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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Big swells from El Niño storms have eaten away parts of the Pacifica coastline, leaving several vacant structures at risk of collapse into the sea. A local state of emergency was declared Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacifica Pier, the Milagra Watershed Outfall and the seawall along Beach Boulevard have seen significant damage during storms over the past month. Several building owners were told their properties are not safe to inhabit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“El Niño is hitting the city’s coastline very hard and creating almost daily reports of impacts to both public and private property,” City Manager Lorie Tinfow said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drone video shared by \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoc4iO1r4Bv0kuABk5PUwdw\" target=\"_blank\">Duncan Sinfield\u003c/a> on Saturday shows the bluff crumbling beneath apartment buildings on Esplanade Ave.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CzrymETf9hY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CzrymETf9hY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apartment buildings at 330 and 320 Esplanade Ave. were previously deemed uninhabitable, but had not been demolished. The apartment building at 310 Esplanade Ave., visible to the left in the video, is still inhabited and is being closely monitored for structural integrity, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Locals pretty much know the impact of the ocean and even we are astounded when we see the power of the ocean and what it can do,\" says Pacifica Mayor Sue Digre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The city is asking for state and federal assistance in responding to what officials say is a growing list of failing infrastructure. \u003c/span>The cost of the damage has not yet been determined.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment",
"headTitle": "Carbon Capture Flops in California Despite Millions in Investment | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is barreling ahead with its ambitious climate change goals, pushing renewable energy and cleaner cars. That doesn’t mean that fossil fuels are going away anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some doubt that the state can meet its lofty goals without capturing carbon emissions from fossil-fired power plants and stashing it someplace, like deep underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite millions in government investment, “carbon capture and storage,” as it’s called, has largely flopped in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with high costs and public opposition, several projects have failed to move beyond the planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/01/Sciencecarboncapturefull.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot projects gathered momentum six years ago, when they got a boost from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.gov/recovery-act\">federal Recovery Act funding program\u003c/a>, which was designed to develop emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Keith Pronske, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanenergysystems.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Energy Systems\u003c/a> was riding a wave of optimism for the carbon capture project he was developing, known as the Kimberlina power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is about changing the way power is produced.”\u003ccite>Keith Pronske, Clean Energy Systems\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a lot of interest,” he told me in 2009. “We’ve had a lot of folks from really all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power plant burned natural gas, which is still where most of California’s electricity comes from. But this one had a key difference: Pronske pointed to an overhead pipe wide enough that it looked like you could roll basketballs through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is essentially pure CO2,” he said. “Instead of a big stack venting everything to atmosphere, we’re capturing it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske’s idea was to take the carbon dioxide, compress it, and inject it underground, where it would be permanently trapped by rock layers thousands of feet down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about changing the way power is produced,” he said. “If you bring the carbon up, use it and put it back is the basic idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was designed to be a model project, the first of its kind in California to demonstrate zero-carbon energy from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years later, it remains a dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s been a bit of a wild ride and we’ve had a few bumps,” Pronske said, when I caught up with him in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company’s plans had largely stalled. He had looked for a utility to buy the electricity from his power plant, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485136 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg\" alt=\"How carbon capture and sequestration works.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many carbon-capture-and-sequestration, or CCS schemes aim to intercept carbon emissions and store them underground. \u003ccite>(Vattenfall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The big focus is on renewable energy – wind and solar,” he said, which utilities are mandated to purchase by state policy. “So we had a hard time finding a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His project’s electricity would be pricier than wind or solar because it also has to cover the cost of burying the carbon underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You bang your head against the wall several times and you figure out it’s not going to really accomplish anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Projects Stall Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske isn’t alone. Two other carbon capture projects in California are facing the same fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in Northern California was cancelled. C6 Resources, an affiliate of Shell, \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/fe/articles/secretary-chu-announces-first-awards-14-billion-industrial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded $3 million\u003c/a> in stimulus funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/norcal_co2reduction_project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern California CO2 Reduction Project\u003c/a>, where a million tons of carbon were to be sequestered underground in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lion’s share of stimulus funding went to \u003ca href=\"http://hydrogenenergycalifornia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Energy California\u003c/a> (HECA), a larger project in Kern County. The Department of Energy offered it more than $400 million in grants. It’s already spent $152 million, but it missed so many deadlines, it had to give up its claim on $122 million last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HECA had originally planned to sell the carbon it captured to the oil industry, where it would have been used to boost production from oil wells. After those plans fell through, the project is now looking to sequester the carbon underground, if it can overcome some fierce pubic opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that these projects are green in some way is not true,” said Evan Gillespie, who runs the campaign against the project for the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gQN8H1y3bLQFyuhusmTVtazUF1miwYuW”]Unlike Pronske’s natural gas project, HECA would use coal, a fuel California has spurned because of its air pollution and huge carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we were going to provide a lifeline to an industry that is a huge public health threat and is actively destroying our climate,” said Gillespie. “We found it really problematic to see a state like California that was such a leader on green energy be so open to coal again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie does see a limited role for capturing carbon. “There are a number of heavy industries: steel, cement factories,” he said. “But in the electric sector, there are just too many cheaper options that have no carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a core debate around capturing carbon from power plants. Some see it as a way to prop up fossil fuels. Others say we won’t be able to cut carbon emissions fast enough without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, when international leaders met in Paris to tackle climate change, scientists said that the world would have to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/54e0d2bd61d24a6eb9d1d57840bc8a22/paris-climate-goals-mean-emissions-need-drop-below-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drastically cut emissions\u003c/a>, even to negative levels, to avoid the most catastrophic impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to de-carbonize everything we can,” says Sally Benson, a professor of energy at Stanford University and a longtime proponent of carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have to wait to replace every gas or coal plant with renewables, I think we’ve run out of time,” she says. The power plants being built today will keep emitting for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going Too Big?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson admits that big challenges remain for carbon capture. Getting permits for the projects at the county and state level can be complicated, to put it kindly. There are also questions of liability about who is responsible for keeping the carbon underground indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485140\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485140\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Energy Systems' Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-400x260.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-1180x767.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina.jpg 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean Energy Systems’ Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Financing may be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start talking half-billion to one-billion-dollar projects, people begin to get nervous,” said Pronske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped a state agency, the California Air Resources Board, from kick-starting a brand new process in February to \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccs/ccs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set up rules and guidelines\u003c/a> for carbon capture projects, in the hope that the technology will become part of the state’s strategy to meet its climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to help us meet our long term goals, but we need to better understand the extent and ensure that any projects would maintain environmental integrity,” said Dave Clegern, a spokesperson at the Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming state guidelines are giving many in the carbon capture industry hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are critical to establish greater certainty for investors in commercialization and in assuring environmental protection and climate change benefits,” said Elizabeth Burton, technical director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership\u003c/a> (WESTCARB), a research collaboration launched by the Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burton defends the use of government stimulus funding on the previous projects, saying the work they completed could inform future projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were also useful in progressing the technology by laying the groundwork and providing lessons learned for how to develop a carbon capture, use and storage project in California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a string of high-profile failures around the country, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bna.com/doe-suspends-billion-n17179922773/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.65 billion FutureGen project\u003c/a> in Illinois, Pronske worries that carbon capture is getting a bad reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a little frustrating, just because it’s Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” he said. “We went too big to start with. The real issue is getting across the valley of death of: how do we get these first plants built?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting a hefty price on carbon pollution could be the silver bullet the industry is looking for. If polluters have to pay for every ton of carbon they emit, capturing carbon from power plants starts to look pretty good, Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there really has to be clear price on carbon,” she speculates. “$50 a ton plus – that will get people to really pay attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has put a price on carbon, as part of its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, but it’s only about $12 dollars a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a roller coaster and I’m sure it will continue to be that way for a long time,” Benson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, regulators at the California Energy Commission will decide the final fate of the HECA project sometime this spring.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is barreling ahead with its ambitious climate change goals, pushing renewable energy and cleaner cars. That doesn’t mean that fossil fuels are going away anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some doubt that the state can meet its lofty goals without capturing carbon emissions from fossil-fired power plants and stashing it someplace, like deep underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite millions in government investment, “carbon capture and storage,” as it’s called, has largely flopped in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with high costs and public opposition, several projects have failed to move beyond the planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot projects gathered momentum six years ago, when they got a boost from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.gov/recovery-act\">federal Recovery Act funding program\u003c/a>, which was designed to develop emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, Keith Pronske, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cleanenergysystems.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Energy Systems\u003c/a> was riding a wave of optimism for the carbon capture project he was developing, known as the Kimberlina power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“This is about changing the way power is produced.”\u003ccite>Keith Pronske, Clean Energy Systems\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a lot of interest,” he told me in 2009. “We’ve had a lot of folks from really all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power plant burned natural gas, which is still where most of California’s electricity comes from. But this one had a key difference: Pronske pointed to an overhead pipe wide enough that it looked like you could roll basketballs through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is essentially pure CO2,” he said. “Instead of a big stack venting everything to atmosphere, we’re capturing it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske’s idea was to take the carbon dioxide, compress it, and inject it underground, where it would be permanently trapped by rock layers thousands of feet down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about changing the way power is produced,” he said. “If you bring the carbon up, use it and put it back is the basic idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was designed to be a model project, the first of its kind in California to demonstrate zero-carbon energy from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years later, it remains a dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s been a bit of a wild ride and we’ve had a few bumps,” Pronske said, when I caught up with him in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company’s plans had largely stalled. He had looked for a utility to buy the electricity from his power plant, but with little success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485136\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485136 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg\" alt=\"How carbon capture and sequestration works.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/CCS-image-768x475.