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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Westlands Water District \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/wwd-media/press-release-24/\">announced\u003c/a> this week that i\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t’s spiking a study \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on the potential effects of\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">raising the height of Shasta Dam. That’s because the district couldn’t meet \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the federal Bureau of Reclamation’s deadline for the study.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The announcement throws into question the future of elevating the dam and follows the Fresno-based irrigation district’s losses in court fights with California and environmental groups over the legality of the project. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Redding Record Searchlight \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reports\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that the feds were looking for partners to help pay to raise the dam 18.5 feet higher at a cost of $1.4 billion. Westlands was the only agency that had indicated interest in working with the bureau.\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Below is a good \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/newsom-and-the-ncaa-shasta-water-project-delay-officials-cash-in-on-legal-weed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">summary\u003c/a> of the story from Calmatters’ Dan Morain …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA plan to enlarge Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>to provide more water for Central Valley farms was dealt a significant setback Monday when one of the main advocates halted plans to study the project’s environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s complicated: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\u003c/strong> under the Trump administration dusted off plans to raise the height of Shasta Dam by 18.5 feet, a $1.4 billion project.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>That would increase\u003c/strong> Shasta reservoir’s capacity and make more water available, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/28/climate/bernhardt-shasta-dam.html\">detailed by The New York Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Uncle Sam expects\u003c/strong> a matching commitment from California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The state itself \u003c/strong>opposes the project, but not the Westlands Water District, which provides water to farms in Fresno and Kings counties.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enlarging Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>could damage the McCloud River, which flows into Shasta. State law protects the McLoud as a wild and scenic river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands decided\u003c/strong> to embark on an environmental impact report to test whether the project would, in fact, damage the McLoud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003c/strong>sued to block Westlands from undertaking that report. \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">Westlands lost in the courts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Monday, \u003c/strong>Westlands General Manager Tom Birmingham told me Westlands had no choice but to drop plans to complete the environmental impact report. Westlands could conduct a different type of analysis, but that will delay the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Birmingham: \u003c/strong>“It certainly has created a lot of uncertainty. How it will affect the Bureau of Reclamation, I don’t know.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The federal official\u003c/strong> overseeing the project did not respond Calmatter’s call.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here is previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/shasta-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED coverage\u003c/a> going back to 2013 on the proposed project,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Westlands Water District \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://wwd.ca.gov/wwd-media/press-release-24/\">announced\u003c/a> this week that i\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">t’s spiking a study \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">on the potential effects of\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">raising the height of Shasta Dam. That’s because the district couldn’t meet \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the federal Bureau of Reclamation’s deadline for the study.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The announcement throws into question the future of elevating the dam and follows the Fresno-based irrigation district’s losses in court fights with California and environmental groups over the legality of the project. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Redding Record Searchlight \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reports\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that the feds were looking for partners to help pay to raise the dam 18.5 feet higher at a cost of $1.4 billion. Westlands was the only agency that had indicated interest in working with the bureau.\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Below is a good \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/newsom-and-the-ncaa-shasta-water-project-delay-officials-cash-in-on-legal-weed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">summary\u003c/a> of the story from Calmatters’ Dan Morain …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA plan to enlarge Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>to provide more water for Central Valley farms was dealt a significant setback Monday when one of the main advocates halted plans to study the project’s environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s complicated: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation\u003c/strong> under the Trump administration dusted off plans to raise the height of Shasta Dam by 18.5 feet, a $1.4 billion project.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>That would increase\u003c/strong> Shasta reservoir’s capacity and make more water available, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/28/climate/bernhardt-shasta-dam.html\">detailed by The New York Times.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Uncle Sam expects\u003c/strong> a matching commitment from California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The state itself \u003c/strong>opposes the project, but not the Westlands Water District, which provides water to farms in Fresno and Kings counties.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enlarging Lake Shasta \u003c/strong>could damage the McCloud River, which flows into Shasta. State law protects the McLoud as a wild and scenic river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Westlands decided\u003c/strong> to embark on an environmental impact report to test whether the project would, in fact, damage the McLoud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003c/strong>sued to block Westlands from undertaking that report. \u003ca href=\"https://www.redding.com/story/news/2019/09/30/westlands-water-district-stops-work-shasta-dam-study-after-court-loss/3826124002/\">Westlands lost in the courts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Monday, \u003c/strong>Westlands General Manager Tom Birmingham told me Westlands had no choice but to drop plans to complete the environmental impact report. Westlands could conduct a different type of analysis, but that will delay the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Birmingham: \u003c/strong>“It certainly has created a lot of uncertainty. How it will affect the Bureau of Reclamation, I don’t know.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The federal official\u003c/strong> overseeing the project did not respond Calmatter’s call.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here is previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/shasta-dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED coverage\u003c/a> going back to 2013 on the proposed project,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Endangered Condor Chick Takes First Flight in Utah's Zion National Park",
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"content": "\u003cp>In another sign that California condors are making a comeback in the wild three decades after nearing the brink of extinction, a condor chick left its nest and made its first attempt at flight in Utah’s Zion National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Visitors last week saw the park’s first successful hatchling stretch its wings and stumble out of its nesting cave on a sweeping red-rock cliff in a sighting that was confirmed later by park biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Tim Hauck, who manages the condor reintroduction program for The Peregrine Fund group, described the 4½-month- condor’s flight attempt as a “controlled fall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">“The chick soared downward from the nest and landed on a lower cliff ledge,” Hauck said. “We expect it to stay there for a while with its parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">The surviving California condor population now stands at more than 500, with more than half of the birds with wingspans of up to 10 feet (3 meters) living in the wild in an area including Arizona, California, Utah and northern Mexico. Other condors have been captured for breeding purposes or are held in zoos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">At least two more chicks have been born at the Utah park, but died before they were old enough to fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Park rangers have nicknamed the surviving chick “1K” because it was the one thousandth condor hatched as part of the lengthy effort to boost the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">“We’ve been looking forward to this all summer, and we’re excited to see the chick continue to learn how to fly,” said Eugene Moissa, a park spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">The new chick’s parents are the only identified condor breeding pair in the park and are estimated to have been together two years. The female was born in 2006 at the San Diego Zoo and the male hatched in 2009 in Boise, Idaho, before being released into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fzionnps%2Fvideos%2F364106787786312%2F&show_text=1&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"527\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">They were bred as part of a program started in the 1980s after the number of California condors in the world dwindled to 22. The wild condors were captured and held in captivity to keep them safe and launch the breeding program involving government agencies, private organizations, citizens and biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">California condors raised in captivity were first released in 1996 at Vermilion Cliffs National Monument in northern Arizona near Utah. There are now more than 88 flying in the two states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">The condors typically lay eggs on cave floors or in large crevices. Parents usually mate for life, reproduce every two years at most and share incubation duties. Young condors typically make their first flights after six months but may stay in the nesting area for up to a year as their parents feed them and teach them how to search for the dead animal carcasses that they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Hauck said the hatchling’s flight attempt is a testament to the condor’s resilience and self-sustaining nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">“It’s a really special milestone for the re-population program” Hauck said. “It’s a reminder for us to take time to celebrate the little victories, but we still have a lot of work to do.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Zion National Park officials say an endangered California condor chick has left the nest and grown wings large enough to fly for the first time in park history.",
"title": "Endangered Condor Chick Takes First Flight in Utah's Zion National Park | KQED",
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"headline": "Endangered Condor Chick Takes First Flight in Utah's Zion National Park",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In another sign that California condors are making a comeback in the wild three decades after nearing the brink of extinction, a condor chick left its nest and made its first attempt at flight in Utah’s Zion National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Visitors last week saw the park’s first successful hatchling stretch its wings and stumble out of its nesting cave on a sweeping red-rock cliff in a sighting that was confirmed later by park biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Tim Hauck, who manages the condor reintroduction program for The Peregrine Fund group, described the 4½-month- condor’s flight attempt as a “controlled fall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">“The chick soared downward from the nest and landed on a lower cliff ledge,” Hauck said. “We expect it to stay there for a while with its parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">The surviving California condor population now stands at more than 500, with more than half of the birds with wingspans of up to 10 feet (3 meters) living in the wild in an area including Arizona, California, Utah and northern Mexico. Other condors have been captured for breeding purposes or are held in zoos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">At least two more chicks have been born at the Utah park, but died before they were old enough to fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Park rangers have nicknamed the surviving chick “1K” because it was the one thousandth condor hatched as part of the lengthy effort to boost the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">“We’ve been looking forward to this all summer, and we’re excited to see the chick continue to learn how to fly,” said Eugene Moissa, a park spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">The new chick’s parents are the only identified condor breeding pair in the park and are estimated to have been together two years. The female was born in 2006 at the San Diego Zoo and the male hatched in 2009 in Boise, Idaho, before being released into the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fzionnps%2Fvideos%2F364106787786312%2F&show_text=1&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"527\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">They were bred as part of a program started in the 1980s after the number of California condors in the world dwindled to 22. The wild condors were captured and held in captivity to keep them safe and launch the breeding program involving government agencies, private organizations, citizens and biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">California condors raised in captivity were first released in 1996 at Vermilion Cliffs National Monument in northern Arizona near Utah. There are now more than 88 flying in the two states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">The condors typically lay eggs on cave floors or in large crevices. Parents usually mate for life, reproduce every two years at most and share incubation duties. Young condors typically make their first flights after six months but may stay in the nesting area for up to a year as their parents feed them and teach them how to search for the dead animal carcasses that they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">Hauck said the hatchling’s flight attempt is a testament to the condor’s resilience and self-sustaining nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c01104 c0199\">“It’s a really special milestone for the re-population program” Hauck said. “It’s a reminder for us to take time to celebrate the little victories, but we still have a lot of work to do.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Newly Approved Fishing Gear Reduces Ocean Wildlife Entanglements",
"headTitle": "Newly Approved Fishing Gear Reduces Ocean Wildlife Entanglements | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>If you order fresh swordfish off a menu in California, there’s a good chance it was caught with something called a drift gillnet. But these mile-long mesh nets are also notorious for entangling leatherback sea turtles, grey whales, sharks and porpoises, often leaving them injured or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948342 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png 775w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-160x248.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-800x1239.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-768x1189.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Studies show that deep-set buoy gear can catch swordfish without entangling marine mammals. Click on the image to make it larger.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(The PEW Charitable Trusts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and state government have been working to ban gillnets for years. In 2018, California passed a law to begin phasing out use of the nets in the state’s swordfishery. Now, the agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved an eco-friendly alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called deep-set buoy gear, and here’s how its works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hooks baited with squid are dropped on single lines to depths of around 1,000 feet, where swordfish like to feed. Attached to the line are buoys that float on the surface. When a fish takes the bait, a buoy bobs underwater, telling the fisherman it’s time to reel in the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/benefits_of_deep-set_buoy_gear_november_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research shows that around 80 percent of what these lines bring up is swordfish. Over 90 percent is marketable when secondary species like thresher shark and opah are included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, studies show that more than half the haul from drift gillnets, on average, are discarded as unwanted bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After eight years of study, it is unequivocally a good way to catch swordfish without endangering so many other animals that are iconic to the West Coast,” said Paul Shively, who manages conservation projects for The PEW Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit that helped develop the new gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shively says that because gillnets are set out overnight near the surface of the ocean, they’re prone to ensnare many species that come up to feed. But buoy gear, he says, actively targets swordfish at deeper depths, where they feed during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council voted unanimously in September to authorize deep-set buoy gear for commercial swordfishing off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ugoretz, an environmental program manager with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, who represents California for the Pacific Fishery Management Council, says one of the big benefits of buoy gear is that because fishermen actively respond to fish on their lines, bycatch can be released quickly, without harming the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taking a new approach to catching a popular species and doing so in an environmentally friendly way,” Ugoretz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, in a statement, praised the council’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is home to some of the most diverse marine life in the world,” Feinstein said. “But the driftnets used off California kill more dolphins, whales and porpoises than all other fisheries along the West Coast and Alaska combined. The use of this indiscriminate gear is unsustainable and must end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Feinstein \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=943603D6-6D7B-47FB-A6AB-1249870A12F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reintroduced a bill\u003c/a> that would ban the use of gillnets in federal waters within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, gillnet permits issued in California were valid for the lifetime of the permit holder. These permits could then be transferred to the next generation of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a California state law signed by Gov. Brown last year made all existing gillnet permits nontransferable. The law also called for the creation of a transition program that would compensate fishermen if they surrender their gear in favor of a viable, environmentally responsible alternative. Once the gillnet transition program is finalized, existing drift gillnet permits will be valid for only four more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘100 Fish in 100 Days’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commercial fishermen question whether deep-set buoy gear is the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Sutton, a 40-year veteran swordfisherman based out of Ventura, has been testing the new gear on an experimental permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says while it’s good at accurately catching swordfish, the volume of fish he catches with buoy gear can’t compare to what he can pull up with gillnets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fish every darn day to just basically average one fish a day. So a gillnetter will catch 100 fish in 30 days and we’ll catch 100 fish in 100 days,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton says the switch to buoy gear could put many of the state’s commercial swordfishermen out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to buy a house, have kids, go to college, this isn’t the fishery,” Sutton said. “I don’t think this gear is ready for prime time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends the state take a slower approach and do more testing if it plans to move ahead with the four-year countdown to end drift gillnet fishing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, the change won’t happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s decision to approve deep-set buoy gear will now be passed on to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the agency in charge of creating the necessary regulations for its use. Ugoretz says this process could take more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s commercial fishermen can apply for experimental permits to start dropping deep-set buoy lines to catch swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved a safer alternative to drift gillnets, known for unintentionally entangling turtles, whales, sharks and porpoises.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you order fresh swordfish off a menu in California, there’s a good chance it was caught with something called a drift gillnet. But these mile-long mesh nets are also notorious for entangling leatherback sea turtles, grey whales, sharks and porpoises, often leaving them injured or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948342 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png 775w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-160x248.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-800x1239.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-768x1189.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Studies show that deep-set buoy gear can catch swordfish without entangling marine mammals. Click on the image to make it larger.