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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gov. Gavin Newsom used his daily coronavirus briefing Thursday to outline an\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">austerity budget\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with deep cuts to cover a massive $54.3 billion deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Newsom’s proposal includes major cuts to environmental programs, including a $681 million slash in spending for environmental protection compared to last year, and a $224 million cut to the state’s natural resources department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The governor, however, is sticking to a commitment to additional funds for fighting wildfires and is proposing an increase of $90 million for wildfire suppression and readiness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The budget revision is a far cry from the proposal released in January, when California projected a $5.6 billion surplus and Newsom wanted to spend billions of dollars on new environmental initiatives, including a much-celebrated $20 million for a new state park, the first in a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Newsom also wanted to spend \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/environment-and-energy/california-governor-wants-12-5-billion-for-climate-plans-bond\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">$12.5 billion over five years\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to fight climate change by curbing carbon emissions and building the state’s resilience to wildfires, floods and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But the COVID-19 pandemic and a statewide stay-at-home order meant to slow the spread of the virus has put the state’s revenue outlook in a deep hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When asked about the reduction in spending related to the environment, Newsom said cuts to the state Environmental Protection Agency and Natural Resources Agency were necessary. However, he left himself room to negotiate with lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’ve done justice in this budget in terms of protecting those core regulatory constructs as we can,” he said. “That said, I look forward to the give and take with the Legislature and any augmentation, perhaps, that’s needed or any blindspots that our administration put out. And let’s try to fix those as quickly as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Questions remain as to whether the federal government will help states suffering during the pandemic-induced economic downturn. Newsom and\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/news/npr/story?storyid=854735065\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">House Democrats\u003c/span>\u003c/a> want $1 trillion in aid for California and other states suffering budget shortfalls, part of the Heroes Act to be voted on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Jared Blumenfeld, secretary of the state’s Environmental Protection Agency, called the cuts painful and said the state is facing many difficult choices. But he called the revised budget “fiscally prudent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Cap-and-Trade Cuts\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Newsom’s budget summary outlines “significant uncertainty” in how much money the state’s landmark climate change program will generate through its quarterly auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cap-and-trade program established caps on emissions and allows businesses to buy and sell credits on a state exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The governor is proposing a $965 million budget for the program, down from $1.4 billion last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During his remarks on a conference call with reporters, Blumenfeld noted the plummeting emissions of planet-warming gases during the stay-at-home order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The good news is that emissions are decreasing,” Blumenfeld said. “However, there’s a lot of funding that has occurred in the past that may not occur in the future. As a result of that, we are going to have to make hard decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He said the state will prioritize initiatives to improve air quality in disadvantaged communities, fire prevention, and a program to clean up contaminated drinking water across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Funds for New State Park \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Instead of spending $20 million from a one-time budget surplus to pay for a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956446/state-park-plan-is-conservationists-dream-but-reformers-want-focus-on-park-poor-neighborhoods\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">new state park\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb>, \u003c/b>Newsom now proposes spending just $5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Newsom hasn’t said where the park would be, but Bay Area lawmakers have\u003ca href=\"https://sd07.senate.ca.gov/news/2020-01-08-17-bay-area-caucus-members-urge-governor-legislative-leaders-provide-funding-acquire\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">indicated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> it is likely a sprawling 50,000 acre ranch in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Nature Conservancy and The Trust for Public Land pledged $30 million to acquire the ranch. It’s unclear if the combined money would be enough to purchase the ranch, which is currently listed for $68 million, down from $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>We believe this $5 million investment can be helpful to creating a new state park with a set of partners, and we want to keep that opportunity alive,” said Wade Crowfoot, secretary for Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom is also proposing cuts to the park’s operating budget and removing a plan for a new grant-funded program to increase equitable access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We are pulling back,” Crowfoot said, but added that the state remains committed to working with stakeholders to keep access to parks as a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>New Climate Programs Killed\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gone from the budget are new programs meant to fight climate change. These include a $1 billion green loan fund intended to jumpstart small- and medium-sized climate-friendly businesses like electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy projects and other programs that have a hard time attracting private capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Sponsorship of a $4.75 billion climate bond for wildfire, flood and drought resilience projects across the state has also been eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Kate Gordon, Newsom’s senior adviser on climate, is hopeful that because California designed the climate bond and the loan programs to leverage private investment, the initiatives could still move forward with support from the federal government, foundations or private investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Newsom has released his May revision, lawmakers still need to pass the budget. The numbers could change again if the federal government provides relief to California.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But the COVID-19 pandemic and a statewide stay-at-home order meant to slow the spread of the virus has put the state’s revenue outlook in a deep hole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When asked about the reduction in spending related to the environment, Newsom said cuts to the state Environmental Protection Agency and Natural Resources Agency were necessary. However, he left himself room to negotiate with lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’ve done justice in this budget in terms of protecting those core regulatory constructs as we can,” he said. “That said, I look forward to the give and take with the Legislature and any augmentation, perhaps, that’s needed or any blindspots that our administration put out. And let’s try to fix those as quickly as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Questions remain as to whether the federal government will help states suffering during the pandemic-induced economic downturn. Newsom and\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/news/npr/story?storyid=854735065\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">House Democrats\u003c/span>\u003c/a> want $1 trillion in aid for California and other states suffering budget shortfalls, part of the Heroes Act to be voted on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Jared Blumenfeld, secretary of the state’s Environmental Protection Agency, called the cuts painful and said the state is facing many difficult choices. But he called the revised budget “fiscally prudent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Cap-and-Trade Cuts\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Newsom’s budget summary outlines “significant uncertainty” in how much money the state’s landmark climate change program will generate through its quarterly auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cap-and-trade program established caps on emissions and allows businesses to buy and sell credits on a state exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The governor is proposing a $965 million budget for the program, down from $1.4 billion last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During his remarks on a conference call with reporters, Blumenfeld noted the plummeting emissions of planet-warming gases during the stay-at-home order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The good news is that emissions are decreasing,” Blumenfeld said. “However, there’s a lot of funding that has occurred in the past that may not occur in the future. As a result of that, we are going to have to make hard decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He said the state will prioritize initiatives to improve air quality in disadvantaged communities, fire prevention, and a program to clean up contaminated drinking water across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Funds for New State Park \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Instead of spending $20 million from a one-time budget surplus to pay for a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956446/state-park-plan-is-conservationists-dream-but-reformers-want-focus-on-park-poor-neighborhoods\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">new state park\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb>, \u003c/b>Newsom now proposes spending just $5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Newsom hasn’t said where the park would be, but Bay Area lawmakers have\u003ca href=\"https://sd07.senate.ca.gov/news/2020-01-08-17-bay-area-caucus-members-urge-governor-legislative-leaders-provide-funding-acquire\"> \u003cspan class=\"s1\">indicated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> it is likely a sprawling 50,000 acre ranch in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The Nature Conservancy and The Trust for Public Land pledged $30 million to acquire the ranch. It’s unclear if the combined money would be enough to purchase the ranch, which is currently listed for $68 million, down from $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>“\u003c/i>We believe this $5 million investment can be helpful to creating a new state park with a set of partners, and we want to keep that opportunity alive,” said Wade Crowfoot, secretary for Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom is also proposing cuts to the park’s operating budget and removing a plan for a new grant-funded program to increase equitable access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We are pulling back,” Crowfoot said, but added that the state remains committed to working with stakeholders to keep access to parks as a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>New Climate Programs Killed\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gone from the budget are new programs meant to fight climate change. These include a $1 billion green loan fund intended to jumpstart small- and medium-sized climate-friendly businesses like electric vehicle charging stations, renewable energy projects and other programs that have a hard time attracting private capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Sponsorship of a $4.75 billion climate bond for wildfire, flood and drought resilience projects across the state has also been eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Kate Gordon, Newsom’s senior adviser on climate, is hopeful that because California designed the climate bond and the loan programs to leverage private investment, the initiatives could still move forward with support from the federal government, foundations or private investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Newsom has released his May revision, lawmakers still need to pass the budget. The numbers could change again if the federal government provides relief to California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "See Winning Photos From Cal Academy's Nature and Conservation Photo Competition",
"headTitle": "See Winning Photos From Cal Academy’s Nature and Conservation Photo Competition | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Each year, the California Academy of Sciences’ renowned \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BigPicture Photography Competition\u003c/a> celebrates some of the world’s best photographers and the year’s most striking images. Judged by an esteemed panel of nature and conservation photography experts, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/suzi-eszterhas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/tony-wu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Wu\u003c/a>, and bioGraphic contributing photo editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/sophie-stafford/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sophie Stafford\u003c/a>, the competition’s winning images and finalists highlight Earth’s biodiversity and illustrate the many threats that our planet faces. Each photo, in its own way, inspires viewers to protect and conserve the remarkable diversity of life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are a few of the winners. You can see more photos on the bioGraphic \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/the-big-picture-2020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hold on Tight \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mathieu Foulquié\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Aquatic Life Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1964143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulqui%C3%A9_amplexus-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964224\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquie%CC%81_amplexus-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the turbulence of a small waterfall in France’s Lez River, a male common toad (\u003cem>Bufo bufo\u003c/em>) holds on for dear life. Not his own life, though — the male is helping to ensure his species’ survival by fertilizing his female companion’s eggs as she lays them. Known as amplexus — Latin for “embrace” — this mating behavior is common among amphibians and other animals whose eggs must be fertilized externally. Males temporarily develop glands on their toes, known as nuptial pads, to help them grip the swollen abdomens of the females. Then, as the female releases thousands of eggs in pearly, gelatinous strands, the male coats them with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of toads seeking partners for this ancient dance of procreation are killed each spring by motor vehicles. Fortunately, some European communities have built canals and even enlisted toad-shuttling volunteers to help them cross roads and reach their mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guardians of the Giraffes \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Ami Vitale\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Photo Story Winner (one of six images)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too often, says Ami Vitale, nature photography excludes the humans whose lives are intertwined with the natural world. Her decadelong project documenting the bonds between Samburu people and wildlife in northern Kenya reverses this oversight, telling the story of how Samburu people became advocates for wild animals and their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For as long as Samburu people have grazed livestock, their livelihood has been seemingly at odds with the elephants, rhinos, giraffes, and other large mammals with whom they share their homeland. But as poachers decimated elephant (\u003cem>Mammalia p\u003c/em>\u003cem>roboscidea)\u003c/em> populations in recent decades, Samburu herders realized their cattle were also suffering. Elephants promote grass growth by clearing brush and small trees, so as their numbers shrink, there’s less grass for cows to graze on. In response, the Samburu launched a sanctuary to rehabilitate orphaned elephants, along with other conservation programs that benefit threatened species like the reticulated giraffe (\u003cem>Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata\u003c/em>), shown here. These efforts are changing long-standing Samburu attitudes toward wildlife, and show how the health of human and animal communities are connected. “Indigenous communities hold the key to saving Africa’s great animals,” says Vitale. “Where these communities are intact, poaching has dramatically decreased.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shelter in Place \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Andy Parkinson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Grand Prize Winner\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-800x575.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-768x552.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-1020x733.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get this intimate shot of a mountain hare \u003cem>(Lepus timidus)\u003c/em> curled up against a Scottish winter storm, Andy Parkinson endured weeks of ferocious cold and wind that drove shards of ice into his face. Britain’s only native rabbit species, on the other hand, is utterly at home in these inhospitable conditions. Groups of 20 or more hares gather each winter to nibble heather on leeward slopes, where the snow tends to be shallower. Before resting, they jump away from their tracks to confuse predators. And while some ride out storms in burrows or depressions, this female created her own shelter, tucking herself into a ball to conserve heat and minimize exposure to the elements. It’s a nifty strategy for surviving the kind of weather that drives most creatures indoors or underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their fortitude, mountain hares are Britain’s fastest-declining mammal, due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. Parkinson hopes that calling attention to these remarkable rabbits will convince legislators to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mushroom Magic \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Agorastos Papatsanis\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Landscapes, Waterscapes, & Flora Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the ethereal appearance of this photo, these edible mushrooms (\u003cem>Macrolepiota procera\u003c/em>) won’t induce any hallucinations. But that doesn’t mean they aren’t magical. Indeed, the more we learn about mushrooms, the more magic they seem to harbor. From \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_10\">helping trees communicate\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814613000526\">producing cancer-fighting metabolites\u003c/a>, scientists have only begun to uncover the fantastic features of fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root of many of these capabilities is the unique role that mushrooms play in the environment. As primary decomposers, mushrooms break down the organic matter of dead plants and animals. In return, the fungi become flush with essential nutrients and minerals, a number of which can confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer benefits to humans. This same ability also makes mushrooms \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257992155_Uses_of_mushrooms_in_bioremediation_A_Review\">exceptional environmental remediators\u003c/a>, ingesting the toxins and heavy metals that various industrial practices have leached into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pond Skim \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Piotr Naskrecki\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Winged Life Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964148\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Gorongosa National Park, at the southern tip of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, water breathes with the seasons. Lakes and rivers that overflow during the winter months are reduced to puddles and trickles come summer. For many species — including the Mozambique long-fingered bat (\u003cem>Miniopterus mossambicus\u003c/em>) — the dry season means longer journeys for a much-needed sip of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our planet warms and droughts increase in both frequency and intensity, the seasonal oases that bats depend on are drying up. Without adequate water, healthy bats begin to weaken, making them more susceptible to diseases that are already devastating populations around the world. Those that survive are sometimes forced to drink from human-made bodies of water — a boon for bats, but a potential risk for people who drink from those same water sources, since bats carry a host of zoonotic diseases. It’s often at these interspecies interfaces that killers like Ebola and the novel coronavirus emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speed and Strategy \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Yi Liu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Terrestrial Wildlife Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964149\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they’re the fastest land animals in the world, catching prey is no easy feat for a cheetah (\u003cem>Acinonyx jubatus\u003c/em>). The mostly treeless terrain of the African savanna gives antelopes, impalas, and other ungulates ample time to spot approaching predators, and even a slight head start can be the difference between life and death. To avoid alerting their prey, cheetahs start out hunting low to the ground, where their spotted coat helps them blend into the terrain. When they get within 60 meters (200 feet) of their target, cheetahs accelerate at a blistering pace, reaching 95 kilometers (60 miles) per hour in a matter of seconds. But the feline predators still have to account for the speed of their prey — in this case an impala (\u003cem>Aepyceros melampus\u003c/em>), which can zigzag at upward of 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. To close the gap, this cheetah tripped its quarry as it attempted to escape, proving that sometimes, strategy is just as important as speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Cost of Cats \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Jak Wonderly\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Human/Nature Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-768x544.