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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. today rejected California’s legal challenge to the Trump administration’s plans to ease decades-old air quality regulations for power plants, oil refineries, steel mills, and other large industrial sources of toxic air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the court’s decision is not a total loss for the state, and California’s attorney general is vowing further challenges to the environmental deregulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal tussle began with a 2018 federal Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/reducing-regulatory-burdens-epa-withdraws-once-always-policy-major-sources-under-clean\">memo\u003c/a> detailing a new interpretation of the Clean Air Act and rolling back a policy that regulates the country’s largest polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courts said Tuesday that the memo isn’t the EPA’s final rule, so California cannot challenge it in court. But that also means that the EPA cannot enforce it as a regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 25, EPA officials \u003ca href=\"https://media.squirepattonboggs.com/pdf/blog/frESH_Law/Proposed-reclassification-rule.pdf\">proposed\u003c/a> formally codifying the memo. The court’s decision to spike California’s lawsuit ensures that this fight between California and the Trump administration will continue around that proceeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra brought the lawsuit. He argued that the rule change runs counter to the intention of the Clean Air Act and would \u003ca href=\"https://eelp.law.harvard.edu/2018/02/once-in-always-in-guidance-for-major-sources-under-the-clean-air-act/\">risk\u003c/a> Californians’ health by adding hundreds of tons of toxic air pollution each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, a representative from Becerra’s office called the Trump administration’s plan “wrong and dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California’s top lawyers review the legal opinion, they will submit comments on the EPA’s proposed rule and “take any and all legal action as needed,” the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our work is not over,” it concluded. “We will continue to advocate for strong regulatory programs that protect the public and the environment from harmful air toxics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA policy established in 1995 that any facility considered a major source of toxins in the air remains subject to strict regulations, even after its operators install pollution controls. For this reason, lawyers call it the “once in, always in” rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously under the Clean Air Act, federal regulators consider a power plant, for example, a “major” source of pollution if it has the capacity to spew 10 tons a year of any individual cancer causing or health threatening \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/haps/initial-list-hazardous-air-pollutants-modifications\">pollutant\u003c/a>, or 25 tons each year of a combination of toxins, including lead and benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration proposed eliminating the rule, saying that by allowing more lenient regulations, it intended to reward companies for investing in technology that reduces air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased with the Court’s decision,” EPA spokeswoman Melissa Sullivan said in an email. “As a general matter, EPA will continue to provide regulatory relief and environmental protection while abiding by the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Wehrum, former assistant administrator of EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation, wrote the memo proposing the rule change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wehrum, a former fossil fuel industry attorney, has \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26062019/bill-wehrum-resigns-epa-fossil-fuel-industry-influence-climate-change-air-pollution-auto-standards-deregulation\">resigned\u003c/a> from the EPA. Congress was investigating his alleged contacts with former clients that could benefit from the EPA’s deregulation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court in Washington, D.C. today rejected California’s legal challenge to the Trump administration’s plans to ease decades-old air quality regulations for power plants, oil refineries, steel mills, and other large industrial sources of toxic air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the court’s decision is not a total loss for the state, and California’s attorney general is vowing further challenges to the environmental deregulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal tussle began with a 2018 federal Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/reducing-regulatory-burdens-epa-withdraws-once-always-policy-major-sources-under-clean\">memo\u003c/a> detailing a new interpretation of the Clean Air Act and rolling back a policy that regulates the country’s largest polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courts said Tuesday that the memo isn’t the EPA’s final rule, so California cannot challenge it in court. But that also means that the EPA cannot enforce it as a regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 25, EPA officials \u003ca href=\"https://media.squirepattonboggs.com/pdf/blog/frESH_Law/Proposed-reclassification-rule.pdf\">proposed\u003c/a> formally codifying the memo. The court’s decision to spike California’s lawsuit ensures that this fight between California and the Trump administration will continue around that proceeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra brought the lawsuit. He argued that the rule change runs counter to the intention of the Clean Air Act and would \u003ca href=\"https://eelp.law.harvard.edu/2018/02/once-in-always-in-guidance-for-major-sources-under-the-clean-air-act/\">risk\u003c/a> Californians’ health by adding hundreds of tons of toxic air pollution each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, a representative from Becerra’s office called the Trump administration’s plan “wrong and dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California’s top lawyers review the legal opinion, they will submit comments on the EPA’s proposed rule and “take any and all legal action as needed,” the statement read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our work is not over,” it concluded. “We will continue to advocate for strong regulatory programs that protect the public and the environment from harmful air toxics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA policy established in 1995 that any facility considered a major source of toxins in the air remains subject to strict regulations, even after its operators install pollution controls. For this reason, lawyers call it the “once in, always in” rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously under the Clean Air Act, federal regulators consider a power plant, for example, a “major” source of pollution if it has the capacity to spew 10 tons a year of any individual cancer causing or health threatening \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/haps/initial-list-hazardous-air-pollutants-modifications\">pollutant\u003c/a>, or 25 tons each year of a combination of toxins, including lead and benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration proposed eliminating the rule, saying that by allowing more lenient regulations, it intended to reward companies for investing in technology that reduces air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased with the Court’s decision,” EPA spokeswoman Melissa Sullivan said in an email. “As a general matter, EPA will continue to provide regulatory relief and environmental protection while abiding by the rule of law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Wehrum, former assistant administrator of EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation, wrote the memo proposing the rule change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wehrum, a former fossil fuel industry attorney, has \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26062019/bill-wehrum-resigns-epa-fossil-fuel-industry-influence-climate-change-air-pollution-auto-standards-deregulation\">resigned\u003c/a> from the EPA. Congress was investigating his alleged contacts with former clients that could benefit from the EPA’s deregulation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "“Wakefulness” Part of the Brain Attacked First in Alzheimer’s, Study Says",
"headTitle": "“Wakefulness” Part of the Brain Attacked First in Alzheimer’s, Study Says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>People who donate their bodies to science might never have dreamed what information lies deep within their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when that information has to do with sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists used to believe that people who napped a lot were at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. But Lea Grinberg with the UCSF Memory and Aging Center started to wonder if “risk” was too light a term — what if, instead, napping indicated an early stage of Alzheimer’s?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a decade ago, Grinberg — a neuropathologist and associate professor — was working with her team to map a protein called tau in donated brains. Some of their data, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(19)34081-6/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last week\u003c/a>, revealed drastic differences between healthy brains and those from Alzheimer’s patients in the parts of the brain responsible for wakefulness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946582\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946582\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-800x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-800x560.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-768x538.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-1020x715.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-1200x841.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lea Grinberg uses a program that takes a microscope’s magnification of brain tissue on a slide and projects it on a computer screen on August 15, 2019. The different colors represent different biological features in the brain tissue sample, including neurons and tau protein. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wakefulness centers in the brain showed the buildup of tau — a protein that clogs neurons, Grinberg says, and lets debris accumulate. Gradually, these clogged neurons die. Some areas of the diseased brains had lost as much as 75% of their neurons. That may have led to the excessive napping scientists had observed before. Although the team only studied brains from 13 Alzheimer’s patients and 7 healthy individuals, Grinberg says that the degeneration caused by Alzheimer’s was so profound they were sure of its significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are kind of changing our understanding of what Alzheimer’s disease is,” she says. “It’s not only a memory problem, but it’s a problem in the brain that causes many other symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although these symptoms aren’t as severe as complete loss of memory or motor functions, Grinberg says they can still hold real consequences for a person’s quality of life. “Because if you don’t sleep well every day and if you… are not in the mood to do things like you were before, it’s very disappointing, right? My grandparents were like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grinberg says it’s important to know whether napping could be an early sign of Alzheimer’s, for treating symptoms and developing drugs that could slow the progression of the disease. Although there are no prescription drugs available to treat tau buildup, she says, a few are in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946586\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-768x551.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-1200x861.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lea Grinberg holds boxes filled with samples of brain tissue for study on August 15, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A public health professor and neuroscientist at UC Berkeley says the new information offers hope to researchers. William Jagust, who has studied Alzheimer’s for over 30 years, says the results could help select patients for clinical trials of new drugs that require early treatment. “It’s also just very important for understanding the evolution of Alzheimer’s disease with the hope that we eventually \u003cem>will\u003c/em> have a drug,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll be awhile before doctors can diagnose anyone with Alzheimer’s based on how often they doze off. “There’s no practical application of this to clinical medicine as of today,” Jagust says, “but I think it’s on the cutting edge of the very, very important questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People who donate their bodies to science might never have dreamed what information lies deep within their brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when that information has to do with sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists used to believe that people who napped a lot were at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease. But Lea Grinberg with the UCSF Memory and Aging Center started to wonder if “risk” was too light a term — what if, instead, napping indicated an early stage of Alzheimer’s?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a decade ago, Grinberg — a neuropathologist and associate professor — was working with her team to map a protein called tau in donated brains. Some of their data, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/article/S1552-5260(19)34081-6/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last week\u003c/a>, revealed drastic differences between healthy brains and those from Alzheimer’s patients in the parts of the brain responsible for wakefulness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946582\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946582\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-800x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-800x560.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-768x538.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-1020x715.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006-1200x841.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_006.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lea Grinberg uses a program that takes a microscope’s magnification of brain tissue on a slide and projects it on a computer screen on August 15, 2019. The different colors represent different biological features in the brain tissue sample, including neurons and tau protein. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wakefulness centers in the brain showed the buildup of tau — a protein that clogs neurons, Grinberg says, and lets debris accumulate. Gradually, these clogged neurons die. Some areas of the diseased brains had lost as much as 75% of their neurons. That may have led to the excessive napping scientists had observed before. Although the team only studied brains from 13 Alzheimer’s patients and 7 healthy individuals, Grinberg says that the degeneration caused by Alzheimer’s was so profound they were sure of its significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are kind of changing our understanding of what Alzheimer’s disease is,” she says. “It’s not only a memory problem, but it’s a problem in the brain that causes many other symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although these symptoms aren’t as severe as complete loss of memory or motor functions, Grinberg says they can still hold real consequences for a person’s quality of life. “Because if you don’t sleep well every day and if you… are not in the mood to do things like you were before, it’s very disappointing, right? My grandparents were like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grinberg says it’s important to know whether napping could be an early sign of Alzheimer’s, for treating symptoms and developing drugs that could slow the progression of the disease. Although there are no prescription drugs available to treat tau buildup, she says, a few are in clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946586\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-768x551.