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(The PEW Charitable Trusts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and state government have been working to ban gillnets for years. In 2018, California passed a law to begin phasing out use of the nets in the state’s swordfishery. Now, the agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved an eco-friendly alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called deep-set buoy gear, and here’s how its works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hooks baited with squid are dropped on single lines to depths of around 1,000 feet, where swordfish like to feed. Attached to the line are buoys that float on the surface. When a fish takes the bait, a buoy bobs underwater, telling the fisherman it’s time to reel in the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/benefits_of_deep-set_buoy_gear_november_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research shows that around 80 percent of what these lines bring up is swordfish. Over 90 percent is marketable when secondary species like thresher shark and opah are included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, studies show that more than half the haul from drift gillnets, on average, are discarded as unwanted bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After eight years of study, it is unequivocally a good way to catch swordfish without endangering so many other animals that are iconic to the West Coast,” said Paul Shively, who manages conservation projects for The PEW Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit that helped develop the new gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shively says that because gillnets are set out overnight near the surface of the ocean, they’re prone to ensnare many species that come up to feed. But buoy gear, he says, actively targets swordfish at deeper depths, where they feed during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council voted unanimously in September to authorize deep-set buoy gear for commercial swordfishing off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ugoretz, an environmental program manager with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, who represents California for the Pacific Fishery Management Council, says one of the big benefits of buoy gear is that because fishermen actively respond to fish on their lines, bycatch can be released quickly, without harming the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taking a new approach to catching a popular species and doing so in an environmentally friendly way,” Ugoretz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, in a statement, praised the council’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is home to some of the most diverse marine life in the world,” Feinstein said. “But the driftnets used off California kill more dolphins, whales and porpoises than all other fisheries along the West Coast and Alaska combined. The use of this indiscriminate gear is unsustainable and must end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Feinstein \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=943603D6-6D7B-47FB-A6AB-1249870A12F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reintroduced a bill\u003c/a> that would ban the use of gillnets in federal waters within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, gillnet permits issued in California were valid for the lifetime of the permit holder. These permits could then be transferred to the next generation of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a California state law signed by Gov. Brown last year made all existing gillnet permits nontransferable. The law also called for the creation of a transition program that would compensate fishermen if they surrender their gear in favor of a viable, environmentally responsible alternative. Once the gillnet transition program is finalized, existing drift gillnet permits will be valid for only four more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘100 Fish in 100 Days’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commercial fishermen question whether deep-set buoy gear is the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Sutton, a 40-year veteran swordfisherman based out of Ventura, has been testing the new gear on an experimental permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says while it’s good at accurately catching swordfish, the volume of fish he catches with buoy gear can’t compare to what he can pull up with gillnets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fish every darn day to just basically average one fish a day. So a gillnetter will catch 100 fish in 30 days and we’ll catch 100 fish in 100 days,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton says the switch to buoy gear could put many of the state’s commercial swordfishermen out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to buy a house, have kids, go to college, this isn’t the fishery,” Sutton said. “I don’t think this gear is ready for prime time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends the state take a slower approach and do more testing if it plans to move ahead with the four-year countdown to end drift gillnet fishing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, the change won’t happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s decision to approve deep-set buoy gear will now be passed on to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the agency in charge of creating the necessary regulations for its use. Ugoretz says this process could take more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s commercial fishermen can apply for experimental permits to start dropping deep-set buoy lines to catch swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Paradise Residents Still Can't Drink the Water",
"headTitle": "Paradise Residents Still Can’t Drink the Water | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Since last November, when the Camp Fire almost completely destroyed the town of Paradise, the cancer-causing chemical benzene has tainted the town’s water, leaving it undrinkable. Now an independent team of scientists will begin testing for the carcinogen and other pollutants inside the houses that the fire left standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]Ten months after the Camp Fire, the Paradise Irrigation District still warns residents not to use its water for brushing teeth, making ice, cooking and drinking.[/pullquote]“The main goal is to really understand what’s going on, basically, and to address any issues that come up,” environmental health investigator Dr. Gina Solomon told residents at a recent Paradise Irrigation District meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten months after the Camp Fire, the irrigation district still \u003ca href=\"https://pidwater.com/wqadvisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warns residents\u003c/a> not to use its water for brushing teeth, making ice, cooking and drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents have purchased tanks at a cost of thousands of dollars, filling them regularly for hundreds more. Others rely on bottled water that the district provides daily at a parking lot. A small number of people are back at their properties with an all-clear; a larger number are waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Exceeding Safe Limits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where fire didn’t destroy water systems, it has left the risk of contamination, though the extent of that risk is still unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents have not yet returned to their homes. Unless they’ve done their own testing, they likely don’t know whether benzene reached their taps; local water suppliers aren’t responsible for water quality problems in private homes. Even the testing that suppliers have done hasn’t followed a consistent standard, and it still isn’t complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts at the water districts and beyond say discerning a pattern in the contamination is difficult because the burn was so severe and widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise Irrigation District has \u003ca href=\"https://pidwater.com/recovery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sampled\u003c/a> water at more than 2,700 sites, including both the water mains and the service laterals — the pipes that connect the mains to the meters at individual properties. In those pipes that connect to burned lots, tests have found benzene tainting the water 30% of the time, as opposed to just 13% in service lines connected to homes that were left standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring Magalia, a private water provider, the Del Oro Water Company, tested for and \u003ca href=\"http://www.delorowater.com/deloro/water-information/camp-fire.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> benzene in five of its service lines. Del Oro subsequently flushed its pipes, and tests have come back clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sets a benzene limit in water of one part per billion, roughly equivalent to a single drop in someone’s swimming pool. The state’s standard is based on the assumption that a person might drink 2 liters of water a day for a lifetime. The federal standard is slightly higher, at 5 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limited testing in Butte County has found some sites significantly higher than those numbers. State and local officials stress that most positive hits for benzene have averaged around 20 parts per billion. But at one property in Paradise, testing found a benzene level of 923 parts per billion; in Del Oro, there was one found at 530 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Emerging Threat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solomon says benzene contamination following a fire is an emerging and complex threat. What’s happening in Paradise has only been reported once before, after the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fire burned Santa Rosa’s Fountaingrove neighborhood two years ago, tests found benzene in the area’s water main, in service components, and in service lines. At the time, local officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920335/cancer-causing-chemical-detected-in-fountaingrove-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attributed\u003c/a> the problem to melting plastic pipes, and to system depressurization that might have helped the contamination spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the systems that burned in the Camp Fire have been found to contain benzene-tainted water in both metal and plastic pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change exacerbates wildfires, it also puts stress on infrastructure. “We are learning with everybody here how to recover a water system from a devastating fire,” says the Paradise Irrigation District’s Kevin Phillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this question about what’s happening between the service line and the tap,” says Solomon, a clinical professor at UC San Francisco and principal investigator at the Public Health Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question her team hopes to help answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where’s It Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent weekday, Solomon poked at water meters in locations where the Paradise Irrigation District found benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-complete_open_graph wp-image-1948255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-1200x900.jpg\" alt=\"UCSF and Public Health Institute researcher Dr. Gina Solomon and the State Water Resources Control Board’s Yvonne Heaney examined water meters and water pipes in Paradise.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCSF and Public Health Institute researcher Dr. Gina Solomon and the State Water Resources Control Board’s Yvonne Heaney examined water meters and water pipes in Paradise. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire burned away 90 percent of structures in town. The few houses left look like jack-o-lantern teeth sticking up between the gaps, made up of empty streets. At every lot, burned or not, the skeleton of a water system remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is melted,” Solomon confirmed, tapping a meter with a stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solomon’s team, including researchers from UC San Francisco and Oakland’s Public Health Institute, plans to test for benzene at the kitchen sinks of 175 homes in burned areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a public meeting, Solomon said the team wants to identify how far the toxic chemical has spread into standing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re also interested in any clues as to where that benzene might be coming from,” she said. “There are theories, but there’s not really a clear scientifically supported reason that we’re quite confident of yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team will begin testing next month and hopes to have the first round of results made public by Thanksgiving. Solomon says if they find benzene in homes during this first phase, the team will go back for more detailed and broader testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clearing the System — Slowly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise Irrigation District says that 70 percent of mains and hundreds of service connections are clear. Speaking at a public meeting, a consultant to the irrigation district, Sami Kader, said that getting an individual home cleared is “tortuous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we can send someone a letter, we have to be confident that everything that connects that person to the water treatment plant has been tested and cleared,” Kader said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts are cautious by design, and officials in Paradise say the long-term plan is to replace all of the service laterals. In the near- term, work will focus on connections to burned lots, where tests have found contamination more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips, the water chief in Paradise, says the city will need money to replace its systems. The town is seeking help from federal authorities; it’s not yet clear how much of the cost the Federal Emergency Management Agency will pick up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At September’s public meeting, Phillips expressed thanks to residents for their patience as his district works to return the water system to functionality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we are behind,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Ten months after the Camp Fire, the Paradise Irrigation District still warns residents not to use its water for brushing teeth, making ice, cooking and drinking.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since last November, when the Camp Fire almost completely destroyed the town of Paradise, the cancer-causing chemical benzene has tainted the town’s water, leaving it undrinkable. Now an independent team of scientists will begin testing for the carcinogen and other pollutants inside the houses that the fire left standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The main goal is to really understand what’s going on, basically, and to address any issues that come up,” environmental health investigator Dr. Gina Solomon told residents at a recent Paradise Irrigation District meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten months after the Camp Fire, the irrigation district still \u003ca href=\"https://pidwater.com/wqadvisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">warns residents\u003c/a> not to use its water for brushing teeth, making ice, cooking and drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents have purchased tanks at a cost of thousands of dollars, filling them regularly for hundreds more. Others rely on bottled water that the district provides daily at a parking lot. A small number of people are back at their properties with an all-clear; a larger number are waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Exceeding Safe Limits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where fire didn’t destroy water systems, it has left the risk of contamination, though the extent of that risk is still unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents have not yet returned to their homes. Unless they’ve done their own testing, they likely don’t know whether benzene reached their taps; local water suppliers aren’t responsible for water quality problems in private homes. Even the testing that suppliers have done hasn’t followed a consistent standard, and it still isn’t complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts at the water districts and beyond say discerning a pattern in the contamination is difficult because the burn was so severe and widespread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise Irrigation District has \u003ca href=\"https://pidwater.com/recovery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sampled\u003c/a> water at more than 2,700 sites, including both the water mains and the service laterals — the pipes that connect the mains to the meters at individual properties. In those pipes that connect to burned lots, tests have found benzene tainting the water 30% of the time, as opposed to just 13% in service lines connected to homes that were left standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In neighboring Magalia, a private water provider, the Del Oro Water Company, tested for and \u003ca href=\"http://www.delorowater.com/deloro/water-information/camp-fire.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> benzene in five of its service lines. Del Oro subsequently flushed its pipes, and tests have come back clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sets a benzene limit in water of one part per billion, roughly equivalent to a single drop in someone’s swimming pool. The state’s standard is based on the assumption that a person might drink 2 liters of water a day for a lifetime. The federal standard is slightly higher, at 5 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limited testing in Butte County has found some sites significantly higher than those numbers. State and local officials stress that most positive hits for benzene have averaged around 20 parts per billion. But at one property in Paradise, testing found a benzene level of 923 parts per billion; in Del Oro, there was one found at 530 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Emerging Threat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solomon says benzene contamination following a fire is an emerging and complex threat. What’s happening in Paradise has only been reported once before, after the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fire burned Santa Rosa’s Fountaingrove neighborhood two years ago, tests found benzene in the area’s water main, in service components, and in service lines. At the time, local officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920335/cancer-causing-chemical-detected-in-fountaingrove-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">attributed\u003c/a> the problem to melting plastic pipes, and to system depressurization that might have helped the contamination spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the systems that burned in the Camp Fire have been found to contain benzene-tainted water in both metal and plastic pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As climate change exacerbates wildfires, it also puts stress on infrastructure. “We are learning with everybody here how to recover a water system from a devastating fire,” says the Paradise Irrigation District’s Kevin Phillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this question about what’s happening between the service line and the tap,” says Solomon, a clinical professor at UC San Francisco and principal investigator at the Public Health Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question her team hopes to help answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where’s It Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent weekday, Solomon poked at water meters in locations where the Paradise Irrigation District found benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948255\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-complete_open_graph wp-image-1948255\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-1200x900.jpg\" alt=\"UCSF and Public Health Institute researcher Dr. Gina Solomon and the State Water Resources Control Board’s Yvonne Heaney examined water meters and water pipes in Paradise.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Benzene-Paradise-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCSF and Public Health Institute researcher Dr. Gina Solomon and the State Water Resources Control Board’s Yvonne Heaney examined water meters and water pipes in Paradise. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire burned away 90 percent of structures in town. The few houses left look like jack-o-lantern teeth sticking up between the gaps, made up of empty streets. At every lot, burned or not, the skeleton of a water system remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is melted,” Solomon confirmed, tapping a meter with a stick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solomon’s team, including researchers from UC San Francisco and Oakland’s Public Health Institute, plans to test for benzene at the kitchen sinks of 175 homes in burned areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a public meeting, Solomon said the team wants to identify how far the toxic chemical has spread into standing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re also interested in any clues as to where that benzene might be coming from,” she said. “There are theories, but there’s not really a clear scientifically supported reason that we’re quite confident of yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team will begin testing next month and hopes to have the first round of results made public by Thanksgiving. Solomon says if they find benzene in homes during this first phase, the team will go back for more detailed and broader testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clearing the System — Slowly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise Irrigation District says that 70 percent of mains and hundreds of service connections are clear. Speaking at a public meeting, a consultant to the irrigation district, Sami Kader, said that getting an individual home cleared is “tortuous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before we can send someone a letter, we have to be confident that everything that connects that person to the water treatment plant has been tested and cleared,” Kader said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts are cautious by design, and officials in Paradise say the long-term plan is to replace all of the service laterals. In the near- term, work will focus on connections to burned lots, where tests have found contamination more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips, the water chief in Paradise, says the city will need money to replace its systems. The town is seeking help from federal authorities; it’s not yet clear how much of the cost the Federal Emergency Management Agency will pick up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At September’s public meeting, Phillips expressed thanks to residents for their patience as his district works to return the water system to functionality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know we are behind,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "New Fire Retardant Acts Like 'Vaccine' Against Wildfires",