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the staff at WildCare, a California animal rescue organization, is tasked with rehabilitating hundreds of birds and other wild animals mauled by outdoor house cats. The 200 pictured here did not survive. “I wanted to create an image to show some of the impacts our pets have on the wildlife around our homes,” says Jak Wonderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those impacts is a world with less birdsong. In the United States alone, more than 2 billion birds are killed by cats annually. Other nations, including Australia and New Zealand, have tried to protect native wildlife by imposing restrictions on cat owners, such as “cat curfews” that require cats to be indoors after dark. But because such measures are unlikely to gain traction in North America, Wonderly took this devastating photo. By illustrating the suffering that free-roaming house cats cause, he hopes to spark discussion about alternative solutions for reducing the death toll caused by our pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from \u003ca href=\"http://biographic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine published by San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From the beautiful to the bizarre, this photographic showcase of life on Earth shines a light on some of our planet's most amazing species and places.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Each year, the California Academy of Sciences’ renowned \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BigPicture Photography Competition\u003c/a> celebrates some of the world’s best photographers and the year’s most striking images. Judged by an esteemed panel of nature and conservation photography experts, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/suzi-eszterhas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/tony-wu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Wu\u003c/a>, and bioGraphic contributing photo editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/sophie-stafford/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sophie Stafford\u003c/a>, the competition’s winning images and finalists highlight Earth’s biodiversity and illustrate the many threats that our planet faces. Each photo, in its own way, inspires viewers to protect and conserve the remarkable diversity of life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are a few of the winners. You can see more photos on the bioGraphic \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/the-big-picture-2020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hold on Tight \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mathieu Foulquié\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Aquatic Life Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1964143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulqui%C3%A9_amplexus-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964224\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquie%CC%81_amplexus-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the turbulence of a small waterfall in France’s Lez River, a male common toad (\u003cem>Bufo bufo\u003c/em>) holds on for dear life. Not his own life, though — the male is helping to ensure his species’ survival by fertilizing his female companion’s eggs as she lays them. Known as amplexus — Latin for “embrace” — this mating behavior is common among amphibians and other animals whose eggs must be fertilized externally. Males temporarily develop glands on their toes, known as nuptial pads, to help them grip the swollen abdomens of the females. Then, as the female releases thousands of eggs in pearly, gelatinous strands, the male coats them with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of toads seeking partners for this ancient dance of procreation are killed each spring by motor vehicles. Fortunately, some European communities have built canals and even enlisted toad-shuttling volunteers to help them cross roads and reach their mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guardians of the Giraffes \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Ami Vitale\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Photo Story Winner (one of six images)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too often, says Ami Vitale, nature photography excludes the humans whose lives are intertwined with the natural world. Her decadelong project documenting the bonds between Samburu people and wildlife in northern Kenya reverses this oversight, telling the story of how Samburu people became advocates for wild animals and their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For as long as Samburu people have grazed livestock, their livelihood has been seemingly at odds with the elephants, rhinos, giraffes, and other large mammals with whom they share their homeland. But as poachers decimated elephant (\u003cem>Mammalia p\u003c/em>\u003cem>roboscidea)\u003c/em> populations in recent decades, Samburu herders realized their cattle were also suffering. Elephants promote grass growth by clearing brush and small trees, so as their numbers shrink, there’s less grass for cows to graze on. In response, the Samburu launched a sanctuary to rehabilitate orphaned elephants, along with other conservation programs that benefit threatened species like the reticulated giraffe (\u003cem>Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata\u003c/em>), shown here. These efforts are changing long-standing Samburu attitudes toward wildlife, and show how the health of human and animal communities are connected. “Indigenous communities hold the key to saving Africa’s great animals,” says Vitale. “Where these communities are intact, poaching has dramatically decreased.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shelter in Place \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Andy Parkinson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Grand Prize Winner\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-800x575.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-768x552.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-1020x733.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get this intimate shot of a mountain hare \u003cem>(Lepus timidus)\u003c/em> curled up against a Scottish winter storm, Andy Parkinson endured weeks of ferocious cold and wind that drove shards of ice into his face. Britain’s only native rabbit species, on the other hand, is utterly at home in these inhospitable conditions. Groups of 20 or more hares gather each winter to nibble heather on leeward slopes, where the snow tends to be shallower. Before resting, they jump away from their tracks to confuse predators. And while some ride out storms in burrows or depressions, this female created her own shelter, tucking herself into a ball to conserve heat and minimize exposure to the elements. It’s a nifty strategy for surviving the kind of weather that drives most creatures indoors or underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their fortitude, mountain hares are Britain’s fastest-declining mammal, due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. Parkinson hopes that calling attention to these remarkable rabbits will convince legislators to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mushroom Magic \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Agorastos Papatsanis\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Landscapes, Waterscapes, & Flora Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the ethereal appearance of this photo, these edible mushrooms (\u003cem>Macrolepiota procera\u003c/em>) won’t induce any hallucinations. But that doesn’t mean they aren’t magical. Indeed, the more we learn about mushrooms, the more magic they seem to harbor. From \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_10\">helping trees communicate\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814613000526\">producing cancer-fighting metabolites\u003c/a>, scientists have only begun to uncover the fantastic features of fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root of many of these capabilities is the unique role that mushrooms play in the environment. As primary decomposers, mushrooms break down the organic matter of dead plants and animals. In return, the fungi become flush with essential nutrients and minerals, a number of which can confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer benefits to humans. This same ability also makes mushrooms \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257992155_Uses_of_mushrooms_in_bioremediation_A_Review\">exceptional environmental remediators\u003c/a>, ingesting the toxins and heavy metals that various industrial practices have leached into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pond Skim \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Piotr Naskrecki\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Winged Life Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964148\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Gorongosa National Park, at the southern tip of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, water breathes with the seasons. Lakes and rivers that overflow during the winter months are reduced to puddles and trickles come summer. For many species — including the Mozambique long-fingered bat (\u003cem>Miniopterus mossambicus\u003c/em>) — the dry season means longer journeys for a much-needed sip of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our planet warms and droughts increase in both frequency and intensity, the seasonal oases that bats depend on are drying up. Without adequate water, healthy bats begin to weaken, making them more susceptible to diseases that are already devastating populations around the world. Those that survive are sometimes forced to drink from human-made bodies of water — a boon for bats, but a potential risk for people who drink from those same water sources, since bats carry a host of zoonotic diseases. It’s often at these interspecies interfaces that killers like Ebola and the novel coronavirus emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speed and Strategy \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Yi Liu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Terrestrial Wildlife Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964149\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they’re the fastest land animals in the world, catching prey is no easy feat for a cheetah (\u003cem>Acinonyx jubatus\u003c/em>). The mostly treeless terrain of the African savanna gives antelopes, impalas, and other ungulates ample time to spot approaching predators, and even a slight head start can be the difference between life and death. To avoid alerting their prey, cheetahs start out hunting low to the ground, where their spotted coat helps them blend into the terrain. When they get within 60 meters (200 feet) of their target, cheetahs accelerate at a blistering pace, reaching 95 kilometers (60 miles) per hour in a matter of seconds. But the feline predators still have to account for the speed of their prey — in this case an impala (\u003cem>Aepyceros melampus\u003c/em>), which can zigzag at upward of 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. To close the gap, this cheetah tripped its quarry as it attempted to escape, proving that sometimes, strategy is just as important as speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Cost of Cats \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Jak Wonderly\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Human/Nature Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-768x544.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the staff at WildCare, a California animal rescue organization, is tasked with rehabilitating hundreds of birds and other wild animals mauled by outdoor house cats. The 200 pictured here did not survive. “I wanted to create an image to show some of the impacts our pets have on the wildlife around our homes,” says Jak Wonderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those impacts is a world with less birdsong. In the United States alone, more than 2 billion birds are killed by cats annually. Other nations, including Australia and New Zealand, have tried to protect native wildlife by imposing restrictions on cat owners, such as “cat curfews” that require cats to be indoors after dark. But because such measures are unlikely to gain traction in North America, Wonderly took this devastating photo. By illustrating the suffering that free-roaming house cats cause, he hopes to spark discussion about alternative solutions for reducing the death toll caused by our pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from \u003ca href=\"http://biographic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine published by San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">A federal court on Monday temporarily blocked the Trump administration’s efforts to pump more water to the agricultural Central Valley, which critics said would threaten endangered species and salmon runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">A judge issued a preliminary injunction in two lawsuits brought against the administration by California’s Natural Resources Agency and Environmental Protection Agency, and by a half-dozen environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">The order bars the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation until May 31 from going ahead with expanding the amount of water it pumps from the San Joaquin Delta through the federal Central Valley Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">The suits argued that the exports would cause irreparable harm to species protected by state and federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">President Donald Trump has denounced rules meant to ensure that enough fresh water stayed in rivers and the San Francisco Bay to sustain more than a dozen endangered fish and other native species, which are struggling as agriculture and development diverts more water and land from wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">But especially in the wake of a long drought, farmers in the Central Valley — a Republican enclave in a Democrat-controlled state — are thirsty for more water. The valley is the heartland for the state’s $50 billion agricultural industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">The administration says its proposed changes will allow for more flexibility in water deliveries. In California’s heavily engineered water system, giant state and federal water projects made up of hundreds of miles of pipes, canals, pumps and dams, carry runoff from rain and Sierra Nevada snow melt from north to south — and serve as the field of battle for lawsuits and regional political fights over competing demands for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">“Today’s victory is critical, but the fight is not over,” state Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in a statement. “We have the facts, science, and the law behind us, and we look forward to making our case in court.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">A federal court on Monday temporarily blocked the Trump administration’s efforts to pump more water to the agricultural Central Valley, which critics said would threaten endangered species and salmon runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">A judge issued a preliminary injunction in two lawsuits brought against the administration by California’s Natural Resources Agency and Environmental Protection Agency, and by a half-dozen environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">The order bars the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation until May 31 from going ahead with expanding the amount of water it pumps from the San Joaquin Delta through the federal Central Valley Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">The suits argued that the exports would cause irreparable harm to species protected by state and federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">President Donald Trump has denounced rules meant to ensure that enough fresh water stayed in rivers and the San Francisco Bay to sustain more than a dozen endangered fish and other native species, which are struggling as agriculture and development diverts more water and land from wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">But especially in the wake of a long drought, farmers in the Central Valley — a Republican enclave in a Democrat-controlled state — are thirsty for more water. The valley is the heartland for the state’s $50 billion agricultural industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">The administration says its proposed changes will allow for more flexibility in water deliveries. In California’s heavily engineered water system, giant state and federal water projects made up of hundreds of miles of pipes, canals, pumps and dams, carry runoff from rain and Sierra Nevada snow melt from north to south — and serve as the field of battle for lawsuits and regional political fights over competing demands for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-42 Component-p-0-2-34\">“Today’s victory is critical, but the fight is not over,” state Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in a statement. “We have the facts, science, and the law behind us, and we look forward to making our case in court.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coronavirus Forces Huge Number of Californians Off Road, as Tele-Everything Becomes New Climate Option",
