflict between federal and state law, but as California’s right to control the environment. Nearly 46 percent of land in California is federally owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the SB 50 was introduced, Senator Ben Allen \u003ca href=\"http://focus.senate.ca.gov/sites/focus.senate.ca.gov/files/preserveca/SB-50_Fact-Sheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said it was aimed at\u003c/a> protecting California’s public lands from being sold off to the oil and gas industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]e have seen a drastic shift in Congress which has culminated in efforts to open federal public lands for more oil and gas exploration and to even give lands away outright to corporations or states,” said Allen. “There are significant questions about the Trump administration’s support, or lack of support, of public lands based on his appointments and their stated positions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Targeting the Buyer\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome legal experts say California may have a case because of \u003cem>who\u003c/em> the law targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key thing here, at least from the state’s perspective, is that they aren’t directly regulating the sale,” says Biber. “What they’re doing stems from this concept of land recording that has existed for centuries in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will argue that they aren’t regulating the federal government, only the purchaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental law professor Richard Frank says the phrasing of the statute is a “clever attempt” to avoid preemption by focusing on the purchaser rather than the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may try to advance this argument but I’m not sure that’s a persuasive or powerful argument,” says Frank. “A federal judge might well conclude that the state of California can’t do indirectly what the state can’t do directly.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sims says it would all depend on the mechanics of the statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it doesn’t impair the actual sale, then who cares who buys the land from the federal government’s point of view?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sims says the court might look to the historical record to see whether federal policy reflects any preference for who can buy the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California cares about who ultimately buys the land but there is no manifested federal policy that prefers one purchaser over the other, than maybe what California is doing is fine,” says Sims. “Those who happen to sit in office may care but the law may not embody any federal policy about the purchaser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain federal laws on land transfers also require federal agencies to comply with state law, says Biber.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That goes to the state’s second argument — they would say, ‘Sure, we are regulating you, but the law says we can.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those laws are those aimed at conservation efforts such as the Federal Land Policy and Management Act, which applies to large swathes of the California desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FLPMA in part prohibits transfers of public lands that contain restrictions that would violate “any law or regulation pursuant to state and local land use plans, or programs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mantle of State’s Rights\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLegal experts point to a potential double standard, between the Trump Administration’s position in this case versus their position on federal monuments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the context of national monuments, the Trump administration has argued that the federal government has a duty to transfer federal lands to the state,” says Alex Camacho, professor of environmental law at the University of California, Irvine. “This issue of states rights has been levied by this administration to support states that fall within agreement with the Trump Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Frank says while ironic, the practice is nothing new and refers to it as “situational federalism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Republicans and Democrats both invoke states’ rights when it involves their agenda. There isn’t a whole lot of ideological purity when it comes to the issue of federalism and states rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it was then-Texas’ attorney general Greg Abbott, who during the Obama administration, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2013/may/10/greg-abbott/greg-abbott-says-he-has-sued-obama-administration-/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> “I go into the office, I sue the federal government and I go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pubic lands case is slated for initial hearings on August 13, 2018 in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922037/california-trump-administration-clash-over-sale-of-public-lands",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_3424",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_192",
"science_1712",
"science_3514"
],
"featImg": "science_1922116",
"label": "source_science_1922037"
},
"science_1922241": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922241",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922241",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523314827000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523314827,
"format": "standard",
"title": "10 Teams Advance in International Carbon Dioxide Competition",
"headTitle": "10 Teams Advance in International Carbon Dioxide Competition | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A $20 million international competition to make profitable products from a gas that otherwise would contribute to global warming has entered its final stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists in the contest sponsored by a U.S. energy company and a group of Canadian oil sands producers have shown in a lab they can use carbon dioxide from power plants to potentially turn a profit making everything from concrete to methanol, an alcohol used in a range of products.[contextly_sidebar id=”ozexLDEtLHzrUKaHmWU2485uuX4uP10b”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists announced Monday — from India, China, Scotland, Canada and the U.S. — will collect $5 million in prize money, or $500,000 apiece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teams also get the chance to put their ideas to work using much larger volumes of CO2 obtained from actual power plant emissions. The 1 metric ton of CO2 they will need to use daily is 10 times more than they had to demonstrate in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ton is still only about 1 percent of a power plant’s daily output of CO2. But the competition is more about inspiring than immediate solutions to climate change, said Marcius Extavour, senior director of energy and resources for the XPRIZE Foundation organizing the contest.