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many carbon-capture-and-sequestration, or CCS schemes aim to intercept carbon emissions and store them underground. \u003ccite>(Vattenfall)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The big focus is on renewable energy – wind and solar,” he said, which utilities are mandated to purchase by state policy. “So we had a hard time finding a market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His project’s electricity would be pricier than wind or solar because it also has to cover the cost of burying the carbon underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You bang your head against the wall several times and you figure out it’s not going to really accomplish anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Projects Stall Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronske isn’t alone. Two other carbon capture projects in California are facing the same fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One in Northern California was cancelled. C6 Resources, an affiliate of Shell, \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/fe/articles/secretary-chu-announces-first-awards-14-billion-industrial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was awarded $3 million\u003c/a> in stimulus funds for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/norcal_co2reduction_project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Northern California CO2 Reduction Project\u003c/a>, where a million tons of carbon were to be sequestered underground in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lion’s share of stimulus funding went to \u003ca href=\"http://hydrogenenergycalifornia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hydrogen Energy California\u003c/a> (HECA), a larger project in Kern County. The Department of Energy offered it more than $400 million in grants. It’s already spent $152 million, but it missed so many deadlines, it had to give up its claim on $122 million last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HECA had originally planned to sell the carbon it captured to the oil industry, where it would have been used to boost production from oil wells. After those plans fell through, the project is now looking to sequester the carbon underground, if it can overcome some fierce pubic opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that these projects are green in some way is not true,” said Evan Gillespie, who runs the campaign against the project for the Sierra Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Unlike Pronske’s natural gas project, HECA would use coal, a fuel California has spurned because of its air pollution and huge carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that we were going to provide a lifeline to an industry that is a huge public health threat and is actively destroying our climate,” said Gillespie. “We found it really problematic to see a state like California that was such a leader on green energy be so open to coal again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gillespie does see a limited role for capturing carbon. “There are a number of heavy industries: steel, cement factories,” he said. “But in the electric sector, there are just too many cheaper options that have no carbon footprint.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a core debate around capturing carbon from power plants. Some see it as a way to prop up fossil fuels. Others say we won’t be able to cut carbon emissions fast enough without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, when international leaders met in Paris to tackle climate change, scientists said that the world would have to \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/54e0d2bd61d24a6eb9d1d57840bc8a22/paris-climate-goals-mean-emissions-need-drop-below-zero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drastically cut emissions\u003c/a>, even to negative levels, to avoid the most catastrophic impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to de-carbonize everything we can,” says Sally Benson, a professor of energy at Stanford University and a longtime proponent of carbon capture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have to wait to replace every gas or coal plant with renewables, I think we’ve run out of time,” she says. The power plants being built today will keep emitting for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Going Too Big?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benson admits that big challenges remain for carbon capture. Getting permits for the projects at the county and state level can be complicated, to put it kindly. There are also questions of liability about who is responsible for keeping the carbon underground indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485140\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-485140\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"Clean Energy Systems' Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-400x260.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-768x499.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-1180x767.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Kimberlina.jpg 1372w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clean Energy Systems’ Kimberlina Power Plant, just north of Bakersfield.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Financing may be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start talking half-billion to one-billion-dollar projects, people begin to get nervous,” said Pronske.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn’t stopped a state agency, the California Air Resources Board, from kick-starting a brand new process in February to \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ccs/ccs.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set up rules and guidelines\u003c/a> for carbon capture projects, in the hope that the technology will become part of the state’s strategy to meet its climate change goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon capture and sequestration has the potential to help us meet our long term goals, but we need to better understand the extent and ensure that any projects would maintain environmental integrity,” said Dave Clegern, a spokesperson at the Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upcoming state guidelines are giving many in the carbon capture industry hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These regulations are critical to establish greater certainty for investors in commercialization and in assuring environmental protection and climate change benefits,” said Elizabeth Burton, technical director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westcarb.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West Coast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership\u003c/a> (WESTCARB), a research collaboration launched by the Department of Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burton defends the use of government stimulus funding on the previous projects, saying the work they completed could inform future projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were also useful in progressing the technology by laying the groundwork and providing lessons learned for how to develop a carbon capture, use and storage project in California,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a string of high-profile failures around the country, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bna.com/doe-suspends-billion-n17179922773/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1.65 billion FutureGen project\u003c/a> in Illinois, Pronske worries that carbon capture is getting a bad reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a little frustrating, just because it’s Goldilocks and the Three Bears,” he said. “We went too big to start with. The real issue is getting across the valley of death of: how do we get these first plants built?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting a hefty price on carbon pollution could be the silver bullet the industry is looking for. If polluters have to pay for every ton of carbon they emit, capturing carbon from power plants starts to look pretty good, Benson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there really has to be clear price on carbon,” she speculates. “$50 a ton plus – that will get people to really pay attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already has put a price on carbon, as part of its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, but it’s only about $12 dollars a ton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re on a roller coaster and I’m sure it will continue to be that way for a long time,” Benson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, regulators at the California Energy Commission will decide the final fate of the HECA project sometime this spring.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Ice vs. Ship: Just How Cool Is a Heavy-Duty Icebreaker?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The fifth in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star, on its annual resupply mission to the research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was this: groom the channel; spend a few days at \u003ca href=\"http://www.coolantarctica.com/Bases/McMurdo/mcmurdo-base-antarctica.php\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>; escort a supply ship and a fuel tanker in; go north to Marble Point to refuel a National Science Foundation depot; wander across the arc of the continent and then dart north across the chaotic Southern Ocean and up the coast of South America to Valparaiso and points north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if there’s one thing I’ve learned on this ship, it’s that plans are suggestions and suggestions are dreams and dreams here are more familiar than reality. Things change at a moment’s notice. Mostly by breaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are arcane equations that affect the ship, dealing with power output, weight distribution, atmospheric behavior, celestial navigation, on and on. There is only one that really means anything to the average dim-but-curious writer, and that’s the relationship between cutting a channel through the ice and the damage it causes; in other words, the ratio of breaking-in to breaking down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ice is, in scientific terms, absolute hell on the ship. Polar Star breaks in a variety of ways, and that delays the grooming of the channel, the only way that supply ships can get in. So when we’re back underway we speed along to the next breakdown. Are these critical breakdowns? They’re serious enough. Most of them are, strictly speaking, mission-enders — for a few hours. Then we’re on our way again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485300 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365.jpg\" alt=\"MK3 Chynna Loe talks on the very old-school but still-functional sound-powered phone while on rounds.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machinery technician Chynna Loe talks on the very old-school but still-functional sound-powered phone while on rounds. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s happening here that keeps the engineering department busy with repairs is a living example of the paradox of the implacable force against the immovable object. Polar Star is the last working heavy icebreaker in the U.S. fleet, and with 75,000 horsepower, it’s billed as the “most powerful non-nuclear icebreaker in the world.” The bow is nearly two inches thick, made of a special steel alloy that’s resistant to the cold and — more than 40 years after the keel was laid — no longer made in the United States. For durability, the frames (the ship’s “ribs”) are about six inches closer together than normal. The football-shaped bow allows the ship to slide (or grind, as it were) up onto the ice like an aggressive leopard seal and break through it. That takes a lot of power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_460989\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-460989\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship.jpg\" alt=\"About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-400x568.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-800x1136.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-768x1091.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-960x1363.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, Polar Star runs on six Alco 251 diesel-electric generators. These are train locomotive engines, but they’re also used for icebreakers and nuclear power plant backups. They even make a satisfying chugga-chug chugga-chug, which is quite soothing when we’re out at sea. (During what qualifies as night during the austral summer, I lie in my “rack” and listen to the sound of distant trains along with the foamy hiss of the waves against the bow, a real surf ’n’ turf for the senses.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These six engines generate power which is fed to three motors which turn the three shafts attached to the three propellers that make us go. Then, when it’s time to break ice, they fire up the jet engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the diesel-electrics, Polar Star also carries three Pratt & Whitney FT4 gas turbines, the kind once used in Boeing 707s. Each turbine is in its own chamber, and when they get turned on and you stand next to them, even with earplugs, it’s the kind of sound and force that you have to keep yourself from instinctively running away from, a terrible thrill like I imagine swimming with sharks would be. The turbines are each cranked down to a manageable RPM by a reduction gear and connected to a shaft, and when they’re all three going strong, they produce up to 75,000 hp. Power at that level is hard to imagine. I’ve seen what it can do, though. Plow through miles and miles of ice as thick as I am tall, tossing up fragments the size of Volkswagens into a channel cut to the horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_484971\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-484971\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Polar Star's giant twin propellers, each 18 feet across, await installation at Vallejo's Mare Island shipyard in 2014.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polar Star’s three giant propellers, each 18 feet across, await installation at Vallejo’s Mare Island shipyard in 2014. The prop on the right has been removed for refurbishing. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s well-designed, this ship. But still, stuff breaks all the time. Sometimes the turbines won’t start up, sometimes the diesels crap out, sometimes—a lot of times, lately—the vibrations through the ship from the bow smashing the ice and the propellers “milling” the ice, breaks anything connected to the shaft. Even for a ship built for this, it is an enormous amount of stress. There’s plenty of power. But there’s always more ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, a crack was found in the reduction gear, a part of the ship’s propulsion system. It seemed like just another in a series of breakdowns, but this was one that gave Capt. Matt Walker cause to abandon the \u003ca href=\"https://popantarctica.wordpress.com/2016/01/07/marble-point-air-facility/\">Marble Point\u003c/a> mission. The ice would be thicker there, he said, and he didn’t believe the ship was up to the task of breaking through. “I made a decision to forego Marble Point because Marble Point is a nice mission but it’s not an essential mission,” he said. She’d done it two years before, so I took this as evidence of age wearing Polar Star down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485301 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774.jpg\" alt=\"Chief Keith Hoeffer and Petty Officer Keith Bryan work on repairs to the propulsion system. Breakdowns are a way of life in the ice.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chief Keith Hoeffer and Petty Officer Keith Bryan work on repairs to the propulsion system. Breakdowns are a way of life in the ice. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crew I’ve talked to is of two minds about breakage. One attitude is that breakage is inevitable, that it’s the natural order of things around here, so they fix the damage and get on with it. They’re an industrious bunch. Fixes have included welding and replacing, but also, in a couple of cases, Super Glue and a surfboard repair kit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other perspective sees the law of diminishing returns at work. As Polar Star (now in her 40s) gets older, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/12/polar-missions-on-thin-ice-with-aging-equipment/\">she breaks more\u003c/a> — both more often and more seriously. More breakage not only imperils or at least alters the mission, as it did with Marble Point, but it also means more time in dry-dock, where repairs have to be hurriedly accomplished so that she can head out again for the next trip south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485147\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-485147\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut.jpg\" alt=\"This view of Polar Star in dry-dock reveals the specially-shaped keel for riding up onto heavy ice.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-400x274.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-960x658.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This view of Polar Star in dry-dock reveals the specially-shaped keel for riding up onto heavy ice. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Between Deep Freeze and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/03/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">dry-dock in Vallejo\u003c/a>, Polar Star was out of home port something like 320 days. The day may well be at hand when Polar Star will only oscillate between going south and being fixed after going south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Next Time: The End of the World!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American (not the dictionary).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It takes major muscle to do battle with Antarctic ice fields -- but is the world's most powerful non-nuclear icebreaker losing its mojo?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The fifth in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star, on its annual resupply mission to the research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was this: groom the channel; spend a few days at \u003ca href=\"http://www.coolantarctica.com/Bases/McMurdo/mcmurdo-base-antarctica.php\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>; escort a supply ship and a fuel tanker in; go north to Marble Point to refuel a National Science Foundation depot; wander across the arc of the continent and then dart north across the chaotic Southern Ocean and up the coast of South America to Valparaiso and points north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if there’s one thing I’ve learned on this ship, it’s that plans are suggestions and suggestions are dreams and dreams here are more familiar than reality. Things change at a moment’s notice. Mostly by breaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are arcane equations that affect the ship, dealing with power output, weight distribution, atmospheric behavior, celestial navigation, on and on. There is only one that really means anything to the average dim-but-curious writer, and that’s the relationship between cutting a channel through the ice and the damage it causes; in other words, the ratio of breaking-in to breaking down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ice is, in scientific terms, absolute hell on the ship. Polar Star breaks in a variety of ways, and that delays the grooming of the channel, the only way that supply ships can get in. So when we’re back underway we speed along to the next breakdown. Are these critical breakdowns? They’re serious enough. Most of them are, strictly speaking, mission-enders — for a few hours. Then we’re on our way again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485300 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365.jpg\" alt=\"MK3 Chynna Loe talks on the very old-school but still-functional sound-powered phone while on rounds.