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"content": "\u003cp>The fast-growing solar industry got a State of the Union shout-out from President Obama last month after The Solar Foundation research group \u003ca href=\"http://www.thesolarfoundation.org/national/\" target=\"_blank\">announced industry employment\u003c/a> hit 208,859 workers as of November 2015, up 20.2 percent from a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the foundation has released state-by-state numbers showing that California, which leads the nation in solar power, has more than a third of those jobs and is piling on new ones at a fast clip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Solar Foundation said Wednesday that solar industry employment in California grew to 75,598 last November, a gain of nearly 21,000 from 2014. Most of the solar jobs in California -- just over 40,000 -- are in installing photovoltaic systems on rooftops and in large ground-mounted arrays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10860183\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 523px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10860183\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic.png\" alt=\"From The Solar Foundation's solar job census for 2015. \" width=\"523\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10860183\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic.png 523w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic-400x276.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From The Solar Foundation's solar job census for 2015.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003cp>The foundation expects the state’s solar industry to grow by another 14,000 or so this year. That expected growth is driven by the extension in December of a federal investment tax credit, the state’s requirement that utilities get \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/07/california-raises-the-bar-on-its-ambitious-clean-energy-goals\" target=\"_blank\">50 percent of their electricity\u003c/a> from renewables by 2030 and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/28/california-preserves-solar-incentives-in-defeat-for-utilities/\" target=\"_blank\">recently approved\u003c/a> continuation of a solar-friendly “net metering” policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had about 12,000 megawatts of solar power operating as of last November, about half the nation’s total. Data compiled from daily reports by the state’s major grid manager indicate that in 2015, solar became \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/11/solar-power-california-top-source-of-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\">the No. 1 source of renewable energy\u003c/a> in California for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union Address, President Obama said solar “employs more Americans than coal -- in jobs that pay better than average,” a claim that met with \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/01/12/fact-checking-the-2016-state-of-the-union-address/\" target=\"_blank\">the approval of fact-checkers\u003c/a>. Nationally, solar installers earn an average of $21 an hour, the Solar Foundation said, a figure that bumps up to $22 on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Pete Danko\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The fast-growing solar industry got a State of the Union shout-out from President Obama last month after The Solar Foundation research group \u003ca href=\"http://www.thesolarfoundation.org/national/\" target=\"_blank\">announced industry employment\u003c/a> hit 208,859 workers as of November 2015, up 20.2 percent from a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the foundation has released state-by-state numbers showing that California, which leads the nation in solar power, has more than a third of those jobs and is piling on new ones at a fast clip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Solar Foundation said Wednesday that solar industry employment in California grew to 75,598 last November, a gain of nearly 21,000 from 2014. Most of the solar jobs in California -- just over 40,000 -- are in installing photovoltaic systems on rooftops and in large ground-mounted arrays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10860183\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 523px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10860183\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic.png\" alt=\"From The Solar Foundation's solar job census for 2015. \" width=\"523\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10860183\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic.png 523w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/california-solar-jobs-gaphic-400x276.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 523px) 100vw, 523px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From The Solar Foundation's solar job census for 2015.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003cp>The foundation expects the state’s solar industry to grow by another 14,000 or so this year. That expected growth is driven by the extension in December of a federal investment tax credit, the state’s requirement that utilities get \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/07/california-raises-the-bar-on-its-ambitious-clean-energy-goals\" target=\"_blank\">50 percent of their electricity\u003c/a> from renewables by 2030 and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/01/28/california-preserves-solar-incentives-in-defeat-for-utilities/\" target=\"_blank\">recently approved\u003c/a> continuation of a solar-friendly “net metering” policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California had about 12,000 megawatts of solar power operating as of last November, about half the nation’s total. Data compiled from daily reports by the state’s major grid manager indicate that in 2015, solar became \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/11/solar-power-california-top-source-of-renewable-energy\" target=\"_blank\">the No. 1 source of renewable energy\u003c/a> in California for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his State of the Union Address, President Obama said solar “employs more Americans than coal -- in jobs that pay better than average,” a claim that met with \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/01/12/fact-checking-the-2016-state-of-the-union-address/\" target=\"_blank\">the approval of fact-checkers\u003c/a>. Nationally, solar installers earn an average of $21 an hour, the Solar Foundation said, a figure that bumps up to $22 on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Climate Change Could Bring Bigger, Wetter Storms to California, Study Says",
"headTitle": "Climate Change Could Bring Bigger, Wetter Storms to California, Study Says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The types of storms that have been bringing heavy snow and rain to the West this winter, triggering landslides and floods while easing stubborn droughts, are likely to become stronger and more frequent, according to the results of a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drenching storms have been falling from atmospheric rivers — high-altitude streams of moisture that carry much of the West’s water from the Pacific Ocean in sometimes-violent spurts that can lead to floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”BJnVHIn18HVUXBsJbtwYgOnWbIlKMh44″]The latest study to project an increase in the frequency and ferocity with which atmospheric rivers will reach the West Coast was \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL067392/full\">published over the weekend\u003c/a> in Geophysical Research Letters. Scientists described the analysis as more robust than earlier ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days on which atmospheric rivers reach the West Coast each year could increase by a third this century, if greenhouse gas pollution continues to rise sharply, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers concluded after running model simulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the West Coast is likely to receive rain or snow from atmospheric rivers between 25 and 40 days each year, the analysis concluded. By century’s end, that’s expected to rise to between 35 and 55 days annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the number of days each year on which the atmospheric rivers bring “extreme” amounts of rain and snow to the region could increase by more than a quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the study were “consistent” with findings from earlier modeling-based studies, said Scripps Institution of Oceanography researcher \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/mralph\">Marty Ralph\u003c/a>, who wasn’t involved with it. He said the study went further than others in demonstrating that the projections were likely to play out in the real world, rather than being the result of any modeling errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, the majority of the variation from one year to the next in total precipitation is the result of just the few wettest days each year,” said Ralph, who is based in California. “The \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/el-nino-is-here-so-why-is-california-still-in-drought-19975\">drought we’re in\u003c/a> is a result of the absence of the atmospheric rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although storms caused by atmospheric rivers are needed to quench landscapes and fill reservoirs, they can also deliver deadly hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Momentous floods of the early 1860s, which affected several Western states, evacuating Californian lawmakers from Sacramento after the Central Valley filled like a tub, were linked to a series of atmospheric rivers. Scientists warn such floods could again beset the region under a winter storm scenario \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/\">they call ARkStorm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we noticed is that the entire West Coast of North America will experience increased atmospheric river frequency,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7433\">Samson Hagos\u003c/a>, a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory earth system scientist who led the new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s largely because a warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture. Which would mean worse floods, more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strongest atmospheric river events along the West Coast during the 20th century are strongly linked to flood events of historical significance,” said \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/daniel-swain\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a PhD candidate at Stanford who researches extreme weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A reasonable inference to draw from these studies is that the risk of severe flood events along the West Coast will likely increase,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings may also have implications for projecting tempestuous conditions in other regions as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This paper provides a nice framework for exploring storm variability in other regions of the world,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/sarah-kapnicks-homepage\">Sarah Kapnick\u003c/a>, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration climate change scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s harder to say what such findings might mean for the frequency or severity of droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research has suggested that higher temperatures linked to global warming exacerbated the intensity of California’s ongoing drought, by drying out the state. It’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/hints-of-climate-change-in-californias-drought-18109\">far less clear\u003c/a> what effect climate change had on the likelihood that such a drought would occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The role of anthropogenic influences on the lack of precipitation is still an open question,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.u.arizona.edu/~kanchukaitis/people.html\">Kevin Anchukaitis\u003c/a>, a paleoclimatologist and earth systems geographer at the University of Arizona. “Different research groups have come to different conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures are expected to accelerate evaporation and lead to drier conditions across the West — producing what scientists call hot droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anchukaitis said atmospheric rivers don’t necessarily affect the conditions that produce hot droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the “severity and duration” of droughts, Anchukaitis said, “will depend on a complex interplay between temperature increases, uncertain long-term precipitation trends and the punctuated role of drought-busting atmospheric rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The types of storms that have been bringing heavy snow and rain to the West this winter, triggering landslides and floods while easing stubborn droughts, are likely to become stronger and more frequent, according to the results of a new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drenching