[contextly_sidebar id=”FR5pE3YPpyk9SubIfy2pa6aUReRbVgOs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about opening people’s minds and really demonstrating what is possible,” Extavour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five of the finalists will compete to make use of actual flue gases from a Wyoming coal-fired power plant. The other five will compete at a gas-fired power plant in Alberta, Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting this summer, they will have a year to practice at the plants before data collection for competition begins. The two winners, one at each site, will each collect a $7.5 million grand prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemistry is why the competition has two tracks. Carbon dioxide concentrations at the Wyoming Integrated Test Center, a new research facility at the Dry Fork Station coal-fired power plant near Gillette, are about double those at the Alberta Carbon Conversion Technology Centre, a new research facility at the Shepard Energy Centre gas-fired power plant in Calgary, Alberta.[contextly_sidebar id=”VBJ5NyD2v8hkuy5uJzZ6c211OG4H21M6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists scored highest among 20 semifinalists on how much CO2 they could put to use, as well as the value of their products. Making concrete, for example, scores high on volume but not product value, while making relatively small amounts of pricey carbon fiber scores low on volume but high on value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists include C2CNT, a team from Ashburn, Virginia, making carbon nanotubes, and CarbonCure, of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, which already has been using carbon dioxide on a commercial scale to chemically create limestone in concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CarbonCure works with almost 100 concrete plants in the U.S. and Canada but gets its CO2 from a variety of sources, said Jennifer Wagner, CarbonCure’s XPRIZE team leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the technology works. We know there is an environmental benefit and an economic benefit to the concrete producers,” Wagner said. “What we need to show for the purposes of the XPRIZE is that technology can score the highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides saving concrete producers money, the process can potentially reduce demand for cement from plants that are responsible for up to 5 percent of the world’s CO2 emissions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The competition is sponsored by NRG Energy and Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance. XPRIZE is an organizer of technological innovation contests including one that awarded $10 million for the first private organization to launch a manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 604,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704928030,
"excerpt": "A $20 million competition to make profitable products from a greenhouse gas is down to 10 finalists.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A $20 million competition to make profitable products from a greenhouse gas is down to 10 finalists.",
"title": "10 Teams Advance in International Carbon Dioxide Competition | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "10 Teams Advance in International Carbon Dioxide Competition",
"datePublished": "2018-04-09T16:00:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:10-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "10-teams-advance-in-international-carbon-dioxide-competition",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Mead Gruver\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1922241/10-teams-advance-in-international-carbon-dioxide-competition",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A $20 million international competition to make profitable products from a gas that otherwise would contribute to global warming has entered its final stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists in the contest sponsored by a U.S. energy company and a group of Canadian oil sands producers have shown in a lab they can use carbon dioxide from power plants to potentially turn a profit making everything from concrete to methanol, an alcohol used in a range of products.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists announced Monday — from India, China, Scotland, Canada and the U.S. — will collect $5 million in prize money, or $500,000 apiece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teams also get the chance to put their ideas to work using much larger volumes of CO2 obtained from actual power plant emissions. The 1 metric ton of CO2 they will need to use daily is 10 times more than they had to demonstrate in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ton is still only about 1 percent of a power plant’s daily output of CO2. But the competition is more about inspiring than immediate solutions to climate change, said Marcius Extavour, senior director of energy and resources for the XPRIZE Foundation organizing the contest.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about opening people’s minds and really demonstrating what is possible,” Extavour said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five of the finalists will compete to make use of actual flue gases from a Wyoming coal-fired power plant. The other five will compete at a gas-fired power plant in Alberta, Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting this summer, they will have a year to practice at the plants before data collection for competition begins. The two winners, one at each site, will each collect a $7.5 million grand prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chemistry is why the competition has two tracks. Carbon dioxide concentrations at the Wyoming Integrated Test Center, a new research facility at the Dry Fork Station coal-fired power plant near Gillette, are about double those at the Alberta Carbon Conversion Technology Centre, a new research facility at the Shepard Energy Centre gas-fired power plant in Calgary, Alberta.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 finalists scored highest among 20 semifinalists on how much CO2 they could put to use, as well as the value of their products. Making concrete, for example, scores high on volume but not product value, while making relatively small amounts of pricey carbon fiber scores low on volume but high on value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finalists include C2CNT, a team from Ashburn, Virginia, making carbon nanotubes, and CarbonCure, of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, which already has been using carbon dioxide on a commercial scale to chemically create limestone in concrete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CarbonCure works with almost 100 concrete plants in the U.S. and Canada but gets its CO2 from a variety of sources, said Jennifer Wagner, CarbonCure’s XPRIZE team leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the technology works. We know there is an environmental benefit and an economic benefit to the concrete producers,” Wagner said. “What we need to show for the purposes of the XPRIZE is that technology can score the highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides saving concrete producers money, the process can potentially reduce demand for cement from plants that are responsible for up to 5 percent of the world’s CO2 emissions, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The competition is sponsored by NRG Energy and Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance. XPRIZE is an organizer of technological innovation contests including one that awarded $10 million for the first private organization to launch a manned spacecraft into space twice within two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922241/10-teams-advance-in-international-carbon-dioxide-competition",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922241"
],
"categories": [
"science_29",
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1404",
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_2164",
"science_554",
"science_309"
],
"featImg": "science_1922244",
"label": "source_science_1922241"