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC03365-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machinery technician Chynna Loe talks on the very old-school but still-functional sound-powered phone while on rounds. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s happening here that keeps the engineering department busy with repairs is a living example of the paradox of the implacable force against the immovable object. Polar Star is the last working heavy icebreaker in the U.S. fleet, and with 75,000 horsepower, it’s billed as the “most powerful non-nuclear icebreaker in the world.” The bow is nearly two inches thick, made of a special steel alloy that’s resistant to the cold and — more than 40 years after the keel was laid — no longer made in the United States. For durability, the frames (the ship’s “ribs”) are about six inches closer together than normal. The football-shaped bow allows the ship to slide (or grind, as it were) up onto the ice like an aggressive leopard seal and break through it. That takes a lot of power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_460989\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-460989\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship.jpg\" alt=\"About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-400x568.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-800x1136.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-768x1091.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Polar-Star-2016-with-ship-960x1363.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About a week after sailing from Tasmania, the Polar Star entered the ice fields and began breaking a channel into McMurdo Sound.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of the time, Polar Star runs on six Alco 251 diesel-electric generators. These are train locomotive engines, but they’re also used for icebreakers and nuclear power plant backups. They even make a satisfying chugga-chug chugga-chug, which is quite soothing when we’re out at sea. (During what qualifies as night during the austral summer, I lie in my “rack” and listen to the sound of distant trains along with the foamy hiss of the waves against the bow, a real surf ’n’ turf for the senses.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These six engines generate power which is fed to three motors which turn the three shafts attached to the three propellers that make us go. Then, when it’s time to break ice, they fire up the jet engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the diesel-electrics, Polar Star also carries three Pratt & Whitney FT4 gas turbines, the kind once used in Boeing 707s. Each turbine is in its own chamber, and when they get turned on and you stand next to them, even with earplugs, it’s the kind of sound and force that you have to keep yourself from instinctively running away from, a terrible thrill like I imagine swimming with sharks would be. The turbines are each cranked down to a manageable RPM by a reduction gear and connected to a shaft, and when they’re all three going strong, they produce up to 75,000 hp. Power at that level is hard to imagine. I’ve seen what it can do, though. Plow through miles and miles of ice as thick as I am tall, tossing up fragments the size of Volkswagens into a channel cut to the horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_484971\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-484971\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Polar Star's giant twin propellers, each 18 feet across, await installation at Vallejo's Mare Island shipyard in 2014.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"933\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12577_JV0A9246-qut-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polar Star’s three giant propellers, each 18 feet across, await installation at Vallejo’s Mare Island shipyard in 2014. The prop on the right has been removed for refurbishing. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s well-designed, this ship. But still, stuff breaks all the time. Sometimes the turbines won’t start up, sometimes the diesels crap out, sometimes—a lot of times, lately—the vibrations through the ship from the bow smashing the ice and the propellers “milling” the ice, breaks anything connected to the shaft. Even for a ship built for this, it is an enormous amount of stress. There’s plenty of power. But there’s always more ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, a crack was found in the reduction gear, a part of the ship’s propulsion system. It seemed like just another in a series of breakdowns, but this was one that gave Capt. Matt Walker cause to abandon the \u003ca href=\"https://popantarctica.wordpress.com/2016/01/07/marble-point-air-facility/\">Marble Point\u003c/a> mission. The ice would be thicker there, he said, and he didn’t believe the ship was up to the task of breaking through. “I made a decision to forego Marble Point because Marble Point is a nice mission but it’s not an essential mission,” he said. She’d done it two years before, so I took this as evidence of age wearing Polar Star down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-485301 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774.jpg\" alt=\"Chief Keith Hoeffer and Petty Officer Keith Bryan work on repairs to the propulsion system. Breakdowns are a way of life in the ice.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774.jpg 1280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/DSC02774-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chief Keith Hoeffer and Petty Officer Keith Bryan work on repairs to the propulsion system. Breakdowns are a way of life in the ice. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crew I’ve talked to is of two minds about breakage. One attitude is that breakage is inevitable, that it’s the natural order of things around here, so they fix the damage and get on with it. They’re an industrious bunch. Fixes have included welding and replacing, but also, in a couple of cases, Super Glue and a surfboard repair kit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other perspective sees the law of diminishing returns at work. As Polar Star (now in her 40s) gets older, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/12/polar-missions-on-thin-ice-with-aging-equipment/\">she breaks more\u003c/a> — both more often and more seriously. More breakage not only imperils or at least alters the mission, as it did with Marble Point, but it also means more time in dry-dock, where repairs have to be hurriedly accomplished so that she can head out again for the next trip south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_485147\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-485147\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut.jpg\" alt=\"This view of Polar Star in dry-dock reveals the specially-shaped keel for riding up onto heavy ice.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"959\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-400x274.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-800x548.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-768x526.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-1180x808.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/RS12569_JV0A9031-qut-960x658.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This view of Polar Star in dry-dock reveals the specially-shaped keel for riding up onto heavy ice. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Between Deep Freeze and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/11/03/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">dry-dock in Vallejo\u003c/a>, Polar Star was out of home port something like 320 days. The day may well be at hand when Polar Star will only oscillate between going south and being fixed after going south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Next Time: The End of the World!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American (not the dictionary).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "El Niño Does Bring Floods And Drought, But There's A Silver Lining",
"title": "El Niño Does Bring Floods And Drought, But There's A Silver Lining",
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"content": "\u003cp>Maybe El Niño isn't as bad as its reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is an ocean-warming phenomenon in the Pacific that crops up every few years and alters world weather patterns. And the world is in the middle of a big El Niño that roughly began in May 2015 and will continue for at least several more months this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This El Niño has already been linked to a series of weather-related disasters: Massive flooding in Paraguay. Drought in Ethiopia. Another looming food crisis in Madagascar and Zimbabwe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all the doom and gloom, scientists say there's also a silver lining here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why, you need to go back to the last time the planet was hit by an El Niño this big — in 1997. That event, which lasted through 1998, seemed particularly devastating to poor countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people were looking around at the climate impacts and starting to create lists of how expensive that El Niño event was, how much damage it was costing,\" says Columbia University climate scientist \u003ca href=\"http://iri.columbia.edu/contact/staff-directory/lisa-goddard/\">Lisa Goddard\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as now, there was a lot to add up: flooding in Peru, drought-fueled wildfires in Indonesia, a severe malaria epidemic in Kenya caused by excessive rainfall. The tab reached into the tens of billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The conclusion that was coming out was that El Niño events were very costly, were very damaging, were very extreme,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Goddard, who heads Columbia's \u003ca href=\"http://iri.columbia.edu/\">International Research Institute for Climate and Society\u003c/a>, had her doubts. After all, she notes, \"Different parts of the world experience extreme climate in any year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were extreme weather disasters really more likely to occur across the world during El Niño years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was that they weren't,\" says Goddard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, what she and a colleague \u003ca href=\"http://iri.columbia.edu/~goddard/papers/Goddard_Dilley_2005.pdf\">concluded \u003c/a>after an extensive review of the data is that what distinguishes climate disasters during an El Niño isn't that they're more severe or more numerous. It's that El Niño-produced disasters are more ... predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goddard explains that scientists know an El Niño is coming when — for reasons that are not fully understood — the waters of the Pacific become unusually warm. That warming \"reorganizes the seasonal pattern of weather — like where the jet stream is carrying the storms,\" she says. The signature pattern of an El Niño has been well-documented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10841439\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10841439\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2016-01-22 at 10.36.38 AM\" width=\"780\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM.png 780w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM-400x311.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM-768x597.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, the stronger the El Niño, the more pronounced the effect — and therefore the more accurately scientists can predict the impacts. So this current, extra-powerful El Niño has offered governments and aid agencies a rare chance to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the United Nation's World Food Program. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfp.org/people/richard-choularton\">Richard Choularton\u003c/a> is overseeing a groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/releasing-disaster-funds-crises-would-transform-humanitarian-response\">shift \u003c/a>there. They're monitoring the El Niño forecasts to identify places where a natural disaster \u003cem>might\u003c/em> hit so they can send aid money proactively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, explains Choularton, \"If you need a certain amount of rainfall for a maize crop to grow, and the forecast says there's a 60 percent chance that you'll get less than that, we trigger funding for communities to do things that will help them deal with a drought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in this scenario that would mean there's a 40 percent chance there won't be a drought. The WFP could end up spending money that wasn't needed. But Choularton says it's worth the risk because preventive aid is so much cheaper than emergency aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In fact, this is what's given us the confidence to be able to say we should be able to act before something happens based on the forecast, because we know that we'll save money in the long run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WFP is setting up this pilot effort in five countries where El Niño-related weather could create food shortages in the coming months: Guatemala, Niger, Sudan, Zimbabwe and the Philippines. The International Red Cross has launched a similar program for Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's never happened before,\" says Choularton. \"It really is changing the fundamental way we do our work from one which is reactive to one which is anticipatory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, forewarned hasn't always meant forearmed in this El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially in Indonesia. Every fall, everyone from small farmers to big companies there set fires to clear land for palm oil production. It's always a problem. But this past year, the El Niño created extra-dry conditions. Any fires were bound to get out of control. And the government did spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course they told people about the situation,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://ccromseap.ipb.ac.id/web/profile/view/1\">Rizaldi Boer\u003c/a>, director of the Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management at Indonesia's Bogor Agricultural University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Boer says in many cases the warnings only encouraged people to set fires. They thought it would be the ideal year to do it, says Boer, because the fires would burn more easily and they could clear land more quickly. \"They really made use of the situation to get more land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result was fires that raged for weeks, choking the region with smoke, sickening hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boer says the solution for the next El Niño will be to give people a better reason \u003cem>not\u003c/em> to set fires — cracking down on offenders, of course, but just as important is offering financial rewards to villages that resist the temptation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "We're in the middle of an El Niño that's already caused weather-related disasters and will last at least several more months. Now for the good news.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Maybe El Niño isn't as bad as its reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is an ocean-warming phenomenon in the Pacific that crops up every few years and alters world weather patterns. And the world is in the middle of a big El Niño that roughly began in May 2015 and will continue for at least several more months this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This El Niño has already been linked to a series of weather-related disasters: Massive flooding in Paraguay. Drought in Ethiopia. Another looming food crisis in Madagascar and Zimbabwe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all the doom and gloom, scientists say there's also a silver lining here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand why, you need to go back to the last time the planet was hit by an El Niño this big — in 1997. That event, which lasted through 1998, seemed particularly devastating to poor countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people were looking around at the climate impacts and starting to create lists of how expensive that El Niño event was, how much damage it was costing,\" says Columbia University climate scientist \u003ca href=\"http://iri.columbia.edu/contact/staff-directory/lisa-goddard/\">Lisa Goddard\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as now, there was a lot to add up: flooding in Peru, drought-fueled wildfires in Indonesia, a severe malaria epidemic in Kenya caused by excessive rainfall. The tab reached into the tens of billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The conclusion that was coming out was that El Niño events were very costly, were very damaging, were very extreme,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Goddard, who heads Columbia's \u003ca href=\"http://iri.columbia.edu/\">International Research Institute for Climate and Society\u003c/a>, had her doubts. After all, she notes, \"Different parts of the world experience extreme climate in any year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were extreme weather disasters really more likely to occur across the world during El Niño years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was that they weren't,\" says Goddard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, what she and a colleague \u003ca href=\"http://iri.columbia.edu/~goddard/papers/Goddard_Dilley_2005.pdf\">concluded \u003c/a>after an extensive review of the data is that what distinguishes climate disasters during an El Niño isn't that they're more severe or more numerous. It's that El Niño-produced disasters are more ... predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goddard explains that scientists know an El Niño is coming when — for reasons that are not fully understood — the waters of the Pacific become unusually warm. That warming \"reorganizes the seasonal pattern of weather — like where the jet stream is carrying the storms,\" she says. The signature pattern of an El Niño has been well-documented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10841439\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10841439\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2016-01-22 at 10.36.38 AM\" width=\"780\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM.png 780w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM-400x311.