storms have been falling from atmospheric rivers — high-altitude streams of moisture that carry much of the West’s water from the Pacific Ocean in sometimes-violent spurts that can lead to floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The latest study to project an increase in the frequency and ferocity with which atmospheric rivers will reach the West Coast was \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL067392/full\">published over the weekend\u003c/a> in Geophysical Research Letters. Scientists described the analysis as more robust than earlier ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days on which atmospheric rivers reach the West Coast each year could increase by a third this century, if greenhouse gas pollution continues to rise sharply, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory researchers concluded after running model simulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the West Coast is likely to receive rain or snow from atmospheric rivers between 25 and 40 days each year, the analysis concluded. By century’s end, that’s expected to rise to between 35 and 55 days annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the number of days each year on which the atmospheric rivers bring “extreme” amounts of rain and snow to the region could increase by more than a quarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the study were “consistent” with findings from earlier modeling-based studies, said Scripps Institution of Oceanography researcher \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/mralph\">Marty Ralph\u003c/a>, who wasn’t involved with it. He said the study went further than others in demonstrating that the projections were likely to play out in the real world, rather than being the result of any modeling errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, the majority of the variation from one year to the next in total precipitation is the result of just the few wettest days each year,” said Ralph, who is based in California. “The \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/el-nino-is-here-so-why-is-california-still-in-drought-19975\">drought we’re in\u003c/a> is a result of the absence of the atmospheric rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although storms caused by atmospheric rivers are needed to quench landscapes and fill reservoirs, they can also deliver deadly hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Momentous floods of the early 1860s, which affected several Western states, evacuating Californian lawmakers from Sacramento after the Central Valley filled like a tub, were linked to a series of atmospheric rivers. Scientists warn such floods could again beset the region under a winter storm scenario \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1312/\">they call ARkStorm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we noticed is that the entire West Coast of North America will experience increased atmospheric river frequency,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7433\">Samson Hagos\u003c/a>, a Pacific Northwest National Laboratory earth system scientist who led the new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s largely because a warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture. Which would mean worse floods, more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strongest atmospheric river events along the West Coast during the 20th century are strongly linked to flood events of historical significance,” said \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/daniel-swain\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a PhD candidate at Stanford who researches extreme weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A reasonable inference to draw from these studies is that the risk of severe flood events along the West Coast will likely increase,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings may also have implications for projecting tempestuous conditions in other regions as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This paper provides a nice framework for exploring storm variability in other regions of the world,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/sarah-kapnicks-homepage\">Sarah Kapnick\u003c/a>, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration climate change scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s harder to say what such findings might mean for the frequency or severity of droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent research has suggested that higher temperatures linked to global warming exacerbated the intensity of California’s ongoing drought, by drying out the state. It’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/hints-of-climate-change-in-californias-drought-18109\">far less clear\u003c/a> what effect climate change had on the likelihood that such a drought would occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The role of anthropogenic influences on the lack of precipitation is still an open question,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.u.arizona.edu/~kanchukaitis/people.html\">Kevin Anchukaitis\u003c/a>, a paleoclimatologist and earth systems geographer at the University of Arizona. “Different research groups have come to different conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures are expected to accelerate evaporation and lead to drier conditions across the West — producing what scientists call hot droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anchukaitis said atmospheric rivers don’t necessarily affect the conditions that produce hot droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the “severity and duration” of droughts, Anchukaitis said, “will depend on a complex interplay between temperature increases, uncertain long-term precipitation trends and the punctuated role of drought-busting atmospheric rivers.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Regulators Increase Gas Well Inspections After Aliso Canyon Leak",
"title": "California Regulators Increase Gas Well Inspections After Aliso Canyon Leak",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>State oil and gas regulators have approved \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Documents/DOC%202016-0126-03E%20Gas%20Storage%20Requirements%20-%20Final%20Text%20of%20Emergency%20Regulations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">temporary regulations\u003c/a> governing underground gas storage, a stopgap measure aimed at improving oversight of fields like the one in north Los Angeles County, where a massive methane leak has been spewing for months. The leak has forced thousands of residents of nearby Porter Ranch to flee their homes, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/06/californias-secretary-of-state-shares-his-personal-story-as-a-porter-ranch-refugee\" target=\"_blank\">including California's secretary of state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co. wells at Aliso Canyon are among more than 300 scattered over 12 gas fields around the state subject to the new regulations, which took effect last Friday. The Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources developed the rules in response to an executive order from Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules emphasize more regular inspection and monitoring for the integrity of wells. Utilities will verify mechanical integrity and gas pressure, inspect wellheads daily, establish safe pressures for the gas flow at fields, and develop comprehensive emergency management plans for storage areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"z32Cmbjv9SAhp9Kvhh9NGXwF7dKTM9wb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas and other utilities have indicated general support for the emergency regulations, even though state officials have estimated that the additional mandates could cost $2 million a year in salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E owns and operates three natural gas storage centers in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're going to take a seat at the table with all of the different regulators to ensure that as these are being outlined, that we continue to move the ball forward and raise the bar forward in the industry,” says Vice President of Gas Asset and Risk Management Sumeet Singh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh says the company has started daily leak inspections at the facilities and was already testing safety valves, and that the company will start continuous pressure monitoring in the next 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new regulations address problems that had been identified at Aliso Canyon before the leak was acknowledged Oct. 23. SoCalGas had raised concerns about aging equipment at that field as far back as 2013, when the company asked the California Public Utilities Commission for the right to use ratepayer funds for a “storage integrity management program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://autl.assembly.ca.gov/sites/autl.assembly.ca.gov/files/Aliso%20Canyon%20Gas%20Leak%20Informational%20Hearing%20Briefing%20Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">state legislative briefing paper\u003c/a>, a serious problem at Aliso Canyon in 2008 stemmed from an overpressurized well, which “can be indicative of production casing leaks from either internal or external corrosion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency regulations initially take effect for a six-month period, and can be renewed for another six months. Officials with the state Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Energy say a permanent rule-making will follow. Separately, California congressional leaders have asked federal agencies to take a more active role in gas field oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations come as SoCalGas says it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/05/official-porter-ranch-gas-leak-might-be-sealed-as-early-as-next-week\" target=\"_blank\">coming close to plugging the leak.\u003c/a> The company announced Monday that it had reached a deal with the Los Angeles City Attorney’s Office, offering residents of the nearby community of Porter Ranch who had relocated away from the area eight days to return once the leak was plugged, rather than a two-day period initially promised last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it will honor leases for relocated families and reimburse moving and other expenses for the time since the leak was revealed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State oil and gas regulators have approved \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/index/Documents/DOC%202016-0126-03E%20Gas%20Storage%20Requirements%20-%20Final%20Text%20of%20Emergency%20Regulations.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">temporary regulations\u003c/a> governing underground gas storage, a stopgap measure aimed at improving oversight of fields like the one in north Los Angeles County, where a massive methane leak has been spewing for months. The leak has forced thousands of residents of nearby Porter Ranch to flee their homes, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/06/californias-secretary-of-state-shares-his-personal-story-as-a-porter-ranch-refugee\" target=\"_blank\">including California's secretary of state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co. wells at Aliso Canyon are among more than 300 scattered over 12 gas fields around the state subject to the new regulations, which took effect last Friday. The Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources developed the rules in response to an executive order from Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules emphasize more regular inspection and monitoring for the integrity of wells. Utilities will verify mechanical integrity and gas pressure, inspect wellheads daily, establish safe pressures for the gas flow at fields, and develop comprehensive emergency management plans for storage areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas and other utilities have indicated general support for the emergency regulations, even though state officials have estimated that the additional mandates could cost $2 million a year in salaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E owns and operates three natural gas storage centers in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're going to take a seat at the table with all of the different regulators to ensure that as these are being outlined, that we continue to move the ball forward and raise the bar forward in the industry,” says Vice President of Gas Asset and Risk Management Sumeet Singh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh says the company has started daily leak inspections at the facilities and was already testing safety valves, and that the company will start continuous pressure monitoring in the next 30 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new regulations address problems that had been identified at Aliso Canyon before the leak was acknowledged Oct. 23. SoCalGas had raised concerns about aging equipment at that field as far back as 2013, when the company asked the California Public Utilities Commission for the right to use ratepayer funds for a “storage integrity management program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://autl.assembly.ca.gov/sites/autl.assembly.ca.gov/files/Aliso%20Canyon%20Gas%20Leak%20Informational%20Hearing%20Briefing%20Paper.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">state legislative briefing paper\u003c/a>, a serious problem at Aliso Canyon in 2008 stemmed from an overpressurized well, which “can be indicative of production casing leaks from either internal or external corrosion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency regulations initially take effect for a six-month period, and can be renewed for another six months. Officials with the state Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Energy say a permanent rule-making will follow. Separately, California congressional leaders have asked federal agencies to take a more active role in gas field oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations come as SoCalGas says it's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/05/official-porter-ranch-gas-leak-might-be-sealed-as-early-as-next-week\" target=\"_blank\">coming close to plugging the leak.\u003c/a> The company announced Monday that it had reached a deal with the Los Angeles City Attorney’s Office, offering residents of the nearby community of Porter Ranch who had relocated away from the area eight days to return once the leak was plugged, rather than a two-day period initially promised last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it will honor leases for relocated families and reimburse moving and other expenses for the time since the leak was revealed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Climate Change Is Leaving Native Plants Behind",