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"content": "\u003ch4>\u003cem>California’s stay-at-home order has provided a window into a world in which cars are off the road and California’s climate goals are more attainable. But how can the state retain some of these gains once the pandemic ends?\u003c/em>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">L\u003c/span>ike many people, Hannah Gordon has been working from home, courtesy of the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Some things haven’t changed all that much. She can access the same project management software from her duplex, and she uses Google’s video conferencing service to attend meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But there is one big difference: the lack of a commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gordon, 28, doesn’t miss it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Before the pandemic, she trekked every day from the East Bay to her office in the Dogpatch neighborhood of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation='Kate Gordon, director Governor’s Office of Planning and Research']“I think a lot of people go immediately to: ‘Oh, if we just had only electric cars, and everything would be fine. But what we’ve found in looking at the models is that you actually really do have to reduce the amount that people have to travel…”[/pullquote]Taking public transit ate up about an hour-and-a-half each way, including either a drive to the Rockridge BART station, where she had to pay for parking, or a long walk home alone, in the dark. So she started driving to the city instead. Traffic can be grueling and unpredictable, and she left early to give herself time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“For however long we’re going to be doing this, it is one thing I am grateful for,” Gordon said, about working from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Another positive development: Because she’s not driving, you can subtract the carbon emissions she would have been adding to the already catastrophic global total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>A Major Driving Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California’s statewide stay-at-home order to slow the spread of the coronavirus is providing Californians with a window into a world in which the majority of cars are off the road. Environmentally, it’s been a boon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the UC Davis Road Ecology Center \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/files/content/projects/COVID_CHIPs_Impacts_updated_430.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">found\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that after a statewide stay-at-home order in March and mid-April, the total vehicle miles traveled in the state declined by 75%, with a corresponding reduction in planet-warming gases and smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., the researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11815709/reduced-travel-causing-big-drop-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-study-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">found\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a 71% drop in car travel,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>which they estimate could amount to a 4% decrease in total greenhouse gas emissions for the country this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Vehicle miles are considered by policymakers a key indicator of more than just how much people are driving, but also health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“That’s a great benefit,” said Fraser Shilling, co-director of the Road Ecology Center, about the plummeting time on the road. “Now, if it all rebounds, if we keep driving the way we used to, we’ll have had one good year, and then it’ll go back to what it was before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1963717\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1963717 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/2020CO2Peak_Monthly_en_title_lg-e1588809409138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Central\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">That would not solve anything. While emissions have dropped during the pandemic, they \u003ca href=\"https://medialibrary.climatecentral.org/resources/co2-and-the-climate-curve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">still added\u003c/a> to the overall concentration of carbon in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Shilling said the lessons to take out of the pandemic need to be applied to the climate crisis, including the reduction in driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’re going to learn a lot during this intervening period. How do we telecommute? How do we arrange our work at home? Our shopping trips? All of our travel in a different way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He likened mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic to reducing the harm from climate change in that they are both a “survival goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Global CO2 Drop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The International Energy Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020/global-energy-and-co2-emissions-in-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">forecasts\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a whopping 8% global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 compared to 2019, which would be an unprecedented drop since measurements have been taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The rapid decline is “set to be almost twice as large as all previous declines since the end of World War II combined,” the agency wrote.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation='Fraser Shilling, co-director UC Davis Road Ecology Center ']‘That’s a great benefit. Now, if it all rebounds, if we keep driving the way we used to, we’ll have had one good year, and then it’ll go back to what it was before.’[/pullquote]The reduction in carbon emissions has put the world on an early track to meet a \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/cut-global-emissions-by-76-percent-every-year-for-next-decade-to-meet-15degc-paris-target-un-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">target\u003c/span>\u003c/a> outlined in the Paris climate agreement, which was designed to avoid a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.5 C rise in global warming\u003c/a> and even more severe environmental consequences. In November, the United Nations said emissions had to drop at least 7.6% per year through 2030 if the world was to have a chance of meeting the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The burning of fossil fuels for heat and energy is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.c2es.org/content/international-emissions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">main\u003c/span>\u003c/a> source of carbon dioxide, and the steep drop in demand for energy due to whole economies shutting down is the primary factor behind reduced emissions during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Less impactful on a global basis is the sharp decline in driving and flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, however, the reduction in driving has a bigger impact because the state already requires its investor-owned utilities to use renewable energy, a mandate that led to a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/942b5a251fac413a84fc4eb93a67c46c/California-meets-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal-years-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reduction of its\u003c/span>\u003c/a> carbon emissions below the 1990 level two years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California’s energy efficiency \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/building-energy-efficiency-standards/2019-building-energy-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a> are among the strongest in the country, and its landmark cap-and-trade program requires companies to pay for the right to emit greenhouse gases while lowering the overall limits on emissions over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>An Intractable Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Reducing the amount of time Californians have to spend driving is the state’s climate white whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For three decades, California has tried and failed to significantly reduce transportation emissions with policies that require cleaner gasoline; promote public transit and dense urban development; restrict tailpipe pollution; and incentivize the use of electric vehicles. Transportation-related emissions still haven’t peaked, and they’re the leading source of greenhouse gases in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Mary Nichols, the state’s top air regulator, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climatechange-california-insight-idUSKCN1PQ4MJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">admitted\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the state’s failure on transportation emissions to Reuters last year. “The strategies that we’ve used up until now just haven’t been effective,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seemingly intractable problem of vehicle emissions stems in part from decades-old urban planning decisions that allowed Los Angeles and other communities to build sprawling suburbs of single-family homes, one reason that so many workers are now forced to grin-and-bear hourslong commutes.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, the state was falling behind on meeting its 2030 target of reducing carbon emissions by 40% from 1990 levels, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by Beacon Economics commissioned by Next 10, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that works on economic and environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A key problem: more Californians driving more miles in less fuel-efficient trucks and SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The UC Davis Road Ecology Center report found that the shutdown order has, at least temporarily, put the state on track to reach this target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tele-Everything\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During this stay-at-home period, it’s not just workers in offices and other places of business who have been subtracted from streets and highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visits to medical offices are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1963133/telehealth-is-having-a-huge-moment-during-coronavirus-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">way down\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as patients and doctors have been forced to make massive use of telehealth tools for diagnoses. Since schools are closed, no one is taking their car to drop off their kids, instead relying on whatever distance learning capability their districts are offering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Academic conferences have moved online, too, which some organizers\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2020/04/covid-19-forces-conferences-online-scientists-discover-upsides-virtual-format?utm_campaign=news_daily_2020-04-28&et_rid=566128243&et_cid=3306149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> say \u003c/span>\u003c/a>could become the new normal as virtual meetings present an opportunity to reach a wider audience while reducing the carbon footprint of an event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Kate Gordon, director of the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, says this mass, unintentional experiment in staying home has highlighted an argument climate advocates should pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a long time, we have been saying, we need to think about broadband and telework as opportunities to reduce vehicle miles traveled,” she said. “And that connection has not been as clear in the mind of a lot of climate policy people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Traditionally, Gordon says, it’s electrification that has been the solution of choice for decarbonizing the transportation sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think a lot of people go immediately to: ‘Oh, if we just had only electric cars, and everything would be fine,’” she said. “But what we’ve found in looking at the models is that you actually really do have to reduce the amount that people have to travel around the state because it has all these other associated emissions impacts, as well as being high polluting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Across the country, internet usage surged when states began ordering people to stay at home. Network providers reported a rise in usage of 20-35% in the end of March and early April, according to the Federal Communications Commission.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>Much of the spike stems from increased demand in suburban, exurban and residential areas during daytime hours, likely from people who can log in and work from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gordon says California can support telecommuting by increasing broadband access and making nuts-and-bolts administrative changes that allow people to attend parole hearings, visit the DMV or perform other government functions online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When the economy opens up again, she thinks, the state can sustain some of the emission reductions by investing in systems that promote telecommuting, teleconferencing, teletrips … basically, tele-everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The more options people have to not do their long commutes, the better for air quality and the better for our overall emissions profile,” she said. “Universal fast internet access is part of what makes teleworking even possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Digital Divide\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">One roadblock to a tele-everything California is that it suffers from a vast digital divide, with high-speed internet access available in many of the state’s bustling urban centers, but not in remote areas in Northern California, the Central Valley and Inland Empire.\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1963721\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019.jpg 1275w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-1020x1320.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, people who could telecommute tended to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/04/06/telecommuting-will-likely-continue-long-after-the-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">white-collar workers with higher incomes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and that has held true during the pandemic, according to a Brookings Institute \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/04/06/telecommuting-will-likely-continue-long-after-the-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nowhere is that divide felt more acutely than in the schools. For example, Oakland has been offering online classes for weeks, but many students there still \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/04/28/oakland-parents-teachers-call-on-mayor-district-to-guarantee-internet-access-for-all-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">lack access\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Businesses Adapt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During the shutdown, businesses have found new ways to keep the economic train lurching forward, says Rufus Jeffris, senior vice president of communications for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareacouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bay Area Council\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an advocacy group that has long pushed for policies to reduce solo commuters on roads and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Those who have fast internet setups have been able to adapt to working from home, leaning on an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/950cccc45ddddb919b3eaa629a3e6688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">ever-growing\u003c/span>\u003c/a> roster of video conferencing applications like Zoom, which has seen its stock price soar during the pandemic, from $68.72 a share on Jan. 2 to a peak\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>of $181.50 on April 24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said although it will be “interesting to see whether this cements work-from-home practices more broadly,” he doesn’t think telecommuting can substitute for the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Business and the economy are taking a big hit right now,” he said. “We have to figure out how to save lives, but also save livelihoods. Businesses want to follow the public health and science behind this, but business leaders are eager to get to work and start figuring out safe ways to reopen as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Sunrun, a leading residential solar company, is one business that has been able to change its work protocols to stay operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Getting a solar unit onto a customer’s house usually\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>begins with an employee scouting a home to site solar panels. Now, it’s the customers who are snapping their own photos with smartphones, sending them in to the company in an effort to limit human contact, says Anne Hoskins, Sunrun’s chief policy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of submitting permitting documents to planning departments in person, company representatives send them electronically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We even went a step further with some of the permitting offices and said, ‘We think you could do the inspection remotely. We can do it by camera and with you on the other side.’ And some offices agreed to that, as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Hoskins thinks this remote work could speed up the process and improve government permitting even after the stay-at-home orders are lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>What Happens After State Order Lifted?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Which experiments in telecommuting will be maintained on a widespread basis after people eventually go back to some semblance of their pre-pandemic lives remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In the back of the mind of UC Davis’ Shilling is a “nascent irritation” that California is “going to reverse path and take us right back to the place we were before and not learn these lessons,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his colleagues express this cynicism when he talks about the\u003cbr>\n“optimistic projection” that the state can use this moment to change driving behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say: ‘Oh, no, we’re just going to go back to what we were doing before,’” Shilling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But this is too fatalistic, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like running along the edge of a cliff,” he said. “Because that’s essentially what we’re doing as a species and as a society. And if you just have this idea, I’m going to fall off the cliff and die, then you may increase your chances of doing that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“But if you are more optimistic and say: ‘I’m not going to fall, I’m going to try really hard to not fall off the cliff, then maybe you’re more likely to succeed. To me, being optimistic is a better survival strategy.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California’s stay-at-home order has provided a window into a world in which cars are off the road and the state's climate goals are more attainable. But how can the state retain some of these gains once the pandemic ends?",
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"title": "Coronavirus Forces Huge Number of Californians Off Road, as Tele-Everything Becomes New Climate Option | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch4>\u003cem>California’s stay-at-home order has provided a window into a world in which cars are off the road and California’s climate goals are more attainable. But how can the state retain some of these gains once the pandemic ends?\u003c/em>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">L\u003c/span>ike many people, Hannah Gordon has been working from home, courtesy of the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Some things haven’t changed all that much. She can access the same project management software from her duplex, and she uses Google’s video conferencing service to attend meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But there is one big difference: the lack of a commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gordon, 28, doesn’t miss it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Before the pandemic, she trekked every day from the East Bay to her office in the Dogpatch neighborhood of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Taking public transit ate up about an hour-and-a-half each way, including either a drive to the Rockridge BART station, where she had to pay for parking, or a long walk home alone, in the dark. So she started driving to the city instead. Traffic can be grueling and unpredictable, and she left early to give herself time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“For however long we’re going to be doing this, it is one thing I am grateful for,” Gordon said, about working from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Another positive development: Because she’s not driving, you can subtract the carbon emissions she would have been adding to the already catastrophic global total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>A Major Driving Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California’s statewide stay-at-home order to slow the spread of the coronavirus is providing Californians with a window into a world in which the majority of cars are off the road. Environmentally, it’s been a boon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the UC Davis Road Ecology Center \u003ca href=\"https://roadecology.ucdavis.edu/files/content/projects/COVID_CHIPs_Impacts_updated_430.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">found\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that after a statewide stay-at-home order in March and mid-April, the total vehicle miles traveled in the state declined by 75%, with a corresponding reduction in planet-warming gases and smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the U.S., the researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11815709/reduced-travel-causing-big-drop-in-greenhouse-gas-emissions-study-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">found\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a 71% drop in car travel,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>which they estimate could amount to a 4% decrease in total greenhouse gas emissions for the country this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Vehicle miles are considered by policymakers a key indicator of more than just how much people are driving, but also health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“That’s a great benefit,” said Fraser Shilling, co-director of the Road Ecology Center, about the plummeting time on the road. “Now, if it all rebounds, if we keep driving the way we used to, we’ll have had one good year, and then it’ll go back to what it was before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1963717\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1963717 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/2020CO2Peak_Monthly_en_title_lg-e1588809409138.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Central\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">That would not solve anything. While emissions have dropped during the pandemic, they \u003ca href=\"https://medialibrary.climatecentral.org/resources/co2-and-the-climate-curve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">still added\u003c/a> to the overall concentration of carbon in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Shilling said the lessons to take out of the pandemic need to be applied to the climate crisis, including the reduction in driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think we’re going to learn a lot during this intervening period. How do we telecommute? How do we arrange our work at home? Our shopping trips? All of our travel in a different way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He likened mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic to reducing the harm from climate change in that they are both a “survival goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Global CO2 Drop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The International Energy Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020/global-energy-and-co2-emissions-in-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">forecasts\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a whopping 8% global reduction in greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 compared to 2019, which would be an unprecedented drop since measurements have been taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The rapid decline is “set to be almost twice as large as all previous declines since the end of World War II combined,” the agency wrote.