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002-1200x861.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Brains_002.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lea Grinberg holds boxes filled with samples of brain tissue for study on August 15, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A public health professor and neuroscientist at UC Berkeley says the new information offers hope to researchers. William Jagust, who has studied Alzheimer’s for over 30 years, says the results could help select patients for clinical trials of new drugs that require early treatment. “It’s also just very important for understanding the evolution of Alzheimer’s disease with the hope that we eventually \u003cem>will\u003c/em> have a drug,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’ll be awhile before doctors can diagnose anyone with Alzheimer’s based on how often they doze off. “There’s no practical application of this to clinical medicine as of today,” Jagust says, “but I think it’s on the cutting edge of the very, very important questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last week, the Trump Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872729/changes-to-endangered-species-act-weaken-wildlife-protections\">weakened\u003c/a> the Endangered Species Act with the broadest changes to the bedrock environmental law in decades.[aside postID=science_1946454,science_1946394]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s new rules make it harder to consider the future impacts of climate change when officials consider whether a species is threatened and should be placed on the endangered species list. It also introduces a factor the existing law never did, intended to calculate the economic impact of protecting a species. Indeed, the Endangered Species Act had expressly forbidden agencies from taking economic considerations into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a call with reporters, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra promised he’d take the federal government to court over this. He added that California goes to court against the Trump administration only when state officials deem it “necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Becerra may not sue over each of Trump’s actions, it certainly \u003cem>seems\u003c/em> that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 24 hours after he promised legal action over endangered species, Becerra gathered reporters again to announce that California is suing the Trump administration over another environmental law, a rollback of Obama-era rules to reduce pollution from power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest suit over the Clean Power Plan raises to 27 the number of times that Becerra has sued the Trump administration over an environmental issue. A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/03/becerra-v-trump-california-using-courts-fight-administration/\">tracker\u003c/a> by the nonprofit, nonpartisan news site CalMatters keeps a running tally. That’s almost as many as all other lawsuits he’s filed against the administration, at least 29 in total, on subjects ranging from immigration to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946566\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 541px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946566 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/RS22958_GettyImages-584444536-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/RS22958_GettyImages-584444536-sfi.jpg 541w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/RS22958_GettyImages-584444536-sfi-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Obama’s policy mandated that states curb pollution from power plants and aimed to reduce U.S. power sector emissions 32 percent below 2005 levels by 2030, but it also allowed states to carve out their own plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler often criticized the Obama policy, saying it would require Americans pay more for energy. Under his plan, the Affordable Clean Energy rule, the agency will still regulate emissions by drastically lowering the bar to about a percent by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are top takeaways about how the new federal policies will affect California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists Are Concerned About Biodiversity and Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The media focus lots of attention on megafauna— the grizzlies, the bald eagles, the California condor. But in this state, more plants are threatened than animals. And many scientists say their main concern is biodiversity; California has more endangered species than any state except Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California’s old growth forests, for example, the redwoods and Douglas fir are habitat for a lot of threatened critters. Their threatened status extends protections to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Central Coast, specific \u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/Arctostaphylos-refugioensis-(Refugio-Manzanita)?srchcr=sc5627ff4e616af\">manzanita\u003c/a> face pressures from wildfire. So the use of climate data becomes very important in accurate analyses of the trees’ status and the threats to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a complete change from the existing law, the Trump administration proposes that agencies conduct economic analyses and release them to the public. At the same time, the administration’s proposal says agencies won’t use that analysis in determining whether to list a species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Will the New Rules Affect California? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California maintains strong environmental laws, but animals don’t care about state boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered grey wolf, for example, walked into California from Oregon. Laws in California protect the wolf, but the animal loses those protections if it walks into another state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, California’s strong emissions laws known as the Clean Power Plan don’t extend into other states. This state is part of a regional grid system, and coal-burning plants operate in neighboring Nevada and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of California’s land is public. Some of it is managed by the Federal Bureau of Land Management or the Forest Service. The military manages others — Camp Pendleton and China Lake Naval Air Station, for example. An endangered species doesn’t know whether it’s on military, state or private land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How a New State Law Might Cover the Gap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra promised that California would push back against federal environmental deregulation through any and all means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Legislature is considering a bill, SB 1, under which any federal environmental or worker safety standard in place and effective when President Trump took office would remain enforceable under California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill in the Assembly Appropriations Committee would apply to the Clean Power Plan and the Endangered Species Act. It has passed out of the Senate and must move out of the committee by August 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why All the Lawsuits Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming presidential election is the reason for the rapid-fire pace of the lawsuits. The Trump administration wants to see all of these legal questions answered by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Democrats beat Trump, the new president may reverse the executive orders. If Trump wins, the administration wants to begin its second term with the legal disputes settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits over the Endangered Species Act and the Clean Power Plan are going to be heard either by the U.S. Supreme Court or by a panel of judges at the D.C. Circuit Court.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s new rules make it harder to consider the future impacts of climate change when officials consider whether a species is threatened and should be placed on the endangered species list. It also introduces a factor the existing law never did, intended to calculate the economic impact of protecting a species. Indeed, the Endangered Species Act had expressly forbidden agencies from taking economic considerations into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a call with reporters, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra promised he’d take the federal government to court over this. He added that California goes to court against the Trump administration only when state officials deem it “necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Becerra may not sue over each of Trump’s actions, it certainly \u003cem>seems\u003c/em> that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 24 hours after he promised legal action over endangered species, Becerra gathered reporters again to announce that California is suing the Trump administration over another environmental law, a rollback of Obama-era rules to reduce pollution from power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest suit over the Clean Power Plan raises to 27 the number of times that Becerra has sued the Trump administration over an environmental issue. A \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2018/03/becerra-v-trump-california-using-courts-fight-administration/\">tracker\u003c/a> by the nonprofit, nonpartisan news site CalMatters keeps a running tally. That’s almost as many as all other lawsuits he’s filed against the administration, at least 29 in total, on subjects ranging from immigration to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946566\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 541px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946566 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/RS22958_GettyImages-584444536-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"541\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/RS22958_GettyImages-584444536-sfi.jpg 541w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/RS22958_GettyImages-584444536-sfi-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 541px) 100vw, 541px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Obama’s policy mandated that states curb pollution from power plants and aimed to reduce U.S. power sector emissions 32 percent below 2005 levels by 2030, but it also allowed states to carve out their own plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler often criticized the Obama policy, saying it would require Americans pay more for energy. Under his plan, the Affordable Clean Energy rule, the agency will still regulate emissions by drastically lowering the bar to about a percent by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are top takeaways about how the new federal policies will affect California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists Are Concerned About Biodiversity and Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The media focus lots of attention on megafauna— the grizzlies, the bald eagles, the California condor. But in this state, more plants are threatened than animals. And many scientists say their main concern is biodiversity; California has more endangered species than any state except Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California’s old growth forests, for example, the redwoods and Douglas fir are habitat for a lot of threatened critters. Their threatened status extends protections to the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the Central Coast, specific \u003ca href=\"https://calscape.org/Arctostaphylos-refugioensis-(Refugio-Manzanita)?srchcr=sc5627ff4e616af\">manzanita\u003c/a> face pressures from wildfire. So the use of climate data becomes very important in accurate analyses of the trees’ status and the threats to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a complete change from the existing law, the Trump administration proposes that agencies conduct economic analyses and release them to the public. At the same time, the administration’s proposal says agencies won’t use that analysis in determining whether to list a species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Will the New Rules Affect California? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California maintains strong environmental laws, but animals don’t care about state boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered grey wolf, for example, walked into California from Oregon. Laws in California protect the wolf, but the animal loses those protections if it walks into another state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, California’s strong emissions laws known as the Clean Power Plan don’t extend into other states. This state is part of a regional grid system, and coal-burning plants operate in neighboring Nevada and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of California’s land is public. Some of it is managed by the Federal Bureau of Land Management or the Forest Service. The military manages others — Camp Pendleton and China Lake Naval Air Station, for example. An endangered species doesn’t know whether it’s on military, state or private land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How a New State Law Might Cover the Gap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra promised that California would push back against federal environmental deregulation through any and all means.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Legislature is considering a bill, SB 1, under which any federal environmental or worker safety standard in place and effective when President Trump took office would remain enforceable under California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill in the Assembly Appropriations Committee would apply to the Clean Power Plan and the Endangered Species Act. It has passed out of the Senate and must move out of the committee by August 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why All the Lawsuits Now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming presidential election is the reason for the rapid-fire pace of the lawsuits. 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"content": "\u003cp>July was the hottest month measured on Earth since records began in 1880, the latest in a long line of peaks that scientists say backs up predictions for man-made climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said Thursday that July was 0.95 degrees Celsius (1.71 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the 20th century average for the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because July is generally the warmest month on the calendar, meteorologists say this means it also set a new all-time monthly record for the past 140 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month’s temperatures narrowly topped the previous July record, set in 2016, by 0.03 C (0.05 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results had been expected after several European countries including France, Belgium and Germany reported that July smashed previous national temperature records. The Swedish hamlet of Markusvinsa recorded a sizzling 34.8 C (94.6 F), the highest temperature measured north of the Arctic Circle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NOAA’s records, 9 of the 10 hottest Julys on record have occurred since 2005 and last month was the 43rd consecutive July above the 20th century average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record temperatures have gone hand-in-hand with other climate extremes. Warming oceans have led to an early melt of sea ice in the Bering Strait between Russia and Alaska, said Rick Thoman, a climate specialist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>June of this year had already set a sizzling record for that month over the past 140 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year to date is also 0.95 C (1.71 F) above the long-term average, but still slightly behind 2016, NOAA said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study focusing on mothers who breathe soot-laden air adds to a growing body of research into how air pollution affects cognitive development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine particles of pollution, small enough to breathe deep into lungs, come from coal plants, burning fuel in cars and trucks, and airborne dust. Pregnant women exposed to more of this pollution had children with lower IQs compared to women who breathed cleaner air, according to new analysis \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935119302944?via%3Dihub\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Research\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Prenatal nutrition may help buffer against the damaging effects of air pollution.