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"content": "\u003cp>Willis Linn Jepson encountered a squat shrub while he was collecting botanical specimens on California’s Mount Tamalpais in the fall of 1936. He trimmed off a few branches and jotted down the location along the ridge trail where the manzanita grew, 2,255 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The desiccated specimen is now part of an \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/\">herbarium here\u003c/a> that’s named for the famed botanist. It was among hundreds of thousands of specimens of thousands of different species that were used recently to track the movement of plant species up the state’s many hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7swK7Qp0JuUh8gyefXT0ZWzUlphgkOLV”]The results of the analysis warn that native plants are struggling to keep up with changes around them as pollution from fuel burning and deforestation continues to warm the planet. Earlier research into the movement of Californian animals shows they’re shifting more quickly than the native plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big takeaway is that species are on the move, and they’re moving at different rates,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.environment.ucla.edu/people/jon-christensen\">Jon Christensen\u003c/a>, a scientist and historian at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucla.edu/\">University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>. “Which raises the concern that the ecosystems of California could be unraveling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen and four other scientists analyzed a database of 2 million specimens from a network of \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/participants.html\">35 Californian herbariums\u003c/a>. Herbariums are like little-known natural history museums that store vast collections of ferns, mosses, algae and other plants. They found 681,609 specimen records to include in their analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They discovered that the range of the Eastwood’s manzanita, which was the type of plant Jepson trimmed on the mountain trail in 1936, hasn’t budged — even as temperatures have risen around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures have been rising around the world because of the heat-trapping effects of carbon dioxide, methane and other types of atmospheric pollution. The combined effects of global warming and phases in ocean cycles contributed to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2015-hottest-year-2016-could-surpass-19929\">record-breaking warmth\u003c/a> globally in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More warming is anticipated in the years and decades ahead, yet ecologists remain unsure how wildlife will be affected. The discovery that the Eastwood’s manzanita range has been locked in its original range “raises questions” about whether it will be able to adapt as the climate changes around it, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, just one in eight native Californian species shifted their ranges significantly upward during more than a century of specimen collecting in California, during which time temperatures rose by about 1°C (nearly 2°F), the researchers \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.12423/abstract\">concluded in a paper\u003c/a> published in Global Ecology and Biogeography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plants and animals aren’t moving together in sync,” University of Connecticut ornithologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.morgantingley.com/\">Morgan Tingley\u003c/a>, who has studied the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/Supplement_2/19637.full.pdf\">shifting ranges of native birds\u003c/a> in parts of California, said after reading the new paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This leads us to suspect that ecological communities are breaking down and disassembling,” Tingley said. “It’s a worrying possibility, and one that we don’t yet know the consequences of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The native plants were also found to be moving more slowly into higher altitudes than their invasive counterparts, one in four of which were found to be spreading uphill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the planet warms, ideal climatic conditions for different species of wildlife tend to shift to higher latitudes and greater altitudes. Not all species are expected to be able to keep pace with the changes underway. Of those that do, some will encounter mountaintops, shorelines and freeways that prevent them from going any further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the climate changes too quickly, and species can’t keep up with it, they might be left behind in a climate that’s completely unsuitable for them,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/person.aspx?personid=138\">Nate Stephenson\u003c/a>, a federal forest ecologist who researches climate change. “Then their population numbers may go down. In extreme cases, they might even blink out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While animals can fly or clamber to new grounds, most plants expand their ranges only when they cast their seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a legitimate concern that many plant species are simply not evolved to be able to shift their population distributions as fast as the current climate-change event will require,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a>, a bioclimatologist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams described the new paper, with which he was not involved, as the “culmination of an incredible amount of work.” He said its conclusions are also “broadly relevant” outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is a great place to study species’ range responses to climate,” Williams said. “They have a great dataset, and also a lot of diversity in terms of elevation and climate type.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study relied on the results of the ongoing digitization of the specimens at the Californian herbariums. Digitization involves shooting digital photographs of samples and noting the coordinates and other details of the sites where they were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a quarter of more than 2 million specimens stored in manilla folders in long rows of tall cabinets in a large herbarium at the University of California, Berkeley have been digitized so far. “Big data is a big thing on our campus,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/people/mishler.html\">Brent Mishler\u003c/a>, a biology professor who oversees the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential power of each piece of data is limited by the amount of information recorded when the specimen was collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The older ones — they may not have as much data,” Mishler said. “But it still tells you where it was collected and when.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis of the big herbarium data showed small-seeded native plant species, such as grasses, are moving more quickly and more often up California’s hills than those with larger seeds — such as manzanita. Small seeds travel further than large ones, making it easier for those types of plants to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s huge variation in the species distribution shifts, depending on whether a plant is endemic, native or invasive,” said \u003ca href=\"https://adamwolf.princeton.edu/about/\">Adam Wolf\u003c/a>, a former Princeton University scientist who led the study. “On top of that, there’s huge variation, depending on whether they have little seeds, medium seeds or big seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Invasive species were more likely to be stretching their ranges upward than native species, and the ranges are moving or expanding more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unwanted weeds aren’t necessarily growing their Californian footprints because of climate change, although it may be helping some of them. Many would still be conquering new territory as they continued to invade after finding footholds in the state in decades past, regardless of climatic changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expanding ranges of unwanted weeds is putting extra pressures on native plants, which are already struggling to withstand the effects climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that non-native plant species have been shifting upslope faster than native plant species is worrisome,” Lamont-Doherty’s Williams said. “In the time required for some slow-migrating native plant species to shift their distributions to locations where the climate is more suitable, those locations may already be colonized by invasive plants.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Willis Linn Jepson encountered a squat shrub while he was collecting botanical specimens on California’s Mount Tamalpais in the fall of 1936. He trimmed off a few branches and jotted down the location along the ridge trail where the manzanita grew, 2,255 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The desiccated specimen is now part of an \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/\">herbarium here\u003c/a> that’s named for the famed botanist. It was among hundreds of thousands of specimens of thousands of different species that were used recently to track the movement of plant species up the state’s many hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The results of the analysis warn that native plants are struggling to keep up with changes around them as pollution from fuel burning and deforestation continues to warm the planet. Earlier research into the movement of Californian animals shows they’re shifting more quickly than the native plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big takeaway is that species are on the move, and they’re moving at different rates,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.environment.ucla.edu/people/jon-christensen\">Jon Christensen\u003c/a>, a scientist and historian at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucla.edu/\">University of California, Los Angeles\u003c/a>. “Which raises the concern that the ecosystems of California could be unraveling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen and four other scientists analyzed a database of 2 million specimens from a network of \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/participants.html\">35 Californian herbariums\u003c/a>. Herbariums are like little-known natural history museums that store vast collections of ferns, mosses, algae and other plants. They found 681,609 specimen records to include in their analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They discovered that the range of the Eastwood’s manzanita, which was the type of plant Jepson trimmed on the mountain trail in 1936, hasn’t budged — even as temperatures have risen around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures have been rising around the world because of the heat-trapping effects of carbon dioxide, methane and other types of atmospheric pollution. The combined effects of global warming and phases in ocean cycles contributed to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2015-hottest-year-2016-could-surpass-19929\">record-breaking warmth\u003c/a> globally in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More warming is anticipated in the years and decades ahead, yet ecologists remain unsure how wildlife will be affected. The discovery that the Eastwood’s manzanita range has been locked in its original range “raises questions” about whether it will