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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Thursday, April 23: \u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962852/accidentally-released-data-on-remdesivir-shows-no-gain-for-coronavirus-patients-drug-maker-gilead-sees-potential-benefit\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Accidentally Released Data on Remdesivir Shows No Gain for Coronavirus Patients. Drug Maker Sees ‘Potential Benefit’\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post: \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nA Chicago hospital treating severe COVID-19 patients with Gilead Sciences’ antiviral medicine remdesivir in a closely watched clinical trial is seeing rapid recoveries in fever and respiratory symptoms, with nearly all patients discharged in less than a week, STAT has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/16/remdesivir-surges-ahead-against-coronavirus/\">Remdesivir\u003c/a> was one of the first medicines identified as having the potential to impact SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, in lab tests. The entire world has been waiting for results from Gilead’s clinical trials, and positive results would likely lead to fast approvals by the Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies. If safe and effective, it could become the first approved treatment against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Chicago Medicine recruited 125 people with COVID-19 into Gilead’s two Phase 3 clinical trials. Of those people, 113 had severe disease. All the patients have been treated with daily infusions of remdesivir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best news is that most of our patients have already been discharged, which is great. We’ve only had two patients perish,” said Kathleen Mullane, the University of Chicago infectious disease specialist overseeing the remdesivir studies for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her comments were made this week during a video discussion about the trial results with other University of Chicago faculty members. The discussion was recorded and STAT obtained a copy of the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcomes offer only a snapshot of remdesivir’s effectiveness. The same trials are being run concurrently at other institutions, and it’s impossible to determine the full study results with any certainty. Still, no other clinical data from the Gilead studies have been released to date, and excitement is high. Last month, President Donald Trump touted the potential for remdesivir — as he has for many still-unproven treatments — and said it “seems to have a very good result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Thursday, Gilead said: “What we can say at this stage is that we look forward to data from ongoing studies becoming available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead had said to expect results for its trial involving severe cases in April. Mullane said during her presentation that data for the first 400 patients in the study would be “locked” by Gilead Thursday, meaning that results could come any day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mullane, while encouraged by the University of Chicago data, made clear her own hesitancy about drawing too many conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always hard,” she said, because the severe trial doesn’t include a placebo group for comparison. “But certainly when we start [the] drug, we see fever curves falling,” she said. “Fever is now not a requirement for people to go on trial, we do see when patients do come in with high fevers, they do [reduce] quite quickly. We have seen people come off ventilators a day after starting therapy. So, in that realm, overall our patients have done very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “Most of our patients are severe and most of them are leaving at six days, so that tells us duration of therapy doesn’t have to be 10 days. We have very few that went out to 10 days, maybe three,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by STAT, Mullane confirmed the authenticity of the footage but declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the data, Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, described them as “encouraging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The severely hit patients are at such high-risk of fatality. So if it’s true that many of the 113 patients were in this category and were discharged, it’s another positive signal that the drug has efficacy,” he said, adding that it will be important to see more data from randomized controlled studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead’s severe COVID-19 study includes 2,400 participants from 152 different clinical trial sites all over the world. Its moderate COVID-19 study includes 1,600 patients in 169 different centers, also all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial is investigating five- and 10-day treatment courses of remdesivir. The primary goal is a statistical comparison of patient improvement between the two treatment arms. Improvement is measured using a seven-point numerical scale that encompasses death (at worst) and discharge from hospital (best outcome), with various degrees of supplemental oxygen and intubation in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of a control arm in the study could make interpreting the results more challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lack of data has led to yo-yoing expectations for the drug. Two studies in China had enrollment suspended partway through because there were not enough patients available. A recent report of patients given the drug under a special program to make it available to those who are very ill generated both excitement and skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In scientific terms, all the data are anecdotal until the full trial reads out, meaning that they should not be used to draw final conclusions. But some of the anecdotes are dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slawomir Michalak, a 57-year-old factory worker from a suburb west of Chicago, was among the participants in the Chicago study. One of his daughters started feeling ill in late March and was later diagnosed with mild COVID-19. Michalak, by contrast, came down with a high fever and reported shortness of breath and severe pain in his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like someone was punching me in the lungs,” he told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his wife’s urging, Michalak went to the University of Chicago Medicine hospital on Friday, April 3. His fever had spiked to 104 and he was struggling to breath. At the hospital, he was given supplemental oxygen. He also agreed to participate in Gilead’s severe COVID-19 clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His first infusion of remdesivir was on Saturday, April 4. “My fever dropped almost immediately and I started to feel better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By his second dose on Sunday, Michalak said he was being weaned off oxygen. He received two more daily infusions of remdesivir and recovered enough to be discharged from the hospital on Tuesday, April 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remdesivir was a miracle,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is waiting to find out if it is really so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1938969/it-took-a-while-but-california-is-now-almost-completely-out-of-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Thursday, April 23: \u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962852/accidentally-released-data-on-remdesivir-shows-no-gain-for-coronavirus-patients-drug-maker-gilead-sees-potential-benefit\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Accidentally Released Data on Remdesivir Shows No Gain for Coronavirus Patients. Drug Maker Sees ‘Potential Benefit’\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post: \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nA Chicago hospital treating severe COVID-19 patients with Gilead Sciences’ antiviral medicine remdesivir in a closely watched clinical trial is seeing rapid recoveries in fever and respiratory symptoms, with nearly all patients discharged in less than a week, STAT has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/16/remdesivir-surges-ahead-against-coronavirus/\">Remdesivir\u003c/a> was one of the first medicines identified as having the potential to impact SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, in lab tests. The entire world has been waiting for results from Gilead’s clinical trials, and positive results would likely lead to fast approvals by the Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies. If safe and effective, it could become the first approved treatment against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Chicago Medicine recruited 125 people with COVID-19 into Gilead’s two Phase 3 clinical trials. Of those people, 113 had severe disease. All the patients have been treated with daily infusions of remdesivir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best news is that most of our patients have already been discharged, which is great. We’ve only had two patients perish,” said Kathleen Mullane, the University of Chicago infectious disease specialist overseeing the remdesivir studies for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her comments were made this week during a video discussion about the trial results with other University of Chicago faculty members. The discussion was recorded and STAT obtained a copy of the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcomes offer only a snapshot of remdesivir’s effectiveness. The same trials are being run concurrently at other institutions, and it’s impossible to determine the full study results with any certainty. Still, no other clinical data from the Gilead studies have been released to date, and excitement is high. Last month, President Donald Trump touted the potential for remdesivir — as he has for many still-unproven treatments — and said it “seems to have a very good result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Thursday, Gilead said: “What we can say at this stage is that we look forward to data from ongoing studies becoming available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead had said to expect results for its trial involving severe cases in April. Mullane said during her presentation that data for the first 400 patients in the study would be “locked” by Gilead Thursday, meaning that results could come any day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mullane, while encouraged by the University of Chicago data, made clear her own hesitancy about drawing too many conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always hard,” she said, because the severe trial doesn’t include a placebo group for comparison. “But certainly when we start [the] drug, we see fever curves falling,” she said. “Fever is now not a requirement for people to go on trial, we do see when patients do come in with high fevers, they do [reduce] quite quickly. We have seen people come off ventilators a day after starting therapy. So, in that realm, overall our patients have done very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “Most of our patients are severe and most of them are leaving at six days, so that tells us duration of therapy doesn’t have to be 10 days. We have very few that went out to 10 days, maybe three,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by STAT, Mullane confirmed the authenticity of the footage but declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the data, Eric Topol, director of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, described them as “encouraging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The severely hit patients are at such high-risk of fatality. So if it’s true that many of the 113 patients were in this category and were discharged, it’s another positive signal that the drug has efficacy,” he said, adding that it will be important to see more data from randomized controlled studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead’s severe COVID-19 study includes 2,400 participants from 152 different clinical trial sites all over the world. Its moderate COVID-19 study includes 1,600 patients in 169 different centers, also all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial is investigating five- and 10-day treatment courses of remdesivir. The primary goal is a statistical comparison of patient improvement between the two treatment arms. Improvement is measured using a seven-point numerical scale that encompasses death (at worst) and discharge from hospital (best outcome), with various degrees of supplemental oxygen and intubation in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of a control arm in the study could make interpreting the results more challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lack of data has led to yo-yoing expectations for the drug. Two studies in China had enrollment suspended partway through because there were not enough patients available. A recent report of patients given the drug under a special program to make it available to those who are very ill generated both excitement and skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In scientific terms, all the data are anecdotal until the full trial reads out, meaning that they should not be used to draw final conclusions. But some of the anecdotes are dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slawomir Michalak, a 57-year-old factory worker from a suburb west of Chicago, was among the participants in the Chicago study. One of his daughters started feeling ill in late March and was later diagnosed with mild COVID-19. Michalak, by contrast, came down with a high fever and reported shortness of breath and severe pain in his back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It felt like someone was punching me in the lungs,” he told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his wife’s urging, Michalak went to the University of Chicago Medicine hospital on Friday, April 3. His fever had spiked to 104 and he was struggling to breath. At the hospital, he was given supplemental oxygen. He also agreed to participate in Gilead’s severe COVID-19 clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His first infusion of remdesivir was on Saturday, April 4. “My fever dropped almost immediately and I started to feel better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By his second dose on Sunday, Michalak said he was being weaned off oxygen. He received two more daily infusions of remdesivir and recovered enough to be discharged from the hospital on Tuesday, April 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remdesivir was a miracle,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is waiting to find out if it is really so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "thousands-of-bay-area-patients-wait-for-surgery-while-hospitals-brace-for-coronavirus-surge",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/388D4827-.jpg\" alt=\"Sassy Outwater-Wright has battled cancer her entire life. She lost her sight to the disease. \" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/388D4827-.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/388D4827--160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sassy Outwater-Wright has battled cancer her entire life. She lost her sight to the disease. \u003ccite>(Miriam Cooper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When COVID-19 started rapidly spreading, hospitals throughout the country canceled elective surgeries to free up hospital beds and conserve protective equipment like masks and gowns\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Surgery departments canceled everything from cosmetic procedures like tummy tucks and gastric bypasses to brain surgeries and organ transplants. In the Bay Area, all in-person care is delayed for all but the most worrisome cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shut down the O.R. almost lock, stock and barrel,” said Dr. Philip Theodosopoulos, a UCSF neurosurgeon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In mid-March, he says, nearly 2,000 procedures at UCSF medical center were canceled in order to prepare for a surge of COVID patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These include cancer, aneurysms; include things that cause ischemia to the brain and to the body. This is not just brain surgery. This is all surgery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seriously Ill Patients Weigh the Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sassy Outwater-Wright is one patient who has had to wait. A rare cancer, called retinoblastoma, attacked her eyesight when she was a baby, causing her to lose her vision. Today the Berkeley resident runs an advocacy organization for the blind and visually impaired. She goes to the doctor a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve kind of been playing whack-a-mole with tumors for the past 12 years,” said Outwater-Wright, a tall, 37-year-old redhead. “They get one; the other one starts growing. The other one needs attention; they get that one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another tumor in her head right now. She was scheduled to have it removed, until her doctors determined it wasn’t safe to open her skull during a pandemic. Outwater-Wright was told the infection risk was too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure is on\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> hold. Her tumor isn’t. She lies awake at night, weighing the risks.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The threat to my life from a tumor that’s sitting in my head versus the threat from a virus that’s loose in a hospital,” she said. “And nobody can weigh those odds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]‘The threat to my life from a tumor that’s sitting in my head versus the threat from a virus that’s loose in a hospital. And nobody can weigh those odds.’[/pullquote]Outwater-Wright is one of many critically ill patients sidelined but not sickened by COVID-19. Rosemary Pathy-McKinney is also waiting for brain surgery. She started feeling a lot of pressure in her head around New Year’s. Then the right side of her face started to occasionally feel numb and tingle. Her glasses were no longer strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In February, Pathy-McKinney visited an urgent care clinic in San Jose, where doctors discovered two brain tumors. Suddenly the second-grade school teacher and mother of two was fighting a grave illness at the same time COVID was spreading around her.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first available slot for brain surgery was a month later, in mid- March. Pathy-McKinney stayed cloistered in her home while she counted down the days to her operation because she couldn’t afford to become infected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m compromised medically, right with what’s going on with me,” she said. “It worries me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The day before her surgery, Pathy-McKinney drove to San Francisco for a preoperative MRI at UCSF medical center. Doctors shaved her head and marked future incisions in blue. She lay perfectly still while a radiologist peered inside her skull to determine where to cut. She breathed a huge sigh of relief an hour later when they slid her out of the cramped enclosure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But just as she was walking out to the waiting room, she learned that her surgery the next day was canceled \u003c/span>until further notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Can she wait more than a month?” questions Dr. Theodosopoulos, Pathy-McKinney’s neurosurgeon. “I would say, well, not without a deficit. Probably not.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still Waiting on the Surge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pathy-McKinney\u003c/span> waited frantically at home, her head throbbed and her vision worsened. Meanwhile, the UCSF Medical Center never filled up with COVID-19 patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962130\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/IMG_8259-1-e1587051507472.jpg\" alt=\"Rosemary Pathy-McKinney was diagnosed with two brain tumors in February just as the coronavirus was starting to spread in the Bay Area.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1461\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosemary Pathy-McKinney was diagnosed with two brain tumors in February just as the coronavirus was starting to spread in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Rick McKinney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re pretty much at a standstill, truly,” said Dr. Theodosopoulos.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two hundred hospital beds sit empty at UCSF, and that has raised an ethical \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">question.