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The study focused on a group of Tennessee mothers who researchers began to monitor while they were pregnant. As their children grew, researchers gave the kids IQ an test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very long battery that poor small children have to sit through,” says Kaja LeWinn, one of ten research team members and professor of psychiatry at UCSF. “It’s a long time to have a four-to-five year old sitting still.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children of mothers exposed to the worst soot pollution scored lower on IQ tests by about two-and-a-half points compared to mothers in cleaner neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Fine particulate] pollution is less well-studied as a neurodevelopment toxicant, so I think that makes it particularly interesting to have these results,” says Catherine Karr, a study author and pediatric environmental medicine doctor at the University of Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946439\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1946439\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/GettyImages-1160305879-800x506.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/GettyImages-1160305879-800x506.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/GettyImages-1160305879-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/GettyImages-1160305879-768x486.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/GettyImages-1160305879-1020x645.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/GettyImages-1160305879.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Visitors gather on a path in Los Angeles’ Griffith Park in July 2019 on a day of high air pollution. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Unlike many cities in California, Memphis tends to meet federal pollution standards for most days of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nutrition vs. Air Pollution?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this work really highlights that low-level exposure might be important and that we need to do more work to know what a safe level is,” says Megan Herting, a neuroscientist at USC who was not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herting says the work does a good job controlling for other factors that might influence cognitive development, like family economics. “It really narrows down and says there’s something about air quality that seems to be driving this decrease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research team also has found something novel: evidence that nutrition buffers the impacts of air pollution. Pregnant women are told to eat foods rich in folate like leafy greens and citrus, or take prenatal vitamins, like folic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women with the lowest folate levels, for their children the association between our measure of air pollution and IQ was much stronger,” LeWinn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children of mothers who breathed dirtier air and carried less folate in their bodies scored about seven points lower on IQ tests than children in the top cohort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect there was about twice as strong as what we saw in the full sample,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LeWinn and other authors acknowledge the folate results haven’t been replicated. But they say that their work can help identify groups of mothers more vulnerable to pollution’s ill effects. Though doctors already recommend folate as a preventative measure against birth defects, among the cohort of mothers in Tennessee, researchers saw that not all pregnant women took enough of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as individuals might have ways to better our own outcomes of ourselves and our children,” Herting says. “This suggests that’s going to really help offset some of these other things we might not be able to control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933748/air-pollution-is-the-new-tobacco-warns-world-health-organization\">More than 9 out of 10 children in the world are exposed to unsafe levels of air pollution, according to the World Health Organization, which calls it a ‘silent public health emergency.’\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers in this area stress they don’t yet know the exact way air pollution might affect the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/air-pollution-and-brain\">points out\u003c/a> that air pollution may affect brains directly and indirectly, but also says that associations between air pollution and the brain are “just beginning to emerge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, scientists have been amassing evidence connecting air pollution to neurodevelopmental impacts. Last summer, research focused on China \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1809474115\">found\u003c/a> that polluted air is linked to lower intelligence in adults, and worsens with age. A study published in \u003cem>The Lancet\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)32399-6/fulltext\">found\u003c/a> that people living near busy roads in Ontario, Canada were more likely to be diagnosed with dementia, though whether that’s a consequence of respiratory and cardiac problems remains unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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Pregnant women are told to eat foods rich in folate like leafy greens and citrus, or take prenatal vitamins, like folic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women with the lowest folate levels, for their children the association between our measure of air pollution and IQ was much stronger,” LeWinn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children of mothers who breathed dirtier air and carried less folate in their bodies scored about seven points lower on IQ tests than children in the top cohort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect there was about twice as strong as what we saw in the full sample,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LeWinn and other authors acknowledge the folate results haven’t been replicated. But they say that their work can help identify groups of mothers more vulnerable to pollution’s ill effects. Though doctors already recommend folate as a preventative measure against birth defects, among the cohort of mothers in Tennessee, researchers saw that not all pregnant women took enough of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as individuals might have ways to better our own outcomes of ourselves and our children,” Herting says. “This suggests that’s going to really help offset some of these other things we might not be able to control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933748/air-pollution-is-the-new-tobacco-warns-world-health-organization\">More than 9 out of 10 children in the world are exposed to unsafe levels of air pollution, according to the World Health Organization, which calls it a ‘silent public health emergency.’\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers in this area stress they don’t yet know the exact way air pollution might affect the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/fact-sheets/air-pollution-and-brain\">points out\u003c/a> that air pollution may affect brains directly and indirectly, but also says that associations between air pollution and the brain are “just beginning to emerge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, scientists have been amassing evidence connecting air pollution to neurodevelopmental impacts. 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"headTitle": "UN Report Warns Global Heating Threatens Farming As We Know It | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [aside postID=science_1943671,science_1941092]\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiators for the world’s governments signed off on a report Wednesday that describes in alarming detail how agriculture, deforestation and other human impacts on lands are transforming the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), shows the urgent need to overhaul the global food system to help control climate-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Written by more than 100 scientists from around the globe, it takes an unprecedented look at the impacts of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a> on lands and the effects of land use on the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors say that the entire food production system, with transportation and packaging included, accounts for as much as 37 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, and that better land use, less-meat-intensive diets and eliminating food waste should be global priorities, crucial to the immediate, all-out effort needed to forestall a climate catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no doubt the window is closing rapidly,” said Pamela McElwee, one of the report’s authors and a professor of human ecology at Rutgers University. “That’s a key message of this report.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiations over the final wording of the report, which was written after assessing thousands of studies, began in Geneva last week. Attendees said the talks were bogged down at times by negotiators from countries, including the United States, with powerful biofuels and livestock industries. Still, the report that emerged was clear that diets high in meat have a bigger carbon footprint and that biofuels can compete with food production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors had the daunting task of assessing the impact of agriculture and deforestation on the climate, and the equally challenging job of outlining ways that better land management can provide solutions to the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, released to the public on Aug. 8, shows that stopping deforestation, limiting greenhouse-gas-emitting fertilizers and raising crops in ways that \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14112018/climate-change-solutions-forests-farms-carbon-storage-cancel-out-emissions-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">add carbon to the soil\u003c/a> are essential for achieving global goals for controlling rising temperatures.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1946297 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-greenhouse-gases-land-use.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-greenhouse-gases-land-use.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-greenhouse-gases-land-use-160x160.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, global lands absorb more carbon than they emit. But that will change if land degradation and deforestation continue, the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the future really depends on the choices we make today,” said Louis Verchot, one of the report’s lead authors and a researcher with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. He noted that greenhouse gases from lands are increasing, especially with a recent uptick in deforestation in Brazil and other South American countries. “Could land shift from a sink to a source? We know that’s very much a possibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Intensive Farming\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the carbon stored in the planet’s land is in natural landscapes, not those managed as farmland or forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we continue to degrade ecosystems, if we continue to convert natural ecosystems, we continue to deforest and we continued to destroy our soils, we’re going to lose this natural subsidy that we’re getting that’s protecting us in part from ourselves and from the damage that we’re creating as we pump these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” Verchot explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the early 1960s, global population growth and more intensive farming have led to “unprecedented rates of land and freshwater use,” the report said. Human activities, including farming and other land uses, impact nearly three-quarters of the global land surface. Meat production has more than doubled, and the supply of calories per person has increased by one-third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the agricultural developments that helped propel the world’s population are now some of the same ones that need to be retooled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the population has grown, emissions related to agriculture have also grown, largely because of increases in livestock, deforestation to clear land for crops, and fertilizer use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture and deforestation account for 23 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. But the report says that if the entire spectrum of food production were factored in—from growing crops to transportation and packaging—that percentage could be as high as 37 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is already having severe effects on agriculture, with more drought and extreme downpours. That has threatened food security, in part because it drives down crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will likely get worse, especially in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, the report says. In some regions, extreme weather fueled by global warming could lead to “increased displacement, disrupted food chains, threatened livelihoods … and contribute to exacerbated stresses for conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential risk for “multi-bread-basket failure,” with climate disasters \u003ca href=\"http://insideclimatenews.org/news/11062018/climate-change-research-food-security-agriculture-impacts-corn-vegetables-crop-prices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hitting more than one\u003c/a> major agriculture region at the same time, is increasing, said Cynthia Rosenzweig, one of the report’s lead authors and a senior research scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1946298 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-land-ocean-temperature-increase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-land-ocean-temperature-increase.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-land-ocean-temperature-increase-160x157.