be able to adapt as the climate changes around it, Christensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, just one in eight native Californian species shifted their ranges significantly upward during more than a century of specimen collecting in California, during which time temperatures rose by about 1°C (nearly 2°F), the researchers \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/geb.12423/abstract\">concluded in a paper\u003c/a> published in Global Ecology and Biogeography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plants and animals aren’t moving together in sync,” University of Connecticut ornithologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.morgantingley.com/\">Morgan Tingley\u003c/a>, who has studied the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/106/Supplement_2/19637.full.pdf\">shifting ranges of native birds\u003c/a> in parts of California, said after reading the new paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This leads us to suspect that ecological communities are breaking down and disassembling,” Tingley said. “It’s a worrying possibility, and one that we don’t yet know the consequences of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The native plants were also found to be moving more slowly into higher altitudes than their invasive counterparts, one in four of which were found to be spreading uphill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the planet warms, ideal climatic conditions for different species of wildlife tend to shift to higher latitudes and greater altitudes. Not all species are expected to be able to keep pace with the changes underway. Of those that do, some will encounter mountaintops, shorelines and freeways that prevent them from going any further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the climate changes too quickly, and species can’t keep up with it, they might be left behind in a climate that’s completely unsuitable for them,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/person.aspx?personid=138\">Nate Stephenson\u003c/a>, a federal forest ecologist who researches climate change. “Then their population numbers may go down. In extreme cases, they might even blink out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While animals can fly or clamber to new grounds, most plants expand their ranges only when they cast their seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a legitimate concern that many plant species are simply not evolved to be able to shift their population distributions as fast as the current climate-change event will require,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/williams\">Park Williams\u003c/a>, a bioclimatologist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams described the new paper, with which he was not involved, as the “culmination of an incredible amount of work.” He said its conclusions are also “broadly relevant” outside California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is a great place to study species’ range responses to climate,” Williams said. “They have a great dataset, and also a lot of diversity in terms of elevation and climate type.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study relied on the results of the ongoing digitization of the specimens at the Californian herbariums. Digitization involves shooting digital photographs of samples and noting the coordinates and other details of the sites where they were collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a quarter of more than 2 million specimens stored in manilla folders in long rows of tall cabinets in a large herbarium at the University of California, Berkeley have been digitized so far. “Big data is a big thing on our campus,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/people/mishler.html\">Brent Mishler\u003c/a>, a biology professor who oversees the collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential power of each piece of data is limited by the amount of information recorded when the specimen was collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The older ones — they may not have as much data,” Mishler said. “But it still tells you where it was collected and when.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis of the big herbarium data showed small-seeded native plant species, such as grasses, are moving more quickly and more often up California’s hills than those with larger seeds — such as manzanita. Small seeds travel further than large ones, making it easier for those types of plants to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s huge variation in the species distribution shifts, depending on whether a plant is endemic, native or invasive,” said \u003ca href=\"https://adamwolf.princeton.edu/about/\">Adam Wolf\u003c/a>, a former Princeton University scientist who led the study. “On top of that, there’s huge variation, depending on whether they have little seeds, medium seeds or big seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Invasive species were more likely to be stretching their ranges upward than native species, and the ranges are moving or expanding more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unwanted weeds aren’t necessarily growing their Californian footprints because of climate change, although it may be helping some of them. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that non-native plant species have been shifting upslope faster than native plant species is worrisome,” Lamont-Doherty’s Williams said. “In the time required for some slow-migrating native plant species to shift their distributions to locations where the climate is more suitable, those locations may already be colonized by invasive plants.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Water Supply at Risk From Warmer Winters",
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"content": "\u003cp>Any sign of precipitation in the forecast is a welcome sight for Californians these days. But with temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expected to be above normal\u003c/a> this winter, California’s snowpack may not reach the heights it could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains is crucial to the state’s water supply. But scientists say as the climate continues to warm, more precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All in the Timing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all precipitation is created equal,” said Kelly Redmond, who studies the snowpack at the Desert Research Institute in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both snow and rainfall end up in the same place in California, feeding its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/21/now-that-summers-over-what-do-californias-reservoirs-look-like-a-real-time-visualization/\">network rivers and reservoirs\u003c/a>. The key difference is timing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it falls as snow, it stays there,” said Redmond. “It’s like a free reservoir. It doesn’t run off, doesn’t cause floods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/02/20160208ScienceWarmerWinters.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack melts just as California’s dry season begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It releases slowly in the spring, and shows up in the rivers and in our faucets in the summer months,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timing is critical, Redmond says. The snowpack feeds about a third of the California’s water supply. If it fell as rain instead, water managers would need to find a way to store it in reservoirs in the winter until the dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Record Warm Winter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials, understandably, keep a very close eye on snow levels, doing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monthly snow surveys\u003c/a> in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the snowpack is its best in years – \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">110 percent of normal\u003c/a>. But last year at this time, it was just 21 percent. Dry weather was the main culprit to blame, but so was record-breaking warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, for the first time ever recorded in the Sierra, the coldest winter temperatures were above freezing on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://kroodsma.com/charts/california_water/snow.php?width=700&height=350\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t take much warming to switch from rain to snow,” said Redmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s snow is already nicknamed “Sierra cement,” because it’s known for being wet and heavy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost ready to turn to rain,” Redmond said. “It’s not like the powder you get in Utah and Montana and Colorado, which are at higher altitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every five degrees of warming, the freezing point of a storm, or the altitude of the “snow level” as it’s called, will rise by a thousand feet, driving the snowpack higher into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If rain falls on top of snow, it diminishes the snowpack further by melting it and producing heaving runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall the freezing level in the Sierra Nevada has been going up,” said Redmond. “It’s been more in the spring. What this means is that melting is starting to occur earlier at higher altitudes and runoff is starting earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Future of Warming\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been kind of a wake up call,” said Dan Cayan, who studies climate change at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the US Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future.’\u003ccite>Dan Cayan, USGS\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan says California’s snowpack has already shrunk by 10 percent on average since World War II, a trend that is likely to continue as the climate warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the end of the century, if we’re lucky, we’ll only lose half,” said Cayan. “And if we’re unlucky, we could lose more than that. We’re in an era of unprecedented changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California will get more or less precipitation overall with climate change is something that’s been debated, but a \u003ca href=\"https://news.agu.org/press-release/southwest-sliding-into-a-drier-normal-weather-patterns-that-bring-rain-are-becoming-less-frequent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Thursday\u003c/a> indicates that periods of dryness could increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the low-pressure weather systems that typically bring rain to the Southwestern US \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/news/newsbeat/wet-weather-less-likely-southwest-us-ncar-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have formed less often\u003c/a> during the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Droughts in the Southwest, specifically in California, are getting more intense and can last longer than in the past,” said Andreas Prein of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparing for More Runoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal,” said Mark Cowin, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “It really does change the dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a future with more extreme winter runoff, some have called for expanding California’s system of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_510440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-510440\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Of course, there’s always been interest in dams,” said Cowin. “They’re big. You can see them. But the fact is we’re not going to appreciably change the amount of reservoir capacity we have in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a handful of proposed projects, there are not many good locations left for dams, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Cowin says the state will need to look at other options, like storing more water underground through groundwater banking, preparing for floods and using water more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those options will also take substantial financial investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could spend a hundred billion dollars over the next decade or two pretty easily,” Cowin said. “Even more than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s recent water bond could help with that, but at just $7 billion dollars, it’s really (and here comes the water metaphor) only a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Any sign of precipitation in the forecast is a welcome sight for Californians these days. But with temperatures \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expected to be above normal\u003c/a> this winter, California’s snowpack may not reach the heights it could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting snow in the Sierra Nevada Mountains is crucial to the state’s water supply. But scientists say as the climate continues to warm, more precipitation will fall as rain instead of snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>All in the