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Screen-Shot-2016-01-22-at-10.36.38-AM-768x597.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, the stronger the El Niño, the more pronounced the effect — and therefore the more accurately scientists can predict the impacts. So this current, extra-powerful El Niño has offered governments and aid agencies a rare chance to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the United Nation's World Food Program. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfp.org/people/richard-choularton\">Richard Choularton\u003c/a> is overseeing a groundbreaking \u003ca href=\"http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/releasing-disaster-funds-crises-would-transform-humanitarian-response\">shift \u003c/a>there. They're monitoring the El Niño forecasts to identify places where a natural disaster \u003cem>might\u003c/em> hit so they can send aid money proactively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, explains Choularton, \"If you need a certain amount of rainfall for a maize crop to grow, and the forecast says there's a 60 percent chance that you'll get less than that, we trigger funding for communities to do things that will help them deal with a drought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in this scenario that would mean there's a 40 percent chance there won't be a drought. The WFP could end up spending money that wasn't needed. But Choularton says it's worth the risk because preventive aid is so much cheaper than emergency aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In fact, this is what's given us the confidence to be able to say we should be able to act before something happens based on the forecast, because we know that we'll save money in the long run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WFP is setting up this pilot effort in five countries where El Niño-related weather could create food shortages in the coming months: Guatemala, Niger, Sudan, Zimbabwe and the Philippines. The International Red Cross has launched a similar program for Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's never happened before,\" says Choularton. \"It really is changing the fundamental way we do our work from one which is reactive to one which is anticipatory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, forewarned hasn't always meant forearmed in this El Niño.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially in Indonesia. Every fall, everyone from small farmers to big companies there set fires to clear land for palm oil production. It's always a problem. But this past year, the El Niño created extra-dry conditions. Any fires were bound to get out of control. And the government did spread the word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course they told people about the situation,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://ccromseap.ipb.ac.id/web/profile/view/1\">Rizaldi Boer\u003c/a>, director of the Center for Climate Risk and Opportunity Management at Indonesia's Bogor Agricultural University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Boer says in many cases the warnings only encouraged people to set fires. They thought it would be the ideal year to do it, says Boer, because the fires would burn more easily and they could clear land more quickly. \"They really made use of the situation to get more land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result was fires that raged for weeks, choking the region with smoke, sickening hundreds of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boer says the solution for the next El Niño will be to give people a better reason \u003cem>not\u003c/em> to set fires — cracking down on offenders, of course, but just as important is offering financial rewards to villages that resist the temptation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The powerful California agency that manages development along the state’s fabled coastline may oust its top executive soon, setting up a battlefront between environmentalists and developers who frequently clash over projects large and small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential shake-up at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission\u003c/a> raises questions about the direction of an agency often caught in the friction between property owners and conservation along the 1,100-mile coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission’s chairman, Steve Kinsey, notified Executive Director Charles Lester in a letter released Wednesday that the panel \u003ca href=\"http://documents.coastal.ca.gov/assets/press-releases/dr-lester/edhearing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will consider whether to fire him\u003c/a> next month. Lester has held the post since 2011, and no reason was given for the proposed dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinsey did not return a phone call or email seeking comment. However, environmental activists suspect some commission members want to push out Lester to make way for management that would be more welcoming to development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Jordan of the California Coastal Protection Network said Lester’s ouster would leave the agency in turmoil and intimidate its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3f74YZQcq32EDiCmVMDMDtilsFn30xND”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about the homeowner who wants to build on the bluff. We are talking about billion-dollar projects,” Jordan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission has been at the center of fierce battles over beach access in celebrity enclaves, and it’s facing a lawsuit after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/06/new-bill-would-phase-out-captivity-public-display-of-orcas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banning SeaWorld from breeding captive killer whales\u003c/a> at its San Diego marine park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move to replace Lester comes in the midst of a long-running review of a proposed development of nearly 1,400 homes, a resort and retail space known as Banning Ranch in the Newport Beach area. Companies involved in the project include real estate firm Brooks Street, Cherokee Investment Partners and Aera Energy, which is jointly owned by affiliates of Royal Dutch Shell PLC and Exxon Mobil Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing of this may be very relative to the Banning Ranch case,” said Steve Ray, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://banningranchconservancy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banning Ranch Conservancy\u003c/a>, which wants the 400-acre site to remain open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the last, large piece of unprotected open space left on the Southern California coast. This is the last big battle,” Ray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10841446\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10841446\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg\" alt=\"Despite Banning Ranch's history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it's "incredibly rich in biological resources."\" width=\"800\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-400x368.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-768x706.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1440x1324.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1180x1085.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-960x883.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Despite Banning Ranch’s history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it’s “incredibly rich in biological resources.” \u003ccite>(ltenney1225/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lester, quoted in a media report last year, was skeptical of the project. Coastal Commission staff had recommended denial of the plan and thought developers didn’t work hard enough to identify sensitive habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is incredibly rich in biological resources,” Lester told the Orange County Register in October. “Despite its history of oil development, it deserves a more sensitive and creative effort to address the Coastal Act requirements than we have seen to date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission spokeswoman Noaki Schwartz said in an email that Lester was not available for comment. She said he has exercised his right to have a public hearing on his possible dismissal, which will take place Feb. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former commissioner Steve Blank, who was viewed as an environmental advocate and resigned in 2013, said the move to oust Lester was not a surprise and that developers have long sought greater influence at the agency that regulates them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a change in top management “the end result will be the paving of the California coast, because Charles Lester is the most reasonable guy you will ever get on the commission,” he said. “I don’t understand why (Gov. Jerry Brown) wants this as his legacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, a Democrat who appoints four of the commission’s 12 voting members, declined to comment on Lester’s possible dismissal through a spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The powerful California agency that manages development along the state’s fabled coastline may oust its top executive soon, setting up a battlefront between environmentalists and developers who frequently clash over projects large and small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential shake-up at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal Commission\u003c/a> raises questions about the direction of an agency often caught in the friction between property owners and conservation along the 1,100-mile coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission’s chairman, Steve Kinsey, notified Executive Director Charles Lester in a letter released Wednesday that the panel \u003ca href=\"http://documents.coastal.ca.gov/assets/press-releases/dr-lester/edhearing.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">will consider whether to fire him\u003c/a> next month. Lester has held the post since 2011, and no reason was given for the proposed dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinsey did not return a phone call or email seeking comment. However, environmental activists suspect some commission members want to push out Lester to make way for management that would be more welcoming to development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Jordan of the California Coastal Protection Network said Lester’s ouster would leave the agency in turmoil and intimidate its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about the homeowner who wants to build on the bluff. We are talking about billion-dollar projects,” Jordan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission has been at the center of fierce battles over beach access in celebrity enclaves, and it’s facing a lawsuit after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/06/new-bill-would-phase-out-captivity-public-display-of-orcas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banning SeaWorld from breeding captive killer whales\u003c/a> at its San Diego marine park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move to replace Lester comes in the midst of a long-running review of a proposed development of nearly 1,400 homes, a resort and retail space known as Banning Ranch in the Newport Beach area. Companies involved in the project include real estate firm Brooks Street, Cherokee Investment Partners and Aera Energy, which is jointly owned by affiliates of Royal Dutch Shell PLC and Exxon Mobil Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The timing of this may be very relative to the Banning Ranch case,” said Steve Ray, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://banningranchconservancy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Banning Ranch Conservancy\u003c/a>, which wants the 400-acre site to remain open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the last, large piece of unprotected open space left on the Southern California coast. This is the last big battle,” Ray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10841446\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10841446\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg\" alt=\"Despite Banning Ranch's history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it's "incredibly rich in biological resources."\" width=\"800\" height=\"735\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-800x735.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-400x368.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-768x706.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1440x1324.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-1180x1085.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/BanningRanch-960x883.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Despite Banning Ranch’s history of oil development, Coastal Commission director Charles Lester says it’s “incredibly rich in biological resources.” \u003ccite>(ltenney1225/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lester, quoted in a media report last year, was skeptical of the project. Coastal Commission staff had recommended denial of the plan and thought developers didn’t work hard enough to identify sensitive habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is incredibly rich in biological resources,” Lester told the Orange County Register in October. “Despite its history of oil development, it deserves a more sensitive and creative effort to address the Coastal Act requirements than we have seen to date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commission spokeswoman Noaki Schwartz said in an email that Lester was not available for comment. She said he has exercised his right to have a public hearing on his possible dismissal, which will take place Feb. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former commissioner Steve Blank, who was viewed as an environmental advocate and resigned in 2013, said the move to oust Lester was not a surprise and that developers have long sought greater influence at the agency that regulates them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a change in top management “the end result will be the paving of the California coast, because Charles Lester is the most reasonable guy you will ever get on the commission,” he said. “I don’t understand why (Gov. Jerry Brown) wants this as his legacy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, a Democrat who appoints four of the commission’s 12 voting members, declined to comment on Lester’s possible dismissal through a spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Our stormy January has produced a series of cool pictures from space. I’m partial to the photomosaics published every day on \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\">NASA’s Worldview\u003c/a> site. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You need to be a little patient each day, as the northern Pacific, where our weather is coming from is generally the last part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/21/january-storms-bay-area-california\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/21/january-storms-bay-area-california\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Bay Area, You’ve Got Another Date With a Storm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Our stormy January has produced a series of cool pictures from space. I’m partial to the photomosaics published every day on \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"https://earthdata.nasa.gov/labs/worldview/\">NASA’s Worldview\u003c/a> site. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You need to be a little patient each day, as the northern Pacific, where our weather is coming from is generally the last part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/21/january-storms-bay-area-california\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/21/january-storms-bay-area-california\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Bay Area, You’ve Got Another Date With a Storm\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Save the Bay Co-Founder Sylvia McLaughlin Dies",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>’s last living founder, Sylvia McLaughlin, died at her home in Berkeley on Tuesday. She was 99. The organization helped kick off the modern, grassroots environmental movement in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, San Francisco Bay was in dire shape. There were plans to fill in most of it for development, leaving just a narrow channel of water. The Bay was regularly filled to provide space for ports, industry, airports, homes, and even garbage dumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families didn’t stroll along the shoreline because it was rife with trash and industrial development. The wetlands and wildlife were quickly disappearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaughlin could not sit by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_483245\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3407px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-483245 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown.jpg\" alt=\"Save the Bay’s founders: Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin, and Kay Kerr.\" width=\"3407\" height=\"2080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown.jpg 3407w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-400x244.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-800x488.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-768x469.