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There are a lot of diagnoses that we don’t really know how long we can wait,” Theodosopoulos said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s why just this week UCSF rescheduled a few surgeries for the most urgent cases. Fortunately Pathy-McKinney was one of them. A nurse sent her husband a text after the procedure, saying all went well. The hospital is not allowing any visitors right now. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sassy Outwater-Wright also received encouraging news this week from her medical team. She has an appointment on Friday to determine whether it’s safe to operate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Others will have to wait, as large medical facilities like Stanford Health and Kaiser Permanente have yet to start rescheduling elective surgical procedures. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Theodosopoulos of UCSF estimates it will take about six months for the surgery department to catch up on all the procedures that were put on hold. That’s assuming another wave of COVID-19 cases don’t emerge and create a further backlog. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962112\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962112\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/388D4827-.jpg\" alt=\"Sassy Outwater-Wright has battled cancer her entire life. She lost her sight to the disease. \" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/388D4827-.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/388D4827--160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sassy Outwater-Wright has battled cancer her entire life. She lost her sight to the disease. \u003ccite>(Miriam Cooper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When COVID-19 started rapidly spreading, hospitals throughout the country canceled elective surgeries to free up hospital beds and conserve protective equipment like masks and gowns\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Surgery departments canceled everything from cosmetic procedures like tummy tucks and gastric bypasses to brain surgeries and organ transplants. In the Bay Area, all in-person care is delayed for all but the most worrisome cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shut down the O.R. almost lock, stock and barrel,” said Dr. Philip Theodosopoulos, a UCSF neurosurgeon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In mid-March, he says, nearly 2,000 procedures at UCSF medical center were canceled in order to prepare for a surge of COVID patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These include cancer, aneurysms; include things that cause ischemia to the brain and to the body. This is not just brain surgery. This is all surgery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seriously Ill Patients Weigh the Risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sassy Outwater-Wright is one patient who has had to wait. A rare cancer, called retinoblastoma, attacked her eyesight when she was a baby, causing her to lose her vision. Today the Berkeley resident runs an advocacy organization for the blind and visually impaired. She goes to the doctor a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve kind of been playing whack-a-mole with tumors for the past 12 years,” said Outwater-Wright, a tall, 37-year-old redhead. “They get one; the other one starts growing. The other one needs attention; they get that one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another tumor in her head right now. She was scheduled to have it removed, until her doctors determined it wasn’t safe to open her skull during a pandemic. Outwater-Wright was told the infection risk was too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The procedure is on\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> hold. Her tumor isn’t. She lies awake at night, weighing the risks.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The threat to my life from a tumor that’s sitting in my head versus the threat from a virus that’s loose in a hospital,” she said. “And nobody can weigh those odds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Outwater-Wright is one of many critically ill patients sidelined but not sickened by COVID-19. Rosemary Pathy-McKinney is also waiting for brain surgery. She started feeling a lot of pressure in her head around New Year’s. Then the right side of her face started to occasionally feel numb and tingle. Her glasses were no longer strong enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In February, Pathy-McKinney visited an urgent care clinic in San Jose, where doctors discovered two brain tumors. Suddenly the second-grade school teacher and mother of two was fighting a grave illness at the same time COVID was spreading around her.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first available slot for brain surgery was a month later, in mid- March. Pathy-McKinney stayed cloistered in her home while she counted down the days to her operation because she couldn’t afford to become infected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m compromised medically, right with what’s going on with me,” she said. “It worries me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The day before her surgery, Pathy-McKinney drove to San Francisco for a preoperative MRI at UCSF medical center. Doctors shaved her head and marked future incisions in blue. She lay perfectly still while a radiologist peered inside her skull to determine where to cut. She breathed a huge sigh of relief an hour later when they slid her out of the cramped enclosure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But just as she was walking out to the waiting room, she learned that her surgery the next day was canceled \u003c/span>until further notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Can she wait more than a month?” questions Dr. Theodosopoulos, Pathy-McKinney’s neurosurgeon. “I would say, well, not without a deficit. Probably not.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still Waiting on the Surge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pathy-McKinney\u003c/span> waited frantically at home, her head throbbed and her vision worsened. Meanwhile, the UCSF Medical Center never filled up with COVID-19 patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1962130\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1962130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/IMG_8259-1-e1587051507472.jpg\" alt=\"Rosemary Pathy-McKinney was diagnosed with two brain tumors in February just as the coronavirus was starting to spread in the Bay Area.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1461\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosemary Pathy-McKinney was diagnosed with two brain tumors in February just as the coronavirus was starting to spread in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Rick McKinney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re pretty much at a standstill, truly,” said Dr. Theodosopoulos.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two hundred hospital beds sit empty at UCSF, and that has raised an ethical \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">question.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There are a lot of diagnoses that we don’t really know how long we can wait,” Theodosopoulos said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s why just this week UCSF rescheduled a few surgeries for the most urgent cases. Fortunately Pathy-McKinney was one of them. A nurse sent her husband a text after the procedure, saying all went well. The hospital is not allowing any visitors right now. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sassy Outwater-Wright also received encouraging news this week from her medical team. She has an appointment on Friday to determine whether it’s safe to operate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Others will have to wait, as large medical facilities like Stanford Health and Kaiser Permanente have yet to start rescheduling elective surgical procedures. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Theodosopoulos of UCSF estimates it will take about six months for the surgery department to catch up on all the procedures that were put on hold. That’s assuming another wave of COVID-19 cases don’t emerge and create a further backlog. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Some Physical Distancing May Be Necessary in the U.S. for Years, Researchers Say",
"headTitle": "Some Physical Distancing May Be Necessary in the U.S. for Years, Researchers Say | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A modeling study on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/tag/coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new coronavirus\u003c/a> warns that intermittent periods of social distancing may need to persist into 2022 in the United States to keep the surge of people severely sickened by COVID-19 from overwhelming the health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research, \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/04/13/science.abb5793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the journal Science, looked at a range of scenarios for how the SARS-CoV-2 virus will spread over the next five years. Those scenarios included variables like whether people who are infected develop short-term immunity — less than a year — or longer-term protection. But, overall, the research concludes it is unlikely that life will return any time soon to the way it was before the virus’ emergence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health, acknowledged the economic fallout from the response to the virus has been profound. And they stressed they were not advocating one course of action over another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal in modeling such policies is not to endorse them but to identify likely trajectories of the epidemic under alternative approaches,” they wrote. “We do not take a position on the advisability of these scenarios given the economic burden that sustained distancing may impose, but we note the potentially catastrophic burden on the healthcare system that is predicted if distancing is poorly effective and-or not sustained for long enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors suggest a number of factors will play a major role in the path the disease will take over the coming years — if transmission subsides in summer and resurges in winter, if there is some immunity induced by infection and how long it lasts, and whether people get any cross-protective immunity from having been infected with related human coronaviruses that cause common colds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of the latter, they suggest if infection with the human coronaviruses, HKU1 and OC43, gives some protection again SARS-CoV-2, it could appear that transmission of the new virus was tapering off. But a return within a few years would be expected, perhaps by 2024, they suggested. The two human coronaviruses induce only short-term immunity — less than a year — in infected people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If SARS-CoV-2 triggers immunity of a similarly transient nature, annual wintertime waves of infection might be expected, they said. If the immunity lasts longer, the time between surges of cases might be a couple of years, or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if immunity is permanent, the pandemic might burn itself out by about 2025, they said. The researchers suggested, though, that that scenario is unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model predicts that a one-time social distancing effort of the type currently being employed in most parts of the country will not stop transmission of the virus. If treatments are developed that can prevent COVID-19 patients from progressing to severe disease or if a vaccine is developed, movement restrictions could be loosened without health care capacity being overwhelmed, the researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, increasing the capacity for intensive care beds could also allow a community to loosen its restrictions, as long as it could cope with the severe cases the increased spread would generate. That could speed progress towards herd immunity — the point where enough people have some immunity that transmission should drop off, they said. Without these extra tools, though, transmission will resurge once controls are loosened, the authors warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I think distancing interventions of some sort are going to have to continue, hopefully lightened and in conjunction with other interventions,” said Marc Lipsitch, a leading infectious diseases epidemiologist and senior author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infectious diseases epidemiologist Caitlin Rivers said the modeling work will be useful for public health officials and disease experts trying to plan for the continued response to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this is saying is that SARS-CoV-2 will stay with us through 2022, that it’s not going to die down to nothing in the summer. So I think it’s helpful for thinking what interventions are sustainable and effective,” said Rivers, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. “If we knew that we only had to make it through another two weeks, we might make different decisions than understanding that this is a threat that will be with us for many months,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While acknowledging that intermittent periods of distancing over several years “is obviously a very long time,’’ Lipsitch said loosened restrictions could come sooner if scientists discovered that a lot more people have been infected already and have some immunity. He and his co-authors stressed how critical it is to conduct long-term serology studies designed to map out human immune responses to the virus over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, there are some indications coming out at the moment that not every case of COVID-19 infection … generates a robust immune response, which would mean that the build up of herd immunity is slower than its anticipated here,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study does not look at whether imposing social distancing only among certain high-risk groups — including older adults and those with serious underlying health problems — might keep the number of severe cases low enough that health systems would be able to handle them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of the authors, Yonatan Grad, said tailoring restrictions to high-risk groups would be an important idea. But one would also need to factor in whether people who had been freed from social distancing restrictions would then interact with people in those restricted groups — something that might depend on the composition of individual households, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipsitch acknowledged that delaying the development of herd immunity — effectively keeping large numbers of people susceptible to the virus by shielding them from infection — runs a risk of creating a larger wave of illness later, if controls are eased during a time when the virus transmits more easily, as it is expected to do during winter months. But delaying infections buys time, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pushing bad things out into the future is something we want to do because we should know more about treatments, we may be closer to a vaccine,” he said. “So there is some benefit to delay, but it might be offset in the seasonal scenario where we push the peak into the high transmission time around the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/14/some-social-distancing-may-be-needed-into-2022-to-keep-coronavirus-in-check-new-study-says/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=e907cd26ff-Daily_Recap&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961-e907cd26ff-151495997\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A modeling study on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/tag/coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new coronavirus\u003c/a> warns that intermittent periods of social distancing may need to persist into 2022 in the United States to keep the surge of people severely sickened by COVID-19 from overwhelming the health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research, \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/04/13/science.abb5793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the journal Science, looked at a range of scenarios for how the SARS-CoV-2 virus will spread over the next five years. Those scenarios included variables like whether people who are infected develop short-term immunity — less than a year — or longer-term protection. But, overall, the research concludes it is unlikely that life will return any time soon to the way it was before the virus’ emergence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers, from Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health, acknowledged the economic fallout from the response to the virus has been profound. And they stressed they were not advocating one course of action over another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal in modeling such policies is not to endorse them but to identify likely trajectories of the epidemic under alternative approaches,” they wrote. “We do not take a position on the advisability of these scenarios given the economic burden that sustained distancing may impose, but we note the potentially catastrophic burden on the healthcare system that is predicted if distancing is poorly effective and-or not sustained for long enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors suggest a number of factors will play a major role in the path the disease will take over the coming years — if transmission subsides in summer and resurges in winter, if there is some immunity induced by infection and how long it lasts, and whether people get any cross-protective immunity from having been infected with related human coronaviruses that cause common colds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of the latter, they suggest if infection with the human coronaviruses, HKU1 and OC43, gives some protection again SARS-CoV-2, it could appear that transmission of the new virus was tapering off. But a return within a few years would be expected, perhaps by 2024, they suggested. The two human coronaviruses induce only short-term immunity — less than a year — in infected people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If SARS-CoV-2 triggers immunity of a similarly transient nature, annual wintertime waves of infection might be expected, they said. If the immunity lasts longer, the time between surges of cases might be a couple of years, or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if immunity is permanent, the pandemic might burn itself out by about 2025, they said. The researchers suggested, though, that that scenario is unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model predicts that a one-time social distancing effort of the type currently being employed in most parts of the country will not stop transmission of the virus. If treatments are developed that can prevent COVID-19 patients from progressing to severe disease or if a vaccine is developed, movement restrictions could be loosened without health care capacity being overwhelmed, the researchers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, increasing the capacity for intensive care beds could also allow a community to loosen its restrictions, as long as it could cope with the severe cases the increased spread would generate. That could speed progress towards herd immunity — the point where enough people have some immunity that transmission should drop off, they said. Without these extra tools, though, transmission will resurge once controls are loosened, the authors warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I think distancing interventions of some sort are going to have to continue, hopefully lightened and in conjunction with other interventions,” said Marc Lipsitch, a leading infectious diseases epidemiologist and senior author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infectious diseases epidemiologist Caitlin Rivers said the modeling work will be useful for public health officials and disease experts trying to plan for the continued response to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this is saying is that SARS-CoV-2 will stay with us through 2022, that it’s not going to die down to nothing in the summer. So I think it’s helpful for thinking what interventions are sustainable and effective,” said Rivers, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. “If we knew that we only had to make it through another two weeks, we might make different decisions than understanding that this is a threat that will be with us for many months,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While acknowledging that intermittent periods of distancing over several years “is obviously a very long time,’’ Lipsitch said loosened restrictions could come sooner if scientists discovered that a lot more people have been infected already and have some immunity. He and his co-authors stressed how critical it is to conduct long-term serology studies designed to map out human immune responses to the virus over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the other hand, there are some indications coming out at the moment that not every case of COVID-19 infection … generates a robust immune response, which would mean that the build up of herd immunity is slower than its anticipated here,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study does not look at whether imposing social distancing only among certain high-risk groups — including older adults and those with serious underlying health problems — might keep the number of severe cases low enough that health systems would be able to handle them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of the authors, Yonatan Grad, said tailoring restrictions to high-risk groups would be an important idea. But one would also need to factor in whether people who had been freed from social distancing restrictions would then interact with people in those restricted groups — something that might depend on the composition of individual households, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipsitch acknowledged that delaying the development of herd immunity — effectively keeping large numbers of people susceptible to the virus by shielding them from infection — runs a risk of creating a larger wave of illness later, if controls are eased during a time when the virus transmits more easily, as it is expected to do during winter months. But delaying infections buys time, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pushing bad things out into the future is something we want to do because we should know more about treatments, we may be closer to a vaccine,” he said. “So there is some benefit to delay, but it might be offset in the seasonal scenario where we push the peak into the high transmission time around the winter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/14/some-social-distancing-may-be-needed-into-2022-to-keep-coronavirus-in-check-new-study-says/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=e907cd26ff-Daily_Recap&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961-e907cd26ff-151495997\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Looking to End of Shutdown, Hospitals Rush to Hire 'Army' of Coronavirus Trackers",