Timing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all precipitation is created equal,” said Kelly Redmond, who studies the snowpack at the Desert Research Institute in Reno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both snow and rainfall end up in the same place in California, feeding its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/09/21/now-that-summers-over-what-do-californias-reservoirs-look-like-a-real-time-visualization/\">network rivers and reservoirs\u003c/a>. The key difference is timing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it falls as snow, it stays there,” said Redmond. “It’s like a free reservoir. It doesn’t run off, doesn’t cause floods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra snowpack melts just as California’s dry season begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It releases slowly in the spring, and shows up in the rivers and in our faucets in the summer months,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This timing is critical, Redmond says. The snowpack feeds about a third of the California’s water supply. If it fell as rain instead, water managers would need to find a way to store it in reservoirs in the winter until the dry summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Record Warm Winter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials, understandably, keep a very close eye on snow levels, doing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">monthly snow surveys\u003c/a> in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the snowpack is its best in years – \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">110 percent of normal\u003c/a>. But last year at this time, it was just 21 percent. Dry weather was the main culprit to blame, but so was record-breaking warmth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, for the first time ever recorded in the Sierra, the coldest winter temperatures were above freezing on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://kroodsma.com/charts/california_water/snow.php?width=700&height=350\" width=\"700\" height=\"350\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t take much warming to switch from rain to snow,” said Redmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s snow is already nicknamed “Sierra cement,” because it’s known for being wet and heavy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost ready to turn to rain,” Redmond said. “It’s not like the powder you get in Utah and Montana and Colorado, which are at higher altitudes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For every five degrees of warming, the freezing point of a storm, or the altitude of the “snow level” as it’s called, will rise by a thousand feet, driving the snowpack higher into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If rain falls on top of snow, it diminishes the snowpack further by melting it and producing heaving runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Overall the freezing level in the Sierra Nevada has been going up,” said Redmond. “It’s been more in the spring. What this means is that melting is starting to occur earlier at higher altitudes and runoff is starting earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Future of Warming\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this has been kind of a wake up call,” said Dan Cayan, who studies climate change at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the US Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future.’\u003ccite>Dan Cayan, USGS\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The last couple years were extraordinarily warm and I think to some extent those are models for what we might expect in the future,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan says California’s snowpack has already shrunk by 10 percent on average since World War II, a trend that is likely to continue as the climate warms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the end of the century, if we’re lucky, we’ll only lose half,” said Cayan. “And if we’re unlucky, we could lose more than that. We’re in an era of unprecedented changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether California will get more or less precipitation overall with climate change is something that’s been debated, but a \u003ca href=\"https://news.agu.org/press-release/southwest-sliding-into-a-drier-normal-weather-patterns-that-bring-rain-are-becoming-less-frequent/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Thursday\u003c/a> indicates that periods of dryness could increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found that the low-pressure weather systems that typically bring rain to the Southwestern US \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/news/newsbeat/wet-weather-less-likely-southwest-us-ncar-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have formed less often\u003c/a> during the last three decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Droughts in the Southwest, specifically in California, are getting more intense and can last longer than in the past,” said Andreas Prein of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparing for More Runoff\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big deal,” said Mark Cowin, director of California’s Department of Water Resources. “It really does change the dynamic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a future with more extreme winter runoff, some have called for expanding California’s system of reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_510440\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-510440\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Survey-April15-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snow survey last April in the Sierra Nevada turned up only dry ground. \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Of course, there’s always been interest in dams,” said Cowin. “They’re big. You can see them. But the fact is we’re not going to appreciably change the amount of reservoir capacity we have in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a handful of proposed projects, there are not many good locations left for dams, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Cowin says the state will need to look at other options, like storing more water underground through groundwater banking, preparing for floods and using water more efficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those options will also take substantial financial investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could spend a hundred billion dollars over the next decade or two pretty easily,” Cowin said. “Even more than that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s recent water bond could help with that, but at just $7 billion dollars, it’s really (and here comes the water metaphor) only a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "oil-trains-face-tough-haul-in-california",
"title": "Oil Trains Face Tough Haul in California",
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"headTitle": "Oil Trains Face Tough Haul in California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A statewide conflict over whether to allow more trains carrying crude oil into California is coming to a head in communities hundreds of miles apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Coast town of San Luis Obispo and the Bay Area city of Benicia are poised to make decisions in the coming days that would have broad implications for the future of this type of import.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime San Luis Obispo resident Heidi Harmon hopes to stop trains from hauling crude through her town, citing what she calls an “elevated risk of derailment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil trains would likely have to cross a 19th century bridge just a mile from the city’s thriving downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see the antiquated style with which this was put together” says Harmon, gesturing to rail tracks perched on top of the trestle’s steel rods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She describes Stenner Creek Trestle as “stunning to look at but terrifying to consider a mile-and-a-half-long oil train coming over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/245438020″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trains hauling up to 80 tanker cars could cross the trestle bridge multiple times a week if Phillips 66 gets wins approval for a plan to build a rail spur at its nearby refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has applied for a permit to connect its Santa Maria refinery to the nearby Union Pacific line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A steady decline in California oil production has compelled Phillips 66 to look for ways to bring in crude from other states. The company’s landlocked refinery in Santa Maria has no pipeline connection to do that — and no nearby port terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Luis Obispo Planning Commission held hearings that began Thursday on whether to allow the rail spur project. County staff has \u003ca href=\"http://agenda.slocounty.ca.gov/agenda/sanluisobispo/5611/SXRlbSBEb2N1bWVudCAoUHVibGljKSA=/14/n/56220.doc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advised against it\u003c/a>, saying it poses too great a risk to public health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon and hundreds of other opponents packed the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10855863\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10855863 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"San Luis Obispo resident Heidi Harmon describes Stenner Creek Trestle as “stunning to look at but terrifying to consider a mile-and-a-half long oil train coming over.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Luis Obispo resident Heidi Harmon describes Stenner Creek Trestle as ‘stunning to look at but terrifying to consider a mile-and-a-half-long oil train coming over.’ \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity in San Luis Obispo to say we do not want this train” said Harmon. “We do not want the dangers — the air pollution hazards and the increased cancer risks — we do not want this in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of accidents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/lac-megantic-study-findings-feb4-1.3433215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2013 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster\u003c/a> that killed 47 people in Quebec, have fueled fears and community opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips 66 officials declined an interview for this story but said in an email the company uses “one of the most modern railcar fleets in the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 100 government agencies and school boards, including many from the San Francisco Bay Area, also oppose the rail spur in San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar project at the Valero refinery in Benicia also faces strong opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero also wants to connect its operations to Union Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia’s planning commission has set a public hearing on that crude-by-rail project Monday. Staff there is \u003ca href=\"https://beniciaca.govoffice2.com/vertical/Sites/%7B3436CBED-6A58-4FEF-BFDF-5F9331215932%7D/uploads/February_CBR_Single_Agenda.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommending approval\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Political leadership is divided, but many residents are opposed. Some of those municipal governments of nearby cities want more safeguards included in the project. To get to Benicia, the crude would first pass through communities far north, including Auburn, Sacramento and the university town of Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rail line passes through the heart of our downtown and has a few geographic elements to it that raise concerns when oil trains are going through it,” said Mike Webb, city planner for Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not trying to stop the project,” Webb emphasized. “Our primary mission is to ensure that, to the extent that these trains and these materials are going through our communities, let’s make it as safe as it can possibly be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”KKygue9aisZnDrq0dvkYNw74zHGlWiD5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis officials and the Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG) are pushing for a commitment from Valero and UP to use technology that automatically slows trains in densely populated areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public safety and first responder advance notification is of paramount concern,” said Yolo County Supervisor Don Saylor, a former council chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also want a commitment to provide more training and funding for first responders in communities along the route and for emergency crews to get warned before an oil train comes down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Howe, a manager for Valero, testified at a public hearing last year on the Benicia oil-by-rail project that the company is committed to strong safety standards and modern technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have from the start planned to utilize in our project upgraded railcars.” Howe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is also working with an experienced railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expect UP railroad — which is the prime railroad that we’ll be utilizing to move those trains — to do so safely,” Howe said. “Many of the incidents that have happened have occurred on much smaller, less well maintained railroads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10855887\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10855887\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-800x593.jpg\" alt=\"San Antonio-based Valero Corp. is the nation's biggest refiner. The Benicia refinery is one of two the company operates in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-800x593.