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors point to a suite of solutions for reducing agriculture’s impact on climate change, including farming more sustainably—using less fertilizer, lowering tillage and employing practices that increase the soil’s ability to hold carbon—as well as reducing higher-impact diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Diets present major opportunities for reducing greenhouse gases as well, because diets that are rich in plant-based foods emit lower greenhouse gases than diets that are very heavy in red meat consumption,” Rosenzweig said. The report’s authors conclude that, by 2050, dietary changes could free up hundreds of millions of acres of land, which could help avoid deforestation and reduce emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is the latest in a series of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16012019/global-food-agriculture-revolution-eat-lancet-commission-climate-change-health-nutrition-report-less-meat\">high-profile publications\u003c/a> pointing to meat consumption, particularly of beef, as a significant contributor of greenhouse gases. Not only do cattle emit methane, but beef production also leads to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25042019/deforestation-annual-global-tree-loss-tropics-climate-solution-carbon-storage-wri\">deforestation for grazing lands\u003c/a> and cropland to grow feed for livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors say reducing food waste is another key strategy for cutting emissions from the food system. Nearly a third of the food produced in the world is lost or wasted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crops At Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report underscores the urgency for using land-based solutions to tackle climate change, which can have a big impact but have to be accomplished in a relatively short time frame. As the climate heats up, crop yields will continue to drop while farm fields lose their ability to store carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the solutions, including large-scale tree-planting on previously unforested land and using land to grow biofuels, present trade-offs because they threaten to compete with land for growing food crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors outline various scenarios in which global population and resource consumption rises or falls. The most optimistic scenario, in which fewer resources are consumed and more people adopt “low greenhouse gas” diets, would translate to lower emissions and help keep global temperatures from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels—the aim of the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/paris-climate-agreement\">Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a critical report right now,” said Doreen Stabinsky, a professor of global environmental politics with the College of the Atlantic, who was in Geneva to observe the final negotiations over the report. “There’s been increasing recognition about the climate change impacts on land and food, and there’s a recognition that it’s all-hands-on-deck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC plans to release another report, this one exploring the relationships among climate change, oceans and frozen landscapes, or the “cryosphere,” this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiators for the world’s governments signed off on a report Wednesday that describes in alarming detail how agriculture, deforestation and other human impacts on lands are transforming the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/report/srccl/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, from the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), shows the urgent need to overhaul the global food system to help control climate-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Written by more than 100 scientists from around the globe, it takes an unprecedented look at the impacts of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">climate change\u003c/a> on lands and the effects of land use on the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors say that the entire food production system, with transportation and packaging included, accounts for as much as 37 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, and that better land use, less-meat-intensive diets and eliminating food waste should be global priorities, crucial to the immediate, all-out effort needed to forestall a climate catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no doubt the window is closing rapidly,” said Pamela McElwee, one of the report’s authors and a professor of human ecology at Rutgers University. “That’s a key message of this report.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Negotiations over the final wording of the report, which was written after assessing thousands of studies, began in Geneva last week. Attendees said the talks were bogged down at times by negotiators from countries, including the United States, with powerful biofuels and livestock industries. Still, the report that emerged was clear that diets high in meat have a bigger carbon footprint and that biofuels can compete with food production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors had the daunting task of assessing the impact of agriculture and deforestation on the climate, and the equally challenging job of outlining ways that better land management can provide solutions to the climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report, released to the public on Aug. 8, shows that stopping deforestation, limiting greenhouse-gas-emitting fertilizers and raising crops in ways that \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14112018/climate-change-solutions-forests-farms-carbon-storage-cancel-out-emissions-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">add carbon to the soil\u003c/a> are essential for achieving global goals for controlling rising temperatures.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1946297 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-greenhouse-gases-land-use.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-greenhouse-gases-land-use.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-greenhouse-gases-land-use-160x160.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, global lands absorb more carbon than they emit. But that will change if land degradation and deforestation continue, the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of greenhouse gases emitted in the future really depends on the choices we make today,” said Louis Verchot, one of the report’s lead authors and a researcher with the International Center for Tropical Agriculture. He noted that greenhouse gases from lands are increasing, especially with a recent uptick in deforestation in Brazil and other South American countries. “Could land shift from a sink to a source? We know that’s very much a possibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Intensive Farming\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the carbon stored in the planet’s land is in natural landscapes, not those managed as farmland or forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we continue to degrade ecosystems, if we continue to convert natural ecosystems, we continue to deforest and we continued to destroy our soils, we’re going to lose this natural subsidy that we’re getting that’s protecting us in part from ourselves and from the damage that we’re creating as we pump these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,” Verchot explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the early 1960s, global population growth and more intensive farming have led to “unprecedented rates of land and freshwater use,” the report said. Human activities, including farming and other land uses, impact nearly three-quarters of the global land surface. Meat production has more than doubled, and the supply of calories per person has increased by one-third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the agricultural developments that helped propel the world’s population are now some of the same ones that need to be retooled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the population has grown, emissions related to agriculture have also grown, largely because of increases in livestock, deforestation to clear land for crops, and fertilizer use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agriculture and deforestation account for 23 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. But the report says that if the entire spectrum of food production were factored in—from growing crops to transportation and packaging—that percentage could be as high as 37 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is already having severe effects on agriculture, with more drought and extreme downpours. That has threatened food security, in part because it drives down crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will likely get worse, especially in tropical and subtropical parts of the world, the report says. In some regions, extreme weather fueled by global warming could lead to “increased displacement, disrupted food chains, threatened livelihoods … and contribute to exacerbated stresses for conflict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential risk for “multi-bread-basket failure,” with climate disasters \u003ca href=\"http://insideclimatenews.org/news/11062018/climate-change-research-food-security-agriculture-impacts-corn-vegetables-crop-prices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hitting more than one\u003c/a> major agriculture region at the same time, is increasing, said Cynthia Rosenzweig, one of the report’s lead authors and a senior research scientist at the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1946298 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-land-ocean-temperature-increase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-land-ocean-temperature-increase.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/IPCC-land-ocean-temperature-increase-160x157.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors point to a suite of solutions for reducing agriculture’s impact on climate change, including farming more sustainably—using less fertilizer, lowering tillage and employing practices that increase the soil’s ability to hold carbon—as well as reducing higher-impact diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Diets present major opportunities for reducing greenhouse gases as well, because diets that are rich in plant-based foods emit lower greenhouse gases than diets that are very heavy in red meat consumption,” Rosenzweig said. The report’s authors conclude that, by 2050, dietary changes could free up hundreds of millions of acres of land, which could help avoid deforestation and reduce emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is the latest in a series of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16012019/global-food-agriculture-revolution-eat-lancet-commission-climate-change-health-nutrition-report-less-meat\">high-profile publications\u003c/a> pointing to meat consumption, particularly of beef, as a significant contributor of greenhouse gases. Not only do cattle emit methane, but beef production also leads to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25042019/deforestation-annual-global-tree-loss-tropics-climate-solution-carbon-storage-wri\">deforestation for grazing lands\u003c/a> and cropland to grow feed for livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors say reducing food waste is another key strategy for cutting emissions from the food system. Nearly a third of the food produced in the world is lost or wasted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crops At Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report underscores the urgency for using land-based solutions to tackle climate change, which can have a big impact but have to be accomplished in a relatively short time frame. As the climate heats up, crop yields will continue to drop while farm fields lose their ability to store carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the solutions, including large-scale tree-planting on previously unforested land and using land to grow biofuels, present trade-offs because they threaten to compete with land for growing food crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors outline various scenarios in which global population and resource consumption rises or falls. The most optimistic scenario, in which fewer resources are consumed and more people adopt “low greenhouse gas” diets, would translate to lower emissions and help keep global temperatures from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels—the aim of the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/paris-climate-agreement\">Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a critical report right now,” said Doreen Stabinsky, a professor of global environmental politics with the College of the Atlantic, who was in Geneva to observe the final negotiations over the report. “There’s been increasing recognition about the climate change impacts on land and food, and there’s a recognition that it’s all-hands-on-deck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IPCC plans to release another report, this one exploring the relationships among climate change, oceans and frozen landscapes, or the “cryosphere,” this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interview: Anti-Vaccine Advocate Switched Sides to Promote Immunization",
"headTitle": "Interview: Anti-Vaccine Advocate Switched Sides to Promote Immunization | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Amid the contentious dispute over immunization requirements for children, Kelley Watson Snyder stands out: She has been both a recalcitrant skeptic and an ardent proponent of childhood vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946143\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1946143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/vaxxer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/vaxxer.jpg 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/vaxxer-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey, Calif., mother Kelley Watson Snyder, 38, poses with her two children, Jaylen, 9, and Kira, 5. Over time, she changed her opinion on vaccinations for her children, converting from an anti-vaxxer to an ardent proponent of vaccines who runs a pro-vaccination Facebook page. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kelley Watson Snyder)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snyder, a Monterey, Calif., mother of two, was a so-called anti-vaxxer for many years, adding her voice to those that rejected mandatory vaccinations for school-age children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She later realized she was wrong and in 2014 founded a pro-vaccination Facebook group called “Crunchy Front Range Pro-Vaxxers,” which she administers. It is an invitation-only site on which approximately 1,100 members exchange views and information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snyder, 38, is also an advocate for pending California legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/california-vaccine-bill-amended-to-appease-governor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 276\u003c/a>, which targets bogus medical exemptions that allow unvaccinated children to attend school. The number of medical exemptions issued by physicians has \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/exemptions-surge-as-parents-and-doctors-do-hail-mary-around-vaccine-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">risen sharply\u003c/a> in recent years. The Medical Board of California is \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/state-broadens-investigation-of-doctors-for-issuing-questionable-vaccination-exemptions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigating at least four\u003c/a> doctors for issuing questionable exemptions for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some infectious diseases once thought under control are breaking out again because parents failed to have their children vaccinated. Between Jan. 1 and July 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1,164 new measles cases\u003c/a> were reported across 30 states, the most since the disease was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared eliminated\u003c/a> in 2000, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. California has seen 62 new measles cases this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked to Snyder about her transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As a former opponent of mandatory childhood vaccines, can you describe the mindset?