},
"science_1922099": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922099",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922099",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1522941049000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1522941049,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides",
"headTitle": "Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides | KQED",
"content": "\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>Scientists in Antarctica have harvested their first crop of vegetables grown without earth, daylight or pesticides as part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Germany’s Neumayer Station III say they’ve picked 8 pounds of salad greens, 18 cucumbers and 70 radishes grown inside a high-tech greenhouse as temperatures outside dropped below -4 Fahrenheit.[contextly_sidebar id=”2wg6PO03zcv7nxs4zNB3HrqWtg1KflMX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German Aerospace Center DLR, which coordinates the project, said Thursday that by May scientists hope to harvest 4-5 kilograms of fruit and vegetables a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA has successfully grown greens on the International Space Station, DLR’s Daniel Schubert says the Antarctic project aims to produce a wider range of vegetables that might one day be grown on Mars or the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_66467 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 140,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 6
},
"modified": 1704928037,
"excerpt": "The harvest is part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The harvest is part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.",
"title": "Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Vegetables Harvested in Antarctica Without Sun, Soil, or Pesticides",
"datePublished": "2018-04-05T08:10:49-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:17-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-harvest-vegetables-in-antarctica-without-sun-soil-or-pesticides",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1922099/scientists-harvest-vegetables-in-antarctica-without-sun-soil-or-pesticides",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>Scientists in Antarctica have harvested their first crop of vegetables grown without earth, daylight or pesticides as part of a project designed to help astronauts cultivate fresh food on other planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Germany’s Neumayer Station III say they’ve picked 8 pounds of salad greens, 18 cucumbers and 70 radishes grown inside a high-tech greenhouse as temperatures outside dropped below -4 Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The German Aerospace Center DLR, which coordinates the project, said Thursday that by May scientists hope to harvest 4-5 kilograms of fruit and vegetables a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA has successfully grown greens on the International Space Station, DLR’s Daniel Schubert says the Antarctic project aims to produce a wider range of vegetables that might one day be grown on Mars or the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_66467 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_66467\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922099/scientists-harvest-vegetables-in-antarctica-without-sun-soil-or-pesticides",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922099"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_36",
"science_3151",
"science_39",
"science_3424",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_192",
"science_2824",
"science_1097",
"science_1201",
"science_934"
],
"featImg": "science_1922101",
"label": "source_science_1922099"
},
"science_1922025": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1922025",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1922025",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1522783081000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1522783081,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Feds Target Unique Waiver That Allows California to Steer Emissions Limits",
"headTitle": "Feds Target Unique Waiver That Allows California to Steer Emissions Limits | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scott Pruitt, administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, turned his sights this week on a nearly half-century-old federal waiver that allows California to pursue its own, tough tailpipe emission standards, and allows other states to opt in to California’s standards rather than federal ones if they choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waiver has allowed California, the U.S. state with the most people and the biggest economy, to steer the rest of nation toward tougher limits on car and truck emissions that pollute the air and change the climate.[contextly_sidebar id=”kYiX9Yy6kOaTLV1xzkFzRsqTmkFo9o8n”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt said this week the agency will work with all states, including California, to set new pollution and mileage standards for gas- and diesel-powered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at California’s unique waiver from federal emissions standards for cars, why it matters to the rest of the country, and what could happen if the Trump administration moves against California’s ability to set its own vehicle-emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A combination of climate, geography and a lot of cars and trucks has given California some of the worst smog in the country, especially in the Los Angeles basin and other inland valleys. To fight that, California has regulated vehicle-tailpipe emissions since before 1970, when the EPA and the federal Clean Air Act came into force. Because of that, Congress wrote an exemption into the landmark Clean Air Act: California could seek waivers to set its own limits for pollutants from cars as long as its rules were at least as tough as federal standards. Since then, Democratic and Republican administrations have renewed California’s waiver dozens of times. A Trump administration challenge would revive an abortive 2007 effort by the Bush administration to block California’s power to set its own emissions rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does the Waiver Matter?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>While California’s waiver is unique, at least 12 other states in the Northeast and elsewhere have chosen to opt into the tougher tailpipe emissions standards that California sets. That means up to 40 percent of cars on the road nationwide follow California’s emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gasoline and diesel exhaust is a main source of pollutants and gases that endanger public health and are changing the climate. California Gov. Jerry Brown, a Democrat, wants to reduce the state’s climate-changing greenhouse-gas emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Receiving continued federal waivers for progressively tougher state emissions standards will be a critical part of that.