"headTitle": "Looking to End of Shutdown, Hospitals Rush to Hire ‘Army’ of Coronavirus Trackers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">K\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.J. Seung is surprised to be hiring and training new workers in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His public health nonprofit, Partners in Health, specializes in helping the poorest people in developing nations — tracking down contacts of Ebola patients in Liberia and Sierra Leone; running child health and HIV clinics in Haiti; and operating tuberculosis control programs in Peru. But now it is advertising for 500 people to help do what’s known as contact tracing to try to control Covid-19 in Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the first step in the next stage of fighting the pandemic. Boston-based Partners in Health has trained 12,000 community health workers in countries including Malawi, Mexico, and Rwanda and now it will help train a battalion of workers in Massachusetts to interview everyone diagnosed with Covid-19 and find other people who may have been infected by them. This old-fashioned, shoe-leather public health approach contained the SARS outbreak in 2003 and 2004, and public health experts agree it will be vital to eventual control of the new disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never thought we would be doing this kind of work here,” Seung, senior health and policy adviser for tuberculosis at Partners In Health, told STAT. “We never thought we would be in a once-in-100-year pandemic, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined with more widespread testing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-spreads-too-fast-for-contact-tracing-digital-tools-could-help/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contact tracing\u003c/a> is seen as an essential part of the strategy for keeping the coronavirus in check after the first wave recedes and the economy reopens. But the work is highly labor-intensive, and public health departments across the U.S. have been woefully underfunded for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to test the capacity of the existing public health system,” said Marcus Plescia, chief medical officer of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. “I don’t know if we have enough staff in public health departments to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the hiring spree kicking off in Massachusetts and a few other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partners in Health is working with state officials in Massachusetts, who say they will eventually \u003ca href=\"https://www.mass.gov/news/baker-polito-administration-announces-covid-19-community-tracing-collaborative-to-further\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deploy nearly 1,000 people\u003c/a> to do contact tracing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco this weekend, three dozen volunteer nurses, medical students, and librarians started training at the University of California, San Francisco — the first of an expected 100 people who will supplement the city’s 10-person contact-tracing workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are providing the people to make phone calls, we are working on standard scripts, we are working on IT solutions, training, and we are fielding teams of contact tracers,” said George Rutherford, UCSF’s head of disease and global epidemiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the only way to contain further spread of Covid-19 once the initial surge is past, and get into the suppression phase, argues Tom Frieden, a former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “We need an army of 300,000 people,” he told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current CDC director, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/04/an-interview-with-the-cdc-director-on-coronavirus-masks-and-an-agency-gone-quiet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Redfield\u003c/a>, said last week that a “substantial expansion of public health fieldworkers” will be needed to undertake aggressive contact tracing — “what I call ‘block and tackle.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/10/831200054/cdc-director-very-aggressive-contact-tracing-needed-for-u-s-to-return-to-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Speaking to NPR\u003c/a> on Thursday, he said it would be “premature” to say how CDC would expand contact tracing but that planning was “far along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Frieden said he doubted the federal government would help much immediately. “Until the federal response is more coherent, each state is going to be on its own,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, the CDC would be taking the lead, Plescia added. “Right now, they are pretty maxed out. It is the state and local governments who will have to train people and have a system that works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $2 trillion stimulus package signed into law last month creates a $150 billion Coronavirus Relief Fund for states and local and tribal governments, plus gives $4.3 billion via the CDC to help in responding to the pandemic. The money is not earmarked for epidemiology but states could, in theory, use some of the money for hiring workers to do contact tracing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Harvey, executive director of the National Coalition of STD Directors, has seen a steady drop in the number of staff in state and local health agencies trained to track down contacts of patients with sexually transmitted diseases, even as \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/19/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds-rates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STD rates have soared\u003c/a>. These same workers would have been immediately available to work on coronavirus. Now states will have to hire a fresh corps. “We need to radically increase the numbers of these positions in order to help the country recover,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty years ago, this workforce had a high of 5,000 or 6,000 people,” Harvey told STAT. “Today it is only 1,600. The reality is that we at least need a work force of 30,000 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frieden puts the needed number at 10 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, potential workers are right at hand, with so many jobs lost to Covid-19 over the past weeks. “There are a lot of people out there,” Frieden said. “There are college graduates, people working at social service agencies, social workers, child health workers, people doing Meals on Wheels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology can help, and numerous apps are being developed to speed up the process of tracking down contacts. But public health experts said such tools won’t eliminate the need for thousands of new workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costs would be relatively low – maybe $720 million for 30,000 workers, said Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States are not even close to having enough workers, and most state health departments contacted by STAT said they had not begun to think that far ahead. Florida, a state with the one of the smallest epidemiology work forces, hired 100 people in one weekend last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/18/how-did-florida-hire-100-epidemiologists-in-a-weekend-heres-how/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to the Tampa Bay Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, there are other barriers, Holtgrave noted. To diagnose cases, many more tests are needed. And any in-person contact will require personal protective equipment, also in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Partners in Health plans to start workers out on the back end, interviewing patients who have already been diagnosed to find their contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not knocking on doors,” Seung said. “People are working in their homes and they are making phone calls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One piece of good news – it’s not hard to find people who want to do the work. Seung says his office has received more than 5,000 applications for the 500 jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are really grasping to do something,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/26/containing-new-coronavirus-may-not-be-feasible-experts-say/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=b4213b1d3b-MR_COPY_02&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961-b4213b1d3b-149648249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">K\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.J. Seung is surprised to be hiring and training new workers in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His public health nonprofit, Partners in Health, specializes in helping the poorest people in developing nations — tracking down contacts of Ebola patients in Liberia and Sierra Leone; running child health and HIV clinics in Haiti; and operating tuberculosis control programs in Peru. But now it is advertising for 500 people to help do what’s known as contact tracing to try to control Covid-19 in Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the first step in the next stage of fighting the pandemic. Boston-based Partners in Health has trained 12,000 community health workers in countries including Malawi, Mexico, and Rwanda and now it will help train a battalion of workers in Massachusetts to interview everyone diagnosed with Covid-19 and find other people who may have been infected by them. This old-fashioned, shoe-leather public health approach contained the SARS outbreak in 2003 and 2004, and public health experts agree it will be vital to eventual control of the new disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We never thought we would be doing this kind of work here,” Seung, senior health and policy adviser for tuberculosis at Partners In Health, told STAT. “We never thought we would be in a once-in-100-year pandemic, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined with more widespread testing, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-spreads-too-fast-for-contact-tracing-digital-tools-could-help/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">contact tracing\u003c/a> is seen as an essential part of the strategy for keeping the coronavirus in check after the first wave recedes and the economy reopens. But the work is highly labor-intensive, and public health departments across the U.S. have been woefully underfunded for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is going to test the capacity of the existing public health system,” said Marcus Plescia, chief medical officer of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. “I don’t know if we have enough staff in public health departments to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the hiring spree kicking off in Massachusetts and a few other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partners in Health is working with state officials in Massachusetts, who say they will eventually \u003ca href=\"https://www.mass.gov/news/baker-polito-administration-announces-covid-19-community-tracing-collaborative-to-further\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">deploy nearly 1,000 people\u003c/a> to do contact tracing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco this weekend, three dozen volunteer nurses, medical students, and librarians started training at the University of California, San Francisco — the first of an expected 100 people who will supplement the city’s 10-person contact-tracing workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are providing the people to make phone calls, we are working on standard scripts, we are working on IT solutions, training, and we are fielding teams of contact tracers,” said George Rutherford, UCSF’s head of disease and global epidemiology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the only way to contain further spread of Covid-19 once the initial surge is past, and get into the suppression phase, argues Tom Frieden, a former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “We need an army of 300,000 people,” he told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current CDC director, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/04/an-interview-with-the-cdc-director-on-coronavirus-masks-and-an-agency-gone-quiet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Redfield\u003c/a>, said last week that a “substantial expansion of public health fieldworkers” will be needed to undertake aggressive contact tracing — “what I call ‘block and tackle.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/10/831200054/cdc-director-very-aggressive-contact-tracing-needed-for-u-s-to-return-to-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Speaking to NPR\u003c/a> on Thursday, he said it would be “premature” to say how CDC would expand contact tracing but that planning was “far along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Frieden said he doubted the federal government would help much immediately. “Until the federal response is more coherent, each state is going to be on its own,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, the CDC would be taking the lead, Plescia added. “Right now, they are pretty maxed out. It is the state and local governments who will have to train people and have a system that works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $2 trillion stimulus package signed into law last month creates a $150 billion Coronavirus Relief Fund for states and local and tribal governments, plus gives $4.3 billion via the CDC to help in responding to the pandemic. The money is not earmarked for epidemiology but states could, in theory, use some of the money for hiring workers to do contact tracing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Harvey, executive director of the National Coalition of STD Directors, has seen a steady drop in the number of staff in state and local health agencies trained to track down contacts of patients with sexually transmitted diseases, even as \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/10/19/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds-rates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STD rates have soared\u003c/a>. These same workers would have been immediately available to work on coronavirus. Now states will have to hire a fresh corps. “We need to radically increase the numbers of these positions in order to help the country recover,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty years ago, this workforce had a high of 5,000 or 6,000 people,” Harvey told STAT. “Today it is only 1,600. The reality is that we at least need a work force of 30,000 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frieden puts the needed number at 10 times that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, potential workers are right at hand, with so many jobs lost to Covid-19 over the past weeks. “There are a lot of people out there,” Frieden said. “There are college graduates, people working at social service agencies, social workers, child health workers, people doing Meals on Wheels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology can help, and numerous apps are being developed to speed up the process of tracking down contacts. But public health experts said such tools won’t eliminate the need for thousands of new workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costs would be relatively low – maybe $720 million for 30,000 workers, said Harvey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States are not even close to having enough workers, and most state health departments contacted by STAT said they had not begun to think that far ahead. Florida, a state with the one of the smallest epidemiology work forces, hired 100 people in one weekend last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tampabay.com/news/health/2020/03/18/how-did-florida-hire-100-epidemiologists-in-a-weekend-heres-how/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">according to the Tampa Bay Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, there are other barriers, Holtgrave noted. To diagnose cases, many more tests are needed. And any in-person contact will require personal protective equipment, also in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Partners in Health plans to start workers out on the back end, interviewing patients who have already been diagnosed to find their contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not knocking on doors,” Seung said. “People are working in their homes and they are making phone calls.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One piece of good news – it’s not hard to find people who want to do the work. Seung says his office has received more than 5,000 applications for the 500 jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are really grasping to do something,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/26/containing-new-coronavirus-may-not-be-feasible-experts-say/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=b4213b1d3b-MR_COPY_02&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961-b4213b1d3b-149648249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "COVID-19 Antibody Testing Ramps Up in California",