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘That’s a great benefit. Now, if it all rebounds, if we keep driving the way we used to, we’ll have had one good year, and then it’ll go back to what it was before.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The reduction in carbon emissions has put the world on an early track to meet a \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/cut-global-emissions-by-76-percent-every-year-for-next-decade-to-meet-15degc-paris-target-un-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">target\u003c/span>\u003c/a> outlined in the Paris climate agreement, which was designed to avoid a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1.5 C rise in global warming\u003c/a> and even more severe environmental consequences. In November, the United Nations said emissions had to drop at least 7.6% per year through 2030 if the world was to have a chance of meeting the goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The burning of fossil fuels for heat and energy is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.c2es.org/content/international-emissions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">main\u003c/span>\u003c/a> source of carbon dioxide, and the steep drop in demand for energy due to whole economies shutting down is the primary factor behind reduced emissions during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Less impactful on a global basis is the sharp decline in driving and flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, however, the reduction in driving has a bigger impact because the state already requires its investor-owned utilities to use renewable energy, a mandate that led to a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/942b5a251fac413a84fc4eb93a67c46c/California-meets-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal-years-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">reduction of its\u003c/span>\u003c/a> carbon emissions below the 1990 level two years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California’s energy efficiency \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/programs/building-energy-efficiency-standards/2019-building-energy-efficiency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a> are among the strongest in the country, and its landmark cap-and-trade program requires companies to pay for the right to emit greenhouse gases while lowering the overall limits on emissions over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>An Intractable Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Reducing the amount of time Californians have to spend driving is the state’s climate white whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">For three decades, California has tried and failed to significantly reduce transportation emissions with policies that require cleaner gasoline; promote public transit and dense urban development; restrict tailpipe pollution; and incentivize the use of electric vehicles. Transportation-related emissions still haven’t peaked, and they’re the leading source of greenhouse gases in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Mary Nichols, the state’s top air regulator, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-climatechange-california-insight-idUSKCN1PQ4MJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">admitted\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the state’s failure on transportation emissions to Reuters last year. “The strategies that we’ve used up until now just haven’t been effective,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seemingly intractable problem of vehicle emissions stems in part from decades-old urban planning decisions that allowed Los Angeles and other communities to build sprawling suburbs of single-family homes, one reason that so many workers are now forced to grin-and-bear hourslong commutes.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, the state was falling behind on meeting its 2030 target of reducing carbon emissions by 40% from 1990 levels, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by Beacon Economics commissioned by Next 10, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that works on economic and environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A key problem: more Californians driving more miles in less fuel-efficient trucks and SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The UC Davis Road Ecology Center report found that the shutdown order has, at least temporarily, put the state on track to reach this target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tele-Everything\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During this stay-at-home period, it’s not just workers in offices and other places of business who have been subtracted from streets and highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visits to medical offices are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1963133/telehealth-is-having-a-huge-moment-during-coronavirus-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">way down\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as patients and doctors have been forced to make massive use of telehealth tools for diagnoses. Since schools are closed, no one is taking their car to drop off their kids, instead relying on whatever distance learning capability their districts are offering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Academic conferences have moved online, too, which some organizers\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2020/04/covid-19-forces-conferences-online-scientists-discover-upsides-virtual-format?utm_campaign=news_daily_2020-04-28&et_rid=566128243&et_cid=3306149\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> say \u003c/span>\u003c/a>could become the new normal as virtual meetings present an opportunity to reach a wider audience while reducing the carbon footprint of an event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Kate Gordon, director of the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research, says this mass, unintentional experiment in staying home has highlighted an argument climate advocates should pay attention to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a long time, we have been saying, we need to think about broadband and telework as opportunities to reduce vehicle miles traveled,” she said. “And that connection has not been as clear in the mind of a lot of climate policy people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Traditionally, Gordon says, it’s electrification that has been the solution of choice for decarbonizing the transportation sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“I think a lot of people go immediately to: ‘Oh, if we just had only electric cars, and everything would be fine,’” she said. “But what we’ve found in looking at the models is that you actually really do have to reduce the amount that people have to travel around the state because it has all these other associated emissions impacts, as well as being high polluting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Across the country, internet usage surged when states began ordering people to stay at home. Network providers reported a rise in usage of 20-35% in the end of March and early April, according to the Federal Communications Commission.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>Much of the spike stems from increased demand in suburban, exurban and residential areas during daytime hours, likely from people who can log in and work from home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Gordon says California can support telecommuting by increasing broadband access and making nuts-and-bolts administrative changes that allow people to attend parole hearings, visit the DMV or perform other government functions online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When the economy opens up again, she thinks, the state can sustain some of the emission reductions by investing in systems that promote telecommuting, teleconferencing, teletrips … basically, tele-everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The more options people have to not do their long commutes, the better for air quality and the better for our overall emissions profile,” she said. “Universal fast internet access is part of what makes teleworking even possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Digital Divide\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">One roadblock to a tele-everything California is that it suffers from a vast digital divide, with high-speed internet access available in many of the state’s bustling urban centers, but not in remote areas in Northern California, the Central Valley and Inland Empire.\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1963721\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"372\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019.jpg 1275w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/CA_BB_Fixed_Downstream_Consumer_2019-1020x1320.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, people who could telecommute tended to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/04/06/telecommuting-will-likely-continue-long-after-the-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">white-collar workers with higher incomes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and that has held true during the pandemic, according to a Brookings Institute \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/04/06/telecommuting-will-likely-continue-long-after-the-pandemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Nowhere is that divide felt more acutely than in the schools. For example, Oakland has been offering online classes for weeks, but many students there still \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/04/28/oakland-parents-teachers-call-on-mayor-district-to-guarantee-internet-access-for-all-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">lack access\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Businesses Adapt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">During the shutdown, businesses have found new ways to keep the economic train lurching forward, says Rufus Jeffris, senior vice president of communications for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bayareacouncil.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bay Area Council\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an advocacy group that has long pushed for policies to reduce solo commuters on roads and freeways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Those who have fast internet setups have been able to adapt to working from home, leaning on an \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/950cccc45ddddb919b3eaa629a3e6688\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">ever-growing\u003c/span>\u003c/a> roster of video conferencing applications like Zoom, which has seen its stock price soar during the pandemic, from $68.72 a share on Jan. 2 to a peak\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>of $181.50 on April 24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said although it will be “interesting to see whether this cements work-from-home practices more broadly,” he doesn’t think telecommuting can substitute for the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Business and the economy are taking a big hit right now,” he said. “We have to figure out how to save lives, but also save livelihoods. Businesses want to follow the public health and science behind this, but business leaders are eager to get to work and start figuring out safe ways to reopen as soon as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Sunrun, a leading residential solar company, is one business that has been able to change its work protocols to stay operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Getting a solar unit onto a customer’s house usually\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>begins with an employee scouting a home to site solar panels. Now, it’s the customers who are snapping their own photos with smartphones, sending them in to the company in an effort to limit human contact, says Anne Hoskins, Sunrun’s chief policy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of submitting permitting documents to planning departments in person, company representatives send them electronically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We even went a step further with some of the permitting offices and said, ‘We think you could do the inspection remotely. We can do it by camera and with you on the other side.’ And some offices agreed to that, as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Hoskins thinks this remote work could speed up the process and improve government permitting even after the stay-at-home orders are lifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>What Happens After State Order Lifted?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Which experiments in telecommuting will be maintained on a widespread basis after people eventually go back to some semblance of their pre-pandemic lives remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In the back of the mind of UC Davis’ Shilling is a “nascent irritation” that California is “going to reverse path and take us right back to the place we were before and not learn these lessons,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his colleagues express this cynicism when he talks about the\u003cbr>\n“optimistic projection” that the state can use this moment to change driving behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say: ‘Oh, no, we’re just going to go back to what we were doing before,’” Shilling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But this is too fatalistic, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like running along the edge of a cliff,” he said. “Because that’s essentially what we’re doing as a species and as a society. And if you just have this idea, I’m going to fall off the cliff and die, then you may increase your chances of doing that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“But if you are more optimistic and say: ‘I’m not going to fall, I’m going to try really hard to not fall off the cliff, then maybe you’re more likely to succeed. To me, being optimistic is a better survival strategy.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Video: Scientists Scramble to Keep Fungi, Mammal, Plant Collections Alive During Pandemic",
"headTitle": "Video: Scientists Scramble to Keep Fungi, Mammal, Plant Collections Alive During Pandemic | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VSCM-GYmCsE&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During World War II, a devoted group of botanists guarded \u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/vavilov-research-institute-of-plant-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the world’s oldest collection of plants\u003c/a> over the 28-month-long siege of Leningrad. Nearly a dozen of them starved to death, valuing the survival of the collection over their temptation to eat seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These scientists at the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry in what is today St. Petersburg, Russia displayed extraordinary dedication to ensure an invaluable biological collection had a future, even when they did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tragic story resonates with many scientists today who have dedicated careers to cataloging and preserving Earth’s biological diversity. Many are risking their personal health during the coronavirus pandemic to ensure the survival of awe-inspiring assemblages of algae, arthropods, bacteria, fungi, mammals, plants, viruses and fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staying on top of these collections is time-consuming during the best of times, and this task becomes even more complex in the age of social distancing. Yet hundreds of scientists across the United States are doing just that, maintaining everything from crickets, to tissue cultures, mice, powdery mildews, nematodes, psyllids, zebrafish and even rust fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worth the Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a beloved backyard garden, these collections must be constantly nurtured. They need to be ready to accommodate new specimens but also relinquish those that are no longer viable. Such collections have taken lifetimes to build, as specimens are painstakingly acquired and undergo observation, purification and scrutiny of genetics and measurable traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cg6LRZYAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra\">Scientists\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8NN2ZEUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">like\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.lovettbr.com/about\">us\u003c/a> collect what we do partly because these organisms inspire our research and capture our imaginations. But just as importantly, these collections are significant to society and its advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seed vaults, like the St. Petersburg plant collection, safely store bygone seeds with unique traits that can be plucked from dormancy and bred with modern varieties to improve them. Within other collections, similar secrets await discovery with potential insights into human disease, microbiology and food biosecurity. As modern science techniques like genome sequencing continue to advance, researchers will certainly learn more from these living collections and further increase their value to humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living collections are typically housed within academic or government labs but are generally accessible to the broader scientific community. Funding for maintenance often comes from the public, with many collections relying on the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health for support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hidden costs of living collections are often shouldered by collections managers and staff. No one sees the days or even months curators and technical workers spend cultivating a single unique organism or colony, the holidays spent setting up cages, the weekends changing food, providing water, and, yes, picking up waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a lot of labor and technical skill to keep collections alive and solvent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Own Living Collections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a global pandemic, this unassuming work becomes even more difficult. Many scientists have been left scrambling to justify the importance of their collections to their administrations in order to gain laboratory access during social distancing restrictions. We know this because we’re spending our time maintaining living collections of our own here at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">West Virginia University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We maintain \u003ca href=\"https://invam.