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-vaxxers have been around for a long time, but social media makes it easier to get into a loop. And once you’re there, it’s hard to see outside of it. Algorithms just show you more of what you’re already looking for. If you start searching anti-vaccination stories, that’s what starts popping up on your tagline. You start to think, “Oh, my God, there’s all these people and there’s so much of this going on.” But if you have a chance to peel back from that, you see that it’s actually a very small portion of the population who are really, really loud. The fear makes you angry and it makes you lash out. Once you get into that state, it’s easy to stay there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Describe a moment when you were in that state of mind.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my daughter was born, I refused \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/faqs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Vitamin K shot\u003c/a>. I remember lying there with my daughter in my arms, and the nurses said, “Hey, we’re going to give her the vitamin K,” and I said, “No, we’re not doing that.” They made me sign a form that said I was going against the recommended medical care. At the time, the anti-vaxxer voices in my head said they were trying to coerce me into doing something dangerous for my child. They told me I was going to have to stay in the hospital longer for observation. I saw that as trying to force me to inject my child with this poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What activities did you engage in as an anti-vaxxer?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I joined some social media groups and would get together with some of those mothers who believed what I did. We used to call the pro-vaccination mothers “sheeple.” You’d ask them, “Have you thought about your stance? Have you even done any research?” Because when you’re in that anti-vax mindset, you spend all these hours on the internet, reading studies. I’ve come to realize that a Google search isn’t really research. Most times, you’re not reading an entire study, but only the abstract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What changed your mind on vaccinations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 2014, I was in one particular anti-vaxxer Facebook group, and there was a debate going on about vaccines, and I started to notice that every time someone disagreed with them, the core members got belligerent, going straight to personal attacks. I also noticed that every single point they brought up had this immense conspiracy to go along with it. By that point, I’d started to think, “Do I really believe in all these conspiracies? Am I really that afraid, or can I go back and look at the evidence again?” By then, my daughter was 8 months old, and I just got over the fear I had as a first-time mom. I realized that my daughter was going to be OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you think the vaccination fight will play out in California and nationally?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think California is setting a precedent for vaccine laws across the country. We’re making sure that medical exemptions for vaccines are not being bought, and that’s a very serious problem. Other states have seen the work we’ve done and they’re working on their own legislation. We’ve come to realize that unless we get more vocal about our pro-vaccine stance, the anti-vaccine voices just get louder and louder. I sometimes refer to anti-vaxxers as the drunk drivers of public health. They’re dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you say today to the anti-vaxxers you once aligned with?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tell people that I understand their fears. I understand that parenting is very difficult, and all of us truly want the best for our children. I also know that the evidence is out there when people are willing to let their guards down. And I’m always happy to share real solid scientific evidence with people who want to do their critical thinking for themselves. I’m hoping people come around. I did. But we can’t force anybody. We just want to protect everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/the-real-life-conversion-of-a-former-anti-vaxxer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/the-real-life-conversion-of-a-former-anti-vaxxer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amid the contentious dispute over immunization requirements for children, Kelley Watson Snyder stands out: She has been both a recalcitrant skeptic and an ardent proponent of childhood vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946143\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1946143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/vaxxer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/vaxxer.jpg 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/vaxxer-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey, Calif., mother Kelley Watson Snyder, 38, poses with her two children, Jaylen, 9, and Kira, 5. Over time, she changed her opinion on vaccinations for her children, converting from an anti-vaxxer to an ardent proponent of vaccines who runs a pro-vaccination Facebook page. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kelley Watson Snyder)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Snyder, a Monterey, Calif., mother of two, was a so-called anti-vaxxer for many years, adding her voice to those that rejected mandatory vaccinations for school-age children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She later realized she was wrong and in 2014 founded a pro-vaccination Facebook group called “Crunchy Front Range Pro-Vaxxers,” which she administers. It is an invitation-only site on which approximately 1,100 members exchange views and information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snyder, 38, is also an advocate for pending California legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/california-vaccine-bill-amended-to-appease-governor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 276\u003c/a>, which targets bogus medical exemptions that allow unvaccinated children to attend school. The number of medical exemptions issued by physicians has \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/exemptions-surge-as-parents-and-doctors-do-hail-mary-around-vaccine-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">risen sharply\u003c/a> in recent years. The Medical Board of California is \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/state-broadens-investigation-of-doctors-for-issuing-questionable-vaccination-exemptions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigating at least four\u003c/a> doctors for issuing questionable exemptions for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some infectious diseases once thought under control are breaking out again because parents failed to have their children vaccinated. Between Jan. 1 and July 25, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1,164 new measles cases\u003c/a> were reported across 30 states, the most since the disease was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">declared eliminated\u003c/a> in 2000, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. California has seen 62 new measles cases this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked to Snyder about her transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>As a former opponent of mandatory childhood vaccines, can you describe the mindset?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-vaxxers have been around for a long time, but social media makes it easier to get into a loop. And once you’re there, it’s hard to see outside of it. Algorithms just show you more of what you’re already looking for. If you start searching anti-vaccination stories, that’s what starts popping up on your tagline. You start to think, “Oh, my God, there’s all these people and there’s so much of this going on.” But if you have a chance to peel back from that, you see that it’s actually a very small portion of the population who are really, really loud. The fear makes you angry and it makes you lash out. Once you get into that state, it’s easy to stay there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Describe a moment when you were in that state of mind.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my daughter was born, I refused \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vitamink/faqs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Vitamin K shot\u003c/a>. I remember lying there with my daughter in my arms, and the nurses said, “Hey, we’re going to give her the vitamin K,” and I said, “No, we’re not doing that.” They made me sign a form that said I was going against the recommended medical care. At the time, the anti-vaxxer voices in my head said they were trying to coerce me into doing something dangerous for my child. They told me I was going to have to stay in the hospital longer for observation. I saw that as trying to force me to inject my child with this poison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What activities did you engage in as an anti-vaxxer?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I joined some social media groups and would get together with some of those mothers who believed what I did. We used to call the pro-vaccination mothers “sheeple.” You’d ask them, “Have you thought about your stance? Have you even done any research?” Because when you’re in that anti-vax mindset, you spend all these hours on the internet, reading studies. I’ve come to realize that a Google search isn’t really research. Most times, you’re not reading an entire study, but only the abstract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What changed your mind on vaccinations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 2014, I was in one particular anti-vaxxer Facebook group, and there was a debate going on about vaccines, and I started to notice that every time someone disagreed with them, the core members got belligerent, going straight to personal attacks. I also noticed that every single point they brought up had this immense conspiracy to go along with it. By that point, I’d started to think, “Do I really believe in all these conspiracies? Am I really that afraid, or can I go back and look at the evidence again?” By then, my daughter was 8 months old, and I just got over the fear I had as a first-time mom. I realized that my daughter was going to be OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you think the vaccination fight will play out in California and nationally?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think California is setting a precedent for vaccine laws across the country. We’re making sure that medical exemptions for vaccines are not being bought, and that’s a very serious problem. Other states have seen the work we’ve done and they’re working on their own legislation. We’ve come to realize that unless we get more vocal about our pro-vaccine stance, the anti-vaccine voices just get louder and louder. I sometimes refer to anti-vaxxers as the drunk drivers of public health. They’re dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you say today to the anti-vaxxers you once aligned with?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tell people that I understand their fears. I understand that parenting is very difficult, and all of us truly want the best for our children. I also know that the evidence is out there when people are willing to let their guards down. And I’m always happy to share real solid scientific evidence with people who want to do their critical thinking for themselves. I’m hoping people come around. I did. But we can’t force anybody. We just want to protect everyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/news/the-real-life-conversion-of-a-former-anti-vaxxer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/the-real-life-conversion-of-a-former-anti-vaxxer/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco International Airport is banning the sale of single-use plastic water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unprecedented move at one of the major airports in the country will take effect Aug. 20, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/No-fly-zone-SFO-bans-sale-of-plastic-water-14274754.php\">the San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a> Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule will apply to airport restaurants, cafes and vending machines. Travelers who need plain water will have to buy refillable aluminum or glass bottles if they don’t bring their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a department of San Francisco’s municipal government, the airport is following an ordinance approved in 2014 banning the sale of plastic water bottles on city-owned property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift away from plastics is also part of a broader plan to slash net carbon emissions and energy use to zero and eliminate most landfill waste by 2021, said airport spokesman Doug Yakel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, considering the approximately 4 million plastic water bottles sold per year at the airport, it may be more difficult for vendors to adhere to the water bottle ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether vendors out of compliance will be penalized is unclear, but Yakel said the airport hopes that “won’t be necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO vendors already are required to provide only compostable single-use foodware, including to-go containers, condiment packets, straws and utensils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shops at the airports have adjusted easily to these requirements because of the increased availability of suppliers producing such products, said Michael Levine, CEO of the company that oversees Napa Farms Market, a store selling grab-and-go fare in Terminal 2 and International Terminal G.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the water bottle impact is a little trickier,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"DFPSlot\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco International Airport is banning the sale of single-use plastic water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unprecedented move at one of the major airports in the country will take effect Aug. 20, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/No-fly-zone-SFO-bans-sale-of-plastic-water-14274754.php\">the San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a> Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule will apply to airport restaurants, cafes and vending machines. Travelers who need plain water will have to buy refillable aluminum or glass bottles if they don’t bring their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a department of San Francisco’s municipal government, the airport is following an ordinance approved in 2014 banning the sale of plastic water bottles on city-owned property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shift away from plastics is also part of a broader plan to slash net carbon emissions and energy use to zero and eliminate most landfill waste by 2021, said airport spokesman Doug Yakel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, considering the approximately 4 million plastic water bottles sold per year at the airport, it may be more difficult for vendors to adhere to the water bottle ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether vendors out of compliance will be penalized is unclear, but Yakel said the airport hopes that “won’t be necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO vendors already are required to provide only compostable single-use foodware, including to-go containers, condiment packets, straws and utensils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shops at the airports have adjusted easily to these requirements because of the increased availability of suppliers producing such products, said Michael Levine, CEO of the company that oversees Napa Farms Market, a store selling grab-and-go fare in Terminal 2 and International Terminal G.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the water bottle impact is a little trickier,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"DFPSlot\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "West Oakland Advocates Unhappy With EPA, City Agreement on Dirty Air",