[contextly_sidebar id=”LLlksREiLTb7Uw9l5MEKa7ouFx7mppmb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the federal and California standards are the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some car manufacturers and conservative groups want the EPA to roll back federal controls on greenhouse-gas emissions from vehicles, arguing for a single emission standard set by the federal government. That makes the question of whether California’s waiver survives still more critical nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens if the Trump Administration Moves Against the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>California officials have vowed to fight to preserve the state’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ready to file suit if needed to protect these critical standards and to fight the Administration’s war on our environment,” California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Monday in a statement. “California didn’t become the sixth-largest economy in the world by spectating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration would have a tough fight legally if it tries to revoke California’s waiver outright, especially since it’s stood for nearly a half-century, said Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would have “somewhat less of a powerful argument” legally, however, if the Trump administration refuses to renew the waiver the next time the state comes before the EPA with a plan to tighten state emissions rules, Frank said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President George W. Bush’s administration made its own move against California’s unique say on emissions standards in 2007, for the first time denying California its waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before courts could decide the matter conclusively, the Obama administration reversed that waiver denial in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 700,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704928042,
"excerpt": "Here’s a look at the unique waiver and what may happen if the Trump admin. moves against California.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Here’s a look at the unique waiver and what may happen if the Trump admin. moves against California.",
"title": "Feds Target Unique Waiver That Allows California to Steer Emissions Limits | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Feds Target Unique Waiver That Allows California to Steer Emissions Limits",
"datePublished": "2018-04-03T12:18:01-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:07:22-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "feds-target-unique-waiver-that-allows-california-to-set-emissions-limits",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate",
"path": "/science/1922025/feds-target-unique-waiver-that-allows-california-to-set-emissions-limits",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scott Pruitt, administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, turned his sights this week on a nearly half-century-old federal waiver that allows California to pursue its own, tough tailpipe emission standards, and allows other states to opt in to California’s standards rather than federal ones if they choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The waiver has allowed California, the U.S. state with the most people and the biggest economy, to steer the rest of nation toward tougher limits on car and truck emissions that pollute the air and change the climate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt said this week the agency will work with all states, including California, to set new pollution and mileage standards for gas- and diesel-powered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a look at California’s unique waiver from federal emissions standards for cars, why it matters to the rest of the country, and what could happen if the Trump administration moves against California’s ability to set its own vehicle-emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A combination of climate, geography and a lot of cars and trucks has given California some of the worst smog in the country, especially in the Los Angeles basin and other inland valleys. To fight that, California has regulated vehicle-tailpipe emissions since before 1970, when the EPA and the federal Clean Air Act came into force. Because of that, Congress wrote an exemption into the landmark Clean Air Act: California could seek waivers to set its own limits for pollutants from cars as long as its rules were at least as tough as federal standards. Since then, Democratic and Republican administrations have renewed California’s waiver dozens of times. A Trump administration challenge would revive an abortive 2007 effort by the Bush administration to block California’s power to set its own emissions rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does the Waiver Matter?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>While California’s waiver is unique, at least 12 other states in the Northeast and elsewhere have chosen to opt into the tougher tailpipe emissions standards that California sets. That means up to 40 percent of cars on the road nationwide follow California’s emissions standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gasoline and diesel exhaust is a main source of pollutants and gases that endanger public health and are changing the climate. California Gov. Jerry Brown, a Democrat, wants to reduce the state’s climate-changing greenhouse-gas emissions 40 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. Receiving continued federal waivers for progressively tougher state emissions standards will be a critical part of that.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the federal and California standards are the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some car manufacturers and conservative groups want the EPA to roll back federal controls on greenhouse-gas emissions from vehicles, arguing for a single emission standard set by the federal government. That makes the question of whether California’s waiver survives still more critical nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens if the Trump Administration Moves Against the Waiver?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>California officials have vowed to fight to preserve the state’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ready to file suit if needed to protect these critical standards and to fight the Administration’s war on our environment,” California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said Monday in a statement. “California didn’t become the sixth-largest economy in the world by spectating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration would have a tough fight legally if it tries to revoke California’s waiver outright, especially since it’s stood for nearly a half-century, said Richard Frank, director of the California Environmental Law and Policy Center at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California would have “somewhat less of a powerful argument” legally, however, if the Trump administration refuses to renew the waiver the next time the state comes before the EPA with a plan to tighten state emissions rules, Frank said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President George W. Bush’s administration made its own move against California’s unique say on emissions standards in 2007, for the first time denying California its waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before courts could decide the matter conclusively, the Obama administration reversed that waiver denial in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1922025/feds-target-unique-waiver-that-allows-california-to-set-emissions-limits",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1922025"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2948",
"science_5178",
"science_182",
"science_192",
"science_2080",
"science_3329",
"science_554"
],
"featImg": "science_1922032",
"label": "source_science_1922025"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=health": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 564,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1299,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1923141",
"science_1923166",
"science_1923001",
"science_1922959",
"science_1919474",
"science_1922677",
"science_1922490",
"science_1922287",
"science_1922037",