"headTitle": "New Fire Retardant Acts Like ‘Vaccine’ Against Wildfires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s last two fire seasons were brutal. As the Legislature struggles to fund fire \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948013/california-lawmakers-plans-to-protect-homes-from-wildfire-fall-short\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safety proposals\u003c/a>, and agencies spend more on firefighting crews, a team of scientists is proposing a novel solution: extinguishing fires before they start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something we do with vaccines all the time,” said Eric Appel, materials scientist at Stanford. “You have high-risk populations and you vaccinate them against the disease in the first place. As with many things, prevention is cheaper, easier and more effective than treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appel is senior author on a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1907855116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>, reporting on the first field trials of a long-acting, environmentally benign fire retardant that he hopes will reshape the way fires are prevented and fought in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people think that fires just sort of start willy nilly anywhere in the forest. But it turns out that that’s not really true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that most wildfires start in the same locations, and that the retardant will protect an area for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what that means,” Appel says, “is that you would only need to treat a very small amount of land in order to prevent a majority of fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Spark of An Idea\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For co-author Jesse Acosta, adjunct professor of Natural Resource Management at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, a moment of inspiration came years ago, as he stood in the sweltering heat of Hawaii, working for the U.S. Forest Service in a Smokey Bear costume, trying to convince people to care about fire prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I don’t know if it was the actual discomfort of the suit that made me think about things differently, or if it was some sort of late-night epiphany,” said the former Fire Prevention Forester, “but it became very clear to me very quickly that [outreach] was not effective in terms of preventing fires.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likely, it was both, but it would take a move to Connecticut and a chance meeting with a colleague for the building blocks of a new approach to fall into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the time, \u003ca href=\"http://www.supramolecularbiomaterials.com/\">Eric Appel\u003c/a>, now a materials scientist at Stanford University, was studying medical drug delivery at MIT, \u003c/span>“answering the question of ‘H\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ow do we keep these drug molecules stable and get them where they need to go and keep them where they need to be?'”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer lead to the development of a “hydrogel” \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">made of\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">inexpensive, renewable and benign materials that could deliver medications in a human body and keep them stable over time. For example, an early application allowed people with diabetes to receive a single injection that supplied insulin over six months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydrogels themselves may seem an unlikely hero: They’re pale, shapeless blobs reminiscent of thick shampoo or mayonnaise. You mix them up in buckets, foregoing a lab coat for rubber boots. But to Appel, their beauty lies in the thoughtfulness of their design.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gels we’re making are sophisticated and scalable. They form from simple components,” said Appel. “And they function like molecular Velcro,” meaning they can change their properties to allow them to be sprayed easily from a needle or nozzle.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta was aware of Appel’s hydrogels and thought about what might happen if you replaced medications with a “molecular cargo” of flame retardants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It was around midnight when it finally dawned on me to use these hydrogels,” Acosta said\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> pointing out the many commonalities shared between what makes something safe for the human body and what makes something environmentally benign. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Let’s wrap up fire retardant in these hydrogels and see if they are able to stick to fuels and persist through weather.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ilhFV7DIbxo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Out of the Lab and Into the Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this unlikely series of events, Appel, Acosta and collaborators received funding through Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://woods.stanford.edu/research/realizing-environmental-innovation-program\">Realizing Environmental Innovation Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appel and his collaborators began working with Cal Fire to identify where fires start each year. They found fires reproducibly start year-after-year in the same places, calculating that 84 percent of wildfires in California in the last 10 years have started at the same high-risk roadside spots or near utilities infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the success of a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/52f83177e4b045fae914ddf2/t/584257b446c3c4f2f7d665e2/1480742837825/Yu_Appel_PNAS.pdf\">pilot study\u003c/a> on small piles of pine shavings, this new study tests hydrogel performance on a larger scale. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They treated plots of native grass 10 feet long and 10 feet wide with their product and set both those and untreated control plots alight, watching how they burned. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“T\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hey just explode,” Appel said of the control plots. “It’s a pyromaniac’s best afternoon.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appel and Acosta also wanted to address a major shortcoming of current retardants — that they are not meant to persist long beyond their initial application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, much of the millions of tons of retardant that planes drop onto fires each year are \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rendered useless by subsequent dumps of water onto active fire-lines. Even heavy dews and fogs, common along the California coast, can decrease the retardants’ efficiency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The hydrogel, by contrast, stays at full potency and continues delivering fire protection over months of the traditional fire season. The hydrogels also stand up to dew, fog, and moderate rain, although they are intentionally designed to wash away at the start of the wetter fall months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can put 20,000 gallons of this on an area for prevention, or 1 million gallons of the traditional formulation after a fire starts,” said study lead author Anthony Yu, a Ph.D. student in materials science and engineering at Stanford, in a media release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The New Reality of Fire in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Acosta, a policy of suppression and a cultural view that fire is villainous has pitted the country against a future where extreme fires are guaranteed. This is due to a massive buildup of fuel — dead trees, brush and chaparral — in an ecosystem that has historically required fires as a natural part of the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every fire we fight, every fire that happens, has the potential to be the Mendocino Complex or the Thomas Fire or the Carr Fire or the Ferguson Fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the economic costs of fighting fires have become enormous. Last year the federal government spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_documents/SuppCosts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$3 billion\u003c/a> to put out blazes. Local agencies are also strapped. Fighting fires and defending one hot, 4-mile stretch along Highway 118 in Ventura County costs an average of $5.5 million annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The true importance of hydrogels, Acosta says, extends beyond their use as a long-term, environmentally benign treatment. By stopping fires from ever starting, it pushes the balance of power further into our favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can stop fighting these catastrophic fires in June and July, Acosta said, “and fight them on our terms with prescribed burns in cooler, wetter weather and during times when we have more money freed up for fighting fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the next week, crews will apply the long-term fire retardant to some of Highway 118 and two other stretches of road in San Diego County. These will be the first large projects of a company formed to promote the retardant, which is now sold as Fortify. Appel and Yu are listed as inventors on the Fortify patent. Appel is Chief Technical Advisor for the new company, Ladera Tech. Jesse Acosta is Chief Business Officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wes Bolsen, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ladera.tech/team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ladera\u003c/a>, estimates roadside treatments will cost Cal Fire and the California Department of Transportation between $20,000 and $200,000, depending on the mileage and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolsen says utilities have also expressed interest in the retardant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Projects such as this may signal the first drop in a flood of new tools and methods aimed at developing a more holistic approach to accommodating fires in the state. Acosta feels hopeful because ultimately everyone he has worked with — from politicians to firefighters to loggers — are working toward a common goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These new technological advances,” he said, “are giving us the power to make new and better decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this is that Appel and Yu hope that their retardant won’t just help put out fires. The researchers hope products like this will help start controlled burns. Not only can it be used as a tool to limit the area burned, it can protect rare plants within it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re out in an area, you can’t just burn through because you might damage those plants,” said Appel. “So these materials can actually be used to provide sort of a protective layer around those plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Stanford researchers say they have found a wildfire solution — a non-toxic, environmentally benign retardant that can persist throughout a fire season. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s last two fire seasons were brutal. As the Legislature struggles to fund fire \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948013/california-lawmakers-plans-to-protect-homes-from-wildfire-fall-short\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safety proposals\u003c/a>, and agencies spend more on firefighting crews, a team of scientists is proposing a novel solution: extinguishing fires before they start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something we do with vaccines all the time,” said Eric Appel, materials scientist at Stanford. “You have high-risk populations and you vaccinate them against the disease in the first place. As with many things, prevention is cheaper, easier and more effective than treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appel is senior author on a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1907855116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>, reporting on the first field trials of a long-acting, environmentally benign fire retardant that he hopes will reshape the way fires are prevented and fought in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people think that fires just sort of start willy nilly anywhere in the forest. But it turns out that that’s not really true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that most wildfires start in the same locations, and that the retardant will protect an area for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what that means,” Appel says, “is that you would only need to treat a very small amount of land in order to prevent a majority of fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Spark of An Idea\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For co-author Jesse Acosta, adjunct professor of Natural Resource Management at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, a moment of inspiration came years ago, as he stood in the sweltering heat of Hawaii, working for the U.S. Forest Service in a Smokey Bear costume, trying to convince people to care about fire prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I don’t know if it was the actual discomfort of the suit that made me think about things differently, or if it was some sort of late-night epiphany,” said the former Fire Prevention Forester, “but it became very clear to me very quickly that [outreach] was not effective in terms of preventing fires.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likely, it was both, but it would take a move to Connecticut and a chance meeting with a colleague for the building blocks of a new approach to fall into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the time, \u003ca href=\"http://www.supramolecularbiomaterials.com/\">Eric Appel\u003c/a>, now a materials scientist at Stanford University, was studying medical drug delivery at MIT, \u003c/span>“answering the question of ‘H\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ow do we keep these drug molecules stable and get them where they need to go and keep them where they need to be?'”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer lead to the development of a “hydrogel” \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">made of\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">inexpensive, renewable and benign materials that could deliver medications in a human body and keep them stable over time. For example, an early application allowed people with diabetes to receive a single injection that supplied insulin over six months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hydrogels themselves may seem an unlikely hero: They’re pale, shapeless blobs reminiscent of thick shampoo or mayonnaise. You mix them up in buckets, foregoing a lab coat for rubber boots. But to Appel, their beauty lies in the thoughtfulness of their design.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gels we’re making are sophisticated and scalable. They form from simple components,” said Appel. “And they function like molecular Velcro,” meaning they can change their properties to allow them to be sprayed easily from a needle or nozzle.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta was aware of Appel’s hydrogels and thought about what might happen if you replaced medications with a “molecular cargo” of flame retardants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It was around midnight when it finally dawned on me to use these hydrogels,” Acosta said\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> pointing out the many commonalities shared between what makes something safe for the human body and what makes something environmentally benign. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Let’s wrap up fire retardant in these hydrogels and see if they are able to stick to fuels and persist through weather.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ilhFV7DIbxo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ilhFV7DIbxo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Out of the Lab and Into the Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After this unlikely series of events, Appel, Acosta and collaborators received funding through Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://woods.stanford.edu/research/realizing-environmental-innovation-program\">Realizing Environmental Innovation Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appel and his collaborators began working with Cal Fire to identify where fires start each year. They found fires reproducibly start year-after-year in the same places, calculating that 84 percent of wildfires in California in the last 10 years have started at the same high-risk roadside spots or near utilities infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the success of a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/52f83177e4b045fae914ddf2/t/584257b446c3c4f2f7d665e2/1480742837825/Yu_Appel_PNAS.pdf\">pilot study\u003c/a> on small piles of pine shavings, this new study tests hydrogel performance on a larger scale. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They treated plots of native grass 10 feet long and 10 feet wide with their product and set both those and untreated control plots alight, watching how they burned. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“T\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">hey just explode,” Appel said of the control plots. “It’s a pyromaniac’s best afternoon.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appel and Acosta also wanted to address a major shortcoming of current retardants — that they are not meant to persist long beyond their initial application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, much of the millions of tons of retardant that planes drop onto fires each year are \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">rendered useless by subsequent dumps of water onto active fire-lines. Even heavy dews and fogs, common along the California coast, can decrease the retardants’ efficiency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The hydrogel, by contrast, stays at full potency and continues delivering fire protection over months of the traditional fire season. The hydrogels also stand up to dew, fog, and moderate rain, although they are intentionally designed to wash away at the start of the wetter fall months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can put 20,000 gallons of this on an area for prevention, or 1 million gallons of the traditional formulation after a fire starts,” said study lead author Anthony Yu, a Ph.D. student in materials science and engineering at Stanford, in a media release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The New Reality of Fire in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Acosta, a policy of suppression and a cultural view that fire is villainous has pitted the country against a future where extreme fires are guaranteed. This is due to a massive buildup of fuel — dead trees, brush and chaparral — in an ecosystem that has historically required fires as a natural part of the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every fire we fight, every fire that happens, has the potential to be the Mendocino Complex or the Thomas Fire or the Carr Fire or the Ferguson Fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the economic costs of fighting fires have become enormous. Last year the federal government spent \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/fireInfo_documents/SuppCosts.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$3 billion\u003c/a> to put out blazes. Local agencies are also strapped. Fighting fires and defending one hot, 4-mile stretch along Highway 118 in Ventura County costs an average of $5.5 million annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The true importance of hydrogels, Acosta says, extends beyond their use as a long-term, environmentally benign treatment. By stopping fires from ever starting, it pushes the balance of power further into our favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can stop fighting these catastrophic fires in June and July, Acosta said, “and fight them on our terms with prescribed burns in cooler, wetter weather and during times when we have more money freed up for fighting fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the next week, crews will apply the long-term fire retardant to some of Highway 118 and two other stretches of road in San Diego County. These will be the first large projects of a company formed to promote the retardant, which is now sold as Fortify. Appel and Yu are listed as inventors on the Fortify patent. Appel is Chief Technical Advisor for the new company, Ladera Tech. Jesse Acosta is Chief Business Officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wes Bolsen, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ladera.tech/team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ladera\u003c/a>, estimates roadside treatments will cost Cal Fire and the California Department of Transportation between $20,000 and $200,000, depending on the mileage and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolsen says utilities have also expressed interest in the retardant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Projects such as this may signal the first drop in a flood of new tools and methods aimed at developing a more holistic approach to accommodating fires in the state. Acosta feels hopeful because ultimately everyone he has worked with — from politicians to firefighters to loggers — are working toward a common goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These new technological advances,” he said, “are giving us the power to make new and better decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this is that Appel and Yu hope that their retardant won’t just help put out fires. The researchers hope products like this will help start controlled burns. Not only can it be used as a tool to limit the area burned, it can protect rare plants within it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re out in an area, you can’t just burn through because you might damage those plants,” said Appel. “So these materials can actually be used to provide sort of a protective layer around those plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Where Animals and Plants Might Survive Climate Change",
"headTitle": "Where Animals and Plants Might Survive Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists are searching for pockets of ecological resistance in the face of climate change, places that seem to be warming less quickly than others due to unique natural conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that as the earth continues to get hotter, these “climate refugia” could serve as strongholds for plants and animals\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003c/a>For a decade, scientists have been studying this phenomenon in a steep mountain valley in the Sierra Nevada. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/depo/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Devils Postpile National Monument\u003c/a> is known for its distinct geologic formations, where the crumbling columns of rock from an ancient lava bed resemble, well, a pile of posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Deanna Dulen began working there almost 20 years ago, she noticed something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was even colder than I ever anticipated,” said Dulen, who is now superintendent of the monument. The chill was especially noticeable on the floor of the valley, which was colder than the peaks thousands of feet above it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the opposite of what you’d expect,” she said. “Usually you expect as you go up in elevation, it will be getting colder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation=\"Toni Lynn Morelli, Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center\"]‘I feel like it gives people some hope. Or at least something positive to focus on.’[/pullquote]Dulen began working with several scientists to investigate. After installing dozens of temperature sensors around the valley, they discovered it undergoes “cold air pooling,” a phenomenon that keeps a mass of cool air sitting on the valley floor for about half the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It happens thanks to the Postpile’s special topography. The valley is aligned north-south, surrounded by high granite walls, which block the sunlight and cast huge shadows across the valley floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the morning it stays shadier in the valley much later, and then it gets shadier earlier in the afternoon,” Dulen said. “That shade helps to make it cooler.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cold air also gets trapped, especially in the Soda Springs meadow, where the granite walls come together at one end, leaving only a narrow opening for the air to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially that cold air bottlenecks up,” Dulen said. In the early morning, the meadow can be 18 degrees cooler than locations just a few hundred feet above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dulen and her colleagues realized that this effect could prove particularly important in a warming climate. From her time working in Alaska, Dulen knew about “paleoclimate refugia,” the spots that remained relatively free of ice during the last ice age, allowing plants and animals to endure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The high valley walls around Soda Springs meadow cast deep shadows, keeping it cooler. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Devils Postpile could be a modern “climate refugia,” she thinks, where plants and animals would be somewhat buffered from the effects of rising temperatures. That’s especially important for mountain meadow habitat, which supports a huge number of Sierra Nevada species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very concerned about the impacts of a warming climate,” said Dulen. “We have a very high concentration of biodiversity here. We actually have 400 species of plants in just 800 acres; a hundred species of birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dulen says knowing where climate refugia are can help land managers conserve them. The park service is looking at protecting Soda Springs meadow by keeping out invasive species and making sure the forests around it don’t become overgrown and fire-prone. She may also have to defend against “conifer encroachment,” where pine trees invade mountain meadows in search of water in a hotter, drier climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948173\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-800x688.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-800x688.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-160x138.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-768x660.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-1020x877.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-1200x1031.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Devils Postpile Superintendent Deanna Dulen. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dulen says knowing where climate refugia are can help land managers conserve them. The park service is looking at protecting Soda Springs meadow by keeping out invasive species and making sure the forests around it don’t become overgrown and fire-prone. She may also have to defend against “conifer encroachment,” where pine trees invade mountain meadows in search of water in a hotter, drier climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no easy answers, but it’s the challenge that we’ve been called to do, and it’s part of working for the National Park Service,” she said. “Parks are living labs for understanding our natural world and how to become better stewards so we can have this for our generation and future generations of all species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dulen is hopeful their efforts will become a model for finding other climate refugia. Initiatives are already underway in Acadia National Park in Maine, where researchers have mapped climate havens for 30 different plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s urgency in identifying these places so we can protect them,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eco.umass.edu/people/adjunct-faculty/morelli-toni-lyn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Toni Lyn Morelli\u003c/a>, who led the work in Acadia and is a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey at the \u003ca href=\"https://necsc.umass.