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-1440x879.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-1920x1172.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-1180x720.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-960x586.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3407px) 100vw, 3407px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Save the Bay’s founders: Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin, and Kay Kerr. \u003ccite>(Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She and friends Kay Kerr and Esther Gulick started a movement to stop Berkeley’s plan to fill in 2,000 acres of the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a bold undertaking for a woman married to the head of a major mining company. McLaughlin’s husband was Donald McLaughlin, president of Homestake Mining Co.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was also 1961. The term “environmentalism” had not yet entered the popular lexicon and many didn’t support the women’s campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/14/the-amazing-transformation-of-san-franciscos-sludge-puddle/\">KQED’s Amy Standen reported in 2011\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>McLaughlin says it was not always a popular position to take. “I got called all kinds of names, not very complementary,” she recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while developers complained, Save the Bay was growing as an organization, in ways that other groups hadn’t thought to do in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They very wisely turned themselves into a mass organization by charging $1 for membership,” says UC Berkeley professor of geology Richard Walker. “And they very quickly had thousands, even tens of thousands of members within two years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its vast membership, Save the Bay rallied the media. Pete Seeger even wrote a song about the Bay, calling it a “sludge puddle, sad and gray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this point, says Walker, environmentalism had been a small, elite movement. But Save the Bay changed that.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Over the years, McLaughlin won victories to open parks and restore public access to the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a cleaner, healthier and more vibrant Bay because of Sylvia’s efforts,” Save The Bay Executive Director David Lewis said in a statement. “Her drive, determination and spark will remain an inspiration to us all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A memorial service will be held on Tuesday, Feb. 2 at 4 p.m., at St. Mark’s Episcopal Church in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/04/21/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\">KQED interview\u003c/a> with McLaughlin about why she started Save the Bay:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50opyKckcXE?start=216]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savesfbay.org/\">Save the Bay\u003c/a>’s last living founder, Sylvia McLaughlin, died at her home in Berkeley on Tuesday. She was 99. The organization helped kick off the modern, grassroots environmental movement in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1950s, San Francisco Bay was in dire shape. There were plans to fill in most of it for development, leaving just a narrow channel of water. The Bay was regularly filled to provide space for ports, industry, airports, homes, and even garbage dumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families didn’t stroll along the shoreline because it was rife with trash and industrial development. The wetlands and wildlife were quickly disappearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaughlin could not sit by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_483245\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3407px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-483245 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown.jpg\" alt=\"Save the Bay’s founders: Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin, and Kay Kerr.\" width=\"3407\" height=\"2080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown.jpg 3407w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-400x244.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-800x488.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-768x469.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-1440x879.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-1920x1172.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-1180x720.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Save-The-Bay-Founders-photographer-unknown-960x586.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3407px) 100vw, 3407px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Save the Bay’s founders: Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin, and Kay Kerr. \u003ccite>(Save the Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She and friends Kay Kerr and Esther Gulick started a movement to stop Berkeley’s plan to fill in 2,000 acres of the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a bold undertaking for a woman married to the head of a major mining company. McLaughlin’s husband was Donald McLaughlin, president of Homestake Mining Co.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was also 1961. The term “environmentalism” had not yet entered the popular lexicon and many didn’t support the women’s campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/10/14/the-amazing-transformation-of-san-franciscos-sludge-puddle/\">KQED’s Amy Standen reported in 2011\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>McLaughlin says it was not always a popular position to take. “I got called all kinds of names, not very complementary,” she recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while developers complained, Save the Bay was growing as an organization, in ways that other groups hadn’t thought to do in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They very wisely turned themselves into a mass organization by charging $1 for membership,” says UC Berkeley professor of geology Richard Walker. “And they very quickly had thousands, even tens of thousands of members within two years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to its vast membership, Save the Bay rallied the media. Pete Seeger even wrote a song about the Bay, calling it a “sludge puddle, sad and gray.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this point, says Walker, environmentalism had been a small, elite movement. But Save the Bay changed that.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Over the years, McLaughlin won victories to open parks and restore public access to the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a cleaner, healthier and more vibrant Bay because of Sylvia’s efforts,” Save The Bay Executive Director David Lewis said in a statement. “Her drive, determination and spark will remain an inspiration to us all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A memorial service will be held on Tuesday, Feb. 2 at 4 p.m., at St. Mark’s Episcopal Church in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/04/21/earth-day-tv-special-where-weve-been-where-were-headed/\">KQED interview\u003c/a> with McLaughlin about why she started Save the Bay:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/50opyKckcXE?start=216'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/50opyKckcXE?start=216'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Six-Legged Giant Finds Secret Hideaway, Hides for 80 Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>No, this isn’t a make-believe place. It’s real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They call it “Ball’s Pyramid.” It’s what’s left of an old volcano that emerged from the sea about 7 million years ago. A British naval officer named Ball was the first European to see it in 1788. It sits off Australia, in the South Pacific. It is extremely narrow, 1,844 feet high, and it sits alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, for years this place had a secret. At 225 feet above sea level, hanging on the rock surface, there is a small, spindly little bush, and under that bush, a few years ago, two climbers, working in the dark, found something totally improbable hiding in the soil below. How it got there, we still don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the story: About 13 miles from this spindle of rock, there’s a bigger island, called Lord Howe Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481268\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 749px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-481268\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobsters.jpg\" alt=\"Dryococelus australis live on Ball's Pyramid off the east coast of Australia and, as best we know, live nowhere else.\" width=\"749\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobsters.jpg 749w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobsters-400x534.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 749px) 100vw, 749px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dryococelus australis live on Ball’s Pyramid off the east coast of Australia and, as best we know, live nowhere else. \u003ccite>(Rod Morris)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Lord Howe, there used to be an insect, famous for being big. It’s a stick insect, a critter that masquerades as a piece of wood, and the Lord Howe Island version was so large — as big as a human hand — that the Europeans labeled it a “tree lobster” because of its size and hard, lobsterlike exoskeleton. It was 12 centimeters long and the heaviest flightless stick insect in the world. Local fishermen used to put them on fishing hooks and use them as bait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day in 1918, a supply ship, the S.S. Makambo from Britain, ran aground at Lord Howe Island and had to be evacuated. One passenger drowned. The rest were put ashore. It took nine days to repair the Makambo, and during that time, some black rats managed to get from the ship to the island, where they instantly discovered a delicious new rat food: giant stick insects. Two years later, the rats were everywhere and the tree lobsters were gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Totally gone. After 1920, there wasn’t a single sighting. By 1960, the Lord Howe stick insect, \u003cem>Dryococelus australis\u003c/em>, was presumed extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a rumor, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some climbers scaling Ball’s Pyramid in the 1960s said they’d seen a few stick insect corpses lying on the rocks that looked “recently dead.” But the species is nocturnal, and nobody wanted to scale the spire hunting for bugs in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climbing the Pyramid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 2001, when two Australian scientists, David Priddel and Nicholas Carlile, with two assistants, decided to take a closer look. From the water, they’d seen a few patches of vegetation that just might support walking sticks. So, they boated over. (“Swimming would have been much easier,” Carlile said, “but there are too many sharks.”) They crawled up the vertical rock face to about 500 feet, where they found a few crickets, nothing special. But on their way down, on a precarious, unstable rock surface, they saw a single melaleuca bush peeping out of a crack and, underneath, what looked like fresh droppings of some large insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-481269\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster-800x600.jpg\" alt='Two of the insects dubbed \"Adam\" and \"Eve,\" were taken to the Melbourne Zoo and placed in an invertebrate conservation breeding group.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two of the insects dubbed “Adam” and “Eve,” were taken to the Melbourne Zoo and placed in an invertebrate conservation breeding group. \u003ccite>(Patrick Honan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Where, they wondered, did that poop come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing to do was to go back up after dark, with flashlights and cameras, to see if the pooper would be out taking a nighttime walk. Nick Carlile and a local ranger, Dean Hiscox, agreed to make the climb. And with flashlights, they scaled the wall till they reached the plant, and there, spread out on the bushy surface, were two enormous, shiny, black-looking bodies. And below those two, slithering into the muck, were more, and more … 24 in all. All gathered near this one plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were alive and, to Nick Carlile’s eye, enormous. Looking at them, he said, “It felt like stepping back into the Jurassic age, when insects ruled the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were \u003cem>Dryococelus australis. \u003c/em>A search the next morning, and two years later, concluded these are the only ones on Ball’s Pyramid, the last ones. They live there, and, as best we know, nowhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481189\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-481189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Nick Carlile, seen here with the Lord Howe Island stick insect, discovered the thought-to-be extinct phasmid in 2001 on Ball's Pyramid.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae.jpg 885w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Carlile, seen here with the Lord Howe Island stick insect, discovered the thought-to-be extinct phasmid in 2001 on Ball’s Pyramid. \u003ccite>(Patrick Honan/Nick Carlile)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How they got there is a mystery. Maybe they hitchhiked on birds, or traveled with fishermen, and how they survived for so long on just a single patch of plants, nobody knows either. The important thing, the scientists thought, was to get a few of these insects protected and into a breeding program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That wasn’t so easy. The Australian government didn’t know if the animals on Ball’s Pyramid could or should be moved. There were meetings, studies, two years passed, and finally officials agreed to allow four animals to be retrieved. Just four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the team went back to collect them, it turned out there had been a rock slide on the mountain, and at first they feared that the whole population had been wiped out. But when they got back up to the site, on Valentine’s Day 2003, the animals were still there, sitting on and around their bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was to take one pair and give it to a man who was very familiar with mainland walking stick insects, a private breeder living in Sydney. He got his pair, but within two weeks, they died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adam and Eve and Patrick\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That left the other two. They were named “Adam” and “Eve,” taken to the Melbourne Zoo and placed with Patrick Honan, of the zoo’s invertebrate conservation breeding group. At first, everything went well. Eve began laying little pea-shaped eggs, exactly as hoped. But then she got sick. According to biologist Jane Goodall, \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2009/sep/16-jane-goodall-on-the-lazarus-effect\">writing for Discover Magazine\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Eve became very, very sick. Patrick … worked every night for a month desperately trying to cure her. … Eventually, based on gut instinct, Patrick concocted a mixture that included calcium and nectar and fed it to his patient, drop by drop, as she lay curled up in his hand.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 505px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-481190\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/phasmidae_dryococelus-austr-d589e304d45fe69d0a8de24985a3dc1a8cb146b7.jpg\" alt=\"Male Lord Howe Island Stick Insect K.\" width=\"505\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/phasmidae_dryococelus-austr-d589e304d45fe69d0a8de24985a3dc1a8cb146b7.jpg 505w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/phasmidae_dryococelus-austr-d589e304d45fe69d0a8de24985a3dc1a8cb146b7-400x301.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Male Lord Howe Island Stick Insect K. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bulbert/The Australian Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her recovery was almost instant. Patrick \u003ca href=\"http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2441929.htm\">told the Australian Broadcasting Company\u003c/a>, “She went from being on her back curled up in my hand, almost as good as dead, to being up and walking around within a couple of hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eve’s eggs were harvested, incubated (though it turns out only the first 30 were fertile) and became the foundation of the zoo’s new population of walking sticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jane Goodall visited in 2008, Patrick showed her rows and rows of incubating eggs: 11,376 at that time, with about 700 adults in the captive population. Lord Howe Island walking sticks seem to pair off — \u003ca href=\"http://www.aszk.org.au/docs/lhisi.pdf\">an unusual insect behavior\u003c/a> — and Goodall says Patrick “showed me photos of how they sleep at night, in pairs, the male with three of his legs protectively over the female beside him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now comes the question that bedevils all such conservation rescue stories. Once a rare animal is safe at the zoo, when can we release it back to the wild?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://vimeo.com/14413689\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Lord Howe Island, their former habitat, the great-great-great-grandkids of those original black rats are still out and about, presumably hungry and still a problem. Step one, therefore, would be to mount an intensive (and expensive) rat annihilation program. Residents would, no doubt, be happy to go rat-free, but not every Lord Howe islander wants to make the neighborhood safe for gigantic, hard-shell crawling insects. So the Melbourne Museum is mulling over a public relations campaign to make these insects more … well, adorable, or noble, or whatever it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recently made a video, with strumming guitars, featuring a brand new baby emerging from its egg. The newborn is emerald green, squirmy and so long, it just keeps coming and coming from an impossibly small container. Will this soften the hearts of Lord Howe islanders? I dunno. It’s so … so … big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, hey, why don’t you look for yourself?