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">INVAM\u003c/a>, the world’s largest collection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These are fungi that have formed an intimate beneficial partnership with plant roots – so intimate that they can be cultured only on a living plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To maintain our collection of more than 900 individual strains, these fungi must be individually partnered with their plant hosts. Then the plants must be maintained in greenhouses for several months each year. With 250 to 300 isolates cultured every three months and watered daily, this is a serious time commitment. We also need to support commercial sales, which are part of the collection, problematic cultures that need special attention, and research projects that require additional space, labor and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the many challenges, it is worth this effort because our collection provides scientists with an unparalleled resource to ask questions about how these close partnerships evolve and how they can be leveraged to grow healthier food and fitter crops now and under our changing environment now and in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere on campus, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.as.wvu.edu/~rrio/Site/Welcome.html\">Rio lab\u003c/a> maintains one of only two tsetse fly colonies in the United States. These bloodthirsty flies transmit parasites that cause some of the most devastating neglected diseases. These colonies are critical to advancing scientists’ understanding of fly biology and parasite interactions and \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/trypanosomiasis_african/disease/vector/en/\">for devising novel pest control strategies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These finicky insects are constantly in search of blood and require feeding multiple times a week, no matter what is happening in the world. Like people, individual tsetse flies have a low number of offspring. This means it’s important to keep tsetse fly numbers high in colonies to promote genetic diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping Collections Alive During a Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep collections going while observing social distancing rules, scientists seem to have taken two approaches: Put collections into “hibernation” or bring them home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For regulatory and logistical reasons, we could not bring our collections home, so we’ve carefully planned the minimum required maintenance to limit personnel required and the number of visits to the university. Our goal is simply to usher as many fungal strains or flies through this human public health crisis as possible without conducting experiments or growing our collections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish this, we’ve had to justify our status as essential employees to our university. We go in wearing masks and scrupulously disinfect shared surfaces. We not only coordinate with other essential personnel to ensure that we’re on campus at different times, but use different routes through the building. We do this to protect our communities, while also protecting scientific resources that have consumed considerable time and effort to amass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other option is to bring collections home. This works for organisms that take up little space and can leave the confines of a laboratory, unlike permit-regulated tsetse flies, and can handle the conditions of our households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/B-Ib4RQnl7a/?utm_source=ig_web_button_share_sheet\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This short-term solution allows more effective social distancing but presents new logistical challenges. Imagine sharing your home with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StegoSteven/status/1248386916455600129?s=20\">a few hundred social spiders\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/prairie_rex/status/1248456728481370113?s=20\">400 overwintering Boisduval’s butterflies\u003c/a> or even \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AndiFischer10/status/1248750956960813056?s=20\">1,500 widow spiders\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though their scientist caretakers are well suited to deal with the challenges of rearing these organisms at home, they’re still faced with difficult questions. Where do you store them? How will you secure enough food to weather this ambiguous period of self-isolation? How do you keep your cats or kids out of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LehmanWeiss/status/1248677843569004545?s=20\">incubators full of flour beetles\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The imposition of bringing a colony of insects home or jumping through risky hoops to visit collections living in the lab is well worth it for scientists like us. The effort necessary during this pandemic to literally keep science alive is justified by the value these collections provide to researchers and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/scientists-are-working-to-protect-invaluable-living-collections-during-coronavirus-lockdowns-136108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Video: Scientists Scramble to Keep Fungi, Mammal, Plant Collections Alive During Pandemic",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/VSCM-GYmCsE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/VSCM-GYmCsE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>During World War II, a devoted group of botanists guarded \u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/vavilov-research-institute-of-plant-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the world’s oldest collection of plants\u003c/a> over the 28-month-long siege of Leningrad. Nearly a dozen of them starved to death, valuing the survival of the collection over their temptation to eat seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These scientists at the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry in what is today St. Petersburg, Russia displayed extraordinary dedication to ensure an invaluable biological collection had a future, even when they did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tragic story resonates with many scientists today who have dedicated careers to cataloging and preserving Earth’s biological diversity. Many are risking their personal health during the coronavirus pandemic to ensure the survival of awe-inspiring assemblages of algae, arthropods, bacteria, fungi, mammals, plants, viruses and fishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staying on top of these collections is time-consuming during the best of times, and this task becomes even more complex in the age of social distancing. Yet hundreds of scientists across the United States are doing just that, maintaining everything from crickets, to tissue cultures, mice, powdery mildews, nematodes, psyllids, zebrafish and even rust fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worth the Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a beloved backyard garden, these collections must be constantly nurtured. They need to be ready to accommodate new specimens but also relinquish those that are no longer viable. Such collections have taken lifetimes to build, as specimens are painstakingly acquired and undergo observation, purification and scrutiny of genetics and measurable traits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=cg6LRZYAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=sra\">Scientists\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=8NN2ZEUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">like\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.lovettbr.com/about\">us\u003c/a> collect what we do partly because these organisms inspire our research and capture our imaginations. But just as importantly, these collections are significant to society and its advancement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seed vaults, like the St. Petersburg plant collection, safely store bygone seeds with unique traits that can be plucked from dormancy and bred with modern varieties to improve them. Within other collections, similar secrets await discovery with potential insights into human disease, microbiology and food biosecurity. As modern science techniques like genome sequencing continue to advance, researchers will certainly learn more from these living collections and further increase their value to humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living collections are typically housed within academic or government labs but are generally accessible to the broader scientific community. Funding for maintenance often comes from the public, with many collections relying on the U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health for support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hidden costs of living collections are often shouldered by collections managers and staff. No one sees the days or even months curators and technical workers spend cultivating a single unique organism or colony, the holidays spent setting up cages, the weekends changing food, providing water, and, yes, picking up waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes a lot of labor and technical skill to keep collections alive and solvent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Own Living Collections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a global pandemic, this unassuming work becomes even more difficult. Many scientists have been left scrambling to justify the importance of their collections to their administrations in order to gain laboratory access during social distancing restrictions. We know this because we’re spending our time maintaining living collections of our own here at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">West Virginia University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We maintain \u003ca href=\"https://invam.wvu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">INVAM\u003c/a>, the world’s largest collection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These are fungi that have formed an intimate beneficial partnership with plant roots – so intimate that they can be cultured only on a living plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To maintain our collection of more than 900 individual strains, these fungi must be individually partnered with their plant hosts. Then the plants must be maintained in greenhouses for several months each year. With 250 to 300 isolates cultured every three months and watered daily, this is a serious time commitment. We also need to support commercial sales, which are part of the collection, problematic cultures that need special attention, and research projects that require additional space, labor and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the many challenges, it is worth this effort because our collection provides scientists with an unparalleled resource to ask questions about how these close partnerships evolve and how they can be leveraged to grow healthier food and fitter crops now and under our changing environment now and in the near future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere on campus, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.as.wvu.edu/~rrio/Site/Welcome.html\">Rio lab\u003c/a> maintains one of only two tsetse fly colonies in the United States. These bloodthirsty flies transmit parasites that cause some of the most devastating neglected diseases. These colonies are critical to advancing scientists’ understanding of fly biology and parasite interactions and \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/trypanosomiasis_african/disease/vector/en/\">for devising novel pest control strategies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These finicky insects are constantly in search of blood and require feeding multiple times a week, no matter what is happening in the world. Like people, individual tsetse flies have a low number of offspring. This means it’s important to keep tsetse fly numbers high in colonies to promote genetic diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping Collections Alive During a Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep collections going while observing social distancing rules, scientists seem to have taken two approaches: Put collections into “hibernation” or bring them home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For regulatory and logistical reasons, we could not bring our collections home, so we’ve carefully planned the minimum required maintenance to limit personnel required and the number of visits to the university. Our goal is simply to usher as many fungal strains or flies through this human public health crisis as possible without conducting experiments or growing our collections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To accomplish this, we’ve had to justify our status as essential employees to our university. We go in wearing masks and scrupulously disinfect shared surfaces. We not only coordinate with other essential personnel to ensure that we’re on campus at different times, but use different routes through the building. We do this to protect our communities, while also protecting scientific resources that have consumed considerable time and effort to amass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other option is to bring collections home. This works for organisms that take up little space and can leave the confines of a laboratory, unlike permit-regulated tsetse flies, and can handle the conditions of our households.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This short-term solution allows more effective social distancing but presents new logistical challenges. Imagine sharing your home with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StegoSteven/status/1248386916455600129?s=20\">a few hundred social spiders\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/prairie_rex/status/1248456728481370113?s=20\">400 overwintering Boisduval’s butterflies\u003c/a> or even \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AndiFischer10/status/1248750956960813056?s=20\">1,500 widow spiders\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though their scientist caretakers are well suited to deal with the challenges of rearing these organisms at home, they’re still faced with difficult questions. Where do you store them? How will you secure enough food to weather this ambiguous period of self-isolation? How do you keep your cats or kids out of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LehmanWeiss/status/1248677843569004545?s=20\">incubators full of flour beetles\u003c/a>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The imposition of bringing a colony of insects home or jumping through risky hoops to visit collections living in the lab is well worth it for scientists like us. The effort necessary during this pandemic to literally keep science alive is justified by the value these collections provide to researchers and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/scientists-are-working-to-protect-invaluable-living-collections-during-coronavirus-lockdowns-136108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1951196\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1951196\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/12/Blue-Marble-Apollo-Earth-1020x1021.jpg\" alt=\"Apollo Earth photo\" width=\"640\" height=\"641\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the Earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew in 1972. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s Environmental Protection Agency is carrying an extra burden these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late March, its federal counterpart said that it would essentially \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/27/trump-pollution-laws-epa-allows-companies-pollute-without-penalty-during-coronavirus\">stop enforcing\u003c/a> environmental regulations for the time being. Couched as a “temporary enforcement discretion policy,” the move was announced as a relief measure for businesses working under contraints forced by the coronavirus pandemic. EPA did not establish a timeline for the stand-down but said \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-enforcement-discretion-policy-covid-19-pandemic\">in its announcement\u003c/a> that it would “assess the continued need for and scope of this temporary policy on a regular basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction among enviromentalists and some former EPA officials was stunned disbelief, with former EPA administrator Gina McCarthy calling it an “\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27032020/coronavirus-covid-19-EPA-API-environmental-enforcement\">open license to pollute\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this 50th Earth Day, KQED’s Craig Miller spoke with \u003cstrong>CalEPA chief \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/about/bios/blumenfeld/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jared Blumenfeld \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>about the EPA’s move and about the relevance of Earth Day, which is 50 years old today. The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking back over the last 50 years, what impact do you think Earth Day has had?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do think that it has had a major impact on policy. Back in 1970, we didn’t have the Clean Air Act, we didn’t have the Clean Water Act, we didn’t have any federal legislation, really, relating to the environment. And people went out on the streets, made their voices heard. And I think it became for the first time a political issue. And it continues to be. At the time it was really bipartisan. So Republican President Nixon signed into law the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency, all these landmark laws that protect water and land. And it really was a factor. Politically, people were worried if they didn’t take action on the environment, they’d be booted out of office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since 1970, I think Earth Day continues to galvanize people and build on that belief that we’re all in this together, and especially now during COVID-19, I mean, we \u003cem>really are\u003c/em> all in this together. And what we can do individually, collectively as school kids or corporations or government, we all have a part to play. I think Earth Day reminds us of that fact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On balance, would you say we’re better or worse off in terms of environmental progress?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the political front. I think we are going, unfortunately, backwards. It’s become a very bipartisan issue at a time where we all realize we’re in this together, and yet it’s been divisive. It’s been used as a wedge issue. So if I had one hope for Earth Day it’s that we really bring people back together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you see the EPA stand-down as an abdication of its responsibilities?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jared Blumenfeld:\u003c/em> I think the federal government did abdicate its responsibility. It really walked away from the enforcement obligations that Congress gave them. And there aren’t really very good reasons for doing that in this case. If there was a specific hardship that an industry could point to, let’s say the restaurant industry has been particularly hurt or retail. I think on a case-by-case basis there’s a reason for looking at that, working with them collaboratively. But to paint with broad brush strokes, exemptions for industry in general makes no sense and is actually damaging to public health and the environment at the very time we need to be bolstering our resilience to cope with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA basically caved immediately to pressure from extractive industries and polluters and said, ‘We’re not going to levy fines, we’re not really going to do enforcement.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there’s now \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html\">more than 90 initiatives\u003c/a> that the Trump administration has taken to roll back protections and standards for human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is not looking for a fight. We really want to work together where we can, and COVID-19’s, a great example of where we’ve been able to collaborate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your agency has pledged to pick up the slack during EPA’s hiatus. Is that an additional burden, especially during a pandemic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we already do. California and local agencies do about 130,000 inspections a year. And the federal government probably does in the in the range of 500 inspections a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example, for instance, is inspecting hazardous facilities like oil refineries. We’re going to work with locals and others to make sure that for those facilities that would pose a larger risk to human health and the environment, we continue to inspect those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Miller is a contributing science editor to KQED, specializing in climate and Earth sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you see the EPA stand-down as an abdication of its responsibilities?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jared Blumenfeld:\u003c/em> I think the federal government did abdicate its responsibility. It really walked away from the enforcement obligations that Congress gave them. And there aren’t really very good reasons for doing that in this case. If there was a specific hardship that an industry could point to, let’s say the restaurant industry has been particularly hurt or retail. I think on a case-by-case basis there’s a reason for looking at that, working with them collaboratively. But to paint with broad brush strokes, exemptions for industry in general makes no sense and is actually damaging to public health and the environment at the very time we need to be bolstering our resilience to cope with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA basically caved immediately to pressure from extractive industries and polluters and said, ‘We’re not going to levy fines, we’re not really going to do enforcement.