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center\u003c/a> in Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how fast the climate is changing, though, scientists believe refugia can protect plants and animals for only so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there are clearly limits,” she said. “In one sense, this is just buying time for us as a society to come up with better solutions and stop climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Morelli says, climate refugia could be an important strategy for land managers to lessen climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like it gives people some hope. Or at least something positive to focus on. I think climate change is really hard to think about and to be experiencing. And it’s especially hard for natural resource managers to be responsible for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED Science’s partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 300 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists are searching for pockets of ecological resistance in the face of climate change, places that seem to be warming less quickly than others due to unique natural conditions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists are searching for pockets of ecological resistance in the face of climate change, places that seem to be warming less quickly than others due to unique natural conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that as the earth continues to get hotter, these “climate refugia” could serve as strongholds for plants and animals\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\">\u003c/a>For a decade, scientists have been studying this phenomenon in a steep mountain valley in the Sierra Nevada. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/depo/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Devils Postpile National Monument\u003c/a> is known for its distinct geologic formations, where the crumbling columns of rock from an ancient lava bed resemble, well, a pile of posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Deanna Dulen began working there almost 20 years ago, she noticed something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was even colder than I ever anticipated,” said Dulen, who is now superintendent of the monument. The chill was especially noticeable on the floor of the valley, which was colder than the peaks thousands of feet above it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the opposite of what you’d expect,” she said. “Usually you expect as you go up in elevation, it will be getting colder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Dulen began working with several scientists to investigate. After installing dozens of temperature sensors around the valley, they discovered it undergoes “cold air pooling,” a phenomenon that keeps a mass of cool air sitting on the valley floor for about half the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It happens thanks to the Postpile’s special topography. The valley is aligned north-south, surrounded by high granite walls, which block the sunlight and cast huge shadows across the valley floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the morning it stays shadier in the valley much later, and then it gets shadier earlier in the afternoon,” Dulen said. “That shade helps to make it cooler.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cold air also gets trapped, especially in the Soda Springs meadow, where the granite walls come together at one end, leaving only a narrow opening for the air to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially that cold air bottlenecks up,” Dulen said. In the early morning, the meadow can be 18 degrees cooler than locations just a few hundred feet above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dulen and her colleagues realized that this effect could prove particularly important in a warming climate. From her time working in Alaska, Dulen knew about “paleoclimate refugia,” the spots that remained relatively free of ice during the last ice age, allowing plants and animals to endure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/soda-springs-shadow-web.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The high valley walls around Soda Springs meadow cast deep shadows, keeping it cooler. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Devils Postpile could be a modern “climate refugia,” she thinks, where plants and animals would be somewhat buffered from the effects of rising temperatures. That’s especially important for mountain meadow habitat, which supports a huge number of Sierra Nevada species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very concerned about the impacts of a warming climate,” said Dulen. “We have a very high concentration of biodiversity here. We actually have 400 species of plants in just 800 acres; a hundred species of birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dulen says knowing where climate refugia are can help land managers conserve them. The park service is looking at protecting Soda Springs meadow by keeping out invasive species and making sure the forests around it don’t become overgrown and fire-prone. She may also have to defend against “conifer encroachment,” where pine trees invade mountain meadows in search of water in a hotter, drier climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948173\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-800x688.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-800x688.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-160x138.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-768x660.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-1020x877.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen-1200x1031.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Deanna-Dulen.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Devils Postpile Superintendent Deanna Dulen. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dulen says knowing where climate refugia are can help land managers conserve them. The park service is looking at protecting Soda Springs meadow by keeping out invasive species and making sure the forests around it don’t become overgrown and fire-prone. She may also have to defend against “conifer encroachment,” where pine trees invade mountain meadows in search of water in a hotter, drier climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no easy answers, but it’s the challenge that we’ve been called to do, and it’s part of working for the National Park Service,” she said. “Parks are living labs for understanding our natural world and how to become better stewards so we can have this for our generation and future generations of all species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dulen is hopeful their efforts will become a model for finding other climate refugia. Initiatives are already underway in Acadia National Park in Maine, where researchers have mapped climate havens for 30 different plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s urgency in identifying these places so we can protect them,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eco.umass.edu/people/adjunct-faculty/morelli-toni-lyn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Toni Lyn Morelli\u003c/a>, who led the work in Acadia and is a research ecologist with the U.S. Geological Survey at the \u003ca href=\"https://necsc.umass.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center\u003c/a> in Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how fast the climate is changing, though, scientists believe refugia can protect plants and animals for only so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know there are clearly limits,” she said. “In one sense, this is just buying time for us as a society to come up with better solutions and stop climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Morelli says, climate refugia could be an important strategy for land managers to lessen climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like it gives people some hope. Or at least something positive to focus on. I think climate change is really hard to think about and to be experiencing. And it’s especially hard for natural resource managers to be responsible for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of KQED Science’s partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 300 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Feinstein Asks Inspector General to Investigate EPA Threat to California",
"headTitle": "Feinstein Asks Inspector General to Investigate EPA Threat to California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update Sept. 27, 11:30 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dianne Feinstein on Friday asked the deputy inspector general of the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate whether EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler’s warning to California that it could lose federal highway funds due to poor air quality constituted “inappropriate political interference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-09/documents/california_naaqs_sip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to California, sent Tuesday to the state’s Air Resources Board, described the state’s air quality as the worst in the country, with 34 million people living in areas that do not meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency called on California to address a backlog in plans aimed at reducing air pollution, and to work with federal regulators to develop workable plans or else risk highway funding, sanctions and other penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has failed to carry out its most basic responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, and as a result, millions of Californians live in areas that do not meet our nation’s air quality standards,” Wheeler said. “EPA stands ready to work with California to meet the Trump Administration’s goal of clean, healthy air for all Americans, and we hope the state will work with us in good faith.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein requested an investigation into Wheeler’s threat to withold federal funds in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/f/c/fcbf953e-c764-4cf5-8f25-bba09d0d7ae4/A925F49F56735E611474F480FAF595CC.09-27-2019-letter-to-epa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> sent to EPA Deputy Inspector General Charles Sheehan. The letter implies that Wheeler was being disingenous when he cited 130 incomplete state implementation plans as justification for “statutory triggers” that would impose penalties on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ask that you investigate whether these reports are, in fact, backlogged as a result of inaction on the part of California jurisdictions,” Feinstein wrote, going on to give two examples, one in Coachella Valley and one in Ventura County, she said were erroneously cited by Wheeler as instances of California’s inaction on air quality. A 1997 state plan to meet ozone standards in Coachella Valley, she said, is still awaiting EPA approval; and the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District still has one year left to comply with federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I also ask that you investigate whether there are other states that have open reports but have not been similarly threatened with sanctions,” Feinstein wrote. She noted that the EPA has listed counties in three dozen other states that do not meet air quality standards. “Yet there are no reports suggesting that any of those other states received a threat like the one sent to California to their transportation funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein’s letter echoes complaints by California officials in response to another communication from Wheeler, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776819/epa-claims-sf-homeless-crisis-affecting-water-quality-breed-newsom-hit-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent\u003c/a> to Gov. Gavin Newsom Thursday. That letter threatened to “take action” against California if the state doesn’t fix water pollution problems the agency alleges may be caused in part by a worsening homeless crisis in cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just at a meeting yesterday of all 50 environmental directors and secretaries from each of the states, and the question was, ‘Why didn’t other states get letters?'” said California Secretary for Environmental Protection Jared Blumenfeld. “There’s certainly similar environmental issues in all 50 states, and I think everyone acknowledged that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>White House ‘Tries to Bully Us’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the issue of air quality, California’s leaders contend that they are working hard to meet current federal smog standards, but the state is hindered by the federal government’s failure to strictly control pollution from heavy-duty freight including trucks, trains, planes and ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1176623618614333441?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top air regulator also pushed back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Corey, the California Air Resources Board’s executive officer, responded to Wheeler’s letter by saying EPA officials weren’t doing their jobs. He pointed out that California went to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946766/federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court\u003c/a> to push the agency to enact smog standards. Also, he said that EPA Administrator Wheeler’s letter contains “multiple inaccuracies, omissions and misstatements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, Corey continued, “EPA has unclean hands: It sat on these documents for years and is now pounding the table about paperwork issues of its own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This letter appeared only days after EPA attacked our state authority on cars, increasing air pollution while at the same time limiting our ability to reduce it,” he said. “If the Trump Administration is serious about air pollution it will reconsider revoking our waiver, and while they’re at it, why not also fund the EPA to review submitted documents in less than a decade?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, California sued to stop the Trump Administration from revoking its authority to set greenhouse gas emission and fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, and enlisted help from other states in a battle that will shape a key component of the nation’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and the Trump Administration are fighting over dozens of environmental issues. While the EPA’s move on emissions is one of the latest points of dispute, it’s not even the only one to arise Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947918/environmental-groups-challenges-trump-over-redwood-city-salt-ponds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued\u003c/a> the federal EPA over its ruling that vast salt ponds in the South Bay are not “waters of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">Federal law sets standards for how much pollution can come from cars and trucks. But since the 1970s, that law has permitted California to set tougher rules because it has the most cars and struggles to meet air quality standards. On Thursday, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration withdrew California’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">California has also sued the Trump Administration over is rollback of environmental and clean air regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel of KQED and Michael Casey of the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update Sept. 27, 11:30 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dianne Feinstein on Friday asked the deputy inspector general of the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate whether EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler’s warning to California that it could lose federal highway funds due to poor air quality constituted “inappropriate political interference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-09/documents/california_naaqs_sip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to California, sent Tuesday to the state’s Air Resources Board, described the state’s air quality as the worst in the country, with 34 million people living in areas that do not meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency called on California to address a backlog in plans aimed at reducing air pollution, and to work with federal regulators to develop workable plans or else risk highway funding, sanctions and other penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has failed to carry out its most basic responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, and as a result, millions of Californians live in areas that do not meet our nation’s air quality standards,” Wheeler said. “EPA stands ready to work with California to meet the Trump Administration’s goal of clean, healthy air for all Americans, and we hope the state will work with us in good faith.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein requested an investigation into Wheeler’s threat to withold federal funds in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/f/c/fcbf953e-c764-4cf5-8f25-bba09d0d7ae4/A925F49F56735E611474F480FAF595CC.09-27-2019-letter-to-epa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> sent to EPA Deputy Inspector General Charles Sheehan. The letter implies that Wheeler was being disingenous when he cited 130 incomplete state implementation plans as justification for “statutory triggers” that would impose penalties on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ask that you investigate whether these reports are, in fact, backlogged as a result of inaction on the part of California jurisdictions,” Feinstein wrote, going on to give two examples, one in Coachella Valley and one in Ventura County, she said were erroneously cited by Wheeler as instances of California’s inaction on air quality. A 1997 state plan to meet ozone standards in Coachella Valley, she said, is still awaiting EPA approval; and the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District still has one year left to comply with federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I also ask that you investigate whether there are other states that have open reports but have not been similarly threatened with sanctions,” Feinstein wrote. She noted that the EPA has listed counties in three dozen other states that do not meet air quality standards. “Yet there are no reports suggesting that any of those other states received a threat like the one sent to California to their transportation funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein’s letter echoes complaints by California officials in response to another communication from Wheeler, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776819/epa-claims-sf-homeless-crisis-affecting-water-quality-breed-newsom-hit-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent\u003c/a> to Gov. Gavin Newsom Thursday. That letter threatened to “take action” against California if the state doesn’t fix water pollution problems the agency alleges may be caused in part by a worsening homeless crisis in cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just at a meeting yesterday of all 50 environmental directors and secretaries from each of the states, and the question was, ‘Why didn’t other states get letters?'” said California Secretary for Environmental Protection Jared Blumenfeld. “There’s certainly similar environmental issues in all 50 states, and I think everyone acknowledged that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>White House ‘Tries to Bully Us’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the issue of air quality, California’s leaders contend that they are working hard to meet current federal smog standards, but the state is hindered by the federal government’s failure to strictly control pollution from heavy-duty freight including trucks, trains, planes and ships.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The state’s top air regulator also pushed back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Corey, the California Air Resources Board’s executive officer, responded to Wheeler’s letter by saying EPA officials weren’t doing their jobs. He pointed out that California went to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946766/federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court\u003c/a> to push the agency to enact smog standards. Also, he said that EPA Administrator Wheeler’s letter contains “multiple inaccuracies, omissions and misstatements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, Corey continued, “EPA has unclean hands: It sat on these documents for years and is now pounding the table about paperwork issues of its own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This letter appeared only days after EPA attacked our state authority on cars, increasing air pollution while at the same time limiting our ability to reduce it,” he said. “If the Trump Administration is serious about air pollution it will reconsider revoking our waiver, and while they’re at it, why not also fund the EPA to review submitted documents in less than a decade?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, California sued to stop the Trump Administration from revoking its authority to set greenhouse gas emission and fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, and enlisted help from other states in a battle that will shape a key component of the nation’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and the Trump Administration are fighting over dozens of environmental issues. While the EPA’s move on emissions is one of the latest points of dispute, it’s not even the only one to arise Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947918/environmental-groups-challenges-trump-over-redwood-city-salt-ponds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued\u003c/a> the federal EPA over its ruling that vast salt ponds in the South Bay are not “waters of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">Federal law sets standards for how much pollution can come from cars and trucks. But since the 1970s, that law has permitted California to set tougher rules because it has the most cars and struggles to meet air quality standards. On Thursday, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration withdrew California’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">California has also sued the Trump Administration over is rollback of environmental and clean air regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel of KQED and Michael Casey of the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How a Landmark Plastics Recycling Bill Fell Apart at the Last Moment",