"headTitle": "COVID-19 Antibody Testing Ramps Up in California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When infected with a virus or other pathogen, our immune system makes proteins called antibodies to fight off the infection. Now, scientists and health officials say newly authorized blood tests for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0553-6?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&utm_campaign=5907ab71f9-briefing-dy-20200408&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-5907ab71f9-44182637\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19 antibodies\u003c/a> may be key to tracking the spread of the virus and figuring out who could return to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']A growing number of academic and private labs in California have begun running serological, or blood, tests for COVID-19 antibodies, including Stanford University as well as USC in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike nasal swab tests that detect who currently has the virus, antibody tests can capture those who already had it but were asymptomatic or never tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will give a lot more information about penetrance in the community,” said Spenser Smith, lab director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcpointlabs.com/monterey-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ARCpoint Labs\u003c/a> of Monterey. The small private lab began running the skin-prick test last week on frontline health workers and other first responders. Tests are available by appointment or referrals from health care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just have to poke on the finger, a couple of drops of blood and it kind of looks like a pregnancy test,” he said. “You’ll see a little line there denoting it was positive for those antibodies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says the test looks for two distinct COVID-19 antibodies, one the body produces to fight the virus right away and another that could be important for lasting immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hopeful that once you’re exposed, you’ll be immune, at least for the season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the science behind antibody tests is well-established, researchers are still trying to determine if COVID-19 antibodies prevent reinfection and for how long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-serological-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently authorized\u003c/a> the emergency use of COVID-19 serological testing in the U.S., but more data is needed to determine the reliability of some of the tests that are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charity Dean, assistant director of the California Department of Public Health and co-chair of the state’s testing task force, says once there’s more data, the state could begin using antibody tests to help determine who can stop sheltering at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the benefits of doing the serology test in California is if these tests do, in fact, reflect immunity by someone who has been previously infected, it will help give California data that can inform our strategy,” Dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that the test to detect the antibody will actually be detecting immunity and be able to be scaled up…so that people who have been infected can go back to providing the critical services that they provide without the risk of becoming reinfected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith’s lab has focused on frontline workers who have a high risk of exposure. He says ARCpoint is running about 150 tests a day via drive-through, and that some people have tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies. The lab is sharing that data with the Monterey County Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/04/04/coronavirus-new-stanford-research-reveals-if-youve-been-exposed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford University\u003c/a> recently launched multiple projects to study and deploy serology tests for COVID-19 antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. James Zehnder, director of clinical pathology at Stanford, says the university validated an antibody test through a rigorous study in its clinical lab over the course of two weeks. This means they tested for antibodies in people with known coronavirus infections, as well as testing a control group who did not have the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university says first priority for antibody testing is given to health care workers, but testing is open to the entire Stanford community — including students, faculty and staff. Stanford can currently run about 500 tests per day, but plans to increase capacity soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the lab test, which requires a blood draw, are ready within two to three days. Zehnder says while the wait is longer than point-of-care skin-prick tests, the results are potentially more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a proliferation of these point-of-care tests, and I think one concern that we have is that they need to be compared to sort of gold standard testing in clinical laboratories,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zehnder says antibody tests will help researchers determine the rate of COVID-19 infections in the region, accounting for the potential number of asymptomatic cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s two goals, really,” he said. “To ensure the safety of the workforce, and also to get a better idea in the community what the status of this disease is and how people are responding to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it can take two to three weeks for an infected person’s immune response to kick in and for antibodies to be detected, he says it can be done in tandem with nasal swab testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having both kinds of data allows you to have a more accurate picture of what’s going in an individual person at a moment in time,” Zehnder said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serological testing may be key to developing vaccines and plasma treatments for the disease using antibody-rich blood. It could also help scientists determine if the population has lasting immunity. But Zehnder says we’re not there yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are research questions that everyone in the world wants to know the answer to. So we’re in the data collection phase now. And there’s researchers at Stanford and many institutions that are working together on this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When infected with a virus or other pathogen, our immune system makes proteins called antibodies to fight off the infection. Now, scientists and health officials say newly authorized blood tests for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-020-0553-6?utm_source=Nature+Briefing&utm_campaign=5907ab71f9-briefing-dy-20200408&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_c9dfd39373-5907ab71f9-44182637\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19 antibodies\u003c/a> may be key to tracking the spread of the virus and figuring out who could return to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A growing number of academic and private labs in California have begun running serological, or blood, tests for COVID-19 antibodies, including Stanford University as well as USC in conjunction with the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike nasal swab tests that detect who currently has the virus, antibody tests can capture those who already had it but were asymptomatic or never tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will give a lot more information about penetrance in the community,” said Spenser Smith, lab director at \u003ca href=\"https://www.arcpointlabs.com/monterey-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ARCpoint Labs\u003c/a> of Monterey. The small private lab began running the skin-prick test last week on frontline health workers and other first responders. Tests are available by appointment or referrals from health care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just have to poke on the finger, a couple of drops of blood and it kind of looks like a pregnancy test,” he said. “You’ll see a little line there denoting it was positive for those antibodies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says the test looks for two distinct COVID-19 antibodies, one the body produces to fight the virus right away and another that could be important for lasting immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hopeful that once you’re exposed, you’ll be immune, at least for the season,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the science behind antibody tests is well-established, researchers are still trying to determine if COVID-19 antibodies prevent reinfection and for how long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-serological-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently authorized\u003c/a> the emergency use of COVID-19 serological testing in the U.S., but more data is needed to determine the reliability of some of the tests that are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charity Dean, assistant director of the California Department of Public Health and co-chair of the state’s testing task force, says once there’s more data, the state could begin using antibody tests to help determine who can stop sheltering at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the benefits of doing the serology test in California is if these tests do, in fact, reflect immunity by someone who has been previously infected, it will help give California data that can inform our strategy,” Dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that the test to detect the antibody will actually be detecting immunity and be able to be scaled up…so that people who have been infected can go back to providing the critical services that they provide without the risk of becoming reinfected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith’s lab has focused on frontline workers who have a high risk of exposure. He says ARCpoint is running about 150 tests a day via drive-through, and that some people have tested positive for COVID-19 antibodies. The lab is sharing that data with the Monterey County Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/04/04/coronavirus-new-stanford-research-reveals-if-youve-been-exposed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford University\u003c/a> recently launched multiple projects to study and deploy serology tests for COVID-19 antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. James Zehnder, director of clinical pathology at Stanford, says the university validated an antibody test through a rigorous study in its clinical lab over the course of two weeks. This means they tested for antibodies in people with known coronavirus infections, as well as testing a control group who did not have the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university says first priority for antibody testing is given to health care workers, but testing is open to the entire Stanford community — including students, faculty and staff. Stanford can currently run about 500 tests per day, but plans to increase capacity soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the lab test, which requires a blood draw, are ready within two to three days. Zehnder says while the wait is longer than point-of-care skin-prick tests, the results are potentially more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a proliferation of these point-of-care tests, and I think one concern that we have is that they need to be compared to sort of gold standard testing in clinical laboratories,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zehnder says antibody tests will help researchers determine the rate of COVID-19 infections in the region, accounting for the potential number of asymptomatic cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s two goals, really,” he said. “To ensure the safety of the workforce, and also to get a better idea in the community what the status of this disease is and how people are responding to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it can take two to three weeks for an infected person’s immune response to kick in and for antibodies to be detected, he says it can be done in tandem with nasal swab testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having both kinds of data allows you to have a more accurate picture of what’s going in an individual person at a moment in time,” Zehnder said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serological testing may be key to developing vaccines and plasma treatments for the disease using antibody-rich blood. It could also help scientists determine if the population has lasting immunity. But Zehnder says we’re not there yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are research questions that everyone in the world wants to know the answer to. So we’re in the data collection phase now. And there’s researchers at Stanford and many institutions that are working together on this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area’s grueling commute has all but disappeared as millions of people stay home at the order of public health officials seeking to slow the spread of this coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As millions of cars sit parked on the street or collect dust in garages, and public transit agencies drastically reduce service, researchers with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District say there’s some indication that regional air pollution is way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffic is the top contributor to air pollution in the Bay Area,” Kristine Roselius, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email. “Reducing the number of cars and trucks on our roads can have a significant, positive effect on our air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the agency took early reports estimating bridge traffic was down by 70% and used them to calculate a corresponding reduction in pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s numbers show a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roselius said the estimate is likely “conservative” and traffic could have dipped by even more, though she cautions that researchers need to see more data before they can detect an actual trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/port-of-oakland-updates/\">says\u003c/a> shipping traffic was down 11% in March. That could also contribute to a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, weather plays a major role in local air quality. A persistent low-pressure system hovering over Southern California has kept the air crisp and clear, according to Rick Canepa, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure system brought blustery, rainy conditions to the region in late March and early April, one reason for the puffy cloud formations the last few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, says that Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders, according to Meg Thurlow, the company’s vice president of Sensing Systems and Applied Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to see the same large-scale changes that we have been seeing in air pollution across a variety of pollutants, especially those associated with traffic and fossil fuel combustion,” said Thurlow. (Aclima is publishing the results in \u003ca href=\"https://blog.aclima.io/bay-area-pollutant-levels-drop-for-second-week-b51be2dc5677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posts like this.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961748 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially true in West Oakland, a neighborhood bounded by freeways and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and other advocacy groups have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima is tracking a reduction in the region’s carbon footprint using aggregated data from air regulators, as well as sensors, including some attached to low-emission cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Aclima has mapped air quality in West Oakland and noted higher pollution levels compared to the broader Bay Area. Thurlow said that West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dropped below the Bay Area regional average during the coronavirus crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the reduction in pollution provides “a really positive indicator to people that our actions are important with respect to air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a brief reprieve when there’s a lifetime of pollution disparities that have existed throughout a lot of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area’s grueling commute has all but disappeared as millions of people stay home at the order of public health officials seeking to slow the spread of this coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As millions of cars sit parked on the street or collect dust in garages, and public transit agencies drastically reduce service, researchers with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District say there’s some indication that regional air pollution is way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffic is the top contributor to air pollution in the Bay Area,” Kristine Roselius, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email. “Reducing the number of cars and trucks on our roads can have a significant, positive effect on our air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the agency took early reports estimating bridge traffic was down by 70% and used them to calculate a corresponding reduction in pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s numbers show a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roselius said the estimate is likely “conservative” and traffic could have dipped by even more, though she cautions that researchers need to see more data before they can detect an actual trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/port-of-oakland-updates/\">says\u003c/a> shipping traffic was down 11% in March. That could also contribute to a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, weather plays a major role in local air quality. A persistent low-pressure system hovering over Southern California has kept the air crisp and clear, according to Rick Canepa, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure system brought blustery, rainy conditions to the region in late March and early April, one reason for the puffy cloud formations the last few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, says that Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders, according to Meg Thurlow, the company’s vice president of Sensing Systems and Applied Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to see the same large-scale changes that we have been seeing in air pollution across a variety of pollutants, especially those associated with traffic and fossil fuel combustion,” said Thurlow. (Aclima is publishing the results in \u003ca href=\"https://blog.aclima.io/bay-area-pollutant-levels-drop-for-second-week-b51be2dc5677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posts like this.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961748 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially true in West Oakland, a neighborhood bounded by freeways and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and other advocacy groups have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima is tracking a reduction in the region’s carbon footprint using aggregated data from air regulators, as well as sensors, including some attached to low-emission cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Aclima has mapped air quality in West Oakland and noted higher pollution levels compared to the broader Bay Area. Thurlow said that West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dropped below the Bay Area regional average during the coronavirus crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the reduction in pollution provides “a really positive indicator to people that our actions are important with respect to air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a brief reprieve when there’s a lifetime of pollution disparities that have existed throughout a lot of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sheltering in place may be working, according to Santa Clara County, but even with strong social distancing to reduce the risk of coronavirus, it will be a long time before the pandemic ends. That’s the \u003ca href=\"https://covid-measures.github.io\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conclusion\u003c/a> of a team led by Erin Mordecai, a Stanford biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unlikely that shelter in place, unless we do it for a pretty long time, is actually going to allow us to end the epidemic,” Mordecai said. “But that doesn’t mean that shelter in place forever is the only option that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' size='medium' citation='Dr. Jeffrey Smith, Santa Clara County']‘Sorry to say, I don’t expect that we’ll have any sports games until at least Thanksgiving, and we’ll be lucky to have them by Thanksgiving.’