"science_1922241",
"science_1922099",
"science_1922025"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_health": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"source_science_1923141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1923141",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1923166": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1923166",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1923001": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1923001",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922959": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922959",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1919474": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1919474",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922677": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922677",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922490": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922490",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922287": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922287",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922037": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922037",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922241": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922241",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922099": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922099",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1922025": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1922025",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_856": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_856",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "856",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bay area",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bay area Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 862,
"slug": "bay-area",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/bay-area"
},
"science_5178": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5178",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5178",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5178,
"slug": "california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_1189": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1189",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1189",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "plastic",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "plastic Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1198,
"slug": "plastic",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/plastic"
},
"science_554": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_554",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "554",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 560,
"slug": "pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pollution"
},
"science_269": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_269",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "269",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "recycling",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "recycling Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 273,
"slug": "recycling",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/recycling"
},
"science_3424": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3424",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3424",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future of You Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3424,
"slug": "kqed-future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/kqed-future-of-you"
},
"science_2918": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2918",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2918",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "medicine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "medicine Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2918,
"slug": "medicine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/medicine"
},
"science_3543": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3543",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3543",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "research",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "research Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3543,
"slug": "research",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/research"
},
"science_1754": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1754",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1754",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environmental justice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environmental justice Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1764,
"slug": "environmental-justice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environmental-justice"
},
"science_2209": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2209",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2209",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environmental Protection Agency",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environmental Protection Agency Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2221,
"slug": "environmental-protection-agency",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environmental-protection-agency"
},
"science_3322": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3322",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3322",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Trump",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Trump Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3322,
"slug": "trump",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/trump"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_309": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_309",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "309",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "science Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 314,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/science"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"science_505": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_505",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "505",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air pollution Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 511,
"slug": "air-pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/air-pollution"
},
"science_813": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_813",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "813",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "news",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "news Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 820,
"slug": "news-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/news-2"
},
"science_381": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_381",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "381",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "toxics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "toxics Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 387,
"slug": "toxics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/toxics"
},
"science_3532": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3532",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3532",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "West Oakland",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "West Oakland Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3532,
"slug": "west-oakland",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/west-oakland"
},