"headTitle": "West Oakland Advocates Unhappy With EPA, City Agreement on Dirty Air | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>After negotiating for two years, federal environmental officials reached a voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Resolution%20Letter%20and%20IRA%20-%20Paul%20Cort%20-13R%20and%2014R-17-R9%202019-07-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settlement\u003c/a> with the city and Port of Oakland over a discrimination complaint related to West Oakland’s dirty air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement outlines a series of goals to improve communication between the community, the city and the port. But Oakland and the port did not agree to any new substantive actions to reduce pollution, according to Earthjustice, which filed the complaint on behalf of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/West-Oakland-Environmental-Indicators-Project-167059986686549/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project\u003c/a>. As part of the agreement, the EPA did not find any discrimination, which the city has \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/Closed%20Session%20Reporting%20Out%20Forms/JULY%209%202019%20CLOSED%20SESSION%20REPORTING%20OUT%20FINAL%20DECISION.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denied\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Ghafar, an associate attorney with Earthjustice, said advocates were “disappointed that this is the result of two years’ worth of negotiations. The EPA folks, the D.C. folks, they don’t really know what is happening on the ground here in West Oakland with the state of the air quality and diesel pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland group lodged the \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/2017-04-04-TitleVI_Complaint.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">complaint\u003c/a> with the civil rights offices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Transportation in April 2017. Filed under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the complaint accused the city and port of a pattern of discrimination in the expansion of freight activity that increased pollution in the majority-black communities who live in West Oakland. Residents in those neighborhoods suffer some of the worst air quality in the Bay Area as well as some of the lowest life expectancies in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing prompted the EPA’s External Civil Rights Compliance Office to investigate whether Oakland was doing enough to prevent dangerous smog in the neighborhoods surrounding the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the goals on fostering better communication between stakeholders, the settlement cites two plans adopted by the port in recent years, one to \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/files/PDF/2020%20and%20Beyond%20Plan%20Vol%20I.pdf\">reduce\u003c/a> emissions while investing in electric vehicles, and another to \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/files/PDF/TMP%20layout%205.17.19-Web.pdf\">regulate\u003c/a> truck traffic in the neighborhoods around West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of ‘Let’s Talk’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While EPA and Oakland officials came to a resolution, the West Oakland group says it will do little to improve the health of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It lacks direct action,” said Brian Beveridge, an organizer with the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. “There is plenty of, ‘Let’s talk and isn’t it great and we are going to work harder to make it better.’ But we would like to see some policy action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Beveridge wanted more from the settlement, he said the process did improve the dialogue between his group and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the group filed the complaint after pressuring the port for years to engage with residents about air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Oakland’s city attorney referred questions to the Port of Oakland. Mike Zampa, the port’s communications director, said in an emailed statement that its leaders are pleased to have reached a resolution with EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the port is “serious” in its commitment to civil rights, and he pointed to the port’s effort to curb emissions and manage traffic, as well as to the addition of a section on civil rights to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margot Perez-Sullivan, an EPA spokesperson, said in an email that the agency “will now monitor the City and the Port commitments set forth in the Agreement, as appropriate, to ensure its terms are fully implemented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Poor Air Quality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland is bounded by interstate freeways and the port. Long before the current case, advocacy groups have noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes belching from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland, with its 1,300 acres of facilities and 18 deep-water berths, is the third busiest seaport in California and among the 10 busiest in the U.S. More than $59.2 billion in goods flows through its bustling docks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of the complaint process, Beveridge’s group has worked with Oakland and the regional air quality regulator to craft an \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/ab617-community-health/west-oakland/draft_plan/wocap_draft_plan_vol1-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">action plan\u003c/a> to address the toxic air in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft of the plan is open for public comment. Beveridge said his group is hosting a community meeting about the plan on Aug. 17 at 10 a.m. at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westoaklandyouthcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Oakland Youth Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately this is about reducing the impacts of the freight industry at the Port of Oakland and the freight industry that is in residence in West Oakland, to reduce those impacts on the people of this community,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking forward to the process leading to something, we just don’t see that in the settlement.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After negotiating for two years, federal environmental officials reached a voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Resolution%20Letter%20and%20IRA%20-%20Paul%20Cort%20-13R%20and%2014R-17-R9%202019-07-26.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settlement\u003c/a> with the city and Port of Oakland over a discrimination complaint related to West Oakland’s dirty air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement outlines a series of goals to improve communication between the community, the city and the port. But Oakland and the port did not agree to any new substantive actions to reduce pollution, according to Earthjustice, which filed the complaint on behalf of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/West-Oakland-Environmental-Indicators-Project-167059986686549/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project\u003c/a>. As part of the agreement, the EPA did not find any discrimination, which the city has \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandcityattorney.org/PDFS/Closed%20Session%20Reporting%20Out%20Forms/JULY%209%202019%20CLOSED%20SESSION%20REPORTING%20OUT%20FINAL%20DECISION.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denied\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Ghafar, an associate attorney with Earthjustice, said advocates were “disappointed that this is the result of two years’ worth of negotiations. The EPA folks, the D.C. folks, they don’t really know what is happening on the ground here in West Oakland with the state of the air quality and diesel pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland group lodged the \u003ca href=\"http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/2017-04-04-TitleVI_Complaint.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">complaint\u003c/a> with the civil rights offices of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Transportation in April 2017. Filed under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the complaint accused the city and port of a pattern of discrimination in the expansion of freight activity that increased pollution in the majority-black communities who live in West Oakland. Residents in those neighborhoods suffer some of the worst air quality in the Bay Area as well as some of the lowest life expectancies in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filing prompted the EPA’s External Civil Rights Compliance Office to investigate whether Oakland was doing enough to prevent dangerous smog in the neighborhoods surrounding the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the goals on fostering better communication between stakeholders, the settlement cites two plans adopted by the port in recent years, one to \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/files/PDF/2020%20and%20Beyond%20Plan%20Vol%20I.pdf\">reduce\u003c/a> emissions while investing in electric vehicles, and another to \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/files/PDF/TMP%20layout%205.17.19-Web.pdf\">regulate\u003c/a> truck traffic in the neighborhoods around West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of ‘Let’s Talk’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While EPA and Oakland officials came to a resolution, the West Oakland group says it will do little to improve the health of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It lacks direct action,” said Brian Beveridge, an organizer with the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project. “There is plenty of, ‘Let’s talk and isn’t it great and we are going to work harder to make it better.’ But we would like to see some policy action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Beveridge wanted more from the settlement, he said the process did improve the dialogue between his group and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the group filed the complaint after pressuring the port for years to engage with residents about air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Oakland’s city attorney referred questions to the Port of Oakland. Mike Zampa, the port’s communications director, said in an emailed statement that its leaders are pleased to have reached a resolution with EPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the port is “serious” in its commitment to civil rights, and he pointed to the port’s effort to curb emissions and manage traffic, as well as to the addition of a section on civil rights to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margot Perez-Sullivan, an EPA spokesperson, said in an email that the agency “will now monitor the City and the Port commitments set forth in the Agreement, as appropriate, to ensure its terms are fully implemented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Poor Air Quality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Oakland is bounded by interstate freeways and the port. Long before the current case, advocacy groups have noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes belching from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland, with its 1,300 acres of facilities and 18 deep-water berths, is the third busiest seaport in California and among the 10 busiest in the U.S. More than $59.2 billion in goods flows through its bustling docks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside of the complaint process, Beveridge’s group has worked with Oakland and the regional air quality regulator to craft an \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/ab617-community-health/west-oakland/draft_plan/wocap_draft_plan_vol1-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">action plan\u003c/a> to address the toxic air in West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft of the plan is open for public comment. Beveridge said his group is hosting a community meeting about the plan on Aug. 17 at 10 a.m. at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westoaklandyouthcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Oakland Youth Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately this is about reducing the impacts of the freight industry at the Port of Oakland and the freight industry that is in residence in West Oakland, to reduce those impacts on the people of this community,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking forward to the process leading to something, we just don’t see that in the settlement.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "For This Sickle Cell Patient, CRISPR Study Gives Hope",
"headTitle": "For This Sickle Cell Patient, CRISPR Study Gives Hope | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=science_1943302]\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nVictoria Gray is waiting patiently in a hospital room at the Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good time to get healed,” she says. The 34-year-old from Forest, Miss., has struggled with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html\">sickle cell disease\u003c/a> throughout her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray is at the hospital because she volunteered for one of the most anticipated medical experiments in decades: the first attempt to use the gene-editing technique \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/research-highlights-crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to treat a genetic disorder in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s the first patient ever to be publicly identified as being involved in such a study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always had hoped that something will come along,” Gray says in an exclusive interview with NPR. “It is just amazing how far things have come. I just want to kind of help bring awareness to this disease and let other people know that there is hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sickle cell affects millions of people around the world. About 100,000 are in the U.S., and most of them, like Gray, are African American. A genetic defect causes bone marrow to produce a defective protein that makes blood cells that are sickle-shaped, hard and sticky. The deformed cells get stuck inside blood vessels and don’t carry oxygen normally, causing a host of debilitating and, often, eventually life-shortening complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s horrible,” Gray says. “When you can’t walk or lift up a spoon to feed yourself, it gets real hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, doctors are using cells taken from patients’ own bone marrow that will be genetically modified with CRISPR to make them produce a protein that is usually only made by fetuses and by babies for a short time following birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is this protein will compensate for the defective protein that causes sickle cell disease and enable patients to live normally for the rest of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exciting to see that we might be on the cusp of a highly effective therapy for patients with sickle cell,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.vrtx.com/leadership/david-altshuler-md-phd\">Dr. David Altshuler\u003c/a>, executive vice president, global research and chief scientific officer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vrtx.com/\">Vertex Pharmaceuticals\u003c/a> in Boston. Vertex is co-sponsoring