[/pullquote]Mordecai and other researchers created an interactive model of COVID-19 transmission that demonstrates how the broad social actions that states, counties, cities and people are choosing can slow the virus’ spread, even without vaccines or drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the extreme end, their model suggests that continuing to shelter in place for five months would stop the epidemic in Santa Clara County–though Mordecai makes no recommendations about that. The project also underlines the risk that lifting social distancing rules too quickly could permit coronavirus to bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week in Santa Clara County, health officer Dr. Sara Cody told county supervisors that the first-in-the-nation shelter in place order issued there and in other counties is flattening the curve: keeping the spread of coronavirus slow enough that it’s not yet overtaxing the county’s medical resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santa Clara County’s executive officer, Dr. Jeffrey Smith, also stressed that the region isn’t out of the woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not something that’s going to be easy to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One goal of Mordecai and her team is to help the public think long-term in the same way that researchers can and public officials are trying to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Extreme’ or ‘Moderate,’ Social Distancing Takes Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai’s model looks at how quickly this coronavirus can spread through a population by calculating what’s called the “reproduction rate,” which describes the average number of people who will catch COVID-19 from one person who’s already infected. A reproduction rate of 12 means each infected person is likely to infect 12 others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might hear public health officials occasionally use the mathematical term for reproduction rate, R0, pronounced “r-naught.” That’s because they are focused on how to get R0 to a number below one–a necessary step for shrinking the reach of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai says they’re able to estimate what’s going on in Santa Clara because Bay Area residents complied with strong social distancing orders in the middle of March, creating several weeks of relevant case and hospitalization data. The new analysis finds that the R0 for Santa Clara County would be between 3 and 4 if shelter at home weren’t happening, meaning each new case of COVID-19 would be infecting three or four other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to get that rate below one within five months, Mordecai says, people would need to cut their social contacts by about three-quarters compared to before shelter at home began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai defines that as extreme social distancing–and she says that there’s some wiggle room in understanding how to do that. “Social contacts” doesn’t just mean social occasions, like dinner with friends, a movie date, or family game night: it also means how you enter public spaces and interact with people at grocery stores, on public transit, on the way to work, or even at the shop fixing your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also have different abilities to be physically distant from others; Mordecai, for example, says it’s easy for her to limit social contacts compared to before because school is cancelled. Home health aides might only be able to limit their exposures somewhat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This actually turned out to be one of the key pieces of information that we really don’t have right now: how much does something like a shelter in place order actually reduce people’s contact rates?” Mordecai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that, she says is important for modeling how long and how effective the social distancing orders can be. Still, even cutting social contacts in half, which she characterizes as medium social distancing, would make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A ‘Light Switch’ Method With Many Switches\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health leaders at all levels are still figuring out how to talk about how and when to lift the social distancing orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you say ‘back to normal,’ it will not be a light switch that you turn on and off,” Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-us-reopen-economy-anthony-fauci/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told CBS This Morning\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be like several light switches, over a year or more. That’s what researchers from Imperial College suggested could slow the spread of COVID-19: combining sheltering in place with other interventions, like limiting the use of public space, and starting and stopping these practices over periods of time: essentially, switching them on and off. Mordecai says her team’s model supports this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, public health officials say their ability to choose longer-term interventions effectively depends, in part, on testing and aggressively tracing the spread of coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that happens, “we could do a lot more tailored interventions and not have to have everybody stay home,” Mordecai says. That could include letting more businesses reopen, or asking only vulnerable people to shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s still a ways off, according Santa Clara County public health officials. Cody told supervisors the county needs to see a “sustained reduction in cases” before transitioning to a different kind of social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s still too early to plan on going to 49er games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sorry to say, I don’t expect that we’ll have any sports games until at least Thanksgiving,” Smith said, “and we’ll be lucky to have them by Thanksgiving.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sheltering in place may be working, according to Santa Clara County, but even with strong social distancing to reduce the risk of coronavirus, it will be a long time before the pandemic ends. That’s the \u003ca href=\"https://covid-measures.github.io\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conclusion\u003c/a> of a team led by Erin Mordecai, a Stanford biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unlikely that shelter in place, unless we do it for a pretty long time, is actually going to allow us to end the epidemic,” Mordecai said. “But that doesn’t mean that shelter in place forever is the only option that we have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Santa Clara County’s executive officer, Dr. Jeffrey Smith, also stressed that the region isn’t out of the woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not something that’s going to be easy to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One goal of Mordecai and her team is to help the public think long-term in the same way that researchers can and public officials are trying to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Extreme’ or ‘Moderate,’ Social Distancing Takes Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai’s model looks at how quickly this coronavirus can spread through a population by calculating what’s called the “reproduction rate,” which describes the average number of people who will catch COVID-19 from one person who’s already infected. A reproduction rate of 12 means each infected person is likely to infect 12 others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might hear public health officials occasionally use the mathematical term for reproduction rate, R0, pronounced “r-naught.” That’s because they are focused on how to get R0 to a number below one–a necessary step for shrinking the reach of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai says they’re able to estimate what’s going on in Santa Clara because Bay Area residents complied with strong social distancing orders in the middle of March, creating several weeks of relevant case and hospitalization data. The new analysis finds that the R0 for Santa Clara County would be between 3 and 4 if shelter at home weren’t happening, meaning each new case of COVID-19 would be infecting three or four other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to get that rate below one within five months, Mordecai says, people would need to cut their social contacts by about three-quarters compared to before shelter at home began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai defines that as extreme social distancing–and she says that there’s some wiggle room in understanding how to do that. “Social contacts” doesn’t just mean social occasions, like dinner with friends, a movie date, or family game night: it also means how you enter public spaces and interact with people at grocery stores, on public transit, on the way to work, or even at the shop fixing your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People also have different abilities to be physically distant from others; Mordecai, for example, says it’s easy for her to limit social contacts compared to before because school is cancelled. Home health aides might only be able to limit their exposures somewhat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This actually turned out to be one of the key pieces of information that we really don’t have right now: how much does something like a shelter in place order actually reduce people’s contact rates?” Mordecai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing that, she says is important for modeling how long and how effective the social distancing orders can be. Still, even cutting social contacts in half, which she characterizes as medium social distancing, would make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A ‘Light Switch’ Method With Many Switches\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health leaders at all levels are still figuring out how to talk about how and when to lift the social distancing orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you say ‘back to normal,’ it will not be a light switch that you turn on and off,” Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-us-reopen-economy-anthony-fauci/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told CBS This Morning\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be like several light switches, over a year or more. That’s what researchers from Imperial College suggested could slow the spread of COVID-19: combining sheltering in place with other interventions, like limiting the use of public space, and starting and stopping these practices over periods of time: essentially, switching them on and off. Mordecai says her team’s model supports this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, public health officials say their ability to choose longer-term interventions effectively depends, in part, on testing and aggressively tracing the spread of coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that happens, “we could do a lot more tailored interventions and not have to have everybody stay home,” Mordecai says. That could include letting more businesses reopen, or asking only vulnerable people to shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s still a ways off, according Santa Clara County public health officials. Cody told supervisors the county needs to see a “sustained reduction in cases” before transitioning to a different kind of social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s still too early to plan on going to 49er games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At midnight one day last month, I got a call from a friend whose husband is in a memory care facility. Coronavirus was newly recognized across California, and in order to control infections, assisted living and nursing homes had begun to limit visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help KQED Science Report on the Pandemic\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[hearken src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/5489.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She couldn’t sleep. Her husband had called her dozens of times that day. He didn’t remember that he’d already called; he wanted to go outside and nobody was there to take him. He was alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond heartbreaking,” she said, her voice cracking, again and again. “What are we supposed to do?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While care facility operators \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960340/as-coronavirus-spreads-long-term-care-homes-brace-for-surge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">try to figure out\u003c/a> how to protect their residents, patient advocates are warning that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1959285/coronavirus-isolates-californians-in-nursing-homes-long-term-care-facilities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">isolation takes a toll\u003c/a> on mental health. We know that as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1961129/bay-area-covid-19-outbreaks-worsen-spread-in-long-term-care-homes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">virus spreads in communal living\u003c/a> settings, those of you with family and friends in care facilities are wondering what’s safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’d like to hear from you. We’ll use your insight and questions and experience to shape our news coverage. We’ll do our best to help you find answers and we’ll share what we learn from you along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you work in a care facility, or live with someone who does, we want to hear your stories too; you can choose to ask questions and share stories without sharing your name. (You can also email me securely at mopete@tutanota.com.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we supposed to do?” is a question we’re all asking ourselves. We believe telling stories about what’s happening in care homes right now can help us find the answers.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She couldn’t sleep. Her husband had called her dozens of times that day. He didn’t remember that he’d already called; he wanted to go outside and nobody was there to take him. He was alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is beyond heartbreaking,” she said, her voice cracking, again and again. “What are we supposed to do?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While care facility operators \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960340/as-coronavirus-spreads-long-term-care-homes-brace-for-surge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">try to figure out\u003c/a> how to protect their residents, patient advocates are warning that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1959285/coronavirus-isolates-californians-in-nursing-homes-long-term-care-facilities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">isolation takes a toll\u003c/a> on mental health. We know that as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1961129/bay-area-covid-19-outbreaks-worsen-spread-in-long-term-care-homes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">virus spreads in communal living\u003c/a> settings, those of you with family and friends in care facilities are wondering what’s safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Watch Out for These Coronavirus-Related Scams | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scammers looking to profit from those anxious for their stimulus check; inflated prices for desperately needed masks; fake coronavirus cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cstrong>What You Should Be Watching Out For\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* Stimulus scams: The IRS \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-issues-warning-about-coronavirus-related-scams-watch-out-for-schemes-tied-to-economic-impact-payments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">warns\u003c/a> taxpayers, especially retirees, to be on the lookout for calls, email phishing attempts and other schemes tied to stimulus checks, which can lead to tax-related fraud and identity theft. Remember, the official term is “economic impact payment.” So, be cautious of people who use the term “stimulus,” ask you to verify bank or check information online, or suggest they can speed up the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* Bogus Phone calls: Officials with the FCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/covid-scams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> scam text message campaigns and phone calls with people impersonating federal health workers and offering free home-testing kits, promoting cures and selling fake health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*Utility customer scams: PG&E says its security division has tracked between 5-10 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en_US/residential/customer-service/help/scams/scams.page?WT.mc_id=Vanity_scams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scam\u003c/a> attempts per day over the phone in recent weeks. A call may appear to customers as if it’s from PG&E, when it’s actually a disguised number from outside the company, a subterfuge called spoofing. The utility says scammers, using a copy of an actual PG&E automated call recording, are requesting immediate payment with a debit card on a past due bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> *\u003c/strong>Price gouging: The San Francisco district attorney’s office says it has received more than 50 calls or emails from people who report inflated prices for masks, disinfectant wipes and even products like chicken eggs and the vitamin C supplement EmergenC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*\u003c/strong>Unproven Cleaning Products: The federal Environmental Protection Agency warns that companies are flooding the market with disinfectants and sanitizer falsely claiming to be effective against the novel coronavirus, The New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/climate/epa-fake-coronavirus-cleaners.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>. The agency threatened legal action against businesses that sell the unregistered products. (See here for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1959894/what-works-to-kill-coronavirus-as-you-clean-your-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EPA-approved list of coronavirus-killing disinfectants\u003c/a>.)[/pullquote]Officials say these are just some of the cons and illegal attempts at cashing in on the current devastating health emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve really seen a wide variety of scams,” said U.S. Attorney Nicola Hanna.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>“As hard as we all work for our money, these folks work equally hard to steal our money. They’re very inventive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanna oversees the Justice Department’s district office in Los Angeles, which covers seven counties and 20 million people. The office recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/southland-man-arrested-federal-charges-alleging-fraudulent-investment-scheme-featuring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">charged\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a man arrested by an undercover FBI agent for allegedly soliciting investors with a fake coronavirus cure, and another man from the U.K. for \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/uk-national-charged-shipping-mislabeled-and-unapproved-treatments-patients-suffering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allegedly importing\u003c/a> a fake COVID-19 treatment in mislabeled packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s just the beginning. Hanna warns of solicited donations by fake charities and GoFundMe pages, as well as people selling coveted protective equipment like safety masks they don’t actually have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen phishing emails that purport to be from the Centers for Disease Control or the World Health Organization or other legitimate organizations,” Hanna said. “They’re not. And in fact, if you click on the link, it downloads malware onto your system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IRS is warning people looking for their $1,200 government stimulus check not to give out personal information over email or the phone. And there is \u003cspan class=\"s1\">no proven vaccine or antiviral treatment for COVID-19, so anyone claiming to have a coronavirus cure is lying.