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens next? The story is simple: A bunch of black rats almost wiped out a bunch of gigantic bugs on a little island far, far away from most of us. A few dedicated scientists, passionate about biological diversity, risked their lives to keep the bugs going. For the bugs to get their homes and their future back doesn’t depend on scientists anymore. They’ve done their job. Now it’s up to the folks on Lord Howe Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will ordinary Janes and Joes, going about their days, agree to spend a little extra effort and money to preserve an animal that isn’t what most of us would call beautiful? Its main attraction is that it has lived on the planet for a long time, and we have the power to keep it around. I don’t know if it will work, but in the end, that’s the walking stick’s best argument:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m still here. Don’t let me go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Six-Legged+Giant+Finds+Secret+Hideaway%2C+Hides+For+80+Years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The insect is so large — as big as a human hand — it's been dubbed a \"tree lobster.\" Presumed extinct, some enterprising entomologists found them on a barren hunk of rock in the middle of the ocean.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>No, this isn’t a make-believe place. It’s real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They call it “Ball’s Pyramid.” It’s what’s left of an old volcano that emerged from the sea about 7 million years ago. A British naval officer named Ball was the first European to see it in 1788. It sits off Australia, in the South Pacific. It is extremely narrow, 1,844 feet high, and it sits alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, for years this place had a secret. At 225 feet above sea level, hanging on the rock surface, there is a small, spindly little bush, and under that bush, a few years ago, two climbers, working in the dark, found something totally improbable hiding in the soil below. How it got there, we still don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the story: About 13 miles from this spindle of rock, there’s a bigger island, called Lord Howe Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481268\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 749px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-481268\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobsters.jpg\" alt=\"Dryococelus australis live on Ball's Pyramid off the east coast of Australia and, as best we know, live nowhere else.\" width=\"749\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobsters.jpg 749w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobsters-400x534.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 749px) 100vw, 749px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dryococelus australis live on Ball’s Pyramid off the east coast of Australia and, as best we know, live nowhere else. \u003ccite>(Rod Morris)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Lord Howe, there used to be an insect, famous for being big. It’s a stick insect, a critter that masquerades as a piece of wood, and the Lord Howe Island version was so large — as big as a human hand — that the Europeans labeled it a “tree lobster” because of its size and hard, lobsterlike exoskeleton. It was 12 centimeters long and the heaviest flightless stick insect in the world. Local fishermen used to put them on fishing hooks and use them as bait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day in 1918, a supply ship, the S.S. Makambo from Britain, ran aground at Lord Howe Island and had to be evacuated. One passenger drowned. The rest were put ashore. It took nine days to repair the Makambo, and during that time, some black rats managed to get from the ship to the island, where they instantly discovered a delicious new rat food: giant stick insects. Two years later, the rats were everywhere and the tree lobsters were gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Totally gone. After 1920, there wasn’t a single sighting. By 1960, the Lord Howe stick insect, \u003cem>Dryococelus australis\u003c/em>, was presumed extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a rumor, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some climbers scaling Ball’s Pyramid in the 1960s said they’d seen a few stick insect corpses lying on the rocks that looked “recently dead.” But the species is nocturnal, and nobody wanted to scale the spire hunting for bugs in the dark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climbing the Pyramid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to 2001, when two Australian scientists, David Priddel and Nicholas Carlile, with two assistants, decided to take a closer look. From the water, they’d seen a few patches of vegetation that just might support walking sticks. So, they boated over. (“Swimming would have been much easier,” Carlile said, “but there are too many sharks.”) They crawled up the vertical rock face to about 500 feet, where they found a few crickets, nothing special. But on their way down, on a precarious, unstable rock surface, they saw a single melaleuca bush peeping out of a crack and, underneath, what looked like fresh droppings of some large insect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481269\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-481269\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster-800x600.jpg\" alt='Two of the insects dubbed \"Adam\" and \"Eve,\" were taken to the Melbourne Zoo and placed in an invertebrate conservation breeding group.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/tree-lobster-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two of the insects dubbed “Adam” and “Eve,” were taken to the Melbourne Zoo and placed in an invertebrate conservation breeding group. \u003ccite>(Patrick Honan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Where, they wondered, did that poop come from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing to do was to go back up after dark, with flashlights and cameras, to see if the pooper would be out taking a nighttime walk. Nick Carlile and a local ranger, Dean Hiscox, agreed to make the climb. And with flashlights, they scaled the wall till they reached the plant, and there, spread out on the bushy surface, were two enormous, shiny, black-looking bodies. And below those two, slithering into the muck, were more, and more … 24 in all. All gathered near this one plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were alive and, to Nick Carlile’s eye, enormous. Looking at them, he said, “It felt like stepping back into the Jurassic age, when insects ruled the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were \u003cem>Dryococelus australis. \u003c/em>A search the next morning, and two years later, concluded these are the only ones on Ball’s Pyramid, the last ones. They live there, and, as best we know, nowhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481189\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-481189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Nick Carlile, seen here with the Lord Howe Island stick insect, discovered the thought-to-be extinct phasmid in 2001 on Ball's Pyramid.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/carlile_nick-1585e09358e9517becd94e66ac7086e50bafddae.jpg 885w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nick Carlile, seen here with the Lord Howe Island stick insect, discovered the thought-to-be extinct phasmid in 2001 on Ball’s Pyramid. \u003ccite>(Patrick Honan/Nick Carlile)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>How they got there is a mystery. Maybe they hitchhiked on birds, or traveled with fishermen, and how they survived for so long on just a single patch of plants, nobody knows either. The important thing, the scientists thought, was to get a few of these insects protected and into a breeding program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That wasn’t so easy. The Australian government didn’t know if the animals on Ball’s Pyramid could or should be moved. There were meetings, studies, two years passed, and finally officials agreed to allow four animals to be retrieved. Just four.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the team went back to collect them, it turned out there had been a rock slide on the mountain, and at first they feared that the whole population had been wiped out. But when they got back up to the site, on Valentine’s Day 2003, the animals were still there, sitting on and around their bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was to take one pair and give it to a man who was very familiar with mainland walking stick insects, a private breeder living in Sydney. He got his pair, but within two weeks, they died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adam and Eve and Patrick\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That left the other two. They were named “Adam” and “Eve,” taken to the Melbourne Zoo and placed with Patrick Honan, of the zoo’s invertebrate conservation breeding group. At first, everything went well. Eve began laying little pea-shaped eggs, exactly as hoped. But then she got sick. According to biologist Jane Goodall, \u003ca href=\"http://discovermagazine.com/2009/sep/16-jane-goodall-on-the-lazarus-effect\">writing for Discover Magazine\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Eve became very, very sick. Patrick … worked every night for a month desperately trying to cure her. … Eventually, based on gut instinct, Patrick concocted a mixture that included calcium and nectar and fed it to his patient, drop by drop, as she lay curled up in his hand.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_481190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 505px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-481190\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/phasmidae_dryococelus-austr-d589e304d45fe69d0a8de24985a3dc1a8cb146b7.jpg\" alt=\"Male Lord Howe Island Stick Insect K.\" width=\"505\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/phasmidae_dryococelus-austr-d589e304d45fe69d0a8de24985a3dc1a8cb146b7.jpg 505w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2012/02/phasmidae_dryococelus-austr-d589e304d45fe69d0a8de24985a3dc1a8cb146b7-400x301.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 505px) 100vw, 505px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Male Lord Howe Island Stick Insect K. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bulbert/The Australian Museum)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her recovery was almost instant. Patrick \u003ca href=\"http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2441929.htm\">told the Australian Broadcasting Company\u003c/a>, “She went from being on her back curled up in my hand, almost as good as dead, to being up and walking around within a couple of hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eve’s eggs were harvested, incubated (though it turns out only the first 30 were fertile) and became the foundation of the zoo’s new population of walking sticks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jane Goodall visited in 2008, Patrick showed her rows and rows of incubating eggs: 11,376 at that time, with about 700 adults in the captive population. Lord Howe Island walking sticks seem to pair off — \u003ca href=\"http://www.aszk.org.au/docs/lhisi.pdf\">an unusual insect behavior\u003c/a> — and Goodall says Patrick “showed me photos of how they sleep at night, in pairs, the male with three of his legs protectively over the female beside him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now comes the question that bedevils all such conservation rescue stories. Once a rare animal is safe at the zoo, when can we release it back to the wild?\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Lord Howe Island, their former habitat, the great-great-great-grandkids of those original black rats are still out and about, presumably hungry and still a problem. Step one, therefore, would be to mount an intensive (and expensive) rat annihilation program. Residents would, no doubt, be happy to go rat-free, but not every Lord Howe islander wants to make the neighborhood safe for gigantic, hard-shell crawling insects. So the Melbourne Museum is mulling over a public relations campaign to make these insects more … well, adorable, or noble, or whatever it takes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They recently made a video, with strumming guitars, featuring a brand new baby emerging from its egg. The newborn is emerald green, squirmy and so long, it just keeps coming and coming from an impossibly small container. Will this soften the hearts of Lord Howe islanders? I dunno. It’s so … so … big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, hey, why don’t you look for yourself?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens next? The story is simple: A bunch of black rats almost wiped out a bunch of gigantic bugs on a little island far, far away from most of us. A few dedicated scientists, passionate about biological diversity, risked their lives to keep the bugs going. For the bugs to get their homes and their future back doesn’t depend on scientists anymore. They’ve done their job. Now it’s up to the folks on Lord Howe Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will ordinary Janes and Joes, going about their days, agree to spend a little extra effort and money to preserve an animal that isn’t what most of us would call beautiful? Its main attraction is that it has lived on the planet for a long time, and we have the power to keep it around. I don’t know if it will work, but in the end, that’s the walking stick’s best argument:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m still here. Don’t let me go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Six-Legged+Giant+Finds+Secret+Hideaway%2C+Hides+For+80+Years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Look at the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Sunday-Monday Soaking",
"headTitle": "A Look at the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Sunday-Monday Soaking | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>While we get a few hours to dry out — yes, after the soaking we got Sunday night and early Monday we’re going to partly withdraw complaints about errant weather models and \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/23/ok-so-where-is-this-el-nino-already\">the feeble effects so far of El Niño\u003c/a> — let us take stock of how much \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/18/how-much-rain-fell-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/18/how-much-rain-fell-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A Look at the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Sunday-Monday Soaking\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Region gets ready for another storm Tuesday after two weeks of on and off rain that have dropped a foot or more of rain on the wettest locations.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While we get a few hours to dry out — yes, after the soaking we got Sunday night and early Monday we’re going to partly withdraw complaints about errant weather models and \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/23/ok-so-where-is-this-el-nino-already\">the feeble effects so far of El Niño\u003c/a> — let us take stock of how much \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/18/how-much-rain-fell-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/18/how-much-rain-fell-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_self\" title=\"A Look at the Bay Area Rain Gauge After Sunday-Monday Soaking\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The fourth \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">in a series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star, on its annual resupply mission to the Antarctic research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about a week, we encounter ice. Like a Popsicle on a hot day, my feelings about it changed fast and were never quite the same after. Here is a full and true account of my relationship with ice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 9 – Miles of Ice to Get Through\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat Polar Star really is, is the world’s greatest toy. She’s a big red boat that smashes up ice and makes a terrific sound as she’s doing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_474305\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-474305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Polar Star's movement is difficult because the cut ice has nowhere to go. Subsequent maneuvers put huge cracks called leads between the ice. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polar Star’s movement is difficult because the cut ice has nowhere to go. Subsequent maneuvers put huge cracks called leads between the ice. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This spirit of playfulness infects the first days of icebreaking. We’ve reached the ice coming off Ross Island, which is home to Mt. Byrd, Mt. Terror and Mt. Erebus–an active volcano. And somewhere up there, on the other side of the island is McMurdo Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We celebrate with a day off the ship, playing around on the ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hop off with the crew and soon orcas and minke whales pop up in the open water at the stern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People smoke cigars on the ice and play football and walk around to nowhere in particular. I spot a group of people standing around a couple of toddlers running around flailing their arms. What in the screaming heck is that? Penguins. They’ve found us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be the strangest and most amazing place in the world. Penguins, whales, a volcano, a big sheet of ice, us and a boat are near the coldest and driest place on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pod of orcas shows up in the pool behind the ship, spy-hopping like great big Whack-a-Moles. One of them, before disappearing back into the dark waters, winks at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_474308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-474308\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Crabeater seals lounge on the ice in front of the Polar Star.