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-400x296.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-768x569.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-1440x1067.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-1180x875.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-960x712.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Antonio-based Valero Corp. is the nation’s biggest refiner. The Benicia refinery is one of two the company operates in California. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Union Pacific says it has made changes to reduce the risk of hauling crude: implementing slower speeds in high-population areas and creating analytical tools to find the safest routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two projects under consideration are among a handful of crude-by-rail projects proposed in recent years to take advantage of inexpensive crude from North Dakota, Canada and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the recent plunge in oil prices has made hauling it by train more expensive, causing some of those plans to unravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rail economics have changed the calculus for some companies” said Gordon Schremp, a senior fuel analyst with the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year WesPac abandoned a plan to build a rail terminal in the Bay Area town of Pittsburg, citing a lack of investors for the project. Alon USA has yet to act on a permit the company acquired in 2012 to build a crude-by-rail terminal at an idle refinery in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Schremp, even at the peak of industry interest rail imports comprised just 1 percent of California’s oil imports. By the end of 2015, those imports plummeted to one-tenth of 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crude-by-rail was never a very important source supply,” said Schremp, “because we did not have the facilities constructed.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A conflict over whether to allow more crude oil trains into California is coming to a head in communities hundreds of miles apart.\r\n",
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"title": "Oil Trains Face Tough Haul in California | KQED",
"description": "A conflict over whether to allow more crude oil trains into California is coming to a head in communities hundreds of miles apart.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A statewide conflict over whether to allow more trains carrying crude oil into California is coming to a head in communities hundreds of miles apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Coast town of San Luis Obispo and the Bay Area city of Benicia are poised to make decisions in the coming days that would have broad implications for the future of this type of import.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime San Luis Obispo resident Heidi Harmon hopes to stop trains from hauling crude through her town, citing what she calls an “elevated risk of derailment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil trains would likely have to cross a 19th century bridge just a mile from the city’s thriving downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see the antiquated style with which this was put together” says Harmon, gesturing to rail tracks perched on top of the trestle’s steel rods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She describes Stenner Creek Trestle as “stunning to look at but terrifying to consider a mile-and-a-half-long oil train coming over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/245438020″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/245438020″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trains hauling up to 80 tanker cars could cross the trestle bridge multiple times a week if Phillips 66 gets wins approval for a plan to build a rail spur at its nearby refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has applied for a permit to connect its Santa Maria refinery to the nearby Union Pacific line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A steady decline in California oil production has compelled Phillips 66 to look for ways to bring in crude from other states. The company’s landlocked refinery in Santa Maria has no pipeline connection to do that — and no nearby port terminal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Luis Obispo Planning Commission held hearings that began Thursday on whether to allow the rail spur project. County staff has \u003ca href=\"http://agenda.slocounty.ca.gov/agenda/sanluisobispo/5611/SXRlbSBEb2N1bWVudCAoUHVibGljKSA=/14/n/56220.doc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advised against it\u003c/a>, saying it poses too great a risk to public health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmon and hundreds of other opponents packed the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10855863\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10855863 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"San Luis Obispo resident Heidi Harmon describes Stenner Creek Trestle as “stunning to look at but terrifying to consider a mile-and-a-half long oil train coming over.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-400x533.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SLOTrestle-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Luis Obispo resident Heidi Harmon describes Stenner Creek Trestle as ‘stunning to look at but terrifying to consider a mile-and-a-half-long oil train coming over.’ \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity in San Luis Obispo to say we do not want this train” said Harmon. “We do not want the dangers — the air pollution hazards and the increased cancer risks — we do not want this in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of accidents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/lac-megantic-study-findings-feb4-1.3433215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2013 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster\u003c/a> that killed 47 people in Quebec, have fueled fears and community opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillips 66 officials declined an interview for this story but said in an email the company uses “one of the most modern railcar fleets in the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 100 government agencies and school boards, including many from the San Francisco Bay Area, also oppose the rail spur in San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar project at the Valero refinery in Benicia also faces strong opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero also wants to connect its operations to Union Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia’s planning commission has set a public hearing on that crude-by-rail project Monday. Staff there is \u003ca href=\"https://beniciaca.govoffice2.com/vertical/Sites/%7B3436CBED-6A58-4FEF-BFDF-5F9331215932%7D/uploads/February_CBR_Single_Agenda.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommending approval\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Political leadership is divided, but many residents are opposed. Some of those municipal governments of nearby cities want more safeguards included in the project. To get to Benicia, the crude would first pass through communities far north, including Auburn, Sacramento and the university town of Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rail line passes through the heart of our downtown and has a few geographic elements to it that raise concerns when oil trains are going through it,” said Mike Webb, city planner for Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not trying to stop the project,” Webb emphasized. “Our primary mission is to ensure that, to the extent that these trains and these materials are going through our communities, let’s make it as safe as it can possibly be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davis officials and the Sacramento Area Council of Governments (SACOG) are pushing for a commitment from Valero and UP to use technology that automatically slows trains in densely populated areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Public safety and first responder advance notification is of paramount concern,” said Yolo County Supervisor Don Saylor, a former council chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also want a commitment to provide more training and funding for first responders in communities along the route and for emergency crews to get warned before an oil train comes down the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Howe, a manager for Valero, testified at a public hearing last year on the Benicia oil-by-rail project that the company is committed to strong safety standards and modern technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have from the start planned to utilize in our project upgraded railcars.” Howe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is also working with an experienced railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We expect UP railroad — which is the prime railroad that we’ll be utilizing to move those trains — to do so safely,” Howe said. “Many of the incidents that have happened have occurred on much smaller, less well maintained railroads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10855887\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10855887\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-800x593.jpg\" alt=\"San Antonio-based Valero Corp. is the nation's biggest refiner. The Benicia refinery is one of two the company operates in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-800x593.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-400x296.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-768x569.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-1440x1067.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-1180x875.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ValeroRefinery-960x712.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Antonio-based Valero Corp. is the nation’s biggest refiner. The Benicia refinery is one of two the company operates in California. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Union Pacific says it has made changes to reduce the risk of hauling crude: implementing slower speeds in high-population areas and creating analytical tools to find the safest routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two projects under consideration are among a handful of crude-by-rail projects proposed in recent years to take advantage of inexpensive crude from North Dakota, Canada and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the recent plunge in oil prices has made hauling it by train more expensive, causing some of those plans to unravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rail economics have changed the calculus for some companies” said Gordon Schremp, a senior fuel analyst with the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year WesPac abandoned a plan to build a rail terminal in the Bay Area town of Pittsburg, citing a lack of investors for the project. Alon USA has yet to act on a permit the company acquired in 2012 to build a crude-by-rail terminal at an idle refinery in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Schremp, even at the peak of industry interest rail imports comprised just 1 percent of California’s oil imports. By the end of 2015, those imports plummeted to one-tenth of 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Official: Porter Ranch Gas Leak Might Be Sealed as Early as Next Week",
"title": "Official: Porter Ranch Gas Leak Might Be Sealed as Early as Next Week",