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of these are small-time consumer scams. As governments and hospitals across the nation desperately hunted for protective equipment, SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West \u003ca href=\"https://www.seiu-uhw.org/press/union-locates-massive-supply-of-n95-masks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">announced\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on March 26 that it had found a supplier with 39 million protective masks for its members. But the deal fell apart after officials couldn’t verify and inspect the masks. Kaiser, which had placed an order for millions of them, said it learned the supplier never had them at all, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-03/coronavirus-seiu-masks-supplies-investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Selling Bogus Coronavirus Treatments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith “The Real Iron Man” Middlebrook had described himself to his roughly 2.4 million Instagram followers as a “Genius Entrepreneur Icon,” and “Actor Writer Producer,” among other things, according to a federal affidavit prosecutors provided to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then around March 24, as the coronavirus pandemic ground life to a halt in California, the businessman, bodybuilder and actor who \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3033468/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">appeared\u003c/span>\u003c/a> briefly in “Iron Man 3,” “Moneyball” and other movies, crafted a new career: “Inventor: COVID19 Immunity & Coronavirus Cure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middlebrook’s social media feeds, usually featuring videos of him \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv3xhMtvPTw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">sculpting\u003c/span>\u003c/a> softball-sized biceps or promoting his self-help regime of “xccelerated success,” with praise for Donald Trump sprinkled in, gave way to a new pitch touting an injectable cure for COVID-19 and pills to prevent a person from acquiring it. According to the affidavit,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>Middlebrook allegedly solicited investment in a company called Quantum Prevention CV Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In text messages, prosecutors charge, Middlebrook claimed a patient from L.A who was sick with the virus “got up and walked out 51 hours after my injection,” boasting that investors could see returns of “$200M – $300M…conservative minimum,” on an investment of $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also claimed former basketball superstar Earvin “Magic” Johnson was an investor. (Johnson told investigators that wasn’t true.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say Middlebrook was arrested by an undercover FBI agent posing as an investor, making him the first person charged by the federal government for a coronavirus-related crime. A judge set his arraignment for April 16. If convicted as charged, he could face up to 20 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s5\">Requests for comment to several of Middlebrook’s email addresses listed on his websites went unreturned.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cb>Importing a ‘Miracle Cure’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">According to another federal affidavit, 59-year-old Frank Richard Ludlow of West Sussex, England, had been shipping a health concoction called a “Trinity Remedy” for three years to a distributor with addresses in Utah and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, according to the charges, as health officials in California were recommending people stay home from work, Ludlow relabeled the product as “Trinity COVID-19 SARS Antipathogenic Treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">The contents of the purported coronavirus kits matched the earlier product — a \u003c/span>powdered “miracle cure” made of vitamin c, potassium thiocyanate, hydrogen peroxide and enzymes,\u003cspan class=\"s3\"> according to the affidavit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">“A consumer was supposed to add 18 ounces of water, say a prayer, drink half of the solution, take a probiotic along with bee pollen, and then ingest the remainder of the solution,” prosecutors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">The kits are still being examined. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA, which must approve any drug defined as a “cure,” “mitigation,” or even “treatment” imported into the U.S., according to federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/laws-enforced-fda/federal-food-drug-and-cosmetic-act-fdc-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, has not approved the product for any use, let alone to treat COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 18, customs officers seized about 60 of the kits passing through a mail facility in Los Angeles in mislabeled boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s6\">Ludlow was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2020/march/pipcu/man-charged-with-making-and-selling-fake-covid-19-treatment-kits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">arrested\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the U.K. for making and selling the kits and remains in custody there, authorities said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">On April 1, Hanna charged Ludlow with one count of importing a misbranded drug into the U.S. He faces up to three years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal attorneys urge the public to report coronavirus scammers by calling the National Center for Disaster Fraud hotline (1-866-720-5721) or to the NCDF e-mail address \u003ca href=\"mailto:disaster@leo.gov\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">disaster@leo.gov\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFDAOffice/status/1242631955675369472?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Scammers looking to profit from people anxious for their stimulus check; inflated prices for desperately needed masks; fake coronavirus cures. These are just some of the cons and illegal schemes trying to cash in on a devastating health emergency.",
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"description": "Scammers looking to profit from people anxious for their stimulus check; inflated prices for desperately needed masks; fake coronavirus cures. These are just some of the cons and illegal schemes trying to cash in on a devastating health emergency.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scammers looking to profit from those anxious for their stimulus check; inflated prices for desperately needed masks; fake coronavirus cures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cstrong>What You Should Be Watching Out For\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* Stimulus scams: The IRS \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/newsroom/irs-issues-warning-about-coronavirus-related-scams-watch-out-for-schemes-tied-to-economic-impact-payments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">warns\u003c/a> taxpayers, especially retirees, to be on the lookout for calls, email phishing attempts and other schemes tied to stimulus checks, which can lead to tax-related fraud and identity theft. Remember, the official term is “economic impact payment.” So, be cautious of people who use the term “stimulus,” ask you to verify bank or check information online, or suggest they can speed up the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>* Bogus Phone calls: Officials with the FCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/covid-scams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> scam text message campaigns and phone calls with people impersonating federal health workers and offering free home-testing kits, promoting cures and selling fake health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*Utility customer scams: PG&E says its security division has tracked between 5-10 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pge.com/en_US/residential/customer-service/help/scams/scams.page?WT.mc_id=Vanity_scams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scam\u003c/a> attempts per day over the phone in recent weeks. A call may appear to customers as if it’s from PG&E, when it’s actually a disguised number from outside the company, a subterfuge called spoofing. The utility says scammers, using a copy of an actual PG&E automated call recording, are requesting immediate payment with a debit card on a past due bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> *\u003c/strong>Price gouging: The San Francisco district attorney’s office says it has received more than 50 calls or emails from people who report inflated prices for masks, disinfectant wipes and even products like chicken eggs and the vitamin C supplement EmergenC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*\u003c/strong>Unproven Cleaning Products: The federal Environmental Protection Agency warns that companies are flooding the market with disinfectants and sanitizer falsely claiming to be effective against the novel coronavirus, The New York Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/03/climate/epa-fake-coronavirus-cleaners.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>. The agency threatened legal action against businesses that sell the unregistered products. (See here for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1959894/what-works-to-kill-coronavirus-as-you-clean-your-home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">EPA-approved list of coronavirus-killing disinfectants\u003c/a>.)",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Officials say these are just some of the cons and illegal attempts at cashing in on the current devastating health emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve really seen a wide variety of scams,” said U.S. Attorney Nicola Hanna.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>“As hard as we all work for our money, these folks work equally hard to steal our money. They’re very inventive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanna oversees the Justice Department’s district office in Los Angeles, which covers seven counties and 20 million people. The office recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/southland-man-arrested-federal-charges-alleging-fraudulent-investment-scheme-featuring\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">charged\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a man arrested by an undercover FBI agent for allegedly soliciting investors with a fake coronavirus cure, and another man from the U.K. for \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/uk-national-charged-shipping-mislabeled-and-unapproved-treatments-patients-suffering\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">allegedly importing\u003c/a> a fake COVID-19 treatment in mislabeled packages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s just the beginning. Hanna warns of solicited donations by fake charities and GoFundMe pages, as well as people selling coveted protective equipment like safety masks they don’t actually have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen phishing emails that purport to be from the Centers for Disease Control or the World Health Organization or other legitimate organizations,” Hanna said. “They’re not. And in fact, if you click on the link, it downloads malware onto your system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The IRS is warning people looking for their $1,200 government stimulus check not to give out personal information over email or the phone. And there is \u003cspan class=\"s1\">no proven vaccine or antiviral treatment for COVID-19, so anyone claiming to have a coronavirus cure is lying.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of these are small-time consumer scams. As governments and hospitals across the nation desperately hunted for protective equipment, SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West \u003ca href=\"https://www.seiu-uhw.org/press/union-locates-massive-supply-of-n95-masks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">announced\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on March 26 that it had found a supplier with 39 million protective masks for its members. But the deal fell apart after officials couldn’t verify and inspect the masks. Kaiser, which had placed an order for millions of them, said it learned the supplier never had them at all, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-04-03/coronavirus-seiu-masks-supplies-investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Selling Bogus Coronavirus Treatments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith “The Real Iron Man” Middlebrook had described himself to his roughly 2.4 million Instagram followers as a “Genius Entrepreneur Icon,” and “Actor Writer Producer,” among other things, according to a federal affidavit prosecutors provided to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then around March 24, as the coronavirus pandemic ground life to a halt in California, the businessman, bodybuilder and actor who \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3033468/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">appeared\u003c/span>\u003c/a> briefly in “Iron Man 3,” “Moneyball” and other movies, crafted a new career: “Inventor: COVID19 Immunity & Coronavirus Cure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middlebrook’s social media feeds, usually featuring videos of him \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv3xhMtvPTw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">sculpting\u003c/span>\u003c/a> softball-sized biceps or promoting his self-help regime of “xccelerated success,” with praise for Donald Trump sprinkled in, gave way to a new pitch touting an injectable cure for COVID-19 and pills to prevent a person from acquiring it. According to the affidavit,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>Middlebrook allegedly solicited investment in a company called Quantum Prevention CV Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In text messages, prosecutors charge, Middlebrook claimed a patient from L.A who was sick with the virus “got up and walked out 51 hours after my injection,” boasting that investors could see returns of “$200M – $300M…conservative minimum,” on an investment of $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also claimed former basketball superstar Earvin “Magic” Johnson was an investor. (Johnson told investigators that wasn’t true.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say Middlebrook was arrested by an undercover FBI agent posing as an investor, making him the first person charged by the federal government for a coronavirus-related crime. A judge set his arraignment for April 16. If convicted as charged, he could face up to 20 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s5\">Requests for comment to several of Middlebrook’s email addresses listed on his websites went unreturned.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cb>Importing a ‘Miracle Cure’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">According to another federal affidavit, 59-year-old Frank Richard Ludlow of West Sussex, England, had been shipping a health concoction called a “Trinity Remedy” for three years to a distributor with addresses in Utah and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, according to the charges, as health officials in California were recommending people stay home from work, Ludlow relabeled the product as “Trinity COVID-19 SARS Antipathogenic Treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">The contents of the purported coronavirus kits matched the earlier product — a \u003c/span>powdered “miracle cure” made of vitamin c, potassium thiocyanate, hydrogen peroxide and enzymes,\u003cspan class=\"s3\"> according to the affidavit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">“A consumer was supposed to add 18 ounces of water, say a prayer, drink half of the solution, take a probiotic along with bee pollen, and then ingest the remainder of the solution,” prosecutors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">The kits are still being examined. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA, which must approve any drug defined as a “cure,” “mitigation,” or even “treatment” imported into the U.S., according to federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/laws-enforced-fda/federal-food-drug-and-cosmetic-act-fdc-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, has not approved the product for any use, let alone to treat COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 18, customs officers seized about 60 of the kits passing through a mail facility in Los Angeles in mislabeled boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s6\">Ludlow was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/news/city-of-london/news/2020/march/pipcu/man-charged-with-making-and-selling-fake-covid-19-treatment-kits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">arrested\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in the U.K. for making and selling the kits and remains in custody there, authorities said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">On April 1, Hanna charged Ludlow with one count of importing a misbranded drug into the U.S. He faces up to three years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal attorneys urge the public to report coronavirus scammers by calling the National Center for Disaster Fraud hotline (1-866-720-5721) or to the NCDF e-mail address \u003ca href=\"mailto:disaster@leo.gov\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">disaster@leo.gov\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Here’s something easy you can do to fight disease this spring. While the efforts to end COVID-19 have upended daily life, it may only take a few simple steps to stop the carriers of other dangerous diseases — mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weather starts to warm up in April and May, mosquito control districts across California are urging people to go through their yards and eliminate breeding places for mosquitoes that can transmit dengue fever, a painful and sometimes deadly disease that has exploded worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make sure you don’t have things that can hold water,” said Gary Goodman, manager of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fightthebite.net/\">Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District\u003c/a>. “Small children’s toys, small buckets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961006\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mosquito control districts across California are urging residents to get rid of breeding places in and around their homes for the \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito, which can transmit dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> (AY-dees ee-GYP-tie) mosquito was first reported in California in 2013. It is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/AedesDistributionMap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now established in Southern California and the Central Valley\u003c/a>, with temperatures commonly in the 80 F to 82 F range that the mosquitoes need to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area isn’t warm enough,” said UC Davis entomologist Chris Barker, who studies the mosquito, “although there are parts of Santa Clara that get hotter and might be suitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The white-striped mosquito worries public health officials because its bite can transmit the four viruses that cause dengue, a flu-like illness known as “breakbone fever” for the severe pain in the joints that patients often feel. If a person gets infected a second time with a different dengue virus, the disease can be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosquito can also pass on the viruses that cause Zika, which can lead to birth defects, and Chikungunya, another painful joint disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_feeds.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961020\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_feeds.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes are found in Southern California and the Central Valley. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though none of these diseases is being transmitted locally in California, every year travelers return to the state with infections they caught elsewhere. Last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/TravelAssociatedCasesofDengueVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">263 California residents\u003c/a> came back home infected with dengue from other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All it would take would be for a returning infected person to land in a neighborhood where the mosquito is abundant, during the warmest part of the summer, for \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes to bite them and spread the disease locally, Barker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“L.A. is the number one place where it could happen,” he said. “It’s warm, it has lots of people, it has \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> and people who travel back and forth to Asia and Central America who have meaningful connections there.” In other words, people who might hang out in their family’s backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961010\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map shows in yellow the places where \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes are most likely to be found around the world. \u003ccite>(Map created by Chris Barker, UC Davis, with data from Moritz Kraemer and others.