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"content": "\u003ch4>Last-minute language inserted into a measure that would have made manufacturers responsible for the recyclability of their plastic products doomed the bill for the year. Advocates are pointing fingers for the collapse, and some are vowing to put the plan on the ballot in 2020.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major effort by environmental advocates and California legislators aimed at dramatically reducing single-use plastic pollution ended anticlimactically this month when the legislative session closed without lawmakers voting on the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companion bills \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1080\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 54\u003c/a>, intended to reduce the amount of waste in landfills and oceans, placed the onus on manufacturers to ensure the recyclability of plastic products like utensils, takeout boxes and beverage lids, which consumers typically use once before tossing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Environmental advocate Geoff Shester\"]‘The opponents of the legislation will regret rejecting the deal that was offered this year.’[/pullquote]The bills can be taken up again next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers didn’t speak from the floor to explain the decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947132/california-bill-puts-recycling-onus-on-plastic-manufacturers-theyre-not-happy-about-it\">punt\u003c/a> on the measure, but environmental advocates blamed a number of late changes that muddied the waters. Among the most significant environmental proposals of the session, the bills had the support of a coalition of environmental groups, cities and celebrities like surfing legend \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kellyslater/status/1172534835912593411?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kelly Slater\u003c/a> and actor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TheJeffBridges/status/1172305199001550849?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeff Bridges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers promised to push the proposal at the beginning of next year’s session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We operate on a two-year session and plan to continue working to get AB 1080/SB 54 to the governor’s desk once the Legislature reconvenes in January,” said Samantha Gallegos, a spokeswoman for Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez, one of the measure’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But supporters are raising the prospect of a more aggressive strategy that would put a single-use plastic ban initiative on the ballot in November 2020, a presidential election year. The recycling company Recology \u003ca href=\"https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2019/09/04/recycling-sector-grapples-with-plastic-realities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has vowed\u003c/a> to put $1 million behind such an effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that’s the only way to get something done, then that’s what we’ll do,” said Eric Potashner, the company’s director of strategic affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Shester, campaign director for the environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://oceana.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oceana\u003c/a>, said the bill’s authors “bent over backward” to address concerns from business groups, but he expects that the next iteration will be far more stringent. “The opponents of the legislation will regret rejecting the deal that was offered this year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not think the lack of a vote meant the Legislature had decided to abandon addressing what he calls a plastic pollution crisis. “Lawmakers want to get it right,” Shester said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan saw heavy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947132/california-bill-puts-recycling-onus-on-plastic-manufacturers-theyre-not-happy-about-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lobbying\u003c/a> on both sides of the issue. The bill asked manufacturers to meet several requirements by the year 2030: Single-use plastic products would have had to be recyclable or compostable, and companies would have had to ensure a 75% reduction in plastic packaging waste. Also, single-use products made from unrecyclable material would have been banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Eric Potashner, of recycling company Recology, on a possible ballot measure\"]‘If that’s the only way to get something done, then that’s what we’ll do.’[/pullquote]A leading trade group, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grocery Manufacturers Association\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\">,\u003c/a> asserted the bill didn’t do enough to fix the state’s strained recycling infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We remain committed to the aspects of the bill regarding recycling and compostability,” said John Hewitt, director of state affairs for the association. “And we are committed to working with the Legislature on the funding and infrastructure components of the bill. We want to see something that works for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry association \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/file-manager/WEBSITE%20ROSTER%20-%20Board%20of%20Directors%20-%2007-01-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">represents\u003c/a> some of the largest food brands in the country, including General Mills and Land O’Lakes. In late August, the lobby \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signaled\u003c/a> it was open to a compromise, but the group was unhappy with September changes that it said dramatically expanded the bill’s scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody supported the broad concepts of recyclability and compostability,” Hewitt said. But he said the groups split on the issue of how to invest in the state’s recycling infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘An Amateur Move’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome of all the legislative wrangling was unclear until the last moments of the session, says Mark Murray, executive director of the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.cawrecycles.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a>, which lobbied for the bills’ passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray said the fate of the proposal was sealed with a series of amendments introduced at the request of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office. The changes triggered an exodus of support from recyclers and waste haulers, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wm.com/us/en/myhome\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wm.com/us/en/myhome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste Management\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.wasteconnections.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste Connections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments from the administration were late, Murray said, and stakeholders did not have enough time to review them before the session ran out. “In the end, we were fighting amongst ourselves because of well-intended but poorly crafted language from the administration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, it was an amateur move. They needed to get their shit together earlier. And get amendments to the Legislature before the last week of the legislative session. We should have had that language in the beginning of August.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray called the lack of a vote a setback. “Sadly the issue of plastic pollution is a problem that is only getting worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shester agrees the timing of the bill’s amendments meant a vote couldn’t take place until the final day of the session. But he doesn’t pin the blame on Newsom. He says some of the changes were introduced to address concerns from business and other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what ultimately doomed the plan, for this year anyway, Shester says, was the plastic industry jumping on the late amendments to cast doubt and argue that the bill wasn’t ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were a number of changes made close to the end. It confused some legislators and allowed the industry to seize on it and create a perception that it wasn’t fully cooked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Vicky Waters, a spokesperson for Newsom, responded to criticism over the late changes by saying that Newsom “would like to see a meaningful paradigm shift for single-use packaging manufacturing, reuse, recycling and composting that would fundamentally change the way we do recycling in California. He looks forward to seeing legislation on his desk soon after the Legislature returns in January that accomplishes that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Chemistry Council originally opposed the plan, but the group, which represents companies that make plastic, switched its position to neutral during the end of session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Christman, managing director of plastic markets at the American Chemistry Council’s Plastics Division, said the organization supports the broad goals of the plan and is “looking forward to working with the bill sponsors in January to resolve the remaining issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We all have to admit a challenge is the funding for the legislation,” he said. “One of the things that is going to be needed to make the legislation work is investment in recycling and composting infrastructure. “\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council has set a goal of reducing, reusing or recycling 100% of plastic packaging by 2040, Christman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Fong, president and CEO of the California Grocers Association, which announced its support after originally opposing the measure, said the discussions around reducing plastic waste have been positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is discussing what a January bill should look like,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental groups are huddling to discuss their next moves. Murray said that if the Legislature cannot put regulations in place, supporters will push a single-use plastic ban in a 2020 ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch4>Last-minute language inserted into a measure that would have made manufacturers responsible for the recyclability of their plastic products doomed the bill for the year. Advocates are pointing fingers for the collapse, and some are vowing to put the plan on the ballot in 2020.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major effort by environmental advocates and California legislators aimed at dramatically reducing single-use plastic pollution ended anticlimactically this month when the legislative session closed without lawmakers voting on the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companion bills \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1080\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 54\u003c/a>, intended to reduce the amount of waste in landfills and oceans, placed the onus on manufacturers to ensure the recyclability of plastic products like utensils, takeout boxes and beverage lids, which consumers typically use once before tossing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The bills can be taken up again next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers didn’t speak from the floor to explain the decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947132/california-bill-puts-recycling-onus-on-plastic-manufacturers-theyre-not-happy-about-it\">punt\u003c/a> on the measure, but environmental advocates blamed a number of late changes that muddied the waters. Among the most significant environmental proposals of the session, the bills had the support of a coalition of environmental groups, cities and celebrities like surfing legend \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kellyslater/status/1172534835912593411?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kelly Slater\u003c/a> and actor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TheJeffBridges/status/1172305199001550849?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jeff Bridges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers promised to push the proposal at the beginning of next year’s session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We operate on a two-year session and plan to continue working to get AB 1080/SB 54 to the governor’s desk once the Legislature reconvenes in January,” said Samantha Gallegos, a spokeswoman for Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez, one of the measure’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But supporters are raising the prospect of a more aggressive strategy that would put a single-use plastic ban initiative on the ballot in November 2020, a presidential election year. The recycling company Recology \u003ca href=\"https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2019/09/04/recycling-sector-grapples-with-plastic-realities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has vowed\u003c/a> to put $1 million behind such an effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that’s the only way to get something done, then that’s what we’ll do,” said Eric Potashner, the company’s director of strategic affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Shester, campaign director for the environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://oceana.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oceana\u003c/a>, said the bill’s authors “bent over backward” to address concerns from business groups, but he expects that the next iteration will be far more stringent. “The opponents of the legislation will regret rejecting the deal that was offered this year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not think the lack of a vote meant the Legislature had decided to abandon addressing what he calls a plastic pollution crisis. “Lawmakers want to get it right,” Shester said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan saw heavy \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947132/california-bill-puts-recycling-onus-on-plastic-manufacturers-theyre-not-happy-about-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lobbying\u003c/a> on both sides of the issue. The bill asked manufacturers to meet several requirements by the year 2030: Single-use plastic products would have had to be recyclable or compostable, and companies would have had to ensure a 75% reduction in plastic packaging waste. Also, single-use products made from unrecyclable material would have been banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A leading trade group, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grocery Manufacturers Association\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\">,\u003c/a> asserted the bill didn’t do enough to fix the state’s strained recycling infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We remain committed to the aspects of the bill regarding recycling and compostability,” said John Hewitt, director of state affairs for the association. “And we are committed to working with the Legislature on the funding and infrastructure components of the bill. We want to see something that works for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry association \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/file-manager/WEBSITE%20ROSTER%20-%20Board%20of%20Directors%20-%2007-01-19.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">represents\u003c/a> some of the largest food brands in the country, including General Mills and Land O’Lakes. In late August, the lobby \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signaled\u003c/a> it was open to a compromise, but the group was unhappy with September changes that it said dramatically expanded the bill’s scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody supported the broad concepts of recyclability and compostability,” Hewitt said. But he said the groups split on the issue of how to invest in the state’s recycling infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘An Amateur Move’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outcome of all the legislative wrangling was unclear until the last moments of the session, says Mark Murray, executive director of the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.cawrecycles.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians Against Waste\u003c/a>, which lobbied for the bills’ passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray said the fate of the proposal was sealed with a series of amendments introduced at the request of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office. The changes triggered an exodus of support from recyclers and waste haulers, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wm.com/us/en/myhome\"> \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wm.com/us/en/myhome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste Management\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.wasteconnections.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Waste Connections\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments from the administration were late, Murray said, and stakeholders did not have enough time to review them before the session ran out. “In the end, we were fighting amongst ourselves because of well-intended but poorly crafted language from the administration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, it was an amateur move. They needed to get their shit together earlier. And get amendments to the Legislature before the last week of the legislative session. We should have had that language in the beginning of August.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray called the lack of a vote a setback. “Sadly the issue of plastic pollution is a problem that is only getting worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shester agrees the timing of the bill’s amendments meant a vote couldn’t take place until the final day of the session. But he doesn’t pin the blame on Newsom. He says some of the changes were introduced to address concerns from business and other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what ultimately doomed the plan, for this year anyway, Shester says, was the plastic industry jumping on the late amendments to cast doubt and argue that the bill wasn’t ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were a number of changes made close to the end. It confused some legislators and allowed the industry to seize on it and create a perception that it wasn’t fully cooked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Vicky Waters, a spokesperson for Newsom, responded to criticism over the late changes by saying that Newsom “would like to see a meaningful paradigm shift for single-use packaging manufacturing, reuse, recycling and composting that would fundamentally change the way we do recycling in California. He looks forward to seeing legislation on his desk soon after the Legislature returns in January that accomplishes that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Chemistry Council originally opposed the plan, but the group, which represents companies that make plastic, switched its position to neutral during the end of session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Christman, managing director of plastic markets at the American Chemistry Council’s Plastics Division, said the organization supports the broad goals of the plan and is “looking forward to working with the bill sponsors in January to resolve the remaining issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We all have to admit a challenge is the funding for the legislation,” he said. “One of the things that is going to be needed to make the legislation work is investment in recycling and composting infrastructure. “\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council has set a goal of reducing, reusing or recycling 100% of plastic packaging by 2040, Christman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Fong, president and CEO of the California Grocers Association, which announced its support after originally opposing the measure, said the discussions around reducing plastic waste have been positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is discussing what a January bill should look like,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental groups are huddling to discuss their next moves. Murray said that if the Legislature cannot put regulations in place, supporters will push a single-use plastic ban in a 2020 ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "These Big Plans to Protect California Homes From Wildfire Fell Short in the Legislature",
"headTitle": "These Big Plans to Protect California Homes From Wildfire Fell Short in the Legislature | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>After 86 people in the town of Paradise lost their lives in a massive wildfire last year, California lawmakers vowed to prepare the state for future infernos. But while millions of dollars are going toward new firefighting crews and technology, some say the state is overlooking an area in dire need of help: making homes and buildings safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='State Sen. Bob Wieckowski']‘I’m concerned that a lot of localities are going to be making a lot of bad decisions because we haven’t rung the bell that you can’t do this any longer.’[/pullquote]Several bills in the state Legislature were drafted to help millions of homeowners in high fire-risk areas retrofit their homes with fire-resistant materials. This was considered critical because most of these homes were built before California enacted its modern wildfire building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other bills required stepped-up inspections of fire-prone vegetation around structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But due to a lack of funding in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s state budget, the bills were scaled back. They now await Newsom’s signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill, SB 182, would have directed cities and counties to limit how much housing is built in very high fire-hazard zones absent adequate firefighting capacity, evacuation routes and defensible space enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to concerns it could reduce the state’s housing stock, the bill failed to pass by the time legislators adjourned in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many fire experts have warned that California must make existing communities safer, if it’s going to tackle wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that spending money upfront to prevent wildfires is a better use of funds than having to spend a lot more money later on to deal with a tragedy,” said Assemblymember Laura Friedman, who authored one of the bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1516\u003c/a>, now on Newsom’s desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Improving Defensible Space, But No Cal-Fire Inspection Requirement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many houses destroyed in wildfires aren’t consumed by advancing flames; they’re ignited by embers that are blown ahead of the fire and land on brush, trees or grasses next to a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law requires homeowners in fire zones to minimize and clear vegetation to create “defensible space” within 100 feet of their home. In fire zones outside city limits, Cal Fire inspects homes and can issue citations for homeowners who don’t comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cal Fire has a goal of inspecting 33 percent of structures in its jurisdiction each year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED investigation \u003c/a>found the agency only did half that in 2018. In some parts of the state, only 6 percent of homes in risky areas were inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s become really clear that our defensible space has been insufficient to protect homes from embers,” said Yana Valachovic, a fire expert with UC Cooperative Extension. “What’s immediately adjacent to a structure affects the probability of a structure’s survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first draft of AB 1516 would have required Cal Fire to reach its 33 percent inspection goal. That would have meant hiring dozens of additional inspectors, potentially costing millions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without support from Gov. Newsom to fund the bill, its supporters struck a compromise. Local groups, like fire safe councils, the California Conservation Corps and those affiliated with Native American tribes, would be empowered to make defensible space assessments of communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those groups could look at vegetation around homes but would not have the same authorization as Cal Fire to write citations requiring homeowners to reduce it. The groups would instead send that information to Cal Fire to inform its inspection program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that this will get Cal Fire to its 33 percent inspection goal,” said Assemblymember Friedman. “I would like to see 100 percent, which will mean more funding, but I do think that using these trained third parties is a really good, cost-effective way to get statewide inspections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Newsom signs the bill, it will also create new defensible space requirements within 5 feet of homes and buildings in high-risk fire zones. Cal Fire would develop the guidelines for these “ember-resistant” areas, potentially limiting the kinds of vegetation and mulch that can touch a building, something fire experts strongly recommend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science has been clear for quite a while, but it’s been slow to incorporate into codes, standards and practices,” said Valachovic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Home Retrofitting Fund Created … With No Money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind-driven fire embers can also ignite a home by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landing on its wood roof or even entering an attic vent\u003c/a>. Some communities, like Big Bear, have provided residents with grants to replace wood roofs with those that are fire-resistant. Fire experts say even more affordable retrofits, like covering attic vents with mesh, can also make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help homeowners across the state, Assemblymember Jim Wood introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 38\u003c/a>, a bill that would create a $1 billion fund for no- or low-interest loans for home retrofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it became clear the funding wasn’t prioritized in the state budget, the bill was amended. The retrofitting program would be created, but the actual funding would have to be found at a later date, potentially relying on federal hazard funds from FEMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we made some very good steps in the right direction to help protect homes and communities,” said Wood. “But we still have a massive hill to climb and we need to climb it much faster to make sure communities are as safe as they can be as soon as they can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Housing vs. Wildfire Protection: Restrictions on New Construction Stalls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also took up one of the biggest debates around wildfire: balancing the state’s desperate need for new housing with the need to keep housing out of fire zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imposing development restrictions has been a third-rail of fire policy. When asked about it in April, Newsom responded that he wouldn’t advocate for a ban on building in high-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a deep analysis,” Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/b17b5c9200a64466b49f3f605f9202fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Associated Press\u003c/a>. “And I think one has to be cautious about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This session, State Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 182\u003c/a>, a bill that sought to dissuade local governments from building in very high fire hazard zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill required areas in which multiunit developments are approved to have a funded defensible space enforcement program, adequate emergency response capacity, and low-risk areas where residents can shelter from fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have to build, but on the other hand, we don’t want to see another Paradise,” said Jackson. “This bill is designed to work with those competing interests and is designed to meet the needs of both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill got tangled up in another controversial California issue: local requirements to build housing, set to help address the state’s housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Jackson’s bill specified that the wildfire building restrictions couldn’t be used to excuse an overall region from its housing requirement, some lawmakers thought it didn’t go far enough to protect housing mandates in individual cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way the bill is structured right now, it would let cities like Berkeley and some other cities off the hook and reduce their housing obligations when they have plenty of non-wildfire areas to build,” said State Sen. Scott Wiener, chair of the Senate Housing Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wiener agrees with the bill’s provision that regions should consider their fire risk when determining how much housing should be built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cities where most of the land or all of the land is in a high wildfire risk area?” he said. “We should not be building there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill failed to pass at the end of the legislative session in September, as lawmakers struggled to hammer out a compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we enter another fire season, I’m concerned that a lot of localities are going to be making a lot of bad decisions because we haven’t rung the bell that you can’t do this any longer,” State Sen. Bob Wieckowski said, when it became clear the bill wouldn’t proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener says he’s confident the bill can be passed in early 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delay is going to be a very short delay,” he said. “Taking a little bit of extra time to make sure we get it right is not going to harm anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where State Funding Is Going: Emergency Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as he took office, Newsom announced that tackling California’s wildfire readiness would be a priority for his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone is wondering if climate change is real, come to California,” he said in April. “We are in a very precarious state, literally and figuratively. It requires us to adapt. It requires us to be nimble. It requires us to meet the moment and meet the challenge. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is spending more than $900 million this year preparing for fires. More than $240 million is being directed at new firefighting crews, purchasing new aircraft and acquiring new technology. Large-scale forest management and vegetation-reduction projects received $225 million. Other funds are directed at improving emergency warning systems and 911 services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improving existing homes and buildings gets little mention in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2019-20/pdf/Enacted/BudgetSummary/EmergencyPreparednessResponseandRecovery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget document\u003c/a>, only receiving a one-time $5 million infusion for defensible space programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fire experts say improving emergency response is critical, shoring up existing communities will be as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no single solution that’s going to solve the fire problem,” said Valachovic. “It takes an all-hands-on-deck approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After 86 people in the town of Paradise lost their lives in a massive wildfire last year, California lawmakers vowed to prepare the state for future infernos. But while millions of dollars are going toward new firefighting crews and technology, some say the state is overlooking an area in dire need of help: making homes and buildings safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Several bills in the state Legislature were drafted to help millions of homeowners in high fire-risk areas retrofit their homes with fire-resistant materials. This was considered critical because most of these homes were built before California enacted its modern wildfire building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other bills required stepped-up inspections of fire-prone vegetation around structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But due to a lack of funding in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s state budget, the bills were scaled back. They now await Newsom’s signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill, SB 182, would have directed cities and counties to limit how much housing is built in very high fire-hazard zones absent adequate firefighting capacity, evacuation routes and defensible space enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to concerns it could reduce the state’s housing stock, the bill failed to pass by the time legislators adjourned in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many fire experts have warned that California must make existing communities safer, if it’s going to tackle wildfire risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally believe that spending money upfront to prevent wildfires is a better use of funds than having to spend a lot more money later on to deal with a tragedy,” said Assemblymember Laura Friedman, who authored one of the bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1516\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 1516\u003c/a>, now on Newsom’s desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Improving Defensible Space, But No Cal-Fire Inspection Requirement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many houses destroyed in wildfires aren’t consumed by advancing flames; they’re ignited by embers that are blown ahead of the fire and land on brush, trees or grasses next to a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law requires homeowners in fire zones to minimize and clear vegetation to create “defensible space” within 100 feet of their home. In fire zones outside city limits, Cal Fire inspects homes and can issue citations for homeowners who don’t comply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cal Fire has a goal of inspecting 33 percent of structures in its jurisdiction each year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943058/whos-checking-homes-for-flammable-brush-in-some-high-risk-areas-maybe-no-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED investigation \u003c/a>found the agency only did half that in 2018. In some parts of the state, only 6 percent of homes in risky areas were inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s become really clear that our defensible space has been insufficient to protect homes from embers,” said Yana Valachovic, a fire expert with UC Cooperative Extension. “What’s immediately adjacent to a structure affects the probability of a structure’s survival.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first draft of AB 1516 would have required Cal Fire to reach its 33 percent inspection goal. That would have meant hiring dozens of additional inspectors, potentially costing millions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But without support from Gov. Newsom to fund the bill, its supporters struck a compromise. Local groups, like fire safe councils, the California Conservation Corps and those affiliated with Native American tribes, would be empowered to make defensible space assessments of communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those groups could look at vegetation around homes but would not have the same authorization as Cal Fire to write citations requiring homeowners to reduce it. The groups would instead send that information to Cal Fire to inform its inspection program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that this will get Cal Fire to its 33 percent inspection goal,” said Assemblymember Friedman. “I would like to see 100 percent, which will mean more funding, but I do think that using these trained third parties is a really good, cost-effective way to get statewide inspections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Newsom signs the bill, it will also create new defensible space requirements within 5 feet of homes and buildings in high-risk fire zones. Cal Fire would develop the guidelines for these “ember-resistant” areas, potentially limiting the kinds of vegetation and mulch that can touch a building, something fire experts strongly recommend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The science has been clear for quite a while, but it’s been slow to incorporate into codes, standards and practices,” said Valachovic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Awaiting Newsom’s Signature: Home Retrofitting Fund Created … With No Money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind-driven fire embers can also ignite a home by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917346/wildfires-can-attack-your-house-from-the-inside-heres-how-to-prevent-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">landing on its wood roof or even entering an attic vent\u003c/a>. Some communities, like Big Bear, have provided residents with grants to replace wood roofs with those that are fire-resistant. Fire experts say even more affordable retrofits, like covering attic vents with mesh, can also make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help homeowners across the state, Assemblymember Jim Wood introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB38\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 38\u003c/a>, a bill that would create a $1 billion fund for no- or low-interest loans for home retrofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when it became clear the funding wasn’t prioritized in the state budget, the bill was amended. The retrofitting program would be created, but the actual funding would have to be found at a later date, potentially relying on federal hazard funds from FEMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we made some very good steps in the right direction to help protect homes and communities,” said Wood. “But we still have a massive hill to climb and we need to climb it much faster to make sure communities are as safe as they can be as soon as they can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Housing vs. Wildfire Protection: Restrictions on New Construction Stalls\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also took up one of the biggest debates around wildfire: balancing the state’s desperate need for new housing with the need to keep housing out of fire zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imposing development restrictions has been a third-rail of fire policy. When asked about it in April, Newsom responded that he wouldn’t advocate for a ban on building in high-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a deep analysis,” Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/b17b5c9200a64466b49f3f605f9202fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Associated Press\u003c/a>. “And I think one has to be cautious about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This session, State Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB182\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 182\u003c/a>, a bill that sought to dissuade local governments from building in very high fire hazard zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill required areas in which multiunit developments are approved to have a funded defensible space enforcement program, adequate emergency response capacity, and low-risk areas where residents can shelter from fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have to build, but on the other hand, we don’t want to see another Paradise,” said Jackson. “This bill is designed to work with those competing interests and is designed to meet the needs of both.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill got tangled up in another controversial California issue: local requirements to build housing, set to help address the state’s housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Jackson’s bill specified that the wildfire building restrictions couldn’t be used to excuse an overall region from its housing requirement, some lawmakers thought it didn’t go far enough to protect housing mandates in individual cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way the bill is structured right now, it would let cities like Berkeley and some other cities off the hook and reduce their housing obligations when they have plenty of non-wildfire areas to build,” said State Sen. Scott Wiener, chair of the Senate Housing Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wiener agrees with the bill’s provision that regions should consider their fire risk when determining how much housing should be built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cities where most of the land or all of the land is in a high wildfire risk area?” he said. “We should not be building there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill failed to pass at the end of the legislative session in September, as lawmakers struggled to hammer out a compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we enter another fire season, I’m concerned that a lot of localities are going to be making a lot of bad decisions because we haven’t rung the bell that you can’t do this any longer,” State Sen. Bob Wieckowski said, when it became clear the bill wouldn’t proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener says he’s confident the bill can be passed in early 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The delay is going to be a very short delay,” he said. “Taking a little bit of extra time to make sure we get it right is not going to harm anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where State Funding Is Going: Emergency Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As soon as he took office, Newsom announced that tackling California’s wildfire readiness would be a priority for his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anyone is wondering if climate change is real, come to California,” he said in April. “We are in a very precarious state, literally and figuratively. It requires us to adapt. It requires us to be nimble. It requires us to meet the moment and meet the challenge. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is spending more than $900 million this year preparing for fires. More than $240 million is being directed at new firefighting crews, purchasing new aircraft and acquiring new technology. Large-scale forest management and vegetation-reduction projects received $225 million. Other funds are directed at improving emergency warning systems and 911 services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Improving existing homes and buildings gets little mention in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2019-20/pdf/Enacted/BudgetSummary/EmergencyPreparednessResponseandRecovery.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">budget document\u003c/a>, only receiving a one-time $5 million infusion for defensible space programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While fire experts say improving emergency response is critical, shoring up existing communities will be as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no single solution that’s going to solve the fire problem,” said Valachovic. “It takes an all-hands-on-deck approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wielding banners and paintbrushes, activists from around the Bay Area shut down four blocks in San Francisco’s Financial District Wednesday in a protest over failure to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s rally, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://climatejusticesf.org/\">Strike for Climate Justice\u003c/a>, was organized by a coalition of local environmental groups in an effort to petition big banks to pull their investments out of the fossil fuel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to Wall Street West is that we really need climate action right now, no more delays,” said Nancy Roberts, who helped plan the demonstrations for Extinction Rebellion SF Bay. The area Roberts referred to is a stretch of Montgomery Street north of Market Street occupied by financial institutions like Wells Fargo and Bank of America, as well as consulates from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts called Wednesday’s action a nonviolent way to spread the vision of a sustainable future, using art, music and street theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948042\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Idle No More SF Bay leading the march up Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators started at just after 7 a.m. Wednesday, marching up Montgomery Street and blocking traffic between Pine and Sacramento streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march opened with a blessing by members of Idle No More SF Bay, a group focused on the environmental rights of indigenous people. Founding member Pennie Opal Plant says native people around the world are often left out of important discussions about the climate despite having insight about “how to move forward so that the sacred system of life continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for the climate profiteers to stop trying to make money off climate destruction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Wednesday’s action was more than a dozen circular murals painted directly onto Montgomery Street in front of financial institutions. These included a walkable labyrinth, created by the Bay Area Spiritual Communities group to help the public cope with their frustration and anxiety over climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948063 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4894-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Duff from Bay Area Spiritual Communities group painting a labyrinth on Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Brasil Solidarity Network painted outside of the Consulate General of Brazil, calling for an end to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, which absorbs carbon emission from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While artists painted, a clown troupe calling themselves the Climate Clown Brigade enlightened onlookers about wildfires while dressed as trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4815-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Climate Clown Brigade (L-R: Thumper, Hannah, Nick, Putt) performing for the forests. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A stretch of California Street between Kearny and Sansome was also blocked by demonstrators holding signs that read, “Leave the oil in the soil!” and “100 percent renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Wednesday’s action was directed toward Wells Fargo, where protesters blocked an entrance to the branch at 420 Montgomery Street that hosts the bank’s museum exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors block the entrance of the Wells Fargo at 420 Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, representatives from Wells Fargo said, “We recognize the growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, and we’re working to find solutions. Wells Fargo is committed to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Mills, a spokesperson for the California Bankers Association, said in an email that financial institutions “absolutely understand the importance of, and support initiatives, that protect and preserve our environment. Many of them lead by example in taking efforts to reduce their own carbon footprint, as well as supporting and financing projects that support that goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, addressing the demand for divestment from fossil fuel companies, “Our industry is generally concerned about government and elected officials trying to dictate who a commercial bank can and cannot do business with, particularly with a lawful business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate demonstrations in downtown San Francisco are expected to continue until 5 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wielding banners and paintbrushes, activists from around the Bay Area shut down four blocks in San Francisco’s Financial District Wednesday in a protest over failure to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s rally, dubbed the \u003ca href=\"https://climatejusticesf.org/\">Strike for Climate Justice\u003c/a>, was organized by a coalition of local environmental groups in an effort to petition big banks to pull their investments out of the fossil fuel industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our message to Wall Street West is that we really need climate action right now, no more delays,” said Nancy Roberts, who helped plan the demonstrations for Extinction Rebellion SF Bay. The area Roberts referred to is a stretch of Montgomery Street north of Market Street occupied by financial institutions like Wells Fargo and Bank of America, as well as consulates from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts called Wednesday’s action a nonviolent way to spread the vision of a sustainable future, using art, music and street theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948042\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4821.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Idle No More SF Bay leading the march up Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Demonstrators started at just after 7 a.m. Wednesday, marching up Montgomery Street and blocking traffic between Pine and Sacramento streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The march opened with a blessing by members of Idle No More SF Bay, a group focused on the environmental rights of indigenous people. Founding member Pennie Opal Plant says native people around the world are often left out of important discussions about the climate despite having insight about “how to move forward so that the sacred system of life continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time for the climate profiteers to stop trying to make money off climate destruction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Wednesday’s action was more than a dozen circular murals painted directly onto Montgomery Street in front of financial institutions. These included a walkable labyrinth, created by the Bay Area Spiritual Communities group to help the public cope with their frustration and anxiety over climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948063\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948063 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4894-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meg Duff from Bay Area Spiritual Communities group painting a labyrinth on Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Brasil Solidarity Network painted outside of the Consulate General of Brazil, calling for an end to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, which absorbs carbon emission from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While artists painted, a clown troupe calling themselves the Climate Clown Brigade enlightened onlookers about wildfires while dressed as trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948064\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948064\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4815-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the Climate Clown Brigade (L-R: Thumper, Hannah, Nick, Putt) performing for the forests. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A stretch of California Street between Kearny and Sansome was also blocked by demonstrators holding signs that read, “Leave the oil in the soil!” and “100 percent renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Wednesday’s action was directed toward Wells Fargo, where protesters blocked an entrance to the branch at 420 Montgomery Street that hosts the bank’s museum exhibits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948066\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1948066\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/DSCF4882.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protestors block the entrance of the Wells Fargo at 420 Montgomery Street. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement, representatives from Wells Fargo said, “We recognize the growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, and we’re working to find solutions. Wells Fargo is committed to accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beth Mills, a spokesperson for the California Bankers Association, said in an email that financial institutions “absolutely understand the importance of, and support initiatives, that protect and preserve our environment. Many of them lead by example in taking efforts to reduce their own carbon footprint, as well as supporting and financing projects that support that goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she said, addressing the demand for divestment from fossil fuel companies, “Our industry is generally concerned about government and elected officials trying to dictate who a commercial bank can and cannot do business with, particularly with a lawful business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate demonstrations in downtown San Francisco are expected to continue until 5 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trade In Your Gas Stove to Save the Planet? Berkeley Bans Natural Gas",