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there’s now \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html\">more than 90 initiatives\u003c/a> that the Trump administration has taken to roll back protections and standards for human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is not looking for a fight. We really want to work together where we can, and COVID-19’s, a great example of where we’ve been able to collaborate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your agency has pledged to pick up the slack during EPA’s hiatus. Is that an additional burden, especially during a pandemic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we already do. California and local agencies do about 130,000 inspections a year. And the federal government probably does in the in the range of 500 inspections a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example, for instance, is inspecting hazardous facilities like oil refineries. We’re going to work with locals and others to make sure that for those facilities that would pose a larger risk to human health and the environment, we continue to inspect those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Miller is a contributing science editor to KQED, specializing in climate and Earth sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/iANgyT95bmA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep in the Pacific Ocean, six-foot-long Humboldt squid are known for being aggressive, cannibalistic and, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/03/17/1920875117\">new research\u003c/a>, good communicators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxIEspu9qY4\">red devils\u003c/a>,” the squid can rapidly change the color of their skin, making different patterns to communicate, something other squid species are known to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Humboldt squid live in almost total darkness more than 1,000 feet below the surface, so their patterns aren’t very visible. Instead, according to a new study, they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an e-reader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, what blows my mind is there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information,” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt squid crowd together in large, fast-moving groups to feed on small fish and other prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you watch them it looks like frenzy,” Burford said. “But if you pay close attention, they’re not touching each other. They’re not bumping into each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burford and his colleagues studied deep-water footage taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/at-sea/vehicles/remotely-operated-vehicles/\">remotely operated vehicles\u003c/a> off the California coast. They found the squid make around \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/humboldt-squid-signaling/\">30 different patterns\u003c/a> of lines, stripes and patches. The patterns appear dark, but researchers believe they’re illuminated by the squid’s bioluminescent skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Animals can make their own light in dark habitats,” he said. “The squid have clusters of light producing cells. They radiate light within the body tissue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the patterns are only used around other squid, suggesting they’re used for communication. The squid also appear to reorder the patterns, almost like words in a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really exciting because then you can say a whole lot more based on their arrangement,” Burford said. “So, they could for instance say: hey, that fish over there is mine, and I’m the dominant squid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could change the way scientists think about \u003ca href=\"https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/bioluminescence\">bioluminescence\u003c/a>, which is used by many deep sea animals for luring prey or attracting a mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We generally think of deep-sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the National Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside-down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deep ocean is a challenging place to study, so Vecchione said there may be much more complexity to discover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of our planet is deep sea,” he said, “and we don’t know much about it at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Deep+Sea+Squid+Communicate+by+Glowing+Like+E-Readers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iANgyT95bmA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iANgyT95bmA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Deep in the Pacific Ocean, six-foot-long Humboldt squid are known for being aggressive, cannibalistic and, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/03/17/1920875117\">new research\u003c/a>, good communicators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxIEspu9qY4\">red devils\u003c/a>,” the squid can rapidly change the color of their skin, making different patterns to communicate, something other squid species are known to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Humboldt squid live in almost total darkness more than 1,000 feet below the surface, so their patterns aren’t very visible. Instead, according to a new study, they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an e-reader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, what blows my mind is there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information,” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt squid crowd together in large, fast-moving groups to feed on small fish and other prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you watch them it looks like frenzy,” Burford said. “But if you pay close attention, they’re not touching each other. They’re not bumping into each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burford and his colleagues studied deep-water footage taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/at-sea/vehicles/remotely-operated-vehicles/\">remotely operated vehicles\u003c/a> off the California coast. They found the squid make around \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/humboldt-squid-signaling/\">30 different patterns\u003c/a> of lines, stripes and patches. The patterns appear dark, but researchers believe they’re illuminated by the squid’s bioluminescent skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Animals can make their own light in dark habitats,” he said. “The squid have clusters of light producing cells. They radiate light within the body tissue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the patterns are only used around other squid, suggesting they’re used for communication. The squid also appear to reorder the patterns, almost like words in a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really exciting because then you can say a whole lot more based on their arrangement,” Burford said. “So, they could for instance say: hey, that fish over there is mine, and I’m the dominant squid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could change the way scientists think about \u003ca href=\"https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/bioluminescence\">bioluminescence\u003c/a>, which is used by many deep sea animals for luring prey or attracting a mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We generally think of deep-sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the National Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside-down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deep ocean is a challenging place to study, so Vecchione said there may be much more complexity to discover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of our planet is deep sea,” he said, “and we don’t know much about it at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Deep+Sea+Squid+Communicate+by+Glowing+Like+E-Readers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Megadrought Conditions Not Seen for 400+ Years Have Returned to the West, Scientists Say",
"headTitle": "Megadrought Conditions Not Seen for 400+ Years Have Returned to the West, Scientists Say | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For two decades, dry conditions have cooked the West to a crisp. The nearly uninterrupted string of below-average rain years has been punctuated by punishing temperatures that basically go in one direction: up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This warming, research \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944993/study-climate-change-a-leading-driver-of-californias-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">suggests\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, is a key driver of California’s wildfires, and it now appears to have thrust the entire region into an extended long-term “megadrought” worse than any experienced in recorded history, according to an analysis of 1,200 years of tree\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>ring records, a century of weather observations and dozens of climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']The conclusion of the \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6488/314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003ci>Science\u003c/i> corroborates what scientists \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/07/24/medieval-megadroughts-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have long feared and warned policymakers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: Extreme warming will exacerbate any dry spell making it longer, severer and more widespread, and this will bake states in the Western U.S. and areas of Mexico with a punishingly long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">While the occasional wet period, like what California experience in the last water year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-latest-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">punctuates\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a long run of below-average precipitation, for the past two decades the region has been consistently dry and hot. In response, thirsty farms and cities have drawn down the Colorado River, putting the water supply for 40 million people in the state at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the West experienced sustained arid conditions over decades was a 28-year dry spell that ended in the year 1603, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We now have a full, uninterrupted record of soil moisture across western North America that extends from 800 A.D. all the way up to the near present,” said Park Williams, a bioclimatologist at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, who led the study. “That allows us to compare for the first time this drought event to the big megadroughts. And the development of this prolonged drought that began in 2000 looks indistinguishable from those big megadroughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study looked at California, eight other states and Northern Mexico. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>A Worst-Case Scenarios for Water Managers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists have long known that the West suffered in the distant past under anomalous dry periods that lasted for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The region returning to what researchers call a megadrought or a “paleo-drought” is considered to be a worst-case scenario for water managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the region experienced megadroughts in the 9th, 12th, 13th and16th centuries, disrupting Native American cultures. For example, dry conditions are believed to have \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/western-us-could-soon-face-worst-megadrought-millennium-180954238/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">driven\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the Anasazi from their pueblo settlements in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key difference between past and present, Williams says, is that the ancient megadroughts all coincided with long periods of cool water on the ocean surface in the tropical west coast of South America, a natural climate pattern known as \u003ci>La Niña,\u003c/i> which contributes to North American droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>while a mild \u003ci>La Niña\u003c/i> and other natural conditions are playing a role in the current drought, Williams says, rising temperatures are responsible for half the severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming has driven temperatures in the West up by 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit, he says, and hotter air holds more moisture, absorbing it like a sponge from shrubs, trees and the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With past megadroughts, we had these naturally occurring dry years, but those dry years were occurring under a completely different backdrop of temperatures,” Williams said. “Where the last 20 years have been substantially warmer than they would have been without global warming, and a warm atmosphere simply can hold more moisture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angeline Pendergrass, a federal scientist with the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who was not involved in the study, agrees that climate change will make droughts worse, she cautions that it may be too soon to know if the region is entering a true megadrought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis and an expert on California’s water supply, said he thinks it’s “quite likely” that warming temperatures could be pushing the region into a prolonged drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are going into a megadrought, it would look a lot like this,” he said. “And it would be made even worse with higher temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lund was also not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Megadrought, Meet the Most Populous State in the Nation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A megadrought would have huge and potentially catastrophic implications for California’s 40 million people, many of whom live in parched areas of the state. It would also require continuing ingenuity on the part of water managers who maintain substantial reservoirs at Lake Mead and Lake Powell along the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under prolonged conditions of drought, populous cities in California would suffer but would\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>likely be able to adapt, Lund says. while farmers and the state’s natural ecosystems would get the worst of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we do the modeling of these paleo-droughts for California, basically the cities get by okay. They don’t like it. It costs a lot and it hurts,” he said. “But the cities are not affected in their overall prosperity if they’re managed well. It’s agriculture that goes way down, by maybe half. And the ecosystems, they are just sort of in freefall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The 20th century saw California grow to be the most populous state in the nation, says Scott Stine,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>a professor of geography and environmental studies at Cal State East Bay, and that coincided with an especially wet century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built this phenomenal infrastructure, second to none in the world, here in California and in other parts of the West,” he said. “All of it based on the diversion of water and all of it based on the assumption that the 20th century was normal. And the 20th century is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The problem of the present day and the coming droughts is that we are set up to need far more water than we should expect at any time in the coming decades and centuries,” he said. “Particularly with the higher temperatures. We’ve created a monster that we have to continue to feed with water, and the water is just not going to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003cb>Tree Ring Data \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nThe study is based on tree ring data that is painstakingly difficult to obtain, but exceptionally convincing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To collect tree ring data, scientists first must trudge throughout undisturbed forests and lake beds in search of preserved stumps, which provide a window into soil-moisture levels of the distant past. Williams’ team used records from thousands of trees from across the region. Radiocarbon dating and other techniques on the stumps can determine the age of the tree’s annual growth rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s moderate climate, trees grow a single ring each year. In the springtime, after winter rains and snow have soaked the state’s forests, the cells of a tree expand. During the hot summer, they contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expanding and contracting of the cell size is visible in the tree\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>rings. Wet years produce wide rings and dry years thin rings. Researchers can calculate the length of a dry spell by counting the thin rings of a stump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">For example, Stine \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/369546a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">found\u003c/span>\u003c/a> stumps underneath Mono Lake and other places in the Sierra Nevada and elsewhere suggesting \u003c/span>California over the last 1,200 years has\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>weathered two sustained dry spells each lasting \u003ca href=\"http://archive.redding.com/news/past-droughts-in-calif-have-lasted-more-than-200-years-scientists-say-ep-299086669-353588471.html/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">more than a century.\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003cspan class=\"s5\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nIn comparison, dry spells that afflict modern California — as devastating as they can be — have lasted only a few years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The conclusion of the \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6488/314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003ci>Science\u003c/i> corroborates what scientists \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2019/07/24/medieval-megadroughts-climate-change/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have long feared and warned policymakers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>: Extreme warming will exacerbate any dry spell making it longer, severer and more widespread, and this will bake states in the Western U.S. and areas of Mexico with a punishingly long drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">While the occasional wet period, like what California experience in the last water year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-latest-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">punctuates\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a long run of below-average precipitation, for the past two decades the region has been consistently dry and hot. In response, thirsty farms and cities have drawn down the Colorado River, putting the water supply for 40 million people in the state at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the West experienced sustained arid conditions over decades was a 28-year dry spell that ended in the year 1603, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“We now have a full, uninterrupted record of soil moisture across western North America that extends from 800 A.D. all the way up to the near present,” said Park Williams, a bioclimatologist at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, who led the study. “That allows us to compare for the first time this drought event to the big megadroughts. And the development of this prolonged drought that began in 2000 looks indistinguishable from those big megadroughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The study looked at California, eight other states and Northern Mexico. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>A Worst-Case Scenarios for Water Managers\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Scientists have long known that the West suffered in the distant past under anomalous dry periods that lasted for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The region returning to what researchers call a megadrought or a “paleo-drought” is considered to be a worst-case scenario for water managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the region experienced megadroughts in the 9th, 12th, 13th and16th centuries, disrupting Native American cultures. For example, dry conditions are believed to have \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/western-us-could-soon-face-worst-megadrought-millennium-180954238/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">driven\u003c/span>\u003c/a> the Anasazi from their pueblo settlements in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key difference between past and present, Williams says, is that the ancient megadroughts all coincided with long periods of cool water on the ocean surface in the tropical west coast of South America, a natural climate pattern known as \u003ci>La Niña,\u003c/i> which contributes to North American droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>while a mild \u003ci>La Niña\u003c/i> and other natural conditions are playing a role in the current drought, Williams says, rising temperatures are responsible for half the severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming has driven temperatures in the West up by 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit, he says, and hotter air holds more moisture, absorbing it like a sponge from shrubs, trees and the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With past megadroughts, we had these naturally occurring dry years, but those dry years were occurring under a completely different backdrop of temperatures,” Williams said. “Where the last 20 years have been substantially warmer than they would have been without global warming, and a warm atmosphere simply can hold more moisture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angeline Pendergrass, a federal scientist with the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who was not involved in the study, agrees that climate change will make droughts worse, she cautions that it may be too soon to know if the region is entering a true megadrought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jay Lund, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Davis and an expert on California’s water supply, said he thinks it’s “quite likely” that warming temperatures could be pushing the region into a prolonged drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are going into a megadrought, it would look a lot like this,” he said. “And it would be made even worse with higher temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lund was also not involved in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Megadrought, Meet the Most Populous State in the Nation\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A megadrought would have huge and potentially catastrophic implications for California’s 40 million people, many of whom live in parched areas of the state. It would also require continuing ingenuity on the part of water managers who maintain substantial reservoirs at Lake Mead and Lake Powell along the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under prolonged conditions of drought, populous cities in California would suffer but would\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>likely be able to adapt, Lund says. while farmers and the state’s natural ecosystems would get the worst of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we do the modeling of these paleo-droughts for California, basically the cities get by okay. They don’t like it. It costs a lot and it hurts,” he said. “But the cities are not affected in their overall prosperity if they’re managed well. It’s agriculture that goes way down, by maybe half. And the ecosystems, they are just sort of in freefall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The 20th century saw California grow to be the most populous state in the nation, says Scott Stine,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>a professor of geography and environmental studies at Cal State East Bay, and that coincided with an especially wet century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We built this phenomenal infrastructure, second to none in the world, here in California and in other parts of the West,” he said. “All of it based on the diversion of water and all of it based on the assumption that the 20th century was normal. And the 20th century is not normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The problem of the present day and the coming droughts is that we are set up to need far more water than we should expect at any time in the coming decades and centuries,” he said. “Particularly with the higher temperatures. We’ve created a monster that we have to continue to feed with water, and the water is just not going to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003cb>Tree Ring Data \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nThe study is based on tree ring data that is painstakingly difficult to obtain, but exceptionally convincing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To collect tree ring data, scientists first must trudge throughout undisturbed forests and lake beds in search of preserved stumps, which provide a window into soil-moisture levels of the distant past. Williams’ team used records from thousands of trees from across the region. Radiocarbon dating and other techniques on the stumps can determine the age of the tree’s annual growth rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s moderate climate, trees grow a single ring each year. In the springtime, after winter rains and snow have soaked the state’s forests, the cells of a tree expand. During the hot summer, they contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expanding and contracting of the cell size is visible in the tree\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>rings. Wet years produce wide rings and dry years thin rings. Researchers can calculate the length of a dry spell by counting the thin rings of a stump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">For example, Stine \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/369546a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">found\u003c/span>\u003c/a> stumps underneath Mono Lake and other places in the Sierra Nevada and elsewhere suggesting \u003c/span>California over the last 1,200 years has\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>weathered two sustained dry spells each lasting \u003ca href=\"http://archive.redding.com/news/past-droughts-in-calif-have-lasted-more-than-200-years-scientists-say-ep-299086669-353588471.html/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">more than a century.