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brought on by the spread of \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em>, dengue cases have increased dramatically worldwide in the past 20 years, with one study estimating that close to 100 million people end up sick each year, according to the World Health Organization. Dengue is common in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and American Samoa. And local outbreaks have occurred in the past seven years in Hawaii, Florida and Texas, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition to California, the mosquitoes are likely to be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/range.html\">in a vast swath that goes from Texas to Virginia.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes don’t fly far – maybe a couple of city blocks. They lay their eggs in and around our homes and feed mainly on humans; they’re especially attracted to ankles and the lower body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes have white markings on their legs and body, and a white lyre shape on their backs. This one just finished biting into an ankle. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their ancestor mosquito, which still exists today, lays eggs in tree holes in the rainforests of West Africa and feeds on mammals other than humans. Researchers believe that 4,000 to 6,000 years ago a drought emptied out the tree holes and pushed the mosquito into villages, where they started laying eggs in water containers and feeding on humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They went from being a wild species in the tropical rainforest biting nonhumans to being what I call domesticated, living closely with humans,” said Jeffrey Powell, who has studied the mosquito’s genetics at Yale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans move these mosquitoes around the world by unwittingly transporting their eggs, which are drought-tolerant and travel well. While other mosquitoes — such as the common house mosquito that transmits West Nile virus in California — lay clumps of eggs on the water’s surface that need to remain wet in order to survive, \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> females lay individual eggs above the water line that can stay viable for up to six months after drying out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_lays_eggs1.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_lays_eggs1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito lays eggs on a glass surface at UC Davis. \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> lay their eggs above the water line, rather than directly on the water’s surface, as other mosquitoes do. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting above the water line, the eggs absorb a little bit of moisture that the larvae inside need to develop. At the same time, the eggs darken and their outside layer turns into a thick protective shell. After three days, the eggs can dry out safely and still remain viable. The next time the eggs come in contact with water — whether from a tropical rainfall or a sprinkler in California’s Central Valley — a wriggly whitish larva will hatch from each one and grow into a winged adult mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eggs might look like a fine line of dirt. But they’re small and hard to spot, especially if the mosquito lays them in a dark container like a discarded tire. So experts recommend dumping the water out of containers once a week, to get rid of any larvae that might have hatched. It takes larvae 10 to 14 days to grow into adult mosquitoes, so emptying containers once a week prevents them from reaching that milestone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961004\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961004\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito eggs look a lot like dirt on the outside of this clay pot. The mosquitoes lay eggs above the water line. This saucer holding excess water that seeped out of the pot created a perfect location for \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> to lay its eggs. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“No standing water,” Powell said. “Birdbaths, discarded tires, tin cans, anything, even a flowerpot. If you have a flowerpot and you have a tray underneath and you overwater and water collects in the tray underneath the flowerpot, that’s a good place for \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> to breed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the mosquitoes make their home inside and around people’s houses, they present a special challenge to mosquito control districts. Last summer, at the end of August, the Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District found the first \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes reported in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_larvae_breathe.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961021\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_larvae_breathe.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Experts recommend emptying water from containers in and around the house once a week to eliminate any larvae that may have hatched from eggs. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After they collected mosquitoes in four traps in the city of Citrus Heights, technicians fanned out to try to find where they were breeding. The mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus are found in rice fields and catch basins, while \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em>’s breeding places are harder to locate because they’re varied and smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of our technicians was going up to a door. They looked down and on the porch the resident had a watering can for their flowers,” said Goodman, the district’s manager. “They noticed in that watering can an adult mosquito that was flying. And that’s where we found one of the breeding sites for the \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the district traced another small outbreak of the mosquito to an ornamental plant known as a lucky bamboo — which isn’t really bamboo, and in this case, wasn’t lucky either. A resident of the Sacramento neighborhood of Pocket-Greenhaven had received the plant as a housewarming gift from someone who bought it in Ontario, in San Bernardino County, an area known to have the mosquitoes. When technicians took the plant back to the district’s lab, they discovered larvae floating in the water in the pot. The mosquito had laid eggs on the inside of the pot and on the gray rocks the plant was wedged in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mosquitoes have been found in the neighborhood since the plant was removed. But the finding is an example of how the mosquitoes get around and breed in places where they go unnoticed. Goodman said it’s especially important to pay attention that the water from sprinklers isn’t collecting in places like drainage pipes. If you notice adult mosquitoes buzzing around, give your district a call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one more thing. “Use a good repellent,” he said. “Because if you’re not bitten by a mosquito, then the risk of transmission of disease is eliminated.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "This Dangerous Mosquito Lays Her Armored Eggs – in Your House | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Here’s something easy you can do to fight disease this spring. While the efforts to end COVID-19 have upended daily life, it may only take a few simple steps to stop the carriers of other dangerous diseases — mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the weather starts to warm up in April and May, mosquito control districts across California are urging people to go through their yards and eliminate breeding places for mosquitoes that can transmit dengue fever, a painful and sometimes deadly disease that has exploded worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make sure you don’t have things that can hold water,” said Gary Goodman, manager of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fightthebite.net/\">Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District\u003c/a>. “Small children’s toys, small buckets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961006\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mosquito control districts across California are urging residents to get rid of breeding places in and around their homes for the \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito, which can transmit dengue, Zika and Chikungunya. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> (AY-dees ee-GYP-tie) mosquito was first reported in California in 2013. It is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/AedesDistributionMap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now established in Southern California and the Central Valley\u003c/a>, with temperatures commonly in the 80 F to 82 F range that the mosquitoes need to reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bay Area isn’t warm enough,” said UC Davis entomologist Chris Barker, who studies the mosquito, “although there are parts of Santa Clara that get hotter and might be suitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The white-striped mosquito worries public health officials because its bite can transmit the four viruses that cause dengue, a flu-like illness known as “breakbone fever” for the severe pain in the joints that patients often feel. If a person gets infected a second time with a different dengue virus, the disease can be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mosquito can also pass on the viruses that cause Zika, which can lead to birth defects, and Chikungunya, another painful joint disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_feeds.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961020\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_feeds.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes are found in Southern California and the Central Valley. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though none of these diseases is being transmitted locally in California, every year travelers return to the state with infections they caught elsewhere. Last year \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/TravelAssociatedCasesofDengueVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">263 California residents\u003c/a> came back home infected with dengue from other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All it would take would be for a returning infected person to land in a neighborhood where the mosquito is abundant, during the warmest part of the summer, for \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes to bite them and spread the disease locally, Barker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“L.A. is the number one place where it could happen,” he said. “It’s warm, it has lots of people, it has \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> and people who travel back and forth to Asia and Central America who have meaningful connections there.” In other words, people who might hang out in their family’s backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961010\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_world_map_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map shows in yellow the places where \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes are most likely to be found around the world. \u003ccite>(Map created by Chris Barker, UC Davis, with data from Moritz Kraemer and others.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brought on by the spread of \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em>, dengue cases have increased dramatically worldwide in the past 20 years, with one study estimating that close to 100 million people end up sick each year, according to the World Health Organization. Dengue is common in Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and American Samoa. And local outbreaks have occurred in the past seven years in Hawaii, Florida and Texas, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In addition to California, the mosquitoes are likely to be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/vector/range.html\">in a vast swath that goes from Texas to Virginia.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes don’t fly far – maybe a couple of city blocks. They lay their eggs in and around our homes and feed mainly on humans; they’re especially attracted to ankles and the lower body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961007\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_bites_ankle_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes have white markings on their legs and body, and a white lyre shape on their backs. This one just finished biting into an ankle. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their ancestor mosquito, which still exists today, lays eggs in tree holes in the rainforests of West Africa and feeds on mammals other than humans. Researchers believe that 4,000 to 6,000 years ago a drought emptied out the tree holes and pushed the mosquito into villages, where they started laying eggs in water containers and feeding on humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They went from being a wild species in the tropical rainforest biting nonhumans to being what I call domesticated, living closely with humans,” said Jeffrey Powell, who has studied the mosquito’s genetics at Yale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans move these mosquitoes around the world by unwittingly transporting their eggs, which are drought-tolerant and travel well. While other mosquitoes — such as the common house mosquito that transmits West Nile virus in California — lay clumps of eggs on the water’s surface that need to remain wet in order to survive, \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> females lay individual eggs above the water line that can stay viable for up to six months after drying out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_lays_eggs1.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961012\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_lays_eggs1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito lays eggs on a glass surface at UC Davis. \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> lay their eggs above the water line, rather than directly on the water’s surface, as other mosquitoes do. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sitting above the water line, the eggs absorb a little bit of moisture that the larvae inside need to develop. At the same time, the eggs darken and their outside layer turns into a thick protective shell. After three days, the eggs can dry out safely and still remain viable. The next time the eggs come in contact with water — whether from a tropical rainfall or a sprinkler in California’s Central Valley — a wriggly whitish larva will hatch from each one and grow into a winged adult mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eggs might look like a fine line of dirt. But they’re small and hard to spot, especially if the mosquito lays them in a dark container like a discarded tire. So experts recommend dumping the water out of containers once a week, to get rid of any larvae that might have hatched. It takes larvae 10 to 14 days to grow into adult mosquitoes, so emptying containers once a week prevents them from reaching that milestone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961004\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961004\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_eggs_on_pot_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> mosquito eggs look a lot like dirt on the outside of this clay pot. The mosquitoes lay eggs above the water line. This saucer holding excess water that seeped out of the pot created a perfect location for \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> to lay its eggs. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“No standing water,” Powell said. “Birdbaths, discarded tires, tin cans, anything, even a flowerpot. If you have a flowerpot and you have a tray underneath and you overwater and water collects in the tray underneath the flowerpot, that’s a good place for \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em> to breed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the mosquitoes make their home inside and around people’s houses, they present a special challenge to mosquito control districts. Last summer, at the end of August, the Sacramento-Yolo Mosquito and Vector Control District found the first \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em> mosquitoes reported in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1961021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_larvae_breathe.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961021\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/DL706_Aedes_aegypti_mosquito_larvae_breathe.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Experts recommend emptying water from containers in and around the house once a week to eliminate any larvae that may have hatched from eggs. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After they collected mosquitoes in four traps in the city of Citrus Heights, technicians fanned out to try to find where they were breeding. The mosquitoes that transmit West Nile virus are found in rice fields and catch basins, while \u003cem>A. aegypti\u003c/em>’s breeding places are harder to locate because they’re varied and smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of our technicians was going up to a door. They looked down and on the porch the resident had a watering can for their flowers,” said Goodman, the district’s manager. “They noticed in that watering can an adult mosquito that was flying. And that’s where we found one of the breeding sites for the \u003cem>Aedes aegypti\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the district traced another small outbreak of the mosquito to an ornamental plant known as a lucky bamboo — which isn’t really bamboo, and in this case, wasn’t lucky either. A resident of the Sacramento neighborhood of Pocket-Greenhaven had received the plant as a housewarming gift from someone who bought it in Ontario, in San Bernardino County, an area known to have the mosquitoes. When technicians took the plant back to the district’s lab, they discovered larvae floating in the water in the pot. The mosquito had laid eggs on the inside of the pot and on the gray rocks the plant was wedged in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mosquitoes have been found in the neighborhood since the plant was removed. But the finding is an example of how the mosquitoes get around and breed in places where they go unnoticed. Goodman said it’s especially important to pay attention that the water from sprinklers isn’t collecting in places like drainage pipes. If you notice adult mosquitoes buzzing around, give your district a call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And one more thing. “Use a good repellent,” he said. “Because if you’re not bitten by a mosquito, then the risk of transmission of disease is eliminated.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area COVID-19 Outbreaks Worsen, Spread in Long-Term Care Homes",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#callout\">Click here if you know someone in a nursing home or assisted facility…share your story!