the study with CRISPR Therapeutics of Cambridge, Mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with sickle cell disease have been waiting a long time for therapies that just let them live a normal life,” Altshuler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very big deal,” agrees \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__tristarchildrensspecialists.com_physicians_profile_Haydar-2DAdib-2DFrangoul-2DMD&d=DwMGaQ&c=9fZnZOgPWmHmvevlab4V4DSjtBMjorSlbQYfK_MauDg&r=PZuRRy00Xeju5PmG1SquClVDEVWncsxG3_XpmKHQA_Ly8uUpeDNmv7YYm-Po6T8i&m=w9oA09oSmqKFvF-lDRpCbyyoct5HhKuaEKZ3x1gXRgc&s=EqYegb0QQM0aFFJM-0CPTm14pQJ5CIV79vOsRo3pIi8&e=\">Dr. Haydar Frangoul\u003c/a>, medical director of pediatric hematology/oncology at the institute where Gray volunteered. “This could benefit many patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frangoul’s center, Sarah Cannon, is conducting the study at HCA Healthcare’s TriStar Centennial Medical Center in Nashville, which is one of eight sites recruiting patients for the research in the United States, Canada and Europe. Up to 45 patients ages 18 to 35 will eventually be enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other doctors, scientists and bioethicists are also encouraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an exciting moment in medicine. CRISPR promises the capacity to alter the human genome and to begin to directly address genetic diseases,” says \u003ca href=\"https://divinity.uchicago.edu/laurie-zoloth\">Laurie Zoloth\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zoloth is also cautious. She worries that this and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/04/16/712402435/first-u-s-patients-treated-with-crispr-as-gene-editing-human-trials-get-underway\">other studies\u003c/a> starting up using CRISPR haven’t gone through an extra \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1810628\">layer of scrutiny\u003c/a> by a panel of outside experts assembled by the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This a brand-new technology,” Zoloth says. “It seems to work really well in animals and really well in culture dishes. It’s completely unknown how it works in actual human beings. So there are a lot of unknowns. It might make you sicker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frangoul acknowledges there are always risks with experimental treatments. But, he says, the research will go very slowly and carefully with close review by the Food and Drug Administration and other advisory panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very cautious about how we do this trial in a very systematic way to monitor the patients carefully for any complications related to the therapy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Gray says she understands there are risks. She also says that she knows the study is a first step and that other patients might only see benefits years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This gives me hope if it gives me nothing else,” Gray says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will probably take several months before doctors detect the first signs of whether the genetically edited cells are producing helpful levels of the protein and even longer to know whether the cells are improving patients’ health. And it will likely be take many years to know whether the benefits last a lifetime, as hoped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray, who is married and has four children, was diagnosed with sickle cell disease when she was an infant and started crying during a bath. One major symptom is agonizing, debilitating pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many sickle cell patients, her symptoms have prevented her from living a full life. She couldn’t play like other children, was afraid to travel and had to give up her dreams of becoming a doctor or a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes it feels like lightning strikes in my chest and real sharp pains all over,” Gray says. “Sometimes, I will be just balled up and crying, not able to do anything for myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defective blood cells also increase the risk for infections and damage to vital organs such as the heart. They also can cause life-threatening strokes. Many people with sickle cell disease don’t live past their 40s. Gray’s heart has already suffered damage. And that is taking an additional psychological toll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s scary,” she says, describing how her disease has affected her oldest son, 12-year-old Jamarius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s older, so he understands. So he started acting out in school. And his teacher told me, ‘I believe Jamarius is acting out because he really believes you’re going to die,’ ” Gray says, choking back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some patients can get bone marrow transplants, but those procedures are grueling and can be dangerous if the immune system cells produced by the transplanted bone marrow attack their bodies. And most sickle cell patients either don’t have or don’t find a suitable donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s real hard,” Gray says. “It was just my religion that just kept me going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was considering a bone marrow transplant, she heard about the CRISPR trial and jumped at the chance to volunteer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always knew something had to come along and that God had something important in store for me,” Gray says. “It felt like this was meant to be. It was kinda fate. That was an amazing feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR enables scientists to make very precise changes in DNA, raising hopes it will lead to new ways to prevent and treat many diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CRISPR technology has a lot of potential use in the future, not only in blood disorders,” Frangoul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have already started using it to try treat cancer, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/21/585336506/doctors-in-china-lead-race-to-treat-cancer-by-editing-genes\">mostly in China\u003c/a>. At least two patients in the U.S. have been treated for cancer, \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03399448?cond=crispr&draw=2&rank=3\">in a study at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this year, doctors in Boston \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03872479?cond=crispr&draw=2&rank=15\">are planning to use CRISPR to edit cells in patients’ retinas\u003c/a>, in hopes of restoring vision in patients with an inherited form of blindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies sponsoring the sickle cell study \u003ca href=\"http://ir.crisprtx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/crispr-therapeutics-and-vertex-announce-progress-clinical\">announced earlier this year\u003c/a> that they had used CRISPR to treat the first patient with a similar blood disorder, \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/beta-thalassemia\">beta thalassemia\u003c/a>, in Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease are both caused by genetic defects that cause problems with a protein called hemoglobin. Healthy red blood cells use hemoglobin to carry oxygen throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sickle cell patients’ red blood cells carry defective hemoglobin that deform the cells and don’t transport enough oxygen. The hope is that another form of hemoglobin, known as fetal hemoglobin, will compensate for the defective protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fetal hemoglobin is produced by fetuses in the womb to provide oxygen. In most people, fetal hemoglobin production stops shortly after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once a baby is born, a switch will flip on,” Frangoul says. “It’s a gene that tells the red blood cell — the bone marrow cells that produce red cells — to stop making fetal hemoglobin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This CRISPR treatment starts with doctors extracting bone marrow cells from patients’ blood. Company scientists then use CRISPR to edit a gene in the cells to make the cells produce fetal hemoglobin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will help the cells make more fetal hemoglobin and make them happier and healthier,” Frangoul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients then undergo the same kind of grueling chemotherapy administered as part of a standard bone marrow transplant. That wipes out the existing cells that are carrying the genetic defect. But instead of receiving new cells from a donor, the patients get billions of their own cells that have been edited with CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that it will provide a treatment option for all patients, including those who can’t find a matched donor. The approach hopefully will be safer because the cells come from patients’ own bone marrow. So they shouldn’t attack patients’ bodies, Frangoul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This opens the door for many patients to potentially be treated and to have their disease modified to be mild” and to avoid the “horrible, horrible long-term side effects of sickle cell disease,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray hopes it works and describes how she imagines a life without sickle cell:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being able to wake up and not be in pain. And to just be tired because I’ve done something — and not just tired for no reason. And just to be outside, and jump on the trampoline with my kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And go to graduations and weddings. And see them grow up. That means the world to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sickle+Cell+Patient+Reveals+Why+She+Is+Volunteering+For+Landmark+Gene-Editing+Study&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nVictoria Gray is waiting patiently in a hospital room at the Sarah Cannon Research Institute in Nashville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good time to get healed,” she says. The 34-year-old from Forest, Miss., has struggled with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html\">sickle cell disease\u003c/a> throughout her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray is at the hospital because she volunteered for one of the most anticipated medical experiments in decades: the first attempt to use the gene-editing technique \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/research-highlights-crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to treat a genetic disorder in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s the first patient ever to be publicly identified as being involved in such a study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always had hoped that something will come along,” Gray says in an exclusive interview with NPR. “It is just amazing how far things have come. I just want to kind of help bring awareness to this disease and let other people know that there is hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sickle cell affects millions of people around the world. About 100,000 are in the U.S., and most of them, like Gray, are African American. A genetic defect causes bone marrow to produce a defective protein that makes blood cells that are sickle-shaped, hard and sticky. The deformed cells get stuck inside blood vessels and don’t carry oxygen normally, causing a host of debilitating and, often, eventually life-shortening complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s horrible,” Gray says. “When you can’t walk or lift up a spoon to feed yourself, it gets real hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, doctors are using cells taken from patients’ own bone marrow that will be genetically modified with CRISPR to make them produce a protein that is usually only made by fetuses and by babies for a short time following birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is this protein will compensate for the defective protein that causes sickle cell disease and enable patients to live normally for the rest of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s exciting to see that we might be on the cusp of a highly effective therapy for patients with sickle cell,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.vrtx.com/leadership/david-altshuler-md-phd\">Dr. David Altshuler\u003c/a>, executive vice president, global research and chief scientific officer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.vrtx.com/\">Vertex Pharmaceuticals\u003c/a> in Boston. Vertex is co-sponsoring the study with CRISPR Therapeutics of Cambridge, Mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with sickle cell disease have been waiting a long time for therapies that just let them live a normal life,” Altshuler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very big deal,” agrees \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__tristarchildrensspecialists.com_physicians_profile_Haydar-2DAdib-2DFrangoul-2DMD&d=DwMGaQ&c=9fZnZOgPWmHmvevlab4V4DSjtBMjorSlbQYfK_MauDg&r=PZuRRy00Xeju5PmG1SquClVDEVWncsxG3_XpmKHQA_Ly8uUpeDNmv7YYm-Po6T8i&m=w9oA09oSmqKFvF-lDRpCbyyoct5HhKuaEKZ3x1gXRgc&s=EqYegb0QQM0aFFJM-0CPTm14pQJ5CIV79vOsRo3pIi8&e=\">Dr. Haydar Frangoul\u003c/a>, medical director of pediatric hematology/oncology at the institute where Gray volunteered. “This could benefit many patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frangoul’s center, Sarah Cannon, is conducting the study at HCA Healthcare’s TriStar Centennial Medical Center in Nashville, which is one of eight sites recruiting patients for the research in the United States, Canada and Europe. Up to 45 patients ages 18 to 35 will eventually be enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other doctors, scientists and bioethicists are also encouraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an exciting moment in medicine. CRISPR promises the capacity to alter the human genome and to begin to directly address genetic diseases,” says \u003ca href=\"https://divinity.uchicago.edu/laurie-zoloth\">Laurie Zoloth\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the University of Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zoloth is also cautious. She worries that this and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/04/16/712402435/first-u-s-patients-treated-with-crispr-as-gene-editing-human-trials-get-underway\">other studies\u003c/a> starting up using CRISPR haven’t gone through an extra \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1810628\">layer of scrutiny\u003c/a> by a panel of outside experts assembled by the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This a brand-new technology,” Zoloth says. “It seems to work really well in animals and really well in culture dishes. It’s completely unknown how it works in actual human beings. So there are a lot of unknowns. It might make you sicker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frangoul acknowledges there are always risks with experimental treatments. But, he says, the research will go very slowly and carefully with close review by the Food and Drug Administration and other advisory panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very cautious about how we do this trial in a very systematic way to monitor the patients carefully for any complications related to the therapy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Gray says she understands there are risks. She also says that she knows the study is a first step and that other patients might only see benefits years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This gives me hope if it gives me nothing else,” Gray says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will probably take several months before doctors detect the first signs of whether the genetically edited cells are producing helpful levels of the protein and even longer to know whether the cells are improving patients’ health. And it will likely be take many years to know whether the benefits last a lifetime, as