\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003cspan class=\"s5\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nIn comparison, dry spells that afflict modern California — as devastating as they can be — have lasted only a few years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the dramatic reduction in car traffic and commercial flights, carbon emissions have been falling around the globe. If the slowdown continues, \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-set-to-cause-largest-ever-annual-fall-in-co2-emissions\">some are estimating\u003c/a> the world could see the largest drop in emissions in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, overall greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere are still going up and the decline will likely be smaller than what scientists say is necessary to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the effects are just starting to appear. In China, the first country to lock down, greenhouse gas emissions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/04/811019032/why-chinas-air-has-been-cleaner-during-the-coronavirus-outbreak\">dropped an estimated 25%\u003c/a> in February as factories and industrial producers slowed output. That decreased coal burning, which has come back slowly since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A month or two of shelter in place will drop carbon dioxide emissions a few percent here or there, but it won’t change the year substantially unless we stay like this for some time,” says Rob Jackson, environmental scientist at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declines are still too small to be read by greenhouse gas observatories around the world, like the one \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/\">on top of the Mauna Loa volcano\u003c/a> in Hawaii, given the natural changes in atmosphere this time of year. Because much of the Earth’s land mass is in the northern hemisphere, plants and forests there cause carbon levels to fluctuate as they bloom in the spring, drawing carbon dioxide from the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If countries continue shelter-at-home orders, emissions declines could be greater. The U.S. Energy Information Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/\">estimates U.S. emissions from gas and energy use could drop\u003c/a> more than 7% this year, similar to a 2009 decline during the financial crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, early estimates put global emissions \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-set-to-cause-largest-ever-annual-fall-in-co2-emissions\">dropping around 4%.\u003c/a> Still, that’s less than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/cut-global-emissions-76-percent-every-year-next-decade-meet-15degc\">7.6% the U.N. says is needed\u003c/a> to avoid the worst impacts of climate change by limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve those cuts, scientists say more fundamental changes are needed, like switching to renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t the way we want to reduce our fossil fuel emissions,” says Jackson. “We don’t want tens of millions of people being out of work as a path to decarbonizing our economy. We need systemic change in our energy infrastructure and new green technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Jackson says the recent changes are providing useful insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s as if a third of the cars on the road were suddenly electric, running on clean electricity and the air pollution is plummeting,” says Jackson. “It’s really a remarkable experiment and it shows the benefits of clean energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Carbon+Emissions+Are+Falling%2C+But+Still+Not+Enough%2C+Scientists+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the dramatic reduction in car traffic and commercial flights, carbon emissions have been falling around the globe. If the slowdown continues, \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-set-to-cause-largest-ever-annual-fall-in-co2-emissions\">some are estimating\u003c/a> the world could see the largest drop in emissions in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, overall greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere are still going up and the decline will likely be smaller than what scientists say is necessary to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the effects are just starting to appear. In China, the first country to lock down, greenhouse gas emissions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/04/811019032/why-chinas-air-has-been-cleaner-during-the-coronavirus-outbreak\">dropped an estimated 25%\u003c/a> in February as factories and industrial producers slowed output. That decreased coal burning, which has come back slowly since then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A month or two of shelter in place will drop carbon dioxide emissions a few percent here or there, but it won’t change the year substantially unless we stay like this for some time,” says Rob Jackson, environmental scientist at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declines are still too small to be read by greenhouse gas observatories around the world, like the one \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/mlo/\">on top of the Mauna Loa volcano\u003c/a> in Hawaii, given the natural changes in atmosphere this time of year. Because much of the Earth’s land mass is in the northern hemisphere, plants and forests there cause carbon levels to fluctuate as they bloom in the spring, drawing carbon dioxide from the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If countries continue shelter-at-home orders, emissions declines could be greater. The U.S. Energy Information Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/\">estimates U.S. emissions from gas and energy use could drop\u003c/a> more than 7% this year, similar to a 2009 decline during the financial crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, early estimates put global emissions \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-set-to-cause-largest-ever-annual-fall-in-co2-emissions\">dropping around 4%.\u003c/a> Still, that’s less than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/cut-global-emissions-76-percent-every-year-next-decade-meet-15degc\">7.6% the U.N. says is needed\u003c/a> to avoid the worst impacts of climate change by limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve those cuts, scientists say more fundamental changes are needed, like switching to renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t the way we want to reduce our fossil fuel emissions,” says Jackson. “We don’t want tens of millions of people being out of work as a path to decarbonizing our economy. We need systemic change in our energy infrastructure and new green technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Jackson says the recent changes are providing useful insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s as if a third of the cars on the road were suddenly electric, running on clean electricity and the air pollution is plummeting,” says Jackson. “It’s really a remarkable experiment and it shows the benefits of clean energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Carbon+Emissions+Are+Falling%2C+But+Still+Not+Enough%2C+Scientists+Say&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Pollution Way Down, Air District Estimates",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Pollution Way Down, Air District Estimates | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area’s grueling commute has all but disappeared as millions of people stay home at the order of public health officials seeking to slow the spread of this coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As millions of cars sit parked on the street or collect dust in garages, and public transit agencies drastically reduce service, researchers with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District say there’s some indication that regional air pollution is way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffic is the top contributor to air pollution in the Bay Area,” Kristine Roselius, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email. “Reducing the number of cars and trucks on our roads can have a significant, positive effect on our air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the agency took early reports estimating bridge traffic was down by 70% and used them to calculate a corresponding reduction in pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s numbers show a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roselius said the estimate is likely “conservative” and traffic could have dipped by even more, though she cautions that researchers need to see more data before they can detect an actual trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/port-of-oakland-updates/\">says\u003c/a> shipping traffic was down 11% in March. That could also contribute to a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, weather plays a major role in local air quality. A persistent low-pressure system hovering over Southern California has kept the air crisp and clear, according to Rick Canepa, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure system brought blustery, rainy conditions to the region in late March and early April, one reason for the puffy cloud formations the last few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, says that Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders, according to Meg Thurlow, the company’s vice president of Sensing Systems and Applied Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to see the same large-scale changes that we have been seeing in air pollution across a variety of pollutants, especially those associated with traffic and fossil fuel combustion,” said Thurlow. (Aclima is publishing the results in \u003ca href=\"https://blog.aclima.io/bay-area-pollutant-levels-drop-for-second-week-b51be2dc5677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posts like this.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961748 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially true in West Oakland, a neighborhood bounded by freeways and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and other advocacy groups have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima is tracking a reduction in the region’s carbon footprint using aggregated data from air regulators, as well as sensors, including some attached to low-emission cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Aclima has mapped air quality in West Oakland and noted higher pollution levels compared to the broader Bay Area. Thurlow said that West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dropped below the Bay Area regional average during the coronavirus crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the reduction in pollution provides “a really positive indicator to people that our actions are important with respect to air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a brief reprieve when there’s a lifetime of pollution disparities that have existed throughout a lot of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area’s grueling commute has all but disappeared as millions of people stay home at the order of public health officials seeking to slow the spread of this coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As millions of cars sit parked on the street or collect dust in garages, and public transit agencies drastically reduce service, researchers with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District say there’s some indication that regional air pollution is way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffic is the top contributor to air pollution in the Bay Area,” Kristine Roselius, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email. “Reducing the number of cars and trucks on our roads can have a significant, positive effect on our air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the agency took early reports estimating bridge traffic was down by 70% and used them to calculate a corresponding reduction in pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s numbers show a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roselius said the estimate is likely “conservative” and traffic could have dipped by even more, though she cautions that researchers need to see more data before they can detect an actual trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/port-of-oakland-updates/\">says\u003c/a> shipping traffic was down 11% in March. That could also contribute to a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, weather plays a major role in local air quality. A persistent low-pressure system hovering over Southern California has kept the air crisp and clear, according to Rick Canepa, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure system brought blustery, rainy conditions to the region in late March and early April, one reason for the puffy cloud formations the last few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, says that Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders, according to Meg Thurlow, the company’s vice president of Sensing Systems and Applied Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to see the same large-scale changes that we have been seeing in air pollution across a variety of pollutants, especially those associated with traffic and fossil fuel combustion,” said Thurlow. (Aclima is publishing the results in \u003ca href=\"https://blog.aclima.io/bay-area-pollutant-levels-drop-for-second-week-b51be2dc5677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posts like this.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961748 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially true in West Oakland, a neighborhood bounded by freeways and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and other advocacy groups have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima is tracking a reduction in the region’s carbon footprint using aggregated data from air regulators, as well as sensors, including some attached to low-emission cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Aclima has mapped air quality in West Oakland and noted higher pollution levels compared to the broader Bay Area. Thurlow said that West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dropped below the Bay Area regional average during the coronavirus crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the reduction in pollution provides “a really positive indicator to people that our actions are important with respect to air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a brief reprieve when there’s a lifetime of pollution disparities that have existed throughout a lot of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As April Begins, California's Snowpack is About Half of Normal",
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"content": "\u003cp>California water officials announced Wednesday that snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is measuring \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">53 percent\u003c/a> of the historical average for the start of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> (DWR) conducted the fourth monthly snow survey of the season today at Phillips Station snow course south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesman Chris Orrock says the region experienced a handful of big snow storms in March, but they weren’t enough to make up for a dry January and one of the driest Februaries on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re probably going to have one of the 10 worst snowpacks in California history,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in California closely monitor Sierra snowpack leading up to April 1st, around the time when the spring runoff typically begins. The water that melts off the snowpack helps to replenish California’s reservoirs in dry months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water from melting Sierra snowpack accounts for about 30 percent of California’s annual water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says the majority of that snowpack accumulates from December through the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“April 1st is kind of our benchmark. Typically that’s when we see the deepest snowpack with the most water,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, Sierra snowpack totals have varied significantly from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past 10 years, we’ve seen three of our smallest snowpacks on record, but we’ve also seen three of our largest snowpacks on record,” said Sean de Guzman, DWR’s chief of Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecast Section, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2020 will go down as a dry year, Orrock says runoff from last year’s snowpack, which was was well above average, has left the state’s major reservoirs near — or above — average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials say climate change has played a role in the variability observed in California’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s survey results show our snowpack is better off than it was just last month, they still underscore the need for widespread, wise use of our water supplies,” said DWR Director Karla Nemeth in a statement. “California’s climate continues to show extreme unpredictability, and February’s record dryness is a clear example of the extremes associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1245483339470929920\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials announced Wednesday that snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is measuring \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">53 percent\u003c/a> of the historical average for the start of April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a> (DWR) conducted the fourth monthly snow survey of the season today at Phillips Station snow course south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR spokesman Chris Orrock says the region experienced a handful of big snow storms in March, but they weren’t enough to make up for a dry January and one of the driest Februaries on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year we’re probably going to have one of the 10 worst snowpacks in California history,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists in California closely monitor Sierra snowpack leading up to April 1st, around the time when the spring runoff typically begins. The water that melts off the snowpack helps to replenish California’s reservoirs in dry months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water from melting Sierra snowpack accounts for about 30 percent of California’s annual water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orrock says the majority of that snowpack accumulates from December through the end of March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“April 1st is kind of our benchmark. Typically that’s when we see the deepest snowpack with the most water,” says Orrock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past decade, Sierra snowpack totals have varied significantly from year to year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past 10 years, we’ve seen three of our smallest snowpacks on record, but we’ve also seen three of our largest snowpacks on record,” said Sean de Guzman, DWR’s chief of Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecast Section, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2020 will go down as a dry year, Orrock says runoff from last year’s snowpack, which was was well above average, has left the state’s major reservoirs near — or above — average for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials say climate change has played a role in the variability observed in California’s snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While today’s survey results show our snowpack is better off than it was just last month, they still underscore the need for widespread, wise use of our water supplies,” said DWR Director Karla Nemeth in a statement. “California’s climate continues to show extreme unpredictability, and February’s record dryness is a clear example of the extremes associated with climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Cruise Ship Hit by Coronavirus Pulls Into Oakland Port",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cruise ship carrying at least 21 people infected with the coronavirus arrived in Oakland on Monday, after idling for days off the coast of San Francisco, as federal and state officials prepared to transfer its thousands of passengers to military bases for quarantine or return them to their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grand Princess pulled into the Port of Oakland with more than 3,500 people aboard. Passengers lining the balconies waved and some left the cabins where they had been in isolation to go on deck as the ship entered the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it sailed under the Golden Gate Bridge, passenger Karen Schwartz Dever said “everyone was hollering and clapping as we entered the harbor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 23 people who needed acute medical care had been taken off the ship by late Monday afternoon, but it was not clear how many of them had tested positive for the virus, said Shawn Boyd, a spokesman for the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805903\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042-800x431.