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa County, the Orinda Care Center now counts at least 51 cases* of coronavirus, including a death. Outbreaks have been reported in San Francisco and South Bay county senior care homes, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local health departments always advise these facilities about controlling infections; infectious disease like influenza is common. Now coronavirus is forcing them to adapt and challenging response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Deputy Health Officer Dr. Louise McNitt says last year they followed 20 such flu outbreaks, with an ‘outbreak’ defined by the California Department of Public Health as one confirmed case with the identification of a second confirmed case within 72 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counties don’t regulate assisted living and nursing homes where these outbreaks happen; that’s the work of the Department of Social Services and CDPH, respectively. Most care homes don’t have infection control specialists on staff, as hospitals do. As of last year, federal regulations \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Downloads/QSO19-10-NH.pdf\">require\u003c/a> infection control specialists at skilled nursing facilities. Not long after that regulation took effect, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/18/2019-14946/medicare-and-medicaid-programs-requirements-for-long-term-care-facilities-regulatory-provisions-to\">began consideration of a modification to the rule\u003c/a> that would loosen that requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the county’s best weapon for public health is often the phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties, \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/healthcare-providers\">including\u003c/a> Contra Costa, provide guidance online. McNitt says she stays in more active touch remotely, calling to dispense practical local versions of the advice handed down by the state and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the past several weeks, the best advice she can offer, on topics like how to use space in facilities, screening staff and controlling exposure there, who needs masks, and why — all of it keeps changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You give people a certain set of guidance, you kind of feel like, you know, like a tiny little sigh of relief, okay, we got that done, and then the very next day, it’s like, okay, now there’s new guidance, and now we have to kind of start all over again,” McNitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNitt’s goal is to stay on top of the risks rippling out of these outbreaks, and out of existing stresses in the long-term care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staffers paid lower wages may try to keep working, even if they’re ill. McNitt worries about care home workers who move among several part-time jobs, and might carry the virus without knowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Residents in more than one facility could be exposed because they often will work at one place during the week and another place on the weekends,” McNitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Care homes with outbreaks now need equipment from counties. Santa Clara County is providing protective gear to Canyon Springs Post-Acute in San Jose after an outbreak there. In Contra Costa, McNitt’s boss, Health Officer Dr. Chris Farnitano, says the health department has requested protective gear for Orinda Care Center from the county’s emergency operations center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve already delivered a large supply of that equipment and will continue to support the ongoing needs of this facility for…personal protective equipment,” he said, last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear how long local stockpiles of gear can last. As health departments investigate more outbreaks in elder care homes, the safest guarantee specialists like Louise McNitt can offer is more phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*\u003cem>This story has been updated to include a breakdown of the number of cases, so far, at Orinda Care, 51: this includes 27 patients, 22 staffers and 2 people who have been sent to hospital. In addition, this story has been updated to reflect the fact that infection control specialists are required at skilled nursing facilities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"callout\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help KQED Science report on the pandemic!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/5489.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#callout\">Click here if you know someone in a nursing home or assisted facility…share your story!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Contra Costa County, the Orinda Care Center now counts at least 51 cases* of coronavirus, including a death. Outbreaks have been reported in San Francisco and South Bay county senior care homes, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local health departments always advise these facilities about controlling infections; infectious disease like influenza is common. Now coronavirus is forcing them to adapt and challenging response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Deputy Health Officer Dr. Louise McNitt says last year they followed 20 such flu outbreaks, with an ‘outbreak’ defined by the California Department of Public Health as one confirmed case with the identification of a second confirmed case within 72 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But counties don’t regulate assisted living and nursing homes where these outbreaks happen; that’s the work of the Department of Social Services and CDPH, respectively. Most care homes don’t have infection control specialists on staff, as hospitals do. As of last year, federal regulations \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertificationGenInfo/Downloads/QSO19-10-NH.pdf\">require\u003c/a> infection control specialists at skilled nursing facilities. Not long after that regulation took effect, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/07/18/2019-14946/medicare-and-medicaid-programs-requirements-for-long-term-care-facilities-regulatory-provisions-to\">began consideration of a modification to the rule\u003c/a> that would loosen that requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the county’s best weapon for public health is often the phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties, \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/healthcare-providers\">including\u003c/a> Contra Costa, provide guidance online. McNitt says she stays in more active touch remotely, calling to dispense practical local versions of the advice handed down by the state and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For the past several weeks, the best advice she can offer, on topics like how to use space in facilities, screening staff and controlling exposure there, who needs masks, and why — all of it keeps changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You give people a certain set of guidance, you kind of feel like, you know, like a tiny little sigh of relief, okay, we got that done, and then the very next day, it’s like, okay, now there’s new guidance, and now we have to kind of start all over again,” McNitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNitt’s goal is to stay on top of the risks rippling out of these outbreaks, and out of existing stresses in the long-term care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staffers paid lower wages may try to keep working, even if they’re ill. McNitt worries about care home workers who move among several part-time jobs, and might carry the virus without knowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Residents in more than one facility could be exposed because they often will work at one place during the week and another place on the weekends,” McNitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Care homes with outbreaks now need equipment from counties. Santa Clara County is providing protective gear to Canyon Springs Post-Acute in San Jose after an outbreak there. In Contra Costa, McNitt’s boss, Health Officer Dr. Chris Farnitano, says the health department has requested protective gear for Orinda Care Center from the county’s emergency operations center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve already delivered a large supply of that equipment and will continue to support the ongoing needs of this facility for…personal protective equipment,” he said, last Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not clear how long local stockpiles of gear can last. As health departments investigate more outbreaks in elder care homes, the safest guarantee specialists like Louise McNitt can offer is more phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>*\u003cem>This story has been updated to include a breakdown of the number of cases, so far, at Orinda Care, 51: this includes 27 patients, 22 staffers and 2 people who have been sent to hospital. In addition, this story has been updated to reflect the fact that infection control specialists are required at skilled nursing facilities.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"callout\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help KQED Science report on the pandemic!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As March began, Kermit Holderman was picking up his daughter-in-law Kelley curbside at the airport after a girls’ weekend in Vail, hugging her and helping her put luggage into the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dad had a few things he loved to do. And one of those things was pick us up from the airport,” said Zack Holderman, Kermit’s son. “He’d be at the cell lot 30 minutes before the plane would land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the month ended, the Holdermans were saying goodbye to the 73-year-old grandfather, father and retired educator who had in recent years taken steps to be as healthy as he could be. He died after testing positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state reports 276 Californians have died as a result of the global pandemic. On the day of that airport pickup, there were none. Over this month, families and the health system that cares for COVID-19 patients are just beginning to make sense of what is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them are the Holdermans, who hope Kermit’s story motivates people to stay alert to the virus’ threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have called and said, I saw it on CNN. It wasn’t really real,” Zack Holderman says. “And then when I heard about your dad, it became real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Vail Connection Has Just Been Scary’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kermit Holderman started to feel ill just a few days after that airport trip, right about the same time that the resort town Kelley visited confirmed its first cases of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado health officials now believe Italian snowboarders brought the virus to Vail. The Holdermans believe Kelley brought it home to California. Of 12 women who traveled and stayed in condominiums together, 10 have now tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kermit got to the hospital, according to Zack, “they said, you know, this thing is going around. We’re gonna give you a test. You got some other symptoms that are similar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out his father had COVID-19 at about 1:30 in the morning, the first Saturday in March, by text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dominoes Toppling Normal Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kermit Holderman taught English and coached sports over four decades at schools including Holy Cross Abbey in Canyon City, Colorado; Woodside Priory, in Portola Valley; and St. Francis High School, in Mountain View. He spent the final 20 years of his teaching career at Sacred Heart Preparatory in Atherton, where he would sometimes grill outside his classroom as a treat for his students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He taught Zack and his younger brother Dane. An A student generally, Zack says his dad rarely gave out Ds, but he only earned a B-plus from his dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where his father was a poet, Zack says he’s a numbers guy; he works in mortgage lending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to describe how he felt that first week in March, after his father was admitted to the hospital, Zack lists what happened: His wife had tested positive but was healthy; his mother was positive too, and had symptoms, but “not getting better or worse;” the kids were out of school; the family was in self-quarantine; “economy’s going to hell,” he said. “It was just a very tough period of time and every day seemed to get a little bit worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his mind, too, was the emotional burden his wife Kelley felt, that her airport run and close contact with her father-in-law had passed a silent threat on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these dominoes toppled normal life in just over a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to say I was desperate,” Zack says. “I was starting to feel a little scared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors said Holderman needed a ventilator, so they sedated him. They said it might be three days, maybe a week. But more time intubated raises a patient’s risk: of more infection, and of a more difficult recovery. And Holderman wasn’t getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kermit Holderman turned 73 in the hospital on March 27. Four days later, at the end of March, his wife, and Zack and Kelley, sat bedside layered in PPE — gloves, masks, and gowns — as he slipped away. Holderman’s younger son Dane, whose wife is a doctor in the Sacramento area, made the difficult decision to stay away with his young child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have cried more than I’ve ever cried my entire life in the past three weeks, which is not a bad thing,” Zack says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Just Some Guy From The Sticks of Oklahoma’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides his family, Kermit Holderman leaves behind thousands of students he educated and coached over a 44-year career. One remembers when he showed the movie Airplane in class, but blocked the screen for the naughty parts. Another says he checked on her daily, after a family member died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Morris, a computer science coordinator and teacher at Sacred Heart, remembers bleacher time at high school sports events, betting Holderman with hot dogs rather than money on which referee would call the most fouls, or whether the final score would be odd or even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard him say hundreds of times, ‘What do I know? I’m just some guy from the sticks of Oklahoma,’” Morris says. “Nothing could be further from the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from Oklahoma State, Holderman had joined the Peace Corps; Ethiopian food became a lifelong passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he taught my brother English, Holderman introduced him to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/food/2018/oct/06/yotam-ottolenghi-eritrean-ethiopian-recipes-berbere-vegetables-teff-flatbread\">berbere\u003c/a>, a north African spice mix. Later, he went back and taught at our high school, and Holderman cooked \u003ca href=\"https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1019079-doro-wat-ethiopian-style-spicy-chicken\">doro wat\u003c/a> with him; later still, he was leaving to go to grad school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kermit came up to me in the hallway with an envelope,” Michael Peterson remembers. “And inside of it was a bunch of that dark red berbere powder. And he said, this is the last of the good stuff that I had imported. I put a recipe in there too. A handwritten recipe for his doro wat, which is a recipe I still use today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zack says the Holdermans would eat doro wat and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/ethiopian-food-best-dishes-africa/index.html\">kitfo\u003c/a> at holidays. He doesn’t know who will cook the dishes now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the end of his father’s life can be of service, just as his father himself was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do what the people who know tell you,” Zack says. “This virus is horrible.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have called and said, I saw it on CNN. It wasn’t really real,” Zack Holderman says. “And then when I heard about your dad, it became real.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Vail Connection Has Just Been Scary’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kermit Holderman started to feel ill just a few days after that airport trip, right about the same time that the resort town Kelley visited confirmed its first cases of COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado health officials now believe Italian snowboarders brought the virus to Vail. The Holdermans believe Kelley brought it home to California. Of 12 women who traveled and stayed in condominiums together, 10 have now tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Kermit got to the hospital, according to Zack, “they said, you know, this thing is going around. We’re gonna give you a test. You got some other symptoms that are similar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He found out his father had COVID-19 at about 1:30 in the morning, the first Saturday in March, by text.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dominoes Toppling Normal Life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kermit Holderman taught English and coached sports over four decades at schools including Holy Cross Abbey in Canyon City, Colorado; Woodside Priory, in Portola Valley; and St. Francis High School, in Mountain View. He spent the final 20 years of his teaching career at Sacred Heart Preparatory in Atherton, where he would sometimes grill outside his classroom as a treat for his students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He taught Zack and his younger brother Dane. An A student generally, Zack says his dad rarely gave out Ds, but he only earned a B-plus from his dad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where his father was a poet, Zack says he’s a numbers guy; he works in mortgage lending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to describe how he felt that first week in March, after his father was admitted to the hospital, Zack lists what happened: His wife had tested positive but was healthy; his mother was positive too, and had symptoms, but “not getting better or worse;” the kids were out of school; the family was in self-quarantine; “economy’s going to hell,” he said. “It was just a very tough period of time and every day seemed to get a little bit worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On his mind, too, was the emotional burden his wife Kelley felt, that her airport run and close contact with her father-in-law had passed a silent threat on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these dominoes toppled normal life in just over a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to say I was desperate,” Zack says. “I was starting to feel a little scared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors said Holderman needed a ventilator, so they sedated him. They said it might be three days, maybe a week. But more time intubated raises a patient’s risk: of more infection, and of a more difficult recovery. And Holderman wasn’t getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kermit Holderman turned 73 in the hospital on March 27. Four days later, at the end of March, his wife, and Zack and Kelley, sat bedside layered in PPE — gloves, masks, and gowns — as he slipped away. Holderman’s younger son Dane, whose wife is a doctor in the Sacramento area, made the difficult decision to stay away with his young child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have cried more than I’ve ever cried my entire life in the past three weeks, which is not a bad thing,” Zack says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Just Some Guy From The Sticks of Oklahoma’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides his family, Kermit Holderman leaves behind thousands of students he educated and coached over a 44-year career. One remembers when he showed the movie Airplane in class, but blocked the screen for the naughty parts. Another says he checked on her daily, after a family member died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Morris, a computer science coordinator and teacher at Sacred Heart, remembers bleacher time at high school sports events, betting Holderman with hot dogs rather than money on which referee would call the most fouls, or whether the final score would be odd or even.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard him say hundreds of times, ‘What do I know? I’m just some guy from the sticks of Oklahoma,’” Morris says. “Nothing could be further from the truth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from Oklahoma State, Holderman had joined the Peace Corps; Ethiopian food became a lifelong passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he taught my brother English, Holderman introduced him to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/food/2018/oct/06/yotam-ottolenghi-eritrean-ethiopian-recipes-berbere-vegetables-teff-flatbread\">berbere\u003c/a>, a north African spice mix. Later, he went back and taught at our high school, and Holderman cooked \u003ca href=\"https://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1019079-doro-wat-ethiopian-style-spicy-chicken\">doro wat\u003c/a> with him; later still, he was leaving to go to grad school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kermit came up to me in the hallway with an envelope,” Michael Peterson remembers. “And inside of it was a bunch of that dark red berbere powder. And he said, this is the last of the good stuff that I had imported. I put a recipe in there too. A handwritten recipe for his doro wat, which is a recipe I still use today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zack says the Holdermans would eat doro wat and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/ethiopian-food-best-dishes-africa/index.html\">kitfo\u003c/a> at holidays. He doesn’t know who will cook the dishes now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the end of his father’s life can be of service, just as his father himself was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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