hoped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray, who is married and has four children, was diagnosed with sickle cell disease when she was an infant and started crying during a bath. One major symptom is agonizing, debilitating pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many sickle cell patients, her symptoms have prevented her from living a full life. She couldn’t play like other children, was afraid to travel and had to give up her dreams of becoming a doctor or a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes it feels like lightning strikes in my chest and real sharp pains all over,” Gray says. “Sometimes, I will be just balled up and crying, not able to do anything for myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defective blood cells also increase the risk for infections and damage to vital organs such as the heart. They also can cause life-threatening strokes. Many people with sickle cell disease don’t live past their 40s. Gray’s heart has already suffered damage. And that is taking an additional psychological toll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s scary,” she says, describing how her disease has affected her oldest son, 12-year-old Jamarius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s older, so he understands. So he started acting out in school. And his teacher told me, ‘I believe Jamarius is acting out because he really believes you’re going to die,’ ” Gray says, choking back tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some patients can get bone marrow transplants, but those procedures are grueling and can be dangerous if the immune system cells produced by the transplanted bone marrow attack their bodies. And most sickle cell patients either don’t have or don’t find a suitable donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s real hard,” Gray says. “It was just my religion that just kept me going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was considering a bone marrow transplant, she heard about the CRISPR trial and jumped at the chance to volunteer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always knew something had to come along and that God had something important in store for me,” Gray says. “It felt like this was meant to be. It was kinda fate. That was an amazing feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR enables scientists to make very precise changes in DNA, raising hopes it will lead to new ways to prevent and treat many diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CRISPR technology has a lot of potential use in the future, not only in blood disorders,” Frangoul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have already started using it to try treat cancer, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/21/585336506/doctors-in-china-lead-race-to-treat-cancer-by-editing-genes\">mostly in China\u003c/a>. At least two patients in the U.S. have been treated for cancer, \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03399448?cond=crispr&draw=2&rank=3\">in a study at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this year, doctors in Boston \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03872479?cond=crispr&draw=2&rank=15\">are planning to use CRISPR to edit cells in patients’ retinas\u003c/a>, in hopes of restoring vision in patients with an inherited form of blindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies sponsoring the sickle cell study \u003ca href=\"http://ir.crisprtx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/crispr-therapeutics-and-vertex-announce-progress-clinical\">announced earlier this year\u003c/a> that they had used CRISPR to treat the first patient with a similar blood disorder, \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/beta-thalassemia\">beta thalassemia\u003c/a>, in Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease are both caused by genetic defects that cause problems with a protein called hemoglobin. Healthy red blood cells use hemoglobin to carry oxygen throughout the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sickle cell patients’ red blood cells carry defective hemoglobin that deform the cells and don’t transport enough oxygen. The hope is that another form of hemoglobin, known as fetal hemoglobin, will compensate for the defective protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fetal hemoglobin is produced by fetuses in the womb to provide oxygen. In most people, fetal hemoglobin production stops shortly after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once a baby is born, a switch will flip on,” Frangoul says. “It’s a gene that tells the red blood cell — the bone marrow cells that produce red cells — to stop making fetal hemoglobin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This CRISPR treatment starts with doctors extracting bone marrow cells from patients’ blood. Company scientists then use CRISPR to edit a gene in the cells to make the cells produce fetal hemoglobin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will help the cells make more fetal hemoglobin and make them happier and healthier,” Frangoul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients then undergo the same kind of grueling chemotherapy administered as part of a standard bone marrow transplant. That wipes out the existing cells that are carrying the genetic defect. But instead of receiving new cells from a donor, the patients get billions of their own cells that have been edited with CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that it will provide a treatment option for all patients, including those who can’t find a matched donor. The approach hopefully will be safer because the cells come from patients’ own bone marrow. So they shouldn’t attack patients’ bodies, Frangoul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This opens the door for many patients to potentially be treated and to have their disease modified to be mild” and to avoid the “horrible, horrible long-term side effects of sickle cell disease,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray hopes it works and describes how she imagines a life without sickle cell:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being able to wake up and not be in pain. And to just be tired because I’ve done something — and not just tired for no reason. And just to be outside, and jump on the trampoline with my kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And go to graduations and weddings. And see them grow up. That means the world to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sickle+Cell+Patient+Reveals+Why+She+Is+Volunteering+For+Landmark+Gene-Editing+Study&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Heat Wave Descends on East Bay Hills and I-80 Corridor This Weekend",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a relatively mild July, a potentially dangerous heat wave is expected to descend across a vast swath of East Bay and Central California cities and towns this weekend. The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a heat advisory for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay\u003c/a> inland hills and valleys from Concord to Livermore; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I-80 corridor\u003c/a> from Vallejo out past Sacramento into El Dorado County; and for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450-mile stretch\u003c/a> between Bakersfield and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather officials expect the heat to start up Saturday morning by 11, and last through 11 p.m. Sunday. With temperatures reaching 105 degrees in the East Bay and 109 degrees in the Central Valley, NWS meteorologist Spencer Tangen says people need to be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll have to watch out for these hot temperatures,” he said, “and think about what they can do to prepare for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Widespread 90s and 100s are forecast this afternoon across inland valleys and interior locations 🌡️. Stay safe out there, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BeatTheHeat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BeatTheHeat\u003c/a>! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAwx?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAwx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAheat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAheat\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/h7pRWiateN\">pic.twitter.com/h7pRWiateN\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1155091433789018112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 27, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tangen says it’s important to stay hydrated, reschedule any outside work or exercise to the morning if possible, and avoid high midday temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People without access to air conditioning or a pool can find themselves in a dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> of home temperatures in Antioch and other places around the Bay Area last summer found that staying inside all day and night in a home without air conditioning can be the worst thing to do in a heat wave; every home we measured stayed hotter inside than outside — as much as 15 to 20 degrees hotter. And they stayed hot well into the night, when people’s bodies need to cool off to prevent heat from building up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, seek out public areas with air conditioning such as malls, grocery stores or libraries, and check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/list-cooling-centers-around-the-bay-area/\">this list\u003c/a> of cooling centers near the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1154799593516883968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State public health officials also recommend checking on neighbors and vulnerable people such as the elderly, small children, those who live alone, and those with chronic illness (check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581\">this list\u003c/a> to learn which medications and conditions might make you especially susceptible to heat-related illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1945764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials say everyone should know how to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, cramps, and nausea) and the more medically threatening condition, heat stroke (headache, rapid breathing, nausea, a racing heart rate, and absence of sweating).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, air-conditioned if possible, and drink plenty of water. If you suspect heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately and keep yourself or the other person cool until help arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAPublicHealth/status/1153689725670047744\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Tangen says this weekend’s heat wave is caused by an area of high pressure sweeping over the region. In contrast to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\">June’s heat wave,\u003c/a> temperatures around San Francisco Bay will stay slightly cooler this weekend. Tangen says this is because of a weather pattern called offshore flow, in which cooling winds blow from the ocean to the land and act as “natural air conditioning.” The inland areas where temperatures are expected to climb higher do not receive the cooling effects of offshore flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to be over late Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a relatively mild July, a potentially dangerous heat wave is expected to descend across a vast swath of East Bay and Central California cities and towns this weekend. The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a heat advisory for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay\u003c/a> inland hills and valleys from Concord to Livermore; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I-80 corridor\u003c/a> from Vallejo out past Sacramento into El Dorado County; and for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450-mile stretch\u003c/a> between Bakersfield and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather officials expect the heat to start up Saturday morning by 11, and last through 11 p.m. Sunday. With temperatures reaching 105 degrees in the East Bay and 109 degrees in the Central Valley, NWS meteorologist Spencer Tangen says people need to be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll have to watch out for these hot temperatures,” he said, “and think about what they can do to prepare for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Widespread 90s and 100s are forecast this afternoon across inland valleys and interior locations 🌡️. Stay safe out there, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BeatTheHeat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BeatTheHeat\u003c/a>! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAwx?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAwx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAheat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAheat\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/h7pRWiateN\">pic.twitter.com/h7pRWiateN\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1155091433789018112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 27, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tangen says it’s important to stay hydrated, reschedule any outside work or exercise to the morning if possible, and avoid high midday temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People without access to air conditioning or a pool can find themselves in a dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> of home temperatures in Antioch and other places around the Bay Area last summer found that staying inside all day and night in a home without air conditioning can be the worst thing to do in a heat wave; every home we measured stayed hotter inside than outside — as much as 15 to 20 degrees hotter. And they stayed hot well into the night, when people’s bodies need to cool off to prevent heat from building up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, seek out public areas with air conditioning such as malls, grocery stores or libraries, and check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/list-cooling-centers-around-the-bay-area/\">this list\u003c/a> of cooling centers near the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>State public health officials also recommend checking on neighbors and vulnerable people such as the elderly, small children, those who live alone, and those with chronic illness (check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581\">this list\u003c/a> to learn which medications and conditions might make you especially susceptible to heat-related illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1945764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials say everyone should know how to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, cramps, and nausea) and the more medically threatening condition, heat stroke (headache, rapid breathing, nausea, a racing heart rate, and absence of sweating).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, air-conditioned if possible, and drink plenty of water. If you suspect heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately and keep yourself or the other person cool until help arrives.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Tangen says this weekend’s heat wave is caused by an area of high pressure sweeping over the region. In contrast to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\">June’s heat wave,\u003c/a> temperatures around San Francisco Bay will stay slightly cooler this weekend. Tangen says this is because of a weather pattern called offshore flow, in which cooling winds blow from the ocean to the land and act as “natural air conditioning.” The inland areas where temperatures are expected to climb higher do not receive the cooling effects of offshore flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to be over late Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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