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042-1020x550.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents begin to appear as workers tend to passengers disembarking from the Grand Princess cruise ship at the Port of Oakland on March 9, 2020. The roughly 3,500 people on the ship were stranded off the coast of San Francisco for days due to a coronavirus outbreak on board. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson /AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Live TV footage showed at least one passenger, an older man wearing a face mask, climbing onto a stretcher and being lifted into the back of an ambulance. Officials have said the unloading will take up to three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to basically disembark about half the passengers today. Everyone will be screened initially today,” said Robert Kadlec, assistant secretary at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers wearing gloves and yellow protective gear erected a large tent by a platform where passengers were disembarking, and two tents displaying Canadian flags were also on the tarmac. At least 20 buses and five ambulances waited. Canada and the UK were among the countries sending chartered flights to take home citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AlexSavidgeKTVU/status/1237146845693927424\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unloading will take up to three days, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more coronavirus coverage\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]U.S. passengers will be flown or bused from the port — chosen for its proximity to an airport and a military base — to bases in California, Texas and Georgia for testing and a 14-day quarantine. The ship is carrying people from 54 countries, and foreigners will be whisked home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,100 crew members, 19 of whom have tested positive for coronavirus, or COVID-19, will be quarantined and treated aboard the ship, which will dock elsewhere, Gov. Gavin Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom and Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf sought to reassure people that none of the cruise ship passengers would be exposed to the public before completing the quarantine. Officials were trying to decide where the ship and its crew would go next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That ship will turn around — and they are currently assessing appropriate places to bring that quarantined ship — but it will not be here in the San Francisco Bay,” Newsom said Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805937\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise ship docks at the Port of Oakland on Monday afternoon, as medical teams prepare to treat and transport passengers. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ship is stationed at an unused dock and will affect regular operations at the port, which is one of the nation’s busiest, said Port of Oakland spokesman Mike Zampa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident in the measures that the state and federal government have taken,” he said. “They’ve cordoned off the area, they’ve put a perimeter fence, they’re allowing no one in who doesn’t belong there. With this, you won’t see any of our employees or stakeholders within a mile or so of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most people, the new coronavirus causes only mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough. But for some, especially older adults and people with existing health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of people recover from the disease. According to the World Health Organization, people with mild illness recover in about two weeks, while those with more severe illness may take three to six weeks to recover. In mainland China, where it first exploded, more than 80,000 people have been diagnosed and more than 58,000 have so far recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805814\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise ship heads under the Golden Gate Bridge to the Port of Oakland on Monday. \u003ccite>(Photo by Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to stop the virus’ spread, Italy will impose \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3ff579e06d07428f0bc993c0a98c001d\">travel restrictions\u003c/a> and other strict public health measures nationwide starting Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of coronavirus fears and plunging oil prices sent \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/d69d338f530492125c92424b8ae3290d\">stocks on Wall Street\u003c/a> plummeting Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus has infected 600 people in the United States — including the director of the agency that runs the airports in New York and New Jersey — and at least 26 have died, most in Washington state. U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams said communities will need to start thinking about canceling large gatherings, closing schools and letting more employees work from home, as many companies have done in the wake of the recent outbreak in the Seattle area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/markdpace/status/1237078920194908163\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of universities have begun \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/25003554f8fefff6789526708ab870d7\">online-only courses\u003c/a>, including the University of Washington, Stanford University and Columbia University. UC Berkeley also announced it would \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/03/09/as-coronavirus-spreads-uc-berkeley-suspends-in-person-instruction/\">suspend most in-person classes\u003c/a>, beginning on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elk Grove Unified School District — the largest school district in Northern California, with 64,000 students — canceled classes for a week when it was discovered a family in the district was exposed to the virus. Georgia’s fourth-largest school district, which has more than 93,000 students, closed its schools for at least one day after a teacher at two middle schools was confirmed to have coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grand Princess had been held off the coast since Wednesday because of evidence that it was the breeding ground for infections tied to a previous voyage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers from the previous voyage have tested positive in California and other states. Six Canadians who were on the Grand Princess from Feb. 11 to 21 were also confirmed to have the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current passenger Laurie Miller, of San Jose, said she and her husband were told that anyone who was getting off Monday had already received a written notice and luggage tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not us!” she said in a message. “This is an absolute circus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805813\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1929px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805813\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1929\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295.jpg 1929w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-800x552.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-1020x703.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-1920x1324.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1929px) 100vw, 1929px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman gestures as other passengers look on from aboard the Grand Princess cruise ship, operated by Princess Cruises, while it maintained a holding pattern about 25 miles off the coast of San Francisco, on Sunday. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, the most important thing to remember is that we’re dealing with people,” said Sgt. Ray Kelly, a spokesman for the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office, which is helping to transfer some ship passengers onto planes at the airport. “It’s important that we not lose sight that these are fellow human beings, that they need our help, and that they want to get home to their loved ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department warned against travel on cruise ships because of “increased risk of infection of COVID-19 in a cruise ship environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Princess ship, the Diamond Princess, was quarantined for two weeks in Yokohama, Japan, last month because of the virus. Ultimately, about 700 of the 3,700 people aboard became infected in what experts pronounced a public health failure, with the vessel essentially becoming a floating germ factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini and Alex Emslie contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Grand Princess cruise ship, carrying at least 21 people infected with the coronavirus, docked at the Port of Oakland Monday as federal and state officials prepared to transport and quarantine thousands of passengers.",
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"title": "Cruise Ship Hit by Coronavirus Pulls Into Oakland Port | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cruise ship carrying at least 21 people infected with the coronavirus arrived in Oakland on Monday, after idling for days off the coast of San Francisco, as federal and state officials prepared to transfer its thousands of passengers to military bases for quarantine or return them to their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grand Princess pulled into the Port of Oakland with more than 3,500 people aboard. Passengers lining the balconies waved and some left the cabins where they had been in isolation to go on deck as the ship entered the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it sailed under the Golden Gate Bridge, passenger Karen Schwartz Dever said “everyone was hollering and clapping as we entered the harbor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 23 people who needed acute medical care had been taken off the ship by late Monday afternoon, but it was not clear how many of them had tested positive for the virus, said Shawn Boyd, a spokesman for the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805903\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042-800x431.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206290042-1020x550.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents begin to appear as workers tend to passengers disembarking from the Grand Princess cruise ship at the Port of Oakland on March 9, 2020. The roughly 3,500 people on the ship were stranded off the coast of San Francisco for days due to a coronavirus outbreak on board. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson /AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Live TV footage showed at least one passenger, an older man wearing a face mask, climbing onto a stretcher and being lifted into the back of an ambulance. Officials have said the unloading will take up to three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our intent is to basically disembark about half the passengers today. Everyone will be screened initially today,” said Robert Kadlec, assistant secretary at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers wearing gloves and yellow protective gear erected a large tent by a platform where passengers were disembarking, and two tents displaying Canadian flags were also on the tarmac. At least 20 buses and five ambulances waited. Canada and the UK were among the countries sending chartered flights to take home citizens.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The unloading will take up to three days, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>U.S. passengers will be flown or bused from the port — chosen for its proximity to an airport and a military base — to bases in California, Texas and Georgia for testing and a 14-day quarantine. The ship is carrying people from 54 countries, and foreigners will be whisked home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1,100 crew members, 19 of whom have tested positive for coronavirus, or COVID-19, will be quarantined and treated aboard the ship, which will dock elsewhere, Gov. Gavin Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom and Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf sought to reassure people that none of the cruise ship passengers would be exposed to the public before completing the quarantine. Officials were trying to decide where the ship and its crew would go next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That ship will turn around — and they are currently assessing appropriate places to bring that quarantined ship — but it will not be here in the San Francisco Bay,” Newsom said Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805937\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/007_KQED_Oakland_GrandPrincess_03092020_6278-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise ship docks at the Port of Oakland on Monday afternoon, as medical teams prepare to treat and transport passengers. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ship is stationed at an unused dock and will affect regular operations at the port, which is one of the nation’s busiest, said Port of Oakland spokesman Mike Zampa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident in the measures that the state and federal government have taken,” he said. “They’ve cordoned off the area, they’ve put a perimeter fence, they’re allowing no one in who doesn’t belong there. With this, you won’t see any of our employees or stakeholders within a mile or so of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most people, the new coronavirus causes only mild or moderate symptoms, such as fever and cough. But for some, especially older adults and people with existing health problems, it can cause more severe illness, including pneumonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of people recover from the disease. According to the World Health Organization, people with mild illness recover in about two weeks, while those with more severe illness may take three to six weeks to recover. In mainland China, where it first exploded, more than 80,000 people have been diagnosed and more than 58,000 have so far recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805814\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1211404736-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Grand Princess cruise ship heads under the Golden Gate Bridge to the Port of Oakland on Monday. \u003ccite>(Photo by Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In an effort to stop the virus’ spread, Italy will impose \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3ff579e06d07428f0bc993c0a98c001d\">travel restrictions\u003c/a> and other strict public health measures nationwide starting Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of coronavirus fears and plunging oil prices sent \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/d69d338f530492125c92424b8ae3290d\">stocks on Wall Street\u003c/a> plummeting Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus has infected 600 people in the United States — including the director of the agency that runs the airports in New York and New Jersey — and at least 26 have died, most in Washington state. U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams said communities will need to start thinking about canceling large gatherings, closing schools and letting more employees work from home, as many companies have done in the wake of the recent outbreak in the Seattle area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>A growing number of universities have begun \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/25003554f8fefff6789526708ab870d7\">online-only courses\u003c/a>, including the University of Washington, Stanford University and Columbia University. UC Berkeley also announced it would \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/03/09/as-coronavirus-spreads-uc-berkeley-suspends-in-person-instruction/\">suspend most in-person classes\u003c/a>, beginning on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Elk Grove Unified School District — the largest school district in Northern California, with 64,000 students — canceled classes for a week when it was discovered a family in the district was exposed to the virus. Georgia’s fourth-largest school district, which has more than 93,000 students, closed its schools for at least one day after a teacher at two middle schools was confirmed to have coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Grand Princess had been held off the coast since Wednesday because of evidence that it was the breeding ground for infections tied to a previous voyage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers from the previous voyage have tested positive in California and other states. Six Canadians who were on the Grand Princess from Feb. 11 to 21 were also confirmed to have the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current passenger Laurie Miller, of San Jose, said she and her husband were told that anyone who was getting off Monday had already received a written notice and luggage tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not us!” she said in a message. “This is an absolute circus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11805813\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1929px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11805813\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1929\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295.jpg 1929w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-800x552.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-1020x703.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/03/GettyImages-1206116295-1920x1324.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1929px) 100vw, 1929px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman gestures as other passengers look on from aboard the Grand Princess cruise ship, operated by Princess Cruises, while it maintained a holding pattern about 25 miles off the coast of San Francisco, on Sunday. \u003ccite>(Josh Edelson/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, the most important thing to remember is that we’re dealing with people,” said Sgt. Ray Kelly, a spokesman for the Alameda County Sheriff’s Office, which is helping to transfer some ship passengers onto planes at the airport. “It’s important that we not lose sight that these are fellow human beings, that they need our help, and that they want to get home to their loved ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Department warned against travel on cruise ships because of “increased risk of infection of COVID-19 in a cruise ship environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Princess ship, the Diamond Princess, was quarantined for two weeks in Yokohama, Japan, last month because of the virus. Ultimately, about 700 of the 3,700 people aboard became infected in what experts pronounced a public health failure, with the vessel essentially becoming a floating germ factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini and Alex Emslie contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
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