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"content": "\u003cp>The leaking natural gas storage well near the Los Angeles neighborhood of Porter Ranch might be capped earlier than originally anticipated, a state official told residents on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, an adviser to Gov. Jerry Brown, said the utility that owns the well is expected to begin the final phase of the fix on Monday, the Associated Press reports. The Southern California Gas Co. is currently drilling a relief well to intercept the leaking well — and once it reaches its destination, workers should be able to seal up the leak in about five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"SDEbe4pZ1cF6lQrySME9MMZ80vcjlMVj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would mean the leaking well would officially be killed by the end of next week, two weeks ahead of the SoCalGas target of the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are some caveats. First, an \"early\" fix to the leaking well is hardly a fast one. The well has been leaking since late October, so a fix by the end of next week would mean it was releasing uncontrolled quantities of methane gas for 16 weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And declaring success next week is hardly certain. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0205-porter-ranch-leak-20160205-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times puts it\u003c/a>, the timeline is \"fraught with variables.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaking well, located at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, has been spewing large quantities of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere since late October. The gas company has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">accused of negligence over the leak\u003c/a>, and faces \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/03/california-utility-faces-criminal-charges-over-ongoing-gas-leak\">criminal charges and civil lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak can't be seen with the naked eye but is visible using infrared cameras:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas leak also contains trace elements of other substances, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\">such as the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>, as well as odorants that are added to help people detect gas leaks through smell. The odorants are known to cause headaches, nausea, nosebleeds and other ailments, but SoCalGas and state officials have said the leak shouldn't cause any long-term health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't comforted many residents of the nearby neighborhood of Porter Ranch. Thousands of people have been relocated because of the leak — and many say they are deeply concerned about possible health impacts of their exposure to the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> this afternoon, Kelly McEvers talks to one Porter Ranch family who has left the neighborhood. They're so worried, they don't want to move back once the leak is capped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though you can't see the gas, it's there. And that's the saddest part ... people don't understand it,\" says Christine Katz, who is concerned about her family's health after she says her 2-year-old daughter got sick and doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong. \"Because it's not a mudslide, it's not an earthquake — you just don't see the devastation, but it's there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Porter Ranch resident, Dhruv Sareen, hasn't relocated his family at all. Sareen, a research scientist who studies stem cells at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, says he looked at the data and wasn't alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The leaking natural gas storage well near the Los Angeles neighborhood of Porter Ranch might be capped earlier than originally anticipated, a state official told residents on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, an adviser to Gov. Jerry Brown, said the utility that owns the well is expected to begin the final phase of the fix on Monday, the Associated Press reports. The Southern California Gas Co. is currently drilling a relief well to intercept the leaking well — and once it reaches its destination, workers should be able to seal up the leak in about five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would mean the leaking well would officially be killed by the end of next week, two weeks ahead of the SoCalGas target of the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are some caveats. First, an \"early\" fix to the leaking well is hardly a fast one. The well has been leaking since late October, so a fix by the end of next week would mean it was releasing uncontrolled quantities of methane gas for 16 weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And declaring success next week is hardly certain. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0205-porter-ranch-leak-20160205-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times puts it\u003c/a>, the timeline is \"fraught with variables.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaking well, located at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, has been spewing large quantities of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere since late October. The gas company has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">accused of negligence over the leak\u003c/a>, and faces \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/03/california-utility-faces-criminal-charges-over-ongoing-gas-leak\">criminal charges and civil lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak can't be seen with the naked eye but is visible using infrared cameras:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The gas leak also contains trace elements of other substances, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\">such as the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>, as well as odorants that are added to help people detect gas leaks through smell. The odorants are known to cause headaches, nausea, nosebleeds and other ailments, but SoCalGas and state officials have said the leak shouldn't cause any long-term health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't comforted many residents of the nearby neighborhood of Porter Ranch. Thousands of people have been relocated because of the leak — and many say they are deeply concerned about possible health impacts of their exposure to the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> this afternoon, Kelly McEvers talks to one Porter Ranch family who has left the neighborhood. They're so worried, they don't want to move back once the leak is capped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though you can't see the gas, it's there. And that's the saddest part ... people don't understand it,\" says Christine Katz, who is concerned about her family's health after she says her 2-year-old daughter got sick and doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong. \"Because it's not a mudslide, it's not an earthquake — you just don't see the devastation, but it's there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Porter Ranch resident, Dhruv Sareen, hasn't relocated his family at all. Sareen, a research scientist who studies stem cells at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, says he looked at the data and wasn't alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/154281106\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is getting a break from the rain after a four-week series of storms that brought above-normal precipitation to virtually \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/calif/jan2016.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the entire state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wettest spots in the Bay Area got more than 20 inches of rain for the month. The rain gauge in Venado, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado?artslide=0\" target=\"_blank\">a spot in the hills\u003c/a> west of the northern Sonoma County town of Healdsburg, recorded 27.56 inches in January. San Francisco picked up 6.94 inches, 54 percent above its normal amount for the month. The storms helped build the Sierra snowpack to its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\">healthiest level in five years\u003c/a>, with water content in the snow now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent above average\u003c/a> for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little movie up above there gives a dramatically sped-up look at the series of storms that visited the state. We cobbled the video together from about 1,500 images from NOAA's GOES West satellite, one recorded every half-hour taken between Jan. 1 and Jan. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictures are not quite the same as standard satellite imagery. Instead of showing visible light, they depict water vapor detected by an infrared imager (here's \u003ca href=\"http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/wv/wv_intro.html\" target=\"_blank\">a technical description\u003c/a> of water vapor images).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these unenhanced pictures are not quite as dramatic as visible-light images, they still depict the progression of storms. And they allow the resulting movie to be continuous, unlike visible-light pictures that, taken just after our winter solstice, show about 10 hours of amazing daylight and 14 hours of boring darkness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Here's what the first three weeks of January \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/152796437\" target=\"_blank\">look like\u003c/a> in GOES West visible images.)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/154281106\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is getting a break from the rain after a four-week series of storms that brought above-normal precipitation to virtually \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/calif/jan2016.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the entire state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wettest spots in the Bay Area got more than 20 inches of rain for the month. The rain gauge in Venado, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado?artslide=0\" target=\"_blank\">a spot in the hills\u003c/a> west of the northern Sonoma County town of Healdsburg, recorded 27.56 inches in January. San Francisco picked up 6.94 inches, 54 percent above its normal amount for the month. The storms helped build the Sierra snowpack to its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/02/good-news-sierra-snowpack-is-above-average/\" target=\"_blank\">healthiest level in five years\u003c/a>, with water content in the snow now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\">10 percent above average\u003c/a> for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little movie up above there gives a dramatically sped-up look at the series of storms that visited the state. We cobbled the video together from about 1,500 images from NOAA's GOES West satellite, one recorded every half-hour taken between Jan. 1 and Jan. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pictures are not quite the same as standard satellite imagery. Instead of showing visible light, they depict water vapor detected by an infrared imager (here's \u003ca href=\"http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/wv/wv_intro.html\" target=\"_blank\">a technical description\u003c/a> of water vapor images).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The four men charged with vandalizing a large dam in Fremont last year, an act that led to the loss of nearly 50 million gallons of water, have all agreed to plea deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake Elkhouri, the man prosecutors say stabbed the inflatable dam on Alameda Creek on May 21, pleaded guilty \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/04/criminal-cases-against-fremont-dam-vandals-end\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/04/criminal-cases-against-fremont-dam-vandals-end\" target=\"_self\" title=\"Criminal Cases Against Fremont Dam Vandals End\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The four men charged with vandalizing a large dam in Fremont last year, an act that led to the loss of nearly 50 million gallons of water, have all agreed to plea deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake Elkhouri, the man prosecutors say stabbed the inflatable dam on Alameda Creek on May 21, pleaded guilty to felony vandalism last month and has been sentenced to one year in county jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dylan Jeffery, Gavin Palmon and Zackory Morton all pleaded guilty to misdemeanor trespassing. They ended up each serving around 40 days in jail, according to Teresa Drenick, a spokeswoman for the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri, the main defendant, could end up having to pay for the damage related to the vandalism, including the cost of the loss of water, Drenick said in an email. A restitution hearing on how much he would have to pay is set for early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri's lawyer has not returned calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, authorities revealed that the vandalism took place after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/26/authorities-fremont-dam-vandalism-caused-by-drunk-and-high-suspects\" target=\"_blank\">the four men had been drinking and smoking marijuana\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case prompted an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/03/epa-probes-fremont-vandalism-that-ruined-dam-allowed-water-to-escape\" target=\"_blank\">investigation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> because the vandalism could have been a violation of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal case is now closed. The EPA's Criminal Investigation Division (CID) met with the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco after the men were arrested