"headTitle": "Trade In Your Gas Stove to Save the Planet? Berkeley Bans Natural Gas | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>To reach its ambitious climate change goals, California will have to entice homeowners to electrify everything. The state is trying to become carbon neutral by 2045 and around a quarter of the state’s emissions come from energy used by buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’ll be a big step, because today, an all-electric home isn’t common in California, as Oakland resident Bruce Nilles found out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" citation=\"Bruce Nilles, Oakland\"]‘I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas.’[/pullquote]Nilles spent his career working on reducing the country’s use of fossil fuels, first at the Sierra Club and then at the Rocky Mountain Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was thinking a lot about coal and how do we transition the United States off of coal,” he said, “and had missed the fact that right in my own home was this big source of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles’ two-story craftsman home had four appliances that ran on natural gas: hot water heater, furnace, dryer and gas stove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It never occurred to me that they were a big piece of my carbon footprint,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electricity has a lower carbon footprint in California than natural gas, because the state is investing heavily in renewable energy. In 2018, half of the state’s electricity came from sources free of carbon emissions, such as solar and wind, as well as hydropower and nuclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-768x689.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-1020x915.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bruce Nilles shows off his electric heat pump at his Oakland home. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas,” Nilles said. He wanted to trade out all four systems, and found some contractors didn’t even have experience switching gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he found one who was game to install a new electric induction range. Nilles says it’s a far cry from the old-school electric stoves with coils that heat up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thing this is so fast,” he said, “you put the water on and literally, 120 seconds later, its boiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles also got a new electric dryer, and in the basement, a water heater and heat pump that both heats and cools his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The inspector didn’t actually didn’t sign off on our project, because on a check-box, it said there needed to be a gas shut-off valve on our hot water heater,” he said. Eventually, the city agreed to ignore the check-box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First-of-a-Kind Ban\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the Berkeley city council voted unanimously to ban natural gas in newly constructed buildings, becoming the first city in the country to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials say new efficient electric appliances have lower carbon footprints than gas-powered furnaces and water heaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to tackle climate change every way that we can and by doing this, we’re not asking people to change that much,” said Kate Harrison, the Berkeley city council member who led the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"left\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Bob Raymer, California Building Industry Association\"]‘People love their gas stoves. We don’t want to force something onto the consumer that makes the consumer feel uncomfortable or that they just don’t like.’[/pullquote]The ban starts next year with homes and small apartment buildings, and will rope in other kinds of buildings such as high-rises and commercial space as soon as state officials complete energy efficiency analyses of those building types. Building owners can also apply for an exemption to the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to give us a better life,” Harrison said. “We’re going to have a cleaner environment. We’re going to have less health problems. We’re going to have less danger in our homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 27% of Berkeley’s greenhouse gas emissions come from natural gas. That’s on par with the nation; buildings, through heating and cooking, use almost a third of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas lines also leak one of the most potent climate pollutants, methane, directly into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change isn’t the only reason for the ban, according to the city. Berkeley sits on an earthquake fault, and a major event could cause natural gas lines to break and create explosions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking on gas stoves can also cause high levels of indoor air pollution, like nitrogen dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have health effects that have never been considered,” Harrison said, “that come from burning natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign marking the boundary of the Aliso Canyon storage facility in 2016, in Porter Ranch. California Governor Jerry Brown on January 6, 2016 declared a state of emergency in the Porter Ranch area due to the continuing leak of natural gas from the Aliso Canyon storage facility operated by the Southern California Gas Co. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Alcorn/AFP/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, stoves are the major sticking point, Harrison says. While homeowners may not have strong feelings about their water heaters, cooking is another matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy-duty gas ranges pack appliance showrooms, looking like industrial models made for restaurant kitchens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People love their gas stoves,” said Bob Raymer, technical director with the California Building Industry Association. “We don’t want to force something onto the consumer that makes the consumer feel uncomfortable or that they just don’t like. After all, it’s their home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he says, not offering those stoves could put builders at a competitive disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t support an outright ban on a particular product,” Raymer said. “What we do support are the use of regulatory and financial incentives to encourage a market to go a particular way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of restaurants today also use gas cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that restaurants, along with all ratepayers, have a diverse set of energy sources they can turn to – and that includes natural gas,” said Sharokina Shams of the California Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Raymer says some builders are already switching to all-electric homes in California, because in new construction, they save $2,000-to-$5,000 by not running gas lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Cities Following Suit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities including Sacramento, Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/index.aspx?NID=6150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/press-release/mayor-london-breed-announces-significant-efforts-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a> are all developing goals to cut emissions from buildings. While Sacramento has \u003ca href=\"https://engagesac.org/blog-civic-engagement/2019/3/15/converting-buildings-from-gas-to-electric-crucial-to-fighting-climate-change-commission-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">started discussing a potential ban\u003c/a> on natural gas in new buildings, other cities are looking at using incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state may not be far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have to get away from fossil natural gas combustion,” said Andrew McAllister of the California Energy Commission. “Electricity becomes cleaner and cleaner, and natural gas is methane and it’s just got carbon in it. There’s no way around that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Energy Commission is currently writing a road map for how the state can cut emissions from buildings 40% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, to meet its goal of becoming carbon-neutral, California will have to tackle natural gas use in existing buildings, not just new ones. That can be costlier. Many older homes don’t have large enough electrical panels or plugs that can handle 220 volts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric heat pumps and other electric appliances can be more expensive than gas-powered equivalents, especially because it can be harder to find rebates. Sacramento and San Jose are offering residents up to several thousand dollars to switch from gas to electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a cultural transition that we have to undergo,” said McAllister. “It’s a big lift, but we’re in a powerful state with a big economy and a lot of creativity. So I think if anybody can do it, California can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, McAllister says, a lot of the nation’s energy efficiency rules, including for appliances, were passed by California first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To reach its ambitious climate change goals, California will have to entice homeowners to electrify everything. The state is trying to become carbon neutral by 2045 and around a quarter of the state’s emissions come from energy used by buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’ll be a big step, because today, an all-electric home isn’t common in California, as Oakland resident Bruce Nilles found out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Nilles spent his career working on reducing the country’s use of fossil fuels, first at the Sierra Club and then at the Rocky Mountain Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was thinking a lot about coal and how do we transition the United States off of coal,” he said, “and had missed the fact that right in my own home was this big source of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles’ two-story craftsman home had four appliances that ran on natural gas: hot water heater, furnace, dryer and gas stove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It never occurred to me that they were a big piece of my carbon footprint,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electricity has a lower carbon footprint in California than natural gas, because the state is investing heavily in renewable energy. In 2018, half of the state’s electricity came from sources free of carbon emissions, such as solar and wind, as well as hydropower and nuclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945660\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-800x717.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-768x689.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web-1020x915.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/DSC02303-web.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bruce Nilles shows off his electric heat pump at his Oakland home. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I called three different contractors and all three of them tried to persuade me not to get rid of my gas,” Nilles said. He wanted to trade out all four systems, and found some contractors didn’t even have experience switching gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he found one who was game to install a new electric induction range. Nilles says it’s a far cry from the old-school electric stoves with coils that heat up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thing this is so fast,” he said, “you put the water on and literally, 120 seconds later, its boiling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nilles also got a new electric dryer, and in the basement, a water heater and heat pump that both heats and cools his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The inspector didn’t actually didn’t sign off on our project, because on a check-box, it said there needed to be a gas shut-off valve on our hot water heater,” he said. Eventually, the city agreed to ignore the check-box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First-of-a-Kind Ban\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, the Berkeley city council voted unanimously to ban natural gas in newly constructed buildings, becoming the first city in the country to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials say new efficient electric appliances have lower carbon footprints than gas-powered furnaces and water heaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to tackle climate change every way that we can and by doing this, we’re not asking people to change that much,” said Kate Harrison, the Berkeley city council member who led the initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The ban starts next year with homes and small apartment buildings, and will rope in other kinds of buildings such as high-rises and commercial space as soon as state officials complete energy efficiency analyses of those building types. Building owners can also apply for an exemption to the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to give us a better life,” Harrison said. “We’re going to have a cleaner environment. We’re going to have less health problems. We’re going to have less danger in our homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 27% of Berkeley’s greenhouse gas emissions come from natural gas. That’s on par with the nation; buildings, through heating and cooking, use almost a third of the natural gas consumed in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas lines also leak one of the most potent climate pollutants, methane, directly into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change isn’t the only reason for the ban, according to the city. Berkeley sits on an earthquake fault, and a major event could cause natural gas lines to break and create explosions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooking on gas stoves can also cause high levels of indoor air pollution, like nitrogen dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have health effects that have never been considered,” Harrison said, “that come from burning natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945683\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS18585_GettyImages-503677392-1.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign marking the boundary of the Aliso Canyon storage facility in 2016, in Porter Ranch. California Governor Jerry Brown on January 6, 2016 declared a state of emergency in the Porter Ranch area due to the continuing leak of natural gas from the Aliso Canyon storage facility operated by the Southern California Gas Co. \u003ccite>(Jonathan Alcorn/AFP/Getty Images))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, stoves are the major sticking point, Harrison says. While homeowners may not have strong feelings about their water heaters, cooking is another matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy-duty gas ranges pack appliance showrooms, looking like industrial models made for restaurant kitchens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People love their gas stoves,” said Bob Raymer, technical director with the California Building Industry Association. “We don’t want to force something onto the consumer that makes the consumer feel uncomfortable or that they just don’t like. After all, it’s their home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he says, not offering those stoves could put builders at a competitive disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t support an outright ban on a particular product,” Raymer said. “What we do support are the use of regulatory and financial incentives to encourage a market to go a particular way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of restaurants today also use gas cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important that restaurants, along with all ratepayers, have a diverse set of energy sources they can turn to – and that includes natural gas,” said Sharokina Shams of the California Restaurant Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Raymer says some builders are already switching to all-electric homes in California, because in new construction, they save $2,000-to-$5,000 by not running gas lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Cities Following Suit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities including Sacramento, Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/index.aspx?NID=6150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Jose\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/press-release/mayor-london-breed-announces-significant-efforts-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a> are all developing goals to cut emissions from buildings. While Sacramento has \u003ca href=\"https://engagesac.org/blog-civic-engagement/2019/3/15/converting-buildings-from-gas-to-electric-crucial-to-fighting-climate-change-commission-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">started discussing a potential ban\u003c/a> on natural gas in new buildings, other cities are looking at using incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state may not be far behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that we have to get away from fossil natural gas combustion,” said Andrew McAllister of the California Energy Commission. “Electricity becomes cleaner and cleaner, and natural gas is methane and it’s just got carbon in it. There’s no way around that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Energy Commission is currently writing a road map for how the state can cut emissions from buildings 40% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, to meet its goal of becoming carbon-neutral, California will have to tackle natural gas use in existing buildings, not just new ones. That can be costlier. Many older homes don’t have large enough electrical panels or plugs that can handle 220 volts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric heat pumps and other electric appliances can be more expensive than gas-powered equivalents, especially because it can be harder to find rebates. Sacramento and San Jose are offering residents up to several thousand dollars to switch from gas to electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a cultural transition that we have to undergo,” said McAllister. “It’s a big lift, but we’re in a powerful state with a big economy and a lot of creativity. So I think if anybody can do it, California can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, McAllister says, a lot of the nation’s energy efficiency rules, including for appliances, were passed by California first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Beginner's Guide to Electric Cars",
"headTitle": "The Beginner’s Guide to Electric Cars | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Electric vehicles (EVs) \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are getting cheaper\u003c/a>—so whether you’re looking for a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">save on the hassle and cost of gas\u003c/a>, shrink your carbon footprint, or simply zip around in a new Tesla, there are lots of reasons to consider a hybrid or electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\">\u003c/a>But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to\u003cbr>\nmake—and some planning you need to do—to make sure the car you buy fits your driving needs. Here are a few things to consider before you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decide Whether to Go With a Plug-in Hybrid or Full EV\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a conventional hybrid (HEV) relies on its gasoline engine and a small battery to work in tandem, a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) can operate on its battery alone—and burn no fuel—for a limited number of miles before the engine starts up to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you never plug your PHEV in, it’ll act just like a regular hybrid with the engine and battery trading off. So while you can charge your plug-in hybrid to get the benefits of battery-only driving over a short distance, you don’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full EV, on the other hand, relies solely on its battery for power—which means it has to be charged regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calculate Your Costs\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few elements to comparing the cost of an EV versus a conventional car. One is the cost to drive your vehicle off the lot. EVs are still \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more expensive up front\u003c/a>: $55,600 compared to an industry median of $36,600. The median cost of a PHEV is somewhere in the middle (\u003ca href=\"https://evadoption.com/ev-models/available-phevs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around $46,000\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some electric cars qualify you for \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/irc-30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicle-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">up to $7,500 in federal tax credits\u003c/a> plus additional rebates and credits offered by your state or city. Some PHEVs have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slightly lower credits\u003c/a> than full EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you install Level 2 home charging equipment, that’ll add to your upfront cost (more on that in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real difference is in long-term costs, which vary widely based on factors like the car make and model; gas and electricity prices where you live; when and where you charge your EV; maintenance costs; and how much you drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it’s likely that your \u003ca href=\"https://craig.bonsignore.com/2012/09/19/one-year-of-electric-driving/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy costs will be lower\u003c/a> with an EV (electricity) versus a conventional car (gas) and somewhere in the middle with a PHEV. Use a calculator (like the FuelEconomy.gov’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=phev1Prompt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug-in Hybrid tool\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eGallon comparison\u003c/a>) to get a ballpark figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a charger at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where you live, you may be able to rely on public charging stations to keep your EV’s battery full. But many electric car owners say that it’s much easier and more convenient to install a charger at your home if you’re able. Your vehicle is likely to spend the largest chunks of idle time parked in your garage or driveway, so if you can charge there you’ll save yourself the hassle of waiting at a station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in an apartment or have to park on the street or in a public lot, you may be out of luck on this (unless you can convince your landlord or property manager to install charging equipment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Setting up home charging is pretty straightforward. You can plug a Level 1 charger right into a standard 120V outlet, though this will juice up your vehicle very slowly (2–5 miles per hour, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/WPCC_L1ChargingAtTheWorkplace_0716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Department estimates\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Level 2 charger uses 240V, costs anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/whats-the-right-electric-car-charger-for-your-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a few hundred dollars to $1,000 or more\u003c/a> to install, and works much faster—adding anywhere from about \u003ca href=\"https://www.clippercreek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Level-1-vs-Level-2_Chart_-20180502_Final_Low-Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 20 (or more, for some models) miles of range per hour\u003c/a> of charging. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/charging-your-ev/install-a-home-charging-station/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">install this type of charger yourself\u003c/a> or hire an electrician. Make sure you get the right parts for your vehicle. Tesla, for example, has a specific \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardware and installation guide\u003c/a> for its cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take Advantage of Free Charging (and Downtime)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging at home will add a little bit to your electricity bill, and some charging stations do require you to pay for juicing up your EV. But there are lots of ways to charge for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your office may provide charging stations for employees so you can leave your car plugged in for part of your workday. Some hotels, restaurants, and stores offer charging for patrons. You can also find nearby public charging stations that are free using maps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.chargepoint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChargePoint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> (which have filters for paid vs. free stations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that public charging stations often have time limits (similar to parking restrictions). Make sure you check signage and observe any posted rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, you can use any time you’re not driving—and any location where you can plug into a 120V outlet—as an opportunity to charge (at your friends’ homes, at your Airbnb, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plan Your Driving Routes Ahead of Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your vehicle’s range may be one of the biggest limitations to consider before you buy. Most EVs have a range of fewer than 300 miles, which makes longer trips difficult unless you can find charging stations along the way. PHEVs have very \u003ca href=\"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27127697/plug-in-hybrid-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short driving ranges per charge\u003c/a>—generally enough for commuting or running errands—but will switch to gas when needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are far more gas stations than charging stations, driving a full EV over longer distances requires some planning. Google Maps \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-find-ev-charging-stations-using-google-maps-1829884348\" rel=\"nofollow\">shows you nearby stations\u003c/a> and what kind of equipment is available if you search “EV Charging” or “EV Charging Stations.” \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/chargehub-finds-charging-stations-for-your-electric-veh-1743937351\" rel=\"nofollow\">Apps like ChargeHub\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> offer similar mapping features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where and how much you drive, an EV’s range may be plenty. But if you travel a lot, you may end up frustrated with charging stops and route planning if an EV is your only option. If charging stations are few and far between, if there’s a line of cars already waiting, or if you simply don’t want to stop for longer than a lunch break, this could get really old, really fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A possible workaround: if you road trip less frequently, rent a car as needed for distances beyond your EV’s range. Or go with a PHEV, which can switch to gas for longer journeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the Right Charging Equipment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have to charge your car away from home, make sure you use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/vehicle-charging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right combination of charger and plug\u003c/a>. Most vehicles have a standard J1772 port that connects with a Level 1 or Level 2 charging unit. Some cars can also connect to faster Level 3 charging equipment using one of a few different connectors (called CHAdeMO and SAE Combo).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teslas can hook up to proprietary \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supercharger stations\u003c/a>, though Tesla also has J1772 and CHAdeMO adapters for stations outside of its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your car’s specs should outline \u003ca href=\"https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which connectors and charging systems\u003c/a> your EV can use (or it’s something you’ll learn on day one of ownership). It is possible that not every charging station you encounter will have fast charging options, but you should be able to connect to any Level 2 charger with or without a J1772 adapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maintain Your Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs don’t require regular oil changes like gas-powered cars. But that doesn’t mean you can simply charge and go. You still have to attend to other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/top-5-electric-car-maintenance-issues-and-their-costs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard-issue car maintenance tasks\u003c/a> and regularly inflate and rotate your tires, change your wiper blades, and keep an eye on brake pads. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/comments/67951o/should_i_get_an_electric_car/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EV drivers report\u003c/a> that underinflated tires can significantly affect your car’s range. Basically, maintenance matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most EVs come with much less frequent maintenance checks than conventional cars (case in point: the Chevy Bolt has no \u003ca href=\"https://insideevs.com/news/330737/chevrolet-bolt-requires-almost-no-maintenance-for-first-150000-miles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled maintenance\u003c/a> outside of tire rotations every 7,500 miles, air filter changes every 22,500 miles, and coolant flushes \u003cem>every 150,000 miles\u003c/em>). There may be some minimal maintenance required on batteries and electronics, and of course, things can unexpectedly go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, PHEVs will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-car-safety-maintenance-and-battery-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on similar schedules to conventional cars\u003c/a> because they still have gas engines and associated fluids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on your specific service needs, your neighborhood mechanic may not be equipped for the job (if specialty tools are required, for example). In that case, you may need to seek out a dealer who works on your EV model.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"inset--story js_inset branded-item branded-item--lifehacker\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prepare for Extreme Temperatures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs \u003ca href=\"https://jalopnik.com/heres-what-happens-to-your-electric-car-in-a-bitter-can-1832151810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have some quirks in cold weather\u003c/a>. All cars are slightly less efficient in the winter, but EVs lose some of their range (\u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/maximizing-electric-cars-range-extreme-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent or more\u003c/a>) because batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Plus, it takes energy to power climate control—whether you’re running the heat or the air conditioning.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way around this is to \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ucsusa.org/dave-reichmuth/electric-cars-cold-weather-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precondition your EV\u003c/a> while it’s plugged into your charger—this warms the car and the battery so stored energy goes toward powering your actual drive. It’s similar to turning on your gas-powered car’s heat before you actually need to get in and drive away, but with most EVs, you can turn on or schedule this function with a connected app. Heating both your battery and your EV’s cabin ahead of time means you’ll be warmer and your car will be more efficient despite the cold weather. You can also set preconditioning to work in the summer so your car is nice and cool for your commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a PHEV, heat relies on the gas engine. If you want to stay on battery power, turn on your heated seats until you can’t handle the cold and need to blast the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t forget to turn your car off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs and PHEVs are generally a lot quieter than regular vehicles—which means it’s easy to get out, shut the door, and forget that the car is running. Remember to turn it off before you walk away. While it’s unlikely you’ll come close to draining your battery before you return, you probably shouldn’t get in the habit of leaving it on. You may have the option to enable an alarm that goes off when you’ve left your car running. Some EVs \u003ca href=\"https://www.motortrend.com/news/chevrolet-bolt-ev-engineers-reveal-11-cool-facts-car-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically shut off\u003c/a> after a set amount of time—and Teslas turn off when you exit and close the door behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/the-beginners-guide-to-electric-cars-1838044588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lifehacker\u003c/a>. It is republished here as part of \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/climate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED Science’s\u003c/a> partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to make—and some planning you need to do.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electric vehicles (EVs) \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are getting cheaper\u003c/a>—so whether you’re looking for a way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">save on the hassle and cost of gas\u003c/a>, shrink your carbon footprint, or simply zip around in a new Tesla, there are lots of reasons to consider a hybrid or electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"235\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-800x799.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-768x767.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png 1116w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\">\u003c/a>But before you go electric, there are a few decisions you have to\u003cbr>\nmake—and some planning you need to do—to make sure the car you buy fits your driving needs. Here are a few things to consider before you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decide Whether to Go With a Plug-in Hybrid or Full EV\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a conventional hybrid (HEV) relies on its gasoline engine and a small battery to work in tandem, a plug-in hybrid (PHEV) can operate on its battery alone—and burn no fuel—for a limited number of miles before the engine starts up to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you never plug your PHEV in, it’ll act just like a regular hybrid with the engine and battery trading off. So while you can charge your plug-in hybrid to get the benefits of battery-only driving over a short distance, you don’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full EV, on the other hand, relies solely on its battery for power—which means it has to be charged regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calculate Your Costs\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few elements to comparing the cost of an EV versus a conventional car. One is the cost to drive your vehicle off the lot. EVs are still \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1695602/the-average-electric-vehicle-is-getting-cheaper-in-the-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more expensive up front\u003c/a>: $55,600 compared to an industry median of $36,600. The median cost of a PHEV is somewhere in the middle (\u003ca href=\"https://evadoption.com/ev-models/available-phevs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around $46,000\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some electric cars qualify you for \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/businesses/irc-30d-new-qualified-plug-in-electric-drive-motor-vehicle-credit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">up to $7,500 in federal tax credits\u003c/a> plus additional rebates and credits offered by your state or city. Some PHEVs have \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/taxevb.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">slightly lower credits\u003c/a> than full EVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you install Level 2 home charging equipment, that’ll add to your upfront cost (more on that in a minute).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the real difference is in long-term costs, which vary widely based on factors like the car make and model; gas and electricity prices where you live; when and where you charge your EV; maintenance costs; and how much you drive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it’s likely that your \u003ca href=\"https://craig.bonsignore.com/2012/09/19/one-year-of-electric-driving/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">energy costs will be lower\u003c/a> with an EV (electricity) versus a conventional car (gas) and somewhere in the middle with a PHEV. Use a calculator (like the FuelEconomy.gov’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/Find.do?action=phev1Prompt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug-in Hybrid tool\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/maps/egallon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eGallon comparison\u003c/a>) to get a ballpark figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a charger at home\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where you live, you may be able to rely on public charging stations to keep your EV’s battery full. But many electric car owners say that it’s much easier and more convenient to install a charger at your home if you’re able. Your vehicle is likely to spend the largest chunks of idle time parked in your garage or driveway, so if you can charge there you’ll save yourself the hassle of waiting at a station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in an apartment or have to park on the street or in a public lot, you may be out of luck on this (unless you can convince your landlord or property manager to install charging equipment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Setting up home charging is pretty straightforward. You can plug a Level 1 charger right into a standard 120V outlet, though this will juice up your vehicle very slowly (2–5 miles per hour, according to \u003ca href=\"https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/WPCC_L1ChargingAtTheWorkplace_0716.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Department estimates\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Level 2 charger uses 240V, costs anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/hybrids-evs/whats-the-right-electric-car-charger-for-your-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a few hundred dollars to $1,000 or more\u003c/a> to install, and works much faster—adding anywhere from about \u003ca href=\"https://www.clippercreek.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Level-1-vs-Level-2_Chart_-20180502_Final_Low-Res.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 to 20 (or more, for some models) miles of range per hour\u003c/a> of charging. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.energysage.com/electric-vehicles/charging-your-ev/install-a-home-charging-station/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">install this type of charger yourself\u003c/a> or hire an electrician. Make sure you get the right parts for your vehicle. Tesla, for example, has a specific \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/home-charging-installation/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hardware and installation guide\u003c/a> for its cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Take Advantage of Free Charging (and Downtime)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging at home will add a little bit to your electricity bill, and some charging stations do require you to pay for juicing up your EV. But there are lots of ways to charge for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your office may provide charging stations for employees so you can leave your car plugged in for part of your workday. Some hotels, restaurants, and stores offer charging for patrons. You can also find nearby public charging stations that are free using maps like \u003ca href=\"https://www.chargepoint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ChargePoint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> (which have filters for paid vs. free stations).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that public charging stations often have time limits (similar to parking restrictions). Make sure you check signage and observe any posted rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, you can use any time you’re not driving—and any location where you can plug into a 120V outlet—as an opportunity to charge (at your friends’ homes, at your Airbnb, etc.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plan Your Driving Routes Ahead of Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your vehicle’s range may be one of the biggest limitations to consider before you buy. Most EVs have a range of fewer than 300 miles, which makes longer trips difficult unless you can find charging stations along the way. PHEVs have very \u003ca href=\"https://www.caranddriver.com/features/a27127697/plug-in-hybrid-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">short driving ranges per charge\u003c/a>—generally enough for commuting or running errands—but will switch to gas when needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are far more gas stations than charging stations, driving a full EV over longer distances requires some planning. Google Maps \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/how-to-find-ev-charging-stations-using-google-maps-1829884348\" rel=\"nofollow\">shows you nearby stations\u003c/a> and what kind of equipment is available if you search “EV Charging” or “EV Charging Stations.” \u003ca href=\"https://lifehacker.com/chargehub-finds-charging-stations-for-your-electric-veh-1743937351\" rel=\"nofollow\">Apps like ChargeHub\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugshare.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PlugShare\u003c/a> offer similar mapping features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on where and how much you drive, an EV’s range may be plenty. But if you travel a lot, you may end up frustrated with charging stops and route planning if an EV is your only option. If charging stations are few and far between, if there’s a line of cars already waiting, or if you simply don’t want to stop for longer than a lunch break, this could get really old, really fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A possible workaround: if you road trip less frequently, rent a car as needed for distances beyond your EV’s range. Or go with a PHEV, which can switch to gas for longer journeys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use the Right Charging Equipment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have to charge your car away from home, make sure you use the \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/vehicle-charging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">right combination of charger and plug\u003c/a>. Most vehicles have a standard J1772 port that connects with a Level 1 or Level 2 charging unit. Some cars can also connect to faster Level 3 charging equipment using one of a few different connectors (called CHAdeMO and SAE Combo).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teslas can hook up to proprietary \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/support/supercharging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supercharger stations\u003c/a>, though Tesla also has J1772 and CHAdeMO adapters for stations outside of its network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your car’s specs should outline \u003ca href=\"https://chargehub.com/en/electric-car-charging-guide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">which connectors and charging systems\u003c/a> your EV can use (or it’s something you’ll learn on day one of ownership). It is possible that not every charging station you encounter will have fast charging options, but you should be able to connect to any Level 2 charger with or without a J1772 adapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Maintain Your Vehicle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs don’t require regular oil changes like gas-powered cars. But that doesn’t mean you can simply charge and go. You still have to attend to other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/top-5-electric-car-maintenance-issues-and-their-costs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">standard-issue car maintenance tasks\u003c/a> and regularly inflate and rotate your tires, change your wiper blades, and keep an eye on brake pads. Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/personalfinance/comments/67951o/should_i_get_an_electric_car/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EV drivers report\u003c/a> that underinflated tires can significantly affect your car’s range. Basically, maintenance matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most EVs come with much less frequent maintenance checks than conventional cars (case in point: the Chevy Bolt has no \u003ca href=\"https://insideevs.com/news/330737/chevrolet-bolt-requires-almost-no-maintenance-for-first-150000-miles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled maintenance\u003c/a> outside of tire rotations every 7,500 miles, air filter changes every 22,500 miles, and coolant flushes \u003cem>every 150,000 miles\u003c/em>). There may be some minimal maintenance required on batteries and electronics, and of course, things can unexpectedly go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, PHEVs will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/electric-car-safety-maintenance-and-battery-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on similar schedules to conventional cars\u003c/a> because they still have gas engines and associated fluids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on your specific service needs, your neighborhood mechanic may not be equipped for the job (if specialty tools are required, for example). In that case, you may need to seek out a dealer who works on your EV model.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"inset--story js_inset branded-item branded-item--lifehacker\">\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prepare for Extreme Temperatures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs \u003ca href=\"https://jalopnik.com/heres-what-happens-to-your-electric-car-in-a-bitter-can-1832151810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have some quirks in cold weather\u003c/a>. All cars are slightly less efficient in the winter, but EVs lose some of their range (\u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/maximizing-electric-cars-range-extreme-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25 percent or more\u003c/a>) because batteries are very sensitive to temperature. Plus, it takes energy to power climate control—whether you’re running the heat or the air conditioning.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way around this is to \u003ca href=\"https://blog.ucsusa.org/dave-reichmuth/electric-cars-cold-weather-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precondition your EV\u003c/a> while it’s plugged into your charger—this warms the car and the battery so stored energy goes toward powering your actual drive. It’s similar to turning on your gas-powered car’s heat before you actually need to get in and drive away, but with most EVs, you can turn on or schedule this function with a connected app. Heating both your battery and your EV’s cabin ahead of time means you’ll be warmer and your car will be more efficient despite the cold weather. You can also set preconditioning to work in the summer so your car is nice and cool for your commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a PHEV, heat relies on the gas engine. If you want to stay on battery power, turn on your heated seats until you can’t handle the cold and need to blast the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Don’t forget to turn your car off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EVs and PHEVs are generally a lot quieter than regular vehicles—which means it’s easy to get out, shut the door, and forget that the car is running. Remember to turn it off before you walk away. While it’s unlikely you’ll come close to draining your battery before you return, you probably shouldn’t get in the habit of leaving it on. You may have the option to enable an alarm that goes off when you’ve left your car running. Some EVs \u003ca href=\"https://www.motortrend.com/news/chevrolet-bolt-ev-engineers-reveal-11-cool-facts-car-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">automatically shut off\u003c/a> after a set amount of time—and Teslas turn off when you exit and close the door behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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