"science_3151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Future of You Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3151,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/future-of-you"
},
"science_374": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_374",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "374",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cancer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cancer Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 380,
"slug": "cancer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/cancer"
},
"science_664": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_664",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "664",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "disease",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "disease Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 670,
"slug": "disease",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/disease"
},
"science_5181": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5181",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5181",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5181,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/health"
},
"science_3153": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3153",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3153",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "study",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "study Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3153,
"slug": "study",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/study"
},
"science_36": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_36",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "36",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 38,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/food"
},
"science_392": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_392",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "392",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "agriculture",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "agriculture Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 398,
"slug": "agriculture",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/agriculture"
},
"science_2833": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2833",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2833",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "farms",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "farms Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2833,
"slug": "farms",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/farms"
},
"science_521": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_521",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "521",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pesticides",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pesticides Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 527,
"slug": "pesticides",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pesticides"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_1712": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1712",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1712",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "oil and gas production",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "oil and gas production Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1722,
"slug": "oil-and-gas-production",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/oil-and-gas-production"
},
"science_3514": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3514",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3514",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Trump Administration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Trump Administration Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3514,
"slug": "trump-administration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/trump-administration"
},
"science_29": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_29",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "29",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 31,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/chemistry"
},
"science_1404": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1404",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1404",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "carbon dioxide",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "carbon dioxide Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1413,
"slug": "carbon-dioxide",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/carbon-dioxide"
},
"science_2164": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2164",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2164",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse gas emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse gas emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2175,
"slug": "greenhouse-gas-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-gas-emissions"
},
"science_2824": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2824",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2824",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pesticide",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pesticide Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2824,
"slug": "pesticide",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pesticide"
},
"science_1097": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1097",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1097",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Plants",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Plants Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1105,
"slug": "plants",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/plants"
},
"science_1201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "soil",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "soil Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1210,
"slug": "soil",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/soil"
},
"science_934": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_934",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "934",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sun",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sun Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 941,
"slug": "sun",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sun"
},
"science_2948": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2948",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2948",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "automobiles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "automobiles Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2948,
"slug": "automobiles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/automobiles"
},
"science_2080": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2080",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2080",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "EPA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "EPA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2091,
"slug": "epa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/epa"
},
"science_3329": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3329",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3329",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fuel efficiency",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fuel efficiency Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3329,
"slug": "fuel-efficiency",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fuel-efficiency"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