and decided not to pursue separate charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local charges were \"appropriate and consistent with the facts of this case,\" said Michele Huitric, an EPA spokeswoman, in an email Thursday. \"Rather than attempting to pursue federal criminal charges related to tampering under the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA-CID is closing its file on the matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County Water District replaced the dam and upgraded security around it but the agency's general manager, Robert Shaver, said there's only so much that can be done to keep pieces of the region's water infrastructure completely secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have over 900 miles of pipeline just serving Fremont, Union City and Newark. We have numerous tanks and reservoirs,\" Shaver said in an interview this week. \"There's no way that any water utility could guarantee that something like this can't happen to any one of its facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The four men charged with vandalizing a large dam in Fremont last year, an act that led to the loss of nearly 50 million gallons of water, have all agreed to plea deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drake Elkhouri, the man prosecutors say stabbed the inflatable dam on Alameda Creek on May 21, pleaded guilty to felony vandalism last month and has been sentenced to one year in county jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dylan Jeffery, Gavin Palmon and Zackory Morton all pleaded guilty to misdemeanor trespassing. They ended up each serving around 40 days in jail, according to Teresa Drenick, a spokeswoman for the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri, the main defendant, could end up having to pay for the damage related to the vandalism, including the cost of the loss of water, Drenick said in an email. A restitution hearing on how much he would have to pay is set for early March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elkhouri's lawyer has not returned calls for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late November, authorities revealed that the vandalism took place after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/26/authorities-fremont-dam-vandalism-caused-by-drunk-and-high-suspects\" target=\"_blank\">the four men had been drinking and smoking marijuana\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case prompted an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/03/epa-probes-fremont-vandalism-that-ruined-dam-allowed-water-to-escape\" target=\"_blank\">investigation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> because the vandalism could have been a violation of the federal Safe Drinking Water Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal case is now closed. The EPA's Criminal Investigation Division (CID) met with the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco after the men were arrested and decided not to pursue separate charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local charges were \"appropriate and consistent with the facts of this case,\" said Michele Huitric, an EPA spokeswoman, in an email Thursday. \"Rather than attempting to pursue federal criminal charges related to tampering under the Safe Drinking Water Act, EPA-CID is closing its file on the matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County Water District replaced the dam and upgraded security around it but the agency's general manager, Robert Shaver, said there's only so much that can be done to keep pieces of the region's water infrastructure completely secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have over 900 miles of pipeline just serving Fremont, Union City and Newark. We have numerous tanks and reservoirs,\" Shaver said in an interview this week. \"There's no way that any water utility could guarantee that something like this can't happen to any one of its facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns a natural gas storage well that has been leaking since November, faces criminal charges over the leak and its alleged delay in alerting authorities to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County prosecutors have charged the company with three misdemeanor counts of failing to report the leak from Oct. 23 to Oct. 26, as well as one misdemeanor count over the leak itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rZrjrCDgiHXCSVVhI4QLOwfHD222KZBY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company could be fined up to $25,000 for each day it didn't alert authorities, and $1,000 for each day the leak continued, the L.A. District Attorney's Office \u003ca href=\"http://da.co.la.ca.us/sites/default/files/press/020216_District_Attorney_Jackie_Lacey_Files_Criminal_Charges_Against_SoCal_Gas_for_Aliso_Canyon_Leak.pdf\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began in late October. Since then, it has been releasing \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=ZgTyPYGXFF:10846948:1026:13::57FmlGUjpny3WCvUhtvLNDjd9:sidebar:56b25c78a96a40-04112598\" target=\"_blank\">massive quantities of methane\u003c/a>, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as trace amounts of chemicals such as\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\"> the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>. The leaking gas also contains odorants that cause nausea, headaches and nosebleeds, affecting residents of nearby Porter Ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak is invisible to the naked eye but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\">can be viewed\u003c/a> with infrared cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The amount of gas leaking from the underground storage field has fallen since it peaked in late November, but the utility doesn't expect to plug the leak until later this month,\" freelance reporter Danielle Karson tells NPR. \"Meanwhile, the fumes from thousands of tons of methane gas have created a public health nightmare. Two schools have closed, and thousands of people living nearby have been relocated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the criminal charges, SoCalGas faces a number of civil lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, California Attorney General Kamala Harris \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris-lodges-lawsuit-over-aliso-canyon-gas-leak\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that she is suing the company for creating a public nuisance and violating the state health and safety code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has also been sued by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">the city\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20160111/la-county-has-joined-la-city-attorneys-lawsuit-against-socalgas-over-gas-leak\">county\u003c/a> of Los Angeles; \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/25/57033/owners-of-two-businesses-in-porter-ranch-file-laws/\">owners of businesses\u003c/a> in Porter Ranch; \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/12/03/792500/0/en/Class-Action-Lawsuit-Filed-Over-SoCalGas-Leak-in-Porter-Ranch.html\">residents\u003c/a> of Porter Ranch; and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">South Coast Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the ongoing gas leak nearly a month ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns a natural gas storage well that has been leaking since November, faces criminal charges over the leak and its alleged delay in alerting authorities to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County prosecutors have charged the company with three misdemeanor counts of failing to report the leak from Oct. 23 to Oct. 26, as well as one misdemeanor count over the leak itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company could be fined up to $25,000 for each day it didn't alert authorities, and $1,000 for each day the leak continued, the L.A. District Attorney's Office \u003ca href=\"http://da.co.la.ca.us/sites/default/files/press/020216_District_Attorney_Jackie_Lacey_Files_Criminal_Charges_Against_SoCal_Gas_for_Aliso_Canyon_Leak.pdf\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began in late October. Since then, it has been releasing \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=ZgTyPYGXFF:10846948:1026:13::57FmlGUjpny3WCvUhtvLNDjd9:sidebar:56b25c78a96a40-04112598\" target=\"_blank\">massive quantities of methane\u003c/a>, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as trace amounts of chemicals such as\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\"> the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>. The leaking gas also contains odorants that cause nausea, headaches and nosebleeds, affecting residents of nearby Porter Ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak is invisible to the naked eye but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\">can be viewed\u003c/a> with infrared cameras.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"The amount of gas leaking from the underground storage field has fallen since it peaked in late November, but the utility doesn't expect to plug the leak until later this month,\" freelance reporter Danielle Karson tells NPR. \"Meanwhile, the fumes from thousands of tons of methane gas have created a public health nightmare. Two schools have closed, and thousands of people living nearby have been relocated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the criminal charges, SoCalGas faces a number of civil lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, California Attorney General Kamala Harris \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris-lodges-lawsuit-over-aliso-canyon-gas-leak\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that she is suing the company for creating a public nuisance and violating the state health and safety code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has also been sued by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">the city\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20160111/la-county-has-joined-la-city-attorneys-lawsuit-against-socalgas-over-gas-leak\">county\u003c/a> of Los Angeles; \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/25/57033/owners-of-two-businesses-in-porter-ranch-file-laws/\">owners of businesses\u003c/a> in Porter Ranch; \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/12/03/792500/0/en/Class-Action-Lawsuit-Filed-Over-SoCalGas-Leak-in-Porter-Ranch.html\">residents\u003c/a> of Porter Ranch; and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">South Coast Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the ongoing gas leak nearly a month ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "MAP: Water Savings Down Just As Drought Rules Extended",
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"content": "\u003cp>Winter storms may be luring many Californians to relax about the drought, but on Tuesday, state officials sent a message that the drought is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They voted to extend the state’s mandatory water conservation rules through October; the rules were set to expire this month. Under them, water districts have to cut back water use from 4-to-36 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only half-time in this rainy season and we don’t know what’s coming next,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40 percent of the state’s water districts are already failing to meet their conservation targets. Many have been lobbying the water board for more leeway going forward, asking for a lower targets for districts in inland areas or for those with large local water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who’s Saving Water and Who Isn’t\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/725d60ae-ca10-11e5-bc2d-0e3ff518bd15/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board voted to provide some wiggle room, cutting conservation targets by up to 8 percent for districts that have invested in drought-resilient water supplies like water recycling, for those areas that have shown water-efficient growth and for places with hot climates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we’ve made so much progress, that Californians have stepped up,” said Sara Aminzadeh of California Coastkeeper Alliance. “And I think that there’s a real danger that if we start to back off that now, we lose some of the ground we covered this year in terms of the ‘keep saving California’ message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”JnhzUjeNMG4vN1xOBMlJBlYKy4PokCfD”]Some water districts asked the board to wait until April to reinstate the conservation targets, saying their customers would likely ignore a conservation message during the rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation dropped off in California over the winter. In December, Californians saved just 18 percent, the lowest level since the mandatory drought rules began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means cumulatively since June, Californians have saved 25.5 percent, just barely meeting Governor Brown’s goal of cutting water use by 25 percent. Saving water is generally tougher during the winter because residents already use less water outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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