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crabeater seals lounge on the ice in front of the Polar Star. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 10 – Carving Our Way to McMurdo Research Station\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe ice is one big sheet connected to Ross Island and we’re going to jigsaw it apart with this ship. We’ll cut a straight line through all that gleaming whiteness for the next few days and then carve a turning basin somewhere up ahead for the supply ships to maneuver near McMurdo, then head back out, then come back, and on and on, “turning big ice into little ice,” as they say around here. Sounds like a real hoot!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 12 – Land Ahoy!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Everything rattles on its hinges, except your teeth, which rattle in their sockets.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amid all the ship’s shaking, I finally see McMurdo Station! It looks like a moon base or a mining town or a mining town on the moon, perched as it is on the barren black rock of Ross Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 13 – Chattering Teeth \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIce mostly comes in white and blue. When I get tired of looking at it, I can go below and feel it as though I’m sensing the world in Braille.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living on a ship as it breaks through five to eight feet of ice is exactly what you’d imagine. You’re living through a controlled earthquake during the day and at night it’s like sleeping through a car crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything rattles on its hinges, except your teeth, which rattle in their sockets. You’re troubled by how quickly you come awake when they start smashing ice at 0800 and then you’re troubled a few days later by how easily you sleep through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh and here comes McMurdo again, still just sitting there, not in the ice, not vibrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 14 – Things Break\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_474311\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-474311\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Machinery technician Ryan Copeland replaces an eye-screw that holds an important part of the shaft hydraulics in place. The shaft vibrations stripped this part and the ship stopped for several hours while it was replaced. \" width=\"353\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench.jpg 853w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machinery technician Ryan Copeland replaces an eye-screw that holds an important part of the shaft hydraulics in place. The shaft vibrations stripped this part and the ship stopped for several hours while it was replaced. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s a fun game to play:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Build a state-of-the-art icebreaking vessel 44 years ago.\u003cbr>\n2. Send it all around the world. Let it age.\u003cbr>\n3. Retire it for a couple of years. Unretire it.\u003cbr>\n4. Send it to Antarctica.\u003cbr>\n5. Watch how many things break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrations are hell on this ship. Screws unscrew. Things break. And the mechanics who repair this ship on a (no kidding) daily basis do not seem ruffled when bolts shear off or alarm bells wail. They climb down into the guts of the thing, repair it, and we’re back underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 15 – We May Be Crazy\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nI’m going to tell you something: There’s a lot of goddamn ice in the world. And the real aim of Operation Deep Freeze is apparently to run over all of it. The ice in your freezer? Polar Star makes every single cube. You know who doesn’t think about this? The people over at McMurdo who are probably laughing at us right now as we mow their lawn. And come to think of it, you’re probably laughing at us too: you with your liquid water up there, laughing as we make our way through a great big diaper of ice on the world’s chilly bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American (not the dictionary). On Twitter @sonnyborderland.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The fourth \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/breaking-the-ice/\">in a series of dispatches\u003c/a> from freelance writer Brandon Reynolds aboard the USCG icebreaker Polar Star, on its annual resupply mission to the Antarctic research base, McMurdo Station. It’s a critical task imperiled by the nation’s aging, shrinking fleet of ice-breaking ships.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about a week, we encounter ice. Like a Popsicle on a hot day, my feelings about it changed fast and were never quite the same after. Here is a full and true account of my relationship with ice:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 9 – Miles of Ice to Get Through\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWhat Polar Star really is, is the world’s greatest toy. She’s a big red boat that smashes up ice and makes a terrific sound as she’s doing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_474305\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-474305\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Polar Star's movement is difficult because the cut ice has nowhere to go. Subsequent maneuvers put huge cracks called leads between the ice. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Ship-breaking-through-the-ice.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polar Star’s movement is difficult because the cut ice has nowhere to go. Subsequent maneuvers put huge cracks called leads between the ice. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This spirit of playfulness infects the first days of icebreaking. We’ve reached the ice coming off Ross Island, which is home to Mt. Byrd, Mt. Terror and Mt. Erebus–an active volcano. And somewhere up there, on the other side of the island is McMurdo Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We celebrate with a day off the ship, playing around on the ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hop off with the crew and soon orcas and minke whales pop up in the open water at the stern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People smoke cigars on the ice and play football and walk around to nowhere in particular. I spot a group of people standing around a couple of toddlers running around flailing their arms. What in the screaming heck is that? Penguins. They’ve found us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This may be the strangest and most amazing place in the world. Penguins, whales, a volcano, a big sheet of ice, us and a boat are near the coldest and driest place on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pod of orcas shows up in the pool behind the ship, spy-hopping like great big Whack-a-Moles. One of them, before disappearing back into the dark waters, winks at me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_474308\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-474308\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Crabeater seals lounge on the ice in front of the Polar Star.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Seals-on-ice.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crabeater seals lounge on the ice in front of the Polar Star. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 10 – Carving Our Way to McMurdo Research Station\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe ice is one big sheet connected to Ross Island and we’re going to jigsaw it apart with this ship. We’ll cut a straight line through all that gleaming whiteness for the next few days and then carve a turning basin somewhere up ahead for the supply ships to maneuver near McMurdo, then head back out, then come back, and on and on, “turning big ice into little ice,” as they say around here. Sounds like a real hoot!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 12 – Land Ahoy!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Everything rattles on its hinges, except your teeth, which rattle in their sockets.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amid all the ship’s shaking, I finally see McMurdo Station! It looks like a moon base or a mining town or a mining town on the moon, perched as it is on the barren black rock of Ross Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 13 – Chattering Teeth \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIce mostly comes in white and blue. When I get tired of looking at it, I can go below and feel it as though I’m sensing the world in Braille.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living on a ship as it breaks through five to eight feet of ice is exactly what you’d imagine. You’re living through a controlled earthquake during the day and at night it’s like sleeping through a car crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything rattles on its hinges, except your teeth, which rattle in their sockets. You’re troubled by how quickly you come awake when they start smashing ice at 0800 and then you’re troubled a few days later by how easily you sleep through it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh and here comes McMurdo again, still just sitting there, not in the ice, not vibrating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 14 – Things Break\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_474311\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-474311\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Machinery technician Ryan Copeland replaces an eye-screw that holds an important part of the shaft hydraulics in place. The shaft vibrations stripped this part and the ship stopped for several hours while it was replaced. \" width=\"353\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/01/Mechanic-with-wrench.jpg 853w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machinery technician Ryan Copeland replaces an eye-screw that holds an important part of the shaft hydraulics in place. The shaft vibrations stripped this part and the ship stopped for several hours while it was replaced. \u003ccite>(Brandon R. Reynolds)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s a fun game to play:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Build a state-of-the-art icebreaking vessel 44 years ago.\u003cbr>\n2. Send it all around the world. Let it age.\u003cbr>\n3. Retire it for a couple of years. Unretire it.\u003cbr>\n4. Send it to Antarctica.\u003cbr>\n5. Watch how many things break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vibrations are hell on this ship. Screws unscrew. Things break. And the mechanics who repair this ship on a (no kidding) daily basis do not seem ruffled when bolts shear off or alarm bells wail. They climb down into the guts of the thing, repair it, and we’re back underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAY 15 – We May Be Crazy\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nI’m going to tell you something: There’s a lot of goddamn ice in the world. And the real aim of Operation Deep Freeze is apparently to run over all of it. The ice in your freezer? Polar Star makes every single cube. You know who doesn’t think about this? The people over at McMurdo who are probably laughing at us right now as we mow their lawn. And come to think of it, you’re probably laughing at us too: you with your liquid water up there, laughing as we make our way through a great big diaper of ice on the world’s chilly bottom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brandon R. Reynolds lives in Los Angeles but currently summers in the Antarctic Circle. He has written for San Francisco Magazine, SF Weekly, The Atlantic, and Oxford American (not the dictionary). On Twitter @sonnyborderland.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gas Company Understated Benzene Exposure From Porter Ranch Leak",
"title": "Gas Company Understated Benzene Exposure From Porter Ranch Leak",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking natural gas well in Los Angeles understated the number of air samples showing higher-than-usual levels of benzene, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to concerns over the disaster, efforts to stop the leak appear to have destabilized the well, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>, raising the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at Porter Ranch, which recently prompted California to declare \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\">a state of emergency\u003c/a>, has been spewing enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas methane into the air \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">for months\u003c/a>. It's expected to take months more to fix. The disaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/11/462627012/la-councilman-compares-porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-bp-oil-spill-but-on-land\">has been compared to the BP oil spill\u003c/a> for its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking well, Southern California Gas Co., \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56207/socal-gas-took-days-to-inform-residents-local-agen/\">has been under fire\u003c/a> for not quickly communicating to nearby residents when the leak (which is invisible to the naked eye) began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10833735\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10833735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"768\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1-400x486.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the AP says the utility has also been less than transparent about the results of its air tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas \"understated the number of times airborne levels of the cancer-causing chemical benzene have spiked during the crisis,\" the wire service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice-daily \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/acu-aliso-canyon-air-sample-results\">air sample results\u003c/a> have been posted online by the company. Summarizing the results, the company said benzene — which is known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">leukemia and anemia\u003c/a> — was detected at \"extremely low concentrations ... consistent with the levels expected for the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-toxic-studies/mates-iv/mates-iv-final-draft-report-4-1-15.pdf?sfvrsn=7\">most recent report on air pollution\u003c/a> notes that average levels of benzene across the L.A. area are less than 0.5 parts per billion. But the company puts \"levels expected for the area\" at up to 2 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports says that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Apparently relying on that standard, SoCalGas originally said that benzene was found in amounts slightly higher than background levels in just two samples, both on Nov. 10. The suspect readings were 5.6 parts per billion in one gated development about a mile from the well and 3.7 parts per billion in the Porter Ranch Estates neighborhood of 1,100 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, a more detailed look at the data by the AP and outside experts showed at least 10 other instances over seven days in November when benzene exceeded 1 part per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In its update Thursday, SoCalGas said that nearly 1,200 tests had found 14 instances where benzene exceeded 1 part per billion, including one time in December.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas spokeswoman called the omission of those readings from the summaries \"an oversight,\" the AP says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company maintains there's no health risk posed by the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much benzene threatens human health? It depends on whom you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>SoCalGas points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10043\">OSHA standard\u003c/a> for acceptable workplace exposure, which is 1,000 ppb over an eight-hour period.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/BenzeneRELsJune2014.pdf\">California's EPA\u003c/a> has defined stricter levels for benzene: 8 ppb for acute exposure (one hour) and 1 ppb for eight-hour or chronic exposure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The World Health Organization maintains there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/benzene.pdf\">no safe concentration of benzene.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">reports\u003c/a> that SoCalGas' efforts to cap the well have actually increased the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KSBPwVARzVWbX3cKA8YnSpQtbpEUeYUL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven attempts to plug the leak have made the area less stable, the paper reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The chief deputy director of the [California Department of Conservation], Jason Marshall, and a senior oil and gas field regulator assigned to daily watch at Aliso Canyon, Scott McGurk, told The Times the site and wellhead were made more unstable by the gas company's attempts to stop the leak by pumping a slurry directly into the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last of those efforts, which stretched over several days beginning Dec. 22, expanded a crater around the wellhead, state and gas company officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crater is now 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, those officials said. The wellhead sits exposed within the cavernous space, held in place with cables attached after it wobbled during the plugging attempt, Marshall and McGurk said. The well pipe and its control valves are exposed and unsupported within that hole, atop a deep field of pressurized gas. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'If the wellhead fails, the thing is just going to be full blast,' said Gene Nelson, a physical sciences professor at Cuesta College. \"It will be a horrible, horrible problem. The leak rates would go way up.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also notes that even without a blowout, the leak could catch on fire. It quoted California Department of Conservation spokesman Don Drysdale as saying the possibility is \"a concern.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">read the Times' full report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "SoCalGas wrote about two air samples with high levels of the carcinogen -- but not about 12 others, the AP reports.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking natural gas well in Los Angeles understated the number of air samples showing higher-than-usual levels of benzene, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to concerns over the disaster, efforts to stop the leak appear to have destabilized the well, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>, raising the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at Porter Ranch, which recently prompted California to declare \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\">a state of emergency\u003c/a>, has been spewing enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas methane into the air \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">for months\u003c/a>. It's expected to take months more to fix. The disaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/11/462627012/la-councilman-compares-porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-bp-oil-spill-but-on-land\">has been compared to the BP oil spill\u003c/a> for its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking well, Southern California Gas Co., \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56207/socal-gas-took-days-to-inform-residents-local-agen/\">has been under fire\u003c/a> for not quickly communicating to nearby residents when the leak (which is invisible to the naked eye) began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10833735\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10833735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"768\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1-400x486.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the AP says the utility has also been less than transparent about the results of its air tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas \"understated the number of times airborne levels of the cancer-causing chemical benzene have spiked during the crisis,\" the wire service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice-daily \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/acu-aliso-canyon-air-sample-results\">air sample results\u003c/a> have been posted online by the company. Summarizing the results, the company said benzene — which is known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">leukemia and anemia\u003c/a> — was detected at \"extremely low concentrations ... consistent with the levels expected for the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-toxic-studies/mates-iv/mates-iv-final-draft-report-4-1-15.pdf?sfvrsn=7\">most recent report on air pollution\u003c/a> notes that average levels of benzene across the L.A. area are less than 0.5 parts per billion. But the company puts \"levels expected for the area\" at up to 2 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports says that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Apparently relying on that standard, SoCalGas originally said that benzene was found in amounts slightly higher than background levels in just two samples, both on Nov. 10. The suspect readings were 5.6 parts per billion in one gated development about a mile from the well and 3.7 parts per billion in the Porter Ranch Estates neighborhood of 1,100 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, a more detailed look at the data by the AP and outside experts showed at least 10 other instances over seven days in November when benzene exceeded 1 part per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In its update Thursday, SoCalGas said that nearly 1,200 tests had found 14 instances where benzene exceeded 1 part per billion, including one time in December.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas spokeswoman called the omission of those readings from the summaries \"an oversight,\" the AP says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company maintains there's no health risk posed by the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much benzene threatens human health? It depends on whom you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>SoCalGas points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10043\">OSHA standard\u003c/a> for acceptable workplace exposure, which is 1,000 ppb over an eight-hour period.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/BenzeneRELsJune2014.pdf\">California's EPA\u003c/a> has defined stricter levels for benzene: 8 ppb for acute exposure (one hour) and 1 ppb for eight-hour or chronic exposure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The World Health Organization maintains there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/benzene.pdf\">no safe concentration of benzene.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">reports\u003c/a> that SoCalGas' efforts to cap the well have actually increased the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven attempts to plug the leak have made the area less stable, the paper reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The chief deputy director of the [California Department of Conservation], Jason Marshall, and a senior oil and gas field regulator assigned to daily watch at Aliso Canyon, Scott McGurk, told The Times the site and wellhead were made more unstable by the gas company's attempts to stop the leak by pumping a slurry directly into the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last of those efforts, which stretched over several days beginning Dec. 22, expanded a crater around the wellhead, state and gas company officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crater is now 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, those officials said. The wellhead sits exposed within the cavernous space, held in place with cables attached after it wobbled during the plugging attempt, Marshall and McGurk said. The well pipe and its control valves are exposed and unsupported within that hole, atop a deep field of pressurized gas. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'If the wellhead fails, the thing is just going to be full blast,' said Gene Nelson, a physical sciences professor at Cuesta College. \"It will be a horrible, horrible problem. The leak rates would go way up.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also notes that even without a blowout, the leak could catch on fire. It quoted California Department of Conservation spokesman Don Drysdale as saying the possibility is \"a concern.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">read the Times' full report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "SoCalGas to Try Capturing Methane in Attempt to Address Porter Ranch Leak",
"title": "SoCalGas to Try Capturing Methane in Attempt to Address Porter Ranch Leak",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As methane \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">continues to billow out\u003c/a> of the Aliso Canyon storage field in Los Angeles County, Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) is seeking permission to try to capture the leak and possibly incinerate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers detected the leak almost three months ago. Initial repairs failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas shot a heavy, sticky fluid into the leak, a kind of mud crossed with chewing gum. But the high pressure of the leak blew this “well kill” right back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241930199\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To date the company has attempted seven separate attempts to plug the well directly in this standard manner, but none has worked,” says Bob Wyman, a lawyer with the firm Latham & Watkins, which is representing SoCalGas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the company is drilling new wells to relieve pressure and reduce the flow of the leak, to enable another attempt to plug the well nearer to its source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">another kind of pressure is growing\u003c/a>. Thousands of people living in nearby Porter Ranch, a community in the City of Los Angeles, have relocated away from the leak. Those who remain continue to complain of headaches, nausea and nosebleeds. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">Lawsuits are piling up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10832869\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg\" alt=\"A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10832869\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-960x1440.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Kim Rice-Bogdan/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas says it has been developing a plan to capture fugitive natural gas since mid-November. Now the company has applied to the South Coast Air Quality Management District for permits to enact its plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company would use pipes,\" says the district’s Sam Atwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big ones. Imagine a straw 3 feet wide hovering over the leak, sucking in methane and air. Rough estimates suggest the company could catch up to 90 percent of the methane as the leak slows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gas would have to be piped to some distance from the wellhead for safety reasons,” Atwood says. “And then it would be either captured and, or, it would be incinerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing SoCalGas could do is bring in an adsorption system, equipment that could eliminate foul odors. Jen Wilcox, a professor of energy systems engineering at Stanford, says an activated carbon filter system could do for escaping natural gas what home purifiers do for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a, you know, charcoal kind of material,” she says. “It’s porous. And what it’s doing is selectively removing contaminants from the air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">If the company burns the methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The pores could capture problematic molecules in the chemical mercaptan, which is a stinky additive used to help identify when odorless, colorless methane is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that methane remains a concern, because the state requires all utilities to cut contributions to global warming. So, under another scenario, the company may burn what it captures from the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not an irrational thing to do. It’s just a difficult thing to do,” says Roger Aines, a geochemist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipment often used by oil companies would allow SoCalGas to burn methane inside a ceramic chamber, or a sort of kiln. Once the methane was captured in pipes, it could pass over a very hot surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6H6cn39snXSakf87dBb4XtOGCkNSPgxL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a hot screen, you know, or pile of screens” Aines says. “It’s hot enough that as you pass the mixture of gas and air over it, it burns but it doesn’t burn with a flame. It actually just combusts on that catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas emphasizes that safety is its top concern. But a fix this big has never been tried in California. If the company burns this methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these unknowns make the gas field’s neighbors nervous -- including Matt Pakucko, a founder of Save Porter Ranch, a grass-roots group that wants to shut the gas field down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are greatly concerned with the possible unintended consequences of that plan,” he told a hearing board for the AQMD. “This does not sound safe. Especially since SoCalGas has failed in all attempts to stop or mitigate their nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakucko and other homeowners say they don’t trust SoCalGas. That’s why they’re pushing politicians to investigate not only why the leak happened but why a gas capture plan wasn’t in place sooner.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The company has made seven separate attempts to plug the massive natural gas leak, but none has worked.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As methane \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">continues to billow out\u003c/a> of the Aliso Canyon storage field in Los Angeles County, Southern California Gas (SoCalGas) is seeking permission to try to capture the leak and possibly incinerate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers detected the leak almost three months ago. Initial repairs failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas shot a heavy, sticky fluid into the leak, a kind of mud crossed with chewing gum. But the high pressure of the leak blew this “well kill” right back out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241930199&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241930199'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To date the company has attempted seven separate attempts to plug the well directly in this standard manner, but none has worked,” says Bob Wyman, a lawyer with the firm Latham & Watkins, which is representing SoCalGas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the company is drilling new wells to relieve pressure and reduce the flow of the leak, to enable another attempt to plug the well nearer to its source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">another kind of pressure is growing\u003c/a>. Thousands of people living in nearby Porter Ranch, a community in the City of Los Angeles, have relocated away from the leak. Those who remain continue to complain of headaches, nausea and nosebleeds. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\">Lawsuits are piling up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10832869\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg\" alt=\"A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\" class=\"size-large wp-image-10832869\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1440x2160.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWell-960x1440.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A relief well at SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Kim Rice-Bogdan/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas says it has been developing a plan to capture fugitive natural gas since mid-November. Now the company has applied to the South Coast Air Quality Management District for permits to enact its plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company would use pipes,\" says the district’s Sam Atwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big ones. Imagine a straw 3 feet wide hovering over the leak, sucking in methane and air. Rough estimates suggest the company could catch up to 90 percent of the methane as the leak slows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The gas would have to be piped to some distance from the wellhead for safety reasons,” Atwood says. “And then it would be either captured and, or, it would be incinerated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing SoCalGas could do is bring in an adsorption system, equipment that could eliminate foul odors. Jen Wilcox, a professor of energy systems engineering at Stanford, says an activated carbon filter system could do for escaping natural gas what home purifiers do for water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s just a, you know, charcoal kind of material,” she says. “It’s porous. And what it’s doing is selectively removing contaminants from the air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">If the company burns the methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The pores could capture problematic molecules in the chemical mercaptan, which is a stinky additive used to help identify when odorless, colorless methane is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that methane remains a concern, because the state requires all utilities to cut contributions to global warming. So, under another scenario, the company may burn what it captures from the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not an irrational thing to do. It’s just a difficult thing to do,” says Roger Aines, a geochemist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equipment often used by oil companies would allow SoCalGas to burn methane inside a ceramic chamber, or a sort of kiln. Once the methane was captured in pipes, it could pass over a very hot surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a hot screen, you know, or pile of screens” Aines says. “It’s hot enough that as you pass the mixture of gas and air over it, it burns but it doesn’t burn with a flame. It actually just combusts on that catalyst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas emphasizes that safety is its top concern. But a fix this big has never been tried in California. If the company burns this methane, it would eventually create enough pollution to need the kind of permit required for big refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these unknowns make the gas field’s neighbors nervous -- including Matt Pakucko, a founder of Save Porter Ranch, a grass-roots group that wants to shut the gas field down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are greatly concerned with the possible unintended consequences of that plan,” he told a hearing board for the AQMD. “This does not sound safe. Especially since SoCalGas has failed in all attempts to stop or mitigate their nuisance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pakucko and other homeowners say they don’t trust SoCalGas. That’s why they’re pushing politicians to investigate not only why the leak happened but why a gas capture plan wasn’t in place sooner.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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